title: Surface multi-gap vector solitons

abstract:
  We analyze nonlinear collective effects near surfaces of semi-infinite
periodic systems with multi-gap transmission spectra and introduce a novel
concept of multi-gap surface solitons as mutually trapped surface states with
the components associated with different spectral gaps. We find numerically
discrete surface modes in semi-infinite binary waveguide arrays which can
support simultaneously two types of discrete solitons, and analyze different
multi-gap states including the soliton-induced waveguides with the guided modes
from different gaps and composite vector solitons.


title:
Computation of Nearly Exact 3D Electrostatic Field in Gas Ionization
  Detectors

abstract:
  The three-dimensional electrostatic field configuration in gas ionization
detectors has been simulated using an efficient and precise nearly exact
boundary element method (NEBEM) solver set up to solve an integral equation of
the first kind. This recently proposed formulation of BEM and the resulting
solver use exact analytic integral of Green function to compute the
electrostatic potential for charge distribution on flat surfaces satisfying
Poisson's equation. As a result, extremely precise results have been obtained
despite the use of relatively coarse discretization leading to successful
validation against analytical results available for two-dimensional MWPCs.
Significant three dimensional effects have been observed in the electrostatic
field configuration and also on the force experienced by the anode wires of
MWPCs. In order to illustrate the applicability of the NEBEM solver for
detector geometries having multiple dielectrics and degenerate surfaces, it has
been validated against available FEM and BEM numerical solutions for similar
geometries.


title:
Computation of Electrostatic Field near Three-Dimensional Corners and
  Edges

abstract:
  Theoretically, the electric field becomes infinite at corners of two and
three dimensions and edges of three dimensions. Conventional finite-element and
boundary element methods do not yield satisfactory results at close proximity
to these singular locations. In this paper, we describe the application of a
fast and accurate BEM solver (which usesexact analytic expressions to compute
the effect of source distributions on flatsurfaces) to compute the electric
field near three-dimensional corners and edges. Results have been obtained for
distances as close as 1$\mu m$ near the corner/edge and good agreement has been
observed between the present results and existing analytical solutions.


title:
Development of a BEM Solver using Exact Expressions for Computing the
  Influence of Singularity Distributions

abstract:
  Closed form expressions for three-dimensional potential and force field due
to singularities distributed on a finite flat surface have been used to develop
a fast and accurate BEM solver. The exact expressions have been investigated in
detail and found to be valid throughout the complete physical domain. Thus, it
has been possible to precisely simulate the complicated characteristics of the
potential and force field in the near-field domain. The BEM solver has been
used to compute the capacitance of a unit square plate and a unit cube. The
obtained values have compared well with very accurate values of the
capacitances available in the literature.


title: Computation of Electrostatic Properties of 3D MEMS Structures

abstract:
  Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) normally have fixed or moving
structures with cross-sections of the order of microns ($\mu m$) and lengths of
the order of tens or hundreds of microns. These structures are often plates or
array of thin beams which, owing to their smallness, can be moved or deflected
easily through the application of low voltages. Since electrostatic forces play
a very major role in maneuvering these devices, a thorough understanding of the
electrostatic properties of these structures is of critical importance,
especially in the design phase of MEMS. In many cases, the electrostatic
analysis of MEMS is carried out using boundary element method (BEM), while the
structural analysis is carried out using finite element method (FEM). In this
paper, we focus on accurate electrostatic analysis of MEMS using BEM. In
particular, we consider the problem of computing the charge distribution and
capacitance of thin conducting plates relevant to the numerical simulation of
MEMS. The reason behind the accuracy of the solver is the fact that it uses
closed-form analytic expressions that are valid seamlessly throughout the
physical domain for computing the influence coefficients. Thus, it is possible
to avoid one of the most serious approximations of the BEM, namely, the
assumption that the effect of a charge distributed over a boundary element can
be approximated by charge located at the centroid of the element. Comparison
with other results available in the literature seems to indicate that the
present results are more accurate than the existing ones.


title: Phenomenological Models of Socio-Economic Network Dynamics

abstract:
  We study a general set of models of social network evolution and dynamics.
The models consist of both a dynamics on the network and evolution of the
network. Links are formed preferentially between 'similar' nodes, where the
similarity is defined by the particular process taking place on the network.
The interplay between the two processes produces phase transitions and
hysteresis, as seen using numerical simulations for three specific processes.
We obtain analytic results using mean field approximations, and for a
particular case we derive an exact solution for the network. In common with
real-world social networks, we find coexistence of high and low connectivity
phases and history dependence.


title: On the Solution of Maxwell's First Order Equations

abstract:
  In an attempt to solve Maxwell's first order system of equations, starting
from a given initial state, it is found that a consistent solution depending on
the temporal evolution of the sources cannot be calculated. The well known
retarded solutions of the second order equations, which are based on the
introduction of potentials, turn out to be in disagreement with a direct
solution of the first order system.


title:
Abnormal filtering property based on the divergence of the impedance in
  ladder-shape network consisting of inductors and capacitors

abstract:
  The total impedance of a ladder-shape network consisting of inductors and
capacitors does not converge to a certain value when the steps of the network
increased. In this paper, we analyze this effect in frequency domain. We find
that in some band the impedance converge to a limit value while in other band
it doesn't. Based on this property in frequency, we propose a filter that
exhibits excellent performance both in amplitude and phase response. As a
validation of our result, the simulation of this filter was carried out on the
EDA software Multisim with respect to a practical circuit.


title:
Spurious detection of phase synchronization in coupled nonlinear
  oscillators

abstract:
  Coupled nonlinear systems under certain conditions exhibit phase
synchronization, which may change for different frequency bands or with
presence of additive system noise. In both cases, Fourier filtering is
traditionally used to preprocess data. We investigate to what extent the phase
synchronization of two coupled R\"{o}ssler oscillators depends on (1) the
broadness of their power spectrum, (2) the width of the band-pass filter, and
(3) the level of added noise. We find that for identical coupling strengths,
oscillators with broader power spectra exhibit weaker synchronization. Further,
we find that within a broad band width range, band-pass filtering reduces the
effect of noise but can lead to a spurious increase in the degree of
synchronization with narrowing band width, even when the coupling between the
two oscillators remains the same.


title:
Multiscale Entropy Analysis: A New Method to Detect Determinism in a
  Time Series

abstract:
  In this letter we show that the Multiscale Entropy (MSE) analysis can detect
the determinism in a time series.


title:
Modulational instability of partially coherent signals in electrical
  transmission lines

abstract:
  We present an investigation of the modulational instability of partially
coherent signals in electrical transmission lines. Starting from the modified
Ginzburg-Landau equations and the Wigner-Moyal representation, we derive a
nonlinear dispersion relation for the modulational instability. It is found
that the effect of signal broadbandness reduces the growth rate of the
modulational instability.


title: Asymmetries in Mars' Exosphere: Implications for X-ray and ENA Imaging

abstract:
  Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal
variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude
latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that
these latitude variations in exobase parameters induce asymmetries in the
hydrogen exosphere that propagate to large distances from the planet. We show
that these asymmetries in the exosphere produce asymmetries in the fluxes of
energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) and soft X-rays produced by charge exchange
between the solar wind and exospheric hydrogen. This could be an explanation
for asymmetries that have been observed in ENA and X-ray fluxes at Mars.


title:
Hardware performance of a scanning system for high speed analysis of
  nuclear emulsions

abstract:
  The use of nuclear emulsions in very large physics experiments is now
possible thanks to the recent improvements in the industrial production of
emulsions and to the development of fast automated microscopes. In this paper
the hardware performances of the European Scanning System (ESS) are described.
The ESS is a very fast automatic system developed for the mass scanning of the
emulsions of the OPERA experiment, which requires microscopes with scanning
speeds of about 20 cm^2/h in an emulsion volume of 44 micron thickness.


title: Gravitation Revisited

abstract:
  Gravitation has posed a puzzle and a problem for many decades. Attempts to
unify it with other fundamental interactions have failed. These problems and
puzzles have been underscored by the likes of Witten and Weinberg. We survey
this and argue that gravitation has a different character compared to other
fundamental interactions - it is an energy distributed over all the elementary
particles in the universe. The above puzzle and problem is resolved
satisfactorily. These considerations lead to a varying $G$ cosmology consistent
with observation. It is argued that apart from the usual tests, the above
explains in addition the anomalous accelerations of the Pioneer spacecrafts.
Further tests are also proposed.


title: Enhanced Optical Cooling of Ion Beams for LHC

abstract:
  The possibility of the enhanced optical cooling (EOC) of Lead ions in LHC is
investigated. Non-exponential feature of cooling and requirements to the ring
lattice, optical and laser systems are discussed. Comparison with optical
stochastic cooling (OSC) is represented.


title: Ceramic Methyltrioxorhenium

abstract:
  The metal oxide polymeric methyltrioxorhenium [(CH3)xReO3] is an unique
epresentative of a layered inherent conducting organometallic polymer which
adopts the structural motifs of classical perovskites in two dimensions (2D) in
form of methyl-deficient, corner-sharing ReO5(CH3) octahedra. In order to
improve the characteristics of polymeric methyltrioxorhenium with respect to
its physical properties and potential usage as an inherentconducting polymer we
tried to optimise the synthetic routes of polymeric modifications of 1 to
obtain a sintered ceramic material, denoted ceramic MTO. Ceramic MTO formed in
a solvent-free synthesis via auto-polymerisation and subsequent sintering
processing displays clearly different mechanical and physical properties from
polymeric MTO synthesised in aqueous solution. Ceramic MTO is shown to display
activated Re-C and Re=O bonds relative to MTO. These electronic and structural
characteristics of ceramic MTO are also reflected by a different chemical
reactivity compared with its monomeric parent compound. First examples of the
unprecedented reactivity of ceramic MTO in the field of amine oxidations are
shown - results which warrant further exploitation.


title:
Can there be a connection between the asymmetry of angular distribution
  of electrons in the beta-decay processes and the controlled nuclear fusion?

abstract:
  In the present article, basing on the well-known ideas, we demonstrate
existence of stable states of electron in the proper gravitational field. This
phenomenon effects in gravitational emission of the same kind with the
electromagnetic emission, which happens owing to the big constant of connection
of gravitational interaction on the quantum level.


