title: A consistent analysis of (e,e'p) and (d,3He) experiments

abstract:
  The apparent discrepancy between spectroscopic factors obtained in (e,e'p)
and (d,3He) experiments is investigated. This is performed first for
48Ca(e,e'p) and 48Ca(d,3He) experiments and then for other nuclei. It is shown
that the discrepancy disappears if the (d,3He) experiments are re-analyzed with
a non-local finite range DWBA analysis with a bound-state wave function that is
obtained from (e,e'p) experiments.


title:
Instrumentation for and First Results on Nuclear Responses for Supernova
  Explosions

abstract:
  Our collaboration has set up a focal plane detection system and a focal plane
polarimeter at the large acceptance Big-Bite Spectrometer at AGOR. The detector
systems are equipped with a high performance readout and online data processing
system, which allows polarization transfer and charge transfer measurements at
extreme forward angles with high precision. Preliminary results on GT+ strength
distributions obtained in (d,2He) measurements revealing the fine structure of
the distributions are presented. Their relation to recent calculations of
stellar weak interaction rates is discussed.


title:
Determination of Azimuthal Anisotropy of Neutral Pions from the Measured
  Anisotropy of Photons in Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions

abstract:
  A method is suggested to deduce the anisotropy in neutral pions by measuring
the azimuthal anisotropy of photons in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions.
The ratio of the estimated anisotropy in photons to the anisotropy in neutral
pions is seen to scale with a parameter which depends on photon multiplicity
and anisotropy. This parameter can be determined from experimental data.


title:
The $\pi\pi$ interaction in nuclear matter from a study of the $\pi^+ A
  \to \pi^+ \pi^{\pm} A'$ reactions

abstract:
  The pion-production reactions $\pi^+ A \to \pi^+\pi^{\pm} A'$ were studied on
$^{2}H$, $^{12}C$, $^{40}Ca$, and $^{208}Pb$ nuclei at an incident pion energy
of $T_{\pi^{+}}$=283 MeV. Pions were detected in coincidence using the CHAOS
spectrometer. The experimental results are reduced to differential cross
sections and compared to both theoretical predictions and the reaction phase
space. The composite ratio $\cal C$$_{\pi\pi}^A$ between the $\pi^{+}\pi^{\pm}$
invariant masses on nuclei and on the nucleon is also presented. Near the
$2m_{\pi}$ threshold pion pairs couple to $(\pi\pi)_{I=J=0}$ when produced in
the $\pi^+\to \pi^+\pi^-$ reaction channel. There is a marked near-threshold
enhancement of $\cal C$$_{\pi^+\pi^-}^A$ which is consistent with theoretical
predictions addressing the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear
matter. Furthermore, the behaviour of $\cal C$$_{\pi^+\pi^-}^A$ is well
described when the restoration of chiral symmetry is combined with standard
P-wave renormalization of pions in nuclear matter. On the other hand, nuclear
matter only weakly influences $\cal C$$_{\pi^+\pi^+}^A$, which displays a flat
behaviour throughout the energy range regardless of $A$.


title: Proton-proton collisions at production thresholds

abstract:
  Recent results obtained by the COSY-11 collaboration concerning the
production of eta and eta' mesons in the pp --> pp Meson reaction are
presented. A comparison of the production amplitude for the pi(0), eta and eta'
mesons at the same phase space volume allows to conclude that the proton-eta'
interaction is in the order of, or smaller than, the proton-pi(0) one. A total
cross section determined in a preliminary analysis of the data of elementary
kaon and antikaon production via the pp-->ppK(+)K(-) reaction measured at
excess energy of Q = 17 MeV is reported.


title:
Multifragmentation of a very heavy nuclear system (I): Selection of
  single-source events

abstract:
  A sample of `single-source' events, compatible with the multifragmentation of
very heavy fused systems, are isolated among well-measured 155Gd+natU 36AMeV
reactions by examining the evolution of the kinematics of fragments with Z>=5
as a function of the dissipated energy and loss of memory of the entrance
channel. Single-source events are found to be the result of very central
collisions. Such central collisions may also lead to multiple fragment emission
due to the decay of excited projectile- and target-like nuclei and so-called
`neck' emission, and for this reason the isolation of single-source events is
very difficult. Event-selection criteria based on centrality of collisions, or
on the isotropy of the emitted fragments in each event, are found to be
inefficient to separate the two mechanisms, unless they take into account the
redistribution of fragments' kinetic energies into directions perpendicular to
the beam axis. The selected events are good candidates to look for bulk effects
in the multifragmentation process.


title:
Multifragmentation of a very heavy nuclear system (II): bulk properties
  and spinodal decomposition

abstract:
  The properties of fragments and light charged particles emitted in
multifragmentation of single sources formed in central 36AMeV Gd+U collisions
are reviewed. Most of the products are isotropically distributed in the
reaction c.m. Fragment kinetic energies reveal the onset of radial collective
energy. A bulk effect is experimentally evidenced from the similarity of the
charge distribution with that from the lighter 32AMeV Xe+Sn system. Spinodal
decomposition of finite nuclear matter exhibits the same property in simulated
central collisions for the two systems, and appears therefore as a possible
mechanism at the origin of multifragmentation in this incident energy domain.


title: Chemical Equilibration and the Hadron-QGP Phase Transition

abstract:
  We discuss recent experimental results on hadron multiplicities in
ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. The data for central collisions are in
quantitative agreement with predictions of a thermal model assuming full
chemical equilibration. It is argued that this provides strong, albeit
indirect, evidence for the formation of a partonic phase in the collision prior
to hadron production.


title: Azimuthal Dependence of Pion Interferometry at the AGS

abstract:
  Two-pion correlation functions, measured as a function of azimuthal emission
angle with respect to the reaction plane, provide novel information on the
anisotropic shape and orientation of the pion-emitting zone formed in heavy ion
collisions. We present the first experimental determination of this
information, for semi-central Au+Au collisions at 2-6 AGeV. The source
extension perpendicular to the reaction plane is greater than the extension in
the plane, and tilt of the pion source in coordinate space is found to be
opposite its tilt in momentum space.


title:
Results from SKM-200-GIBS on multiparticle azimuthal correlations in
  C-Ne and C-Cu collisions at energy of 3.7 GeV per nucleon

abstract:
  The transverse momentum technique is used to analyse charged-particle
exclusive data in central C-Ne and C-Cu interactions at energy of 3.7 GeV per
nucleon. Clear evidence of in-plane and out-of-plane (squeeze-out) flow effects
for protons and pi^{-} mesons have been obtained. In C-Ne interactions in-plane
flow of pi^{-} mesons is in the same direction as for the protons, while in
C-Cu collisions pions show antuflow behaviour. From the transverse momentum and
azimuthal distributions of protons and pi^{-} mesons with respect to the
reaction plane, the flow (the measure of the amount of collective transverse
momentum transfer in the reaction plane) and the parameter a_{2} (the measure
of the anisotropic emission strength) have been extracted. The flow effects
increase with the mass of the particle and the mass number of target A_{T}. The
comparison of our in-plane flow results with flow data for various
projectile/target configurations was made using the scaled flow F_{S}=F/(A_{P}
^{1/3}+A_{T}^{1/3}). F_{S} demonstrates a common scaling behaviour for flow
values from different systems. The Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM) was used for
the comparison with the experimental data. The QGSM yields a signature of
in-plane and out-of-plane flow effects in C-ne and C-Cu collisions for protons.


title:
Resonant Formation of $d\mu t$ Molecules in Deuterium: An Atomic Beam
  Measurement of Muon Catalyzed dt Fusion

abstract:
  Resonant formation of $d\mu t$ molecules in collisions of muonic tritium
($\mu t$) on D$_2$ was investigated using a beam of $\mu t$ atoms,
demonstrating a new direct approach in muon catalyzed fusion studies. Strong
epithermal resonances in $d\mu t$ formation were directly revealed for the
first time. From the time-of-flight analysis of $2036\pm 116$ $dt$ fusion
events, a formation rate consistent with $0.73\pm (0.16)_{meas} \pm
(0.09)_{model}$ times the theoretical prediction was obtained. For the largest
peak at a resonance energy of $0.423 \pm 0.037$ eV, this corresponds to a rate
of $(7.1 \pm 1.8) \times 10^9$ s$^{-1}$, more than an order of magnitude larger
than those at low energies.


title:
The Transverse Asymmetry $\bf A_{\bf T'}$ from Quasi-elastic $^3\vec{\rm
  He}(\vec{e},e')$ Process and the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor

abstract:
  We have measured the transverse asymmetry from inclusive scattering of
longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized 3He nuclei at quasi-elastic
kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab with high statistical and systematic
precision. The neutron magnetic form factor was extracted based on Faddeev
calculations with an experimental uncertainty of less than 2 %.


title:
Scaling of Particle and Transverse Energy Production in 208Pb+208Pb
  collisions at 158 A GeV

abstract:
  Transverse energy, charged particle pseudorapidity distributions and photon
transverse momentum spectra have been studied as a function of the number of
participants (N_{part}) and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions
(N_{coll}) in 158 A GeV Pb+Pb collisions over a wide impact parameter range. A
scaling of the transverse energy pseudorapidity density at midrapidity as
N_{part}^{1.08 \pm 0.06} and N_{coll}^{0.83 \pm 0.05} is observed. For the
charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity we find a scaling as
N_{part}^{1.07 \pm 0.04} and N_{coll}^{0.82 \pm 0.03}. This faster than linear
scaling with N_{part} indicates a violation of the naive Wounded Nucleon Model.


title: The RHIC Zero Degree Calorimeter

abstract:
  High Energy collisions of nuclei usually lead to the emission of evaporation
neutrons from both ``beam'' and ``target'' nuclei. At the RHIC heavy ion
collider with 100GeV/u beam energy, evaporation neutrons diverge by less than
$~2$ milliradians from the beam axis Neutral beam fragments can be detected
downstream of RHIC ion collisions (and a large aperture Accelerator dipole
magnet) if $\theta\leq$ 4 mr but charged fragments in the same angular range
are usually too close to the beam trajectory.
  In this 'zero degree' region produced particles and other secondaries deposit
negligible energy when compared with that of beam fragmentation neutrons.
  The purpose of the RHIC zero degree calorimeters (ZDC's) is to detect
neutrons emitted within this cone along both beam directions and measure their
total energy (from which we calculate multiplicity). The ZDC coincidence of the
2 beam directions is a minimal bias selection of heavy ion collisions. This
makes it useful as an event trigger and a luminosity monitor\cite{baltz} and
for this reason we built identical detectors for all 4 RHIC experiments.
  The neutron multiplicity is also known to be correlated with event geometry
\cite{appel} and will be used to measure collision centrality in mutual beam
int eractions.


title:
(Anti)Proton and Pion Source Sizes and Phase Space Densities in Heavy
  Ion Collisions

abstract:
  NA44 has measured mid-rapidity deuteron spectra from AA collisions at
sqrt{s}=18GeV/A at the CERN SPS. Combining these spectra with published proton,
antiproton and antideuteron data allows us to calculate, within a coalescence
framework, proton and antiproton source sizes and phase space densities. These
results are compared to pion source sizes and densities, pA results and to
lower energy (AGS) data. The antiproton source is larger than the proton source
at sqrt{s}=18GeV/A. The phase space densities of pions and protons are not
constant but grow with system size. Both pi+ and proton radii decrease with
transverse mass and increase with sqrt{s}. Pions and protons do not freeze-out
independently. The nature of their interaction changes as sqrt{s}, and the
pion/proton ratio increases.


