title: The Origin of Gravity

abstract:
  I consider a pair of harmonic, electromagnetically coupled oscillators. Their
dynamic coupling is allowed in the near field, that is, for frequencies roughly
below ~c/r for virtual exchanges between two elementary entities. It is also
valid for tunneling photons from very distant and red-shifted matter in the
radiation gauge. In this case, the near magnetic field can be safely ignored. I
treat the problem using Planck's and Post's ensemble description of harmonic
oscillators. It is found that the correlated interacting modes have lower eigen
frequencies and positive zero-modes, their anticorrelating counterparts having
higher eigenfrequencies and negative zero-modes. While the former tend to
induce coherent states over large ensembles, the latter cannot. This applies to
all the modes of the near field, as well as to the transverse radiant modes. As
a result, an attractive -1/r long-range potential is found in all the
zero-modes of the near field, with a cosmological constant depending on the
disorder in the system, provided that the interacting modes be most strongly
cohered from the far infrared. This occurs naturally in Yilmaz's cosmology,
where the Zitterbewegung of very distant matter is felt in the far infrared by
the Zitterbewegung of local matter, in proportion to the frequencies of both,
which agrees with the principle of equivalence. The Machian inertia appears on
cosmic scales from bound coherent states through this tunneling electromagnetic
radiation. In an elliptic Universe, the very low frequency modes of the coupled
oscillators can be identified with those of their radiative antipodal image. As
a result, far infrared coherent modes are expected to arise in the Universe
that lies within their realm, in which the local oscillators intrinsically
partake, inducing gravity.


title:
Calculation of nuclear spin-dependent parity-nonconserving amplitude for
  (7s,F=4) --> (7s,F=5) transition in Fr

abstract:
  Many-body calculation of nuclear spin-dependent parity-nonconserving
amplitude for (7s,F=4) --> (7s,F=5) transition between hyperfine sublevels of
the ground state of $^{211}$Fr is carried out. The final result is <7s,F=5
||d_PNC|| 7s,F=4> = -0.49 10^{-10} i kappa a.u., where kappa is the
dimensionless coupling constant. This is approximately an order of magnitude
larger than similar amplitude in Cs. The dominant contribution to kappa is
associated with the anapole moment of the nucleus.


title: An Empirical Look at Neutrino Oscillations

abstract:
  The data supporting neutrino oscillations are reexamined empirically,
ignoring the phase space of the usual theory. An absolutely minimum description
can be constructed easily without assuming oscillations. An empirical fit to a
simplified but representative set of neutrino problem data may require only two
free parameters; the usual oscillation theory requires as many as four.
  Free parameters used were total mass in range of a propagating neutrino,
distance travelled, and a detector profile parameter.
  The usual oscillation theory appears overcomplicated and inefficient. Even if
future data do not demand it be complicated further, it should be abandoned for
something better.


title: Fractional Kinetics for Relaxation and Superdiffusion in Magnetic Field

abstract:
  We propose fractional Fokker-Planck equation for the kinetic description of
relaxation and superdiffusion processes in constant magnetic and random
electric fields. We assume that the random electric field acting on a test
charged particle is isotropic and possesses non-Gaussian Levy stable
statistics. These assumptions provide us with a straightforward possibility to
consider formation of anomalous stationary states and superdiffusion processes,
both properties are inherent to strongly non-equilibrium plasmas of solar
systems and thermonuclear devices. We solve fractional kinetic equations, study
the properties of the solution, and compare analytical results with those of
numerical simulation based on the solution of the Langevin equations with the
noise source having Levy stable probability density. We found, in particular,
that the stationary states are essentially non-Maxwellian ones and, at the
diffusion stage of relaxation, the characteristic displacement of a particle
grows superdiffusively with time and is inversely proportional to the magnetic
field.


title:
Self-Focused Electron Beams Produced by Pyroelecric Crystals on Heating
  or Cooling in Dilute Gases

abstract:
  Self-focusing, spatially stable, electron beams arising from heating up to
160 degrees C and cooling to room temperature pyroelectric LiNbO3 crystals in
dilute gases have been observed for the first time. The current (up to
nanoamperes) and energies (up to 170 keV) of these electron beams attained
maximum values and then decreased during the cooling phase of the thermal
cycle. Cylindrical crystals produced spatially stable beams with typical focal
lengths of 22 mm and 1mm spot sizes. Here we present photographic as well as
electronic proof of their existence.


title: Feedback Systems for Linear Colliders

abstract:
  Feedback systems are essential for stable operation of a linear collider,
providing a cost-effective method for relaxing tight tolerances. In the
Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), feedback controls beam parameters such as
trajectory, energy, and intensity throughout the accelerator. A novel dithering
optimization system which adjusts final focus parameters to maximize luminosity
contributed to achieving record performance in the 1997-98 run. Performance
limitations of the steering feedback have been investigated, and improvements
have been made. For the Next Linear Collider (NLC), extensive feedback systems
are planned as an intregal part of the design. Feedback requiremetns for JLC
(the Japanese Linear Collider) are essentially identical to NLC; some of the
TESLA requirements are similar but there are significant differences. For NLC,
algorithms which incorporate improvements upon the SLC implementation are being
prototyped. Specialized systems for the damping rings, rf and interaction point
will operate at high bandwidth and fast response. To correct for the motion of
individual bunches within a train, both feedforward and feedback systems are
planned. SLC experience has shown that feedback systems are an invaluable
operational tool for decoupling systems, allowing precision tuning, and
providing pulse-to-pulse diagnostics. Feedback systems for the NLC will
incorporate the key SLC features and the benefits of advancing technologies.


title:
Reducing the linewidth of a diode laser below 30 Hz by stabilization to
  a reference cavity with finesse above 10^5

abstract:
  An extended cavity diode laser operating in the Littrow configuration
emitting near 657 nm is stabilized via its injection current to a reference
cavity with a finesse of more than 10^5 and a corresponding resonance linewidth
of 14 kHz. The laser linewidth is reduced from a few MHz to a value below 30
Hz. The compact and robust setup appears ideal for a portable optical frequency
standard using the Calcium intercombination line.


title:
Roughness enhanced K x-ray emission from femtosecond laser produced
  copper plasmas

abstract:
  K x-ray emission from copper plasmas produced by 100 fs, 806 nm laser pulses
at intensities in the range of 10^15-10^16 W cm^-2 is studied with respect to
input laser polarization and target surface conditions. We demonstrate that
even moderate surface roughness enhances the characteristic x-ray yield by as
much as 70 %. We further show that surface roughness of the targets overrides
the effect of polarization state in light coupling to the plasma.


title:
Unconditionally Stable Algorithms to Solve the Time-Dependent Maxwell
  Equations

abstract:
  Based on the Suzuki product-formula approach, we construct a family of
unconditionally stable algorithms to solve the time-dependent Maxwell
equations. We describe a practical implementation of these algorithms for one-,
two-, and three-dimensional systems with spatially varying permittivity and
permeability. The salient features of the algorithms are illustrated by
computing selected eigenmodes and the full density of states of one-, two-, and
three-dimensional models and by simulating the propagation of light in slabs of
photonic band-gap materials.


title: Dynamical symmetries and harmonic generation

abstract:
  We discuss harmonic generation in the case of laser field-dressed
Hamiltonians that are invariant under so-called dynamical symmetry operations.
Examples for such systems are molecules which exhibit a discrete rotational
symmetry of order
  N (e.g. benzene with N=6) interacting with a circularly polarized laser field
and single atoms in a bichromatic field, with the two lasers having circular
polarizations. Within a general group theory approach we study the harmonics
one obtains from the interaction of a laser pulse and a circular molecule. When
the system is in a pure field-dressed state the known selection rule kN \pm 1,
k=1,2,3, ... results. However, other lines are observed when recombinations
with states of a symmetry different from the initial one become important. This
is the case for realistic laser pulses (i.e., with a finite duration). In
particular when the fundamental laser frequency (or one of its multiples) is
resonant with a transition between field-dressed states. Numerical ab initio
simulations, confirming our analytical calculations and illustrating the power
of the group theory approach, are presented.


title: The indefinite metric problem revisited and chased away

abstract:
  Attempts to quantize light in a manifestly Lorentz covariant manner fail
because of the indefinite metric problem. Here an error in the interpretation
is uncovered that is at the root of this problem.


title: Kinetics of Combustion in the Layered Ni-Al System

abstract:
  Theoretical analysis and experimental results on the combustion in the Ni-Al
layered system are presented. Combustion wave temperature and velocity were
measured and microstructural and compositional determinations were made. The
latter were made on products of complete combustion and on quenched samples
using metallographic and electron microprobe analyses. The dependence of
temperature in the reaction zone on the degree of conversion was calculated
from equations of chemical kinetics and heat balance. The reaction was found to
involve two stages: one proceeding in the liquid phase and the other in the
solid phase. The former determines the combustion velocity, while the latter
determines the adiabatic combustion temperature. The rate of heat release in
the bulk and the combustion velocity were calculated with the assumption that
the reaction is controlled by the dissolution of solid Ni in liquid Al. The
experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.


title: Induced Gravity in the Short Range

abstract:
  We consider a pair of harmonic oscillators in two or three dimensions of
space coupled by the standard electrodynamic forces : the Coulomb, the Lorentz
and the electrokinetic forces. The addition of the Lorentz force is mainly felt
in the short range and suppresses the radial correlated oscillating mode of
such coupled oscillators. This imposes constraints on the system that make the
two transverse modes degenerate. As a result, an 1/r antigravitational
interaction now appears in the surviving anticorrelated radial zero-mode, which
does not allow coherent states to form. As gravitation can only emerge from
coherent modes, it can no longer be transitive. Matter in high densities would
thus tend to increase its disorder, decouple from its own gravity, from the
ordering far infrared Machian background that coheres its rest energy and would
become intrinsically unstable. The highly energetic jets from galactic nuclei
could be the consequence.


