title: 11-Year Warm Cloud Modification Experiment in Maharashtra State, India

abstract:
  A warm cloud modification experiment was carried out in an area of 4800 Sq.Km
in the Pune region,India, during the 11-summer monsoon (June-September) seasons
(1973-74, 1976, 1979-86). A double-area cross-over design with area
randomization was adopted and an instrumented aircraft was used for seeding and
cloud physical measurements. Finely pulverised salt (sodium chloride) particles
were released into the monsoon clouds (cumulus and stratocumulus) during
aircraft penetrations into the clouds at a height of 200-300 m above the
cloud-base. The warm cloud responses to salt seeding are found to be critically
dependent on the cloud physical characteristics e.g., vertical thickness and
liquid water content. Clouds with vertical thickness greater than 1 km, LWC
greater than 0.5 gm/cubic m when seeded with salt particles (modal diameter 10
micro m, concentration 1 per litre of cloud air) produced increase in rainfall
of 24 per cent significant at 4 per cent level. Shallow clouds (vertical
thickness less than 1 km, LWC less than 0.5 gm/cubic m) when seeded showed
tendency for dissipation. The cloud physical observations made in not-seeded
(control) and seeded (target) clouds have provided some useful evidence to test
the applicability of the warm cloud modification hypothesis. The results of the
cloud model computations suggested that moderate convergence at the cloud-base
is essential for the cloud growth and development of precipitation in the real
world. Hygroscopic particle seeding of warm clouds under favourable dynamical
conditions (convergence at the cloud-base level) may result in the acceleration
of the collision-coalescence process resulting in the enhancement of rainfall.


title:
Investigation of Joint Effect of Two Mechanisms of Probe Wave Anomalous
  Attenuation

abstract:
  Two mechanisms of anomalous attenuation of probe waves in the experiments of
ionosphere modification are discussed in the paper. The first mechanism is the
well-known conversion of ordinary wave into plasma waves due to scattering from
random irregularities in the upper-hybrid resonance region. The second
mechanism is the multiple scattering. This mechanism is responsible for
anomalous attenuation of extraordinary wave have been observed in several
experiments. Investigation of joint effect of both mechanisms gives additional
possibilities for diagnostics of artificial irregularities.


title: Order parametr for design of proteinlike heteropolymers

abstract:
  preprint withdrawn. A revised version of this paper, with different authors
appears in E. Nelson, P. Wolynes, and J. Onuchic, in Optimization in
computational chemistry and molecular biology, C. Floudas and P. Pardalos
editors, (1999)). The main failing of my approach in these papers is the fact
that the Hamiltonian and order parameters are based on pair distances only, and
therefore do not break the local gauge (reflection) symmetry. Consequently, the
order parameters cannot detect the difference between (for example) a partially
compact topology and its mirror image. I take full responsibility for this
problem, the withdrawal of this preprint, and the comments made above. Erik D.
Nelson


title: Molecular calculations with B functions

abstract:
  A program for molecular calculations with B functions is reported and its
performance is analyzed. All the one- and two-center integrals, and the
three-center nuclear attraction integrals are computed by direct procedures,
using previously developed algorithms. The three- and four-center electron
repulsion integrals are computed by means of Gaussian expansions of the B
functions. A new procedure for obtaining these expansions is also reported.
Some results on full molecular calculations are included to show the
capabilities of the program and the quality of the B functions to represent the
electronic functions in molecules.


title:
Millisecond and Binary Pulsars as Nature's Frequency Standards. III.
  Fourier Analysis and Spectral Sensitivity of Timing Observations to
  Low-Frequency Noise

abstract:
  Millisecond and binary pulsars are the most stable natural frequency
standards which admits to introduce modified versions of universal and
ephemeris time scales based correspondingly on the intrinsic rotation of pulsar
and on its orbital motion around barycenter of a binary system. Measured
stability of these time scales depends on numerous physical phenomena which
affect rotational and orbital motion of the pulsar and observer on the Earth,
perturb propagation of electromagnetic pulses from pulsar to the observer and
bring about random fluctuations in the rate of atomic clock used as a primary
time reference in timing observations. On the long time intervals the main
reason for the instability of the pulsar time scales is the presence of
correlated, low-frequency timing noise in residuals of times of arrivals (TOA)
of pulses from the pulsar which has both astrophysical and geophysical origin.
Hence, the timing noise can carry out the important physical information about
interstellar medium, interior structure of the pulsar, stochastic gravitational
waves coming from the early universe, etc. Each specific type of the
low-frequency noise can be described in framework of power law spectrum model.
Although the data processing of pulsar timing observations in time domain seems
to be the most imformative it is significantly important to know to which
spectral bands single and binary pulsars, considered as detectors of the
low-frequency noise signal, are the most sensitive. The given problem is
examined in the present article.


title:
Universality of the Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli isosymmetry for the
  invariant description of all possible spacetimes

abstract:
  We review the origin of the physical consistency of the Lorentz- Poincar\'e
symmetry. We outline seemingly catastrophic physical inconsistencies recently
identified for noncanonical-nonunitary generalized theories defined on
conventional spaces over conventional fields. We review Santilli's isotopic
lifting of the Lorentz-Poincar\'e symmetry, by proving its invariant resolution
of said inconsistencies, and universality for the representation of all
possible spacetimes with a symmetric metric. The explicit isosymmetry
transforms are identified. Particular care is devoted to the recent discovery
of the 11-th dimensionality of the conventional Poincar\'e symmetry and the
consequential emergence of an axiomatically consistent grand unification of
electroweak and gravitational interactions. The article closes with an outline
of the broader geno- and hyper-symmetries and their isodual for the description
of single-valued irreversible systems, multivalued irreversible systems and
antimatter systems, respectively.


title:
Universality of the isospecial relativity for the invariant description
  of arbitrary speeds of light

abstract:
  We review the recent experimental evidence on arbitrary values of the speed
of light within physical media (interior dynamical problems); we recall that
classical (operator) theories with speeds of light different than that in
vacuum are noncanonically (nonunitarily) related to the special relativity,
thus losing the original invariant character with consequential rather serious
problems of physical consistency; we show that the isominkowskian geometry, the
isopoincar\'e symmetry and the isospecial relativity provide a formulation of
arbitrary speeds of light within physical media as invariant as that of the
special relativity for the propagation of light in vacuum; we prove that the
isospecial relativity is directly universal, in the sense of holding for all
possible spacetime models with a symmetric metric directly in the frame of the
observer; we outline the broader genotopic and hyperstructural formulations
which are directly universal for single- and multiple-valued irreversible
systems, respectively, with a generally nonsymmetric metric; we review the
anti-isomorphic isodual formulations for the classical and operator
representation of antimatter and the prediction of the new "isodual photon"; we
finally point out a few representative connections between the invariant
isotopic formulations and a rather large variety of generalized theories
existing in the literature.


title: Superluminal Signal Velocity

abstract:
  It recently has been demonstrated that signals conveyed by evanescent modes
can travel faster than light. In this report some special features of signals
are introduced and investigated, for instance the fundamental property that
signals are frequency band limited.
  Evanescent modes are characterized by extraordinary properties: Their energy
is {\it negative}, they are not directly measurable, and the evanescent region
is not causal since the modes traverse this region instantaneously. The study
demonstrates the necessity of quantum mechanical principles in order to
interprete the superluminal signal velocity of classical evanescent modes.


title: On local structures of gravity-free space and time

abstract:
  Besides two fundamental postulates, (i) the principle of relativity and (ii)
the constancy of the one-way speed of light in all inertial frames of
reference, the special theory of relativity uses the assumption about the
Euclidean structure of gravity-free space and the homogeneity of gravity-free
time in the usual inertial coordinate system. Introducing the so-called primed
inertial coordinate system, in addition to the usual inertial coordinate
system, for each inertial frame of reference, we assume the flat structures of
gravity-free space and time in the primed inertial coordinate system and,
hence, their generalized Finslerian structures in the usual inertial coordinate
system. We further modify the special theory of relativity by combining the
alternative assumption with the two postulates (i) and (ii). The modified
special relativity theory involves two versions of the light speed, infinite
speed c-prime in the primed inertial coordinate system and finite speed c in
the usual inertial coordinate system. It involves the c-prime-type Galilean
transformation between any two primed inertial coordinate systems and the
localized Lorentz transformation between any two usual inertial coordinate
systems. The physical principle in the modified special relativity theory is:
the c-prime-type Galilean invariance in the primed inertial coordinate system
plus the transformation from the primed to the usual inertial coordinate
systems. It combines with the quantum mechanics theory to found a convergent
and invariant quantum field theory. We produce corrections to the Maxwellian
velocity and velocity rate distributions for free particles. The detection of
velocity and velocity rate distributions for free particles can serve as the
tests to investigate the local structures of gravity-free space and time.


title: Anomalous jumping in a double-well potential

abstract:
  Noise induced jumping between meta-stable states in a potential depends on
the structure of the noise. For an $\alpha$-stable noise, jumping triggered by
single extreme events contributes to the transition probability. This is also
called Levy flights and might be of importance in triggering sudden changes in
geophysical flow and perhaps even climatic changes. The steady state statistics
is also influenced by the noise structure leading to a non-Gibbs distribution
for an $\alpha$-stable noise.


title: The Duality of Nature: Why N Equals 10

abstract:
  Negative solutions are possible for Einstein's Special Relativity equation,
as well as Dirac's, Maxwell's, and Schrodinger's equations; and Schrodinger's
equation utilizes antitime to calculate quantum probabilities. Also, since no
ground state seems to exist for matter, Dirac predicted that negative matter
must exist to keep all of matter from disappearing into negative energy states.
And Einstein showed that all things are relative except the speed of light.
Together, these imply that 4 negative dimensions (Ds) are overlapped by the 4
positive Ds; that positive and negative matters reside in these 2 separate sets
of Ds; and that their separateness prevents their mutual annihilation. Light
would then exist as an oscillation of the interface between these 2 sets of Ds,
with the 2 relative matters varying equally on each side; thus allowing light
to remain constant. And since 2 negatives make a positive, the 2 sets would
move as one, even though they are opposites. This means that the 2 sets always
remain exactly overlapped; and so, the negative Ds remain disguised. Our
universe therefore could be a dual universe. Also, 8+2 Ds makes a total of 10
Ds; 4x4=16 interactions, and 10+16 = 26. So our 4 D world could act as a 10/26
D world; which matches the 2 sets within which string theory is self-
consistent. And this is why N =10. Also, an initial matter singularity would be
balanced by antimatter being infinitely spread out at the opposite end of time;
so a dual universe would allow an initial singularity to exist with both a
known position and momentum, without violating quantum mechanics. And since a
dual universe having two equal sets of Ds and matter would always be exactly
balanced; a dual universe would be extremely stable all thorough its existence.
And this means that our universe is likely to be a dual universe.