title: Extension of Dirac theory and the classification of elementary particles

abstract:
  The Dirac theory implies the existence of an internal vector space, in
addition to spin space. Using Dirac's coupling of variables in internal space
to those in physical space, we construct a new configuration structure for
particles in the combined physical plus internal spaces. The importance of this
is that the internal degrees of freedom implicit in Dirac's theory allow a new
classification of elementary particles. An important consequence is the
prediction of a new type of quark. As expected, our theory groups fermions into
doublets, which are then divided into color singlets (leptons) and color
triplets (quarks), and which are then further divided into generation singlets
and generation triplets. If the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions is also
valid within a particle's internal space, then our theory makes two important
predictions. First, we can explain why the widely studied quarks (up, down,
charm, strange, top, bottom) cannot be observed as free states in nature.
Second, we predict the existence of a new quark which can indeed be observed as
a free state in nature, and whose wave function is antisymmetric in internal
space. W. M. Fairbank, a Guggenheim Fellow, has published experimental data
which supports our second prediction.


title: A heat-and-pull rig for fiber taper fabrication

abstract:
  We describe a reproducible method of fabricating adiabatic tapers with 3-4
micron diameter. The method is based on a heat-and-pull rig, whereby a CO2
laser is continuously scanned across a length of fiber that is being pulled
synchronously. Our system relies on a CO2 mirror mounted on a geared stepper
motor in order to scan the laser beam across the taper region. We show that
this system offers a reliable alternative to more traditional rigs
incorporating galvanometer scanners. We have routinely obtained transmission
losses between 0.1 and 0.3 dB indicating the satisfactory production of
adiabatic tapers. The operation of the rig is described in detail and an
analysis on the produced tapers is provided. The flexibility of the rig is
demonstrated by fabricating prolate dielectric microresonators using a
microtapering technique. Such a rig is of interest to a range of fields that
require tapered fiber fabrication such as microcavity-taper coupling, atom
guiding along a tapered fiber, optical fiber sensing and the fabrication of
fused biconical tapered couplers.


title:
Highly efficient multilayer organic pure-blue-light emitting diodes with
  substituted carbazoles compounds in the emitting layer

abstract:
  Bright blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on
1,4,5,8,N-pentamethylcarbazole (PMC) and on dimer of N-ethylcarbazole
(N,N'-diethyl-3,3'-bicarbazyl) (DEC) as emitting layers or as dopants in a
4,4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DPVBi) matrix are described. Pure
blue-light with the C.I.E. coordinates x = 0.153 y = 0.100, electroluminescence
efficiency \eta_{EL} of 0.4 cd/A, external quantum efficiency \eta_{ext.} of
0.6% and luminance L of 236 cd/m2 (at 60 mA/cm2) were obtained with PMC as an
emitter and the 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline (BCP) as a
hole-blocking material in five-layer emitting devices. The highest efficiencies
\eta_{EL.} of 4.7 cd/A, and \eta_{ext} = 3.3% were obtained with a four-layer
structure and a DPVBi DEC-doped active layer (CIE coordinates x = 0.158,
y=0.169, \lambda_{peak} = 456 nm). The \eta_{ext.} value is one the highest
reported at this wavelength for blue OLEDs and is related to an internal
quantum efficiency up to 20%.


title: Measurable Systems and Behavioral Sciences

abstract:
  Individual choices often depend on the order in which the decisions are made.
In this paper, we expose a general theory of measurable systems (an example of
which is an individual's preferences) allowing for incompatible (non-commuting)
measurements. The basic concepts are illustrated in an example of non-classical
rational choice. We conclude with a discussion of some of the basic properties
of non-classical systems in the context of social sciences. In particular, we
argue that the distinctive feature of non-classical systems translates into a
formulation of bounded rationality.


title:
Escape rate from a metastable state weakly interacting with a heat bath
  driven by an external noise

abstract:
  Based on a system-reservoir model, where the reservoir is driven by an
external stationary, Gaussian noise with arbitrary decaying correlation
function, we study the escape rate from a metastable state in the energy
diffusion regime. For the open system we derive the Fokker-Planck equation in
the energy space and subsequently calculate the generalized non-Markovian
escape rate from a metastable well in the energy diffusion domain. By
considering the dynamics in a model cubic potential we show that the results
obtained from numerical simulation are in good agreement with the theoretical
prediction. It has been also shown numerically that the well known turnover
feature can be restored from our model.


title: Ergodicity in Natural Earthquake Fault Networks

abstract:
  Numerical simulations have shown that certain driven nonlinear systems can be
characterized by mean-field statistical properties often associated with
ergodic dynamics [C.D. Ferguson, W. Klein, and J.B. Rundle, Phys. Rev. E 60,
1359 (1999); D. Egolf, Science 287, 101 (2000)]. These driven mean-field
threshold systems feature long-range interactions and can be treated as
equilibrium-like systems with dynamics that are statistically stationary over
long time intervals. Recently the equilibrium property of ergodicity was
identified in an earthquake fault system, a natural driven threshold system, by
means of the Thirumalai-Mountain (TM) fluctuation metric developed in the study
of diffusive systems [K.F. Tiampo, J.B. Rundle, W. Klein, J.S. Sa Martins, and
C. D. Ferguson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 238501 (2003)]. In this work we analyze
the seismicity of three naturally-occurring earthquake faults networks from a
variety of tectonic settings in an attempt to investigate the range of
applicability of effective ergodicity, using the TM metric and other, related
statistics. Results suggest that, once variations in the catalog data resulting
from technical and network issues are accounted for, all of these natural
earthquake systems display stationary periods of metastable equilibrium and
effective ergodicity that are disrupted by large events. We conclude that a
constant rate of events is an important prerequisite for these periods of
punctuated ergodicity, and that while the level of temporal variability in the
spatial statistics is the controlling factor in the ergodic behavior of seismic
networks, no single statistic is sufficient to ensure quantification of
ergodicity. Specifically, we demonstrate that stationarity, while a necessary
condition, is not sufficient to ensure ergodicity in fault systems.


title:
Enhanced production of coherent pulsed radiation at 125 nm: the route
  towards a tabletop VUV laser

abstract:
  A novel approach is used to enhance by nearly two orders of magnitude the
conversion efficiency of a 125 nm-coherent source, based on four-wave mixing in
room-temperature mercury vapor. Saturation issues are observed and discussed.


title:
Oblique electromagnetic instabilities for an ultra relativistic electron
  beam passing through a plasma

abstract:
  We present an investigation of the electromagnetic instabilities which are
trig gered when an ultra relativistic electron beam passes through a plasma.
The linear growth rate is computed for every direction of propagation of the
unstable modes, and temperatures are modelled using simple waterbag
distribution functions. The ultra relativistic unstable spectrum is located
around a very narrow band centered on a critical angle which value is given
analytically. The growth rate of modes propagating in this direction decreases
like k^(-1/3).


title:
Optical measurements of phase steps in segmented mirrors - fundamental
  precision limits

abstract:
  Phase steps are an important type of wavefront aberrations generated by large
telescopes with segmented mirrors. In a closed-loop correction cycle these
phase steps have to be measured with the highest possible precision using
natural reference stars, that is with a small number of photons. In this paper
the classical Fisher information of statistics is used for calculating the
Cramer-Rao bound, which determines the limit to the precision with which the
height of the steps can be estimated in an unbiased fashion with a given number
of photons and a given measuring device. Four types of measurement devices are
discussed: a Shack-Hartmann sensor with one small cylindrical lenslet covering
a sub-aperture centred over a border, a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a
Foucault test, and a curvature sensor. The Cramer-Rao bound is calculated for
all sensors under ideal conditions, that is narrowband measurements without
additional noise or disturbances apart from the photon shot noise. This limit
is compared with the ultimate quantum statistical limit for the estimate of
such a step which is independent of the measuring device. For the
Shack-Hartmann sensor, the effects on the Cramer-Rao bound of broadband
measurements, finite sampling, and disturbances such as atmospheric seeing and
detector readout noise are also investigated. The methods presented here can be
used to compare the precision limits of various devices for measuring phase
steps and for optimising the parameters of the devices. Under ideal conditions
the Shack-Hartmann and the Foucault devices nearly attain the ultimate quantum
statistical limits, whereas the Mach-Zehnder and the curvature devices each
require approximately twenty times as many photons in order to reach the same
precision.


title: Talbot effect in cylindrical waveguides

abstract:
  We extend the theory of Talbot revivals for planar or rectangular geometry to
the case of cylindrical waveguides. We derive a list of conditions that are
necessary to obtain revivals in cylindrical waveguides. A phase space approach
based on the Wigner and the Kirkwood-Rihaczek functions provides a pictorial
representation of TM modes interference associated with the Talbot effect.


title:
Precise calculation of transition frequencies of hydrogen and deuterium
  based on a least-squares analysis

abstract:
  We combine a limited number of accurately measured transition frequencies in
hydrogen and deuterium, recent quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations, and,
as an essential additional ingredient, a generalized least-squares analysis, to
obtain precise and optimal predictions for hydrogen and deuterium transition
frequencies. Some of the predicted transition frequencies have relative
uncertainties more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the g-factor
of the electron, which was previously the most accurate prediction of QED.


title:
Scaling laws for the tropical cyclone derived from the stationary
  atmospheric vortex equation

abstract:
  In a two-dimensional model of the planetary atmosphere the compressible
convective flow of vorticity represents a strong nonlinearity able to drive the
fluid toward a quasi-coherent vortical pattern. This is similar to the highly
organised motion generated at relaxation in ideal Euler fluids. The problem of
the atmosphere is however fundamentally different since now there is an
intrinsic length, the Rossby radius. Within the Charney Hasegawa Mima model it
has been derived a differential equation governing the stationary,
two-dimensional, highly organised vortical flows in the planetary atmosphere.
We present results of a numerical study of this differential equation. The most
characteristic solution shows a strong similarity with the morphology of a
tropical cyclone. Quantitative comparisons are also favorable and several
relationships can be derived connecting the characteristic physical parameters
of the tropical cyclone: the radius of the eye-wall, the maximum azimuthal
velocity and the radial extension of the vortex.


title: Dual critality of single-file transport through DNA channel

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by authors due to publication requirement.