title: Backward Causation, Isolation and the Pursuit of Justice

abstract:
  The recent operationalization of the famous Newcomb's game by Schmidt (1998)
offers an interesting and thought-provoking look at the plausibility of
backward causation in a Newtonian universe. Hereby we investigate two details
of the Schmidt's scenario which may, at least in principle, invalidate his
conclusion in two different domains: one dealing with the issue of Newtonian
predictability in specific instance of human actions, and the other stemming
from a possible strategy aimed at obviating the anthropically oriented view of
backward causation as applied to a judicial and ethical problem posed by a
version of the scenario. We conclude that the scenario is at least to be more
complex than originally presented in order to remain viable. However, it points
to a very deep and delicate question of compatibility of backward causation
with the conventional ethical standards.


title:
A route to magnetic field reversals: an example of an ABC-forced
  non-linear dynamo

abstract:
  We are investigating numerically the non-linear behavior of a space-periodic
MHD system with ABC forcing. Most computations are performed for magnetic
Reynolds numbers increasing from 0 to 60 and a fixed kinematic Reynolds number,
small enough for the trivial solution with a zero magnetic field to be stable
to velocity perturbations. At the critical magnetic Reynolds number for the
onset of instability of the trivial solution the dominant eigenvalue of the
kinematic dynamo problem is real. In agreement with the bifurcation theory new
steady states with non-vanishing magnetic field appear in this bifurcation.
Subsequent bifurcations are investigated. A regime is detected, where chaotic
variations of the magnetic field orientation (analogous to magnetic field
reversals) are observed in the temporal evolution of the system.


title: Ionospheric manifestations of geomagnetic pulsations at high latitudes

abstract:
  In this paper the interrelation between geomagnetic pulsations and variations
in frequency Doppler shift (Fd) of the ionosphere-reflected radio signal is
under investigation. The experiment on simultaneous recording of Fd variations
and geomagnetic pulsations was organised at high latitude station in Norilsk
(geomagnetic latitude and longitude 64.2 N, 160.4 E, L=5.3) during
Febrary-April of 1995-98. Thirty cases of simultaneous recording of duration
from 10 min to two hour were analysed: 6 cases of simultaneous recording of
variations Fd and regular geomagnetic pulsations Pc5; and 25 cases of recording
of Fd variations and irregular pulsations Pi2.
  On the basis of experimental results, the following conclusions have been
drawn: a) Hydromagnetic waves in the range of regular Pc5 pulsations, when
interacting with the ionospheric F2 layer, make the main contribution to
short-period Fd variations. The possible mechanism of Fd variations are
oscillations of electron density, associated with distribution of a
hydromagnetic wave in an ionosphere. b) There exists an unquestionable
interrelation between Fd variations of the sporadic E layer-reflected radio
signal and irregular Pi2 pulsations, but for some reasons it is traced poorly.


title:
Inhomogeneous structure of the high-latitude ionosphere as observed at
  Norilsk

abstract:
  In March and August/September 1995, February 1996, and in March-April 1998,
observations of the inhomogeneous structure of the high-latitude ionosphere
were carried out at Norilsk (geomagnetic latitude and longitude are 64.2 N and
160.4 E, and L=5.2). Small-scale irregularities (with the lifetime of several
seconds,and the spatial scale less than 5-7 km), and medium-size wave
irregularities(with the period of 10-50 min, and the horizontal size of tens
and hundreds of kilometres) of the ionospheric F layer were investigated under
different geophysical conditions. A total of 300 hours of observations was
recorded, including 250 reflections from the F2 layer, and the other
reflections from the sporadic E layer.
  The diurnal variations of inhomogeneous structure parameters in March and
April is obtained. Dependence of some ionospheric irregularity parameters on
geomagnetic activity is presented.


title: Extend Special Relativity to the Superluminal Case

abstract:
  First, we extend the special relativity into the superluminal case and put
forward a superluminal theory of kinematics, in which we show that the temporal
coordinate need exchanging with one of the spatial coordinates in a
superluminal inertial frame, and that the coordinate transformations from any
superluminal inertial frame to the rest frame (here rest just says in a
relative sense) are the same as the Lorentz transformations from some normal
inertial frame to the rest frame. Consequently, the causality can not be
violated. Secondly, we investigate the superluminal theory of dynamics and find
that the total energy of any object moving at a speed of $v$ (faster than the
speed of light in vacuum $c$) is equal to the total energy of that object
moving at a speed of $u (u<c)$ provided that the product of two speeds satisfy
$uv=c^{2}$. Lastly, we conjecture that this superluminal theory can give a
novel interpretation to the essence of matter waves put forward by de Broglie.


title: Temperature behavior of vortices of a 3D thermoconducting viscous fluid

abstract:
  The Navier-Stokes-Fourier model for a 3D thermoconducting viscous fluid,
where the evolution equation for the temperature T contains a term proportional
to the rate of energy dissipation, is investigated analitically at the light of
the rotational invariance property. Two cases are considered: the Couette flow
and a flow with a radial velocity between two rotating impermeable and porous
coaxial cylinders, respectively. In both cases, we show the existence of a
maximum value of T, T_max, when the difference of temperature Delta T=T_2-T_1
on the surfaces of the cylinders is assigned. The role of T_max is discussed in
the context of different physical situations.


title:
Optimizing the production of metastable calcium atoms in a
  magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  We investigate the production of long lived metastable (3P2, n=4) calcium
atoms in a magneto-optical trap operating on the 1S0 to 1P1 transition at 423
nm. For excited 1P1-atoms a weak decay channel into the triplet states 3P2 and
3P1 exists via the singlet 1D2 (n=3) state. The undesired 3P1-atoms decay back
to the ground state within 0.4 ms and can be fully recaptured if the
illuminated trap volume is sufficiently large. We obtain a flux of above 10^10
atoms/s into the 3P2-state. We find that our MOT life time of 23 ms is mainly
limited by this loss channel and thus the 3P2-production is not hampered by
inelasic collisions. If we close the loss channel by repumping the 1D2-atoms
with a 671 nm laser back into the MOT cycling transition, a non-exponential 72
ms trap decay is observed indicating the presence of inelastic two-body
collisions between 1S0 and 1P1 atoms.


title: Formation of Electric Charges in Melting Layer

abstract:
  The paper presents a model of electric charge generation in precipitating
clouds due to breaking of large particles in low melting layer. The Earth's
electric field polarises the droplets and they break into small negatively
charged and large positively charged fragments. A negatively charged cloud
region is formed below melting layer. The charged region induces a field, which
increases both polarisation of the breaking droplets and rate of charge
generation. An equation is derived to describe spatial and temporal variability
of the electric field, which depends on size spectrum of hydrometeors and
vertical draft velocity. The model yields an exponential growth of the electric
field strength to 105 - 106 V/m after 15 min of raining at a rate of more than
10 mm/h. The major condition for that is a downdraft with a velocity of 0.5 - 1
m/s within the melting layer. The maximum field strength in clouds is found at
+20C level where lightning strokes to aircraft are observed most frequently. In
conclusion, factors affecting the charge generation rate are analysed and
methods for experimental verification of the proposed model discussed.


title: Two-loop self-energy correction in H-like ions

abstract:
  A part of the two-loop self-energy correction, the so-called P term, is
evaluated numerically for the 1s state to all orders in Z\alpha. Our
calculation, combined with the previous investigation [S. Mallampalli and J.
Sapirstein, Phys. Rev. A 57, 1548 (1998)], yields the total answer for the
two-loop self-energy correction in H-like uranium and bismuth. As a result, the
major uncertainty is eliminated from the theoretical prediction for the Lamb
shift in these systems. The total value of the ground-state Lamb shift in
H-like uranium is found to be 463.93(50) eV.


title:
Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical
  frequency measurements

abstract:
  We introduce a novel concept for optical frequency measurement and division
which employs a Kerr-lens mode-locked laser as a transfer oscillator whose
noise properties do not enter the measurement process. We experimentally
demonstrate, that this method opens up the route to phase-link signals with
arbitrary frequencies in the optical or microwave range while their frequency
stability is preserved.


title: Optical decay from a Fabry-Perot cavity faster than the decay time

abstract:
  The dynamical response of an optical Fabry-Perot cavity is investigated
experimentally. We observe oscillations in the transmitted and reflected light
intensity if the frequency of the incoupled light field is rapidly changed. In
addition, the decay of a cavity-stored light field is accelerated if the phase
and intensity of the incoupled light are switched in an appropriate way. The
theoretical model by M. J. Lawrence em et al, JOSA B 16, 523 (1999) agrees with
our observations.


title:
Rippling patterns in aggregates of myxobacteria arise from cell-cell
  collisions

abstract:
  Experiments with myxobacterial aggregates reveal standing waves called
rippling patterns. Here, these structures are modelled with a simple discrete
model based on the interplay between migration and collisions of cells.
Head-to-head collisions of cells result in cell reversals. To correctly
reproduce the rippling patterns, a refractory phase after each cell reversal
has to be assumed, during which further reversal is prohibited. The duration of
this phase determines the wavelength and period of the ripple patterns as well
as the reversal frequency of single cells.


title:
Induced long range dipole field enhanced antihydrogen formation in the
  $\bar{p}+ Ps(n=2)\to e^- + \bar{H}(n\le 2)$ reaction

abstract:
  We assume all interaction to be Coulombic and solve the modified Faddeev
equation for energies between the $Ps(n=2)$ and $\bar{H}(n=3)$, which involve
six and eight open channels. We find that 99% of the antihydrogen are formed in
$\bar{H}(n=2)$. Just above the $Ps(n=2)$ threshold the S, P, and D partial
waves contribute more than 4000 square Bohr radii near the maximum. Evidences
indicate that the induced long range dipole potential from the degenerate
$Ps(n=2)$ targets is responsible for such a large antihydrogen formation cross
section.


title: Particles, fluids and vortices

abstract:
  Classical particle mechanics on curved spaces is related to the flow of ideal
fluids, by a dual interpretation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. As in second
quantization, the procedure relates the description of a system with a finite
number of degrees of freedom to one with infinitely many degrees of freedom. In
some two-dimensional fluid mechanics models a duality transformation between
the velocity potential and the stream function can be performed relating
sources and sinks in one model to vortices in the other. The particle mechanics
counterpart of the dual theory is reconstructed. In the quantum theory the
strength of sources and sinks, as well as vorticity are quantized; for the
duality between theories to be preserved these quantization conditions must be
related.


title: Laser induced collisions between Lithium isotopes

abstract:
  The near resonant cooling mechanism have offered for the experiment with
laser induced excitation of Lithium isotopes and its ionization by collisions.