title: 4D Tropospheric Tomography using GPS Estimated Slant Delays

abstract:
  Tomographic techniques are successfully applied to obtain 4D images of the
tropospheric refractivity in a local dense network. In the lower atmosphere
both the small height and time scales and the non-dispersive nature of
tropospheric delays require a more careful analysis of the data. We show how
GPS data is processed to obtain the tropospheric slant delays using the
GIPSY-OASIS II software and define the concept of pseudo-wet delays, which will
be the observables in the tomographic software. We then discuss the inverse
problem in the 3D stochastic tomography, using simulated refractivity fields to
test the system and the impact of noise. Finally, we use data from the Kilauea
network in Hawaii and a local 4x4x41-voxel grid on a region of 400 Km$^2$ and
15 Km in height to produce 4D refractivity fields. Results are compared with
ECMWF forecast.


title: Numerical Approximations Using Chebyshev Polynomial Expansions

abstract:
  We present numerical solutions for differential equations by expanding the
unknown function in terms of Chebyshev polynomials and solving a system of
linear equations directly for the values of the function at the extrema (or
zeros) of the Chebyshev polynomial of order N (El-gendi's method). The
solutions are exact at these points, apart from round-off computer errors and
the convergence of other numerical methods used in connection to solving the
linear system of equations. Applications to initial value problems in
time-dependent quantum field theory, and second order boundary value problems
in fluid dynamics are presented.


title: Solving for the dynamics of the universe

abstract:
  A new method of solving the Einstein-Friedmann dynamical equations of a
spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe is presented. The method is
applicable when the equation of state of the material content assumes the form
P=(g -1) rho, g = constant. The solution for the expansion factor is commonly
given only for g = 0, 1 and 4/3 when the curvature index K is 1 or -1. The
proposed procedure is valid for general g and K and it allows for ease of
derivation of the solutions. This alternative method is useful pedagogically to
introduce basic cosmology.


title:
Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Analysis Reveals Superiority of
  Scale-Dependent Wavelet and Spectral Measures for Assessing Cardiac
  Dysfunction

abstract:
  Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the
suitability of various heart rate variability (HRV) measures for correctly
classifying electrocardiogram records of varying lengths as normal or revealing
the presence of heart failure. Scale-dependent HRV measures were found to be
substantially superior to scale-independent measures (scaling exponents) for
discriminating the two classes of data over a broad range of record lengths.
The wavelet-coefficient standard deviation at a scale near 32 heartbeat
intervals, and its spectral counterpart near 1/32 cycles per interval, provide
reliable results using record lengths just minutes long. A jittered
integrate-and-fire model built around a fractal Gaussian-noise kernel provides
a realistic, though not perfect, simulation of heartbeat sequences.


title: Cluster ionization via two-plasmon excitation

abstract:
  We calculate the two-photon ionization of clusters for photon energies near
the surface plasmon resonance. The results are expressed in terms of the
ionization rate of a double plasmon excitation, which is calculated
perturbatively. For the conditions of the experiment by Schlipper et al., we
find an ionization rate of the order of 0.05-0.10 fs^(-1). This rate is used to
determine the ionization probability in an external field in terms of the
number of photons absorbed and the duration of the field. The probability also
depends on the damping rate of the surface plasmon. Agreement with experiment
can only be achieved if the plasmon damping is considerably smaller than its
observed width in the room-temperature single-photon absorption spectrum.


title:
Modification of special relativity and the divergence problem in quantum
  field theory

abstract:
  The root of the divergence problem in the current quantum field theory seems
to be in the special theory of relativity. Here we propose a modified special
relativity theory by introducing the primed inertial coordinate system, in
addition to the usual inertial coordinate system, for each inertial frame of
reference, assuming the flat structures of gravity-free space and time in the
primed inertial coordinate system and their generalized Finslerian structures
in the usual inertial coordinate system, and combining this assumption with the
two fundamental postulates, (i) the principle of relativity and (ii) the
constancy of the one-way speed of light in all inertial frames of reference.
The modified special relativity theory involves two versions of the light
speed, infinite speed c-prime in the primed inertial coordinate system and
finite speed c in the usual inertial coordinate system. The physical principle
is: the c-prime-type Galilean invariance in the primed inertial coordinate
system plus the transformation from the primed to the usual inertial coordinate
systems. The modified special relativity theory and the quantum mechanics
theory together found a convergent and invariant quantum field theory.


title: Stochastic dynamics and Fokker-Planck equation in accelerator physics

abstract:
  The aim of this contribution is to study the particle dynamics in a storage
ring under the influence of noise. Some simplified stochastic beam dynamics
problems are treated by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equations
numerically.


title:
Gravitational Anomalies by HTC Superconductors: a 1999 Theoretical
  Status Report

abstract:
  In this report we summarize in an informal way the main advances made in the
last 3 years and give a unified scheme of our theoretical work. This scheme
aims at connecting in a consistent physical picture (by the introduction of
some working hypotheses when necessary) the technical work published in several
single articles. The part of our model concerning the purely gravitational
aspects of the weak shielding phenomenon is almost complete; the part
concerning the density distribution of the superconducting carriers in the HTC
disks is still qualitative, also due to the very non-standard character of the
experimental setup. The main points of our analysis are the following: coherent
coupling between gravity and a Bose condensate; induced gravitational
instability and "runaway" of the field, with modification of the static
potential; density distribution of the superconducting charge carriers;
energetic balance; effective equations for the field; existence of a threshold
density.


title: Behind the shirts, is symmetry

abstract:
  The outbreak of spontaneous order in matter results from symmetry breaking.
How does a system change its collective organisation ? How does it break its
own symmetry ? That are the questions which are answered using a metaphoric
world of shirts and colors.

categories: physics.pop-ph adap-org cond-mat nlin.AO physics.ed-ph


title: Problematic aspects of string theories and their possible resolution

abstract:
  We identify new, rather serious, physical and axiomatic inconsistencies of
the current formulation of string theories due to the lack of invariant units
necessary for measurements, lack of preservation in time of
Hermiticity-observability, and other shortcomings. We propose three novel
reformulations of string theories for {\it matter} of progressively increasing
complexity via the novel iso-, geno- and hyper-mathematics of hadronic
mechanics, which resolve the current inconsistencies, while offering new
intriguing possibilities, such as: an axiomatically consistent and invariant
formulation on curved manifolds, the reduction of macroscopic irreversibility
to the most primitive level of vibrations of the universal substratum (ether),
or the treatment of multi-valued biological structures. We then identify three
corresponding {\it classical} formulations of string theories for {\it
antimatter} via the novel anti-isomorphic isodual mathematics. We finally
outline the intriguing features of the emerging new cosmologies (including
biological structures, as it should be for all cosmologies), such as: universal
invariance (rather than covariance) under a symmetry isomorphic to the
Poincar\'e group and its isodual; equal distributions of matter and antimatter
in the universe (as a limit case); continuous creation; no need for the missing
mass; significantly reduced dimensions; possibility of experimental
identification of matter and antimatter in the universe; and identically null
total characteristics of time, energy, linear and angular momentum, charge,
etc.


title: Interfacial tension in water at solid surfaces

abstract:
  A model for the formation of cavitation nuclei in liquids has recently been
presented with basis in interfacial liquid tension at non-planar solid surfaces
of concave form. In the present paper investigations of water-solid interfaces
by atomic force microscopy are reported to illuminate experimentally effects of
interfacial liquid tension. The results support that such tension occurs and
that voids develop at solid-liquid interfaces.


title:
Coherent nuclear motion in a condensed-phase environment: Wave-packet
  approach and pump-probe spectroscopy

abstract:
  A quantum-mechanical Gaussian wave-packet approach to the theoretical
description of nuclear motions in a condensed-phase environment is developed.
General expressions for the time-dependent reduced density matrix are given for
a harmonic potential surface, and the exact quantum dynamics is found for a
microscopic system-plus-bath model. Particular attention is devoted to the
influence of initial correlations between system and bath for the outcome of a
pump-probe experiment. We show that the standard factorized preparation,
compared to a more realistic correlated preparation, leads to significantly
different stimulated emission spectra at high temperatures. Recent experiments
for the reaction center are analyzed using this formalism.


title: How harmonic is dipole resonance of metal clusters?

abstract:
  We discuss the degree of anharmonicity of dipole plasmon resonances in metal
clusters. We employ the time-dependent variational principle and show that the
relative shift of the second phonon scales as $N^{-4/3}$ in energy, $N$ being
the number of particles. This scaling property coincides with that for nuclear
giant resonances. Contrary to the previous study based on the boson-expansion
method, the deviation from the harmonic limit is found to be almost negligible
for Na clusters, the result being consistent with the recent experimental
observation.