title:
Transition from in-plane to out-of-plane azimuthal enhancement in Au+Au
  collisions

abstract:
  The incident energy at which the azimuthal distributions in semi-central
heavy ion collisions change from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement, E_tran,
is studied as a function of mass of emitted particles, their transverse
momentum and centrality for Au+Au collisions. The analysis is performed in a
reference frame rotated with the sidewards flow angle, Theta_flow, relative to
the beam axis. A systematic decrease of E_tran as function of mass of the
reaction products, their transverse momentum and collision centrality is
evidenced. The predictions of a microscopic transport model (IQMD) are compared
with the experimental results.


title: Investigation of the Exclusive 3He(e,e'pp)n Reaction

abstract:
  Cross sections for the 3He(e,e'pp)n reaction were measured over a wide range
of energy and three- momentum transfer. At a momentum transfer q=375 MeV/c,
data were taken at transferred energies omega ranging from 170 to 290 MeV. At
omega=220 MeV, measurements were performed at three q values (305, 375, and 445
MeV/c). The results are presented as a function of the neutron momentum in the
final-state, as a function of the energy and momentum transfer, and as a
function of the relative momentum of the two-proton system. The data at neutron
momenta below 100 MeV/c, obtained for two values of the momentum transfer at
omega=220 MeV, are well described by the results of continuum-Faddeev
calculations. These calculations indicate that the cross section in this domain
is dominated by direct two-proton emission induced by a one-body hadronic
current. Cross section distributions determined as a function of the relative
momentum of the two protons are fairly well reproduced by continuum-Faddeev
calculations based on various realistic nucleon-nucleon potential models. At
higher neutron momentum and at higher energy transfer, deviations between data
and calculations are observed that may be due to contributions of isobar
currents.


title: MEVSIM: A Monte Carlo Event Generator for STAR

abstract:
  A fast, simple to use Monte Carlo based event generator is presented which is
intended to facilitate simulation studies and the development of analysis
software for the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider)
(STAR) experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This new event
generator provides a fast, convenient means for producing large numbers of
uncorrelated A+A collision events which can be used for a variety of
applications in STAR, including quality assurance evaluation of event
reconstruction software, determination of detector acceptances and tracking
efficiencies, physics analysis of event-by-event global variables, studies of
strange, rare and exotic particle reconstruction, and so on. The user may
select the number of events, the particle types, the multiplicities, the
one-body momentum space distributions and the detector acceptance ranges. The
various algorithms used in the code and its capabilities are explained.
Additional user information is also discussed. The computer code implementation
is called MEVSIM.


title:
An Excitation Function of K$^-$ and K$^+$ Production in Au+Au Reactions
  at the AGS

abstract:
  Mid-rapidity spectra and yields of K$^-$ and K$^+$ have been measured for
Au+Au collisions at 4, 6, 8, and 10.7 AGeV. The K$^-$ yield increases faster
with beam energy than for K$^+$ and hence the K$^-$/K$^+$ ratio increases with
beam energy. This ratio is studied as a function of both $\sqrt{s}$ and
$\sqrt{s}$-$\sqrt{s_{th}}$ which allows the direct comparison of the kaon
yields with respect to the production threshold in p+p reactions. For equal
$\sqrt{s}$ - $\sqrt{s_{th}}$ the measured ratio K$^-$/K$^+$=0.2 at energies
above threshold in contrast to the K$^-$/K$^+$ ratio of near unity observed at
energies below threshold. The use of the K$^-$/K$^+$ ratio to test the
predicted changes of kaon properties in dense nuclear matter is discussed.


title:
Study of Residual Product Nuclide Yields in 1.0 GeV Proton-Irradiated
  208-Pb and 2.6 GeV Proton-Irradiated nat-W Thin Targets

abstract:
  113 residual product nuclide yields in a 1.0 GeV proton-irradiated thin
monoisotopic 208-Pb sample and 107 residual product nuclide yields in a 2.6 GeV
proton-irradiated nat-W sample have been measured and simulated by 8 different
codes. The irradiations were made using proton beams extracted from the ITEP
synchrotron. The nuclide yields were gamma-spectrometered directly using a
high-resolution Ge-detector. The gamma-spectra were processed by the GENIE-2000
code. The ITEP-developed SIGMA code was used together with the PCNUDAT nuclear
decay database to identify the gamma-lines and to determine the cross-sections.
The 27-Al(p,x)Na-22 reaction was used to monitor the proton flux. The measured
yields are compared with calculation the LAHET (with ISABEL and Bertini
options), CEM95, CEM2k, CASCADE, CASCADE/INPE, INUCL, and YIELDX codes.
Estimates of the mean deviation factor are used to demonstrate the predictive
power of the codes. The results obtained may be of interest in studying the
parameters of the Pb and W target modules of the hybrid Accelerator-Driven
System (ADS) facilities.


title:
Study of Residual Product Nuclide Yields from 0.1, 0.2, 0.8, and 2.6 GeV
  Proton-Irradiated nat-Hg Targets

abstract:
  The direct gamma-spectrometry method is used to measure more than 350
residual product nuclide yields from 0.1, 0.2, 0.8, and 2.6 GeV proton
irradiated HgO targets. The gamma-spectrometer resolution is of 1.8 keV at the
1332 keV gamma-line. The resultant gamma-spectra are processed by the
GENIE-2000 code. The gamma-lines are identified, and the cross-sections
calculated, by the ITEP-designed SIGMA code using the PCNUDAT radioactive
database. The 27-Al(p,x)Na-22 reaction is used as monitor. The experimental
results are compared with calculations by the LAHET, CEM95, CEM2k, INUCL,
CASCADE, and YIELDX codes.


title:
Spectral Measurements of Neutrons from Pb, W, and Na Targets Irradiated
  by 0.8 AND 1.6 GeV Protons

abstract:
  Preliminary results of neutron spectra measurements from Pb, W, and Na
targets irradiated by 0.8 and 1.6 GeV protons are presented. Measurements have
been carried out using the proton beam extracted from the ITEP synchrotron and
the TOF technique. Neutron registration has been carried out using BICRON
MAB-511 liquid scintillation counters. Spectra measured at angles of 30, 60,
90, 120, and 150 degrees have been compared with results of their simulation
using the LAHET code system and the code CEM2k. The results are of interest
both from data gathering viewpoint and as a benchmark of the up-to-the-date
predictive powers of codes applied to design the hybrid Accelerator Driven
Systems (ADS) using lead or lead-bismuth targets and sodium-cooled targets.


title:
Threshold Reaction Rates Inside and on the Surface of Thick W-Na Target
  Irradiated with 0.8 GeV Protons

abstract:
  The preliminary results are presented of the experimental determination of
threshold reaction rates in experimental samples made of Al, Co, Bi, In, Au, to
name but a few, placed both inside and on the surface of extended thick W-Na
target irradiated with 0.8 GeV protons. The target consists of 26 alternating
discs each 150 mm in diameter: 6 tungsten discs are 20 mm thick, 7 tungsten
discs are 40 mm thick, and 13 sodium discs are 40 mm thick. The relative
position of discs is matched with the aim of flattening the neutron field along
the target surface. The comparison is made of the measured rates with results
of their simulation using the LAHET and KASKAD-S codes, and the ENDF/B6,
MENDL2, MENDL2P, SADKO-2, and ABBN-93 databases. The results are of interest
both in terms of integral data collection and to test the up-to-the-date
predictive power of the codes applied in designing of hybrid Accelerator Driven
System (ADS) systems that use tungsten targets cooled with sodium.


title:
Spatial Distribution of Initial Interactions in High Energy Collisions
  of Heavy Nuclei

abstract:
  The spatial distribution of interactions in high energy collisions of heavy
nuclei is discussed using the wounded nucleon, binary collision, hard sphere,
and colliding disk parameterizations of interaction densities. The mean radius,
its dispersion, and the eccentricity of the interaction region are calculated
as a function of impact parameter. The eccentricity is of special interest for
comparison to measurements of anisotropic flow. The number of participants and
binary collisions is also tabulated as a function of impact parameter.


title: Entropy of thermal quasiparticles in nuclei

abstract:
  Information on level density for nuclei with mass numbers A = 20 - 250 is
deduced from discrete low-lying levels and neutron resonance data. The odd-mass
nuclei exhibit in general 4 - 7 times the level density found for its
neighboring even-even nuclei at the same excitation energy. This excess
corresponds to an entropy of approx. 1.7 k for the odd particle. The value is
approximately constant for all mid-shell nuclei and for all ground state spins.
For these nuclei it is argued that the entropy scales with the number of
quasiparticles. A simple model based on the canonical ensemble theory accounts
qualitatively for the observed properties.


title:
Production of $\eta\prime$ Mesons in the $pp \to pp\eta\prime$ Reaction
  at 3.67 GeV/c

abstract:
  The ratio of the total exclusive production cross sections for $\eta\prime$
and $\eta$ mesons has been measured in the $pp$ reaction at $p_{beam}=3.67$
GeV/c. The observed $\eta\prime/\eta$ ratio is
$(0.83\pm{0.11}^{+0.23}_{-0.18})\times 10^{-2}$ from which the exclusive
$\eta\prime$ meson production cross section is determined to be
$(1.12\pm{0.15}^{+0.42}_{-0.31})\mu b$. Differential cross section
distributions have been measured. Their shape is consistent with isotropic
$\eta\prime$ meson production.


title: Restoration of particle number as a good quantum number in BCS theory

abstract:
  As shown in previous work, number projection can be carried out analytically
for states defined in a quasi-particle scheme when the states are expressed in
a coherent state representation. The wave functions of number-projected states
are well-known in the theory of orthogonal polynomials as Schur functions.
Moreover, the functions needed in pairing theory are a particularly simple
class of Schur functions that are easily constructed by means of recursion
relations. It is shown that complete sets of states can be projected from
corresponding quasi-particle states and that such states retain many of the
properties of the quasi-particle states from which they derive. It is also
shown that number projection can be used to construct a complete set of
orthogonal states classified by generalized seniority for any nucleus.


title: Stability and instability of a hot and dilute nuclear droplet

abstract:
  The diabatic approach to collective nuclear motion is reformulated in the
local-density approximation in order to treat the normal modes of a spherical
nuclear droplet analytically. In a first application the adiabatic isoscalar
modes are studied and results for the eigenvalues of compressional (bulk) and
pure surface modes are presented as function of density and temperature inside
the droplet, as well as for different mass numbers and for soft and stiff
equations of state. We find that the region of bulk instabilities (spinodal
regime) is substantially smaller for nuclear droplets than for infinite nuclear
matter. For small densities below 30% of normal nuclear matter density and for
temperatures below 5 MeV all relevant bulk modes become unstable with the same
growth rates. The surface modes have a larger spinodal region, reaching out to
densities and temperatures way beyond the spinodal line for bulk instabilities.
Essential experimental features of multifragmentation, like fragmentation
temperatures and fragment-mass distributions (in particular the power-law
behavior) are consistent with the instability properties of an expanding
nuclear droplet, and hence with a dynamical fragmentation process within the
spinodal regime of bulk and surface modes (spinodal decomposition).