title:
First Lasing of Volume FEL (VFEL) at Wavelength Range $\lambda \sim $
  4-6 mm

abstract:
  First lasing of volume free electron laser (VFEL) is described. The
generating system consists of two metal diffraction grating with different
spatial periods. The first grating creates the conditions for Smith Purcell
emission mechanism. The second grating provides the distributed feedback for
emitted wave. The length of diffraction grating is 10 cm. Electron beam pulse
with a time duration $\tau \sim$ 10 ms has a sinusoidal form with the amplitude
varied from 1 to ~10 kV. The measured microwave power reached the value of
about 3-4 W in mm wavelength range. The generation stops at threshold current
value. When the current tends to the threshold value, the region of generation
tends to a narrow band near to 5 kV. At higher current values the radiation
appears in electron energy range 5 - 7.5 KeV.


title:
A realization of Mach's Principle: Clocks and rods - or something more
  fundamental?

abstract:
  This paper is essentially a speculation on the realization of Mach's
Principle, and we came to the details of the present analysis via the
formulation of two questions: (A) Can a globally inertial space & time be
associated with a non-trivial global matter distribution? (B) If so, what are
the general properties of such a global distribution?
  These questions are addressed within the context of an extremely simple model
universe consisting of particles possessing only the property of enumerability
existing in a formless continuum. Since there are no pre-specified ideas of
clocks and rods in this model universe, we are forced into fundamental
considerations about the nature of spatial and temporal measurement.
  In answer to the original two questions, the analysis tells us that a
globally inertial space & time can be associated with a non-trivial global
matter distribution, and that this distribution is necessarily fractal with
D=2.
  This latter result is compared with the results of modern surveys of galaxy
distributions (typically, Joyce, Montuori, Labini astro-ph/9901290, ApJ Lett
1999 and other references in this paper), which find that such distributions
are quasi-fractal with D approx = 2 on the small-to-medium scales, with the
situation on the medium-to-large scales being a topic of considerable debate.
Accordingly, and bearing in mind the extreme simplicity of the model
considered, the observational evidence is consistent with the interpretation
that the analysed point-of-view captures the cosmic reality to a good
first-order approximation. We consider the implications of these results.


title:
Wave duration/persistence statistics, recording interval, and fractal
  dimension

abstract:
  The statistics of sea state duration (persistence) have been found to be
dependent upon the recording interval \Delta t. Such behavior can be explained
as a consequence of the fact that the graph of a time series of an
environmental parameter such as the significant wave height has an irregular,
"fractal" geometry. The mean duration, \bar\tau, can have a power-law
dependence on \Delta t as \Delta t -> 0, with an exponent equal to the fractal
dimension of the level sets of the time series graph. This recording interval
dependence means that the mean duration is not a well defined quantity to use
for marine operational purposes. A more practical quantity may be the "useful
mean duration", \bar\tau^u, estimated from the formula
(\sum\tau_i^2)/(\sum\tau_i), where each interval [t_i,t_i+\tau_i] satisfying
the appropriate criterion is weighted by its duration. These results are
illustrated using wave data from the Frigg gas field in the North Sea.


title: Pyroelectric Response in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 to Temperature Changes

abstract:
  Measurements of the polarization charge accumulated at the -z and the +z
bases of the pyroelectric crystals of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 during changes in
temperature are described. An electrometer in the charge mode with its probe
attached to the base under study was used. A reference for the electrometer was
established by grounding the electrometer probe at a specific crystal
temperature, i.e., zeroing the electrometer. When the ground is broken an
induced charge, held captive by the polarization charge at the base of the
crystal, remains in the probe circuit. Then as the temperature of the crystal
is changed the electrometer reads the change in the polarization charge with
respect to the polarization charge at the zeroing temperature. Data was
obtained for each type of crystal and at the -z and +z bases for three
different grounding conditions. Each experiment consisted of data accumulation
for five thermal cycles. The electrometer readings at a given temperature
appeared to be different for the three grounding conditions but the difference
in the charge readings for a given difference of temperature was independent of
the grounding situation. Measurements of the polarization charge were taken
while the temperature of the crystal was held constant for about fourteen
hours. The polarization charge remained constant at the -z and +z base as long
as the temperature remained constant. These results, the independence of the
charge difference for a given temperature difference with respect to the
zeroing conditions and the constancy of the charge reading with respect to the
constancy of the crystal temperature, lead to the inference that the
polarization charge is a reproducible function of the crystal temperature and
is a physical property of the crystal.


title: Quantum Field Theory and Phylogenetic Branching

abstract:
  A calculational framework is proposed for phylogenetics, using nonlocal
quantum field theories in hypercubic geometry. Quadratic terms in the
Hamiltonian give the underlying Markov dynamics, while higher degree terms
represent branching events. The spatial dimension L is the number of leaves of
the evolutionary tree under consideration. Momentum conservation modulo
${\mathbb Z}_{2}^{times L}$ in $L \leftarrow 1$ scattering corresponds to tree
edge labelling using binary L-vectors. The bilocal quadratic term allows for
momentum-dependent rate constants - only the tree(s) compatible with selected
nonzero edge rates contribute to the branching probability distribution.
Applications to models of evolutionary branching processes are discussed.


title:
Manifold Damping of Transverse Wakefields in High Phase Advance
  Traveling Wave Structures and Local Damping of Dipole Wakefields in Standing
  Wave Accelerators

abstract:
  Operating the SLAC/KEK DDS (Damped Detuned Structure) X-band linacs at high
gradients (in excess of 70MV/m) has recently been found to be limited by the
accelerator structures breaking down and as a consequence severe damage occurs
to the cells which makes the structures inoperable. A series of recent
experiments at SLAC indicates that arcing in the structures is significantly
reduced if the group velocity of the accelerating mode is reduced and
additionally it has been discovered that reducing the length of the
accelerating structure also limits the number and intensity of breakdown events
[1]. However, in designing new accelerating structures care must be taken to
ensure that the beam-induced transverse wakefields do not cause the beam to
become unstable. Here, we report on damping transverse wakefields in two
different short structures: a 90cm traveling wave structure in which the
wakefield is coupled out to four attached manifolds and secondly, in a standing
wave structure in which a limited number of cells heavily damp down the
wakefield.
  [1] C. Adolphsen, ROAA003, this conf.


title:
Dipole Wakefield Suppression In High Phase Advance Detuned Linear
  Accelerators For The JLC/NLC Designed To Minimise Electrical Breakdown And
  Cumulative BBU

abstract:
  Recent experiments at SLAC [1,2] and CERN [3] have revealed evidence of
significant deformation in the form of "pitting" of the cells of the 1.8m
series of structures DDS/RDDS (Damped Detuned Structure/Rounded Damped Detuned
Structure). This pitting occurs in the high group velocity (vg /c = 0.012) end
of the accelerating structure and little evidence of breakdown has been found
in the lower group velocity end of the structure. Additional, albeit
preliminary experimental evidence, suggests that shorter and lower group
velocity structures have reduced breakdown events with increasing accelerating
field strengths. Two designs are presented here, firstly a 90cm structure
consisting of 83 cells with an initial vg/c = 0.0506 (known as H90VG5) and
secondly, an even shorter structure of length 60cm consisting of 55 cells with
an initial vg /c = 0.03 (known as H60VG3). The feasibility of using these
structures to accelerate a charged beam over 10km is investigated. The
particular issue focussed upon is suppression of the dipole wakefields via
detuning of the cell frequencies and by locally damping individual cells in
order to avoid BBU (Beam Break Up). Results are presented on beam-induced
dipole wakefields and on the beam dynamics encountered on tracking the progress
of the beam through several thousand accelerating structures.
  [1] C. Adolphsen, ROAA003, this conf. [2] R.H. Miller et al, FPAH062, this
conf. [3] L. Groening et al, MPPH039, this conf


title: The Mathematical Moments Hypothesis

abstract:
  New theories about quantum gravity are uncovering a path that could unleash
the predictive powers of quantum mechanics on the macro and cosmic levels. To
reconcile quantum mechanics with relativity, these theories suggest spacetime
is emergent. Although a consensus is growing that space is emergent from
quantum entanglement, there is less consensus regarding emergent time. Space
being emergent from quantum entanglement answers why the mathematics of quantum
entanglement is not constrained by the geometry of space but does not account
for the mathematics of spacetime, which is inconsistent with quantum
experiments. This article reveals a solution by mathematically combining
existing ideas of quantum mechanics. The model resulting from this combination
not only predicts that space and time emerge simultaneously from quantum
entanglement but that the mathematics of spacetime is influenced by factors
that differ between the quantum and cosmic scales. Specifically, two such
factors are identified. This new model suggests that quantum physicists have
not just found a way to model the world, they are reverse engineering the
base-code of the universe. This article demonstrates that, taken seriously,
this suggestion offers a technical framework for analysis of and valuable
insights into modern physics.


title:
Subthermal linewidths in photoassociation spectra of cold alkaline earth
  atoms

abstract:
  Narrow s-wave features with subthermal widths are predicted for the ^1Pi_g
photoassociation spectra of cold alkaline earth atoms. The phenomenon is
explained by numerical and analytical calculations. These show that only a
small subthermal range of collision energies near threshold contributes to the
s-wave features that are excited when the atoms are very far apart. The
resonances survive thermal averaging, and may be detectable for Ca cooled near
the Doppler cooling temperature of the 4^1P <- 4^1S laser cooling transition.


title:
Angular Correlation in Double Photoionization of Atoms and the Role of
  the Observer

abstract:
  The problem of angular correlation in the double photoionization (DPI) of
rare gas atoms is considered in some depth. We refer particularly to the
efficiency operator for the detection of an electron by a detector having the
shape of a right circular cylinder. The different factors in the efficiency
operator are discussed in detail keeping in mind the fundamental
epistemological question of the role of the observer (or his equipment) in such
experiments.


title: Atomic collision dynamics in optical lattices

abstract:
  We simulate collisions between two atoms, which move in an optical lattice
under the dipole-dipole interaction. The model describes simultaneously the two
basic dynamical processes, namely the Sisyphus cooling of single atoms, and the
light-induced inelastic collisions between them. We consider the J=1/2 -> J=3/2
laser cooling transition for Cs, Rb and Na. We find that the hotter atoms in a
thermal sample are selectively lost or heated by the collisions, which modifies
the steady state distribution of atomic velocities, reminiscent of the
evaporative cooling process.