title:
Photoionization Suppression by Continuum Coherence: Experiment and
  Theory

abstract:
  We present experimental and theoretical results of a detailed study of
laser-induced continuum structures (LICS) in the photoionization continuum of
helium out of the metastable state 2s $^1S_0$. The continuum dressing with a
1064 nm laser, couples the same region of the continuum to the {4s $^1S_0$}
state. The experimental data, presented for a range of intensities, show
pronounced ionization suppression (by as much as 70% with respect to the
far-from-resonance value) as well as enhancement, in a Beutler-Fano resonance
profile. This ionization suppression is a clear indication of population
trapping mediated by coupling to a contiuum. We present experimental results
demonstrating the effect of pulse delay upon the LICS, and for the behavior of
LICS for both weak and strong probe pulses. Simulations based upon numerical
solution of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation model the experimental results. The
atomic parameters (Rabi frequencies and Stark shifts) are calculated using a
simple model-potential method for the computation of the needed wavefunctions.
The simulations of the LICS profiles are in excellent agreement with
experiment. We also present an analytic formulation of pulsed LICS. We show
that in the case of a probe pulse shorter than the dressing one the LICS
profile is the convolution of the power spectra of the probe pulse with the
usual Fano profile of stationary LICS. We discuss some consequences of
deviation from steady-state theory.


title:
A proposal for a new type of thin-film field-emission display by edge
  breakdown of MIS structure

abstract:
  A new type of field emission display(FED) based on an edge-enhance electron
emission from metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) thin film structure is
proposed. The electrons produced by an avalanche breakdown in the semiconductor
near the edge of a top metal electrode are initially injected to the thin film
of an insulator with a negative electron affinity (NEA), and then are injected
into vacuum in proximity to the top electrode edge. The condition for the
deep-depletition breakdown near the edge of the top metal electrode is
analytically found in terms of ratio of the insulator thickness to the maximum
(breakdown) width of the semiconductor depletition region: this ratio should be
less than 2/(3 \pi - 2) = 0.27. The influence of a neighboring metal electrode
and an electrode thickness on this condition are analyzed. Different practical
schemes of the proposed display with a special reference to M/CaF_2/Si
structure are considered.


title:
Enskog-Landau kinetic equation. Calculation of the transport
  coefficients for charged hard spheres

abstract:
  Using charged hard spheres model as an example, the dense one-component
plasma is considered. For this model the Enskog-Landau kinetic equation is
obtained and its normal solution is found using the Chapman-Enskog method.
Transport coefficients are obtained numerically and analytically and compared
with the experimental data available.


title:
Normal solution to the Enskog-Landau kinetic equation. Boundary
  conditions method

abstract:
  Nonstationary and nonequilibrium processes are considered on the basis of an
Enskog-Landau kinetic equation using a boundary conditions method. A
nonstationary solution of this equation is found in the pair collision
approximation. This solution takes into account explicitly the influence of
long-range interactions. New terms to the transport coefficients are
identified. An application of the boundary conditions method to hydrodynamic
description of fast processes is discussed.


title: Four-Spinor Reference Sheets

abstract:
  Some facts about 4-spinors listed and discussed. None, well perhaps some, of
the work is original. However, locating formulas in other places has proved a
time-consuming process in which one must always worry that the formulas found
in any given source assume the other metric (I use {-1,-1,-1,+1}) or assume
some other unexpected preconditions. Here I list some formulas valid in general
representations first, then formulas using a chiral representation are
displayed, and finally formulas in a special reference frame (the rest frame of
the `current' j) in the chiral representation are listed. Some numerical and
algebraic exercises are provided.


title: Status of Muon Collider Research and Development and Future Plans

abstract:
  The status of the research on muon colliders is discussed and plans are
outlined for future theoretical and experimental studies. Besides continued
work on the parameters of a 3-4 and 0.5 TeV center-of-mass (CoM) energy
collider, many studies are now concentrating on a machine near 0.1 TeV (CoM)
that could be a factory for the s-channel production of Higgs particles. We
discuss the research on the various components in such muon colliders, starting
from the proton accelerator needed to generate pions from a heavy-Z target and
proceeding through the phase rotation and decay ($\pi \to \mu \nu_{\mu}$)
channel, muon cooling, acceleration, storage in a collider ring and the
collider detector. We also present theoretical and experimental R & D plans for
the next several years that should lead to a better understanding of the design
and feasibility issues for all of the components. This report is an update of
the progress on the R & D since the Feasibility Study of Muon Colliders
presented at the Snowmass'96 Workshop [R. B. Palmer, A. Sessler and A.
Tollestrup, Proceedings of the 1996 DPF/DPB Summer Study on High-Energy Physics
(Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA, 1997)].


title:
Normal solution and transport coefficients to the Enskog-Landau kinetic
  equation for a two-component system of charged hard spheres. The
  Chapman-Enskog method

abstract:
  An Enskog-Landau kinetic equation for a many-component system of charged hard
spheres is proposed. It has been obtained from the Liouville equation with
modified boundary conditions by the method of nonequilibrium statistical
operator. On the basis of this equation the normal solutions and transport
coefficients such as bulk kappa and shear eta viscosities, thermal conductivity
lambda, mutual diffusion D^{\alpha\beta} and thermal diffusion D_T^\alpha have
been obtained for a binary mixture in the first approximation using the
Chapman-Enskog method. Numerical calculations of all transport coefficients for
mixtures Ar-Kr, Ar-Xe, Kr-Xe with different concentrations of compounds have
been evaluated for the cases of absence and presence of long-range Coulomb
interactions. The results are compared with those obtained from other theories
and experiment.


title:
A new approach to the integration of rotational motion in systems with
  interacting rigid bodies

abstract:
  A new approach is developed to integrate numerically the equations of motion
for systems of interacting rigid polyatomic molecules. With the aid of a
leapfrog framework, we directly involve principal angular velocities into the
integration, whereas orientational positions are expressed in terms of either
principal axes or quaternions. As a result, the rigidness of molecules appears
to be an integral of motion, despite the atom trajectories are evaluated
approximately. The algorithm derived is free of any iterative procedures and it
allows to perform both energy- and temperature-conserving simulations. The
corresponding integrators are time reversible but the symplectic behaviour is
only achieved in mean. Symplectic versions are also described. The provide the
conservation of volume in phase space precisely at each time step and,
moreover, lead to exact solutions for angular velocities in the inertial-motion
regime. It is shown that the algorithm exhibits excellent stability properties
and conserves the energy even somewhat better than the atomic-constraint
technique.


title:
A new leapfrog integrator of rotational motion. The revised
  angular-momentum approach

abstract:
  A new algorithm is introduced to integrate the equations of rotational
motion. The algorithm is derived within a leapfrog framework and the quantities
involved into the integration are mid-step angular momenta and on-step
orientational positions. Contrary to the standard implicit method by Fincham
[Mol. Simul., 8, 165 (1992)], the revised angular momentum approach presented
corresponds completely to the leapfrog idea on interpolation of dynamical
variables without using any extrapolations. The proposed scheme intrinsically
preserves rigid molecular structures and considerably improves stability
properties and energy conservation. As is demonstrated on the basis of
simulations for water, it allows to reproduce correct results with extra large
step sizes of order 5 fs and 10 fs in the cases of energy- and
temperature-conserving dynamics, respectively. We show also that iterative
solutions can be avoided within our implicit scheme shifting from quaternions
to the entire rotation-matrix representation.


title:
Numerical integration of the equations of motion for rigid polyatomics:
  The matrix method

abstract:
  A new scheme for numerical integration of motion for classical systems
composed of rigid polyatomic molecules is proposed. The scheme is based on a
matrix representation of the rotational degrees of freedom. The equations of
motion are integrated within the Verlet framework in velocity form. It is shown
that, contrary to previous methods, in the approach introduced the rigidity of
molecules can be conserved automatically without any additional
transformations. A comparison of various techniques with respect to numerical
stability is made.


title:
Algorithm for numerical integration of the rigid-body equations of
  motion

abstract:
  A new algorithm for numerical integration of the rigid-body equations of
motion is proposed. The algorithm uses the leapfrog scheme and the quantities
involved are angular velocities and orientational variables which can be
expressed in terms of either principal axes or quaternions. Due to specific
features of the algorithm, orthonormality and unit norms of the orientational
variables are integrals of motion, despite an approximate character of the
produced trajectories. It is shown that the method presented appears to be the
most efficient among all known algorithms of such a kind.


title:
On the numerical integration of motion for rigid polyatomics: The
  modified quaternion approach

abstract:
  A revised version of the quaternion approach for numerical integration of the
equations of motion for rigid polyatomic molecules is proposed. The modified
approach is based on a formulation of the quaternion dynamics with constraints.
This allows to resolve the rigidity problem rigorously using constraint forces.
It is shown that the procedure for preservation of molecular rigidity can be
realized particularly simply within the Verlet algorithm in velocity form. We
demonstrate that the presented method leads to an improved numerical stability
with respect to the usual quaternion rescaling scheme and it is roughly as good
as the cumbersome atomic-constraint technique.


title: The Micro Slit Gas Detector

abstract:
  We describe the first tests with a new proportional gas detector. Its
geometry consists in slits opened in a copper metallized kapton foil with 30
micron anode strips suspended in these openings. In this way the multiplication
process is similar to a standard MSGC. The fundamental difference is the
absence of an insulating substrate around the anode. Also the material budget
is significantly reduced, and the problems related to charging-up or
polarization are removed. Ageing properties of this detector are under study.


title:
Molecular Realism in Default Models for Information Theories of
  Hydrophobic Effects

abstract:
  This letter considers several physical arguments about contributions to
hydrophobic hydration of inert gases, constructs default models to test them
within information theories, and gives information theory predictions using
those default models with moment information drawn from simulation of liquid
water. Tested physical features include: packing or steric effects, the role of
attractive forces that lower the solvent pressure, and the roughly tetrahedral
coordination of water molecules in liquid water. Packing effects (hard sphere
default model) and packing effects plus attractive forces (Lennard-Jones
default model) are ineffective in improving the prediction of hydrophobic
hydration free energies of inert gases over the previously used Gibbs and flat
default models. However, a conceptually simple cluster Poisson model that
incorporates tetrahedral coordination structure in the default model is one of
the better performers for these predictions. These results provide a partial
rationalization of the remarkable performance of the flat default model with
two moments in previous applications. The cluster Poisson default model thus
will be the subject of further refinement.


title: Ewald summation technique for interaction site models of polar fluids

abstract:
  A computer adapted fluctuation formula for the calculation of the wavevector-
and frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity for interaction site models of
polar fluids within the Ewald summation technique is proposed and applied to
molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P water. The formula is analyzed and
optimal parameters of the Ewald method are identified. A comparison of the
obtained results with those evaluated within the reaction field approach is
made.


