title: What Dimensions Do the Time and Space Have: Integer or Fractional?

abstract:
  A theory of time and space with fractional dimensions (FD) of time and space
($d_{\alpha}, \alpha=t,{\bf r})$ defined on multifractal sets is proposed. The
FD is determined (using principle of minimum the functionals of FD) by the
energy densities of Lagrangians of known physical fields. To describe behaviour
of functions defined on multifractal sets the generalizations of the fractional
Riemann-Liouville derivatives $D_{t}^{d(t)}$ are introduced with the order of
differentiation (depending on time and coordinate) being equal the value of
fractional dimension. For $d_{t}=const$ the generalized fractional derivatives
(GFD) reduce to ordinary Riemann-Liouville integral functionals, and when
$d_{t}$ is close to integer, GFD can be represented by means of derivatives of
integer order. For time and space with fractional dimensions a method to
investigate the generalized equations of theoretical physics by means of GFD is
proposed. The Euler equations defined on multifractal sets of time and space
are obtained using the principle of the minimum of FD functionals. As an
example, a generalized Newton equation is considered and it is shown that this
equation coincide with the equation of classical limit of general theory of
relativity for $d_{t} \to 1$. Several remarks concerning existence of repulsive
gravitation are discussed. The possibility of geometrization all the known
physical fields and forces in the frames of the fractal theory of time and
space is demonstrated.


title: Wave Essence of Particles

abstract:
  We state several ideas based on the view-point of particle behaviour of
matter to explain wave character of photon and elementary particles. By using
Newton's suggestion of light ray, we clarify integrally the behaviour of light
``wave''. And ``wave'' character of particles is also explained by the
view-point of particle.


title: Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory: Status and Prospects

abstract:
  During the 1990s an international collaboration has been studying the
possibility of constructing and operating a high-energy high-luminosity
$\mu^+\mu^-$ collider. Such a machine could be the approach of choice to extend
our discovery reach beyond that of the LHC. More recently, a growing
collaboration is exploring the potential of a stored-muon-beam "neutrino
factory" to elucidate neutrino oscillations. A neutrino factory could be an
attractive stepping-stone to a muon collider. Its construction, possibly
feasible within the coming decade, could have substantial impact on neutrino
physics.


title: Dirac--Maxwell Solitons

abstract:
  Detailed analysis of the coupled Dirac-Maxwell equations and the structure of
their solutions is presented. Numerical solutions of the field equations in the
case of spherical symmetry with negligible gravitational self-interaction
reveal the existence of families of solitons with electric field dominance that
are completely determined by the observed charge and mass of the underlying
particles. A soliton is found which has the charge and mass of the electron as
well as a charge radius of 10^{-23} m. This is well within the present
experimentally determined upper limit of ~ 10^{-18} m. Properties of these
particles as well as possible extension to the work herein are discussed.


title:
Localized Superluminal solutions to Maxwell equations propagating along
  a normal-sized waveguide

abstract:
  We show that localized (non-evanescent) solutions to Maxwell equations exist,
which propagate without distortion along normal waveguides with Superluminal
speed.


title: Black-Scholes option pricing within Ito and Stratonovich conventions

abstract:
  Options financial instruments designed to protect investors from the stock
market randomness. In 1973, Fisher Black, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton
proposed a very popular option pricing method using stochastic differential
equations within the Ito interpretation. Herein, we derive the Black-Scholes
equation for the option price using the Stratonovich calculus along with a
comprehensive review, aimed to physicists, of the classical option pricing
method based on the Ito calculus. We show, as can be expected, that the
Black-Scholes equation is independent of the interpretation chosen. We
nonetheless point out the many subtleties underlying Black-Scholes option
pricing method.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.data-an q-fin.PR


title: Sun Microsystem's AutoClient and management of computer farms at BaBar

abstract:
  Modern HEP experiments require immense amounts of computing power. In the
BaBar experiment at SLAC, most of it is provided by Solaris SPARC systems.
AutoClient, a product of Sun Microsystems, was designed to make setting up and
managing large numbers of Solaris systems more straightforward. AutoClient
machines keep all filesystems, except swap, on a server and employ CacheFS to
cache them onto a local disk, which makes them Field Replaceable Units with
performance of stand-alone systems. We began exploring the technology in Summer
1998, and currently operate online, reconstruction, analysis and console
AutoClient farms with the total number of nodes exceeding 400. Although the
technology has been available since 1995, it has not been widely used, and the
available documentation does not adequately cover many important details of
AutoClient installation and management. This paper discusses various aspects of
our experience with AutoClient, including tips and tricks, performance and
maintainability, scalability and server requirements, existing problems and
possible future enhancements.


title: Wavelet Analysis of Solar Activity

abstract:
  Using wavelet analysis approach, the temporal variations of solar activity on
time scales ranging from days to decades, are examined from the daily time
series of sunspot numbers. A hierarchy of changing complex periods are careful
detected and related cycles compared with results from recent similar analyses.
A general determination of the main Schwabe cycle length variations is also
suggested on the basis of the wavelet amplitude distribution extracted from the
local wavelet power map.


title: 3-D extent of the main ionospheric trough--a case study

abstract:
  The EISCAT radar system has been used for the first time in a four-beam
meridional mode. The FAST satellite and ALIS imaging system is used in
conjunction to support the radar data, which was used to identify a main
ionospheric trough. With this large latitude coverage the trough was passed in
2.5 hours period. Its 3-dimensional structure is investigated and discussed. It
is found that the shape is curved along the auroral oval, and that the trough
is wider closer to the midnight sector. The position of the trough coincide
rather well with various statistical models and this trough is found to be a
typical one.