title: Asymmetry of the natural line profile for the hydrogen atom

abstract:
  The asymmetry of the natural line profile for transitions in hydrogen-like
atoms is evaluated within a QED framework. For the Lyman-alpha $1s-2p$
absorption transition in neutral hydrogen this asymmetry results in an
additional energy shift of 2.929856 Hz. For the $2s_{1/2}-2p_{3/2}$ transition
it amounts to -1.512674 Hz. As a new feature this correction turns out to be
process dependent. The quoted numbers refer to the Compton-scattering process.


title: Electrodynamics of quasi-periodic media

abstract:
  In this work the interaction of electromagnetic field with quasi-periodic
media has been scrutinized. We have obtained the formula for a distorted medium
polarizability tenzor in the X-ray frequency band. Also there have been
obtained the X-rays dynamic diffraction equations for media with arbitrary
smooth distortion. For these equations the Takagi-Tuipin equations are obtained
as a particular case. We have got a very simple formula for the coefficient of
X-ray reflaction on the bent Bragg mirror. We have scrutinized the example of
calculating the X-rays reflaction and focusing by the bent Bragg mirror. Also
in this work one could find the rezults of calculating the reflected X-rays
caustics form. It is shown that there exists a possibility of linear dimensions
of the X-rays focusing area having typical values of 10^-7 cm.


title:
Variational description of the Helium trimer using correlated
  hyperspherycal harmonic basis functions

abstract:
  A variational wave function constructed with correlated Hyperspherical
Harmonic functions is used to describe the Helium trimer. This system is known
to have a deep bound state. In addition, different potential models predict the
existence of a shallow excited state that has been identified as an Efimov
state. Using the Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle the energies and wave
functions of both bound states have been obtained by solving a generalized
eigenvalue problem. The introduction of a suitable correlation factor reduces
considerably the dimension of the basis needed to accurately describe the
structure of the system. The most recent helium-helium interactions have been
investigated.


title: An All-Cryogenic THz Transmission Spectrometer

abstract:
  This paper describes a THz transmission spectrometer for the spectral range
of 2-65 cm^-1 (100 GHz to 2 THz) with a spectral resolution of at least 1.8
cm^-1 (50 GHz) where the source, sample, and detector are all fully contained
in a cryogenic environment. Cyclotron emission from a two-dimensional electron
gas heated with an electrical current serves as a magnetic field tunable
source. The spectrometer is demonstrated at 4.2 K by measuring the resonant
cyclotron absorption of a second two dimensional electron gas. Unique aspects
of the spectrometer are that 1) an ultra-broadband detector is used and 2) the
emitter is run quasi-continuously with a chopping frequency of only 1 Hz. Since
optical coupling to room temperature components is not necessary, this
technique is compatible with ultra-low temperature (sub 100 mK) operation.


title: Mean flow in hexagonal convection: stability and nonlinear dynamics

abstract:
  Weakly nonlinear hexagon convection patterns coupled to mean flow are
investigated within the framework of coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. The
equations are in particular relevant for non-Boussinesq Rayleigh-B\'enard
convection at low Prandtl numbers. The mean flow is found to (1) affect only
one of the two long-wave phase modes of the hexagons and (2) suppress the
mixing between the two phase modes. As a consequence, for small Prandtl numbers
the transverse and the longitudinal phase instability occur in sufficiently
distinct parameter regimes that they can be studied separately. Through the
formation of penta-hepta defects, they lead to different types of transient
disordered states. The results for the dynamics of the penta-hepta defects shed
light on the persistence of grain boundaries in such disordered states.


title:
Physical conditions of the ball lightning ejection caused by interaction
  of electrical discharge with metal and polymer

abstract:
  Physical conditions of formation of the ball lightning with high energy
density considered as condensate of heavily excited atoms have been studied. In
our approach the ball lightning formation processes is considered as a form of
energy-structure self-organi-zation on the base of metastable substance and
interchange. We propose different variants of the experimental method to create
autonomous formation on the base of the closed capillary discharge allowing to
obtain the objects with the life time up to 2s which burn through the foil,
explode and can penetrate through the polymer wall without destroying it.


title: An analytically solvable three-body problem

abstract:
  The problem of three particles interacting through harmonic forces is
discussed within the Newtonian formalism. By means of a didactic approach, an
exact analytical solution is found, and ways to extend it to the N-body case
are pointed out.


title:
Recent Conceptual Consequences of Loop Quantum Gravity. Part I:
  Foundational Aspects

abstract:
  Conceptual consequences of recent results in loop quantum gravity are
collected and discussed here in view of their implications for a modern
philosophy of science which is mainly understood as one that totalizes
scientific insight so as to eventually achieve a consistent model of what may
be called fundamental heuristics on an onto-epistemic background which is part
of recently proposed transcendental materialism. This enterprise is being
understood as a serious attempt of answering recent appeals to philosophy so as
to provide a conceptual foundation for what is going on in modern physics, and
of bridging the obvious gap between physics and philosophy. This present first
part of the paper deals with foundational aspects of this enterprise, a second
part will deal with its holistic aspects.


title: Causal Classical Theory of Radiation Damping

abstract:
  It is shown how initial conditions can be appropriately defined for the
integration of Lorentz-Dirac equations of motion. The integration is performed
\QTR{it}{forward} in time. The theory is applied to the case of the motion of
an electron in an intense laser pulse, relevant to nonlinear Compton
scattering.


title: Quantum Clustering

abstract:
  We propose a novel clustering method that is based on physical intuition
derived from quantum mechanics. Starting with given data points, we construct a
scale-space probability function. Viewing the latter as the lowest eigenstate
of a Schrodinger equation, we use simple analytic operations to derive a
potential function whose minima determine cluster centers. The method has one
parameter, determining the scale over which cluster structures are searched. We
demonstrate it on data analyzed in two dimensions (chosen from the eigenvectors
of the correlation matrix). The method is applicable in higher dimensions by
limiting the evaluation of the Schrodinger potential to the locations of data
points. In this case the method may be formulated in terms of distances between
data points.


title:
Excitons in a Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting System: A Combined
  Molecular Dynamics/Quantum Chemistry and Polaron Model Study

abstract:
  The dynamics of pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions in
light-harvesting complexes is studied with a novel approach which combines
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum chemistry (QC) calculations.
The MD simulations of an LH-II complex, solvated and embedded in a lipid
bilayer at physiological conditions (with total system size of 87,055 atoms)
revealed a pathway of a water molecule into the B800 binding site, as well as
increased dimerization within the B850 BChl ring, as compared to the
dimerization found for the crystal structure. The fluctuations of pigment (B850
BChl) excitation energies, as a function of time, were determined via ab initio
QC calculations based on the geometries that emerged from the MD simulations.
  From the results of these calculations we constructed a time-dependent
Hamiltonian of the B850 exciton system from which we determined the linear
absorption spectrum. Finally, a polaron model is introduced to describe quantum
mechanically both the excitonic and vibrational (phonon) degrees of freedom.
The exciton-phonon coupling that enters into the polaron model, and the
corresponding phonon spectral function are derived from the MD/QC simulations.
It is demonstrated that, in the framework of the polaron model, the absorption
spectrum of the B850 excitons can be calculated from the autocorrelation
function of the excitation energies of individual BChls, which is readily
available from the combined MD/QC simulations. The obtained result is in good
agreement with the experimentally measured absorption spectrum.


title: Renormalization Group Reduction of Non Integrable Hamiltonian Systems

abstract:
  Based on the Renormalization Group method, a reduction of non integrable
multi-dimensional hamiltonian systems has been performed. The evolution
equations for the slowly varying part of the angle-averaged phase space
density, and for the amplitudes of the angular modes have been derived. It has
been shown that these equations are precisely the Renormalization Group
equations. As an application of the approach developed, the modulational
diffusion in one-and-a-half degree of freedom dynamical system has been studied
in detail.


title:
Extrapolative Analysis of Fast-Switching Free Energy Estimates in a
  Molecular System

abstract:
  We perform an extrapolative analysis of "fast-growth" free-energy-difference
(DF) estimates of a computer-modeled, fully-solvated ethane<->methanol
transformation. The results suggest that extrapolation can greatly reduce the
systematic error in DF estimated from a small number of very fast switches. Our
extrapolation procedure uses block-averages of finite-data estimates, and
appears to be particularly useful for broad, non-Gaussian distributions of data
which produce substantial systematic errors with insufficient data. In every
tested case, the extrapolative results were better than direct estimates.


title: Transition Events in Butane Simulations: Similarities Across Models

abstract:
  From a variety of long simulations of all-atom butane using both stochastic
and fully-solved molecular dynamics, we have uncovered striking generic
behavior which also occurs in one-dimensional systems. We find an apparently
universal distribution of transition event durations, as well as a
characteristic speed profile along the reaction coordinate. An approximate
analytic distribution of event durations, derived from a one-dimensional model,
correctly predicts the asymptotic behavior of the universal distribution for
both short and long durations.


title:
Further study of the Over-Barrier Model to compute charge exchange
  processes

abstract:
  In this paper we study theoretically the process of electron capture between
one-optical-electron atoms (e.g. hydrogenlike or alkali atoms) and ions at
low-to-medium impact velocities ($v/v_e \approx 1$) working on a modification
of an already developed classical In this work we present an improvement over
the Over Barrier Model (OBM) described in a recent paper [F. Sattin, Phys. Rev.
A {\bf 62}, 042711 (2000)]. We show that: i) one of the two free parameters
there introduced actually comes out consistently from the starting assumptions
underlying the model; ii) the modified model thus obtained is as much accurate
as the former one. Furthermore, we show that OBMs are able to accurately
predict some recent results of state selective electron capture, at odds with
what previously supposed.