title: Proton Emission Times in Spectator Fragmentation

abstract:
  Proton-proton correlations from spectator decays following Au + Au collisions
at 1000 AMeV have been measured with an highly efficient detector hodoscope.
The constructed correlation functions indicate a moderate expansion and low
breakup densities similar to assumptions made in statistical multifragmentation
models. In agreement with a volume breakup rather short time scales were
deduced employing directional cuts in proton-proton correlations.


title:
Effect of the intermediate velocity emissions on the quasi-projectile
  properties for the Ar+Ni system at 95 A.MeV

abstract:
  The quasi-projectile (QP) properties are investigated in the Ar+Ni collisions
at 95 A.MeV taking into account the intermediate velocity emission. Indeed, in
this reaction, between 52 and 95 A.MeV bombarding energies, the number of
particles emitted in the intermediate velocity region is related to the overlap
volume between projectile and target. Mean transverse energies of these
particles are found particularly high. In this context, the mass of the QP
decreases linearly with the impact parameter from peripheral to central
collisions whereas its excitation energy increases up to 8 A.MeV. These results
are compared to previous analyses assuming a pure binary scenario.


title: Overview of the Status and Strangeness Capabilities of STAR

abstract:
  STAR is a large acceptance spectrometer capable of precision measurements of
a wide variety of strange particles. We discuss the STAR detector, its
configuration during the first two years of RHIC operation, and its initial
performance for Au+Au collisions. The expected performance for strangeness
physics and initial data on strange particle reconstruction in Au+Au collisions
are presented.


title: Time Scales in Spectator Fragmentation

abstract:
  Proton-proton correlations and correlations of p-alpha, d-alpha, and t-alpha
from spectator decays following Au + Au collisions at 1000 AMeV have been
measured with an highly efficient detector hodoscope. The constructed
correlation functions indicate a moderate expansion and low breakup densities
similar to assumptions made in statistical multifragmentation models. In
agreement with a volume breakup rather short time scales were deduced employing
directional cuts in proton-proton correlations.
  PACS numbers: 25.70.Pq, 21.65.+f, 25.70.Mn


title:
Longitudinal Momentum Fraction X_L for Two High P_t Protons in pp->ppX
  Reaction

abstract:
  We present an analysis of new data from Experiment E850 at BNL. We have
characterized the inclusive cross section near the endpoint for pp exclusive
scattering in Hydrogen and in Carbon with incident beam energy of 6 GeV. We
select events with a pair of back-to-back hadrons at large transverse momentum.
These cross sections are parameterized with a form $\frac{d \sigma}{d X_{L}}$
$\sim(1-X_{L})^{p}$, where ${X_{L}}$ is the ratio of the longitudinal momentum
of the observed pair to the total incident beam momentum. Small value of $p$
may suggest that the number of partons participating in the reaction is large
and reaction has a strong dependence on the center-of-mass energy. We also
discuss nuclear effects observed in our kinematic region.


title:
A New Measurement of the Energy Dependence of Nuclear Transparency for
  Large Momentum Transfer 12C(p,2p) Scattering

abstract:
  We present a new measurement of the energy dependence of nuclear transparency
from AGS experiment E850, performed using the EVA solenoidal spectrometer,
upgraded since 1995. Using a secondary beam from the AGS accelerator, we
simultaneously measured $pp$ elastic scattering from hydrogen and $(p,2p)$
quasi-elastic scattering in carbon at incoming momenta of 5.9, 8.0, 9.0, 11.7
and 14.4 GeV/c. This incident momentum range corresponds to a $Q^{2}$ region
between 4.8 and 12.7 (GeV/c)$^{2}$. The detector allowed us to do a complete
kinematic analysis for the center-of-mass polar angles in the range
$85^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$. We report on the measured variation of the nuclear
transparency with energy and compare the new results with previous
measurements.


title: n-p Short-Range Correlations from (p,2p + n) Measurements

abstract:
  Recently, a new technique for measuring short-range NN correlations in nuclei
(NN SRCs) was reported by the E850 collaboration, using data from the EVA
spectrometer at the AGS at Brookhaven Nat. Lab. In this talk, we will report on
a larger set of data from new measurement by the collaboration, utilizing the
same technique. This technique is based on a very simple kinematic approach.
For quasi-elastic knockout of protons from a nucleus ($^{12}$C(p,2p) was used
for the current work), we can reconstruct the momentum {\bf p$_f$} of the
struck proton in the nucleus before the reaction, from the three momenta of the
two detected protons, {\bf p$_1$} and {\bf p$_2$} and the three momentum of the
incident proton, {\bf p$_0$} : {\bf p$_f$} = {\bf p$_1$} + {\bf p$_2$} - {\bf
p$_0$} If there are significant n-p SRCs, then we would expect to find a
neutron with momentum -{\bf p$_f$} in coincidence with the two protons,
provided {\bf p$_f$} is larger than the Fermi momentum $k_F$ for the nucleus
(${\sim}$220 MeV/c for $^{12}$C). Our results reported here confirm the earlier
results from the E850 collaboration.


title:
Study of Two-Step Mechanisms in Pion Absorption on 6Li, 12C via Deuteron
  Emission

abstract:
  The (pi+,pd), and (pi+,dd) reactions were investigated with pions of 100 and
165 MeV kinetic energy on 6Li and 12C targets. In comparison with previously
published (pi+,pp) data on the same targets and at the same beam energies,
kinematic regions were identified in which the neutron pickup process n+p->d
dominated the observed deuteron yield. The importance of this mechanism
increases with energy, contributing half of the observed cross section at 165
MeV. The contribution of direct quasi-triton absorption is significant only at
100 MeV.


title: Elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV

abstract:
  Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to
the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow
of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV
using the STAR TPC at RHIC. The elliptic flow signal, v_2, averaged over
transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral
collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be
interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at
lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of
elliptic flow are also presented.


title: Breakup time scale studied in the 8 GeV/c pi- + 197Au reaction

abstract:
  Experimental data from the reaction of an 8.0 GeV/c pi- beam incident on a
197Au target have been analyzed in order to investigate the integrated breakup
time scale for hot residues. Alpha-particle energy spectra and particle angular
distributions supported by a momentum tensor analysis suggest that at large
excitation energy, above 3-5 MeV/nucleon, light-charged particles are emitted
prior to or at the same time as the emission of the heavy fragments. Comparison
with the SMM and GEMINI models is presented. A binary fission-like mechanism
fits the experimental data at low excitation energies, but seems unable to
reproduce the data at excitation energies above 3-5 MeV/nucleon.


title: Direct Photon Production in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb Collisions

abstract:
  A measurement of direct photon production in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV has
been carried out in the CERN WA98 experiment. The invariant yield of direct
photons in central collisions is extracted as a function of transverse momentum
in the interval 0.5 < pT < 4 GeV/c. A significant direct photon signal,
compared to statistical and systematical errors, is seen at pT > 1.5 GeV/c. The
results constitute the first observation of direct photons in ultrarelativistic
heavy-ion collisions which could be significant for diagnosis of quark gluon
plasma formation.


title:
Single-neutron transfer from 11Be gs via the (p,d) reaction with a
  radioactive beam

abstract:
  The 11Be(p,d)10Be reaction has been performed in inverse kinematics with a
radioactive 11Be beam of E/A = 35.3 MeV. Angular distributions for the 0+
ground state, the 2+, 3.37 MeV state and the multiplet of states around 6 MeV
in 10Be were measured at angles up to 16 deg CM by detecting the 10Be in a
dispersion-matched spectrometer and the coincident deuterons in a silicon
array. Distorted wave and coupled-channels calculations have been performed to
investigate the amount of 2+ core excitation in 11Be gs. The use of "realistic"
11Be wave functions is emphasised and bound state form factors have been
obtained by solving the particle-vibration coupling equations. This calculation
gives a dominant 2s component in the 11Be gs wave function with a 16% [2+ x 1d]
core excitation admixture. Cross sections calculated with these form factors
are in good agreement with the present data. The Separation Energy prescription
for the bound state wave function also gives satisfactory fits to the data, but
leads to a significantly larger [2 x 1d] component in 11Be gs.


title: Chemical Equilibrium and Isotope Temperatures

abstract:
  The measurement and interpretation of isotopic yield ratios in heavy ion
reactions at intermediate and high energies are discussed and the usefulness of
these observables for establishing equilibrium properties and for determining
thermodynamic parameters is illustrated. The examples are mainly taken from
work performed with lighter projectiles at intermediate and high energies and
from studies of spectator reactions at relativistic energies. As an
application, the caloric curve of nuclei, as derived for Au on Au collisions,
is introduced and discussed.


title:
The reaction dynamics of the 16O(e,e'p) cross section at high missing
  energies

abstract:
  We measured the cross section and response functions (R_L, R_T, and R_LT) for
the 16O(e,e'p) reaction in quasielastic kinematics for missing energies 25 <=
E_miss <= 120 MeV at various missing momenta P_miss <= 340 MeV/c. For 25 <
E_miss < 50 MeV and P_miss \approx 60 MeV/c, the reaction is dominated by
single-nucleon knockout from the 1s1/2-state. At larger P_miss, the
single-particle aspects are increasingly masked by more complicated processes.
For E_miss > 60 MeV and P_miss > 200 MeV/c, the cross section is relatively
constant. Calculations which include contributions from pion exchange currents,
isobar currents and short-range correlations account for the shape and the
transversity but only for half of the magnitude of the measured cross section.


title: Gamma-ray strength function and pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei

abstract:
  The gamma-ray strength function for gamma energies in the 1-7 MeV region has
been measured for 161,162-Dy and 171,172-Yb using the (3-He,alpha gamma)
reaction. Various models are tested against the observed gamma-ray strength
functions. The best description is based on the Kadmenskii, Markushev and
Furman E1 model with constant temperature and the Lorentzian M1 model. A
gamma-ray bump observed at E_gamma=3 MeV is interpreted as the so-called pygmy
resonance, which has also been observed previously in (n,gamma) experiments.
The parameters for this resonance have been determined and compared to the
available systematics.


title: Meson Production in p+d Reactions

abstract:
  The production of neutral and charged pions as well as eta mesons is studied
in the Delta and N* resonance region, respectively. Heavy A=3 recoils were
measured with the GEM detector. The differential cross sections covering the
full angular range are compared with model calculations.


title: Energy and angular momentum sharing in dissipative collisions

abstract:
  Primary and secondary masses of heavy reaction products have been deduced
from kinematics and E-ToF measurements, respectively, for the direct and
reverse collisions of 93Nb and 116Sn at 25 AMeV. Light charged particles have
also been measured in coincidence with the heavy fragments.
  Direct experimental evidence of the correlation of energy-sharing with net
mass transfer has been found using the information from both the heavy
fragments and the light charged particles.
  The ratio of Hydrogen and Helium multiplicities points to a further
correlation of angular momentum sharing with net mass transfer.


