title:
Light-induced temperature jump causes power-dependent ultrafast kinetics
  of electrons generated in multiphoton ionization of liquid water

abstract:
  Picosecond geminate recombination kinetics for electrons generated by
multiphoton ionization of liquid water become power dependent when the radiance
of the excitation light is greater than 0.3-0.5 TW/cm^2 (the terawatt regime).
To elucidate the mechanism of this power dependence, tri- 400 nm photon
ionization of water has been studied using pump-probe laser spectroscopy on the
pico- and femtosecond time scales. We suggest that the observed kinetic
transformations are caused by a rapid temperature jump in the sample. Such a
jump is inherent to multiphoton ionization in the terawatt regime, when the
absorption of the pump light along the optical path becomes very nonuniform.
The heating of water is substantial (tens of degrees C) because the 3-photon
quantum yield of the ionization is relatively low, ca. 0.42, and a large
fraction of the excitation energy is released into the solvent bulk as heat.
Evidence of the temperature jump is the observation of a red shift in the
absorption spectrum of (thermalized) electron and by characteristic
"flattening" of the thermalization dynamics in the near infra-red. The
temperature jump in the terawatt regime might be ubiquitous in multiphoton
ionization in molecular liquids. The implications of these observations for
femtosecond pulse radiolysis of water are discussed.


title: Radiation Chemistry of Organic Liquids: Saturated Hydrocarbons

abstract:
  In this review (124 refs), several problems in radiolysis of saturated
hydrocarbons are examined. Special attention is paid to the chemistry of
radical cations, high-mobility holes, excited state and spur dynamics, magnetic
field and spin effects, and optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


title: Langmuir wave self-focusing versus decay instability

abstract:
  Electron trapping in a finite amplitude Langmuir wave (LW) leads to a
frequency shift, \Delta\omega_{TP} < 0, and reduced Landau damping. These may
lead to modulational instability. Its growth rate and damping threshold, due to
escape of trapped electrons at rate \nu, are calculated for the first time in
the short wavelength regime. If the background plasma is in thermal
equilibrium, it is shown that this trapped particle modulational instability
(TPMI) is not possible when k \lambda_D > 0.46, while for 0.33 < k \lambda_D <
0.46, TPMI requires that the fluctuation wavevector have a component
perpendicular to k, the LW wavevector, with \lambda_D the electron Debye
length. Its nonlinear evolution leads to self-focusing. Comparison is made with
a re-evaluated LW ion acoustic decay instability (LDI): compared to classical
estimates, the new LDI threshold is lowered by primary LW \Delta\omega_{TP}
since frequency matching leads to wavenumber and hence damping reduction of the
daughter LW. For parameters estimates relevant to a recent stimulated Raman
scatter experiment (Kline et al., submitted to PRL), the LDI and TPMI
thresholds cross in the range 0.28 < k \lambda_D < 0.34, consistent with the
observed LDI regime change. However, if \nu exceeds a critical value, estimated
to be order 1% of the electron plasma frequency, then TPMI is not possible at
any wavenumber.


title: Study of Neutron-Induced Ionization in Helium and Argon Chamber Gases

abstract:
  Ion chambers used to monitor the secondary hadron and tertiary muon beam in
the NuMI neutrino beamline will be exposed to background particles, including
low energy neutrons produced in the beam dump. To understand these backgrounds,
we have studied Helium- and Argon-filled ionization chambers exposed to intense
neutron fluxes from PuBe neutron sources ($E_n=1-10$ MeV). The sources emit
about 10$^8$ neutrons per second. The number of ion pairs in the chamber gas
volume per incident neutron is derived. While limited in precision because of a
large gamma ray background from the PuBe sources, our results are consistent
with the expectation that the neutrons interact purely elastically in the
chamber gas.


title: Unified algebraic treatment of resonance

abstract:
  Energy resonance in scattering is usually investigated either directly in the
complex energy plane (E-plane) or indirectly in the complex angular momentum
plane (L-plane). Another formulation complementing these two approaches was
introduced recently. It is an indirect algebraic method that studies resonances
in a complex charge plane (Z-plane). This latter approach will be generalized
to provide a unified algebraic treatment of resonances in the complex E-, L-,
and Z-planes. The complex scaling (rotation) method will be used in the
development of this approach. The resolvent operators (Green's functions) are
formally defined in these three spaces. Bound states spectrum and resonance
energies in the E-plane are mapped onto a discrete set of poles of the
respective resolvent operator on the real line of the L- and Z-planes. These
poles move along trajectories as the energy is varied. A finite square
integrable basis is used in the numerical implementation of this approach.
Stability of poles and trajectories against variation in all computational
parameters is demonstrated. Resonance energies for a given potential are
calculated and compared with those obtained by other studies.


title: The Brillouin Instability of intense laser in relativistic plasmas

abstract:
  This paper studies the propagation of intense laser in plasmas in weak
relativistic region($0.1<a_0^2<0.5$) using the quasi-periodic approximation.
Effective Lorentz factor and density wave effects are calculated in detail. The
relativistic correction on stimulated Brillouin instability is investigated in
the rest parts. The coupled dispersion relations of Stimulated Brillouin
Scattering(SBS) are obtained and investigated numerically.


title: A reformulation of intrabeam scattering theory

abstract:
  The motivation for the treatment of intrabeam scattering theory given in this
paper was to find results which would be convenient for computing the intrabeam
scattering growth rates for particle distributions which are more complicated
than a simple gaussian. It was shown by A. Piwinski that beam growth rates due
to intrabeam scattering can be expressed as a multidimensional integral [1]. It
was pointed out by J. Bjorken and S. Mtingwa [2] that the reduction of the
multidimensional integral to a 3-dimensional untegral is made easier by writing
the integral so that its relativistic transformation properties are more
obvious. The starting point in [2] was a result from the treatment of the two
body scattering problem in relativistic quantum theory . In this paper the
starting point is the relativistic transformation properties of the scattering
cross section which may be a more familiar starting point. The resulting
expression for the multidimensional integral is simpler to reduce. In addition,
the results do not depend on the particular form of the Coulomb cross section
that was used in [2] and are valid for any collision cross section.


title: Corneal thickness and elevation maps computed from optical rotary scans

abstract:
  Purpose: Recently the authors presented a technique that allows corneal
thickness measurements along any meridian from optical sections obtained using
a rotary scanning system. This paper presents 3-D mapping of the corneal
thickness and topography of both corneal surfaces, obtained with the rotary
system. Method: Corneal thickness and topography are computed from optical
sections obtained by illumination with a collimated beam expanded in a fan by a
small cylindrical lens. This lens is provided with motor driven rotation in
order to perform automated rotary scan of the whole cornea. Two cameras are
used to capture the images of the optical sections. Results: With this system
it is possible to obtain 3-D representation of the corneal thickness as well as
corneal topography. Corneal thickness and elevation maps are shown.
Conclusions: Although still under development, this new optical system allows
the measurement of the thickness of the whole cornea as well as 3-D mapping of
both corneal surfaces.


title: Profile Monitor SEM's for the NuMI Beam at FNAL

abstract:
  The Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) project will extract 120 GeV
protons from the FNAL Main Injector in 8.56usec spills of 4E13 protons every
1.9 sec. We have designed secondary emission monitor (SEM) detectors to measure
beam profile and halo along the proton beam transport line. The SEM?s are Ti
foils 5um in thickness segmented in either 1?mm or 0.5?mm pitch strips,
resulting in beam loss ~5E-6. We discuss aspects of the mechanical design,
calculations of expected beam heating, and results of a beam test at the 8 GeV
transport line to MiniBoone at FNAL.


title: Ion Chambers for Monitoring the NuMI Neutrino Beam at FNAL

abstract:
  The Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beamline will deliver an intense
muon neutrino beam by focusing a beam of mesons into a long evacuated decay
volume. The beam must be steered with 1 mRad angular accuracy toward the Soudan
Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. We have built 4 arrays of
ionization chambers to monitor the neutrino beam direction and quality. The
arrays are located at 4 stations downstream of the decay volume, and measure
the remnant hadron beam and tertiary muons produced along with neutrinos in
meson decays. We review how the monitors will be used to make beam quality
measurements, and as well we review chamber construction details, radiation
damage testing, calibration, and test beam results.


title:
Field Theory reformulated without self-energy parts.Divergence-free
  classical electrodynamics

abstract:
  A manifestly gauge-invariant hamiltonian formulation of classical
electrodynamics has been shown to be relativistic invariant by the construction
of the adequate generators of the Poincare Lie algebra [Physica, 76, No. 3,
421-444 (1974)]. The original formulation in terms of reduced distribution
functions for the particles and the fields is applied here to the case of two
charges interacting through a classical electrodynamical field. On the other
hand, we have been able in previous work to introduce irreversibility at the
fundamental level of description [Ann. Phys., 311, 314-349 (2004)] by
reformulating field theory without self-energy parts by integrating all
processes associated with self-energy in a kinetic operator, while keeping the
equivalence with the original description [Prog. Theor. Phys.,109, 881-909
(2003)]. In this paper, the two approaches are combined to provide a formalism
that enables the use of methods of statistical physics to tackle the problem of
the divergence of the self-mass. Our approach leads to expressions that are
finite even for point-like charged particles: the limit of a infinite cutoff
can be taken in an harmless way on self consistent equations. In order to check
our theory, we recover the power dissipated by radiation in geometries where
the usual mass divergence does not play a role


title: Kinetic Derivation of the Hydrodynamic Equations for Capillary Fluids

abstract:
  Based on the generalized kinetic equation for the one-particle distribution
function with a small source, the transition from the kinetic to the
hydrodynamic description of many-particle systems is performed. The basic
feature of this new technique to obtain the hydrodynamic limit is that the
latter has been partially incorporated into the kinetic equation itself. The
hydrodynamic equations for capillary fluids are derived from the characteristic
function for the local moments of the distribution function. The Fick's law
appears as a consequence of the transformation law for the hydrodynamic
quantities under time inversion.


title: Fluid pumped by magnetic stress

abstract:
  A magnetic field rotating on the free surface of a ferrofluid layer is shown
to induce considerable fluid motion toward the direction the field is rolling.
The measured flow velocity i) increases with the square of the magnetic field
amplitude, ii) is proportional to the thickness of the fluid layer, and iii)
has a maximum at a driving frequency of about 3 kHz. The pumping speed can be
estimated with a two-dimensional flow model.