title:
Finesse and mirror speed measurement for a suspended Fabry-Perot cavity
  using the ringing effect

abstract:
  We here present an investigation of the ringing effect observed on the VIRGO
mode-cleaner prototype MC30. The results of a numerical calculation show how a
simple empirical formula can determine the cavity expansion rate from the
oscillatory behavior. We also show how the simulation output can be adjusted to
estimate the finesse value of the suspended cavity.

categories: physics.optics astro-ph gr-qc physics.gen-ph


title:
Large-scale Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculations for transition
  probabilities of Fe V

abstract:
  Ab initio theoretical calculations are reported for the electric (E1) dipole
allowed and intercombination fine structure transitions in Fe V using the
Breit-Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) method. We obtain 3865 bound fine structure levels
of Fe V and $1.46 x 10^6$ oscillator strengths, Einstein A-coefficients and
line strengths. In addition to the relativistic effects, the intermediate
coupling calculations include extensive electron correlation effects that
represent the complex configuration interaction (CI). Fe V bound levels are
obtained with angular and spin symmetries $SL\pi$ and $J\pi$ of the (e + Fe VI)
system such that $2S+1$ = 5,3,1, $L \leq$ 10, $J \leq 8$. The bound levels are
obtained as solutions of the Breit-Pauli (e + ion) Hamiltonian for each $J\pi$,
and are designated according to the `collision' channel quantum numbers. A
major task has been the identification of these large number of bound fine
structure levels in terms of standard spectroscopic designations. A new scheme,
based on the analysis of quantum defects and channel wavefunctions, has been
developed. The identification scheme aims particularly to determine the
completeness of the results in terms of all possible bound levels for
applications to analysis of experimental measurements and plasma modeling. An
uncertainty of 10-20% for most transitions is estimated.


title:
Role of negative-energy states and Breit interaction in calculation of
  atomic parity-nonconserving amplitudes

abstract:
  It is demonstrated that Breit and negative-energy state contributions reduce
the 2.5 sigma deviation [S.C. Bennett and C.E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82,
2484 (1999)] in the value of the weak charge of 133Cs from the Standard Model
prediction to 1.7sigma. The corrections are obtained in the relativistic
many-body perturbation theory by combining all-order Coulomb and second-order
Breit contributions. The corrections to parity-nonconserving amplitudes amount
to 0.6% in 133Cs and 1.1% in 223Fr. The relevant magnetic-dipole hyperfine
structure constants are modified at the level of 0.3% in Cs, and 0.6% in Fr.
Electric-dipole matrix elements are affected at 0.1% level in Cs and a few 0.1%
in Fr.


title: Path Integral Monte Carlo Calculation of the Deuterium Hugoniot

abstract:
  Restricted path integral Monte Carlo simulations have been used to calculate
the equilibrium properties of deuterium for two densities: 0.674 and 0.838
gcm^-3 (rs = 2.00 and 1.86) in the temperature range of 10000 < T < 1000000 K.
Using the calculated internal energies and pressures we estimate the shock
hugoniot and compare with recent Laser shock wave experiments. We study finite
size effects and the dependence on the time step of the path integral. Further,
we compare the results obtained with a free particle nodal restriction with
those from a self-consistent variational principle, which includes interactions
and bound states.


title: High-resolution path-integral development of financial options

abstract:
  The Black-Scholes theory of option pricing has been considered for many years
as an important but very approximate zeroth-order description of actual market
behavior. We generalize the functional form of the diffusion of these systems
and also consider multi-factor models including stochastic volatility. Daily
Eurodollar futures prices and implied volatilities are fit to determine
exponents of functional behavior of diffusions using methods of global
optimization, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), to generate tight fits across
moving time windows of Eurodollar contracts. These short-time fitted
distributions are then developed into long-time distributions using a robust
non-Monte Carlo path-integral algorithm, PATHINT, to generate prices and
derivatives commonly used by option traders.

categories: physics.comp-ph cs.CE physics.data-an q-fin.PR


title:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Reaction time
  correlates of the g factor

abstract:
  A statistical mechanics of neuronal interactions (SMNI) is explored as
providing some substance to a physiological basis of the g factor. Some
specific elements of SMNI, previously used to develop a theory of short-term
memory (STM) and a model of electroencephalography (EEG) are key to providing
this basis. Specifically, Hick's Law, an observed linear relationship between
reaction time (RT) and the information storage of STM, in turn correlated to a
RT-g relationship, is derived.


title:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: EEG eigenfunctions of
  short-term memory

abstract:
  This paper focuses on how bottom-up neocortical models can be developed into
eigenfunction expansions of probability distributions appropriate to describe
short-term memory in the context of scalp EEG. The mathematics of
eigenfunctions are similar to the top-down eigenfunctions developed by Nunez,
albeit they have different physical manifestations. The bottom-up
eigenfunctions are at the local mesocolumnar scale, whereas the top-down
eigenfunctions are at the global regional scale. However, as described in
several joint papers, our approaches have regions of substantial overlap, and
future studies may expand top-down eigenfunctions into the bottom-up
eigenfunctions, yielding a model of scalp EEG that is ultimately expressed in
terms of columnar states of neocortical processing of attention and short-term
memory.


title: Canonical momenta indicators of financial markets and neocortical EEG

abstract:
  A paradigm of statistical mechanics of financial markets (SMFM) is fit to
multivariate financial markets using Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), a
global optimization algorithm, to perform maximum likelihood fits of
Lagrangians defined by path integrals of multivariate conditional
probabilities. Canonical momenta are thereby derived and used as technical
indicators in a recursive ASA optimization process to tune trading rules. These
trading rules are then used on out-of-sample data, to demonstrate that they can
profit from the SMFM model, to illustrate that these markets are likely not
efficient. This methodology can be extended to other systems, e.g.,
electroencephalography. This approach to complex systems emphasizes the utility
of blending an intuitive and powerful mathematical-physics formalism to
generate indicators which are used by AI-type rule-based models of management.


title:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Canonical momenta
  indicators of electroencephalography

abstract:
  A series of papers has developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical
interactions (SMNI), deriving aggregate behavior of experimentally observed
columns of neurons from statistical electrical-chemical properties of synaptic
interactions. While not useful to yield insights at the single neuron level,
SMNI has demonstrated its capability in describing large-scale properties of
short-term memory and electroencephalographic (EEG) systematics. The necessity
of including nonlinear and stochastic structures in this development has been
stressed. Sets of EEG and evoked potential data were fit, collected to
investigate genetic predispositions to alcoholism and to extract brain
signatures of short-term memory. Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), a global
optimization algorithm, was used to perform maximum likelihood fits of
Lagrangians defined by path integrals of multivariate conditional
probabilities. Canonical momenta indicators (CMI) are thereby derived for
individual's EEG data. The CMI give better signal recognition than the raw
data, and can be used to advantage as correlates of behavioral states. These
results give strong quantitative support for an accurate intuitive picture,
portraying neocortical interactions as having common algebraic or physics
mechanisms that scale across quite disparate spatial scales and functional or
behavioral phenomena, i.e., describing interactions among neurons, columns of
neurons, and regional masses of neurons.


title:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Training and testing
  canonical momenta indicators of EEG

abstract:
  A series of papers has developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical
interactions (SMNI), deriving aggregate behavior of experimentally observed
columns of neurons from statistical electrical-chemical properties of synaptic
interactions. While not useful to yield insights at the single neuron level,
SMNI has demonstrated its capability in describing large-scale properties of
short-term memory and electroencephalographic (EEG) systematics. The necessity
of including nonlinear and stochastic structures in this development has been
stressed. Sets of EEG and evoked potential data were fit, collected to
investigate genetic predispositions to alcoholism and to extract brain
signatures of short-term memory. Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), a global
optimization algorithm, was used to perform maximum likelihood fits of
Lagrangians defined by path integrals of multivariate conditional
probabilities. Canonical momenta indicators (CMI) are thereby derived for
individual's EEG data. The CMI give better signal recognition than the raw
data, and can be used to advantage as correlates of behavioral states. These
results give strong quantitative support for an accurate intuitive picture,
portraying neocortical interactions as having common algebraic or physics
mechanisms that scale across quite disparate spatial scales and functional or
behavioral phenomena, i.e., describing interactions among neurons, columns of
neurons, and regional masses of neurons. This paper adds to these previous
investigations two important aspects, a description of how the CMI may be used
in source localization, and calculations using previously ASA-fitted parameters
in out-of-sample data.


title:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: High resolution
  path-integral calculation of short-term memory

abstract:
  We present high-resolution path-integral calculations of a previously
developed model of short-term memory in neocortex. These calculations, made
possible with supercomputer resources, supplant similar calculations made in L.
Ingber, Phys. Rev. E 49, 4652 (1994), and support coarser estimates made in L.
Ingber, Phys. Rev. A 29, 3346 (1984). We also present a current experimental
context for the relevance of these calculations using the approach of
statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions, especially in the context of
electroencephalographic data.


title:
Anomalous attenuation of extraordinary waves in ionosphere heating
  experiments

abstract:
  The results of experimental and theoretical study of anomalous attenuation of
probe extraordinary waves in experiments on modification of ionosphere by
powerful HF waves on "Sura" heating facility are presented. The experimental
data indicate significant attenuation of extraordinary waves which can be
explained as a result of multiple scattering of extraordinary waves on
small-scale random irregularities. The possibility of diagnostics of spectrum
of artificial irregularities from measurements of anomalous attenuation of
extraordinary waves is demonstrated.


title:
Exact solution of the restricted three-body Santilli-Shillady model of
  $H_2$ molecule

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the exact solution of the restricted isochemical
model of $H_2$ molecule with fixed nuclei recently proposed by Santilli and
Shillady in which the two electrons are assumed to be bonded/correlated into a
quasiparticle called the {\it isoelectronium}. Under the conditions that: 1)
the isoelectronium is stable; 2) the effective size of the isoelectronium is
ignorable, in comparison to internuclear distance; and 3) the two nuclei are at
rest, the Santilli-Shillady model of the $H_2$ molecule is reduced to a
restricted {\it three-body} system essentially similar to a neutral version of
the $H_2^+$ ion, which, as such, admits exact solution. Our main result is that
the restricted three-body Santilli-Shillady approach to $H_2$ is capable to fit
the experimental binding energy, at the isoelectronium mass parameter
$M=0.308381m_e$, although under optimal internuclear distance about 19.6%
bigger than the conventional experimental value, indicating an approximate
character of the three-body model.


title:
On variational solution of the four-body Santilli-Shillady model of
  $H_2$ molecule

abstract:
  In this paper, we apply Ritz variational approach to a new isochemical model
of $H_2$ molecule suggested by Santilli and Shillady. We studied Gaussian,
$V_g$, and exponential, $V_e$, screened Coloumb potential {\it approximations},
as well as the original Hulten potential, $V_h$, case. Both the Coloumb and
exchange integrals have been calculated only for $V_e$ owing to Gegenbauer
expansion while for $V_g$ and $V_h$ cases we achieved analytical results only
for the Coloumb integrals. We conclude that the $V_e$-based model is capable to
fit experimental data on $H_2$ molecule in confirmation of the results of
numerical HFR approach by Santilli and Shillady. Also, we achieved the
energy-based estimation of the weight of the isoelectronium phase which is
appeared to be of the order of 1%...6%, for the case of $V_e$. However, we note
that this is {\it not} the result corresponding to the original
Santilli-Shillady model, which is based on the Hulten potential $V_h$. An
interesting result is that in order to prevent divergency of the Coloumb
integral for $V_h$ the correlation length parameter $r_c$ should run discrete
set of values. We used this condition in our $V_e$-based model.