title: On the reaction field for interaction site models of polar systems

abstract:
  It is rigorously shown that the fluctuation formula, which is used in
simulations to calculate the dielectric constant of interaction site models,
corresponds to the reaction field with an individual site cut-off rather than
with the usual molecular center of mass truncation. Within the molecular
cut-off scheme, a modified reaction field is proposed. An influence of the
truncation effects is discussed and examined by actual Monte Carlo simulations
for a MCY water model.


title:
X-Ray Diffraction by Time-Dependent Deformed Crystals: Theoretical Model
  and Numerical Analysis

abstract:
  The objective of this article is to study the behavior of electromagnetic
field under X-ray diffraction by time-dependent deformed crystals. Derived
system of differential equations looks like the Takagi equations in the case of
non-stationary crystals. This is a system of multidimensional first-order
hyperbolic equations with complex time-dependent coefficients. Efficient
difference schemes based on the multicomponent modification of the alternating
direction method are proposed. The stability and convergence of devised schemes
are proved. Numerical results are shown for the case of an ideal crystal, a
crystal heated uniformly according to a linear law and a time-varying bent
crystal. Detailed numerical studies indicate the importance of consideration
even small crystal changes.


title:
How to quantify deterministic and random influences on the statistics of
  the foreign exchange market

abstract:
  It is shown that prize changes of the US dollar - German Mark exchange rates
upon different delay times can be regarded as a stochastic Marcovian process.
Furthermore we show that from the empirical data the Kramers-Moyal coefficients
can be estimated.
  Finally, we present an explicite Fokker-Planck equation which models very
precisely the empirical probabilitiy distributions.


title: Citations and the Zipf-Mandelbrot's law

abstract:
  A curious observation was made that the rank statistics of scientific
citation numbers follows Zipf-Mandelbrot's law. The same pow-like behavior is
exhibited by some simple random citation models. The observed regularity
indicates not so much the peculiar character of the underlying (complex)
process, but more likely, than it is usually assumed, its more stochastic
nature.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-ph physics.data-an


title:
Longitudinal wavevector- and frequency-dependent dielectric constant of
  the TIP4P water model

abstract:
  A computer adapted theory for self-consistent calculations of the wavevector-
and frequency-dependent dielectric constant for interaction site models of
polar systems is proposed. A longitudinal component of the dielectric constant
is evaluated for the TIP4P water model in a very wide scale of wavenumbers and
frequencies using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that values for
the dielectric permittivity, calculated within the exact interaction site
description, differ in a characteristic way from those obtained by the point
dipole approximation which is usually used in computer experiment. It is also
shown that the libration oscillations, existing in the shape of longitudinal
time-dependent polarization fluctuations at small and intermediate wavevector
values, vanish however for bigger wavenumbers. A comparison between the
wavevector and frequency behaviour of the dielectric constant for the TIP4P
water and the Stockmayer model is made. The static screening of external
charges and damping of longitudinal electric excitations in water are
considered as well. A special investigation is devoted to the time dependence
of dielectric quantities in the free motion regime.


title:
Certainty and Uncertainty in the Practice of Science: Electrons, Muons,
  and Taus

abstract:
  During the past one hundred years three related elementary particles - the
electron, the muon, and the tau - were discovered by very different scientific
techniques. The author, who received the Wolf Prize and the Nobel Prize for the
discovery of the tau, uses this history to discuss certainty and uncertainty in
the practice of science. While the emphasis is on the practice of scientific
research, the paper also explains for the non-physicist some basic ideas in
elementary particle science.


title:
I. Electron and Proton Spin Polarisation in Storage Rings ---an
  Introduction

abstract:
  This article provides a unified introduction to the theory of electron and
proton spin polarisation in storage rings and it provides a common starting
point for the written versions of the four talks that I gave at Monterey


title:
The Poincare Group is deduced from the Logic Properties of the
  Information

abstract:
  The principal time properties - the one-dimensionality and the
irreversibility -, the space metric properties and the spatial-temporal
principles of the theory of the relativity are deduced from three natural logic
properties of the information, obtained by a physics device. Hence, the
transformations of the complete Poincare group are deduced from that.


title: Acceleration and Storage of Polarized Electron Beams

abstract:
  I review recent developments in spin dynamics in electron storage rings and
accelerators.


title: II. Longitudinal Electron Spin Polarisation at 27.5 GeV in HERA

abstract:
  The first attainment of longitudinal spin polarisation in a high energy
electron (positron) storage ring is described.


title:
III. The Permissible Equilibrium Polarisation Distribution in a Stored
  Proton Beam

abstract:
  We illustrate the use of the invariant spin field for describing permissible
equilibrium spin distributions in high energy spin polarised proton beams.}


title:
IV. Unruh Effect, Spin Polarisation and the Derbenev-Kondratenko
  Formalism

abstract:
  The relationship between the level of spin polarisation caused by Unruh
radiation as calculated by Bell and Leinaas and that obtained from the
Derbenev-Kondratenko formalism is explained.


title:
V. The Semiclassical Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation and the Derivation
  of the Bloch Equation for Spin-1/2 Polarised Beams Using Wigner Functions

abstract:
  A semiclassical Foldy--Wouthuysen transformation of the Dirac equation is
used to obtain the radiationless Bloch equation for the polarisation density.


title:
Spin transport, spin diffusion and Bloch equations in electron storage
  rings

abstract:
  We show how, beginning with the Fokker--Planck equation for electrons
emitting synchrotron radiation in a storage ring, the corresponding equation
for spin motion can be constructed. This is an equation of the Bloch type for
the polarisation density.

categories: physics.acc-ph cond-mat physics.class-ph quant-ph


title: Vibrating Wire for Beam Profile Scanning

abstract:
  The method for measurement of transverse profile (emittance) of the bunch by
detecting of radiation arising scattering at of the bunch on the scanning wire
is wide-spread. In this work the information about scattering bunch is proposed
to measure using the oscillation frequency of the tightened scanning wire. In
such way the system of radiation (or secondary particles) extraction and
measurement can be removed. Dependence of oscillations frequency on beam
scattering is determined by several factors, including changes of wire tension
caused by transverse force of the beam, influence of beam self field.
Preliminary calculations show that influence caused by wire heating will
dominate. We have studied strain gauges on the basis of vibrating wire from
various materials (tungsten, beryl bronze, niobium zirconium alloys). A scheme
of self oscillations generation by alternating current in autogeneration
circuit with automatic frequency adjustment was selected. Special method of
wire fixation and elimination of transverse degrees of freedom allow to achieve
relative stability better than 1E-5 during several days. For a tungsten wire
with a fixed end dependence of frequency on temperature was 1E-5/K.
Experimental results and estimates of wire heating of existing scanners show,
that the wire heats up to a few hundred grades, which is enough for
measurements.


title:
Exact charge conservation scheme for Particle-in-Cell simulations for a
  big class of form-factors

abstract:
  As an alternative to solving of Poisson equation in Particle-in-Cell methods,
a new construction of current density exactly satisfying continuity equation in
finite differences is developed. This procedure called density decomposition is
proved to be the only possible linear procedure for defining the current
density associated with the motion of a particle. Density decomposition is
valid at least for any n-dimensional form-factor which is the product of
one-dimensional form-factors. The algorithm is demonstrated for parabolic
spline form-factor.


title:
Transverse wavevector dependent and frequency dependent dielectric
  function, magnetic permittivity and generalized conductivity of interaction
  site fluids. MD calculations for the TIP4P water

abstract:
  It is shown that the dielectric properties of interaction site models of
polar fluids can be investigated in computer experiment using not only the
charge fluctuations but also correlations corresponding to a current of moving
charges. This current can be associated with a generalized dynamical
polarization or separated into electric and magnetic components. The first
approach deals with the dielectric permittivity related to a generalized
conductivity, whereas the second one leads to the functions describing
polarization and magnetization fluctuations separately. The last way is only
the source to calculate the magnetic susceptibility for a system of interaction
sites. The transverse wavevector- and frequency-dependent dielectric functions
and magnetic susceptibility are evaluated for the TIP4P water model in a very
wide scale of wavelengths and frequencies using molecular dynamics simulations.
We demonstrate that the transverse part of the dielectric functions may differ
drastically from their longitudinal component. A relationship between the two
approaches is discussed and the limiting transition to the static dielectric
constant in the infinite-wavelength regime is analyzed. The propagation of
transverse electromagnetic waves in the TIP4P water is also considered.


title:
Comment to the paper "The energy conservation law for electromagnetic
  field in application to problems of radiation of moving particles "

abstract:
  In the paper [B.M.Bolotovskii, S.N.Stoliarov, Uspekhi Fizicheskich Nauk,
v.162, No 3, p.195, 1992] the energy conservation law was applied to a problem
of radiation of a charged particle in an external electromagnetic field. The
authors consecutively and mathematically strictly solved the problem but
received wrong result. They derived an expression which includes a change of
the energies of the electromagnetic fields accompanying the moving particle
corresponding to the initial and final velocity of the particle. The energy of
the field accompanying the particle is the energy of the particle of the
electromagnetic origin. It should not enter the solution of the problem. The
origin of the mistake made by the authors is discussed in this comment.


title: Time Series Forecasting: A Multivariate Stochastic Approach

abstract:
  This note deals with a multivariate stochastic approach to forecast the
behaviour of a cyclic time series. Particular attention is devoted to the
problem of the prediction of time behaviour of sunspot numbers for the current
23th cycle. The idea is to consider the previous known n cycles as n particular
realizations of a given stochastic process. The aim is to predict the future
behaviour of the current n+1th realization given a portion of the curve and the
structure of the previous n realizations. The model derived is based on the
cross-correlations between the current n+1th realization and the previous n
ones and the solution of the related least squares problem. As example we
applied the method to smoothed monthly sunspots numbers from SIDC archives, in
order to predict the behaviour of the current 23th solar cycle.