title:
The Extended Plane Wave Expansion Method in Three Dimensional
  Anisotropic Photonic Crystal

abstract:
  In this paper, we extend the conventional plane wave expansion method in 3D
anisotropic photonic crystal to be able to calculate the complex $\mathbf{k}$
even if permittivity and permeability are complex numbers or the functions of
$\omega$. There are some tricks in the derivation process, so we show the
process in detail. Besides, we also provide an example for testing and
explaining, and we also compare the results with the band structure derived
from conventional plane wave expansion method, then we finally find that there
is a good consistency between them.


title: A Dynamic Theory of Information and Entropy

abstract:
  We propose a new thermodynamic, relativistic relationship between information
and entropy, which is closely analogous to the classic Maxwell electro-magnetic
equations. Determination of whether information resides in points of
non-analyticity or is more distributed in nature therefore relates directly to
the well-known wave-particle duality of light. At cosmological scales our
vector differential equations predict conservation of information in black
holes, whereas regular and Z-DNA correspond to helical solutions at microscopic
levels. We further propose that regular and Z-DNA are equivalent to the
alternative words chosen from an alphabet to maintain the equilibrium of an
information transmission system.


title:
Study of New FNAL-NICADD Extruded Scintillator as Active Media of Large
  EMCal of ALICE at LHC

abstract:
  The current conceptual design of proposed Large EMCal of ALICE at LHC is
based largely on the scintillating mega-tile/fiber technology implemented in
CDF Endplug upgrade project and in both barrel and endcap electromagnetic
calorimeters of the STAR. The cost of scintillating material leads us to the
choice of extruded polystyrene based scintillator, which is available in new
FNAL-NICADD facility. Result of optical measurements, such as light yield and
light yield variation, show that it is possible to use this material as active
media of Large EMCal of ALICE at LHC.


title: Quantum Mechanics Another Way

abstract:
  Deformation quantization (sometimes called phase-space quantization) is a
formulation of quantum mechanics that is not usually taught to undergraduates.
It is formally quite similar to classical mechanics: ordinary functions on
phase space take the place of operators, but the functions are multiplied in an
exotic way, using the star product. Here we attempt a brief, pedagogical
discussion of deformation quantization, that is suitable for inclusion in an
undergraduate course.


title: Expansion of a finite size plasma in vacuum

abstract:
  The expansion dynamics of a finite size plasma is examined from an analytical
perspective. Results regarding the charge distribution as well as the
electrostatic potential are presented. The acceleration of the ions and the
associated cooling of the electrons that takes place during the plasma
expansion is described. An extensive analysis of the transition between the
semi infinite and the finite size plasma behaviour is carried out. Finally, a
test of the analytical results, performed through numerical simulations, is
presented.


title: Spatial solitons in nonlinear left-handed metamaterials

abstract:
  We predict that nonlinear left-handed metamaterials can support both TE- and
TM-polarized self-trapped localized beams, spatial electromagnetic solitons.
Such solitons appear as single- and multi-hump beams, being either symmetric or
antisymmetric, and they can exist due to the hysteresis-type magnetic
nonlinearity and the effective domains of negative magnetic permeability.


title: Performances of the Italian seismic network, 1985-2002: the hidden thing

abstract:
  Seismic data users and people managing a sesimic network are both interested
in the potentiality of the data, with the difference that the former look at
stability, the second at improvements. In this work we measure the performances
of the Italian Telemetered Seismic Network in 1985-2002 by defining basic
significant parameters and studying their evolution during the years. Then, we
deal with the geological methods used to characterise or to plan a seismic
station deployment in a few cases. Last, we define the gain of the network as
the percentage of located earthquakes with respect to the total recorded
earthquakes. By analysing the distribution of non-located ("missed")
earthquakes, we suggest possible actions to take in order to increase the gain.
Results show that completeness magnitude is 2.4 in the average over the
analysed period, and it can be as low as 2.2 when we consider non-located
earthquakes as well. Parameters such as the distance between an earthquake and
the closest station, and the RMS location decrease with time, reflecting
improvements in the location quality. Methods for geologic and seismological
characterisation of a possible station site also proved to be effective.
Finally, we represent the number of missed earthquakes at each station, showing
that nine stations control more that 50% of all missed earthquakes, and
suggesting areas in Italy where the network might be easily improved.


title: Turbulence without inertia in quantum fluids

abstract:
  Numerical calculations of Helium-II hydrodynamics show that a dense tangle of
superfluid vortices induces in an initially stationary normal fluid a highly
dissipative, complex, vortical flow pattern ("turbulence") with a -2.2 energy
spectrum scaling exponent and fluctuations Reynolds number of order unity. In
this normal fluid flow the effects of mutual friction excitation from the
superfluid vortices and those of viscous stresses are of the same order. The
results suggest that in previous experiments the dynamics of decaying, high
Reynolds number, quantum turbulent flows could only weakly be affected by the
quantized vortices. As a consequence, their energy spectra would be (to a very
good approximation) the classical, Navier-Stokes type, energy spectra of the
normal fluid component.


title: Quantum turbulence decay

abstract:
  We develop a computational model of quantum turbulence decay employing a
kinematic prescription for the normal fluid. We find that after an initial
transient, the length of the vortex tangle L decreases and for large times
obeys a scaling law with a -0.45 exponent. The average magnitude (along the
quantized vortices) of the superfluid and line-vortex velocity are close and
differ significantly from the average magnitude of the normal fluid velocity.


title:
Hole Scavenging and Photo-Stimulated Recombination of Electron-Hole
  Pairs in Aqueous TiO2 Nanoparticles

abstract:
  It is shown that 532 nm and 1064 nm laser photoexcitation of trapped
electrons generated by 355 nm photolysis of aqueous titania (TiO2)
nanoparticles causes rapid photobleaching of their absorbance band in the
visible and near IR. This photobleaching occurs within the duration of the
laser pulse (3 ns FWHM); it is caused by photoinduced electron detrapping
followed by rapid recombination of the resulting free electron and a trapped
hole. The quantum yield for the electron photobleaching is ca. 0.28 for 532 nm
and ca. 0.024 for 1064 nm photoexcitation. Complete separation of the spectral
contributions from trapped electron and hole is demonstrated using glycerol as
a selective hole scavenger. When glycerol is added to the solution, some
light-absorbing holes are scavenged promptly within the duration of the 355 nm
photoexcitation pulse, some are scavenged at a slower rate over the first 200
ns after the 355 nm pulse, and the rest are not scavenged, even at high
concentration of the scavenger (> 10 vol %). A reaction with chemi- and physi-
sorbed glycerol would account for the prompt and the slow hole decay,
respectively. The implications of these results are discussed.


title:
Use of extended and prepared reference objects in experimental Fourier
  transform X-ray holography

abstract:
  The use of one or more gold nanoballs as reference objects for Fourier
Transform holography (FTH) is analysed using experimental soft X-ray
diffraction from objects consisting of separated clusters of these balls. The
holograms are deconvoluted against ball reference objects to invert to images,
in combination with a Wiener filter to control noise. A resolution of ~30nm,
smaller than one ball, is obtained even if a large cluster of balls is used as
the reference, giving the best resolution yet obtained by X-ray FTH. Methods of
dealing with missing data due to a beamstop are discussed. Practical prepared
objects which satisfy the FTH condition are suggested, and methods of forming
them described.


title: Observation of discrete gap solitons in binary waveguide arrays

abstract:
  We report on the first experimental observation of discrete gap solitons in
binary arrays of optical waveguides. We observe the soliton generation when the
inclination angle of an input beam is slightly above the Bragg angle, and show
that the propagation direction of the emerging gap soliton depends on the input
power as a result of an inter-band momentum exchange.


title:
An analytical treatment of the Clock Paradox in the framework of the
  Special and General Theories of Relativity

abstract:
  In this paper we treat the so called clock paradox in an analytical way by
assuming that a constant and uniform force F of finite magnitude acts
continuously on the moving clock along the direction of its motion assumed to
be rectilinear. No inertial motion steps are considered. The rest clock is
denoted as (1), the to-and-fro moving clock is (2), the inertial frame in which
(1) is at rest in its origin and (2) is seen moving is I and, finally, the
accelerated frame in which (2) is at rest in its origin and (1) moves forward
and backward is A. We deal with the following questions: I) What is the effect
of the finite force acting on (2) on the proper time intervals measured by the
two clocks when they reunite? Does a differential aging between the two clocks
occur, as it happens when inertial motion and infinite values of the
accelerating force is considered? The Special Theory of Relativity is used in
order to describe the hyperbolic motion of (2) in the frame I II) Is this
effect an absolute one, i.e. does the accelerated observer A comoving with (2)
obtain the same results as that in I, both qualitatively and quantitatively, as
it is expected? We use the General Theory of Relativity in order to answer this
question.

categories: physics.class-ph astro-ph gr-qc physics.gen-ph


title:
Three-Loop Reducible Radiative Photon Contributions to Lamb Shift and
  Hyperfine Splitting

abstract:
  Corrections of order $\alpha^3(Z\alpha)^5m$ to the Lamb shift and corrections
of order $\alpha^3(Z\alpha)E_F$ to hyperfine splitting generated by the
insertions of the three-loop one-particle reducible diagrams with radiative
photons in the electron line are calculated. The calculations are performed in
the Yennie gauge.


title:
Transmission properties of periodic nonlinear structures containing left
  handed materials

abstract:
  We study the transmission properties of a nonlinear periodic structure
containing alternating slabs of a nonlinear right handed material and a linear
left handed material. We find that the transmission associated with the zero
averaged- refractive- index gap exhibits a bistable characteristic that is
relatively insensitive to incident angle. This is in contrast to the nonlinear
behavior of the usual Bragg gap


title:
Fast convergence of white noise cross-correlation measurement archived
  by vector average in both frequency and time domain

abstract:
  White noise measurement can provide very useful information in addition to
normal transport measurements. For example thermal noise measurement can be
used at sub Kelvin temperature to determine the absolute electron temperature
without applying any heating current. And shot noise measurements helped to
understand the properties of nano and mesoscopic normal metal/superconductor
structures. But at low temperature and for relatively small resistance it is
difficult to measure the sample's noise magnitude because the background
thermal noise can be much larger and usually there are other pick-up noises.
Cross correlation technique is one way to solve this problem. This article
describes an improved cross correlation algorithm that averages in both
frequency and time domain, and the realization of a simple instrument set-up
with PC and sound card. With this set-up it is shown even with much larger
background noise and pickup noises, 100pV/$\sqrt{Hz}$ white noise level can be
easily measured in seconds. Compared to the normally used cross-correlation
methods, it is several orders of magnitude faster.