title: Calculation of positron binding to silver and gold atoms

abstract:
  Positron binding to silver and gold atoms was studied using a fully {\it ab
initio} relativistic method, which combines the configuration interaction
method with many-body perturbation theory. It was found that the silver atom
forms a bound state with a positron with binding energy 123 ($\pm$ 20%) meV,
while the gold atom cannot bind a positron. Our calculations reveal the
importance of the relativistic effects for positron binding to heavy atoms. The
role of these effects was studied by varying the value of the fine structure
constant $\alpha$. In the non-relativistic limit, $\alpha = 0$, both systems
$e^+$Ag and $e^+$Au are bound with binding energies of about 200 meV for
$e^+$Ag and 220 meV for $e^+$Au. Relativistic corrections for a negative ion
are essentially different from that for a positron interacting with an atom.
Therefore, the calculation of electron affinities cannot serve as a test of the
method used for positron binding in the non-relativistic case. However, it is
still a good test of the relativistic calculations. Our calculated electron
affinities for silver (1.327 eV) and gold (2.307 eV) atoms are in very good
agreement with corresponding experimental values (1.303 eV and 2.309 eV
respectively).


title:
Gauge symmetry, chirality and parity violation in four-particle systems:
  Coulomb's law as a universal molecular function

abstract:
  Following recent work in search of a universal function (Van Hooydonk, Eur J
Inorg Chem, 1999, 1617), we test symmetric potentials for reproducing molecular
potential energy curves (PECs). For a bond, a four-particle system, charge
inversion is the key to explain this shape generically. A parity adapted
Hamiltonian reduces from ten to two terms. The analytical perturbed Coulomb
function scales attractive and repulsive branches of 13 PECs (HH, HF, LiH, KH,
AuH, LiLi, LiF, KLi, NaCs, RbRb,RbCs, CsCs and II) in a single straight line.
Turning points are reproduced with a deviation of 0.3 % (0.007 angstrom). At
the repulsive side, the deviation is 0.2 % (0.003 angstrom). The ab initio zero
molecular parameter function gives PECs of acceptable quality, just using
atomic ionisation energies. The function can be used as a model potential for
inverting energy levels. The theory may be tested with femtochemistry.
Reactions between hydrogen and anti-hydrogen, feasible in the near future, will
probably produce normal HH.


title: Path-integral evolution of multivariate systems with moderate noise

abstract:
  A non Monte Carlo path-integral algorithm that is particularly adept at
handling nonlinear Lagrangians is extended to multivariate systems. This
algorithm is particularly accurate for systems with moderate noise.


title: Teaching "Symmetry" in the Introductory Physics Curriculum

abstract:
  Modern physics is largely defined by fundamental symmetry principles and
Noether's Theorem. Yet these are not taught, or rarely mentioned, to beginning
students, thus missing an opportunity to reveal that the subject of physics is
as lively and contemporary as molecular biology, and as beautiful as the arts.
We prescribe a symmetry module to insert into the curriculum, of a week's
length.


title: Further Effects of Varying G

abstract:
  The correct perihelion precession was recently deduced within the frame work
of a time varying Gravitational constant G. Here, we deduce also the observed
gravitational bending of light and flattening of galactic rotational curves.


title: Superluminal Near-field Dipole Electromagnetic Fields

abstract:
  The purpose of this paper is to present mathematical evidence that
electromagnetic near-field waves and wave groups, generated by an oscillating
electric dipole, propagate much faster than the speed of light as they are
generated near the source, and reduce to the speed of light at about one
wavelength from the source. The speed at which wave groups propagate (group
speed) is shown to be the speed at which both modulated wave information and
wave energy density propagate. Because of the similarity of the governing
partial differential equations, two other physical systems (magnetic
oscillating dipole, and gravitational radiating oscillating mass) are noted to
have similar results.


title: Space-time geometry of quantum dielectrics

abstract:
  Light experiences dielectric matter as an effective gravitational field and
matter experiences light as a form of gravity as well. Light and matter waves
see each other as dual space-time metrics, thus establishing a unique model in
field theory. Actio et reactio are governed by Abraham's energy-momentum tensor
and equations of state for quantum dielectrics.


title: Beam Coupling Impedances of Small Discontinuities

abstract:
  A general derivation of the beam coupling impedances produced by small
discontinuities on the wall of the vacuum chamber of an accelerator is
reviewed. A collection of analytical formulas for the impedances of small
obstacles is presented.


title: The Genetic Code as a Periodic Table: Algebraic Aspects

abstract:
  The systematics of indices of physico-chemical properties of codons and amino
acids across the genetic code are examined. Using a simple numerical labelling
scheme for nucleic acid bases, data can be fitted as low-order polynomials of
the 6 coordinates in the 64-dimensional codon weight space. The work confirms
and extends recent studies by Siemion of amino acid conformational parameters.
The connections between the present work, and recent studies of the genetic
code structure using dynamical symmetry algebras, are pointed out.


title: Cooling of Particle Beams in Storage Rings

abstract:
  Cooling methods are discussed in reference to the electron-positron, ion and
muon beams.


title: Calculation of the Electron Self Energy for Low Nuclear Charge

abstract:
  We present a nonperturbative numerical evaluation of the one-photon electron
self energy for hydrogenlike ions with low nuclear charge numbers Z=1 to 5. Our
calculation for the 1S state has a numerical uncertainty of 0.8 Hz for hydrogen
and 13 Hz for singly-ionized helium. Resummation and convergence acceleration
techniques that reduce the computer time by about three orders of magnitude
were employed in the calculation. The numerical results are compared to results
based on known terms in the expansion of the self energy in powers of (Z
alpha).