title: Strangeness in dense nuclear matter: A review of AGS results

abstract:
  Enhancement in strangeness production and antihyperon to antibaryon ratio are
two important signatures of QGP formation. Both signatures have been measured
at the AGS. A review of these measurements is given. Implications of the
measurements are discussed.


title:
Contemporary presence of dynamical and statistical production of
  intermediate mass fragments in midperipheral $^{58}$Ni+$^{58}$Ni collisions
  at 30 MeV/nucleon

abstract:
  The $^{58}Ni+^{58}Ni$ reaction at 30 MeV/nucleon has been experimentally
investigated at the Superconducting Cyclotron of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali
del Sud. In midperipheral collisions the production of massive fragments
(4$\le$Z$\le$12), consistent with the statistical fragmentation of the
projectile-like residue and the dynamical formation of a neck, joining
projectile-like and target-like residues, has been observed. The fragments
coming from these different processes differ both in charge distribution and
isotopic composition. In particular it is shown that these mechanisms leading
to fragment production act contemporarily inside the same event.


title: Sturcture of the Goldstone Bosons

abstract:
  The feasibility of measuring the pion and kaon structure functions has been
investigated. A high luminosity electron-proton collider would make these
measurements feasible. Also, it appears feasible to measure these structure
functions in a nuclear medium. Simulations using the RAPGAP Monte Carlo of a
possible pion structure function measurement are presented.


title:
Potential and limitations of nucleon transfer experiments with
  radioactive beams at REX-ISOLDE

abstract:
  As a tool for studying the structure of nuclei far off stability the
technique of gamma-ray spectroscopy after low-energy single-nucleon transfer
reactions with radioactive nuclear beams in inverse kinematics was
investigated. Modules of the MINIBALL germanium array and a thin
position-sensitive parallel plate avalanche counter (PPAC) to be employed in
future experiments at REX-ISOLDE were used in a test experiment performed with
a stable 36S beam on deuteron and 9Be targets. It is demonstrated that the
Doppler broadening of gamma lines detected by the MINIBALL modules is
considerably reduced by exploiting their segmentation, and that for beam
intensities up to 10^6 particles/s the PPAC positioned around zero degrees with
respect to the beam axis allows not only to significantly reduce the gamma
background by requiring coincidences with the transfer products but also to
control the beam and its intensity by single particle counting. The predicted
large neutron pickup cross sections of neutron-rich light nuclei on 2H and 9Be
targets at REX-ISOLDE energies of 2.2 MeV A are confirmed.


title:
Evidence for a three-nucleon-force effect in proton-deuteron elastic
  scattering

abstract:
  Developments in spin-polarized internal targets for storage rings have
permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized protons scattering from vector
polarized deuterons. This work presents measurements of the polarization
observables A_y, iT_11, and C_y,y in proton-deuteron elastic scattering. When
compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon forces, the
measurements indicate that three-nucleon forces make a significant contribution
to the observables. This work indicates that three-body forces derived from
static nuclear properties appear to be crucial to the description of dynamical
properties.


title: The focal plane proton-polarimeter for the 3-spectrometer setup at MAMI

abstract:
  For experiments of the type A(\vec e,e'\vec p) the 3-spectrometer setup of
the A1 collaboration at MAMI has been supplemented by a focal plane
proton-polarimeter. To this end, a carbon analyzer of variable thickness and
two double-planes of horizontal drift chambers have been added to the standard
detector system of Spectrometer A. Due to the spin precession in the
spectrometer magnets, all three polarization components at the target can be
measured simultaneously. The performance of the polarimeter has been studied
using elastic p(e,e'p) scattering.


title:
Coherent \pi^0 threshold production from the deuteron at Q^2 = 0.1
  GeV^2/c^2

abstract:
  First data on coherent threshold \pi^0 electroproduction from the deuteron
taken by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI are presented. At a
four-momentum transfer of q^2=-0.1 GeV^2/c^2 the full solid angle was covered
up to a center-of-mass energy of 4 MeV above threshold. By means of a
Rosenbluth separation the longitudinal threshold s wave multipole and an upper
limit for the transverse threshold s wave multipole could be extracted and
compared to predictions of Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory.


title: Measurement of the Charged Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor

abstract:
  Separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the reaction
1H(e,eprime pi+)n were measured in the momentum transfer region Q2=0.6-1.6
(GeV/c)**2 at a value of the invariant mass W=1.95 GeV. New values for the pion
charge form factor were extracted from the longitudinal cross section by using
a recently developed Regge model. The results indicate that the pion form
factor in this region is larger than previously assumed and is consistent with
a monopole parameterization fitted to very low Q2 elastic data.


title:
Monitoring of the accelerator beam distributions for internal target
  facilities

abstract:
  We describe a direct method for monitoring the geometrical dimensions of a
synchrotron beam at the target position for internal target installations. The
method allows for the observation of the proton beam size as well as the
position of the beam relative to the target. As a first demonstration of the
technique, we present results obtained by means of the COSY-11 detection system
installed at the cooler synchrotron COSY. The influence of the stochastic
cooling on the COSY proton beam dimensions is also investigated.


title:
Measurement of the F2n/F2p and d/u Ratios in Deep Inelastic Electron
  Scattering off 3H and 3He

abstract:
  We discuss a possible measurement of the ratio of the nucleon structure
functions, F2n/F2p, and the ratio of the up to down quark distributions, u/d,
at large x, by performing deep inelastic electron scattering from the 3H and
3He mirror nuclei with the 11 GeV upgraded beam of Jefferson Lab. The
measurement is expected to be almost free of nuclear effects, which introduce a
significant uncertainty in the extraction of these two ratios from deep
inelastic scattering off the proton and deuteron. The results are expected to
test perturbative and non-perturbative mechanisms of spin-flavor symmetry
breaking in the nucleon, and constrain the structure function parameterizations
needed for the interpretation of high energy e-p, p-p and p-pbar collider data.
The precision of the expected data can also allow for testing competing
parameterizations of the nuclear EMC effect and provide valuable constraints on
models of its dynamical origin.


title: Strange mesons in dense nuclear matter

abstract:
  Experimental data on the production of kaons and antikaons in heavy ion
collisions at relativistic energies are reviewed with respect to in-medium
effects. The $K^-/K^+$ ratios measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions are 1 - 2
orders of magnitude larger than in proton-proton collisions. The azimuthal
angle distributions of $K^+$ mesons indicate a repulsive kaon-nucleon
potential. Microscopic transport calculations consistently explain both the
yields and the emission patterns of kaons and antikaons when assuming that
their properties are modified in dense nuclear matter. The $K^+$ production
excitation functions measured in light and heavy collision systems provide
evidence for a soft nuclear equation-of-state.


title:
First Measurement of Antikaon Phase-Space Distributions in
  Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at Subthreshold Beam Energies

abstract:
  Differential production cross sections of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons have been
measured as function of the polar emission angle in Ni+Ni collisions at a beam
energy of 1.93 AGeV. In near-central collisions, the spectral shapes and the
widths of the rapidity distributions of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons are in agreement
with the assumption of isotropic emission. In non-central collisions, the K$^-$
and K$^+$ rapidity distributions are broader than expected for a single thermal
source. In this case, the polar angle distributions are strongly
forward-backward peaked and the nonisotropic contribution to the total yield is
about one third both for K$^+$ and K$^-$ mesons. The K$^-$/K$^+$ ratio is found
to be about 0.03 independent of the centrality of the reaction. This value is
significantly larger than predicted by microscopic transport calculations if
in-medium modifications of K mesons are neglected.


title:
Precision Measurements of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B Reaction with Radioactive
  Beams and the 8B Solar Neutrino Flux

abstract:
  The 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction is one of the major source of uncertainties in
estimating the 8B solar neutrino flux and is critical for undertsanding the
Solar Neutrino Problem and neutrinos. The main source of uncertainty is the
existence of conflicting data with different absolute normalization. Attempts
to measure this reaction rate with 7Be beams are under way by the UConn-LLN
collaboration, and we discuss a newly emerging method to extract this cross
section from the Coulomb dissociation of the radioactive beam of 8B. We discuss
some of the issues relevant for this study including the question of the E2
contribution to the Coulomb dissociation process which was measured to be
small. The Coulomb dissociation appears to provide a viable alternative method
for measuring the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction rate, with a weighted average of the
RIKEN1, RIKEN2 and GSI1 published results of S17(0) = 19.4 +/- 1.3 eV-b.


title: Nuclear Physics at the TESLA*HERA Complex

abstract:
  Construction of the TESLA linear electron-positron collider tangentially to
the HERA proton ring will provide a number of new facilities for particle and
nuclear physics research. In this paper main parameters and physics goals of
eA, gamma-A and FEK gamma-A colliders, as well as fixed target experiments are
discussed.

categories: nucl-ex hep-ex hep-ph nucl-th physics.acc-ph


title: Pion Imaging at the AGS

abstract:
  Source imaging analysis was performed on two-pion correlations in central Au
+ Au collisions at beam energies between 2 and 8$A$ GeV. We apply the imaging
technique by Brown and Danielewicz, which allows a model-independent extraction
of source functions with useful accuracy out to relative pion separations of
about 20 fm. We found that extracted source functions have Gaussian shapes.
Values of source functions at zero separation are almost constant across the
energy range under study. Imaging results are found to be consistent with
conventional source parameters obtained from a multidimensional HBT analysis.


title:
Search for Strange Quark Matter Produced in Relativistic Heavy Ion
  Collisions

abstract:
  We present the final results from Experiment 864 of a search for charged and
neutral strange quark matter produced in interactions of 11.5 GeV/c per nucleon
Au beams with Pt or Pb targets. Searches were made for strange quark matter
with A>4. Approximately 30 billion 10% most central collisions were sampled and
no strangelet states with A<100 were observed. We find 90% confidence level
upper limits of approximately 10^{-8} per central collision for both charged
and neutral strangelets. These limits are for strangelets with proper lifetimes
greater than 50 ns. Also limits for H^{0}-d and pineut production are given.
The above limits are compared with the predictions of various models. The
yields of light nuclei from coalescence are measured and a penalty factor for
the addition of one nucleon to the coalescing nucleus is determined. This is
useful in gauging the significance of our upper limits and also in planning
future searches for strange quark matter.


title: High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions: The Physics of Super-dense Matter

abstract:
  I review experimental results from ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
Signals of new physics and observables reflecting the underlying collision
dynamics are presented, and the evidence for new physics discussed.
Measurements of higher energy collisions at RHIC are described, and I give some
of the very first results.


title: Thermal and electromagnetic properties of 166-Er and 167-Er

abstract:
  The primary gamma-ray spectra of 166-Er and 167-Er are deduced from the
(3-He,alpha gamma) and (3-He,3-He' gamma) reaction, respectively, enabling a
simultaneous extraction of the level density and the gamma-ray strength
function. Entropy, temperature and heat capacity are deduced from the level
density within the micro-canonical and the canonical ensemble, displaying
signals of a phase-like transition from the pair-correlated ground state to an
uncorrelated state at Tc=0.5 MeV. The gamma-ray strength function displays a
bump around E-gamma=3 MeV, interpreted as the pygmy resonance.