title: Relativistic Doppler effect: universal spectra and zeptosecond pulses

abstract:
  We report on a numerical observation of the train of zeptosecond pulses
produced by reflection of a relativistically intense femtosecond laser pulse
from the oscillating boundary of an overdense plasma because of the Doppler
effect. These pulses promise to become a unique experimental and technological
tool since their length is of the order of the Bohr radius and the intensity is
extremely high $\propto 10^{19}$ W/cm$^2$. We present the physical mechanism,
analytical theory, and direct particle-in-cell simulations. We show that the
harmonic spectrum is universal: the intensity of $n$th harmonic scales as
$1/n^{p}$ for $n < 4\gamma^2$, where $\gamma$ is the largest $\gamma$--factor
of the electron fluid boundary, $p=3$ and $p=5/2$ for the broadband and
quasimonochromatic laser pulses respectively.


title: Manifestations of nuclear anapole moments in solid state NMR

abstract:
  We suggest to use insulating garnets doped by rare earth ions for
measurements of nuclear anapole moments. A parity violating shift of the NMR
frequency arises due to the combined effect of the lattice crystal field and
the anapole moment of the rare-earth nucleus.
  We show that there are two different observable effects related to frequency:
1) A shift of the NMR frequency in an external electric field applied to the
solid. The value of the shift is about \Delta \nu_1 ~ 10^{-5} Hz with E = 10
kV/cm; 2) A splitting of the NMR line into two lines. The second effect is
independent of the external electric field. The value of the splitting is about
\Delta \nu_2 ~ 0.5 Hz and it depends on the orientation of the crystal with
respect to magnetic field. Both estimates are presented for a magnetic field of
about 10 tesla.
  We also discuss a radiofrequency electric field and a static macroscopic
magnetization caused by the nuclear anapole moment.


title: Least Dependent Component Analysis Based on Mutual Information

abstract:
  We propose to use precise estimators of mutual information (MI) to find least
dependent components in a linearly mixed signal. On the one hand this seems to
lead to better blind source separation than with any other presently available
algorithm. On the other hand it has the advantage, compared to other
implementations of `independent' component analysis (ICA) some of which are
based on crude approximations for MI, that the numerical values of the MI can
be used for:
  (i) estimating residual dependencies between the output components;
  (ii) estimating the reliability of the output, by comparing the pairwise MIs
with those of re-mixed components;
  (iii) clustering the output according to the residual interdependencies.
  For the MI estimator we use a recently proposed k-nearest neighbor based
algorithm. For time sequences we combine this with delay embedding, in order to
take into account non-trivial time correlations. After several tests with
artificial data, we apply the resulting MILCA (Mutual Information based Least
dependent Component Analysis) algorithm to a real-world dataset, the ECG of a
pregnant woman.
  The software implementation of the MILCA algorithm is freely available at
http://www.fz-juelich.de/nic/cs/software

categories: physics.comp-ph cs.IT math.IT physics.data-an q-bio.QM


title: Convective plan-form two-scale dynamos in a plane layer

abstract:
  We study generation of magnetic fields, involving large spatial scales, by
convective plan-forms in a horizontal layer. Magnetic modes and their growth
rates are expanded in power series in the scale ratio, and the magnetic eddy
diffusivity (MED) tensor is derived for flows, symmetric about the vertical
axis in a layer. For convective rolls magnetic eddy correction is demonstrated
to be always positive. For rectangular cell patterns, the region in the
parameter space of negative MED coincides with that of small-scale magnetic
field generation. No instances of negative MED in hexagonal cells are found. A
family of plan-forms with a smaller symmetry group than that of rectangular
cell patterns has been found numerically, where MED is negative for molecular
magnetic diffusivity over the threshold for the onset of small-scale magnetic
field generation.


title:
Atoms in double-delta-kicked periodic potentials: chaos with long-range
  correlations

abstract:
  We report an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamics of cold atoms
subjected to closely-spaced pairs of pulses in an optical lattice. The
experiments show the interplay between fully coherent quantum dynamics and a
novel momentum-diffusion regime: for all previously-studied delta-kicked
systems, chaotic classical dynamics shows diffusion with short-time (2 or
3-kick) correlations; here, chaotic diffusion combines with new types of
long-ranged 'global' correlations, between all kick-pairs, which control
transport through trapping regions in phase-space. Analytical formulae are
presented and, with quantum localization, are used to analyse the experiments.


title:
Solvation, relaxation, and geminate recombination of electrons generated
  by two 200 nm photon ionization of liquid H2O and D2O

abstract:
  Temporal evolution of transient absorption spectra for pre-solvated electron
(e-) generated by biphotonic (200 nm) ionization of liquid H2O and D2O has been
studied on femto- and pico- second time scales. These spectra were obtained in
the intervals of 50 nm between 500 and 1700 nm. Two distinctive regimes of the
spectral evolution were observed. In both of these regimes, the spectral
profile changes considerably with delay time. For t<1ps, two new features (the
1150 nm band and 1400 nm shoulder) were observed in the spectral region where
O-H overtones appear in the spectra of light water. These two features were not
observed for the e- in D2O. Vibronic coupling to the modes of water molecules
lining the solvation cavity is a possible origin of these features. On the
sub-picosecond time scale, the absorption band of e- progressively shifts to
the blue. At later delay times (t> 1ps), the position of the band maximum is
"locked", but the spectral profile continues to change by narrowing on the red
side and broadening on the blue side; the oscillator strength is constant
within 10%. The time constant of this narrowing is ca. 0.56 ps for H2O and 0.64
ps for D2O, respectively. Vibrational relaxation and time-dependent decrease in
the size and anisotropy of the solvation cavity are suggested as possible
causes for the observed spectral transformations in both of these regimes. The
geminate recombination kinetics for hydrated electrons generated by absorption
of two 200 nm quanta (12.4 eV total energy) in light and heavy water are almost
identical, suggesting that the average separation between the e- and its
geminate partners in D2O is 13% narrower than in H2O. We suggest that
autoionization of water competes with direct ionization even at this high
photoexcitation energy.


title: Coupled dynamics of voltage and calcium in paced cardiac cells

abstract:
  We investigate numerically and analytically the coupled dynamics of
transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium cycling in paced cardiac cells
using a detailed physiological model and its reduction to a three-dimensional
discrete map. The results provide a theoretical framework to interpret various
experimentally observed modes of instability ranging from electromechanically
concordant and discordant alternans to quasiperiodic oscillations of voltage
and calcium.


title: Dynamic effects in nonlinear magneto-optics of atoms and molecules

abstract:
  A brief review is given of topics relating to dynamical processes arising in
nonlinear interactions between light and resonant systems (atoms or molecules)
in the presence of a magnetic field.


title: A Regular Theory of Magnetic Monopoles and Its Implications

abstract:
  A regular charge-monopole theory is derived from simple and self-evident
postulates. It is shown that this theory provides explanations for effects of
strong and nuclear interactions. The theory is compared with Dirac's monopole
theory. Applications to strong and nuclear interactions are compared with
quantum chromodynamics. The results favor the regular charge-monopole theory
and indicate difficulties of the other ones. An experiment that may provide
further evidence helping to decide between the regular charge-monopole theory
and quantum chromodynamics is suggested.


title:
Reconstruction of thermally-symmetrized quantum autocorrelation
  functions from imaginary-time data

abstract:
  In this paper, I propose a technique for recovering quantum dynamical
information from imaginary-time data via the resolution of a one-dimensional
Hamburger moment problem. It is shown that the quantum autocorrelation
functions are uniquely determined by and can be reconstructed from their
sequence of derivatives at origin. A general class of reconstruction algorithms
is then identified, according to Theorem 3. The technique is advocated as
especially effective for a certain class of quantum problems in continuum
space, for which only a few moments are necessary. For such problems, it is
argued that the derivatives at origin can be evaluated by Monte Carlo
simulations via estimators of finite variances in the limit of an infinite
number of path variables. Finally, a maximum entropy inversion algorithm for
the Hamburger moment problem is utilized to compute the quantum rate of
reaction for a one-dimensional symmetric Eckart barrier.


title:
A guiding-center Fokker-Planck collision operator for nonuniform
  magnetic fields

abstract:
  A new formulation for collisional kinetic theory is presented based on the
use of Lie-transform methods to eliminate fast orbital time scales from a
general bilinear collision operator. As an application of this new formalism, a
general guiding-center bilinear Fokker-Planck (FP) collision operator is
derived following the elimination of the fast gyromotion time scale of a
charged particle moving in a nonuniform magnetic field. It is expected that
classical transport processes in a strongly magnetized nonuniform plasma can,
thus, be described in terms of this reduced guiding-center FP kinetic theory.
The present paper introduces the reduced-collision formalism only while its
applications are left to future work.


title: Catching Attention in Fiber Optics Class

abstract:
  Following a brief review on the history and the current development of fiber
optics, the significance of teaching fiber optics for science and non-science
major college students is addressed. Several experimental demonstrations
designed to aid the teaching and learning process in fiber optics lectures are
presented. Sample laboratory projects are also proposed to help the students to
understand the physical principles of fiber optics.


title: Studies of Er ionization energy

abstract:
  This work is aimed at the multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock calculations of
the Er ionization energy. Authors have used the ATSP MCHF version in which
there are new codes for calculation of spin-angular parts written on the basis
of the methodology Gaigalas, Rudzikas and Froese Fischer, based on the second
quantization in coupled tensorial form, the angular momentum theory in 3 spaces
(orbital, spin and quasispin) and graphical technique of spin-angular
ntegrations. They allow the study of configurations with open f-shells without
any restrictions and lead to fairly accurate values of spectroscopic data.