title: 6-axis inertial sensor using cold-atom interferometry

abstract:
  We have developed an atom interferometer providing a full inertial base. This
device uses two counter-propagating cold-atom clouds that are launched in
strongly curved parabolic trajectories. Three single Raman beam pairs, pulsed
in time, are successively applied in three orthogonal directions leading to the
measurement of the three axis of rotation and acceleration. In this purpose, we
introduce a new atom gyroscope using a butterfly geometry. We discuss the
present sensitivity and the possible improvements.


title: Recurrent motions within plane Couette turbulence

abstract:
  The phenomenon of bursting, in which streaks in turbulent boundary layers
oscillate and then eject low speed fluid away from the wall, has been studied
experimentally, theoretically, and computationally for more than 50 years
because of its importance to the three-dimensional structure of turbulent
boundary layers. We produce five new three-dimensional solutions of turbulent
plane
  Couette flow, one of which is periodic while four others are relative
periodic. Each of these five solutions demonstrates the break-up and
re-formation of near-wall coherent structures.
  Four of our solutions are periodic but with drifts in the streamwise
direction. More surprisingly, two of our solutions are periodic but with drifts
in the spanwise direction, a possibility that does not seem to have been
considered in the literature. We argue that a considerable part of the
streakiness observed experimentally in the near-wall region could be due to
spanwise drifts that accompany the break-up and re-formation of coherent
structures. We also compute a new periodic solution of plane Couette flow that
could be related to transition to turbulence.


title: On calculation of elementary particles' masses

abstract:
  The purpose of present paper is to develop the approach to calculation of the
mass spectra of elementary particles within the framework of the resonance
theory of elementary particles as de Broglie waves


title: Four variations on Theoretical Physics by Ettore Majorana

abstract:
  An account is given of some topical unpublished work by Ettore Majorana,
revealing his very deep intuitions and skilfulness in Theoretical Physics. The
relevance of the quite unknown results obtained by him is pointed out as well.

categories: physics.hist-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.gen-ph physics.pop-ph


title: Nanowire metamaterials with extreme optical anisotropy

abstract:
  We study perspectives of nanowire metamaterials for negative-refraction
waveguides, high-performance polarizers, and polarization-sensitive biosensors.
We demonstrate that the behavior of these composites is strongly influenced by
the concentration, distribution, and geometry of the nanowires, derive an
analytical description of electromagnetism in anisotropic nanowire-based
metamaterials, and explore the limitations of our approach via
three-dimensional numerical simulations. Finally, we illustrate the developed
approach on the examples of nanowire-based high energy-density waveguides and
non-magnetic negative index imaging systems with far-field resolution of
one-sixth of vacuum wavelength.


title: Boolean Game on Scale-free Networks

abstract:
  Inspired by the local minority game, we propose a network Boolean game and
investigate its dynamical properties on scale-free networks. The system can
self-organize to a stable state with better performance than random choice
game, although only the local information is available to the agent. By
introducing the heterogeneity of local interactions, we find the system has the
best performance when each agent's interaction frequency is linear correlated
with its information capacity. Generally, the agents with more information gain
more than those with less information, while in the optimal case, each agent
almost has the same average profit. In addition, we investigate the role of
irrational factor and find an interesting symmetrical behavior.


title:
Phase transition in ultrathin magnetic films with long range
  interactions

abstract:
  Ultrathin magnetic films can be modeled as an anisotropic Heisenberg model
with long range dipolar interactions. It is believed that the phase diagram
presents three phases: A ordered ferromagnetic phase (I), a phase characterized
by a change from out-of-plane to in-plane in the magnetization (II), and a high
temperature paramagnetic phase (III). It is claimed that the border lines from
phase I to III and II to III are of second order and from I to II is first
order. In the present work we have performed a very careful Monte Carlo
simulation of the model. Our results strongly support that the line separating
phase II and III is of the BKT type.


title:
On Orientation Dependence of N2 Ionization: The Velocity Gauge Version
  of Molecular Strong-Field Approximation

abstract:
  We reply to the Comment of T. K. Kjeldsen and L. B. Madsen [e-print
arXiv:physics/0508213] and acknowledge their criticism related to imperfect
composition of our model 3sigma_g molecular state [V. I. Usachenko and S.-I.
Chu, Phys. Rev. A 71, 063410 (2005)]. However, we cannot agree with the authors
suggesting this critique also as an irrefutable argument and/or evidence in
support and justification of their opposite and incorrect (viz. inconsistent
with relevant experiment) orientation dependence of N2 ionization rate
calculated within the velocity gauge version of molecular strong-field
approximation. We disclose the actual reason of the contradiction and
demonstrate that appropriately composed 3sigma_g state (modified according to
the Comment's critique) rather confirms the alternative earler calculation [A.
Jaron-Becker, A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, Phys. Rev. A 69, 023410 (2004)]
suggesting correct orientation dependence of N2 ionization, contrary to
respective results of the Comment's authors applying the same approach and
procedure of 3sigma_g composition.


title: Quantum Abraham models with de Broglie-Bohm laws of quantum motion

abstract:
  We discuss a class of quantum Abraham models in which the N-particle spinor
wave function of N electrons solves a Pauli respectively Schroedinger equation,
featuring regularized classical electromagnetic potentials which solve the
semi-relativistic Maxwell-Lorentz equations for regularized point charges,
which move according to some de Broglie-Bohm law of quantum motion. Thus there
is a feedback loop from the actual particle motions to the wave function. The
electrons have a bare charge and positive bare mass different from their
empirical charge and mass due to renormalization by the self-fields. In the
classical limit the various models reduce to the Hamilton-Jacobi version of
corresponding Abraham models of classical electron theory.


title: Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Applications of the GOES WMSI

abstract:
  The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sounder-derived
Wet Microburst Severity Index (WMSI) was originally developed and implemented
to assess the potential magnitude of convective downbursts over the central and
eastern continental United States. The WMSI algorithm incorporates convective
available potential energy (CAPE), to parameterize static instability, as well
as the vertical theta-e (equivalent potential temperature) difference (TeD)
between the surface and mid-troposphere to infer the presence of a mid-level
dry air layer. It has been noted with two recent landfalling hurricanes over
the Florida Gulf of Mexico coast that the GOES WMSI product accurately
predicted downburst magnitude associated with convective bands and the remnant
eye wall. As a convective system, it is expected that tropical cyclones can be
profilic downburst producing storms. In fact, several severe downbursts were
observed in association with the pre-hurricane squall line and remnant eye wall
of Hurricane Charley (August 2004) and the remnant eye wall of Hurricane Wilma
(October 2005).


title:
High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Irradiated Homonuclear
  Diatomics: The Velocity Gauge Version of Molecular Strong-Field Approximation

abstract:
  The generation of high harmonics in laser-irradiated light homonuclear
diatomics (H2+, N2 and O2) compared to that in atomic counterparts (of nearly
identical binding energy) is studied within the velocity gauge version of
conventional strong-field approximation. The applied strong-field approach (we
alternatively developed earlier to incorporate rescattering effects beyond the
conventional saddle-point approximation) is currently extended to molecular
case by means of supplement the standard linear combination of atomic orbitals}
and molecular orbitals method. The associated model proved to adequately
reproduce a general shape and detailed structure of molecular harmonic spectra,
which demonstrate a number of remarkable distinctive differences from
respective atomic spectra calculated under the same laser pulses. The revealed
differences are found to be strongly dependent on internuclear separation and
also very sensitive to the orbital and bonding symmetry of contributing
molecular valence shell. In particular, the model correctly predicts the
behavior of high-frequency plateau (both for its extent and even details of
structure) in molecular harmonic spectra at small (nearly equilibrium) and
large internuclear separations. In addition, for some group of harmonics, the
harmonic emission rates were ascertained to dominate by contribution from inner
molecular shells of higher binding energy and different orbital symmetry
compared to the outermost molecular orbital normally predominantly
contributing.


title: Effects of Bottlenecks on Vehicle Traffic

abstract:
  Traffic congestion is usually observed at the upper streams of bottlenecks
such as tunnels. Congestion appears as stop-and-go waves and high density
uniform flow. We perform simulations of traffic flow with a bottleneck using
the coupled map optimal velocity model. The bottleneck is expressed as a road
segment with speed reduction. The speed reduction in the bottleneck controls
the emergence of stop-and-go waves. A phenomenological theory of bottleneck
effects is constructed.


title: Malus' Law for a Real Polarizer

abstract:
  We present a possibility to measure the degree of polarization of a partially
polarized light beam furnished by a real (imperfect) polarizer. A generalized
formula for the Malus' law is derived, which holds when a partially polarized
light beam passes through a real polarizer.


title: Superluminal pulse reflection from a weakly absorbing dielectric slab

abstract:
  Group delay for a reflected light pulse from a weakly absorbing dielectric
slab is theoretically investigated, and large negative group delay is found for
weak absorption near a resonance of the slab ($Re(kd)=m\pi$). The group delays
for both the reflected and transmitted pulses will be saturated with the
increase of the absorption.


title:
Traffic of interacting ribosomes: effects of single-machine
  mechano-chemistry on protein synthesis

abstract:
  Many ribosomes simultaneously move on the same messenger RNA (mRNA), each
separately synthesizing the protein coded by the mRNA. Earlier models of
ribosome traffic represent each ribosome by a ``self-propelled particle'' and
capture the dynamics by an extension of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion
process (TASEP). In contrast, here we develope a theoretical model that not
only incorporates the mutual exclusions of the interacting ribosomes, but also
describes explicitly the mechano-chemistry of each of these individual cyclic
machines during protein synthesis. Using analytical and numerical techniques of
non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, we analyze this model and illustrate its
power by making experimentally testable predictions on the rate of protein
synthesis in real time and the density profile of the ribosomes on some mRNAs
in E-Coli.