title:
One-Dimensional Central-Force Problem for Sommerfeld Sphere in Classical
  Electrodynamics: Some Numerical Results

abstract:
  Equation of motion of Sommerfeld sphere in the field of Coulomb center is
numerically investigated. It is shown that contrary to Lorentz-Dirac equation
in the attractive case there are physical solutions. In the repulsive case
sphere gains less energy then that should be according to relativistic equation
of motion of point charge without radiation force.


title: Cooperative Model of Bacterial Sensing

abstract:
  Bacterial chemotaxis is controlled by the signalling of a cluster of
receptors. A cooperative model is presented, in which coupling between
neighbouring receptor dimers enhances the sensitivity with which stimuli can be
detected, without diminishing the range of chemoeffector concentration over
which chemotaxis can operate. Individual receptor dimers have two stable
conformational states: one active, one inactive. Noise gives rise to a
distribution between these states, with the probability influenced by ligand
binding, and also by the conformational states of adjacent receptor dimers. The
two-state model is solved, based on an equivalence with the Ising model in a
randomly distributed magnetic field. The model has only two effective
parameters, and unifies a number of experimental findings. According to the
value of the parameter comparing coupling and noise, the signal can be
arbitrarily sensitive to changes in the fraction of receptor dimers to which
ligand is bound. The counteracting effect of a change of methylation level is
mapped to an induced field in the Ising model. By returning the activity to the
pre-stimulus level, this adapts the receptor cluster to a new ambient
concentration of chemoeffector and ensures that a sensitive response can be
maintained over a wide range of concentrations.


title: Adaptive Ising Model and Bacterial Chemotactic Receptor Network

abstract:
  We present a so-called adaptive Ising model (AIM) to provide a unifying
explanation for sensitivity and perfect adaptation in bacterial chemotactic
signalling, based on coupling among receptor dimers. In an AIM, an external
field, representing ligand binding, is randomly applied to a fraction of spins,
representing the states of the receptor dimers, and there is a delayed negative
feedback from the spin value on the local field. This model is solved in an
adiabatic approach. If the feedback is slow and weak enough, as indeed in
chemotactic signalling, the system evolves through quasi-equilibrium states and
the ``magnetization'', representing the signal, always attenuates towards zero
and is always sensitive to a subsequent stimulus.


title:
An Efficient Molecular Dynamics Scheme for the Calculation of Dopant
  Profiles due to Ion Implantation

abstract:
  We present a highly efficient molecular dynamics scheme for calculating the
concentration depth profile of dopants in ion irradiated materials. The scheme
incorporates several methods for reducing the computational overhead, plus a
rare event algorithm that allows statistically reliable results to be obtained
over a range of several orders of magnitude in the dopant concentration.
  We give examples of using this scheme for calculating concentration profiles
of dopants in crystalline silicon. Here we can predict the experimental profile
over five orders of magnitude for both channeling and non-channeling implants
at energies up to 100s of keV.
  The scheme has advantages over binary collision approximation (BCA)
simulations, in that it does not rely on a large set of empirically fitted
parameters. Although our scheme has a greater computational overhead than the
BCA, it is far superior in the low ion energy regime, where the BCA scheme
becomes invalid.


title: Vortex shedding in a model of superflow

abstract:
  The present article represents part of the PhD. dissertation by C. Josserand.
We discuss the nucleation of quantized vortices in the nonlinear
Schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLS) for a flow around a disk in two spatial
dimensions. It appears that the vortices are nucleated when the flow becomes
locally (at the edge of the disk) supersonic. A detailed study of the phase
equation for the complex field $\psi$ gives an Euler-Tricomi type equation for
the stationary solutions below threshold. This equation is closely related to
the one known in shock wave dynamics for gas. Then using solvability condition,
we extract a time-dependent scenario for the evolution of the amplitude of the
solution, which we, finally, relate to a known family solution of NLS which
gives rise to a vortex nucleation. We also give a first order correction at the
Landau velocity of nucleation, taking into account the geometry of the flow.


title:
A phenomenological electronic stopping power model for molecular
  dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation of ion implantation into silicon

abstract:
  It is crucial to have a good phenomenological model of electronic stopping
power for modeling the physics of ion implantation into crystalline silicon. In
the spirit of the Brandt-Kitagawa effective charge theory, we develop a model
for electronic stopping power for an ion, which can be factorized into (i) a
globally averaged effective charge taking into account effects of close and
distant collisions by target electrons with the ion, and (ii) a local charge
density dependent electronic stopping power for a proton. This phenomenological
model is implemented into both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.
There is only one free parameter in the model, namely, the one electron radius
rs0 for unbound electrons. By fine tuning this parameter, it is shown that the
model can work successfully for both boron and arsenic implants. We report that
the results of the dopant profile simulation for both species are in excellent
agreement with the experimental profiles measured by secondary-ion mass
spectrometry(SIMS) over a wide range of energies and with different incident
directions. We point out that the model has wide applicability, for it captures
the correct physics of electronic stopping in ion implantation. This model also
provides a good physically-based damping mechanism for molecular dynamics
simulations in the electronic stopping power regime, as evidenced by the
striking agreement of dopant profiles calculated in our molecular dynamics
simulations with the SIMS data.


title:
Simulation of phosphorus implantation into silicon with a
  single-parameter electronic stopping power model

abstract:
  We simulate dopant profiles for phosphorus implantation into silicon using a
new model for electronic stopping power. In this model, the electronic stopping
power is factorized into a globally averaged effective charge Z1*, and a local
charge density dependent electronic stopping power for a proton. There is only
a single adjustable parameter in the model, namely the one electron radius rs0
which controls Z1*. By fine tuning this parameter, we obtain excellent
agreement between simulated dopant profiles and the SIMS data over a wide range
of energies for the channeling case. Our work provides a further example of
implant species, in addition to boron and arsenic, to verify the validity of
the electronic stopping power model and to illustrate its generality for
studies of physical processes involving electronic stopping.


title: Gravimetric Measurement of Magnetic Field Gradient Spatial Distribution

abstract:
  Magnetic interaction between a weighing sample and an external magnetic field
allows to measure characteristics of magnetic field (a sample with known
magnetic characteristics), as well as the magnetic properties of a sample (a
known magnetic field). Measurement of materials magnetic permeability is a well
known application of this method. In this paper we restrict ourselves to the
measurement of magnetic field spatial distribution, which was achieved by
scanning of samples from known materials along the vertical axis. Field
measurements by Hall detector were done to calibrate obtained data. Such
measurements are of great interest in some branches of physics, in particular,
in accelerator physics, where the quality of magnetic system parts eventually
determine the quality of accelerated bunches. Development of a simple and cheep
device for measurement of magnetic field spatial distribution is an urgent
problem. The developed system for gravimetric measurement of magnetic field
gradients partially solves this problem.


title:
Excitation of Electromagnetic Wake Fields by one-dimensional Electron
  Bunch in Plasma in the Presence of Circularly Polarized Intense
  Electromagnetic Wave

abstract:
  The excitation of electromagnetic (EM) wake waves in electron plasma by an
one-dimensional bunch of charged particles has been considered in the presence
of intense monochromatic circularly polarized electromagnetic (CPEM) pump wave.
In the zero state (in the absence of bunch) the interaction of the pump wave
with plasma is described by means of Maxwell equations and relativistic
nonlinear hydrodynamic equations of cold plasma. The excitation of linear waves
by one-dimensional bunch is considered on this background. It is shown that
there are three types of solutions of linear equations obtained for induced
waves corresponding to three ranges of parameter values of the pump wave, bunch
and plasma. In the first range of parameter values the amplitude of transverse
components of induced waves is shown to grow as the bunch energy and after some
value of the relativistic factor of the bunch to be almost independent of the
energy and increase proportional to the intensity and frequency of the pump
wave. The dependence of longitudinal component of induced waves on the
relativistic factor of the bunch is weak. Its amplitude and wavelength grow as
the intensity of pump wave. The second range of parameters is a resonance one.
The amplitude of the wave excited by the bunch is a linear function of the
distance to the bunch. In the third range of parameter values the longitudinal
component of induced fields are localized near the bunch boundaries and are
exponentially decreased with the increase in distance from these boundaries.
The amplitudes of transverse components of induced waves reach a constant value
with the distance from the bunch boundaries.


title: Point-like Particles in Fuzzy Space-time

abstract:
  This paper is withdrawn as I am no longer using the term "fuzzy space- time"
to describe the uncertainty in co-ordinate systems implicit in quantum logic.
Nor am I using the interpretation that quantum logic can be regarded as a
special case of fuzzy logic. This is because there are sufficient differences
between quantum logic and fuzzy logic that the explanation is confusing. I give
an interpretation of quantum logic in "A Theory of Quantum Space-time"


title: How High Can The U-CAS Fly?

abstract:
  The U-CAS is a spinning magnetized top that is levitated in a static magnetic
field. The field is produced by a permanent magnet base, positioned below the
hovering top. In this paper we derive upper and lower bounds for h - the
maximum hovering height of this top. We show that the bounds are of the form
a*L where a is a dimensionless number ranging from about 1 to 12, depending on
the constraints on the shape of the base and on stability considerations, and L
is a characteristic length for the problem. For modern permanent magnets we
find that L=~1[meter], thus limiting h to about few meters.


title:
Convection and heat transfer in liquid under low gravity conditions and
  thermocapillary effects

abstract:
  The two-dimensional flow of viscous incompressible liquid in a square cavity
with a free boundary and differentially heated vertical sides is considered in
the present work. The influence of gravitational and thermocapillary convection
on temperature and velocity fields is studied in large range of dimensionless
parameters and similarity criteria using equations in a Boussinesq
approximation. Limiting cases of dimensionless parameters are analyzed
numerically.