title:
Measurement of the recoil polarization in the p (\vec e, e' \vec p) pi^0
  reaction at the \Delta(1232) resonance

abstract:
  The recoil proton polarization has been measured in the p (\vec e,e'\vec p)
pi^0 reaction in parallel kinematics around W = 1232 MeV, Q^2 = 0.121 (GeV/c)^2
and epsilon = 0.718 using the polarized c.w. electron beam of the Mainz
Microtron. Due to the spin precession in a magnetic spectrometer, all three
proton polarization components P_x/P_e = (-11.4 \pm 1.3 \pm 1.4) %, P_y =
(-43.1 \pm 1.3 \pm 2.2) %, and P_z/P_e = (56.2 \pm 1.5 \pm 2.6) % could be
measured simultaneously. The Coulomb quadrupole to magnetic dipole ratio CMR =
(-6.4\pm 0.7_{stat}\pm 0.8_{syst}) % was determined from P_x in the framework
of the Mainz Unitary Isobar Model. The consistency among the reduced
polarizations and the extraction of the ratio of longitudinal to transverse
response is discussed.


title:
Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Equation-of-State from Kaon Production in
  Heavy Ion Collisions

abstract:
  The production of pions and kaons has been measured in Au+Au collisions at
beam energies from 0.6 to 1.5 AGeV with the Kaon Spectrometer at SIS/GSI. The
K+ meson multiplicity per nucleon is enhanced in Au+Au collisions by factors up
to 6 relative to C+C reactions whereas the corresponding pion ratio is reduced.
The ratio of the K+ meson excitation functions for Au+Au and C+C collisions
increases with decreasing beam energy. This behavior is expected for a soft
nuclear equation-of-state.


title: Nuclear Halo and Molecular States

abstract:
  Significant advances have been made in recent years in the exploration of
clustering in light nuclei. This progress has arisen not only from the
investigation of new systems, but also through the development and application
of novel probes. This paper will briefly review selected topics concerning halo
and molecular states in light nuclei through examples provided by the
neutron-rich Be isotopes.


title: Hot fragmentation of nuclei

abstract:
  Today, we have a variety of reactions at hand that can be used to
multi-fragment nuclei. In many of these reactions even several sources of
fragments can be discerned and characterized.
  There is overwhelming evidence that these sources of fragments are hot. It is
already less clear whether heat by itself is sufficient to initiate the
fragment decay. What causes fragmentation, and when and how are the fragments
(pre)formed? These questions have remained as much a challenge as the
complementary class of questions to which they are related: What observations
derive their significance from the liquid-gas phase behavior of extended
nuclear matter? And, can we observe a phase transition in finite nuclei?
  Recent developments, largely coming from complex analyses of data sets
measured in 4-pi-type experiments as well as from calculations based on
advanced theoretical concepts, will be discussed.


title: First decay study of the very neutron-rich isotope Br-93

abstract:
  The decay of the mass-separated, very neutron-rich isotope Br-93 has been
studied by gamma-spectroscopy. A level scheme of its daughter Kr-93 has been
constructed. Level energies, gamma-ray branching ratios and multipolarities
suggest spins and parities which are in accord with a smooth systematics of the
N=57 isotones for Z less-equal 40, suggesting the N=56 shell closure still to
be effective in Kr isotopes. So far, there is no indication of a progressive
onset of deformation in neutron-rich Kr isotopes.


title: First experimental results on creation and decay of eta-mesic nuclei

abstract:
  First experimental results on photoproduction of eta-mesic nuclei are
analyzed. In an experiment performed at the 1 GeV electron synchrotron of the
Lebedev Physical Institute, correlated (pi+,n) pairs arising from the reaction
\gamma + C12 -> N + (A-1)_eta -> N + (pi+,n) + (A-2) and flying transversely to
the photon beam have been observed. When the photon energy exceeds the
eta-meson production threshold, a distribution of the (pi+,n) pairs over their
total energy is found to have a peak in the subthreshold region of the
internal-conversion process eta p -> pi+ n which signals about formation of
eta-mesic nuclei.


title:
Measurement of the Cross Section Asymmetry of the Reaction gp-->pi0p in
  the Resonance Energy Region Eg = 0.5 - 1.1 GeV

abstract:
  The cross section asymmetry Sigma has been measured for the photoproduction
of pi0-mesons off protons, using polarized photons in the energy range Eg = 0.5
- 1.1 GeV. The CM angular coverage is Theta = 85 - 125 deg with energy and
angle steps of 25 MeV and 5 deg, respectively. The obtained Sigma data, which
cover the second and third resonance regions, are compared with existing
experimental data and recent phenomenological analyses. The influence of these
measurements on such analyses is also considered.


title: Review of SIS Experimental Results on Strangeness

abstract:
  >A review of meson emission in heavy ion collisions at incident energies
around 1 -- 2 $A\cdot$GeV is presented. It is shown how the shape of the
spectra and the various particle yields vary with system size, with centrality
and with incident energy. A statistical model assuming thermal and chemical
equilibrium and exact strangeness conservation (i.e. strangeness conservation
per collision) explains most of the observed features.
  Emphasis is put onto the study of $K^+$ and $K^-$ emission. In the framework
of this statistical model it is shown that the experimentally observed equality
of $K^+$ and $K^-$ rates at threshold corrected energies $\sqrt{s} -
\sqrt{s_{th}}$ is due to a crossing of two excitation functions. Furthermore,
the independence of the $K^+$ to $K^-$ ratio on the number of participating
nucleons observed between 1 and 10 $A\cdot$GeV is consistent with this model.
The observed flow effects are beyond the scope of this model.


title: Polarization transfer in the $^{4}$He$(\vec{e},e' \vec{p}^{3}$H reaction

abstract:
  Polarization transfer in the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction at a Q^2 of 0.4 (GeV/c)^2
was measured at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The ratio of the transverse to the
longitudinal polarization components of the ejected protons was compared with
the same ratio for elastic ep scattering. The results are consistent with a
recent fully relativistic calculation which includes a predicted medium
modification of the proton form factor based on a quark-meson coupling model.


title:
$\phi$ and $\omega$ Meson Production in pp Reactions at $p_{lab}$=3.67
  GeV/c

abstract:
  The exclusive production cross sections for $\omega$ and $\phi$ mesons have
been measured in proton-proton reactions at $p_{lab}=3.67$ GeV/c. The observed
$\phi/\omega$ cross section ratio is $(3.8\pm0.2^{+1.2}_{-0.9})\times 10^{-3}$.
After phase space corrections, this ratio is enhanced by about an order of
magnitude relative to naive predictions based upon the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI)
rule, in comparison to an enhancement by a factor $\sim 3$ previously observed
at higher beam momenta. The modest increase of this enhancement near the
production threshold is compared to the much larger increase of the
$\phi/\omega$ ratio observed in specific channels of $\bar pp$ annihilation
experiments. Furthermore, differential cross section results are also presented
which indicate that although the $\phi$ meson is predominantly produced from a
$^3P_1$ proton-proton entrance channel, other partial waves contribute
significantly to the production mechanism at this beam momentum.


title:
Production of Charged Pions, Kaons and Antikaons in Relativistic C+C and
  C+Au Collisions

abstract:
  Production cross sections of charged pions, kaons and antikaons have been
measured in C+C and C+Au collisions at beam energies of 1.0 and 1.8 AGeV for
different polar emission angles. The kaon and antikaon energy spectra can be
described by Boltzmann distributions whereas the pion spectra exhibit an
additional enhancement at low energies. The pion multiplicity per participating
nucleon M(pi+)/A_part is a factor of about 3 smaller in C+Au than in C+C
collisions at 1.0 AGeV whereas it differs only little for the C and the Au
target at a beam energy of 1.8 AGeV. The K+ multiplicities per participating
nucleon M(K+)/A_part are independent of the target size at 1 AGeV and at 1.8
AGeV. The K- multiplicity per participating nucleon M(K-)/A_part is reduced by
a factor of about 2 in C+Au as compared to C+C collisions at 1.8 AGeV. This
effect might be caused by the absorption of antikaons in the heavy target
nucleus. Transport model calculations underestimate the K-/K+ ratio for C+C
collisions at 1.8 AGeV by a factor of about 4 if in-medium modifications of K
mesons are neglected.


title: First observation of 55,56Zn

abstract:
  In an experiment at the SISSI/LISE3 facility of GANIL, the most proton-rich
zinc isotopes 55,56Zn have been observed for the first time. The experiment was
performed using a high-intensity 58Ni beam at 74.5 MeV/nucleon impinging on a
nickel target. The identification of 55,56Zn opens the way to 54Zn, a good
candidate for two-proton radioactivity according to theoretical predictions.


title: Decay of proton-rich nuclei between 39Ti and 49Ni

abstract:
  Decay studies of very neutron-deficient nuclei ranging from 39Ti to 49Ni have
been performed during a projectile fragmentation experiment at the GANIL/LISE3
separator. For all nuclei studied in this work, 39,40Ti, 42,43Cr, 46Mn,
45,46,47Fe and 49Ni, half-lives and decay spectra have been measured. In a few
cases, gamma coincidence measurements helped to successfully identify the
initial and final states of transitions. In these cases, partial decay scheme
are proposed. For the most exotic isotopes, 39Ti, 42Cr, 45Fe and 49Ni, which
are candidates for two-proton radioactivity from the ground state, no clear
evidence of this process is seen in our spectra and we conclude rather on a
delayed particle decay.


title: Observation of $\rho / \omega$ Meson Modification in Nuclear Matter

abstract:
  We have measured invariant mass spectra of electron-positron pairs in the
target rapidity region of 12GeV p+A reactions. We have observed a significant
difference in the mass spectra below the $\omega$ meson between p+C and p+Cu
interactions. The difference is interpreted as a signature of the $\rho/\omega$
modification at normal nuclear-matter density.


title:
Radioactive 7Be targets for measurements of the cross section of the
  7Be(p,gamma) reaction

abstract:
  The interpretation of the most recent solar neutrinos experiments requires a
good knowledge of the cross section of the reaction 7Be(p,gamma)8B at very
small energy (Ecm=18 keV). We have recently measured this cross section for
Ecm=0.35-1.4 MeV and for Ecm=0.112-0.190 MeV. We report here on the description
of the preparation of the radioactive targets of 7Be used in these experiments.


title:
Analysis of data on low-energy gamma-p scattering and determination of
  proton polarizabilities

abstract:
  An analysis of all experimental data of 50's - 90's on elastic gamma-p
scattering at photon energies below 150 MeV (10 experimental works) is
performed in order to determine the electric (alpha_p) and magnetic (beta_p)
polarizabilities of the proton. A fit of these data with the two free
parameters, alpha_p and beta_p, embedded into a theoretical cross section
obtained on the basis of finite-energy s-channel dispersion relations gives the
following world-average values of the proton polarizabilities (in units of
10^{-4} fm^3): alpha_p = 11.7 +- 0.8 (stat+sys) +- 0.7 (model), beta_p = 2.3 +-
0.9 (stat+sys) +- 0.7 (model), where the first error takes into account
statistical and systematic errors of the experimental cross sections and the
second error does model uncertainties in the theoretical cross section.