title:
On scaling laws at the phase transition of systems with divergent order
  parameter and/or internal length : the example of DNA denaturation

abstract:
  We used the Transfer-Integral method to compute, with an uncertainty smaller
than 5%, the six fundamental characteristic exponents of two dynamical models
for DNA thermal denaturation and investigate the validity of the scaling laws.
Doubts concerning this point arise because the investigated systems (i) have a
divergent internal length, (ii) are described by a divergent order parameter,
(iii) are of dimension 1. We found that the assumption that the free energy can
be described by a single homogeneous function is robust, despite the divergence
of the order parameter, so that Rushbrooke's and Widom's identities are valid
relations. Josephson's identity is instead not satisfied. This is probably due
to the divergence of the internal length, which invalidates the assumption that
the correlation length is solely responsible for singular contributions to
thermodynamic quantities. Fisher's identity is even wronger. We showed that
this is due to the d=1 dimensionality and obtained an alternative law, which is
well satisfied at DNA thermal denaturation.


title: Do we have enough air?

abstract:
  If only human beings would breathe the entire quantity of terrestrial air,
then, at the present-day population on the Earth, one million years would
exhaust that air. It seems we have enough air. Is it so?


title:
A Numerical Model for Flows in Porous and Open Domains Coupled at the
  Interface by Stress Jump

abstract:
  A numerical model was developed for flows involving an interface between a
homogenous fluid and a porous medium. The numerical model is based on the
finite volume method with body-fitted and multi-block grids. The
Darcy-Forchheimer extended model is used to govern the flow in the porous
medium region. At its interface, a shear stress jump was imposed, together with
a continuity of normal stress. Furthermore, the effect of the jump condition on
the diffusive flux is considered, additional to that on the convective part
which has been usually considered. Numerical results of three flow
configurations are presented. The modeling is suitable for problems which have
complex interface boundary conditions coupling between two flow domains.


title:
Magnetic trapping of buffer-gas cooled chromium atoms and prospects for
  the extension to paramagnetic molecules

abstract:
  We report the successful buffer-gas cooling and magnetic trapping of chromium
atoms with densities exceeding $10^{12}$ atoms per cm$^{3}$ at a temperature of
350 mK for the trapped sample. The possibilities to extend the method to
buffer-gas cool and magnetically trap molecules are discussed. To minimize the
most important loss mechanism in magnetic trapping, molecules with a small
spin-spin interaction and a large rotational constant are preferred. Both the
CrH ($^6\Sigma^+$ ground state) and MnH ($^7\Sigma^+$) radicals appear to be
suitable systems for future experiments.


title: Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultrathin Magnetic Dots

abstract:
  In this work we study the thermodynamic properties of ultrathin ferromagnetic
dots using Monte Carlo simulations. We investigate the vortex density as a
function of the temperature and the vortex structure in monolayer dots with
perpendicular anisotropy and long-range dipole interaction. The interplay
between these two terms in the hamiltonian leads to an interesting behavior of
the thermodynamic quantities as well as the vortex density.


title: The Exotic Molecular Ion H_4^{3+} in a Strong Magnetic Field

abstract:
  Using the variational method, a detailed study of the lowest m = 0,-1
electronic states of the exotic molecular ion H_4^{3+} in a strong magnetic
field, in the linear symmetric configuration parallel to the direction of the
magnetic field is carried out. A extended study of the 1\sigma_g ground state
(J.C. L\'opez and A. Turbiner, Phys. Rev. A 62, 022510, 2000) was performed
obtaining that the potential energy curve displays a sufficiently deep minimum
for finite internuclear distances, indicating the possible existence of the
molecular ion H_4^{3+}, for magnetic fields of strength B \gtrsim 3x10^{13}G.
It is demonstrated that the excited state 1\pi_u can exist for a magnetic field
B = 4.414 x 10^{13}G corresponding to the limit of applicability of the
non-relativistic theory.


title: Atom interferometer as a selective sensor of rotation or gravity

abstract:
  In the presence of Earth gravity and gravity-gradient forces, centrifugal and
Coriolis forces caused by the Earth rotation, the phase of the time-domain atom
interferometers is calculated with accuracy up to the terms proportional to the
fourth degree of the time separation between pulses. We considered double-loop
atom interferometers and found appropriate condition to eliminate their
sensitivity to acceleration to get atomic gyroscope, or to eliminate the
sensitivity to rotation to increase accuracy of the atomic gravimeter.
Consequent use of these interferometers allows one to measure all components of
the acceleration and rotation frequency projection on the plane perpendicular
to gravity acceleration. Atom interference on the Raman transition driving by
noncounterpropagating optical fields is proposed to exclude stimulated echo
processes which can affect the accuracy of the atomic gyroscopes. Using
noncounterpropagating optical fields allows one to get a new type of the Ramsey
fringes arising in the unidirectional Raman pulses and therefore centered at
the two-quantum line center. Density matrix in the Wigner representation is
used to perform calculations. It is shown that in the time between pulses, in
the noninertial frame, for atoms with fully quantized spatial degrees of
freedom, this density matrix obeys classical Liouville equations.


title:
Behaviors of susceptible-infected epidemics on scale-free networks with
  identical infectivity

abstract:
  In this article, we proposed a susceptible-infected model with identical
infectivity, in which, at every time step, each node can only contact a
constant number of neighbors. We implemented this model on scale-free networks,
and found that the infected population grows in an exponential form with the
time scale proportional to the spreading rate. Further more, by numerical
simulation, we demonstrated that the targeted immunization of the present model
is much less efficient than that of the standard susceptible-infected model.
Finally, we investigated a fast spreading strategy when only local information
is available. Different from the extensively studied path finding strategy, the
strategy preferring small-degree nodes is more efficient than that preferring
large-degree nodes. Our results indicate the existence of an essential
relationship between network traffic and network epidemic on scale-free
networks.


title:
A search for thermosynthesis: starvation survival in thermally cycled
  bacteria

abstract:
  In a pioneering study experimental evidence was sought of thermosynthesis, a
theoretical biological mechanism for free energy gain from thermal cycling that
has been invoked as energy source for the origin of life. A PCR machine applied
thermal cycling to the K12 strain of Escherichia coli. The viability of this
organism during starvation was determined at cyclic and at constant
temperature. The found increase in the viability counts during the first days
of starvation is consistent with thermosynthesis. The scattering in the results
is however large. Further research is needed to proof that the increase is
indeed due to a thermosynthesis process.


title:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Effect of the
  Electron Velocity Distribution on Chaotic Oscillations in an Electron Beam
  under Virtual Cathode Formation Conditions

abstract:
  The effect of the electron transverse and longitudinal velocity spread at the
entrance to the interaction space on wide-band chaotic oscillations in intense
multiple-velocity beams is studied theoretically and numerically under the
conditions of formation of a virtual cathode. It is found that an increase in
the electron velocity spread causes chaotization of virtual cathode
oscillations. An insight into physical processes taking place in a virtual
cathode multiple velocity beam is gained by numerical simulation. The
chaotization of the oscillations is shown to be associated with additional
electron structures, which were separated out by constructing charged particle
distribution functions.


title: On the Possibility of the Strong Field QED Investigation at LHC

abstract:
  The interaction of high energy particles with atomic axes and planes allows
to observe in crystal various effects predicted by the quantum electrodynamics
of phenomena in strong electromagnetic field. In particular, the effect of
electron-positron pair production by gamma-quanta in a semi-uniform field was
observed for the first time in eightieth in CERN in the field of germanium
crystal axes. The high energy of LHC drastically widens the possibilities of
strong field QCD effect investigation in crystals allowing to observe vacuum
dichroism and birefringence, electron radiative self-polarization and polarized
electron-positron pair production by gamma-quanta, positron (electron)
anomalous magnetic moment modification and electron spin rotation in crystal
field harmonics. The effect of vacuum birefringence induced by strong electric
field is considered in detail.


title:
A definitive number of atoms on demand: controlling the number of atoms
  in a-few-atom magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  A few 85Rb atoms were trapped in a micron-size magneto-optical trap with a
high quadrupole magnetic-field gradient and the number of atoms was precisely
controlled by suppressing stochastic loading and loss events via real-time
feedback on the magnetic field gradient. The measured occupation probability of
single atom was as high as 99%. Atoms up to five were also trapped with high
occupation probabilities. The present technique could be used to make a
deterministic atom source.


title:
Dependence of fluorescence-level statistics on bin time size in a
  few-atom magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  We have analyzed the statistical distribution of the fluorescence signal
levels in a magneto-optical trap containing a few atoms and observed that it
strongly depends on the relative size of the bin time with respect to the trap
decay time. We derived analytic expressions for the signal distributions in two
limiting cases, long and short bin time limits, and found good agreement with
numerical simulations performed regardless of the size of the bin time. We
found an optimal size of the bin time for minimizing the probability of
indeterminate atom numbers while providing accurate information on the
instantaneous number of atoms in the trap. These theoretical results are
compared with actual experimental data. We observed super-Poisson counting
statistics for the fluorescence from trapped atoms, which might be attributed
to uncorrelated motion of trapped atoms in the inhomogeneous magnetic field in
the trap.


title:
Space-time transformation properties of inter-charge forces and dipole
  radiation: Breakdown of the classical field concept in relativistic
  electrodynamics

abstract:
  A detailed study is made of the space-time transformation properties of
intercharge forces and the associated electric and magnetic force fields, both
in classical electrodynamics and in a recently developed relativistic classical
electrodynamical theory. Important differences are found and serious errors are
found in the traditional treatment of special-relativistic effects in classical
electromagnetism. Fields associated with radiation processes are also
considered and classical and quantum mechanical predictions are compared. An
important, though trivial, mathematical error in the derivation of the retarded
Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert retarded potentials is pointed out. It is also shown why
electric and magnetic fields produced by moving source charges or current
distributions are not `classical fields', and that they do not, in general,
constitute an antisymmetic second-rank tensor, as is usually assumed.


title: Spectroscopy and dynamics in helium nanodroplets

abstract:
  This article provides a review of recent work in the field of helium
nanodroplet spectroscopy with emphasis on the dynamical aspects of the
interactions between molecules in helium as well as their interaction with this
unique quantum solvent. Emphasis is placed on experimental methods and studies
introducing recent new approaches, in particular including time-resolved
techniques. Corresponding theoretical results on the energetics and dynamics of
helium droplets are also discussed.