title:
The triangular Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor
  couplings in a field

abstract:
  We study the Ising model on the triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor
couplings $K_{\rm nn}$, next-nearest-neighbor couplings $K_{\rm nnn}>0$, and a
magnetic field $H$. This work is done by means of finite-size scaling of
numerical results of transfer matrix calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations.
We determine the phase diagram and confirm the character of the critical
manifolds. The emphasis of this work is on the antiferromagnetic case $K_{\rm
nn}<0$, but we also explore the ferromagnetic regime $K_{\rm nn}\ge 0$ for H=0.
For $K_{\rm nn}<0$ and H=0 we locate a critical phase presumably covering the
whole range $-\infty < K_{\rm nn}<0$. For $K_{\rm nn}<0$, $H\neq 0$ we locate a
plane of phase transitions containing a line of tricritical three-state Potts
transitions. In the limit $H \to \infty$ this line leads to a tricritical model
of hard hexagons with an attractive next-nearest-neighbor potential.


title: Coupled Electron Ion Monte Carlo Calculations of Dense Metallic Hydrogen

abstract:
  We present a new Monte Carlo method which couples Path Integral for finite
temperature protons with Quantum Monte Carlo for ground state electrons, and we
apply it to metallic hydrogen for pressures beyond molecular dissociation. We
report data for the equation of state for temperatures across the melting of
the proton crystal. Our data exhibit more structure and higher melting
temperatures of the proton crystal than Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics
results. This method fills the gap between high temperature electron-proton
Path Integral and ground state Diffusion Monte Carlo methods.


abstract:
  Recursion relations for Hylleraas three-electron integral are obtained in a
closed form by using integration by parts identities. Numerically fast and well
stable algorithm for the calculation of the integral with high powers of
inter-electronic coordinates is presented.


title: 2S hyperfine structure of atomic deuterium

abstract:
  We have measured the frequency splitting between the $(2S, F=1/2)$ and $(2S,
F=3/2)$ hyperfine sublevels in atomic deuterium by an optical differential
method based on two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy on a cold atomic beam. The
result $f_{\rm HFS}^{(D)}(2S)= 40 924 454(7)$ Hz is the most precise value for
this interval to date. In comparison to the previous radio-frequency
measurement we have improved the accuracy by the factor of three.
  The specific combination of hyperfine frequency intervals for metastable- and
ground states in deuterium atom $D_{21}=8f_{\rm HFS}^{(D)}(2S)-f_{\rm
HFS}^{(D)}(1S)$ derived from our measurement is in a good agreement with
$D_{21}$ calculated from quantum-electrodynamics theory.


title: Chirped optical X-shaped pulses in material media

abstract:
  In this paper we analyze the properties of chirped optical X-shaped pulses
propagating in material media without boundaries. We show that such
("superluminal") pulses may recover their transverse and longitudinal shape
after some propagation distance, while the ordinary chirped gaussian-pulses can
recover their longitudinal shape only (since gaussian pulses suffer a
progressive spreading during their propagation). We therefore propose the use
of chirped optical X-type pulses to overcome the problems of both dispersion
and diffraction during the pulse propagation.


title:
Analytical expressions for special cases of LS-jj transformation
  matrices for a shell of equivalent electrons

abstract:
  Transformation matrices of the weights of the atomic wave functions in jj
coupling to the relevant weights of LS coupling are considered for a shell of
equivalent electrons. Their use allows one to preserve main part of
relativistic effects but to classify the energy levels of an atom or an ion
considered with the help of a set of quantum numbers of LS coupling scheme.
Having in mind that the numerical values of the abovementioned transformation
matrix (LS-jj) may be generally obtained in a very time consuming recurrent
way, the analytical expressions of these matrices for a number of special cases
of electronic configurations are presented.


title:
The program for the transformation of atomic state functions from LS- to
  jj-coupled basis

abstract:
  Here we present the program for the transformation of the expansions of the
atomic state functions from LS- to jj-coupled bases. The program is a part of
the coupling optimization package Laris and allows to transform the
multiconfigurational expansions with the arbitrary number of open shells
(including f-electrons) and to identify atomic levels and classify the atomic
spectra by means of intermediate quantum numbers of LS- and jj-couplings.


title:
Experimental demonstration of a new radiation mechanism: emission by an
  oscillating, accelerated, superluminal polarization current

abstract:
  We describe the experimental implementation of a superluminal ({\it i.e.}
faster than light {\it in vacuo}) polarization current distribution that both
oscillates and undergoes centripetal acceleration. Theoretical treatments lead
one to expect that the radiation emitted from each volume element of such a
polarization current will comprise a \v{C}erenkov-like envelope with two sheets
that meet along a cusp. The emission from the experimental machine is in good
agreement with these expectations, the combined effect of the volume elements
leading to tightly-defined beams of a well-defined geometry, determined by the
source speed and trajectory. In addition, over a restricted range of angles, we
detect the presence of cusps in the emitted radiation. These are due to the
detection over a short time period (in the laboratory frame) of radiation
emitted over a considerably longer period of source time. Consequently, the
intensity of the radiation at these angles was observed to decline more slowly
with increasing distance from the source than would the emission from a
conventional antenna. The angular distribution of the emitted radiation and the
properties associated with the cusps are in good {\it quantitative} agreement
with theoretical models of superluminal sources once the effect of reflections
from the earth's surface are taken into account.


title:
Dynamically Multivalued Self-Organisation and Probabilistic Structure
  Formation Processes

abstract:
  The unreduced, universally nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary many-body
interaction process reveals the irreducible, purely dynamic source of
randomness. It leads to the universal definition of real system complexity
(physics/9806002), where the internally chaotic self-organisation emerges as a
limiting case of complex interaction dynamics (physics/0211071). It extends
also the concept of "self-organised criticality" and corresponds to formation
of distinct enough (but always internally chaotic) structures occurring if the
system is far from characteristic frequency resonances. Transition to the
opposite limiting regime of multivalued interaction dynamics, that of uniform
(global) chaos, takes place around the main frequency resonance(s), which
provides the absolutely universal criterion of global chaos onset, applicable
to any kind of system, as well as the new, extended interpretation of the
phenomenon of resonance itself. As a result, one obtains the causally complete
description of world structure emergence and dynamics, from elementary
particles to consciousness, including practically important and fundamentally
substantiated propositions for self-organisation research and applications.


title: Optical fiber coupling to planar photonic crystal microcavities

abstract:
  A technique is demonstrated which efficiently transfers light between a
tapered standard single-mode optical fiber and a resonant mode of a high-Q
photonic crystal cavity with mode volume less than a cubic wavelength in size.
Cavity mode quality factors of 4.7 x 10^4 are measured, and a total
fiber-to-cavity coupling efficiency of 44% is demonstrated.


title: Covariant EBK quantization of the electromagnetic two-body problem

abstract:
  We discuss a method to transform the covariant Fokker action into an implicit
two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian for the electromagnetic two-body problem with
arbitrary masses. This dynamical system appeared 100 years ago and it was
popularized in the 1940's by the still incomplete Wheeler and Feynman program
to quantize it as a means to overcome the divergencies of perturbative QED. Our
finite-dimensional implicit Hamiltonian is closed and involves no series
expansions. The Hamiltonian formalism is then used to motivate an EBK
quantization based on the classical trajectories with a non-perturbative
formula that predicts energies free of infinities.


title: Albert Einstein's 1916 Review Article on General Relativity

abstract:
  The first comprehensive overview of the final version of the general theory
of relativity was published by Einstein in 1916 after several expositions of
preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. A
historical account of this review paper is given, of its prehistory, including
a discussion of Einstein's collaboration with Marcel Grossmann, and of its
immediate reception.


title: Charging effects in biased molecular devices

abstract:
  The influence of the charging effects on the transport characteristics of a
molecular wire bridging two metallic electrodes in the limit of weak contacts
is studied by generalized Breit-Wigner formula. Molecule is modeled as a
quantum dot with discrete energy levels, while the coupling to the electrodes
is treated within a broad band theory. Owing to this model we find
self-consistent occupation of particular energy levels and orbital energies of
the wire in the presence of transport. The nonlinear conductance and
current-voltage characteristics are investigated as a function of bias voltage
in the case of symmetric and asymmetric coupling to the electrodes. It is shown
that the shape of that curves are determined by the combined effect of the
electronic structure of the molecule and by electron-electron repulsion.


title: Homochirality proliferation in space

abstract:
  To understand the chirality selection in the biological organic system, a
simple lattice model of chemical reaction with molecular diffusion is proposed
and studied by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition to a simple stochastic
process of conversions between an achiral reactant A and chiral products, R and
S molecules, a nonlinear autocatalysis is incorporated by enhancing the
reaction rate from A to R (or S), when A is surrounded by more than one R (or
S) molecules. With this nonlinear autocatalysis, the chiral symmetry between R
and S is shown to be broken in a dense system. In a dilute solution with a
chemically inactive solvent, molecular diffusion accomplishes chirality
selection, provided that the initial concentration is higher than the critical
value.


title: Hot spots in near-field optics

abstract:
  We investigate the critical points of the near field intensity. It is shown
that there are no local maxima of the intensity outside dielectric surfaces and
the only possible critical points are either local minima or saddle points.
Using the boundary charge method we investigate numerically the field
distribution around star-like sets of prolate spheroids. The field enhancement
is shown to achieve a value of several hundreds at critical points outside the
surfaces of spheroids and of several thousands near the surfaces.


title:
Some new simplifications for general form of the orbit-orbit interaction
  operator

abstract:
  The general tensorial form of the orbit-orbit interaction operator in the
formalism of second quantization is presented. Such an expression is needed to
calculate both diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements with respect to
configurations, in a uniform way. Some special cases are shown for which the
orbit-orbit interaction operator reduces to simple form. The importance of
different contributions to the Breit-Pauli hamiltonian is investigated in
ground states and ionization potentials for Li isoelectronic sequency in the
systematic way.