title:
Effect of histamine on the electric activities of cerebellar Purkinje
  cell

abstract:
  The effect of histamine (HA) on the electric activities of Purkinje cell (PC)
is studied on the cerebellum slice. We find that: (1) HA's main effect on PC is
excitative (72.9%); there are also a small amount of PC showing inhibitive
(10.2%) or no (16.9%) response to HA. (2) Different from the conventional
opinion, HA's excitative effect on PC is mutually conducted by H1 and H2
receptors; the antagonist for H1 receptor could weaken HA's excitative effect
on PC, while the antagonist for H2 receptor could weaken or even block the
excitative effect of HA on PC. (3) PC's reaction to HA is related to its
intrinsic discharge frequency; there exists a frequency at which PC is highly
sensitive to HA, and well above this frequency PC becomes stable against HA.
These results indicate that the histaminergic afferent fibre can adjust PC's
electric activities by releasing HA, and thereby influence the global function
of the cerebellar cortex; and that just like the $\gamma $ region of cerebrum,
cerebellum may also have some sort of characteristic frequency.


title:
A Bayesian test for the appropriateness of a model in the biomagnetic
  inverse problem

abstract:
  This paper extends the work of Clarke [1] on the Bayesian foundations of the
biomagnetic inverse problem. It derives expressions for the expectation and
variance of the a posteriori source current probability distribution given a
prior source current probability distribution, a source space weight function
and a data set. The calculation of the variance enables the construction of a
Bayesian test for the appropriateness of any source model that is chosen as the
a priori infomation. The test is illustrated using both simulated
(multi-dipole) data and the results of a study of early latency processing of
images of human faces.
  [1] C.J.S. Clarke. Error estimates in the biomagnetic inverse problem.
Inverse Problems, 10:77--86, 1994.


title:
Front dynamics during diffusion-limited corrosion of ramified
  electrodeposits

abstract:
  Experiments on the diffusion-limited corrosion of porous copper clusters in
thin gap cells containing cupric chloride are reported. By carefully comparing
corrosion front velocities and concentration profiles obtained by phase-shift
interferometry with theoretical predictions, it is demonstrated that this
process is well-described by a one-dimensional mean-field model for the generic
reaction A + B (static) -> C (inert) with only diffusing reactant (cupric
chloride) and one static reactant (copper) reacting to produce an inert product
(cuprous chloride). The interpretation of the experiments is aided by a
mathematical analysis of the model equations which allows the reaction-order
and the transference number of the diffusing species to be inferred. Physical
arguments are given to explain the surprising relevance of the one-dimensional
mean-field model in spite of the complex (fractal) structure of the copper
clusters.


title: Getting Physics Data From the CMS ECAL Construction Database

abstract:
  CMS ECAL physicists must be able to extract physics characteristics from the
ECAL construction database for the calibration of sets of detector components.
Other applications, such as geometry for simulation and physics event
reconstruction, will also need to extract data from the construction database.
In each case, application software needs to query the construction database and
to extract data that satisfies a particular view. These viewpoints are defined
for a specific purpose (e.g. simulation, slow control, calibration) and data
must be extracted into the viewpoint for a set of defined detector components
(e.g. readout channels) called physics elements.
  The ECAL construction database follows an object-oriented design to maximise
flexibility and reusability. An meta-modelling approach has been taken in its
design, which promotes self-description and a degree of data independence. A
query facility is being provided to allow navigation around so-called
meta-objects in the construction database, facilitating the extraction of
physics data into a particular viewpoint. This paper outlines how viewpoints
can be populated with data extracted from the construction database, for a set
of detector elements relevant for analysis.


title: The energy conservation law in classical electrodynamics

abstract:
  In the framework of the classical Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics the energy
conservation law is reconsidered.


title: Many-electron tunneling in atoms

abstract:
  A theoretical derivation is given for the formula describing N-electron
ionization of atom by a dc field and laser radiation in tunneling regime.
Numerical examples are presented for noble gases atoms.


title:
Experimental evidence of a phase transition to fully developed
  turbulence in a wake flow

abstract:
  The transition to fully developed turbulence of a wake behind a circular
cylinder is investigated with respect to its statistics. In particular, we
evaluated the probability density functions of velocity increments on different
length scales $r$. Evidence is presented that the $r$-dependence of the
velocity increments can be taken as Markov processes in the far field, as well
as, in the near field of the cylinder wake. With the estimation of the
deterministic part of these Markov processes, as a function of the distance
from the cylinder, we are able to set the transition to fully developed
turbulence in analogy with a phase transition. We propose that the appearing
order parameter corresponds to the presence of large scale coherent structures
close to the cylinder.


title:
A Compton Backscattering Polarimeter for Measuring Longitudinal Electron
  Polarization

abstract:
  Compton backscattering polarimetry provides a fast and accurate method to
measure the polarization of an electron beam in a storage ring. Since the
method is non-destructive, the polarization of the electron beam can be
monitored during internal target experiments. For this reason, a Compton
polarimeter has been constructed at NIKHEF to measure the polarization of the
longitudinally polarized electrons which can be stored in the AmPS ring. The
design and results of the polarimeter, the first Compton polarimeter to measure
the polarization of a stored longitudinally polarized electron beam directly,
are presented in this paper.


title: The Hydrogen Atom of Bohr I: Own Life Time of an Excited Single Atom

abstract:
  In this paper it is shown that if one accept assumption of de Broglie that
"unitary wave-particle" exists simultaneously and this coexistence is real,
then one can find the mean life time of the hydrogen atom of Bohr
(intensities).


abstract:
  Compton backscattering polarimetry provides a fast measurement of the
polarization of an electron beam in a storage ring. Since the method is
non-destructive, the polarization of the electrons can be monitored during
internal target experiments. At NIKHEF a Compton polarimeter has been
constructed to measure the polarization of the longitudinally polarized
electrons stored in the AmPS ring. First results obtained with the polarimeter,
the first Compton polarimeter to measure the polarization of a stored
longitudinally polarized electron beam, are presented in this paper.


title: Theoretical Study of Phase Conjugation in Mesoscopic Interaction Volumes

abstract:
  In order to study the possible phase conjugation of optical near-fields, it
is necessary to go beyond the slowly varying envelope- and electric dipole
approximations that are normally applied in phase conjugation studies where
spatially non-decaying (or at least slowly decaying) modes are mixed. In the
present dissertation, the minimal coupling Hamiltonian is used to create a
microscopic theoretical description of degenerate four-wave mixing. It is a
semiclassical description where the electromagnetic field is treated as a
classical quantity and the active medium is treated quantum mechanically.
Numerical results are given for a single-level quantum well (exclusively
intraband contributions) and for a two-level quantum well (mainly interband
contribution). Focusing of a phase conjugated field is also discussed.
(Full-length abstracts in Danish and English included).


title: Solar wind acceleration by the dissipation of Alfven waves

abstract:
  Axford and McKenzie [1992] suggested that the energy released in impulsive
reconnection events generates high frequency Alfv\'en waves. The kinetic
equation for spectral energy density of waves is derived in the random phase
approximation. Solving this equation we find the wave spectrum with the power
law ``-1'' in the low frequency range which is matched to the spectrum above
the spectral brake with the power low ``-1.6.'' The heating rate of solar wind
protons due to the dissipation of Alfv\'en waves is obtained.


title:
An exact determination of the electron exchange-correlation energies of
  Be, B, and C

abstract:
  We show in this note how many electron irreducible representations of the
Lorentz group L can be expressed in terms of the sums of Slater determinants
and principal minors. In this way the full configuration wave function of
quantum chemistry is derived without any appeal to the Schrodinger equation and
Born-Oppenheimer approximation. In particular the number n of
exchange-correlations between the orbiting electrons and those in the nucleus
may be calculated and therefore the ground state electronic
exchange-correlation energy E readily obtained by dividing the atomic energies
by n. Comparison with measured atomic energies yields values of E very close to
-1 hartrees for the 3 neutral atoms Be, B, and C. This tallies within a few
percent with the best available E estimates. Although calculations were
performed for only 3 atoms the method is perfectly general, however because E
is estimated for metals only, gases are not considered in this paper. The
intimate relationship with density function theory is discussed in the
conclusion.


title: Physics Opportunities at a Muon Collider

abstract:
  The case for a future high-energy collider based on muon beams is briefly
reviewed.


title:
One-Dimensional Motion of Sommerfeld Sphere in Potential Hole in
  Classical Electrodynamics: Inside the Hole

abstract:
  Equation of motion of Sommerfeld sphere in the one-dimensional potential
hole, produced by two equal charges on some distance from each other, is
numerically investigated. Two types of solutions are found: (i) damping
oscillations, (ii) oscillations without damping (radiationless motion).
Solutions with growing amplitude ("climbing-up-the-wall solution") for chosen
initial conditions were not founded.


title: The ground-state spectroscopic constants of Be_2 revisited

abstract:
  Extensive ab initio calibration calculations combined with extrapolations
towards the infinite-basis limit lead to a ground-state dissociation energy of
Be_2, D_e=944 \pm 25 1/cm, substantially higher than the accepted experimental
value, and confirming recent theoretical findings. Our best computed
spectroscopic observables (expt. values in parameters) are G(1)-G(0)=223.7
(223.8), G(2)-G(1)=173.8 (169 \pm 3), G(3)-G(2)=125.4 (122 \pm 3), and
B_0=0.6086 (0.609) 1/cm; revised spectroscopic constants are proposed.
Multireference calculations based on a full valence CAS(4/8) reference suffer
from an unbalanced description of angular correlation; for the utmost accuracy,
a CAS(4/16) reference including the $(3s,3p)$ orbitals is required, while for
less accurate work a CAS(4/4) reference is recommended. The quality of computed
coupled cluster results depends crucially on the description of connected
triple excitations; the CC5SD(T) method yields unusually good results because
of an error compensation.


title:
Driving the atom by atomic fluorescence: analytic results for the power
  and noise spectra

abstract:
  We study how the spectral properties of resonance fluorescence propagate
through a two-atom system. Within the weak-driving-field approximation we find
that, as we go from one atom to the next, the power spectrum exhibits both
sub-natural linewidth narrowing and large asymmetries while the spectrum of
squeezing narrows but remains otherwise unchanged. Analytical results for the
observed spectral features of the fluorescence are provided and their origin is
thoroughly discussed.