title:
Nonlinear denoising of transient signals with application to event
  related potentials

abstract:
  We present a new wavelet based method for the denoising of {\it event related
potentials} ERPs), employing techniques recently developed for the paradigm of
deterministic chaotic systems. The denoising scheme has been constructed to be
appropriate for short and transient time sequences using circular state space
embedding. Its effectiveness was successfully tested on simulated signals as
well as on ERPs recorded from within a human brain. The method enables the
study of individual ERPs against strong ongoing brain electrical activity.


title: Interaction of a vortex ring with the free surface of ideal fluid

abstract:
  The interaction of a small vortex ring with the free surface of a perfect
fluid is considered. In the frame of the point ring approximation the
asymptotic expression for the Fourier-components of radiated surface waves is
obtained in the case when the vortex ring comes from infinity and has both
horizontal and vertical components of the velocity. The non-conservative
corrections to the equations of motion of the ring, due to Cherenkov radiation,
are derived.


title:
Non equilibrium in statistical and fluid mechanics. Ensembles and their
  equivalence. Entropy driven intermittency

abstract:
  We present a review of the chaotic hypothesis and discuss its applications to
intermittency in statistical mechanics and fluid mechanics proposing a
quantitative definition. Entropy creation rate is interpreted in terms of
certain intermittency phenomena. An attempt to a theory of the experiment of
Ciliberto-Laroche on the fluctuation law is presented.


title: Monodisperse approximation in the metastable phase decay

abstract:
  A new simple method for the first order phase transition kinetics is
suggested. The metastable phase consumption can be imagined in frames of the
modisperse approximation for the distribution of the droplets sizes. In all
situations of the metastable phase decay this approximation leads to negligible
errors in the total number of droplets appeared in the system. An evident
advantage of the presented method is the possibility to investigate the
situation of the metastable phase decay on several sorts of heterogeneous
centers.


title:
Formation of Patterns in Intense Hadron Beams. The Amplitude Equation
  Approach

abstract:
  We study the longitudinal motion of beam particles under the action of a
single resonator wave induced by the beam itself. Based on the method of
multiple scales we derive a system of coupled amplitude equations for the
slowly varying part of the longitudinal distribution function and for the
resonator wave envelope, corresponding to an arbitrary wave number. The
equation governing the slow evolution of the voltage envelope is show to be of
Ginzburg-Landau type.


title: A Simple Explanation for Taxon Abundance Patterns

abstract:
  For taxonomic levels higher than species, the abundance distributions of
number of subtaxa per taxon tend to approximate power laws, but often show
strong deviationns from such a law. Previously, these deviations were
attributed to finite-time effects in a continuous time branching process at the
generic level. Instead, we describe here a simple discrete branching process
which generates the observed distributions and find that the distribution's
deviation from power-law form is not caused by disequilibration, but rather
that it is time-independent and determined by the evolutionary properties of
the taxa of interest. Our model predicts-with no free parameters-the
rank-frequency distribution of number of families in fossil marine animal
orders obtained from the fossil record. We find that near power-law
distributions are statistically almost inevitable for taxa higher than species.
The branching model also sheds light on species abundance patterns, as well as
on links between evolutionary processes, self-organized criticality and
fractals.

categories: physics.bio-ph nlin.AO physics.data-an q-bio.PE


title: The Multifractal Time and Irreversibility in Dynamic Systems

abstract:
  The irreversibility of the equations of classical dynamics (the Hamilton
equations and the Liouville equation) in the space with multifractal time is
demonstrated. The time is given on multifractal sets with fractional
dimensions. The last depends on densities of Lagrangians in a given time moment
and in a given point of space. After transition to sets of time points with the
integer dimension the obtained equations transfer in the known equations of
classical dynamics. Production of an entropy is not equally to zero in space
with multifractal time, i.e. the classical systems in this space are
non-closed.


title:
Is it Possible to Transfer an Information with the Velocities Exceeding
  Speed of Light in Empty Space?

abstract:
  On the base of the theory of time and space with the fractional dimensions a
possibility for information transferring with arbitrary velocities is
demonstrated


title: Condensation of microturbulence-generated shear flows into global modes

abstract:
  In full flux-surface computer studies of tokamak edge turbulence, a spectrum
of shear flows is found to control the turbulence level and not just the
conventional (0,0)-mode flows. Flux tube domains too small for the large
poloidal scale lengths of the continuous spectrum tend to overestimate the
flows, and thus underestimate the transport. It is shown analytically and
numerically that under certain conditions dominant (0,0)-mode flows independent
of the domain size develop, essentially through Bose-Einstein condensation of
the shear flows.


title:
Bethe logarithms for the 1 singlet S, 2 singlet S and 2 triplet S states
  of helium and helium-like ions

abstract:
  We have computed the Bethe logarithms for the 1 singlet S, 2 singlet S and 2
triplet S states of the helium atom to about seven figure-accuracy using a
generalization of a method first developed by Charles Schwartz. We have also
calculated the Bethe logarithms for the helium-like ions of Li, Be, O and S for
all three states to study the 1/Z behavior of the results. The Bethe logarithm
of H minus was also calculated with somewhat less accuracy. The use of our
Bethe logarithms for the excited states of neutral helium, instead of those
from Goldman and Drake's first-order 1/Z-expansion, reduces by several orders
of magnitude the discrepancies between the theoretically calculated and
experimentally measured ionization potentials of these states.


title:
Spatiotemporally Localized Multidimensional Solitons in Self-Induced
  Transparency Media

abstract:
  "Light bullets" are multi-dimensional solitons which are localized in both
space and time. We show that such solitons exist in two- and three-dimensional
self-induced-transparency media and that they are fully stable. Our approximate
analytical calculation, backed and verified by direct numerical simulations,
yields the multi-dimensional generalization of the one-dimensional Sine-Gordon
soliton.