title: Group delay in Bragg grating with linear chirp

abstract:
  An analytic solution for Bragg grating with linear chirp in the form of
confluent hypergeometric functions is analyzed in the asymptotic limit of long
grating. Simple formulas for reflection coefficient and group delay are
derived. The simplification makes it possible to analyze irregularities of the
curves and suggest the ways of their suppression. It is shown that the increase
in chirp at fixed other parameters decreases the oscillations in the group
delay, but gains the oscillations in the reflection spectrum. The conclusions
are in agreement with numerical calculations.


title: Magnetic friction due to vortex fluctuation

abstract:
  We use Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation to study a magnetic
tip-sample interaction. Our interest is to understand the mechanism of heat
dissipation when the forces involved in the system are magnetic in essence. We
consider a magnetic crystalline substrate composed of several layers
interacting magnetically with a tip. The set is put thermally in equilibrium at
temperature T by using a numerical Monte Carlo technique. By using that
configuration we study its dynamical evolution by integrating numerically the
equations of motion. Our results suggests that the heat dissipation in this
system is closed related to the appearing of vortices in the sample.


title: Temperature Dependent Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Friction

abstract:
  In this work we present a molecular dynamics simulation of a FFM experiment.
The tip-sample interaction is studied by varying the normal force in the tip
and the temperature of the surface. The friction force, cA, at zero load and
the friction coefficient, $\mu$, were obtained. Our results strongly support
the idea that the effective contact area, A, decreases with increasing
temperature and the friction coefficient presents a clear signature of the
premelting process of the surface.


title:
Increased Crowding during Escape Panic and Suitable Strategy for its
  Avoidance

abstract:
  Under panicky situation, human have tendency to rush toward a particular
direction for escape. I show here that this tendency alone causes increase in
crowding and which could eventually trigger jamming that is not preferable.
Further, it is proposed that potential flow theory can be employed in finding
suitable strategy for escape.


title: Scaling of Circulation in Buoyancy Generated Vortices

abstract:
  The temporal evolution of the fluid circulation generated by a buoyancy force
when two-dimensional (2D) arrays of 2D thermals are released into a quiescent
incompressible fluid is studied through the results of numerous lattice
Boltzmann simulations. It is observed that the circulation magnitude grows to a
maximum value in a finite time. When both the maximum circulation and the time
at which it occurs are non-dimensionalised by appropriately defined
characteristic scales, it is shown that two simple Prandtl number (Pr)
dependent scaling relations can be devised that fit these data very well over
nine decades of Pr spanning the viscous and diffusive regimes and six decades
of Rayleigh number (Ra) in the low Ra regime. Also, obtained analytically is
the exact result that circulation magnitude continues to grow in time for a
single buoyant vortex ring in an infinite unbounded fluid.


title:
On the vector solutions of Maxwell equations with the spin-weighted
  spherical harmonics

abstract:
  The discussion of our recent work concerning the vector solution of
boundary-value problems in electromagnetism is extended to the case of no
azimuthal symmetry by means of the spin-weighted spherical harmonics.


title: Delayed Choice Between Purely Classical States

abstract:
  It is argued that Wheeler's insightful idea of delayed choice experiments may
be explored at a classical level, arising naturally from number-theoretical
conjugacies always necessarily present in the equations of motion. For simple
and representative systems, we illustrate how to cast the equations of motion
in a form encoding all classical states simultaneously through a ``state
parameter''. By suitably selecting the parameter one may project the system
into any desired classical state.

categories: physics.class-ph math.DS physics.atom-ph quant-ph


title:
R-matrix calculation of electron collisions with electronically excited
  O2 molecules

abstract:
  Low-energy electron collisions with O$_2$ molecules are studied using the
fixed-bond R-matrix method. In addition to the O$_2$ ${X}^3\Sigma_{g}^-$ ground
state, integrated cross sections are calculated for elecron collisions with the
${a}^1\Delta_{g}$ and ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$ excited states of O$_2$ molecules. 13
target electronic states of O$_2$ are included in the model within a valence
configuration interaction representations of the target states. Elastic cross
sections for the ${a}^1\Delta_{g}$ and ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$ excited states are
similar to the cross sections for the ${X}^3\Sigma_{g}^-$ ground state. As in
case of excitation from the ${X}^3\Sigma_{g}^-$ state, the O$_2^-$ $\Pi_u$
resonance makes the dominant contribution to excitation cross sections from the
${a}^1\Delta_{g}$ and ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$ states. The magnitude of excitation
cross sections from the ${a}^1\Delta_{g}$ state to the ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$
state is about 10 time larger than the corresponding cross sections from the
${X}^3\Sigma_{g}^-$ to the ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$ state. For this
${a}^1\Delta_{g}$ $\to$ ${b}^1\Sigma_{g}^+$ transition, our cross section at
4.5 eV agrees well with the available experimental value. These results should
be important for models of plasma discharge chemistry which often requires
cross sections between the excited electronic states of O$_2$.


title:
Relativistic many-body calculations of the Stark-induced amplitude of
  the 6P1/2 -7P1/2 transition in thallium

abstract:
  Stark-induced amplitudes for the 6P1/2 - 7P1/2 transition in Tl I are
calculated using the relativistic SD approximation in which single and double
excitations of Dirac-Hartree-Fock levels are summed to all orders in
perturbation theory. Our SD values alpha S = 368 a0 3 and beta S= 298 a 0 3 are
in good agreement with the measurements alpha S=377(8) a 0 3$ and beta S =
313(8) a 0 3 by D. DeMille, D. Budker, and E. D. Commins [Phys. Rev. A 50, 4657
(1994)]. Calculations of the Stark shifts in the 6P1/2 - 7P1/2 and 6P1/2 -
7S1/2 transitions are also carried out. The Stark shifts predicted by our
calculations agree with the most accurate measured values within the
experimental uncertainties for both transitions.


title: Minimum Magnetizability Principle

abstract:
  A new electronic structure principle, viz. the minimum magnetizability
principle (MMP) has been proposed and also has been verified through ab initio
calculations, to extend the domain of applicability of the conceptual density
functional theory (DFT) in explaining the magnetic interactions and
magnetochemistry. This principle may be stated as, "A stable
configuration/conformation of a molecule or a favorable chemical process is
associated with a minimum value of the magnetizability". It has also been shown
that a soft molecule is easily polarizable and magnetizable than a hard one.


title: Status of the OPERA Experiment

abstract:
  In this article the physics motivation and the detector design of the OPERA
experiment will be reviewed. The construction status of the detector, which
will be situated in the CNGS beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso laboratory, will
be reported. A survey on the physics performance will be given and the physics
plan in 2006 will be presented.


title:
High-energy proton induced damage study of scintillation light output
  from PbWO4 calorimeter crystals

abstract:
  Eight PbWO4 crystals produced for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS
experiment at LHC have been irradiated in a 20 GeV/c proton beam up to fluences
of 5.4 E13 p/cm2. The damage recovery in these crystals, stored in the dark at
room temperature, has been followed for over a year. Comparative irradiations
with 60Co photons have been performed on seven other crystals using a dose rate
of 1 kGy/h. The issue whether hadrons cause a specific damage to the
scintillation mechanism has been studied through light output measurements on
the irradiated crystals using cosmic rays. The correlation between light output
changes and light transmission changes is measured to be the same for
proton-irradiated crystals and for gamma-irradiated crystals. Thus, within the
precision of the measurements and for the explored range of proton fluences, no
additional, hadron-specific damage to the scintillation mechanism is observed.


title: Memory-Based Snowdrift Game on Networks

abstract:
  We present a memory-based snowdrift game (MBSG) taking place on networks. We
found that, when a lattice is taken to be the underlying structure, the
transition of spatial patterns at some critical values of the payoff parameter
is observable for both 4 and 8-neighbor lattices. The transition points as well
as the styles of spatial patterns can be explained by local stability analysis.
In sharp contrast to previously reported results, cooperation is promoted by
the spatial structure in the MBSG. Interestingly, we found that the frequency
of cooperation of the MBSG on a scale-free network peaks at a specific value of
the payoff parameter. This phenomenon indicates that properly encouraging
selfish behaviors can optimally enhance the cooperation. The memory effects of
individuals are discussed in detail and some non-monotonous phenomena are
observed on both lattices and scale-free networks. Our work may shed some new
light on the study of evolutionary games over networks.


title:
On the possibility to consider fullerene shell C60 as a conducting
  sphere

abstract:
  Correctness of the model representing the fullerene shell C60 as a conducting
sphere has been analyzed. The static and dynamical polarizabilities of the
molecule C60 have been calculated on the basis of experimental data on the
photo-absorption cross- section of fullerene. It has been shown that the real
C60 in the static electric field behaves most likely as a set of separate
carbon atoms rather than as a conducting sphere and its static polarizability
exceeds by more than two times that of conducting sphere.


title: Giant gyrotropy due to electromagnetic coupling

abstract:
  We report the first experimental evidence that electromagnetic coupling
between physically separated planar metal patterns located in parallel planes
provides for exceptionally strong polarization rotatory power if one pattern is
twisted in respect to the other, creating a 3D chiral object. In terms of
optical rotary power per sample of thickness equal to one wavelength, the
bi-layered structure rotates five orders of magnitude stronger than a
gyrotropic crystal of quartz in the visible spectrum. We also saw a signature
of negative refraction for circularly polarized waves propagating through the
chiral slab.


title: Motion of falling object

abstract:
  A simple setup was assembled to study the motion of an object while it falls.
The setup was used to determine the instantaneous velocity, terminal velocity
and acceleration due to gravity. Also, since the whole project was done within
$20 it can easily be popularized.


title:
Time expansion chamber system for characterization of TWIST low energy
  muon beams

abstract:
  A low mass time expansion chamber (TEC) has been developed to measure
distributions of position and angle of the TRIUMF low energy surface muon beam
used for the TWIST experiment. The experiment is a high precision measurement
of muon decay and is dominated by systematic uncertainties, including the
stability, reproducibility, and characterization of the beam. The distributions
measured by two TEC modules are one essential ingredient of an accurate
simulation of TWIST. The uncertainties, which are extracted through comparisons
of data and simulation, must be known to assess potential systematic
uncertainties of the TWIST results. The design criteria, construction,
alignment, calibration, and operation of the TEC system are discussed,
including experiences from initial beam studies. A brief description of the use
of TEC data in the TWIST simulation is also included.