title:
Semi-classical Over Barrier Model for low-velocity ion-atom charge
  exchange processes

abstract:
  We develop an Over Barrier Model for computing charge exchange between ions
and one-active-electron atoms at low impact energies. The main feature of the
model is the treatment of the barrier crossing process by the electron within a
simplified quantum mechanical formulation which takes into account: (a) the
probability of electron reflection even for over-barrier scattering, and (b)
the discreteness of the receiving atom's quantum levels which strongly suppress
captures far from the resonance condition. It is shown that inclusion of these
effects yields a fairly good prediction of experimental data. We discuss also
the probability of electron re-capture by the target.


title:
Interaction of super intense laser pulses with thin foil: Dopler
  transformation of coherent light into X-ray and gamma-ray bands

abstract:
  The formation of relativistic electron mirror produced via ionization of thin
solid target by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulse is considered with the
help of computer simulations. It is shown that the reflection of weak
counter-propagating wave from such a mirror can produce the coherent radiation
in X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The spectrum of up-conversed radiation is
investigated.


title: Relativistic spherical symmetries

abstract:
  The observational "black holes" are quite different objects from the
theoretical black holes.


title: XML for Domain Viewpoints

abstract:
  Within research institutions like CERN (European Organization for Nuclear
Research) there are often disparate databases (different in format, type and
structure) that users need to access in a domain-specific manner. Users may
want to access a simple unit of information without having to understand detail
of the underlying schema or they may want to access the same information from
several different sources. It is neither desirable nor feasible to require
users to have knowledge of these schemas. Instead it would be advantageous if a
user could query these sources using his or her own domain models and
abstractions of the data. This paper describes the basis of an XML (eXtended
Markup Language) framework that provides this functionality and is currently
being developed at CERN. The goal of the first prototype was to explore the
possibilities of XML for data integration and model management. It shows how
XML can be used to integrate data sources. The framework is not only applicable
to CERN data sources but other environments too.


title: Meta-Data Objects as the Basis for System Evolution

abstract:
  One of the main factors driving object-oriented software development in the
Web- age is the need for systems to evolve as user requirements change. A
crucial factor in the creation of adaptable systems dealing with changing
requirements is the suitability of the underlying technology in allowing the
evolution of the system. A reflective system utilizes an open architecture
where implicit system aspects are reified to become explicit first-class
(meta-data) objects. These implicit system aspects are often fundamental
structures which are inaccessible and immutable, and their reification as
meta-data objects can serve as the basis for changes and extensions to the
system, making it self- describing. To address the evolvability issue, this
paper proposes a reflective architecture based on two orthogonal abstractions -
model abstraction and information abstraction. In this architecture the
modeling abstractions allow for the separation of the description meta-data
from the system aspects they represent so that they can be managed and
versioned independently, asynchronously and explicitly. A practical example of
this philosophy, the CRISTAL project, is used to demonstrate the use of
meta-data objects to handle system evolution.


title:
How to Introduce A World Time to A Part of Two Dimensional de Sitter
  Manifold

abstract:
  We define 1+1 dimensional de Sitter manifold in this paper and we consider
various coordinate systems on it. Some interesting aspects of the general
theory of relativity are demonstrated by using the transformations between the
considered coordinate systems. The problem might be of interest for physics and
mathematics students as well as for physics teachers.


title: Mixture of ultracold lithium and cesium atoms in an optical dipole trap

abstract:
  We present the first simultaneous trapping of two different ultracold atomic
species in a conservative trap. Lithium and cesium atoms are stored in an
optical dipole trap formed by the focus of a CO$_2$ laser. Techniques for
loading both species of atoms are discussed and observations of elastic and
inelastic collisions between the two species are presented. A model for
sympathetic cooling of two species with strongly different mass in the presence
of slow evaporation is developed. From the observed Cs-induced evaporation of
Li atoms we estimate a cross section for cold elastic Li-Cs collisions.


title: Non-Newtonian effects in the peristaltic flow of a Maxwell fluid

abstract:
  We analyzed the effect of viscoelasticity on the dynamics of fluids in porous
media by studying the flow of a Maxwell fluid in a circular tube, in which the
flow is induced by a wave traveling on the tube wall. The present study
investigates novelties brought about into the classic peristaltic mechanism by
inclusion of non-Newtonian effects that are important, for example, for
hydrocarbons. This problem has numerous applications in various branches of
science, including stimulation of fluid flow in porous media under the effect
of elastic waves. We have found that in the extreme non-Newtonian regime there
is a possibility of a fluid flow in the direction {\it opposite} to the
propagation of the wave traveling on the tube wall.


title:
Enhacement in the dymanic response of a viscoelastic fluid flowing
  through a longitudinally vibrating tube

abstract:
  We analyzed effects of elasticity on the dynamics of fluids in porous media
by studying a flow of a Maxwell fluid in a tube, which oscillates
longitudinally and is subject to oscillatory pressure gradient. The present
study investigates novelties brought about into the classic Biot's theory of
propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid by inclusion of
non-Newtonian effects that are important, for example, for hydrocarbons. Using
the time Fourier transform and transforming the problem into the frequency
domain, we calculated: (A) the dynamic permeability and (B) the function
$F(\kappa)$ that measures the deviation from Poiseuille flow friction as a
function of frequency parameter $\kappa$. This provides a more complete theory
of flow of Maxwell fluid through the longitudinally oscillating cylindrical
tube with the oscillating pressure gradient, which has important practical
applications. This study has clearly shown transition from dissipative to
elastic regime in which sharp enhancements (resonances) of the flow are found.


title:
Properties of Elastic Waves in a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) Fluid-Saturated
  Porous Medium

abstract:
  The present study investigates novelties brought about into the classic
Biot's theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid
by inclusion of non-Newtonian effects that are important, for example, for
hydrocarbons. Based on our previous results (Tsiklauri and Beresnev: 2001,
Phys. Rev. E, 63, 046304), we have investigated the propagation of rotational
and dilatational elastic waves, through calculating their phase velocities and
attenuation coefficients as a function of frequency. We found that the
replacement of an ordinary Newtonian fluid by a Maxwell fluid in the
fluid-saturated porous solid results in: (a) an overall increase of the phase
velocities of both the rotational and dilatational waves. With the increase of
frequency these quantities tend to a fixed, higher, as compared to the
Newtonian limiting case, level which is not changing with the decrease of the
Deborah number $\alpha$. (b) the overall decrease of the attenuation
coefficients of both the rotational and dilatational waves. With the increase
of frequency these quantities tend to a progressively lower, as compared to the
Newtonian limiting case, levels as $\alpha$ decreases. (c) Appearance of
oscillations in all physical quantities in the deeply non-Newtonian regime.


title:
Femtosecond resolved mega-gauss magnetic field evolution in an intense
  laser generated solid plasma

abstract:
  We report the first femtosecond resolved evolution of the giant magnetic
field in a solid plasma, produced by a 100 fs, 10^16 W cm^-2, 806 nm laser
field, using a pump-probe Faraday rotation technique.


title:
Effective Second Order Susceptibility in Photonic Crystals Composed from
  Centro-Symmetric Materials

abstract:
  A technique for obtaining efficient bulk second order susceptibility in non
centro-symmetric Photonic Crystals (PC) made from centro-symmetric materials is
discussed. The effect is based on the electric quadrupole effect, strong
electromagnetic mode deformation and non homogeneous contribution to volume
polarization from different parts of the PC. The required symmetry breaking is
introduced on the macroscale of the PC unit cell. The obtained structural
chi_str^(2) is comparable with the second order susceptibility of ordinary
non-linear materials. Phase matching can be achieved by introducing symmetry
modulation (Quasi Phase Matching) during fabrication of the PC.


title:
Recent Conceptual Consequences of Loop Quantum Gravity. Part II:
  Holistic Aspects

abstract:
  Based on the foundational aspects which have been discussed as consequences
of ongoing research on loop quantum gravity in the first part of this paper,
the holistic aspects of the latter are discussed in this second part, aiming at
a consistent and systematic approach to eventually model a hierarchically
ordered architecture of the world which is encompassing all of what there
actually is. The idea is to clarify the explicit relationship between physics
and philosophy on the one hand, and philosophy and the sciences in general, on
the other. It is shown that the ontological determination of worldliness is
practically identical with its epistemological determination so that the
(scientific) activity of modelling and representing the world can be visualized
itself as a (worldly) mode of being.


title:
Hybrid Rings of Fixed 8T Superconducting Magnets and Iron Magnets
  Rapidly Cycling between -2T and +2T for a Muon Collider

abstract:
  Two 2200m radius hybrid rings of fixed superconducting magnets and iron
magnets ramping at 200 Hz and 330 Hz are used to accelerate muons. Muons are
given 25 GeV of RF energy per orbit. Acceleration is from 250 GeV/c to 2400
GeV/c and requires a total of 86 orbits in both rings; 82% of the muons
survive. The total power consumption of the iron dipoles is 4 megawatts.
Stranded copper conductors and thin Metglas laminations are used to reduce
power losses.


title: alphaPDE: A New Multivariate Technique for Parameter Estimation

abstract:
  We present alphaPDE, a new multivariate analysis technique for parameter
estimation. The method is based on a direct construction of joint probability
densities of known variables and the parameters to be estimated. We show how
posterior densities and best-value estimates are then obtained for the
parameters of interest by a straightforward manipulation of these densities.
The method is essentially non-parametric and allows for an intuitive graphical
interpretation. We illustrate the method by outlining how it can be used to
estimate the mass of the top quark, and we explain how the method is applied to
an ensemble of events containing background.


title: Narrowing of EIT resonance in a Doppler Broadened Medium

abstract:
  We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of EIT resonance in a
Doppler broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of
the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of
intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser induced
line narrowing effect by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we
recover the usual power broadening case where EIT linewidth is proportional to
the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.


title:
An efficient k.p method for calculation of total energy and electronic
  density of states

abstract:
  An efficient method for calculating the electronic structure in large systems
with a fully converged BZ sampling is presented. The method is based on a
k.p-like approximation developed in the framework of the density functional
perturbation theory. The reliability and efficiency of the method are
demostrated in test calculations on Ar and Si supercells.