title: Teaching the EPR-Paradox at High School?

abstract:
  The discovery of quantum mechanics at the beginning of the last century led
to a revolution of the physical world view. Modern experiments, made possible
by new techniques on the border of the classical and the quantum regimes offer
new insights and better understanding of the quantum world and have impact on
technical development. Therefore it seems important that students gain
appreciation of the principles of quantum mechanics. A suitable way seems be
the treatment of the EPR-experiment at a prominent place.


title:
Advanced Lanczos diagonalization for models of quantum disordered
  systems

abstract:
  An application of an effective numerical algorithm for solving eigenvalue
problems which arise in modelling electronic properties of quantum disordered
systems is considered. We study the electron states at the
localization-delocalization transition induced by a random potential in the
framework of the Anderson lattice model. The computation of the interior of the
spectrum and corresponding wavefunctions for very sparse, hermitian matrices of
sizes exceeding 10^6 x 10^6 is performed by the Lanczos-type method especially
modified for investigating statistical properties of energy levels and
eigenfunction amplitudes.


title: The singular points of Einstein's Universe

abstract:
  Short note by Marcel Brillouin on the representation of the mass point in
general relativity.


title: A-Tract Induced DNA Bending is A Local Non-Electrostatic Effect

abstract:
  The macroscopic curvature induced in double helical B-DNA by regularly
repeated adenine tracts (A-tracts) is a long known, but still unexplained
phenomenon. This effect plays a key role in DNA studies because it is unique in
the amount and the variety of the available experimental information and,
therefore, is likely to serve as a gate to the unknown general mechanisms of
recognition and regulation of genome sequences. The dominating idea in the
recent years was that, in general, macroscopic bends in DNA are caused by long
range electrostatic repulsion between phosphate groups when some of them are
neutralized by proximal external charges. In the case of A-tracts this may be
specifically bound solvent counterions. Here we report about molecular dynamics
simulations where a correct static curvature in a DNA fragment with phased
adenine tracts emerges spontaneously in conditions where any role of
counterions or long range electrostatic effects can be excluded.


title:
A classical Over Barrier Model to compute charge exchange between ions
  and one-optical-electron atoms

abstract:
  In this paper we study theoretically the process of electron capture between
one-optical-electron atoms (e.g. hydrogenlike or alkali atoms) and ions at
low-to-medium impact velocities (v/v_e <= 1) working on a modification of an
already developed classical Over Barrier Model (OBM) [V. Ostrovsky, J. Phys. B:
At. Mol. Opt. Phys. {\bf 28} 3901 (1995)], which allows to give a
semianalytical formula for the cross sections. The model is discussed and then
applied to a number of test cases including experimental data as well as data
coming from other sophisticated numerical simulations. It is found that the
accuracy of the model, with the suggested corrections and applied to quite
different situations, is rather high.


title: Rupture of multiple parallel molecular bonds under dynamic loading

abstract:
  Biological adhesion often involves several pairs of specific receptor-ligand
molecules. Using rate equations, we study theoretically the rupture of such
multiple parallel bonds under dynamic loading assisted by thermal activation.
For a simple generic type of cooperativity, both the rupture time and force
exhibit several different scaling regimes. The dependence of the rupture force
on the number of bonds is predicted to be either linear, like a square root or
logarithmic.


title: Dynamics of Atom-Mediated Photon-Photon Scattering II: Experiment

abstract:
  Temporal and angular correlations in atom-mediated photon-photon scattering
are measured. Good agreement is found with the theory presented in Part~I.


title: Dynamics of Atom-Mediated Photon-Photon Scattering I: Theory

abstract:
  The mediated photon-photon interaction due to the resonant Kerr nonlinearity
in an inhomogeneously broadened atomic vapor is considered. The time-scale for
photon-photon scattering is computed and found to be determined by the
inhomogeneous broadening and the magnitude of the momentum transfer. This time
can be shorter than the atomic relaxation time. Effects of atom statistics are
included and the special case of small-angle scattering is considered. In the
latter case the time-scale of the nonlinear response remains fast, even though
the linear response slows as the inverse of the momentum transfer.


title:
Density Functional Study of adsorption of molecular hydrogen on graphene
  layers

abstract:
  Density functional theory has been used to study the adsorption of molecular
H2 on a graphene layer. Different adsorption sites on top of atoms, bonds and
the center of carbon hexagons have been considered and compared. We conclude
that the most stable configuration of H2 is physisorbed above the center of an
hexagon. Barriers for classical diffusion are, however, very small.


title: Formalizing the gene centered view of evolution

abstract:
  A historical dispute in the conceptual underpinnings of evolution is the
validity of the gene centered view of evolution. \cite{dawkins,lewontin} We
transcend this debate by formalizing the gene centered view as a dynamic
version of the mean field approximation. This establishes the conditions under
which it is applicable and when it is not. In particular, it breaks down for
trait divergence which corresponds to symmetry breaking in evolving
populations.


title: "Single-cycle" ionization effects in laser-matter interaction

abstract:
  We investigate numerically effects related to ``single-cycle'' ionization of
dense matter by an ultra-short laser pulse. The strongly non-adiabatic response
of electrons leads to generation of a megagauss steady magnetic field in
laser-solid interaction. By using two-beam interference, it is possible to
create periodic density structures able to trap light and to generate
relativistic ionization fronts


title:
Relationships between a roller and a dynamic pressure distribution in
  circular hydraulic jumps

abstract:
  We investigated numerically the relation between a roller and the pressure
distribution to clarify the dynamics of the roller in circular hydraulic jumps.
We found that a roller which characterizes a type II jump is associated with
two high pressure regions after the jump, while a type I jump (without the
roller) is associated with only one high pressure region. Our numerical results
show that building up an appropriate pressure field is essential for a roller.