title:
The library of subroutines for calculating standard quantities in atomic
  structure theory

abstract:
  This library (collection of subroutines) is presented for calculating
standard quantities in the decomposition of many-electron matrix elements in
atomic structure theory. These quantities include the coefficients of
fractional parentage, the reduced coefficients of fractional parentage as well
as reduced and completely reduced matrix elements for several operators. So the
library is assigned for any computational scheme. The software is an
implementation of a methodology based on the second quantization in coupled
tensorial form, the angular momentum theory in 3 spaces (orbital, spin and
quasispin), and the graphical technique of angular momentum. This
implementation extends applications in atomic theory capabilities to partially
filled f-- shells and has lead to faster execution of angular integration
codes.


title:
The library of subroutines for calculation of matrix elements of
  two-particle operators for many-electron atoms

abstract:
  In this paper a library for spin--angular integration in LS-coupling for
many-electron atoms is presented. The software is an implementation of a
methodology based on the second quantization in coupled tensorial form, the
angular momentum theory in 3 spaces (orbital, spin and quasispin), and the
graphical technique of angular momentum. This implementation extends
applications of the relevant methodology to open f- shells and leads to faster
execution of angular integration codes. The possibility of using some library
routines for solving various angular momentum problems in atomic physics is
also discussed.


title: Halley's comet of 87 BC on the coins of Armenian king Tigranes?

abstract:
  Coins of Armenian king Tigranes II the Great (95-55 BC), silver and
copper-bronze tetradrachms and drachms, clearly reveal a star with a tail on
the royal tiara which may be associated with the Halley's comet passage of 87
BC. If so, one has another case when astronomical events can be useful for
historical chronological problems, this would be a far earlier record of Halley
in Armenia than was previously known from chronicles and also one of the
earliest known images of Halley's comet.


title:
Projecting to a Slow Manifold: Singularly Perturbed Systems and Legacy
  Codes

abstract:
  The long-term dynamics of many dynamical systems evolve on an attracting,
invariant "slow manifold" that can be parameterized by a few observable
variables. Yet a simulation using the full model of the problem requires
initial values for all variables. Given a set of values for the observables
parameterizing the slow manifold, one needs a procedure for finding the
additional values such that the state is close to the slow manifold to some
desired accuracy. We consider problems whose solution has a singular
perturbation expansion, although we do not know what it is nor have any way to
compute it. We show in this paper that, under some conditions, computing the
values of the remaining variables so that their (m+1)-st time derivatives are
zero provides an estimate of the unknown variables that is an mth-order
approximation to a point on the slow manifold in sense to be defined. We then
show how this criterion can be applied approximately when the system is defined
by a legacy code rather than directly through closed form equations.


title: How Were the Hilbert--Einstein Equations Discovered?

abstract:
  The pathways along which A. Einstein and D. Hilbert independently came to the
gravitational field equations are traced. Some of the papers that assert a
point of view on the history of the derivation of the gravitational field
equations ``that radically differs from the standard point of view'' are
critically analyzed. It is shown that the conclusions drawn in these papers are
completely groundless.


title: Secondly quantized multi-configurational approach for atomic databases

abstract:
  General method is suggested to find non-relativistic and relativistic matrix
elements of one- and two-electron operators for any number of open shells in
atom, requiring neither coefficients of fractional parentage nor unit tensors.
It is based on second quantization in coupled tensorial form, angular momentum
theory in orbital, spin and quasispin spaces and generalized graphical
technique. All matrix elements (diagonal and non-diagonal with respect to
configurations) differ then only by projections of quasispin of separate shells
and are expressed via completely reduced (in three spaces) matrix elements of
second quantization operator and its products. Thus, all matrix elements are
treated uniformly. This approach allows one to generate fairly accurate
databases of atomic parameters.


title: Non-magnetic left-handed material

abstract:
  We develop a new approach to build a material with negative refraction index.
In contrast to conventional designs which make use of a resonant behavior to
achieve a non-zero magnetic response, our material is intrinsically
non-magnetic and relies on an anisotropic dielectric constant to provide a
left-handed response in waveguide geometry. We demonstrate that the proposed
material can support surface (polariton) waves, and show the connection between
polaritons and the enhancement of evanescent fields, also referred to as
super-lensing.


title: Integration over spin-angular variables in atomic physics

abstract:
  A review of methods for finding general expressions for matrix elements
(non-diagonal with respect to configurations included) of any one- and
two-particle operator for an arbitrary number of shells in an atomic
configuration is given. These methods are compared in various aspects, and the
advantages or shortcomings of each particular method are discussed. Efficient
method to find the abovementioned quantities in LS coupling is presented, based
on the use of symmetry properties of operators and matrix elements in three
spaces (orbital, spin and quasispin), second quantization in coupled tensorial
form, graphical technique and Wick's theorem. This allows to efficiently
account for correlation effects practically for any atom and ion of periodical
table.


title:
Gain without inversion in a V-type system with low coherence decay rate
  for the upper levels

abstract:
  Inversionless gain is observed in a V-type inhomogeneously broadened system
without introducing any incoherent pumping and only by changing the collisional
dephasing decay rate. In this system sub-Doppler linewidth is achieved with
off-resonance pump detuning.


title:
Universal spectrum for DNA base C+G concentration variability in Human
  chromosome Y

abstract:
  The spatial distribution of DNA base sequence A, C, G and T exhibit
selfsimilar fractal fluctuations and the corresponding power spectra follow
inverse power law form, which implies the following: (1) A scale invariant eddy
continuum, namely, the amplitudes of component eddies are related to each other
by a scale factor alone. In general, the scale factor is different for
different scale ranges and indicates a multifractal structure for the spatial
distribution of DNA base sequence. (2) Long-range spatial correlations of the
eddy fluctuations. Multifractal structure to space-time fluctuations and the
associated inverse power law form for power spectra is generic to spatially
extended dynamical systems in nature and is a signature of self-organized
criticality. The exact physical mechanism for the observed self-organized
criticality is not yet identified. The author has developed a general systems
theory where quantum mechanical laws emerge as self-consistent explanations for
the observed long-range space-time correlations, i.e. the apparently chaotic
fractal fluctuations are signatures of quantum-like chaos in dynamical systems.
The model provides unique quantification for the observed inverse power law
form for power spectra in terms of the statistical normal distribution. In this
paper it is shown that the frequency distribution of the bases C+G in all
available contiguous sequences for Human chromosome Y DNA exhibit model
predicted quantum-like chaos.


title:
Is a multiple excitation of a single atom equivalent to a single
  excitation of an ensemble of atoms?

abstract:
  Recent technological advances have enabled to isolate, control and measure
the properties of a single atom, leading to the possibility to perform
statistics on the behavior of single quantum systems. These experiments have
enabled to check a question which was out of reach previously: Is the
statistics of a repeatedly excitation of an atom N times equivalent to a single
excitation of an ensemble of N atoms? We present a new method to analyze
quantum measurements which leads to the postulation that the answer is most
probably no. We discuss the merits of the analysis and its conclusion.


title: Pump induced Autler-Townes effect and A-T mixing in a four level atoms

abstract:
  It is shown by theoretical simulation that tuning of the pump power can
induce mixing and crossing of Autler-Townes(A-T)components of closely spaced
transitions in atoms. Pump radiation also leads to small shifts of the central
hole of A-T doublet. Off-resonance pumping gives an asymmetry in the A-T
components and by controlling pump frequency detuning it is also possible to
mix the A-T components.


title: Radiation Pressure Dominate Regime of Relativistic Ion Acceleration

abstract:
  The electromagnetic radiation pressure becomes dominant in the interaction of
the ultra-intense electromagnetic wave with a solid material, thus the wave
energy can be transformed efficiently into the energy of ions representing the
material and the high density ultra-short relativistic ion beam is generated.
This regime can be seen even with present-day technology, when an exawatt laser
will be built. As an application, we suggest the laser-driven heavy ion
collider.

categories: physics.plasm-ph physics.acc-ph physics.comp-ph physics.space-ph


title: The Physics of Atom-Surface Interactions

abstract:
  A tutorial overview is given on interactions between atoms and surfaces that
are mediated by the electromagnetic field. The emphasis is on dispersion (or
van der Waals) forces and transitions induced by thermal fluctuations in the
near field of a surface. Applications with cold atoms held in microscopic traps
near surfaces ("atom chips") provide the experimental background for this
theory lecture. We do not cover the chemical physics aspects that are relevant
at distances comparable to the atomic scale, like adsorption and diffusion on
surfaces, growth of nanostructures, or atomic beam diffraction from crystalline
surfaces. These are covered by other lecturers.


title:
On the Possibility of Faster-Than-Light Motions in Nonlinear
  Electrodynamics

abstract:
  A version of electrodynamics is constructed in which faster-than-light
motions of electromagnetic fields and particles with real masses are possible.


title:
Far-field spectral characterization of conical emission and
  filamentation in Kerr media

abstract:
  By use of an imaging spectrometer we map the far-field ($\theta-\lambda$)
spectra of 200 fs optical pulses that have undergone beam collapse and
filamentation in a Kerr medium. By studying the evolution of the spectra with
increasing input power and using a model based on stationary linear asymptotic
wave modes, we are able to trace a consistent model of optical beam collapse
high-lighting the interplay between conical emission, multiple pulse splitting
and other effects such as spatial chirp.


title: Optimal classification of HCI spectra

abstract:
  Energy levels of highly charged ions as a rule cannot be classified using LS
coupling due to rapid increase of relativistic effects. It is suggested, for
optimal classification of energy spectra, to calculate them in LS coupling and
to transform the weights of the wave functions, obtained after diagonalization
of the energy matrix, to the other coupling schemes. F-like ions are considered
as an example.


title:
Geminate recombination dynamics studied via electron reexcitation:
  Kinetic analysis for anion CTTS photosystems

abstract:
  Recently, it became practicable to study geminate recombination dynamics of
solvated electrons in polar liquids by using short pulses of light to reexcite
these electrons back into the conduction band of the liquid and observe a
change in the fraction of electrons that escape geminate recombination. In this
Letter, the potential of this technique to provide additional insight into the
recombination dynamics of electrons generated by charge-transfer-to-solvent
(CTTS) photodetachment from monovalent anions in polar liquids is studied
theoretically. The resulting expression accounts for the recent results from
B.J. Schwartz's group at UCLA for electron photodetachment from Na- in
tetrahydrofuran.