title:
Impulse Gravity Generator Based on Charged YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}
  Superconductor with Composite Crystal Structure

abstract:
  The detection of apparent anomalous forces in the vicinity of high-Tc
superconductors under non equilibrium conditions has stimulated an experimental
research in which the operating parameters of the experiment have been pushed
to values higher than those employed in previous attempts. The results confirm
the existence of an unexpected physical interaction. An apparatus has been
constructed and tested in which the superconductor is subjected to peak
currents in excess of 10^4 A, surface potentials in excess of 1 MV, trapped
magnetic field up to 1 T, and temperature down to 40 K. In order to produce the
required currents a high voltage discharge technique has been employed.
Discharges originating from a superconducting ceramic electrode are accompanied
by the emission of radiation which propagates in a focused beam without
noticeable attenuation through different materials and exerts a short repulsive
force on small movable objects along the propagation axis. Within the
measurement error (5 to 7 %) the impulse is proportional to the mass of the
objects and independent on their composition. It therefore resembles a
gravitational impulse. The observed phenomenon appears to be absolutely new and
unprecedented in the literature. It cannot be understood in the framework of
general relativity. A theory is proposed which combines a quantum gravity
approach with anomalous vacuum fluctuations.


title: Remarks on Superluminal Propagation of an Electromagnetic Wave in Air

abstract:
  The significance of the Lorentz gauge as a constraint on solutions of
Maxwellian waves is discussed. It is proved that recent claims of superluminal
propagation of electromagnetic waves rely on an erroneous basis.


title:
Pure Representability Problem and New Models of the Electronic Fock
  Space

abstract:
  New models of the Fock space sector corresponding to some fixed number of
electrons are introduced. These models originate from the representability
theory and their practical implementation may lead to essential reduction of
dimensions of intermediate Configuration Interaction spaces. A certain
zero-order theory that gives wave functions approximately equivalent to ones
obtained by accounting all excitations from the Hartree-Fock reference state up
to the q-th order is proposed. Simple numerical examples are given to
illustrate the approach.


title: Folding DNA into nucleosome and chromatin: dynamics

abstract:
  A theoretical framework for evaluating the approximate energy and dynamic
properties associated with the folding of DNA into nucleosomes and chromatin is
presented. For this purpose experimentally determined elastic constants of
linear DNA and a simple fold geometry are assumed to derive constants for the
higher order folding. The model predicts the correct order of magnitude for the
experimentally determined Young's and shear modulus of condensed chromatin.
Thus we have demonstrated that the elastic properties of DNA are the primary
determinant of the elastic properties of each folded state. The derived elastic
constants are then used to predict the speed of propagation of small amplitude
waves. It is shown that extension/compression, twist, bend or shear waves can
be excite in each folded state.


title: Evidence for Internal Topological Constraints on Neutrino Mixtures

abstract:
  Assuming that the e- and (mu- or tau-type) neutrinos start and end "life" as
topologically distinct quantum objects, and assuming that topology maintenance
is preferred over topology change, both the matrix describing long-distance
neutrino mixtures, and certain neutrino mixing parameters are derived (assuming
that CP-violation is not maximal). Predictions are consistent with both the
Super-Kamiokande-, and SNO-collaboration data on neutrino mixing.


title: Resonant enhancements of high-order harmonic generation

abstract:
  Solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for simple
model potentials, we investigate resonance-enhanced high-order harmonic
generation, with emphasis on the physical mechanism of the enhancement. By
truncating a long-range potential, we investigate the significance of the
long-range tail, the Rydberg series, and the existence of highly excited states
for the enhancements in question. We conclude that the channel closings typical
of a short-range or zero-range potential are capable of generating essentially
the same effects.


title: Algorithm for Finding Optimal Gene Sets in Microarray Prediction

abstract:
  Motivation: Microarray data has been recently been shown to be efficacious in
distinguishing closely related cell types that often appear in the diagnosis of
cancer. It is useful to determine the minimum number of genes needed to do such
a diagnosis both for clinical use and to determine the importance of specific
genes for cancer. Here a replication algorithm is used for this purpose. It
evolves an ensemble of predictors, all using different combinations of genes to
generate a set of optimal predictors.
  Results: We apply this method to the leukemia data of the Whitehead/MIT group
that attempts to differentially diagnose two kinds of leukemia, and also to
data of Khan et. al. to distinguish four different kinds of childhood cancers.
In the latter case we were able to reduce the number of genes needed from 96
down to 15, while at the same time being able to perfectly classify all of
their test data.
  Availability: http://stravinsky.ucsc.edu/josh/gesses/
  Contact: josh@physics.ucsc.edu

categories: physics.bio-ph physics.comp-ph physics.med-ph q-bio


title: A Metric Determined by Photon Exchange

abstract:
  The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special
relativity using only simple algebra [1]. Bondi's argument was placed in the
context of classical electrodynamics. In this paper it is placed in context of
particle theoretic QED. The central derivations are reviewed, using proofs only
slightly more elegant than those in Bondi's books. As used by Bondi, k is
Doppler red shift. The relativistic measurement of position is placed in the
context of an information theoretic interpretation of quantum mechanics as a
theory of measurement results. The law of geodesic motion is seen as consequent
on the refraction of the wave function due curvature, as in geometric optics.
The k-calculus is extended to include gravitational red shift and to account
for gravity by observing that, after allowing a small inherent delay in the
reflection of a photon, the metric defined by the radar method obeys Einstein's
field equation. A very simple derivation of Schwarzschild is given using the
k-calculus and avoiding differential geometry and calculation of Christoffel
symbols. The Newtonian approximation is seen from a direct application of red
shift to the wave function.


title: Direction dependency of extraordinary refraction index

abstract:
  A simple experiment is presented that enables qualitative and quantitative
measurement of the extraordinary refractive index direction dependency in an
uniaxial nematic liquid crystal. Three liquid crystaline cells were designed in
which elongated molecules of nematic liquid crystal align in directions which
enable to observe the variation of extraordinary refractive index as a function
of the direction of light.


title: Model of separated form factors for unilamellar vesicles

abstract:
  New model of separated form factors is proposed for the evaluation of
small-angle neutron scattering curves from large unilamellar vesicles. The
validity of the model was checked by comparison to the model of hollow sphere.
The model of separated form factors and hollow sphere model give reasonable
agreement in the evaluation of vesicle parameters.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph physics.data-an


title:
Nonlinearities and Effects of Transverse Beam Size in Beam Position
  Monitors (revised)

abstract:
  The fields produced by a long beam with a given transverse charge
distribution in a homogeneous vacuum chamber are studied. Signals induced by a
displaced finite-size beam on electrodes of a beam position monitor (BPM) are
calculated and compared to those produced by a pencil beam. The non-linearities
and corrections to BPM signals due to a finite transverse beam size are
calculated for an arbitrary chamber cross section. Simple analytical
expressions are given for a few particular transverse distributions of the beam
current in a circular or rectangular chamber. Of particular interest is a
general proof that in an arbitrary homogeneous chamber the beam-size
corrections vanish for any axisymmetric beam current distribution.


title:
Self-organizing Approach for Automated Gene Identification in Whole
  Genomes

abstract:
  An approach based on using the idea of distinguished coding phase in explicit
form for identification of protein-coding regions (exons) in whole genome has
been proposed. For several genomes an optimal window length for averaging
GC-content function and calculating codon frequencies has been found.
Self-training procedure based on clustering in multidimensional space of
triplet frequencies is proposed. For visualization of data in the space of
triplet requiencies method of elastic maps was applied.


title: The Wave Vector is Limited from Below

abstract:
  It is shown that the electron wave vector in a crystal cannot be smaller than
a certain value. As a result, in a crystal there are many first Brillouin
zones, and not only one as it had been supposed earlier. In crystal there can
be many electrons with the same wave vector, and not only two as it had been
supposed earlier. These electrons must be at sufficiently large distances from
each other. An attempt is made to explain the decrease of electric and thermal
conductivity with decreasing crystal size.


title: Superradiance in volume diffraction grating

abstract:
  Volume Free Electron Laser (VFEL) was proposed in [1-4]. It can operate in
the wide spectral range from microwaves to X-rays. To simulate the processes
which take place in VFEL the superradiance from a short electron pulse moving
in a volume diffraction grating is studied in wavelength range ~4 mm. It is
supposed that Bragg condition for emitted photons is fulfilled and dynamical
diffraction takes place. The spectral-angular distributions for transmitted and
diffracted waves are derived. It is shown that the optimal geometry of
diffraction exists and is determined by the energy and transverse size of
electron beam.


title:
DMSO-Induced Dehydration of DPPC Membranes Studied by X-ray Diffraction,
  Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, and Calorimetry

abstract:
  The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on membrane thickness,
multilamellar repeat distance, and phase transitions of
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated by
X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) study of water freezing and ice melting was
performed in the ternary DPPC /DMSO /water and binary DMSO /water systems. The
methods applied demonstrated the differences in membrane structure in three
sub-regions of the DMSO mole fraction (X_dmso): from 0.0 to 0.3 for the first,
from 0.3 to 0.8 for the second, and from 0.9 to 1.0 for the third sub-region.
The thickness of the intermembrane solvent at T =20C decreases from 14.4 +/-
1.8 A at X_dmso =0.0 to 7.8 +/- 1.8 A at X_dmso =0.1. The data were used to
determine the number of free water molecules in the intermembrane space in the
presence of DMSO. The results for 0.0 < X_dmso < 0.3 were explained in the
framework of DMSO-induced dehydration of the intermembrane space.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph physics.med-ph


title:
Dependence of volume FEL (VFEL) threshold conditions on undulator
  parameters

abstract:
  The idea and principles of volume free electron lasers were proposed in
[1-4]. It was shown there that volume distributed feedback (VDFB) can
essentially reduce the threshold current of generation and provide the
possibility of smooth frequency tuning. The present work considers an undulator
VFEL with multiwave VDFB. It is shown that dependence of threshold current on
the interaction length changes in the point of roots degeneration. This leads
to the sharp decrease of start current if condition of dynamical diffraction is
fulfilled. The dependence of amplification coefficient changes, too. So the
interaction length for generation appears shorter. The proposed scheme can be
used for generation in wide spectral range from microwaves to X-rays. The
operating features of undulator VFEL is considered.