title: On M Theory, Quantum Paradoxes and the New Relativity

abstract:
  Recently a New Relativity Principle has been proposed by one of the authors
as the underlying physical and geometrical foundations of String and {\bf M}
Theory. It is explicitly shown that within the framework of the New Relativity
Theory, some Quantum Mechanical Paradoxes like the Einstein-Rosen Podolsky and
the Black Hole Information Loss, are easily resolved. Such New Relativity
Theory requires the introduction of an Infinite Dimensional Quantum Spacetime
as has been shown recently by one of us. This can be viewed as just another way
of looking at Feynman's path integral formulation of Quantum Mechanics. Instead
of having an infinite dimensional funcional integral over $all$ paths, smooth,
forwards and backwards in time, random and fractal, in a finite-dimensional
spacetime, one has a finite number of paths in an Infinite Dimensional Quantum
Spacetime. We present a few-lines proof why there is no such a thing as an {\bf
EPR} Paradox in this New Relativity theory. The reason is {\bf not} due to a
superluminal information speed but to a {\bf divergent} information charge
density. In the infinite dimensional limit, due to the properties of gamma
functions, the hypervolume enclosed by a $D$-dim hypersphere, of finite nonzero
radius, shrinks to zero : to a {\bf hyperpoint}, the infinite-dimensional
analog af a point. For this reason, Information flows through the
infinite-dimensional hypersurface of nonzero radius, but zero size, the
hyperpoint, in an instant. In this fashion we imbue an abstract mathematical
"point" with a true physical meaning : it is an entity in infinite dimensions
that has zero hypervolume at nonzero radius . A plausible resolution of the
Information Loss Paradox in Black Holes is proposed.


title: Simulation of Laser-Compton Cooling of Electron Beams

abstract:
  We study a method of laser-Compton cooling of electron beams. Using a Monte
Carlo code, we evaluate the effects of the laser-electron interaction for
transverse cooling. The optics with and without chromatic correction for the
cooling are examined. The laser-Compton cooling for JLC/NLC at E_0=2 GeV is
considered.


title:
Averages of static electric and magnetic fields over a spherical region:
  a derivation based on the mean-value theorem

abstract: Submitted to "Notes and Discussions" in American Journal of Physics.


title:
Bulk Viscous Cosmological Model with G and Lambda Variables Through
  Dimensional Analysis

abstract:
  A model with flat FRW symmetries and G and Lambda variable,is considered in
such a way that the momentum-energy tensor that describes the model is
characterized by a bulk viscosity parameter. In this paper it is showed how to
apply the dimensional method in order to solve the outlined equations in a
trivial way.


title: Interfering with Interference: a Pancharatnam Phase Polarimeter

abstract:
  A simple variation of the traditional Young's double slit experiment can
demonstrate several subtleties of interference with polarized light, including
Berry and Pancharatnam's phase. Since the position of the fringes depends on
the polarization state of the light at the input, the apparatus can also be
used to measure the light's polarization without a quarter-wave plate or an
accurate measurement of the light's intensity. In principle this technique can
be used for any wavelength of photon as long as one can effectively polarize
the incoming radiation.


title: Soliton electro-optic effects in paraelectrics

abstract:
  The combination of charge separation induced by the formation of a single
photorefractive screening soliton and an applied external bias field in a
paraelectric is shown to lead to a family of useful electro-optic guiding
patterns and properties.


title: The oscillations in the lossy medium

abstract:
  The object of this laboratory work: to explore dependence mass point
oscillatory motion parameters in the following cases:
  - without resistance (free oscillations);
  - the resistance force is proportional to the velocity vector;
  - the resistance force is proportional to the velocity squared.
  Used equipment: the work have doing on a personal computer. The oscillatory
motion simulation is carried out by the numerical solution of system of
differential equations. This equations describe a motion of a particle under an
elastic force action and exterior forces (resistance force) with initial values
and parameters being entered during the dialogue with the computer.


title: Precision Measurement of the Lifetime of the 3d D_{5/2} state in 40Ca+

abstract:
  We report a measurement of the lifetime of the 3d 2D_{5/2} metastable level
in 40Ca+, using quantum jumps of a single cold calcium ion in a linear Paul
trap. The 4s S_{1/2} - 3d D_{5/2} transition is significant for single-ion
optical frequency standards, astrophysical references, and tests of atomic
structure calculations. We obtain tau = 1.168 +- 0.007 s from observation of
nearly 64,000 quantum jumps during approximately 32 hours. Our result is more
precise and significantly larger than previous measurements. Experiments
carried out to quantity systematic effects included a study of a previously
unremarked source of systematic error, namely excitation by the broad
background of radiation emitted by a semiconductor diode laser. Combining our
result with atomic structure calculations yields 1.20 +- 0.01 s for the
lifetime of 3d D_{3/2}. We also use quantum jump observations to demonstrate
photon anti-bunching, and to estimate background pressure and heating rates in
the ion trap.


title:
Femtosecond soliton amplification in nonlinear dispersive traps and
  soliton dispersion management

abstract:
  The nonlinear pulse propagation in an optical fibers with varying parameters
is investigated. The capture of moving in the frequency domain femtosecond
colored soliton by a dispersive trap formed in an amplifying fiber makes it
possible to accumulate an additional energy and to reduce significantly the
soliton pulse duration. Nonlinear dynamics of the chirped soliton pulses in the
dispersion managed systems is also investigated. The methodology developed does
provide a systematic way to generate infinite ``ocean'' of the chirped soliton
solutions of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NSE) with varying
coefficients.