title: The Photon collider at ILC: status, parameters and technical problems

abstract:
  This paper is the second part of my overview on photon colliders given at the
conference ``The photon: its first hundred years and the future'' (PHOTON2005 +
PLC2005). The first paper describes the first 25 years of the history and
evolution of photon colliders. The present paper considers the photon collider
at the ILC: possible parameters, technical problems and present status.


title:
Effects of cryoprotectant concentration and cooling rate on
  vitrification of aqueous solutions

abstract:
  Vitrification of aqueous cryoprotectant mixtures is essential in
cryopreservation of proteins and other biological samples. We report systematic
measurements of critical cryoprotective agent (CPA) concentrations required for
vitrification during plunge cooling from T=295 K to T=77 K in liquid nitrogen.
Measurements on fourteen common CPAs including alcohols (glycerol, methanol,
isopropanol), sugars (sucrose, xylitol, dextrose, trehalose), PEGs (ethylene
glycol, PEG 200, PEG 2 000, PEG 20 000), glycols (DMSO, MPD), and salt (NaCl)
were performed for volumes ranging over four orders of magnitude from ~nL to 20
mkL, and covering the range of interest in protein crystallography. X-ray
diffraction measurements on aqueous glycerol mixtures confirm that the
polycrystalline-to-vitreous transition occurs within a span of less than 2% w/v
in CPA concentration, and that the form of polycrystalline ice (hexagonal or
cubic) depends on CPA concentration and cooling rate. For most of the studied
cryoprotectants, the critical concentration decreases strongly with volume in
the range from ~5 mkL to ~0.1 mkL, typically by a factor of two. By combining
measurements of the critical concentration versus volume with cooling time
versus volume, we obtain the function of greatest intrinsic physical interest:
the critical CPA concentration versus cooling rate during flash cooling. These
results provide a basis for more rational design of cryoprotective protocols,
and should yield insight into the physics of glass formation in aqueous
mixtures.


title: Getting ready for Physics at the LHC with the CMS Detector

abstract:
  In order to get ready for physics at the LHC, the CMS experiment has to be
set up for data taking. The data have to be well understood before new physics
can be investigated. On the other hand, there are standard processes, well
known from previous experiments and from simulation, which will help to
understand the data of the detector in the early days of the LHC.


title:
Incompatibility of the Copenhagen interpretation with quantum mechanics
  formalism

abstract:
  It is proved the mathematical theorem, that the wave function describes the
statistical ensemble of particles, but not a single particle. Supposition, that
the wave function describes a single particle appears to be incompatible with
formalism of quantum mechanics.


title:
Lab-Tutorials for teaching quantum physics (Lab-Tutorials fuer den
  Quantenphysik Unterricht)

abstract:
  English abstract: In the "Intuitive Quantum Physics" course, we use graphical
interpretations of mathematical equations and qualitative reasoning to develop
and teach a simplified model of quantum physics. Our course contains three
units: Wave physics, Development of a conceptual toolbox, and quantum physics.
It also contains three key themes: wave-particle duality, the Schroedinger
equation, and tunneling of quantum particles. Students learn most new material
in lab-tutorials in which students work in small groups (3 to 3 people) on
specially designed worksheets. Lecture reinforces the lab-tutorial content and
focuses more on issues about the nature of science. Data show that students are
able to learn some of the most difficult concepts in the course, and also that
students learn to believe that there is a conceptually accessible structure to
the physics in the course.
  German abstract: Im Kurs "Intuitive Quantum Physics" werden graphische
Interpretationen mathematischer Gleichungen und qualitatives Denken durch ein
vereinfachtes Modell der Quantenphysik gelehrt. Unser Kurs besteht aus drei
wichtigen Abschnitten: Wellenphysik, Aufbau eines Werkzeugkastens ("Toolbox")
und Quantenphysik, sowie drei Schluesselthemen: Welle-Teilchen-Dualitaet, die
Schroedinger-Gleichung und Tunneln von Quantenteilchen. Wir unterrichten
vorwiegend mit Lab-Tutorials, in denen StudentInnen in kleinen Gruppen (3 bis 4
Personen) anwendungsspezifische Arbeitsblaetter durcharbeiten. In den
Diskussionen werden auch Auseinandersetzungen ueber das "Bild der Physik", bei
uns "Nature of Science" genannt, gefuehrt. Ueberpruefungen haben ergeben, dass
StudentInnen nicht nur die schwierigsten Konzepte des Kurses lernen koennen
sondern auch lernen, dass die Quantenphysik begrifflich verstaendlich ist.


title:
Comment on "Self-Running Droplet: Emergence of Regular Motion from
  Nonequilibrium Noise"

abstract:
  In a recent Letter (Y. Sumino et al., PRL 94, 068301 (2005)) a spontaneous
motion of an oil droplet in the surrounding aqueous media along a glass surface
was reported. The authors suggested that the self-locomotion is driven by a
difference in wettability between the front and the rear of a droplet sustained
by its translational motion. We disagree with the author's explanations. We
analyzed the supplementary materials provided by Sumino et al. and found that
their data did not support their conclusions. We provide an interpretation of
the experimental data of Sumino et al. and the underlying physical mechanism of
the self-locomotion.


title:
Direct reading of charge multipliers with a self-triggering CMOS analog
  chip with 105k pixels at 50 micron pitch

abstract:
  We report on a large active area (15x15mm2), high channel density (470
pixels/mm2), self-triggering CMOS analog chip that we have developed as
pixelized charge collecting electrode of a Micropattern Gas Detector. This
device, which represents a big step forward both in terms of size and
performance, is the last version of three generations of custom ASICs of
increasing complexity. The CMOS pixel array has the top metal layer patterned
in a matrix of 105600 hexagonal pixels at 50 micron pitch. Each pixel is
directly connected to the underneath full electronics chain which has been
realized in the remaining five metal and two poly-silicon layers of a 0.18
micron VLSI technology. The chip has customizable self-triggering capability
and includes a signal pre-processing function for the automatic localization of
the event coordinates. In this way it is possible to reduce significantly the
readout time and the data volume by limiting the signal output only to those
pixels belonging to the region of interest. The very small pixel area and the
use of a deep sub-micron CMOS technology has brought the noise down to 50
electrons ENC. Results from in depth tests of this device when coupled to a
fine pitch (50 micron on a triangular pattern) Gas Electron Multiplier are
presented. The matching of readout and gas amplification pitch allows to get
optimal results. The application of this detector for Astronomical X-Ray
Polarimetry is discussed. The experimental detector response to polarized and
unpolarized X-ray radiation when working with two gas mixtures and two
different photon energies is shown. Results from a full MonteCarlo simulation
for several galactic and extragalactic atronomical sources are also reported.


title:
The Dust-Gas Fireball as a Special Form of the Electric Erosive
  Discharge Afterglow

abstract:
  Main results of researches of the electric erosive discharge afterglow
plasma, of the fireballs being formed by this plasma and having some particular
but deep similarities to the ball lightning are given. The analysis of our
results and results of some other authors has allowed to specify the nature of
radiation and stability of the shape for a dust-gas chemical fireball, to make
series of assumptions concerning the mechanism of these properties. The
experimental results and considerations of the given work can be interesting
for physics of plasma with different kinds of condensed state, for an
ascertainment of the chemiluminescence mechanism of the flame, as well as for a
bead lightning understanding and for improvement of ball lightning laboratory
analogues.


title:
FWM in One-dimensional Nonlinear Photonic Crystal and Theoretical
  Investigation of Parametric Down Conversion (Steady State Analysis)

abstract:
  The light propagation through one-dimensional photonic crystal using
Four-wave mixing (FWM) nonlinear process is modeled. The linear and nonlinear
indexes of refraction are approximated with the first Fourier harmonic term.
Based on this approximation, a complete set of coupled wave equations,
including pump fields depletion, for description of FWM process and conversion
efficiency from pump to signal and idler waves for periodic structures is
presented. The derived coupled wave equations are evaluated numerically. Some
of important system parameters effects on FWM performance are investigated. The
obtained relations are suitable and can easily be applied for description of
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical signals transmitted through
(parametric process) nonlinear fiber Bragg Gratings compatible to optical fiber
communications.


title: Extreme UV generation from molecules in intense Ti:Sapphire light

abstract:
  We simulate the dynamics of H2+ and HD+ by direct solution of the
time-dependent Schroedinger equation for the electronic and nuclear motion for
the interaction of intense femtosecond pulses. On these timescales the
rotational motion, even for such light molecules, is frozen. Therefore it is a
reasonable assumption that the nuclear alignment is fixed during the pulse
interaction and that rotation can be neglected. In terms of vibrational
relaxation, and since the nuclei are light, vibration will be important over
femtosecond timescales. Although homonuclear diatomics are IR-inactive, in an
intense field one can create vibrational excitation through continuum coupling.
To show the effect of vibration, consider a first approximation in which the
nuclei are infinitely massive so they maintain their positions at a fixed bond
length of R=2 a.u., throughout the process.


title:
Attosecond signatures in photodissociation by an intense Ti:Sapphire
  pulse

abstract:
  In our model the electron dynamics are described by a two-state
approximation. This might appear a rough approximation since it neglects
coupling through excited electronic states and ionization channels. However at
high intensity (laser fields equivalent to the Coulomb force) and long
wavelength (photon energy much lower than the ionization potential) the
dissociation process occurs by adiabatic polarization involving the lowest
electronic states. For the experiment in question, with intensities above 10x14
W cm-2 and photon energies of 1.5eV, such an approach is well justified. More
contentious is the neglect of rotational heating (that is molecular
realignment) during the pulse. However, this process is essentially an internal
relaxation and for a 50fs pulse it has a small effect. To calculate the
dissociation spectrum, we have applied discretization methods developed for
photoionization of molecules4) to solve the quantum equations in a dual
configuration and momentum space. Technical details are discussed in the paper
by Peng et al.