title: Collective motion of organisms in three dimensions

abstract:
  We study a model of flocking in order to describe the transitions during the
collective motion of organisms in three dimensions (e.g., birds). In this model
the particles representing the organisms are self-propelled, i.e., they move
with the same absolute velocity. In addition, the particles locally interact by
choosing at each time step the average direction of motion of their neighbors
and the effects of fluctuations are taken into account as well. We present the
first results for large scale flocking in the presence of noise in three
dimensions. We show that depending on the control parameters both disordered
and long-range ordered phases can be observed. The corresponding phase diagram
has a number of features which are qualitatively different from those typical
for the analogous equilibrium models.


title: Exponential Distribution of Locomotion Activity in Cell Cultures

abstract:
  In vitro velocities of several cell types have been measured using computer
controlled video microscopy, which allowed to record the cells' trajectories
over several days. On the basis of our large data sets we show that the
locomotion activity displays a universal exponential distribution. Thus, motion
resulting from complex cellular processes can be well described by an
unexpected, but very simple distribution function. A simple phenomenological
model based on the interaction of various cellular processes and finite ATP
production rate is proposed to explain these experimental results.


title: Collective Motion

abstract:
  With the aim of understanding the emergence of collective motion from local
interactions of organisms in a "noisy" environment, we study biologically
inspired, inherently non-equilibrium models consisting of self-propelled
particles. In these models particles interact with their neighbors by turning
towards the local average direction of motion. In the limit of vanishing
velocities this behavior results in a dynamics analogous to some Monte Carlo
realization of equilibrium ferromagnets. However, numerical simulations
indicate the existence of new types of phase transitions which are not present
in the corresponding ferromagnets. In particular, here we demonstrate both
numerically and analytically that even in certain one dimensional
self-propelled particle systems an ordered phase exists for finite noise
levels.


title:
Locomotion and proliferation of glioblastoma cells in vitro: statistical
  evaluation of videomicroscopic observations

abstract:
  Long-term videomicroscopy and computer-aided statistical analysis were used
to determine some characteristic parameters of in vitro cell motility and
proliferation in three established cell lines derived from human glioblastoma
tumors. Migration and proliferation activities were compared among the three
cell lines since these are two features of tumor cells that strongly influence
the progression of cancer. The results on these dynamical parameters of cell
locomotion were compared to pathological data obtained by traditional methods.
The data indicate that the analysis of cell motility provides more specific
information and is potentially useful in diagnosis.


title:
Dissociative Autoionization in (1+2)-photon Above Threshold Excitation
  of H2 Molecules

abstract:
  We have theoretically studied the effect of dissociative autoionization on
the photoelectron energy spectrum in (1+2)-photon above threshold
ionization(ATI) of H2 molecules. We have considered excitation from the ground
state X-singlet-Sigma-g+(v=0,j) to the doubly excited autoionizing states of
singlet-Sigma-u+ and singlet-Pi-u+ symmetry, via the intermediate resonant
B-singlet-Sigma-u+(v=5,j) states. We have shown that the photoelectron energy
spectrum is oscillatory in nature and shows three distinct peaks above the
photoelectron energy 0.7 eV. This feature has been observed in a recent
experiment by Rottke et al, J. Phys. B, Vol. 30, p-4049 (1997).


title:
Electron affinities of the first- and second- row atoms: benchmark ab
  initio and density functional calculations

abstract:
  A benchmark ab initio and density functional (DFT) study has been carried out
on the electron affinities of the first- and second-row atoms. The ab initio
study involves basis sets of $spdfgh$ and $spdfghi$ quality, extrapolations to
the 1-particle basis set limit, and a combination of the CCSD(T), CCSDT, and
full CI electron correlation methods. Scalar relativistic and spin-orbit
coupling effects were taken into account. On average, the best ab initio
results agree to better than 0.001 eV with the most recent experimental
results. Correcting for imperfections in the CCSD(T) method improves the mean
absolute error by an order of magnitude, while for accurate results on the
second-row atoms inclusion of relativistic corrections is essential. The latter
are significantly overestimated at the SCF level; for accurate spin-orbit
splitting constants of second-row atoms inclusion of (2s,2p) correlation is
essential. In the DFT calculations it is found that results for the 1st-row
atoms are very sensitive to the exchange functional, while those for second-row
atoms are rather more sensitive to the correlation functional. While the LYP
correlation functional works best for first-row atoms, its PW91 counterpart
appears to be preferable for second-row atoms. Among ``pure DFT'' (nonhybrid)
functionals, G96PW91 (Gill 1996 exchange combined with Perdew-Wang 1991
correlation) puts in the best overall performance. The best results overall are
obtained with the 1-parameter hybrid modified Perdew-Wang (mPW1) exchange
functionals of Adamo and Barone [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 108}, 664 (1998)], with
mPW1LYP yielding the best results for first-row, and mPW1PW91 for second-row
atoms. Indications exist that a hybrid of the type $a$ mPW1LYP + $(1-a)$
mPW1PW91 yields better results than either of the constituent functionals.


title: On The Measurement of Photon Flux in Parametric Down Conversion

abstract:
  We report the measurement of the photons flux produced in parametric
down-conversion, performed in photon counting regime with actively quenched
silicon avalanche photodiodes as single photon detectors. Measurements are done
with the detector in a well defined geometrical and spectral situation. By
comparison of the experimental data with the theory, a value for the second
order susceptibilities of the non linear crystal can be inferred.


title: Modified Bloch equations in presence of a nonstationary bath

abstract:
  Based on the system-reservoir description we propose a simple solvable
microscopic model for a nonequilibrium bath. This captures the essential
features of a nonstationary quantum Markov process. We establish an appropriate
generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation relation pertaining to this
process and explore the essential modifications of the Bloch equations to
reveal the nonexponential decay of the Bloch vector components and transient
spectral broadening in resonance fluorescence. We discuss a simple experimental
scheme to verify the theoretical results.


title:
Does the Quantum Vacuum Fall Near the Earth? The Downward Acceleration
  of the Quantum Vacuum is Responsible for the Equivalence Principle

abstract:
  The downward acceleration of the virtual electrically charged fermion
particles of the quantum vacuum is responsible for the Einstein Weak
Equivalence Principle and for our perception of 4D space-time curvature near
the earth. Since the virtual fermion particles of the quantum vacuum (virtual
electrons for example) possess mass, we assume that during their short
lifetimes the virtual fermions are in a state of downward acceleration (or
free-fall) near the earth. Many of the virtual fermions also possess electrical
charge, and are thus capable of interacting electrically with a real test mass,
since a test mass is composed of real, electrically charged, fermion particles.
The electrical interaction between the downward accelerated virtual fermions
with nearby light or matter is responsible for the equivalence of inertial and
gravitational mass, and also responsible for our perception of 4D space-time
curvature near the earth. In pure accelerated frames the apparent acceleration
of the virtual particles of the quantum vacuum is caused by the actual
accelerated motion of a test mass. An opposition to acceleration is felt by the
mass that is proportional to the magnitude of the mass, according to F=MA. This
process is responsible for inertia, and the exact reverse process is
responsible for the magnitude of the gravitational mass. This is why inertial
and gravitational mass are equal.


title:
A Method to Determine the In-Air Spatial Spread of Clinical Electron
  Beams

abstract:
  We propose and analyze in detail a method to measure the in-air spatial
spread parameter of clinical electron beams. Measurements are performed at the
center of the beam and below the adjustable collimators sited in asymmetrical
configuration in order to avoid the distortions due to the presence of the
applicator. The main advantage of our procedure lies in the fact that the dose
profiles are fitted by means of a function which includes, additionally to the
Gaussian step usually considered, a background which takes care of the dose
produced by different mechanisms that the Gaussian model does not account for.
As a result, the spatial spread is obtained directly from the fitting procedure
and the accuracy permits a good determination of the angular spread. The way
the analysis is done is alternative to that followed by the usual methods based
on the evaluation of the penumbra width. Besides, the spatial spread found
shows the quadratic-cubic dependence with the distance to the source predicted
by the Fermi-Eyges theory. However, the corresponding values obtained for the
scattering power are differing from those quoted by ICRU nr. 35 by a factor ~2
or larger, what requires of a more detailed investigation.


title:
Strong dependence of multiphoton detachment rates on the asymptotic
  behaviour of the ground-state wave function

abstract:
  Two-photon detachment from the F-minus negative ion is investigated within
the lowest order of perturbation theory. We show that in accordance with the
adiabatic theory a proper asymptotic behaviour of the 2p bound state wave
function is crucial for obtaining correct absolute values of the multiphoton
detachment cross sections. We find that the latter are substantially higher
than it was previously believed.


title: Probability and Dirac equation

abstract:
  The Dirac equation is deduced from the probability properties by the Poincare
group transformations.


title:
Quantum Theory of High Harmonic Generation via Above Threshold
  Ionization and Stimulated Recombination

abstract:
  Fully quantum treatment explicitly presents the high harmonic generation as a
three-stage process: above threshold ionization (ATI) is followed by the
continuum electron propagation in a laser field and subsequent stimulated
recombination back into the initial state. The contributions of all ATI
channels add up coherently. All three stages of the process are described by
simple, mostly analytical expressions. A very good quantitative agreement with
the previous calculations on the harmonic generation by H$^-$ ion is
demonstrated, thus supplementing the conceptual significance of the theory with
its practical efficiency.


title:
Special Relativity Theory and Cellular Automata: Light as a Cellular
  Automata Process

abstract:
  A new formulation of special relativity is described. It is based on a
postulate that the universe is a vast Cellular Automata (CA). We show that any
CA model automatically leads to a maximum speed limit for the transfer of
information from place to place in CA space, and hence leads to strict physical
locality of all physical interactions. Furthermore, we show that the Lorentz
transformation follows mathematically from CA theory, where photon propagation
is postulated to be the simply shifting of the photon information pattern from
cell to adjacent cell in every CA 'clock cycle' (which incidently is simplest
possible CA 'motion'). Minkowski 4D flat space-time of special relativity can
be seen as the direct consequence of the low level universal CA processes, seen
by inertial observers with ordinary measuring instruments, and who are not
aware of, and cannot measure with the true absolute units of CA space and time.