title: GRECP/5e-MRD-CI calculation of the electronic structure of PbH

abstract:
  The correlation calculation of the electronic structure of PbH is carried out
with the Generalized Relativistic Effective Core Potential (GRECP) and
MultiReference single- and Double-excitation Configuration Interaction (MRD-CI)
methods. The 22-electron GRECP for Pb is used and the outer core 5s, 5p and 5d
pseudospinors are frozen using the level-shift technique, so only five external
electrons of PbH are correlated. A new configuration selection scheme with
respect to the relativistic multireference states is employed in the framework
of the MRD-CI method. The [6,4,3,2] correlation spin-orbit basis set is
optimized in the coupled cluster calculations on the Pb atom using a recently
proposed procedure, in which functions in the spin-orbital basis set are
generated from calculations of different ionic states of the Pb atom and those
functions are considered optimal which provide the stationary point for some
energy functional. Spectroscopic constants for the two lowest-lying electronic
states of PbH ($^2\Pi_{1/2}, ^2\Pi_{3/2}$) are found to be in good agreement
with the experimental data.


title:
Detection of QED vacuum nonlinearities in Maxwell's equations by the use
  of waveguides

abstract:
  We present a novel method for detecting nonlinearities, due to quantum
electrodynamics through photon-photon scattering, in Maxwell's equation. The
photon-photon scattering gives rise to self-interaction terms, which are
similar to the nonlinearities due to the polarisation in nonlinear optics.
These self-interaction terms vanish in the limit of parallel propagating waves,
but if instead of parallel propagating waves the modes generated in wavesguides
are used, there will be a non-zero total effect. Based on this idea, we
calculate the nonlinear excitation of new modes and estimate the strength of
this effect. Furthermore, we suggest a principal experimental setup.


title:
Ice Formation in Model Biological Membranes in the Presence of
  Cryoprotectors

abstract:
  Ice formation in model biological membranes is studied by SAXS and WAXS in
the presence of cryoprotectors: dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol. Three types of
phospholipid membranes: DPPC, DMPC, DSPC are chosen for the investigation as
well-studied model biological membranes. A special cryostat is used for sample
cooling from 14.1C to -55.4C. The ice formation is only detected by WAXS in
binary phospholipid/water and ternary phospholipid/cryoprotector/water systems
in the condition of excess solvent. Ice formation in a binary
phospholipid/water system creates an abrupt decrease of the membrane repeat
distance by delta-d, so-called ice-induced dehydration of intermembrane space.
The value of delta-d decreases as the cryoprotector concentration increases.
The formation of ice does not influence the membrane structure (delta-d = 0)
for cryoprotector mole fractions higher than 0.05.


title:
Calculation of $P_ and $T_ odd effects in $"" sup 205_TIF including
  electron correlation

abstract:
  A method and codes for two-step correlation calculation of heavy-atom
molecules have been developed, employing the generalized relativistic effective
core potential and relativistic coupled cluster (RCC) methods at the first
step, followed by nonvariational one-center restoration of proper
four-component spinors in the heavy cores. Electron correlation is included for
the first time in an ab initio calculation of the interaction of the permanent
P,T-odd proton electric dipole moment with the internal electromagnetic field
in a molecule. The calculation is performed for the ground state of TlF at the
experimental equilibrium, R_e=2.0844 A, and at R=2.1 A, with spin-orbit and
correlation effects included by RCC. Calculated results with single cluster
amplitudes only are in good agreement (3% and 1%) with recent
Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) values of the magnetic parameter M; the larger
differences occurring between present and DHF volume parameter (X) values, as
well as between the two DHF calculations, are explained. Inclusion of electron
correlation by GRECP/RCC with single and double excitations has a major effect
on the P,T-odd parameters, decreasing M by 17% and X by 22%.

categories: physics.chem-ph physics.atom-ph physics.comp-ph physics.gen-ph


title: Entropy and inference, revisited

abstract:
  We study properties of popular near-uniform (Dirichlet) priors for learning
undersampled probability distributions on discrete nonmetric spaces and show
that they lead to disastrous results. However, an Occam-style phase space
argument expands the priors into their infinite mixture and resolves most of
the observed problems. This leads to a surprisingly good estimator of entropies
of discrete distributions.


title:
Recent Conceptual Consequences of Loop Quantum Gravity. Part III: A
  Postscript On Time

abstract:
  With a view to the results discussed in the first two parts of this paper,
the concept of time is revisited oncemore and chosen as an example in order to
demonstrate the meaning of fundamental in both physical and philosophical
terms. It is shown that if arguments are given in favour of or against the
concept of time, then their ontological state has to be clarified in the first
place.


title: Progress in Absorber R&D for Muon Cooling

abstract:
  A stored-muon-beam neutrino factory may require transverse ionization cooling
of the muon beam. We describe recent progress in research and development on
energy absorbers for muon-beam cooling carried out by a collaboration of
university and laboratory groups.


title: Progress in Absorber R&D 2: Windows

abstract:
  A program is underway to develop liquid-hydrogen energy absorbers for
ionization cooling of muon-beam transverse emittance. Minimization of
multiple-scattering-induced beam heating requires thin windows. The first
window prototype has been destructively tested, validating the
finite-element-analysis model and the design approach.


title: Independent Eigenstates of Angular Momentum in a Quantum N-body System

abstract:
  The global rotational degrees of freedom in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for
an $N$-body system are completely separated from the internal ones. After
removing the motion of center of mass, we find a complete set of $(2\ell+1)$
independent base functions with the angular momentum $\ell$. These are
homogeneous polynomials in the components of the coordinate vectors and the
solutions of the Laplace equation, where the Euler angles do not appear
explicitly. Any function with given angular momentum and given parity in the
system can be expanded with respect to the base functions, where the
coefficients are the functions of the internal variables. With the right choice
of the base functions and the internal variables, we explicitly establish the
equations for those functions. Only (3N-6) internal variables are involved both
in the functions and in the equations. The permutation symmetry of the wave
functions for identical particles is discussed.


title:
Quasi-optimal observables: Attaining the quality of maximal likelihood
  in parameter estimation when only a MC event generator is available

abstract:
  A new method of quasi-optimal observables allows one to approach the quality
of data processing usually associated with the method of maximal likelihood
within the simpler algorithmic context of generalized moments.


title:
On Some Physical Aspects of Planck-Scale Relativity:A Simplified
  Approach

abstract:
  The kinematics of the two-scale relativity theory (new relativity) is
revisited using a simplified approach. This approach allows us not only to
derive the dispersion equation introduced earlier by Kowalski-Glikman, but to
find an additional dispersion relation, and, even more important, to provide a
physical basis for such relations. They are explained by the fact that in the
observer invariant two-scale relativity (new relativity) the Planck constant
does nor remain constant anymore, but depends on the universal length scale.
This leads to the correct relation between energy and frequency at any scale.


title: "Extended" Particles, Non Commutative Geometry and Unification

abstract:
  A reconciliation of gravitation and electromagnetism has eluded physics for
neearly a century. It is argued here that this is because both quantum physics
and classical physics are set in differentiable space time manifolds with point
particles. Once we consider extended particles as in Quantum Superstring
theory, and the consequential underlying Non-Commutative geometry, then a
reconciliation is possible.


title:
Correlated many-body treatment of Breit interaction with application to
  cesium atomic properties and parity violation

abstract:
  Corrections from Breit interaction to basic properties of atomic 133Cs are
determined in the framework of third-order relativistic many-body perturbation
theory. The corrections to energies, hyperfine-structure constants,
off-diagonal hyperfine 6S-7S amplitude, and electric-dipole matrix elements are
tabulated. It is demonstrated that the Breit corrections to correlations are
comparable to the Breit corrections at the Dirac-Hartree-Fock level.
Modification of the parity-nonconserving (PNC) 6S-7S amplitude due to Breit
interaction is also evaluated; the resulting weak charge of $^{133}$Cs shows no
significant deviation from the prediction of the standard model of elementary
particles. The neutron skin correction to the PNC amplitude is also estimated
to be -0.2% with an error bound of 30% based on the analysis of recent
experiments with antiprotonic atoms. The present work supplements publication
[A. Derevianko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1618 (2000)] with a discussion of the
formalism and provides additional numerical results and updated discussion of
parity violation.


title: On a quantitative method to analyse dynamical and measurement noise

abstract:
  This letter reports on a new method of analysing experimentally gained time
series with respect to different types of noise involved, namely, we show that
it is possible to differentiate between dynamical and measurement noise. This
method does not depend on previous knowledge of model equations. For the
complicated case of a chaotic dynamics spoiled at the same time by dynamical
and measurement noise, we even show how to extract from data the magnitude of
both types of noise. As a further result, we present a new criterion to verify
the correct embedding for chaotic dynamics with dynamical noise.


title:
Evaluating the quality of ground-based microwave radiometer measurements
  and retrievals using detrended fluctuation and spectral analysis methods

abstract:
  Time series both of microwave radiometer brightness temperature measurements
at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz and of retrievals of water vapor and liquid water path
from these brightness temperatures are evaluated using the detrended
fluctuation analysis method. As quantified by the parameter $\alpha$, this
method (i) enables identification of the time scales over which noise dominates
the time series and (ii) characterizes the temporal range of correlations in
the time series. The more common spectral analysis method is also used to
assess the data and its results are compared with those from detrended
fluctuation analysis method. The assumption that measurements should have
certain scaling properties allows the quality of the measurements to be
characterized. The additional assumption that the scaling properties of the
measurements of an atmospheric quantity are preserved in a useful retrieval
provides a means for evaluating the retrieval itself. Applying these two
assumptions to microwave radiometer measurements and retrievals demonstrates
three points. First, the retrieved water vapor path during cloudy-sky periods
can be dominated by noise on shorter than ~30~min time scales
($\alpha$-exponent = 0.1) and exhibits no scaling behavior at longer time
scales. However, correlations in the brightness temperatures and liquid water
path retrievals are found to be consistent with a power-law behavior for time
scales up to 3 hr with an $\alpha$-exponent equal to approximately 0.3, as in
other geophysical phenomena. Second, clear-sky, moist atmospheres show the
expected scaling for both measurements and retrievals of the water vapor path.
Third, during clear-sky, dry atmospheric days, instrument noise from the 31.4
GHz channel compromises the quality of the water vapor path retrieval.