title:
Neighbor List Collision-Driven Molecular Dynamics Simulation for
  Nonspherical Particles. I. Algorithmic Details II. Applications to Ellipses
  and Ellipsoids

abstract:
  In the first part of a series of two papers, we present in considerable
detail a collision-driven molecular dynamics algorithm for a system of
nonspherical particles, within a parallelepiped simulation domain, under both
periodic or hard-wall boundary conditions. The algorithm extends previous
event-driven molecular dynamics algorithms for spheres. We present a novel
partial-update near-neighbor list (NNL) algorithm that is superior to previous
algorithms at high densities, without compromising the correctness of the
algorithm. This efficiency of the algorithm is further increased for systems of
very aspherical particles by using bounding sphere complexes (BSC). In the
second part of this series of papers we apply the algorithm presented in the
first part of this series of papers to systems of hard ellipses and ellipsoids.
The theoretical machinery needed to treat such particles, including the overlap
potentials, is developed in full detail. We describe an algorithm for
predicting the time of collision for two moving ellipses or ellipsoids. We
present performance results for our implementation of the algorithm. The
practical utility of the algorithm is demonstrated by presenting several
interesting physical applications, including the generation of jammed packings
inside spherical containers, the study of contact force chains in jammed
packings, and melting the densest-known equilibrium crystals of prolate
spheroids.


title:
Unfamiliar trajectories for a relativistic particle in a Kepler or
  Coulomb potential

abstract:
  Relativistic particles in the Kepler and Coulomb potentials may have
trajectories that are qualitatively different from the trajectories found in
nonrelativistic mechanics. Spiral scattering trajectories were pointed out by
C. G. Darwin in 1913 in connection with the relativistic Rutherford scattering
of classical charged particles. Relativistic trajectories are of current
interest in connection with Cole and Zou's computer simulation of the hydrogen
ground state in classical physics.


title:
Efficient Heating of Thin Cylindrical Targets by Broad Electromagnetic
  Beams I

abstract:
  In many high-profile applications, such as nuclear fusion and pumping of
active media of short-wavelength lasers, it is necessary to achieve high
specific input of power of an electromagnetic beam in a target. Diffraction
sets the lower limit to the transverse dimensions of electromagnetic beams and
represents a fundamental obstacle for electromagnetic heating of small or
inaccessible regions. It was found, however, that it is possible to achieve
efficient heating of cylindrical targets by electromagnetic beams with
transverse dimensions that are several orders of magnitude greater than those
of the cylinder. These counter-intuitive results have the following physical
mechanism: the absorption in the cylinder causes a deep fall in the field
distribution, and this fall causes diffractive diffusion of the field towards
the axis from a large volume of the beam. The heating efficiency was rigorously
calculated using the exact solution of the problem of diffraction on an
infinite homogeneous cylinder (J.R. Wait, 1955). Several non-resonant domains
of parameters were found that provide efficient absorption of the energy of a
broad beam in a thin conducting cylinder. The typical asymptotic efficiency for
very thin cylinders is (2-5)/L, where L=ln(w/d), where d is the diameter of the
cylinder and w is the width of the beam waist in the longitudinal geometry or
the wavelength in the transverse geometry. This efficiency is high even if the
beam is several orders of magnitude broader than the cylinder. The relevant
conditions are not too rigid and may be used to heat cylindrical targets to
high temperatures in a number of important applications. External magnetic
field may further relax the conditions of efficient heating.


title: Spin-other-orbit operator in the tensorial form of second quantization

abstract:
  The tensorial form of the spin-other-orbit interaction operator in the
formalism of second quantization is presented. Such an expression is needed to
calculate both diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements according to an
approach, based on a combination of second quantization in the coupled
tensorial form, angular momentum theory in three spaces (orbital, spin and
quasispin), and a generalized graphical technique. One of the basic features of
this approach is the use of tables of standard quantities, without which the
process of obtaining matrix elements of spin-other-orbit interaction operator
between any electron configurations is much more complicated. Some special
cases are shown for which the tensorial structure of the spin-other-orbit
interaction operator reduces to an unusually simple form.


title:
Classical and quantum-mechanical treatments of nonsequential double
  ionization with few-cycle laser pulses

abstract:
  We address nonsequential double ionization induced by strong, linearly
polarized laser fields of only a few cycles, considering a physical mechanism
in which the second electron is dislodged by the inelastic collision of the
first electron with its parent ion. The problem is treated classically, using
an ensemble model, and quantum-mechanically, within the strong-field and
uniform saddle-point approximations. In the latter case, the results are
interpreted in terms of "quantum orbits", which can be related to the
trajectories of a classical electron in an electric field. We obtain highly
asymmetric electron momentum distributions, which strongly depend on the
absolute phase, i.e., on the phase difference between the pulse envelope and
its carrier frequency. Around a particular value of this parameter, the
distributions shift from the region of positive to that of negative momenta, or
vice-versa, in a radical fashion. This behavior is investigated in detail for
several driving-field parameters, and provides a very efficient method for
measuring the absolute phase. Both models yield very similar distributions,
which share the same physical explanation. There exist, however, minor
discrepancies due to the fact that, beyond the region for which electron-impact
ionization is classically allowed, the yields from the quantum mechanical
computation decay exponentially, whereas their classical counterparts vanish.


title: Lepton and meson masses

abstract:
  The lepton mass ratios are calculated using a geometric unified theory,
taking the leptons as the only three possible families of topological
excitations of the electron or the neutrino. The theoretical results give
107.5916 Mev for the muon mass and 1770.3 Mev for the tau mass using the mass
ratios. Using the additional geometric interaction energy in a muon-neutrino
system, the main leptonic mass contribution to the pion and kaon mass is
calculated to be, respectively, 140.88 Mev and 494.76 Mev. The necessary first
order corrections, due to the interaction of the excitations, should be of the
order of the discrepancies with experimental values. The three geometric
families of leptonic excitations may be related to a quark structure.


title:
Statistical characterization of the interchange-instability spectrum of
  a separable ideal-magnetohydrodynamic model system

abstract:
  A Suydam-unstable circular cylinder of plasma with periodic boundary
conditions in the axial direction is studied within the approximation of
linearized ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The normal mode equations are
completely separable, so both the toroidal Fourier harmonic index n and the
poloidal index m are good quantum numbers. The full spectrum of eigenvalues for
m in the range 1 to m_max is analyzed quantitatively, using asymptotics for
large m, numerics for all m, and graphics for qualitative understanding. The
density of eigenvalues scales like the square of m_max for large m_max. Because
finite-m corrections scale inversely as the square of m_max, their inclusion is
essential in order to obtain the correct statistics for the distribution of
eigenvalues. Near the largest growth rate only a single radial eigenmode
contributes to the spectrum, so the eigenvalues there depend only on m and n,
as in a two-dimensional system. However, unlike the generic separable
two-dimensional system, the statistics of the ideal-MHD spectrum departs
somewhat from the Poisson distribution, even for arbitrarily large m_max. This
departure from Poissonian statistics may be understood qualitatively from the
nature of the distribution of rational numbers in the rotational transform
profile.


title: On the secondly quantized theory of many-electron atom

abstract:
  Traditional theory of many-electron atoms and ions is based on the
coefficients of fractional parentage and matrix elements of tensorial
operators, composed of unit tensors. Then the calculation of spin-angular
coefficients of radial integrals appearing in the expressions of matrix
elements of arbitrary physical operators of atomic quantities has two main
disadvantages: (i) The numerical codes for the calculation of spin-angular
coefficients are usually very time-consuming; (ii) f-shells are often omitted
from programs for matrix element calculation since the tables for their
coefficients of fractional parentage are very extensive. The authors suppose
that a series of difficulties persisting in the traditional approach to the
calculation of spin-angular parts of matrix elements could be avoided by using
this secondly quantized methodology, based on angular momentum theory, on the
concept of the irreducible tensorial sets, on a generalized graphical method,
on quasispin and on the reduced coefficients of fractional parentage.


title:
Statistical Analysis for Long Term Correlations in the Stress Time
  Series of Jerky Flow

abstract:
  Stress time series from the PLC effect typically exhibit stick-slips of
upload and download type. These data contain strong short-term correlations of
a nonlinear type. We investigate whether there are also long term correlations,
i.e. the successive up-down patterns are generated by a deterministic
mechanism. A statistical test is conducted for the null hypothesis that the
sequence of the up-down patterns is totally random. The test is constructed by
means of surrogate data, suitably generated to represent the null hypothesis.
Linear and nonlinear estimates are used as test statistics, namely
autocorrelation, mutual information and Lyapunov exponents, which are found to
have proper performance for the test. The test is then applied to three stress
time series under different experimental conditions. Rejections are obtained
for one of them and not with all statistics. From the overall results we cannot
conclude that the underlying mechanism to the PLC effect has long memory.


title:
Secondary electron yield measurements from thin surface coatings for NLC
  electron cloud reduction

abstract:
  In the beam pipe of the positron damping ring of the Next Linear Collider,
electrons will be created by beam interaction with the surrounding vacuum
chamber wall and give rise to an electron cloud. Several solutions are possible
for avoiding the electron cloud, without changing the bunch structure or the
diameter of the vacuum chamber. Some of the currently available solutions for
preventing this spurious electron load include reducing residual gas ionization
by the beam, minimizing beam photon-induced electron production, and lowering
the secondary electron yield (SEY) of the chamber wall. We will report on
recent SEY measurements performed at SLAC on TiN coatings and TiZrV
non-evaporable getter thin films.


title:
The relation between momentum conservation and Newton's third law
  revisited

abstract:
  Under certain conditions usually fulfilled in classical mechanics, the
principle of conservation of linear momentum and Newton's third law are
equivalent. However, the demonstration of this fact is usually incomplete in
textbooks. We shall show here that to demonstrate the equivalence, we require
the explicit use of the principle of superposition contained in Newton's second
law. On the other hand, under some additional conditions the combined laws of
conservation of linear and angular momentum, are equivalent to Newton's third
law with central forces. The conditions for such equivalence apply in many
scenarios of classical mechanics; once again the principle of superposition
contained in Newton's second law is the clue.