title: Bemerkungen zur "kalten Fusion"

abstract:
  Steven Jones et al. reported to have observed nuclear fusion at room
temperature. They observed this "cold fusion" by electrolyzing heavy water.
Later experiments confirmed these observations. These experiments confirmed the
generation of strong electric fields within the deuterided metals. These
electric fields accelerate the deuterons to keV energies and allow the observed
nuclear fusion. Roman Sioda and I suggested a theoretical description of this
nuclear fusion. Our "extended micro hot fusion" scenario explains how nuclear
fusion can be generated over a long time within deuterided metals. Moreover we
predicted the explosion of large pieces of deuterided metals. This article
reviews the "cold fusion" work of Steven Jones et al. and discusses the
fracto-fusion scenario. I show that the extended micro hot fusion scenario can
explain the observed neutron emissions, neutron bursts, and heat bursts.


title:
Stationary solutions and Neumann boundary conditions in the Sivashinsky
  equation

abstract:
  New stationary solutions of the (Michelson) Sivashinsky equation of premixed
flames are obtained numerically in this paper. Some of these solutions, of the
bicoalescent type recently described by Guidi and Marchetti, are stable with
Neumann boundary conditions. With these boundary conditions, the time evolution
of the Sivashinsky equation in the presence of a moderate white noise is
controlled by jumps between stationary solutions.


title: Multi-Agent Complex Systems and Many-Body Physics

abstract:
  Multi-agent complex systems comprising populations of decision-making
particles, have many potential applications across the biological,
informational and social sciences. We show that the time-averaged dynamics in
such systems bear a striking resemblance to conventional many-body physics. For
the specific example of the Minority Game, this analogy enables us to obtain
analytic expressions which are in excellent agreement with numerical
simulations.


title: Nonlinear interactions between kinetic Alfv\'{e}n and ion-sound waves

abstract:
  The resonant interaction between kinetic Alfv\'{e}n and ion-acoustic waves is
considered using the Hall-MHD theory. The results of previous authors are
generalized to cover both finite Larmor radius as well as the ideal MHD
results. It is found that the three wave coupling is strongest when the
wavelength is comparable to the ion-sound gyroradius. Applications of our work
to weak turbulence theories as well as to the heating of the solar corona are
pointed out.


title: Similarity Mechanics

abstract:
  The present work provides a new conceptual framework for GUT (Grand Unified
Theory) based on a picture of fractal universe. Under a hypothesis of
multi-scaled matter structure, we find new clues for the conciliation of
quantum and relativity and for the unification of fundamental interactions. A
new interpretation for matter wave is proposed as the trajectory of position
center of a moving particle with a nucleated structure. The origin of magnetism
and gravitation are discussed as the relativistic effects of electrostatic
force.


title:
Aerosol Characteristics at a high-altitude station Nainital during the
  ISRO-GBP Land Campaign-II

abstract:
  During the second land campaign (LC-II) organised by ISRO-GBP, extensive
ground-based measurements of aerosol characteristics were carried out over
Manora Peak (29.4oN; 79.5oE; 1951 metres above mean sea level), Nainital (a
high altitude station located in the Shivalik ranges of Central Himalayas)
during the dry, winter season (December) of 2004. These measurements included
the spectral aerosol optical depths (AOD), columnar water vapour content (W),
Total Columnar Ozone (TCO), total number concentration (NT) of near surface
aerosols, mass concentration of black carbon (MB), aerosol mass loading (MT),
and Global Solar Radiation. Based on these measured parameters, we present the
results on the near-surface and columnar properties of atmospheric aerosols at
Nainital.


title: Balanced homodyne detection in second-harmonic generation microscopy

abstract:
  We demonstrate the association of two-photon nonlinear microscopy with
balanced homodyne detection for investigating second harmonic radiation
properties at nanoscale dimensions. Variation of the relative phase between
second-harmonic and fundamental beams is retrieved, as a function of the
absolute orientation of the nonlinear emitters. Sensitivity down to
approximately 3.2 photon/s in the spatio-temporal mode of the local oscillator
is obtained. This value is high enough to efficiently detect the coherent
second-harmonic emission from a single KTiOPO4 crystal of sub-wavelength size.


title: Tamm states and nonlinear surface modes in photonic crystals

abstract:
  We predict the existence of surface gap modes, known as Tamm states for
electronic systems, in truncated photonic crystals formed by two types of
dielectric rods. We investigate the energy threshold, dispersion, and modal
symmetries of the surface modes, and also demonstrate the existence and
tunability of nonlinear Tamm states in binary photonic crystals with nonlinear
response.


title: Transcending The Least Squares

abstract:
  The method of quasi-optimal weights provides a comprehensive, asymptotically
optimal, transparent and flexible alternative to the least squares method. The
optimality holds for a general non-linear, non-gaussian case.


title: Implicit Density Functional Theory

abstract:
  A fermion ground state energy functional is set up in terms of particle
density, relative pair density, and kinetic energy tensor density. It satisfies
a minimum principle if constrained by a complete set of compatibility
conditions. A partial set, which thereby results in a lower bound energy under
minimization, is obtained from the solution of model systems, as well as a
small number of exact sum rules. Prototypical application is made to several
one-dimensional spinless non-interacting models. The effectiveness of "atomic"
constraints on model "molecules" is observed, as well as the structure of
systems with only finitely many bound states.


title:
Non-local modulation of the energy cascade in broad-band forced
  turbulence

abstract:
  Classically, large-scale forced turbulence is characterized by a transfer of
energy from large to small scales via nonlinear interactions. We have
investigated the changes in this energy transfer process in broad-band forced
turbulence where an additional perturbation of flow at smaller scales is
introduced. The modulation of the energy dynamics via the introduction of
forcing at smaller scales occurs not only in the forced region but also in a
broad range of length-scales outside the forced bands due to non-local triad
interactions. Broad-band forcing changes the energy distribution and energy
transfer function in a characteristic manner leading to a significant
modulation of the turbulence. We studied the changes in this transfer of energy
when changing the strength and location of the small-scale forcing support. The
energy content in the larger scales was observed to decrease, while the energy
transport power for scales in between the large and small scale forcing regions
was enhanced. This was investigated further in terms of the detailed transfer
function between the triad contributions and observing the long-time statistics
of the flow. The energy is transferred toward smaller scales not only by
wavenumbers of similar size as in the case of large-scale forced turbulence,
but by a much wider extent of scales that can be externally controlled.


title: Finding Scientific Gems with Google

abstract:
  We apply the Google PageRank algorithm to assess the relative importance of
all publications in the Physical Review family of journals from 1893--2003.
While the Google number and the number of citations for each publication are
positively correlated, outliers from this linear relation identify some
exceptional papers or "gems" that are universally familiar to physicists.


title: Gravity and the Electroweak Theory

abstract:
  It is shown that gravitational coupling creates inertia for the electron. The
coupling term does not mix right- and left-handed spinor components. Therefore,
the corresponding electroweak term is invariant under U(1) X SU(2)_L gauge
transformations. The solution is given for an electron in uniform motion.


title:
Observation of Resonant Diffusive Radiation in Random Multilayered
  Systems

abstract:
  Diffusive Radiation is a new type of radiation predicted to occur in randomly
inhomogeneous media due to the multiple scattering of pseudophotons. This
theoretical effect is now observed experimentally. The radiation is generated
by the passage of electrons of energy 200KeV-2.2MeV through a random stack of
films in the visible light region. The radiation intensity increases resonantly
provided the Cherenkov condition is satisfied for the average dielectric
constant of the medium. The observed angular dependence and electron resonance
energy are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. These observations
open a road to application of diffusive radiation in particle detection,
astrophysics, soft X-ray generation and etc.. `


title: Vacuum polarization in muonic atoms: the Lamb shift at low and medium Z

abstract:
  In muonic atoms the Uehling potential (an effect of a free electronic vacuum
polarization loop) is responsible for the leading contribution to the Lamb
shift causing the splitting of states with Delta n = 0 and Delta l \neq 0. Here
we consider the Lamb shift in the leading nonrelativistic approximation, i.e.,
within an approach based on a certain Schrodinger equation. That is valid for
low and medium $Z$ as long as (Z alpha)^2 >> 1. The result is a function of a
few parameters, including kappa = Z alpha m_ mu/m_e, n and l. We present
various asymptotics and in particular we study a region of validity of
asymptotics with large and small kappa. Special attention is paid to circular
states, which are considered in a limit of n >> 1.


title: The Landscape "avant la lettre"

abstract:
  This is a translation of an inaugural speech given originally in Dutch in
1998. The topic of that speech, intended for a general audience, was what is
now called "The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory".


title: Tunable nonlinearity in atomic response to a bichromatic field

abstract:
  Atomic response to a probe beam can be tailored, by creating coherences
between atomic levels with help of another beam. Changing parameters of the
control beam will change the nature of coherences and hence the nature of
atomic response as well. Such change can depend upon intensity of both probe
and control beams, in a nonlinear fashion. We present a situation where this
nonlinearity in dependence can be precisely controlled, as to obtain different
variations as desired. We also present a detailed analysis of how this
nonlinear dependency arises and show that this is an interesting effect of
several Coherent Population Trap(CPT) states that exist and a competition among
them to trap atomic population in them.


title:
Controlled Shock Shells and Intracluster Fusion Reactions in the
  Explosion of Large Clusters

abstract:
  The ion phase-space dynamics in the Coulomb explosion of very large ($\sim
10^6 - 10^7$ atoms) deuterium clusters can be tailored using two consecutive
laser pulses with different intensities and an appropriate time delay. For
suitable sets of laser parameters (intensities and delay), large-scale shock
shells form during the explosion, thus highly increasing the probability of
fusion reactions within the single exploding clusters. In order to analyze the
ion dynamics and evaluate the intracluster reaction rate, a one-dimensional
theory is used, which approximately accounts for the electron expulsion from
the clusters. It is found that, for very large clusters (initial radius $\sim$
100 nm), and optimal laser parameters, the intracluster fusion yield becomes
comparable to the intercluster fusion yield. The validity of the results is
confirmed with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.


title: Synchronization Model for Stock Market Asymmetry

abstract:
  The waiting time needed for a stock market index to undergo a given
percentage change in its value is found to have an up-down asymmetry, which,
surprisingly, is not observed for the individual stocks composing that index.
To explain this, we introduce a market model consisting of randomly fluctuating
stocks that occasionally synchronize their short term draw-downs. These
synchronous events are parameterized by a ``fear factor'', that reflects the
occurrence of dramatic external events which affect the financial market.