title:
The Electromagnetic Quantum Gravity Theory: On Quantum Inertia and the
  Einstein Principle of Equivalence

abstract:
  On a new approach to quantum gravity called Electro-Magnetic Quantum Gravity
(EMQG) which is manifestly compatible with Cellular Automata (CA) theory and is
based on a new theory of inertia (ref. 5) proposed by R. Haisch, A. Rueda, and
H. Puthoff (which we modified and called Quantum Inertia). Newtonian Inertia is
due to the strictly local electrical force interactions of matter with the
surrounding charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum. The sum of all the
tiny electrical forces originating from each charged particle in the mass with
respect to the vacuum, is the source of the total inertial force of a mass
which opposes accelerated motion in Newton's law 'F = MA'. The problems and
paradoxes of accelerated motion introduced in Mach's principle are solved by
suggesting that the state of acceleration of the charged virtual particles of
the quantum vacuum (with respect to a mass) serves as Newton's universal
reference frame for the mass. Einstein's principle of equivalence of inertial
and gravitational mass was invoked to understand the origin of gravitational
mass from the perspective of quantum inertia. We found that gravity also
involves the same 'inertial' electromagnetic force component that exists for
inertial mass. Therfore, we propose that the Weak Equivalence Principle is a
physical phenomenon originating from common 'lower level' quantum processes
occurring in both gravitational mass and inertial mass.


title:
Isotopic, Genotopic and Hyperstructural Liftings of Lie's Theory and
  their Isoduals

abstract:
  After reviewing the basic role of Lie's theory for the mathematics and
physics of this century, we identify its limitations for the treatment of
systems beyond the local-differential, Hamiltonian and canonical-unitary
conditions of the original conception. We therefore outline three sequential
generalized mathematics introduced by the author under the name of iso-, geno-
and hyper-mathematics which are based on generalized, Hermitean, non-Hermitean
and multi-valued units, respectively. The resulting iso-, geno- and hyper-Lie
theories, for which the new mathematics were submitted, have been extensively
used for the description of nonlocal-integral systems with action-at-a-distance
Hamiltonian and short-range-contact non-Hamiltonian interactions in reversible,
irreversible and multi-valued conditions, respectively. We then point out that
conventional, iso-, geno- and hyper-Lie theories are unable to provide a
consistent classical representation of antimatter yielding the correct charge
conjugate states at the operator counterpart. We therefore outline yet novel
mathematics proposed by the author under the names of isodual conventional,
iso-, geno- and hyper-mathematics, which constitute anti-isomorphic images of
the original mathematics characterized by negative-definite units and norms.
The emerging isodual generalizations of Lie's theory have permitted a novel
consistent characterization of antimatter at all levels of study, from Newton
to second quantization. The main message emerging after three decades of
investigations is that the sole generalized theories as invariant as the
original formulation, the sole usable in physics, are those preserving the
original abstract Lie axioms, and merely realizing them in broader forms.


title:
Quantum theory of dissipation of a harmonic oscillator coupled to a
  nonequilibrium bath; Wigner-Weisskopf decay and physical spectra

abstract:
  We extend the quantum theory of dissipation in the context of
system-reservoir model, where the reservoir in question is kept in a
nonequilibrium condition. Based on a systematic separation of time scales
involved in the dynamics, appropriate generalizations of the
fluctuation-dissipation and Einstein's relations have been pointed out. We show
that the Wigner-Weisskopf decay of the system mode results in a rate constant
which depending on the relaxation of nonequilibrium bath is dynamically
modified. We also calculate the time-dependent spectra of a cavity mode with a
suitable gain when the cavity is kept in contact with a nonequilibrium bath.


title:
The dispersion equation for a wave number of the electromagnetic wave in
  a random medium of the parallel dielectric cylinders

abstract:
  In a frame of quasi-crystal approximation the dispersion equations are
obtained for the wave vector of a coherent electromagnetic wave propagating in
a media which contains a random set of parallel dielectric cylinders with
possible overlapping. The results are compared with that for the case when a
regularity at the cylinder placement exists.


title:
On the Discontinuity of Electrostatic Fields Across a Planar Surface
  With Multipolar Surface Charge Density

abstract:
  We use covariance and dimensional analysis to find expressions for the
discontinuity of the potential and normal electric field across a flat surface
with multipolar charge surface density in vacuum.


title: Review of Cosmic Ray experiments with underground detectors

abstract:
  The most important underground detectors addressing Cosmic Ray physics are
described, with a special emphasis on the description of the used technology.


title: Driven Polymer Translocation Through a Narrow Pore

abstract:
  Motivated by experiments in which a polynucleotide is driven through a
proteinaceous pore by an electric field, we study the diffusive motion of a
polymer threaded through a narrow channel with which it may have strong
interactions. We show that there is a range of polymer lengths in which the
system is approximately translationally invariant, and we develop a
coarse-grained description of this regime. From this description, general
features of the distribution of times for the polymer to pass through the pore
may be deduced. We also introduce a more microscopic model. This model provides
a physically reasonable scenario in which, as in experiments, the polymer's
speed depends sensitively on its chemical composition, and even on its
orientation in the channel. Finally, we point out that the experimental
distribution of times for the polymer to pass through the pore is much broader
than expected from simple estimates, and speculate on why this might be.


title:
Lock-in detection using a cryogenic low noise looped current
  preamplifier for the readout of resistive bolometers

abstract:
  We implemented a low noise current preamplifier for the readout of resistive
bolometers. We tested the apparatus on thermometer resistances ranging from 10
Ohm to 500 Mohm. The use of current preamplifier overcomes constraints
introduced by the readout time constant due to the thermometer resistance and
the input capacitance. Using cold JFETs, this preamplifier board is shown to
have very low noise: the Johnson noise of the source resistor (1 fA/Hz1/2)
dominated in our noise measurements. We also implemented a lock-in chain using
this preamplifier. Because of fast risetime, compensation of the phase shift
may be unnecessary. If implemented, no tuning is necessary when the sensor
impedance changes. Transients are very short, and thus low-passing or sampling
of the signal is simplified. In case of spurious noise, the modulation
frequency can be chosen in a much wider frequency range, without requiring a
new calibration of the apparatus.


title:
HEMAS: a Monte Carlo code for hadronic, electromagnetic and TeV muon
  components in air shower

abstract:
  The features of the HEMAS code are presented. The results of the comparison
between the Monte Carlo expectation and the experimental data are shown.


title: The Cause of Gravity

abstract:
  Einstein said that gravity is an acceleration like any other acceleration.
But gravity causes relativistic effects at non-relativistic speeds; so gravity
could have relativistic origins. And since the strong force is thought to cause
most of mass, and mass is proportional to gravity; the strong force is
therefore also proportional to gravity. The strong force could thus cause
relativistic increases of mass through the creation of virtual gluons; along
with a comparable contraction of space around nucleons; and then be diluted by
the relatively large volume of atoms. The strong force would thus indirectly
cause the spatial contraction known as gravity. And since gravity would thus
not be a true force, and there would then be no gravitons. And the electro-
weak and strong forces would therefore be the only two forces of nature. A
unifying equation was developed: E=(Ml+Mh/D)C^2; where E = the electroweak and
strong forces; Ml = lepton masses; Mh = hadron masses; and D = (1-V^2/C^2), as
a spatial contraction equaling 75.3982 fold. Einstein's formulas for excess
radius Re = GM/3C^2, and for gravity Gab = 8 G/C^2 Tab; both relate mass to
space curvature, and differ by 3x8 = 75.3982. And the same difference is found
between the observed proton mass, and the experimentally determined mass of a
proton's quark masses, at 12.5 MeV. So a revision of Einstein's equation for
gravity is Gab = GD/3C^2 Tab, where 8 = D/3 reveals the relativistic origins of
both 8 and of gravity. The early universe containing only energy, would
therefore have contained no matter; and so, would have contained little
gravity. And the inflationary period in the early universe would thus have been
due the lack of gravity before matter had formed.


title:
One and two dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation of atoms in dark
  magneto-optical lattices

abstract:
  The motion of atoms in a dark magneto-optical lattice is considered. This
lattice is formed by a non-uniformly polarized laser field in the presence of a
static magnetic field. Cold atoms are localized in the vicinity of points where
dark states are not destroyed by a magnetic field. As a result the optical
interaction tends to zero (dark or gray lattices). Depending on the field
configuration such a lattice can exhibit one or two-dimensional periodicity. It
is shown that in 1D and 2D dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected
with the Bose-statistics of particles can be observed under the temperature
$10^{-5}-10^{-6}K$ and densities $10^{11}-10^{12} cm^{-3}$, those are usual for
current experiments on laser cooling.


title: Modeling the MCAS Way

abstract:
  The spdf-based orbital theory is a sophism. Things must be declared
"different" at the electronic level to renounce classical physics. This paper
shows that classical physics still operates at the electronic level! Electron
particles are always there. Mass-to-wave/energy conversion and its reversal
(duality) on-demand does not actually exist - a ruse that cloaks the
negative-negative waive. There is no electron spin-reversal - a gimmick with
"nmls" not even consistent orthogonality. The MCAS Way describes the behavior
of electrons while preserving their wholeness, mutual orthogonality, and
interactive adaptivity.
  Electrostatics of some simple molecules modeled the MCAS Way are presented.
The orbital extent of an electron is shown to be finite while its electrostatic
presence stretches to infinity. Electrons hardly ever occupy the region on the
axis between two nuclei of a molecule. Excellent correspondence of NMR proton
shift with the magnitude of the electrostatic field at the proton is found.
  Wholly integer quantum numbers identify the orbital spaces of an atom.
Electrons do not have quantum numbers! The electron of the hydrogen atom is
assigned the 11111 orbital; those of helium are in the 11111 and 11-111
orbitals; and so on. Unlike the static spdf designation, an electron moves to a
different type orbital with sufficient electron loading of a shell! A quantum
theory does not need duality! The current one, however, needs a different base
model to treat particulates.
  Bimolecular substitution reactions are shown to be path-dependent with an
electron transferred in the Transition State. Traditional microscopic
reversibility is trashed.