title: Maximum-Likelihood Detection of Soliton with Timing Jitter

abstract:
  Using the maximum-likelihood detector (MLD) of a soliton with timing jitter
and noise, other than walk-out of the bit interval, timing jitter does not
degrade the performance of MLD. When the MLD is simulated with important
sampling method, even with a timing jitter standard deviation the same as the
full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the soliton, the signal-to-noise (SNR)
penalty is just about 0.2 dB. The MLD performs better than conventional scheme
to lengthen the decision window with additive noise proportional to the window
wide.


title:
An efficient approach for spin-angular integrations in atomic structure
  calculations

abstract:
  A general method is described for finding algebraic expressions for matrix
elements of any one- and two-particle operator for an arbitrary number of
subshells in an atomic configuration, requiring neither coefficients of
fractional parentage nor unit tensors. It is based on the combination of second
quantization in the coupled tensorial form, angular momentum theory in three
spaces (orbital, spin and quasispin), and a generalized graphical technique.
The latter allows us to calculate graphically the irreducible tensorial
products of the second quantization operators and their commutators, and to
formulate additional rules for operations with diagrams. The additional rules
allow us to find graphically the normal form of the complicated tensorial
products of the operators. All matrix elements (diagonal and non-diagonal with
respect to configurations) differ only by the values of the projections of the
quasispin momenta of separate shells and are expressed in terms of completely
reduced matrix elements (in all three spaces) of the second quantization
operators. As a result, it allows us to use standard quantities uniformly for
both diagona and off-diagonal matrix elements.


title: The Zero-n Gap Soliton

abstract:
  Periodic structures consisting of alternating layers of positive index and
negative index materials possess a novel band gap at the frequency at which the
average refractive index is zero. We show that in the presence of a Kerr
nonlinearity, this zero-n gap can switch from low transmission to a perfectly
transmitting state, forming a nonlinear resonance or gap soliton in the
process. This zero-n gap soliton is omnidirectional in contrast to the usual
Bragg gap soliton of positive index periodic structures


title: Negative refraction in outer space?

abstract:
  Mediums which do not support the propagation of plane waves with negative
phase velocity (NPV) when viewed at rest can support NPV propagation when they
are viewed in a reference frame which is uniformly translated at sufficiently
high velocity. Thus, relativistic negative refraction may be exploited in
astronomical scenarios.


title: Strongly localised molecular orbitals for $\alpha$-quartz

abstract:
  A previously proposed computational procedure for constructing a set of
nonorthogonal strongly localised one-electron molecular orbitals (O. Danyliv,
L. Kantorovich - physics/0401107) is applied to a perfect $\alpha$-quartz
crystal characterised by an intermediate type of chemical bonding. The orbitals
are constructed by applying various localisation methods to canonical
Hartree-Fock orbitals calculated for a succession of finite molecular clusters
of increased size with appropriate boundary conditions. The calculated orbitals
span the same occupied Fock space as the canonical HF solutions, but have an
advantage of reflecting the true chemical nature of the bonding in the system.
The applicability of several localisation techniques as well as of a number of
possible choices of localisation regions (structure elements) are discussed for
this system in detail.


title:
Experimental demonstration of fiber-accessible metal nanoparticle
  plasmon waveguides for planar energy guiding and sensing

abstract:
  Experimental evidence of mode-selective evanescent power coupling at
telecommunication frequencies with efficiencies up to 75 % from a tapered
optical fiber to a carefully designed metal nanoparticle plasmon waveguide is
presented. The waveguide consists of a two-dimensional square lattice of
lithographically defined Au nanoparticles on an optically thin silicon
membrane. The dispersion and attenuation properties of the waveguide are
analyzed using the fiber taper. The high efficiency of power transfer into
these waveguides solves the coupling problem between conventional optics and
plasmonic devices and could lead to the development of highly efficient
plasmonic sensors and optical switches.


title: Beam-Breakup Instability Theory for Energy Recovery Linacs

abstract:
  Here we will derive the general theory of the beam-breakup instability in
recirculating linear accelerators, in which the bunches do not have to be at
the same RF phase during each recirculation turn. This is important for the
description of energy recovery linacs (ERLs) where bunches are recirculated at
a decelerating phase of the RF wave and for other recirculator arrangements
where different RF phases are of an advantage. Furthermore it can be used for
the analysis of phase errors of recirculated bunches. It is shown how the
threshold current for a given linac can be computed and a remarkable agreement
with tracking data is demonstrated. The general formulas are then analyzed for
several analytically solvable cases, which show: (a) Why different higher order
modes (HOM) in one cavity do not couple so that the most dangerous modes can be
considered individually. (b) How different HOM frequencies have to be in order
to consider them separately. (c) That no optics can cause the HOMs of two
cavities to cancel. (d) How an optics can avoid the addition of the
instabilities of two cavities. (e) How a HOM in a multiple-turn recirculator
interferes with itself. Furthermore, a simple method to compute the orbit
deviations produced by cavity misalignments has also been introduced. It is
shown that the BBU instability always occurs before the orbit excursion becomes
very large.


title: Synchro-Betatron Stop-Bands due to a Single Crab Cavity

abstract:
  We analyze the stop-band due to crab cavities for horizontal tunes that are
either close to integers or close to half integers. The latter case is relevant
for today's electron/positron colliders. We compare this stop-band to that
created by dispersion in an accelerating cavity and show that a single typical
crab cavity creates larger stop-bands than a typical dispersion at an
accelerating cavity.
  We furthermore analyze whether it is beneficial to place the crab cavity at a
position where the dispersion and its slope vanish. We find that this choice is
worth while if the horizontal tune is close to a half integer, but not if it is
close to an integer. Furthermore we find that stop-bands can be avoided when
the horizontal tune is located at a favorable side of the integer or the half
integer.
  While we are here concerned with the installation of a single crab cavity in
a storage ring, we show that the stop-bands can be weakened, although not
eliminated, significantly when two crab cavities per ring are chosen suitably.


title: Strength of Higher-Order Spin-Orbit Resonances

abstract:
  When polarized particles are accelerated in a synchrotron, the spin
precession can be periodically driven by Fourier components of the
electromagnetic fields through which the particles travel. This leads to
resonant perturbations when the spin-precession frequency is close to a linear
combination of the orbital frequencies. When such resonance conditions are
crossed, partial depolarization or spin flip can occur. The amount of
polarization that survives after resonance crossing is a function of the
resonance strength and the crossing speed. This function is commonly called the
Froissart-Stora formula. It is very useful for predicting the amount of
polarization after an acceleration cycle of a synchrotron or for computing the
required speed of the acceleration cycle to maintain a required amount of
polarization. However, the resonance strength could in general only be computed
for first-order resonances and for synchrotron sidebands. When Siberian Snakes
adjust the spin tune to be 1/2, as is required for high energy accelerators,
first-order resonances do not appear and higher-order resonances become
dominant. Here we will introduce the strength of a higher-order spin-orbit
resonance, and also present an efficient method of computing it. Several
tracking examples will show that the so computed resonance strength can indeed
be used in the Froissart-Stora formula. HERA-p is used for these examples which
demonstrate that our results are very relevant for existing accelerators.


title: Optimal Axes of Siberian Snakes for Polarized Proton Acceleration

abstract:
  Accelerating polarized proton beams and storing them for many turns can lead
to a loss of polarization when accelerating through energies where a spin
rotation frequency is in resonance with orbit oscillation frequencies.
First-order resonance effects can be avoided by installing Siberian Snakes in
the ring, devices which rotate the spin by 180 degrees around the snake axis
while not changing the beam's orbit significantly. For large rings, several
Siberian Snakes are required.
  Here a criterion will be derived that allows to find an optimal choice of the
snake axes. Rings with super-period four are analyzed in detail, and the HERA
proton ring is used as an example for approximate four-fold symmetry. The
proposed arrangement of Siberian Snakes matches their effects so that all
spin-orbit coupling integrals vanish at all energies and therefore there is no
first-order spin-orbit coupling at all for this choice, which I call snakes
matching. It will be shown that in general at least eight Siberian Snakes are
needed and that there are exactly four possibilities to arrange their axes.
When the betatron phase advance between snakes is chosen suitably, four
Siberian Snakes can be sufficient.
  To show that favorable choice of snakes have been found, polarized protons
are tracked for part of HERA-p's acceleration cycle which shows that
polarization is preserved best for the here proposed arrangement of Siberian
Snakes.


title: Hilbert's 'World Equations' and His Vision of a Unified Science

abstract:
  In summer 1923, a year after his lectures on the `New Foundation of
Mathematics' and half a year before the republication of his two notes on the
`Foundations of Physics,' Hilbert delivered a trilogy of lectures in Hamburg.
In these lectures, Hilbert expounds in an unusually explicit manner his
epistemological perspective on science as a subdiscipline of an all embracing
science of mathematics. The starting point of Hilbert's considerations is the
claim that the class of gravitational and electromagnetic field equations
implied by his original variational formulation of 1915 provides valid
candidate `world equations,' even in view of attempts at unified field theories
\'a la Weyl and Eddington based on the concept of the affine connection. We
give a discussion of Hilbert's lectures and, in particular, examine his claim
that Einstein in his 1923 papers on affine unified field theory only arrived at
Hilbert's original 1915 theory. We also briefly comment on Hilbert's
philosophical viewpoints expressed in these lectures.


title: Quantum gravity and "singularities"

abstract:
  The paper concerns the fictitious entanglement of the so-called
``singularities'' in problems, pertaining to quantum gravity, due, in point of
fact, to the way we try to employ, in that context, differential geometry, the
latter being associated, in effect, by far, classically (:smooth manifolds), on
the basis of an erroneous correspondence between what we may call/understand,
as ``physical space'' and the ``cartesian-newtonian'' one.


title: Geometry and physics of today

abstract:
  The ``geometry'', in the sense of the classical differential geometry of
smooth manifolds (CDG), is put under scrutiny from the point of view of
Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG), along with resulting, thereby, potential
physical consequences, in what, in particular, concerns physical ``gauge
theories'', when the latter are viewed as being, anyway, of a ``geometrical
character''. Yet, ``physical geometry'', in connection with physical laws and
the associated with them, within the context of ADG, ``differential'' equations
(whence, no background spacetime manifold is needed thereat), are also under
discussion.