title:
Antimatter and Matter Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at CERN (The
  NEWMASS Experiment NA52)

abstract:
  Besides the dedicated search for strangelets NA52 measures light
(anti)particle and (anti)nuclei production over a wide range of rapidity.
Compared to previous runs the statistics has been increased in the 1998 run by
more than one order of magnitude for negatively charged objects at different
spectrometer rigidities. Together with previous data taking at a rigidity of
-20 GeV/c we obtained 10^6 antiprotons 10^3 antideuterons and two antihelium3
without centrality requirements. We measured nuclei and antinuclei
(p,d,antiprotons, antideuterons) near midrapidity covering an impact parameter
range of b=2-12 fm. Our results strongly indicate that nuclei and antinuclei
are mainly produced via the coalescence mechanism. However the centrality
dependence of the antibaryon to baryon ratios show that antibaryons are
diminished due to annihilation and breakup reactions in the hadron dense
environment. The volume of the particle source extracted from coalescence
models agrees with results from pion interferometry for an expanding source.
The chemical and thermal freeze-out of nuclei and antinuclei appear to coincide
with each other and with the thermal freeze-out of hadrons.


title: Proton-deuteron elastic scattering at low energies

abstract:
  We present measurements of differential cross sections and the analyzing
powers A_y, iT11, T20, T21, and T22 at E_c.m.=431.3 keV. In addition, an
excitation function of iT11(theta_c.m.=87.8 degrees) for 431.3 <= E_c.m. <=
2000 keV is presented. These data are compared to calculations employing
realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions, both with and without three-nucleon
forces. Excellent agreement with the tensor analyzing powers and cross section
is found, while the Ay and iT11 data are found to be underpredicted by the
calculations.


title: Observation of the scissors mode in the quasicontinuum

abstract:
  The experimental resonance parameters of the pygmy resonance in rare earth
nuclei are compared to global parameters of the scissors-mode states. It is
argued that the pygmy resonance in rare earth nuclei can be described in terms
of orbital M1 strength observed in (gamma,gamma') experiments. The pygmy
resonance is therefore interpreted as the scissors mode in the quasicontinuum.


title: Simultaneous Measurements of the $p+d\to (A=3) +\pi$ Reactions

abstract:
  A stack of annular detectors made of high purity germanium was used to
measure simultaneously $pd\to {^3H} \pi^+$ and $pd\to {^3He} \pi^0$
differential cross sections at beam momenta of 750 MeV/c, 800 MeV/c, and 850
MeV/c over a large angular range. The extracted total cross sections for the
$pd\to {^3He} \pi^0$ reactions bridge a gap between near threshold data and
those in the resonance region. The ratio of the cross sections for the two
reaction channels taken at the same $\eta={p^{cm}_\pi}/m_\pi$ yields
$2.11\pm0.08$ indicating that a deviation from isospin symmetry is very small.


title: Quest for double beta decay of 160-Gd and Ce isotopes

abstract:
  The double beta decay study of 160-Gd has been performed in the Solotvina
Underground Laboratory with the help of Gd_2SiO_5(Ce) crystal scintillator
(volume 95 cc). The background of the detector in the vicinity of the 2 beta
energy of 160-Gd was reduced to 1.0 cpd/keV kg. The new improved half-life
limits have been established for neutrinoless 2 beta decay of 160-Gd to the
ground and first excited levels of 160-Dy: T1/2 > 2.3(1.3)E21 yr at 68%(90%)
C.L. The T1/2 bounds have been also set for two neutrino mode as well as for 2
beta decay with Majorons emission. Also the limits were established for
different 2 beta decay processes in 136-Ce, 138-Ce and 142-Ce.


title:
A linear radiofrequency ion trap for accumulation, bunching, and
  emittance improvement of radioactive ion beams

abstract:
  An ion beam cooler and buncher has been developed for the manipulation of
radioactive ion beams. The gas-filled linear radiofrequency ion trap system is
installed at the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. Its
purpose is to accumulate the 60-keV continuous ISOLDE ion beam with high
efficiency and to convert it into low-energy low-emittance ion pulses. The
efficiency was found to exceed 10% in agreement with simulations. A more than
10-fold reduction of the ISOLDE beam emittance can be achieved. The system has
been used successfully for first on-line experiments. Its principle, setup and
performance will be discussed.


title:
Fragmentation of relativistic oxygen nuclei in interactions with a
  proton

abstract:
  The data on investigation of inelastic interactions of $16^O$ nuclei with a
proton at 3.25 A GeV/c momentum by the bubble chamber method are presented. The
separate characteristics as fragments isotopic composition and as topo-logical
cross sections of fragmentation channels are given. The processes of light
fragments formation and breakup of $16^O$ nucleus on multicharge fragments have
been investigated. The comparison of experimental data with the calculations by
statistical multifragmentation model was conducted.


title: Thin Ice Target for $^{16}$O(p,p') experiment

abstract:
  A windowless and self-supporting ice target is described. An ice sheet with a
thickness of 29.7 mg/cm$^2$ cooled by liquid nitrogen was placed at the target
position of a magnetic spectrometer and worked stably in the $^{16}$O$(p,p')$
experiment at $E_{p}=392$ MeV. Background-free spectra were obtained.


title:
Dynamics of Heavy-Ion Collisions at Fermi Energies: Challenges and
  Opportunities

abstract:
  The dynamics of heavy-ion reactions at Fermi energies is dominated by a
dissipative mechanism modified by the concurrent emission of non-statistical
nucleons, light particles, and nuclear clusters. Experimental observables are
available to monitor the relaxation processes driving the evolution of an
interacting nuclear system towards equilibrium. Isospin degrees of freedom
provide interesting new access to fundamental information on the reaction
mechanism and the effective in-medium nucleonic interactions.


title: Localized Charged-Neutral Fluctuations in 158 A GeV Pb+Pb Collisions

abstract:
  First results on the measurement of localized fluctuations in the
multiplicity of charged particles and photons produced in central 158 A GeV
Pb+Pb collisions are presented. The charged versus neutral correlations in
common phase space regions of varying azimuthal size are analyzed by two
different methods. The measured results are compared to those from simulations
and to those from different types of mixed events. The comparison indicates the
presence of non-statistical fluctuations in both charged particle and photon
multiplicities in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated
charge-neutral fluctuations are observed.


title: Splitting of the Dipole and Spin-Dipole Resonances

abstract:
  Cross sections for the 90,92,94Zr(p,n) reactions were measured at energies of
79.2 and 119.4 MeV. A phenomenological model was developed to describe the
variation with bombarding energy of the position of the L=1 peak observed in
these and other (p,n) reactions. The model yields the splitting between the
giant dipole and giant spin dipole resonances. Values of these splittings are
obtained for isotopes of Zr and Sn and for 208Pb.


title: Identical transitions in the strongly deformed Sr-99 and Sr-100

abstract:
  The decay of the very neutron-rich nucleus Rb-100 has been studied by
gamma-spectroscopy of on-line mass-separated samples. Schemes for beta-decay to
Sr-100 and beta-n-decay to Sr-99 are presented. New sets of transitions in
Sr-99 and Sr-100 with identical energies are observed. All identical bands so
far observed in neutron-rich Sr isotopes obey a simple energy rule valid for
even-even, odd-even and odd-odd bands.


title:
Neutral Pions and Eta Mesons as Probes of the Hadronic Fireball in
  Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions around 1A GeV

abstract:
  Chemical and thermal freeze-out of the hadronic fireball formed in symmetric
collisions of light, intermediate-mass, and heavy nuclei at beam energies
between 0.8A GeV and 2.0A GeV are discussed in terms of an equilibrated,
isospin-symmetric ideal hadron gas with grand-canonical baryon-number
conservation. For each collision system the baryochemical potential mu_B and
the chemical freeze-out temperature T_c are deduced from the inclusive neutral
pion and eta yields which are augmented by interpolated data on deuteron
production. With increasing beam energy mu_B drops from 800 MeV to 650 MeV,
while T_c rises from 55 MeV to 90 MeV. For given beam energy mu_B grows with
system size, whereas T_c remains constant. The centrality dependence of the
freeze-out parameters is weak as exemplified by the system Au+Au at 0.8A GeV.
For the highest beam energies the fraction of nucleons excited to resonance
states reaches freeze-out values of nearly 15 %, suggesting resonance densities
close to normal nuclear density at maximum compression. In contrast to the
particle yields, which convey the status at chemical freeze-out, the shapes of
the related transverse-mass spectra do reflect thermal freeze-out. The observed
thermal freeze-out temperatures T_th are equal to or slightly lower than T_c,
indicative of nearly simultaneous chemical and thermal freeze-out.


title:
Centrality Dependence of Charged Particle Multiplicity in Au-Au
  Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV

abstract:
  We present results for the charged-particle multiplicity distribution at
mid-rapidity in Au - Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV measured with the
PHENIX detector at RHIC. For the 5% most central collisions we find
$dN_{ch}/d\eta_{|\eta=0} = 622 \pm 1 (stat) \pm 41 (syst)$. The results,
analyzed as a function of centrality, show a steady rise of the particle
density per participating nucleon with centrality.


title:
Evidence for Thermal Equilibration in Multifragmentation Reactions
  probed with Bremsstrahlung Photons

abstract:
  The production of nuclear bremsstrahlung photons (E$_{\gamma}>$ 30 MeV) has
been studied in inclusive and exclusive measurements in four heavy-ion
reactions at 60{\it A} MeV. The measured photon spectra, angular distributions
and multiplicities indicate that a significant part of the hard-photons are
emitted in secondary nucleon-nucleon collisions from a thermally equilibrated
system. The observation of the thermal component in multi-fragment
$^{36}$Ar+$^{197}$Au reactions suggests that the breakup of the thermalized
source produced in this system occurs on a rather long time-scale.


title: Status of experimental investigations of $\eta$-mesic nuclei

abstract:
  Short history of ideas concerning a possible existence of bound states of the
$\eta$-meson and a nucleus is considered. First experiments at BNL and LAMPF on
searching for these states are discussed. Another recent experiment using the
photon beam of the 1 GeV electron synchrotron of LPI is described. Possible
experiments on studying $\eta$-mesic nuclei using a proton beam (at Nuclotron
of Dubna) and a $\gamma$-beam (CEBAF, JLAB) are suggested.


title:
Search for NN-decoupled dibaryons using the process $pp \to \gamma
  \gamma X$ below the pion production threshold

abstract:
  The energy spectrum for high energy $\gamma$-rays ($E_\gamma \geq 10$ MeV)
from the process $pp \to \gamma \gamma X$ emitted at $90^0$ in the laboratory
frame has been measured at an energy below the pion production threshold,
namely, at 216 MeV. The resulting photon energy spectrum extracted from
$\gamma-\gamma$ coincidence events consists of a narrow peak at a photon energy
of about 24 MeV and a relatively broad peak in the energy range of (50 - 70)
MeV. The statistical significances for the narrow and broad peaks are
5.3$\sigma$ and 3.5$\sigma$, respectively. This behavior of the photon energy
spectrum is interpreted as a signature of the exotic dibaryon resonance
$d^\star_1$ with a mass of about 1956 MeV which is assumed to be formed in the
radiative process $pp \to \gamma d^\star_1$ followed by its electromagnetic
decay via the $d^\star_1 \to pp \gamma$ mode. The experimental spectrum is
compared with those obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations.