title: Kinetics of the collisionless expansion of spherical nanoplasmas

abstract:
  The collisionless expansion of spherical plasmas composed of cold ions and
hot electrons is analyzed using a novel kinetic model, with special emphasis on
the influence of the electron dynamics. Simple, general laws are found,
relating the relevant expansion features to the initial conditions of the
plasma, determined from a single dimensionless parameter. A transition is
identified in the behavior of the ion energy spectrum, which is monotonic only
for high electron temperatures, otherwise exhibiting a local peak far from the
cutoff energy.


title:
Efficient formation of strongly bound ultracold cesium molecules by
  photoassociation with tunneling

abstract:
  We calculate the rates of formation and detection of ultracold Cs_2 molecules
obtained from the photoassociation of ultracold atoms through the double-well
0g- (6S1/2 + 6P3/2) state. We concentrate on two features previously observed
experimentally and attributed to tunneling between the two wells [Vatasescu et
al 2000 Phys. Rev. A 61 044701]. We show that the molecules obtained are in
strongly bound levels (v''=5,6) of the metastable a3Sigma_u+ (6S1/2 + 6S1/2)
ground electronic state.


title:
Theoretical model for ultracold molecule formation via adaptive feedback
  control

abstract:
  We investigate pump-dump photoassociation of ultracold molecules with
amplitude- and phase-modulated femtosecond laser pulses. For this purpose a
perturbative model for the light-matter interaction is developed and combined
with a genetic algorithm for adaptive feedback control of the laser pulse
shapes. The model is applied to the formation of 85Rb2 molecules in a
magneto-optical trap. We find for optimized pulse shapes an improvement for the
formation of ground state molecules by more than a factor of 10 compared to
unshaped pulses at the same pump-dump delay time, and by 40% compared to
unshaped pulses at the respective optimal pump-dump delay time. Since our model
yields directly the spectral amplitudes and phases of the optimized pulses, the
results are directly applicable in pulse shaping experiments.


title: Scattering by a nihility cylinder

abstract:
  The total scattering and the extinction efficiencies of a nihility cylinder
of infinite length and circular cross--section are identical and independent of
the polarization state of a normally incident plane wave.


title: Pair Formation within Multi-Agent Populations

abstract:
  We present a simple model for the formation of pairs in multi-agent
populations of type A and B which move freely on a spatial network. Each agent
of population A (and B) is labeled as Ai (and Bj) with i=1,.. NA (and j=1,..NB)
and carries its own individual list of characteristics or 'phenotype'. When
agents from opposite populations encounter one another on the network, they can
form a relationship if not already engaged in one. The length of time for which
any given pair stays together depends on the compatibility of the two
constituent agents. Possible applications include the human dating scenario,
and the commercial domain where two types of businesses A and B have members of
each type looking for a business partner, i.e. Ai+Bj-->Rij. The pair Rij then
survives for some finite time before dissociating Rij-->Ai+Bj. There are many
possible generalizations of this basic setup. Here we content ourselves with
some initial numerical results for the simplest of network topologies, together
with some accompanying analytic analysis.


title: Wave packet dynamics of potassium dimers attached to helium nanodroplets

abstract:
  The dynamics of vibrational wave packets excited in K$_2$ dimers attached to
superfluid helium nanodroplets is investigated by means of femtosecond
pump-probe spectroscopy. The employed resonant three-photon-ionization scheme
is studied in a wide wavelength range and different pathways leading to
K$^+_2$-formation are identified. While the wave packet dynamics of the
electronic ground state is not influenced by the helium environment,
perturbations of the electronically excited states are observed. The latter
reveal a strong time dependence on the timescale 3-8 ps which directly reflects
the dynamics of desorption of K$_2$ off the helium droplets.


title: Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Physics in Greece

abstract:
  In the present document I review the current organizational structure of
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Physics in Greece. I briefly present the
institutions where professional astronomers are pursuing research, along with
some notes of their history, as well as the major astronomical facilities
currently available within Greece. I touch upon topics related to graduate
studies in Greece and present some statistics on the distribution of Greek
astronomers. Even though every attempt is made to substantiate all issues
mentioned, some of the views presented have inevitably a personal touch and
thus should be treated as such.


title:
Weighing delta(E)=c^2 delta(m) on a relativistic high-sensitivity
  balance. Its mechanical and thermal equilibrium

abstract:
  We consider the sticky collision between two sphere of equal rest mass,
moving with equal but opposite speeds in a horizontal plane. The collision
takes place on the pan of a high sensitivity balance. The conditions of
mechanical and thermal equilibrium are studied showing that heat developed in
the rest frame of the system has a corresponding inertial mass.


title: Modelling linguistic taxonomic dynamics

abstract:
  This paper presents the results of the application of a bit-string model of
languages (Schulze and Stauffer 2005) to problems of taxonomic patterns. The
questions addressed include the following: (1) Which parameters are minimally
ne eded for the development of a taxonomic dynamics leading to the type of
distribution of language family sizes currently attested (as measured in the i
number of languages per family), which appears to be a power-law? (2) How may
such a model be coupled with one of the dynamics of speaker populations leading
to the type of language size seen today, which appears to follow a log-normal
distribution?


title:
Coarse-grained computation of traveling waves of lattice Boltzmann
  models with Newton-Krylov solvers

abstract:
  For many complex dynamical systems, a separation of scales prevails between
the (microscopic) level of description of the available model, and the
(macroscopic) level at which one would like to observe and analyze the system.
For this type of problems, an ``equation-free'' framework has recently been
proposed. Using appropriately initialized microscopic simulations, one can
build a coarse-grained time-stepper to approximate a time-stepper for the
unavailable macroscopic model. Here, we show how one can use this
coarse-grained time-stepper to compute coarse-grained traveling wave solutions
of a lattice Boltzmann model. In a moving frame, emulated by performing a
shift-back operation after the coarse-grained time-step, the traveling wave
appears as a steady state, which is computed using an iterative method, such as
Newton--GMRES. To accelerate convergence of the GMRES procedure, a macroscopic
model-based preconditioner is used, which is derived from the lattice Boltzmann
model using a Chapman--Enskog expansion. We illustrate the approach on a
lattice Boltzmann model for the Fisher equation and on a model for ionization
waves.


title:
Effects of decision-making on the transport costs across complex
  networks

abstract:
  We analyze the effects of agents' decisions on the creation of congestion on
a centralized network with ring-and-hub topology. We show that there are two
classes of agents each displaying a distinct set of behaviours. The dynamics of
the system are driven by an interplay between the formation of, and transition
between, unique stable states that arise as the network is varied. We show how
the flow of objects across the network can be understood in terms of the
ordering and allocation of strategies. Our results show that the existence of
congestion in a network is a dynamic process that is as much dependent on the
agents' decisions as it is on the structure of the network itself.


title: Metaphoric optical computing of fluid dynamics

abstract:
  We present theoretical and numerical evidence to show that self-defocusing
nonlinear optical propagation can be used to compute Euler fluid dynamics and
possibly Navier-Stokes fluid dynamics. In particular, the formation of twin
vortices and the K\'arm\'an vortex street behind an obstacle, two well-known
viscous fluid phenomena, is numerically demonstrated using the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation.


title:
Path integral evaluation of the kinetic isotope effects based on the
  quantum instanton approximation

abstract:
  A general method for computing kinetic isotope effects is described. The
method uses the quantum-instanton approximation and is based on the
thermodynamic integration with respect to the mass of the isotopes and on the
path-integral Monte-Carlo evaluation of relevant thermodynamic quantities. The
central ingredients of the method are the Monte-Carlo estimators for the
logarithmic derivatives of the partition function and the delta-delta
correlation function. Several alternative estimators for these quantities are
described here and their merits are compared on the benchmark hydrogen-exchange
reaction, H+H_2->H_2+H on the Truhlar-Kuppermann potential energy surface.
Finally, a qualitative discussion of issues arising in many-dimensional systems
is provided.


title: Neutrino and it's lepton

abstract:
  In this paper I cite p.p. 100-117 of book G. Quznetsov, Probabilistic
Treatment of Gauge Theories, in series Contemporary Fundamental Physics,ed. V.
Dvoeglazov, Nova Sci. Publ., NY (2007). There I research a bound between
neutrino and it's lepton.


title: Introduction to the Workshop "30 years of bubble chamber physics"

abstract:
  After some recollections of the early bubble chamber times, a brief overview
of the golden age of the field is made, including its legacy and the use of
bubble chamber events for the popularization of science.


title:
Induced order and reentrant melting in classical two-dimensional binary
  clusters

abstract:
  A binary system of classical charged particles interacting through a dipole
repulsive potential and confined in a two-dimensional hardwall trap is studied
by Brownian dynamics simulations. We found that the presence of small particles
\emph{stabilizes} the angular order of the system as a consequence of radial
fluctuations of the small particles. There is an optimum in the increased
rigidity of the cluster as function of the number of small particles. The small
(i.e. defect) particles melt at a lower temperature compared to the big
particles and exhibit a \emph{reentrant} behavior in its radial order that is
induced by the intershell rotation of the big particles.


title:
Bayesian analysis of signal deconvolution using measured instrument
  response functions

abstract:
  Using measured instrumental response functions for data deconvolution is a
known source of uncertainty. This problem is revisited here with Bayesian data
analysis an Monte Carlo simulations. Noise correlation induced by the
convolution operator is identified as a major source of uncertainty which has
been neglected in previous treatments of this problem. Application to a
luminescence lifetime measurement setup shows that existing approximate
treatments are markedly defficient and that the correlation length of the noise
is directly related to the lifetime to be estimated. Simple counteractive
treatments are proposed to increase the accuracy of this procedure.


title: Scattering by a nihility sphere

abstract:
  On interrogation by a plane wave, the back-scattering efficiency of a
nihility sphere is identically zero, and its extinction and forward-scattering
efficiencies are higher than those of a perfectly conducting sphere.


title: Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of 19F Nuclei

abstract:
  This study explores, both theoretically and experimentally, the
photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) of 19F
nuclei, the associated spin relaxation, cross-relaxation and cross-correlation
effects, as well as potential applications of 19F CIDNP to protein structure
and folding problems. Keywords: CIDNP, relaxation, fluorine, NMR, NOE,
TR-CIDNP, tc5b, Trp-cage, GFP