title: Laser frequency locking by direct measurement of detuning

abstract:
  We present a new method of laser frequency locking in which the feedback
signal is directly proportional to the detuning from an atomic transition, even
at detunings many times the natural linewidth of the transition. Our method is
a form of sub-Doppler polarization spectroscopy, based on measuring two Stokes
parameters ($I_2$ and $I_3$) of light transmitted through a vapor cell. This
extends the linear capture range of the lock loop by up to an order of
magnitude and provides equivalent or improved frequency discrimination as other
commonly used locking techniques.


title:
Stimulated Raman backscattering of laser radiation in deep plasma
  channels

abstract:
  Stimulated Raman backscattering (RBS) of intense laser radiation confined by
a single-mode plasma channel with a radial variation of plasma frequency
greater than a homogeneous-plasma RBS bandwidth is characterized by a strong
transverse localization of resonantly-driven electron plasma waves (EPW). The
EPW localization reduces the peak growth rate of RBS and increases the
amplification bandwidth. The continuum of non-bound modes of backscattered
radiation shrinks the transverse field profile in a channel and increases the
RBS growth rate. Solution of the initial-value problem shows that an
electromagnetic pulse amplified by the RBS in the single-mode deep plasma
channel has a group velocity higher than in the case of homogeneous-plasma
Raman amplification. Implications to the design of an RBS pulse compressor in a
plasma channel are discussed.


title:
Application of the Yin-Yang grid to a thermal convection of a Boussinesq
  fluid with infinite Prandtl number in a three-dimensional spherical shell

abstract:
  A new numerical finite difference code has been developed to solve a thermal
convection of a Boussinesq fluid with infinite Prandtl number in a
three-dimensional spherical shell. A kind of the overset (Chimera) grid named
``Yin-Yang grid'' is used for the spatial discretization. The grid naturally
avoids the pole problems which are inevitable in the latitude-longitude grids.
The code is applied to numerical simulations of mantle convection with uniform
and variable viscosity. The validity of the Yin-Yang grid for the mantle
convection simulation is confirmed.


title: Electron trapping by electric field reversal and Fermi mechanism

abstract:
  We investigate the existence of the electric field reversal in the negative
glow of a dc discharge, its location, the width of the well trapping the
electrons, the slow electrons scattering time, and as well the trapping time.
Based on a stress-energy tensor analysis we show the inherent instability of
the well. We suggest that the Fermi mechanism is a possible process for pumping
out electrons from the through, and linking this phenomena with electrostatic
plasma instabilities. A power law distribution function for trapped electrons
is also obtained. Analytical expressions are derived which can be used to
calculate these characteristics from geometrical dimensions and the operational
parameters of the discharge.


title: What object does the wave function describe?

abstract:
  It is shown that the wave function describes the state of the statistical
ensemble E[S] of individual particles, or the statistical average particle <S>.
This result follows from the fact that in the classical limit h=0 the
Schroedinger equation turns to the dynamic equations for the statistical
ensemble of classical particles. The statement that the wave function describes
the state of an individual particle is incompatible with the quantum mechanics
formalism. It is shown that the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics
is a corollary of the fact, that the QM formalism is the technique of the
statistical ensemble description, restricted by constraints of the dynamic
equation linearity.


title:
Zemach and magnetic radius of the proton from the hyperfine splitting in
  hydrogen

abstract:
  The current status of the determination of corrections to the hyperfine
splitting of the ground state in hydrogen is considered. Improved calculations
are provided taking into account the most recent value for the proton charge
radius. Comparing experimental data with predictions for the hyperfine
splitting, the Zemach radius of the proton is deduced to be $1.045(16)$ fm.
Employing exponential parametrizations for the electromagnetic form factors we
determine the magnetic radius of the proton to be $0.778(29)$ fm. Both values
are compared with the corresponding ones derived from the data obtained in
electron-proton scattering experiments and the data extracted from a rescaled
difference between the hyperfine splittings in hydrogen and muonium.


title: Noise-seeded spatio-temporal modulation instability in normal dispersion

abstract:
  In optical second harmonic generation with normal dispersion, the virtually
infinite bandwidth of the unbounded, hyperbolic, modulational instability leads
to quenching of spatial multi-soliton formation and to the occurrence of a
catastrophic spatio-temporal break-up when an extended beam is let to interact
with an extremely weak external noise with coherence time much shorter than
that of the pump.


title:
Breaking symmetry through speed-induced beam-deflection via
  centrifugation of the light source

abstract:
  The experiment proposed aims to evidence and to measure the deflection of
light rays induced by the source speed upon emission, and to discern it from
the aberration of light rays induced by the observer speed. The method stands
in creating a speed asymmetry between that of the source and that of the
observer, and relies on the centrifugation of a light source at ultrahigh
speed. When source and observer have the same speed, such as when being both on
the same inertial system, the deflection and the aberration compensate and
their net effect is null. So, in order to circumscribe the odds of inertial
systems and to isolate these speed-induced effects it has instead been appealed
to a centrifugal system, since it allows infringing symmetry between the source
and the observer speeds. Three cases are considered. (a) Centrifugation of the
source fixed at one end of the rotor arm, while the detector is fixed on the
rotor axis. This configuration of the experiment aims to unveil that due to the
peripheral speed of the source the beam is deflected forward, so it impinges on
the centric detector slightly shifted from its position when the system was not
rotating. (b) The positions of the source and the detector are interchanged, so
the source peripheral speed is then null and thus no speed-induced deflection
ensues, but due to the observer peripheral speed there is a speed-induced
aberration since during the beam time-of-flight the detector has slightly moved
side-way. However, this time the spot shifts in opposite direction and hence
the effect of centrifugation is not reciprocal. (c) The source and the detector
are fixed at the two ends of the rotor arms. In this case the beam deflection
and aberration add, since their speed vectors have opposite directions and each
shift of the spot on the detector is double since the time-of-flight is double.


title:
Bradley-Sardin telecentric telescope for enhanced detection of the
  aberration of stellar light

abstract:
  A telescope specifically designed for the observation of the stellar
aberration of light is proposed. It is distinctive in two main features: a
lengthy collimated beam and an adjustable position of the photo-detector along
the telescope axis, so the beam length-of-flight can be varied from zero to the
telescope total length. This is achieved by means of a telecentric objective
projecting the collimated beam up to a movable CCD camera. The spot position on
a high-resolution photo-detector array is recorded, and the data are
transferred to a computer and treated by a beam analyser software. The
telescope aims to measure with high accuracy the aberration of stellar light
due to the earth orbital motion. An alternative would consist of fixing the
telecentric objective at the top of a cliff by means of an anti-vibration clamp
with a high-precision directional mount. The detector would be fixed on a
micrometric positioner, placed on the foot of the cliff at the beam position of
fall. This way, the beam time-of-flight can be considerably increased, and
hence the subsequent spot shift. For a beam length of 300 m the resulting shift
would be of 30 mm, and so in a year the spot would describe a circle of 60 mm
diameter. Optionally, a diode laser may be fixed at the centre of the telescope
objective in order to contrast the behaviour of local and stellar light.


title:
The electrostatic field of a point charge and an electrical dipole in
  the presence of a conducting sphere

abstract:
  We evaluate the electrostatic potential and the electrostatic field created
by a point charge and an arbitrarly oriented electrical dipole placed near a
grounded perfectly conducting sphere. Induced surface charge distributions as
well as electrostatic energy, force and torque associated with this
configuartion are fully discussed. Possible variants of the problem are also
discussed.


title:
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Circulation in Short
  Cylinders

abstract:
  In preparation for an experimental study of magnetorotational instability
(MRI) in liquid metal, we explore Couette flows having height comparable to the
gap between cylinders, centrifugally stable rotation, and high Reynolds number.
Experiments in water are compared with numerical simulations. Simulations show
that endcaps corotating with the outer cylinder drive a strong poloidal
circulation that redistributes angular momentum. Predicted azimuthal flow
profiles agree well with experimental measurements. Spin-down times scale with
Reynolds number as expected for laminar Ekman circulation; extrapolation from
two-dimensional simulations at $Re\le 3200$ agrees remarkably well with
experiment at $Re\sim 10^6$. This suggests that turbulence does not dominate
the effective viscosity. Further detailed numerical studies reveal a strong
radially inward flow near both endcaps. After turning vertically along the
inner cylinder, these flows converge at the midplane and depart the boundary in
a radial jet. To minimize this circulation in the MRI experiment, endcaps
consisting of multiple, differentially rotating rings are proposed. Simulations
predict that an adequate approximation to the ideal Couette profile can be
obtained with a few rings.


title: A New Time-Reversible Integrator for Molecular Dynamics Applications

abstract:
  Molecular Dynamics method is based on solution of Newtonian differential
equations of motion. A new very accurate and efficient time-reversible explicit
integrator was derived on the basis of second order Tailor expansion of force.
There is good reason to think the new method will be easy-to-use for MD and,
possibly, celestial mechanics applications.


title:
Kinetic modelling and molecular dynamics simulation of ultracold neutral
  plasmas including ionic correlations

abstract:
  A kinetic approach for the evolution of ultracold neutral plasmas including
interionic correlations and the treatment of ionization/excitation and
recombination/deexcitation by rate equations is described in detail. To assess
the reliability of the approximations inherent in the kinetic model, we have
developed a hybrid molecular dynamics method. Comparison of the results reveals
that the kinetic model describes the atomic and ionic observables of the
ultracold plasma surprisingly well, confirming our earlier findings concerning
the role of ion-ion correlations [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 010703]. In addition,
the molecular dynamics approach allows one to study the relaxation of the ionic
plasma component towards thermodynamical equilibrium.


title: Magnetic moment of the proton

abstract:
  The magnetic moment of the proton is calculated using a geometric unified
theory. The geometry determines a generalized Pauli equation showing anomalous
terms due to the triplet proton structure. The theoretical result gives a bare
anomalous Lande gyromagnetic g-factor close to the experimental value. The
necessary radiative corrections should be included in the actual theoretical
dressed value. The first order correction raises the value to 2(2.7796).
Similarly we obtain for the neutron gyromagnetic g-factor the value 2(1.9267).