title:
Differential Cross Sections Measurement for the $pp\to d\pi^+$ Reaction
  at 850 MeV/c

abstract:
  The present data support a large anisotropy in accordance with phase shift
predictions and in contrast to another recent experiment.


title: Directed Flow of $\Lambda$-Hyperons in 2-6 AGeV Au+Au Collisions

abstract:
  Directed flow measurements for $\Lambda$-hyperons are presented and compared
to those for protons produced in the same Au+Au collisions (2, 4, and 6 AGeV;
$b < 5 - 6$ fm). The measurements indicate that $\Lambda$-hyperons flow
consistently in the same direction and with smaller magnitudes than those of
protons. Such a strong positive flow [for $\Lambda$s] has been predicted in
calculations which include the influence of the $\Lambda$-nucleon potential.
The experimental flow ratio $\Lambda$/p is in qualitative agreement with
expectations ($\sim 2/3$) from the quark counting rule at 2 AGeV but is found
to decrease with increasing beam energy.


title: Anti-flow of K$^0_s$ Mesons in 6 AGeV Au + Au Collisions

abstract:
  We have measured the sideward flow of neutral strange ($K^0_s$) mesons in 6
AGeV Au + Au collisions. A prominent anti-flow signal is observed for an impact
parameter range (b $\lesssim 7$ fm) which spans central and mid-central events.
Since the $K^0_s$ scattering cross section is relatively small in nuclear
matter, this observation suggests that the in-medium kaon vector potential
plays an important role in high density nuclear matter.


title: Three-body correlations in Borromean halo nuclei

abstract:
  Three-body correlations in the dissociation of two-neutron halo nuclei are
explored using a technique based on intensity interferometry and Dalitz plots.
This provides for the combined treatment of both the n-n and core-n
interactions in the exit channel. As an example, the breakup of 14Be into
12Be+n+n by Pb and C targets has been analysed and the halo n-n separation
extracted. A finite delay between the emission of the neutrons in the reaction
on the C target was observed and is attributed to 13Be resonances populated in
sequential breakup.


title: Subthreshold rho-0 Photoproduction on 2H, 3He and 12C

abstract:
  The rho-0 has been photoproduced using tagged photon energies in the 700-1120
MeV region on 2H, 3He and 12C by utilizing the Fermi momentum of the bound
nucleons to produce the rho-0. These energies lie mostly below the production
threshold on the free proton. Large mass modifications are indicated from the
analysis, together with large polarizations of the produced rho-0 mesons with
helicity zero, unlike the case of coherent rho-0 production on nuclei.


title: Search for Critical Phenomena in Pb+Pb Collisions

abstract:
  NA44 uses a 512 channel Si pad array covering $1.5 <\eta < 3.3$ to study
charged hadron production in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS. We apply a
multiresolution analysis, based on a Discrete Wavelet Transformation, to probe
the texture of particle distributions event-by-event, by simultaneous
localization of features in space and scale. Scanning a broad range of
multiplicities, we look for a possible critical behaviour in the power spectra
of local density fluctuations. The data are compared with detailed simulations
of detector response, using heavy ion event generators, and with a reference
sample created via event mixing.


title: Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules

abstract:
  Studies of muonic hydrogen atoms and molecules have been performed
traditionally in bulk targets of gas, liquid or solid. At TRIUMF, Canada's
meson facility, we have developed a new type of target system using multilayer
thin films of solid hydrogen, which provides a beam of muonic hydrogen atoms in
vacuum. Using the time-of-flight of the muonic atoms, the energy-dependent
information of muonic reactions are obtained in direct manner. We discuss some
unique measurements enabled by the new technique, with emphasis on processes
relevant to muon catalyzed fusion.


title: Antilambda production in Au+Au collisions at 11.7 A GeV/c

abstract:
  We present results from Experiment E917 for antilambda and antiproton
production in Au+Au collisions at 11.7 A GeV. We have measured invariant
spectra and yields for both species in central and peripheral collisions. We
find that the antilambda/antiproton ratio near mid-rapidity increases from
0.26+0.19-0.15 in peripheral collisions to 3.6+4.7-1.8 in central collisions, a
value that is substantially larger than current theoretical estimates.


title:
Direct comparison of phase-space distributions of K- and K+ mesons in
  heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies - evidence for in-medium modifications
  of kaons ?

abstract:
  The ratio of K- to K+ meson yields has been measured in the systems RuRu at
1.69 A GeV, Ru+Zr at 1.69 A GeV, and Ni+Ni at 1.93 A GeV incident beam kinetic
energy. The yield ratio is observed to vary across the measured phase space.
Relativistic transport-model calculations indicate that the data are best
understood if in-medium modifications of the kaons are taken into account.


title: S17(0) Determined from the Coulomb Breakup of 83 MeV/nucleon 8B

abstract:
  A kinematically complete measurement was made of the Coulomb dissociation of
8B nuclei on a Pb target at 83 MeV/nucleon. The cross section was measured at
low relative energies in order to infer the astrophysical S factor for the
7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction. A first-order perturbation theory analysis of the
reaction dynamics including E1, E2, and M1 transitions was employed to extract
the E1 strength relevant to neutrino-producing reactions in the solar interior.
By fitting the measured cross section from Erel = 130 keV to 400 keV, we find
S17(0) = 17.8 (+1.4, -1.2) eV b.


title:
Mass spectra measurement in the reaction (p,2p) at protons energy 500
  MeV on nuclei C,Al,Cu and Pb

abstract:
  Mass spectra of the reaction (p,2p) at the beam energy 500 MeV on nuclei
C,Al,Cu and Pb were measured on two-armed nonmagnetic scintillation
spectrometer (candlepower - 0.2 sr, mass allowance - 4 MeV), which is lokated
on the TRIUMF cyclotron (Canada). Observable anomalies in these spectra can be
stipulated by forming of two-nucleon resonance states.


title:
Universal fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions in the Fermi energy
  domain

abstract:
  We discuss the scaling laws of both the charged fragments multiplicity
fluctuations and the charge of the largest fragment fluctuations for Xe+Sn
collisions in the range of bombarding energies between 25 MeV/A and 50 MeV/A.
We show close to E_{lab}=32 MeV/A the transition in the fluctuation regime of
the charge of the largest fragment which is compatible with the transition from
the ordered to disordered phase of excited nuclear matter. The size (charge) of
the largest fragment is closely related to the order parameter characterizing
this process.


title: Calibration of the STAR Forward Time Projection Chamber with Krypton-83m

abstract:
  The principles of the calibration of a time projection chamber with
radioactive Krypton-83 are explained. The calculation of gain correction
factors and the methods of obtaining a precise energy calibration are
illustrated. The properties and advantages of \nuc{83m}{Kr} are summarized and
compared to other radioactive calibration sources. It was shown that the
Krypton calibration for the STAR FTPC is feasible and recommendable although
the pad geometry of the FTPC causes a considerable deterioration of the
measured spectrum due to only partially detected charge clusters.


title: Low energy measurement of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B cross section

abstract:
  We have measured the cross section of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction for E_cm =
185.8 keV, 134.7 keV and 111.7 keV using a radioactive 7Be target (132 mCi).
Single and coincidence spectra of beta^+ and alpha particles from 8B and 8Be^*
decay, respectively, were measured using a large acceptance spectrometer. The
zero energy S factor inferred from these data is 18.5 +/- 2.4 eV b and a
weighted mean value of 18.8 +/- 1.7 eV b (theoretical uncertainty included) is
deduced when combining this value with our previous results at higher energies.


title: Strange Magnetism and the Anapole Structure of the Proton

abstract:
  The violation of mirror symmetry in the weak force provides a powerful tool
to study the internal structure of the proton. Experimental results have been
obtained that address the role of strange quarks in generating nuclear
magnetism. The measurement reported here provides an unambiguous constraint on
strange quark contributions to the proton's magnetic moment through the
electron-proton weak interaction. We also report evidence for the existence of
a parity-violating electromagnetic effect known as the anapole moment of the
proton. The proton's anapole moment is not yet well understood theoretically,
but it could have important implications for precision weak interaction studies
in atomic systems such as cesium.


title: Hyperfine Structure Measurements of Antiprotonic Helium and Antihydrogen

abstract:
  This paper describes measurements of the hyperfine structure of two
antiprotonic atoms that are planned at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN.
The first part deals with antiprotonic helium, a three-body system of
alpha-particle, antiproton and electron that was previously studied at LEAR. A
measurement will test existing three-body calculations and may - through
comparison with these theories - determine the magnetic moment of the
antiproton more precisely than currently available, thus providing a test of
CPT invariance. The second system, antihydrogen, consisting of an antiproton
and a positron, is planned to be produced at thermal energies at the AD. A
measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting, which for hydrogen is one
of the most accurately measured physical quantities, will directly yield a
precise value for the magnetic moment of the antiproton, and also compare the
internal structure of proton and antiproton through the contribution of the
magnetic size of the antiproton to the ground state hyperfine splitting.


title: Compton Scattering by the Proton

abstract:
  Compton scattering by the proton has been measured over a wide range covering
photon energies 250 MeV < E_\gamma < 800 MeV and photon scattering angles 30^0
< \theta^{lab}_\gamma < 150^0, using the tagged-photon facility at MAMI (Mainz)
and the large-acceptance arrangement LARA. The data are in good agreement with
the dispersion theory based on the SAID-SM99K parameterization of photo-meson
amplitudes. From the subset of data between 280 and 360 MeV the resonance
pion-photoproduction amplitudes were evaluated leading to the multipole E2/M1
ratio EMR(340 MeV) =(-1.6 \pm 0.4(stat+syst) \pm 0.2(model)%. From all data
below 455 MeV the proton's backward spin polarizability was determined to be
\gamma_\pi=(-37.9 \pm 0.6(stat+syst) \pm 3.5(model))x10^{-4}fm^4.


title: x- and xi-scaling of the Nuclear Structure Function at Large x

abstract:
  Inclusive electron scattering data are presented for ^2H and Fe targets at an
incident electron energy of 4.045 GeV for a range of momentum transfers from
Q^2 = 1 to 7 (GeV/c)^2. Data were taken at Jefferson Laboratory for low values
of energy loss, corresponding to values of Bjorken x greater than or near 1.
The structure functions do not show scaling in x in this range, where inelastic
scattering is not expected to dominate the cross section. The data do show
scaling, however, in the Nachtmann variable \xi. This scaling may be the result
of Bloom Gilman duality in the nucleon structure function combined with the
Fermi motion of the nucleons in the nucleus. The resulting extension of scaling
to larger values of \xi opens up the possibility of accessing nuclear structure
functions in the high-x region at lower values of Q^2 than previously believed.