title:
The heats of formation of the haloacetylenes XCCY [X, Y = H, F, Cl]:
  basis set limit ab initio results and thermochemical analysis

abstract:
  The heats of formation of haloacetylenes are evaluated using the recent W1
and W2 ab initio computational thermochemistry methods. These calculations
involve CCSD and CCSD(T) coupled cluster methods, basis sets of up to spdfgh
quality, extrapolations to the one-particle basis set limit, and contributions
of inner-shell correlation, scalar relativistic effects, and (where relevant)
first-order spin-orbit coupling. The heats of formation determined using W2
theory are: \hof(HCCH) = 54.48 kcal/mol, \hof(HCCF) = 25.15 kcal/mol,
\hof(FCCF) = 1.38 kcal/mol, \hof(HCCCl) = 54.83 kcal/mol, \hof(ClCCCl) = 56.21
kcal/mol, and \hof(FCCCl) = 28.47 kcal/mol. Enthalpies of hydrogenation and
destabilization energies relative to acetylene were obtained at the W1 level of
theory. So doing we find the following destabilization order for acetylenes:
FCCF $>$ ClCCF $>$ HCCF $>$ ClCCCl $>$ HCCCl $>$ HCCH. By a combination of W1
theory and isodesmic reactions, we show that the generally accepted heat of
formation of 1,2-dichloroethane should be revised to -31.8$\pm$0.6 kcal/mol, in
excellent agreement with a very recent critically evaluated review. The
performance of compound thermochemistry schemes such as G2, G3, G3X and CBS-QB3
theories has been analyzed.


title:
The `diffusion' of light and angular distribution in the laser equipped
  with a multilobe mirror

abstract:
  The distribution of radiation is investigated for the modeless laser having a
multilobe mirror with the lobes (planes) inclined by small angles to optical
axis. It is shown that change of the direction resulting from many passages of
a ray through the optical system including a multilobe mirror may be described
as Brownian walk of a point along the plane or equivalently as a solution of
the two-dimensional diffusion equation. Boundary conditions for the diffusion
equation may be approximately formulated as null conditions at some angle
which, if being reached during the walk, guarantees that the ray escape from
the optical system. In the framework of this approximation an explicit formula
for the distribution of the outgoing ray in different angles is derived. After
many passages through the optical system the angular distribution tends to some
universal function. In the case of the round mirror it may be presented by the
Bessel function of order zero.


title:
Simulated and Experimental Bending Dynamics in DNA with and without
  A-Tracts

abstract:
  The macroscopic curvature of double helical DNA induced by regularly repeated
adenine tracts is well-known but still puzzling. Its physical origin remains
controversial even though it is perhaps the best-documented sequence modulation
of DNA structure. We report here the results of comparative theoretical and
experimental studies of bending dynamics in 35-mer DNA fragments. This length
appears large enough for the curvature to be distinguished by gel
electrophoresis. Two DNA fragments, with identical base pair composition, but
different sequences are compared. In the first one, a single A-tract motif was
four times repeated in phase with the helical screw whereas the second sequence
was "random". Both calculations and experiments indicate that the A-tract DNA
is distinguished by the large static curvature and characteristic bending
dynamics, suggesting that the computed effect corresponds to the experimental
phenomenon. The results poorly agree with earlier views that attributed a
decisive role in DNA bending to sequence specific base pair stacking or binding
of solvent counterions, but lend additional support to the hypothesis of a
compressed frustrated state of the backbone as the principal physical cause of
the static curvature. We discuss the possible ways of experimental verification
of this hypothesis.


title: A lattice Boltzmann study of reactive microflows

abstract:
  The role of geometrical micro-barriers on the conversion efficiency of
reactive flows in narrow three-dimensional channels of millimetric size is
investigated. Using a Lattice-Boltzmann-Lax-Wendroff code, we show that
micro-barriers have an appreciable effect on the effective reaction efficiency
of the device. If extrapolated to macroscopic scales, these effects can result
in a sizeable increase of the overall reaction efficiency.


title: Electric fields of a uniformly charged elliptical beam

abstract:
  This paper presents results for the electric field due to a uniformly charged
elliptical beam in the region outside the beam.


title:
High-precision determination of transition amplitudes of principal
  transitions in Cs from van der Waals coefficient C_6

abstract:
  A method for determination of atomic dipole matrix elements of principal
transitions from the value of dispersion coefficient C_6 of molecular
potentials correlating to two ground-state atoms is proposed. The method is
illustrated on atomic Cs using C_6 deduced from high-resolution Feshbach
spectroscopy. The following reduced matrix elements are determined < 6S_{1/2}
|| D || 6P_{1/2} > =4.5028(60) |e| a0 and < 6S_{1/2} || D || 6P_{3/2} >
=6.3373(84) |e| a0 (a0= 0.529177 \times 10^{-8} cm.) These matrix elements are
consistent with the results of the most accurate direct lifetime measurements
and have a similar uncertainty. It is argued that the uncertainty can be
considerably reduced as the coefficient C_6 is constrained further.


title: Processing Studies of X-Band Accelerator Structures at the NLCTA

abstract:
  RF processing studies of 1.8-m X-band (11.4 GHz) traveling wave structures at
the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) have revealed
breakdown-related damage at gradients lower than expected from earlier tests
with standing wave and shorter, lower group velocity traveling wave structures.
To understand this difference, a series of structures with different group
velocities and lengths are being processed. In parallel, efforts are being made
to improve processing procedures and to reduce structure contaminants and
absorbed gases. This paper presents results from these studies.


title:
Plasma-Induced Frequency Chirp of Intense Femtosecond Lasers and Its
  Role in Shaping High-Order Harmonic Spectral Lines

abstract:
  We investigate the self-phase modulation of intense femtosecond laser pulses
propagating in an ionizing gas and its effects on collective properties of
high-order harmonics generated in the medium. Plasmas produced in the medium
are shown to induce a positive frequency chirp on the leading edge of the
propagating laser pulse, which subsequently drives high harmonics to become
positively chirped. In certain parameter regimes, the plasma-induced positive
chirp can help to generate sharply peaked high harmonics, by compensating for
the dynamically-induced negative chirp that is caused by the steep intensity
profile of intense short laser pulses.


title:
Modification of special relativity and local structures of gravity-free
  space and time

abstract:
  Besides two fundamental postulates, (i) the principle of relativity and (ii)
the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames of reference,
special relativity uses the assumption about the Euclidean structures of
gravity-free space and time in the usual inertial coordinate system.
Introducing the so-called primed inertial coordinate system, in addition to the
usual inertial coordinate system, for each inertial frame of reference, we
assume the Euclidean structures of gravity-free space and time in the primed
inertial coordinate system and their generalized Finslerian structures in the
usual inertial coordinate system. We combine this assumption with the two
postulates (i) and (ii) to modify special relativity.


title: Thermal molecule and atom test of the modified special relativity theory

abstract:
  The correction to Maxwell-Boltzmann's velocity distribution law is obtained
in the framework of the modified special relativity theory. The detection of
velocity and velocity rate distributions for thermal molecules or atoms or
other particles can serve as a test of the modified special relativity theory.


title:
Finite nuclear size correction to the bound-electron g factor in a
  hydrogenlike atom

abstract:
  The finite nuclear size correction to the bound-electron g factor in
hydrogenlike atoms is investigated in the range Z=1-20. An analytical formula
for this correction which includes the non-relativistic and dominant
relativistic contributions is derived. In the case of the 1s state, the results
obtained by this formula are compared with previous non-relativistic analytical
and relativistic numerical calculations.


title:
High-accuracy relativistic many-body calculations of van der Waals
  coefficients C_6 for alkaline-earth atoms

abstract:
  Relativistic many-body calculations of van der Waals coefficients C_6 for
dimers correlating to two ground state alkaline-earth atoms at large
internuclear separations are reported. The following values and uncertainties
were determined : C_6 = 214(3) for Be, 627(12) for Mg, 2221(15) for Ca,
3170(196) for Sr, and 5160(74) for Ba in atomic units.


title: Photoinjector design for the LCLS

abstract:
  The design of the Linac Coherent Light Source assumes that a low-emittance,
1-nC, 10-ps beam will be available for injection into the 15-GeV linac. The
proposed rf photocathode injector that will provide a 150-MeV beam with rms
normalized emittances of 1 mm in both the transverse and longitudinal
dimensions is based on a 1.6-cell S-band rf gun that is equipped with an
emittance compensating solenoid. The booster accelerator is positioned at the
beam waist coinciding with the first emittance maximum and is provided with an
accelerating gradient of ~25 MeV/m, i.e., the "new working point." The uv
pulses required for cathode excitation will be generated by tripling the output
of a Ti:sapphire laser system consisting of a highly stable cw mode-locked
oscillator and two bow-tie amplifiers pumped by a pair of Q-switched Nd:YAG
lasers. The large bandwidth of the Ti:sapphire system accommodates the desired
temporal pulse shaping. Details of the design and the supporting simulations
are presented.


title: Examining the Origin of Cosmic Rays: A New Conceptual Approach

abstract:
  A new conceptual approach for examining the origin of cosmic rays is
developed by considering the characteristics of particle trajectory
distributions in four-dimensional Euclidean space-time. Transformation of an
isotropic distribution into a velocity distribution in ordinary
three-dimensional space results in a spatially isotropic flux of highly
relativistic particles. This particle flux exhibits a power-law energy spectrum
that decreases with increasing energy approximately inversely as the square of
the energy and peaks at much lower energies. This model also provides
additional results resembling the observed characteristics of cosmic radiation.


title:
A comment on the paper "Deformed Boost Transformations that saturate at
  the Planck Scale" by N.B.Bruno,G.Amelino-Camelia, and J.Kowalski-Glikman

abstract:
  An alternative (simplified) derivation of the dispersion relation and the
expressions for the momentum-energy 4-vector $p_i,p_0$ given initially in [1]
is provided. It has turned out that in a rather "pedestrian" manner one can
obtain in one stroke not only the above relations but also the correct
dispersion relation in $\omega-k_i$ space, consistent with the value of a
velocity of a massless particle. This is achieved by considering the standard
Lorentz algebra for $\omega-k_i$-space. A non-uniqueness of the choice of the
time-derivative in the presence of the finite length scale is discussed. It is
shown that such non-uniqueness does not affect the dispersion relation in
$\omega-k_i$-space. albeit results in different dispersion relations in
$p-p_0$-space depending on the choice of the definition of the time derivative.