title: The hyperfine transition in light muonic atoms of odd Z

abstract:
  The hyperfine (hf) transition rates for muonic atoms have been re-measured
for select light nuclei, using neutron detectors to evaluate the time
dependence of muon capture. For $^{19}$F $\Lambda$$_{h}$ = 5.6 (2)
$\mu$s$^{-1}$ for the hf transition rate, a value which is considerably more
accurate than previous measurements. Results are also reported for Na, Al, P,
Cl, and K; that result for P is the first positive identification.


title:
The comparative analysis of channels of three \alpha-particles and ^12C
  nuclei production in ^16Op-collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c

abstract:
  New experimental data of the comparative analysis of channels of the
production of three \alpha-particles and ^12C nuclei in ^16Op-collisions at
3.25 A GeV/c are submitted. It is shown, that the channel with the three
\alpha-particles production is realised in a half part of events as a result of
decay of an excited ^12C^* nucleus, and the rest part of the channel - by the
knocking-out of one \alpha-cluster from the weakly bound residual nucleus,
containing three \alpha-clusters. The modelling of the decay of an excited
system on the model of isotropic phase space is justified at small values of
excitation energy and, nevertheless, it allows to take the valuable additional
information about the dynamics of investigated process from experimental data.


title:
Transition from Thermal to Rapid Expansion in Multifragmentation of Gold
  Induced by Light Relativistic Projectiles

abstract:
  Multiple emission of intermediate-mass fragments has been studied for the
collisions of p, $^4$He and $^{12}$C on Au with the $4\pi$ setup FASA. In the
case of $^{12}$C(22.4 GeV)+Au and $^4$He(14.6 GeV)+Au collisions, the
deviations from a pure thermal break-up are seen in the energy spectra of the
emitted fragments: the spectra are harder than calculated and than measured in
p-induced collisions. This difference is attributed to a collective flow with
the expansion velocity on the surface about 0.1 $c$ (for $^{12}$C+Au
collisions).


title:
Search for emission of unstable $^8$Be clusters from hot $^40$Ca and
  $^56$Ni nuclei

abstract:
  The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations is investigated in
the $^{40}$Ca and $^{56}$Ni di-nuclear systems as formed in the $^{28}$Si +
$^{12}$C and $^{28}$Si + $^{28}$Si reactions, respectively, by using the
properties of emitted light charged particles. Inclusive as well as exclusive
data of the heavy fragments (A $\geq$ 6) and their associated light charged
particles (p, d, t, and $\alpha$-particles) have been collected at the IReS
Strasbourg VIVITRON Tandem facility with two bombarding energies
$E_{lab}(^{28}$Si) = 112 and 180 MeV by using the ICARE charged particle
multidetector array, which consists of nearly 40 telescopes. The measured
energy spectra, velocity distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular
correlations are analysed by Monte Carlo CASCADE statistical-model calculations
using a consistent set of parameters with spin-dependent level densities.
Although significant deformation effects at high spin are needed, the remaining
disagreement observed in the $^{28}$Si + $^{12}$C reaction for the S
evaporation residue suggests an unexpected large unstable $^{8}$Be cluster
emission of a binary nature.


title: HBT in Relativisitic Heavy Ion Collisions

abstract:
  A summary of current interferometry data in relativistic heavy ions is
presented. At sqrt{s}=17GeV a sudden increase in the pion source volume is
observed for central PbPb collisions.
  This seems to imply that the pion phase density has reached a limit.
  The source size of different particles decreases with mass when the
transverse velocity is held constant but increases with mass when the
transverse mass is held constant. The antiproton source radius is larger than
the proton source radius. So far no long lived source has been seen. The pion
source size varies slowly with rapidity but more rapidly with transverse mass
implying strong transverse flow. There is very slow increase of pion radii with
sqrt{s}.


title: Radiative proton capture on $^6$He

abstract:
  Radiative capture of protons is investigated as a probe of clustering in
nuclei far from stability. The first such measurement on a halo nucleus is
reported here for the reaction $^6$He(p,$\gamma$) at 40 MeV. Capture into
$^7$Li is observed as the strongest channel. In addition, events have been
recorded that may be described by quasi-free capture on a halo neutron, the
$\alpha$ core and $^5$He. The possibility of describing such events by capture
into the continuum of $^7$Li is also discussed.


title: Forward Energy and Multiplicity in Au-Au reactions at sqrt{S}=130GeV

abstract:
  For relativistic heavy ion collisions the energy flow in the collision
reveals information on the equation of state of matter at high density. The
BRAHMS experiment has studied the relation between multipliciity in the
sidewards direction and zero degree energy using our Tile Multiplicity Array
and Zero Degree Calorimeters. To understand this spectrum requires a knowledge
of the coalesence of nucleons that are close in phase space. We have also
studied electromagnetic collisions and compared our results to lower energy
data. As the center of mass energy increases, each nucleus sees a stronger
electromagnetic field resulting in more energy being absorbed. This in turn
causes an increase in the neutron multiplicity.


title: Measurement of the Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea

abstract:
  A precise measurement of the ratio of Drell-Yan yields from an 800 GeV/c
proton beam incident on liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets is reported. Over
370,000 Drell-Yan muon pairs were recorded. From these data, the ratio of
anti-down ($\bar{d}$) to anti-up ($\bar{u}$) quark distributions in the proton
sea is determined over a wide range in Bjorken-x. A strong x dependence is
observed in the ratio $\bar{d}/\bar{u}$. From this result, the integral of
$(\bar{d}-\bar{u})$ is evaluated for 0.015<x<0.35 and compared with deep
inelastic scattering results. The origin of this asymmetry is probably due to
non-perturbative effects such as those contained in pion cloud models. This
measurement has instigated new global fits since previous parameterizations of
the proton could not accommodate this large asymmetry.


title:
One and two dimensional analysis of 3pi correlations measured in Pb+Pb
  interactions

abstract:
  3pi- correlations from Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon are
presented as measured by the focusing spectrometer of the NA44 experiment at
CERN. The three-body effect is found to be stronger for PbPb than for SPb. The
two-dimensional three-particle correlation function is also measured and the
longitudinal extension of the source is larger than the transverse extension.


title:
Deformation effects in the $^{28}$Si+$^{12}$C and $^{28}$Si+$^{28}$Si
  reaction Search

abstract:
  The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations is investigated in
the $^{40}$Ca and $^{56}$Ni di-nuclear systems as formed in the
$^{28}$Si+$^{12}$C,$^{28}$Si reactions by using the properties of emitted light
charged particles. Inclusive as well as exclusive data of the heavy fragments
and their associated light charged particles have been collected by using the
{\sc ICARE} charged particle multidetector array. The data are analysed by
Monte Carlo CASCADE statistical-model calculations using a consistent set of
parameters with spin-dependent level densities. Significant deformation effects
at high spin are observed as well as an unexpected large $^{8}$Be cluster
emission of a binary nature.


title:
Experimental evidence for spinodal decomposition in multifragmentation
  of heavy systems

abstract:
  Multifragmentation of fused systems was observed for central collisions
between 32 AMeV 129Xe and Sn, and 36 AMeV 155Gd and U. Previous extensive
comparisons between the two systems led to the hypothesis of spinodal
decomposition of finite systems as the origin of multifragmentation for
incident energies around 30 AMeV. New results on velocity and charge
correlations of fragments bring strong arguments in favor of this
interpretation.


title: Experimental signals of the first phase transition of nuclear matter

abstract:
  Vaporized and multifragmenting sources produced in heavy ion collisions at
intermediate energies are good candidates to investigate the phase diagram of
nuclear matter. The properties of highly excited nuclear sources which undergo
a simultaneous disassembly into particles are found to sign the presence of a
gas phase. For heavy nuclear sources produced in the Fermi energy domain, which
undergo a simultaneous disassembly into particles and fragments, a fossil
signal (fragment size correlations) reveals the origin of
multifragmentation:spinodal instabilities which develop in the unstable
coexistence region of the phase diagram of nuclear matter. Studies of
fluctuations give a direct signature of a first order phase transition through
measurements of a negative microcanonical heat capacity.


title: Prototype tests for the ALICE TRD

abstract:
  A Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) has been designed to improve the
electron identification and trigger capability of the ALICE experiment at the
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. We present results from tests of a
prototype of the TRD concerning pion rejection for different methods of
analysis over a momentum range from 0.7 to 2 GeV/c. We investigate the
performance of different radiator types, composed of foils, fibres and foams.


title: Near Threshold K+K- Meson-Pair Production in Proton-Proton Collisions

abstract:
  The near threshold total cross section and angular distributions of K+K- pair
production via the reaction pp --> ppK+K- have been studied at an excess energy
of Q = 17 MeV using the COSY-11 facility at the cooler synchrotron COSY. The
obtained cross section as well as an upper limit at an excess energy of Q = 3
MeV represent the first measurements on the K+K- production in the region of
small excess energies where production via the channel pp --> pp Phi --> ppK+K-
is energetically forbidden. The possible influence of a resonant production via
intermediate scalar states f0(980) and a0(980) is discussed.


title:
Analysis of a Fossil Bone from the Archaeological Settlement Malu Rosu,
  Romania by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

abstract:
  A fossil bone from the archaeological site Malu Rosu Giurgiu, in Romania has
been analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry to estimate its age by
determining its $^{14}$C content. The radiocarbon age of the bone is in
agreement with the date obtained by the method for age determination, based on
fluorine content. This is the first radiocarbon dating for the final Neolithic
period, for this archaeological settlement in the Romanian region.


title: Magnetic trapping of ultracold neutrons

abstract:
  Three-dimensional magnetic confinement of neutrons is reported. Neutrons are
loaded into an Ioffe-type superconducting magnetic trap through inelastic
scattering of cold neutrons with 4He. Scattered neutrons with sufficiently low
energy and in the appropriate spin state are confined by the magnetic field
until they decay. The electron resulting from neutron decay produces
scintillations in the liquid helium bath that results in a pulse of extreme
ultraviolet light. This light is frequency downconverted to the visible and
detected. Results are presented in which 500 +/- 155 neutrons are magnetically
trapped in each loading cycle, consistent with theoretical predictions. The
lifetime of the observed signal, 660 s +290/-170 s, is consistent with the
neutron beta-decay lifetime.


title:
A new functional for charge and mass identification in Delta E-E
  telescopes

abstract:
  We propose a new functional for the charge and mass identification in Delta
E-E telescopes. This functional is based on Bethe's formula, allowing safe
interpolation or extrapolation in regions with low statistics. When applied to
telescopes involving detectors delivering a linear response, as silicon
detectors or ionization chambers, a good mass and charge identification is
achieved. For other detectors, as caesium-iodide used as a final member of a
telescope, a good accuracy is also obtained except in the low residual energy
region. A good identification is however recovered if a non-linear energy
dependence of the light output is included.


title:
The Los Alamos Spallation Driven Solid Deuterium Ultracold Neutron
  Source: Working Notes of March 30, 1998 with Embellishment

abstract:
  The working notes which led to the physics demonstration ultracold neutron
source that has been operated at Los Alamos are transcribed here. In addition
to the transcribed notes, included are a Prologue that describes the path that
led to be basic idea, and an Epilogue that describes some of the discoveries in
the implementation of the idea.