title: A Connection between Gravitation and Electromagnetism

abstract:
  It is argued that there is a connection between the fundamental forces of
electromagnetism and gravitation. This connection occurs because of: 1) the
fundamental significance of the finite and invariant velocity of light in
inertial reference frames in the special theory, and 2) the reliance of the
general theory of relativity upon the special theory of relativity locally in
spacetime. The connection between the fundamental forces of electromagnetism
and gravitation follows immediately from these two points. A brief review is
provided of: 1) the role of the finite and invariant velocity of light in
inertial reference frames in the special theory, and 2) certain fundamental
concepts of the general theory, including its reliance on the special theory
locally.


title: An Essay on the Relationship Between the Mind and the Physical World

abstract:
  A non-technical argument is presented that there is a link between the mind
and the physical world in modern physics. Special relativity, general
relativity, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and other areas of
physics are explored. Each area is found to support the existence of a link
between the mind and the physical world. Research from psychology is also
presented indicating that there is a role for the discipline of psychology in
delineating the nature of this link.


title:
Phase transition in the ground state of a particle in a double-well
  potential and a magnetic field

abstract:
  We analyse the ground state of a particle in a double-well potential, with a
cylindrical symmetry, and in the presence of a magnetic field. We find that the
azimuthal quantum number m takes the values m = 0,1,2... when we increase the
magnetic field. At critical values of the magnetic field, the ground state is
twice degenerate. The magnetisation shows an oscillatory behaviour and jumps at
critical values of the magnetic field. This phase transition could be seen in
the condensate of a dilute gas of charged bosons confined by a double-well
potential.


title:
Path-integral Monte Carlo Simulations without the Sign Problem:
  Multilevel Blocking Approach for Effective Actions

abstract:
  The multilevel blocking algorithm recently proposed as a possible solution to
the sign problem in path-integral Monte Carlo simulations has been extended to
systems with long-ranged interactions along the Trotter direction. As an
application, new results for the real-time quantum dynamics of the spin-boson
model are presented.


title:
Equilibrium orbit analysis in a free-electron laser with a coaxial
  wiggler

abstract:
  An analysis of single-electron orbits in combined coaxial wiggler and axial
guide magnetic fields is presented. Solutions of the equations of motion are
developed in a form convenient for computing orbital velocity components and
trajectories in the radially dependent wiggler. Simple analytical solutions are
obtained in the radially-uniform-wiggler approximation and a formula for the
derivative of the axial velocity $v_{\|}$ with respect to Lorentz factor
$\gamma$ is derived. Results of numerical computations are presented and the
characteristics of the equilibrium orbits are discussed. The third spatial
harmonic of the coaxial wiggler field gives rise to group $III$ orbits which
are characterized by a strong negative mass regime.


title:
Remote Sensing of Geomagnetic Field and Applications to Climate
  Prediction

abstract:
  Observations show that geomagnetic field lines follow closely the atmospheric
circulation patterns and that geomagnetic field variations are precursors to
climate change . The exact mechanism for the observed close relationship
between global geomagnetic field and the tropospheric weather patterns is not
clear. In this paper a universal theory of atmospheric eddy dynamics is
presented which shows that the global geomagnetic field, atmospheric electric
field and weather systems are manifestations of a semi permanent scale
invariant hierarchical atmospheric eddy continuum. Quantitative equations are
derived to show that the full continuum of atmospheric eddies exist as a
unified whole and originate from buoyant energy supply from frictional
turbulence at the planetary surface . Large eddy growth occurs from turbulence
scale by the universal period doubling route to chaos . The turbulent eddies
are carried upwards on the large eddy envelopes and vertical mixing occurs by
the turbulent eddy fluctuations resulting in downward transport of negative
space charges from higher levels and simultaneous upward transport of positive
space charges from surface levels. The eddy circulations therefore generate a
large-scale vertical aerosol current, which is of the correct sign and
magnitude to generate the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field.
Therefore, atmospheric circulation patterns leave signature on the geomagnetic
field lines whose global variations can be easily monitored by satellite borne
sensors and thus assist in weather and climate prediction.


title:
Feasibility of backward diffraction radiation for non-destructive
  diagnostics of relativistic charged particle beams

abstract:
  The characteristics of backward diffraction radiation (BDR), i.e. radiation
of the charged particle passing through a slit in the tilted screen, has been
considered. The technique for non-destructive beam diagnostics based on the
measurements of BDR yield for different tilted angles (theta-scan) is
suggested.


title: The Emergence of the Planck Scale

abstract:
  In this paper we first observe some interesting parallels between Planck
scale considerations and elementary particle Compton wavelength scale
considerations, particularly in the context of Wheeler's space time foam and a
space time arising out of a stochastic random heap of elementary particles
discussed in previous papers. These parallels lead to a semi qualitative
picture which shows how the short lived Planck scale arises from the Compton
wavelength considerations.


title:
Dielectronic recombination of lithium-like Ni25+ ions - high resolution
  rate coefficients and influence of external crossed E and B fields

abstract:
  Absolute dielectronic recombination (DR) rates for lithium-like
Ni$^{25+}$($1s^2 2s$) ions were measured at high-energy resolution at the
Heidelberg heavy-ion storage ring TSR. We studied the center-of-mass energy
range 0--130 eV which covers all $\Delta n$=0 core excitations. The influence
of external crossed electric (0--300 V/cm) and magnetic (41.8--80.1 mT) fields
was investigated. For the measurement at near-zero electric field resonance
energies and strengths are given for Rydberg levels up to n$=$32; also
Maxwellian plasma rate coefficients for the $\Delta n$=0 DR at electron
temperatures between 0.5 and 200 eV are provided. For increasing electric field
strength we find that for both the $2p_{1/2}$ and the $2p_{3/2}$ series of
Ni$^{24+}$($1s^2 2p_j n\ell$) Rydberg resonances with n>30 the DR rate
coefficient increases approximately linearly by up to a factor of 1.5. The
relative increase due to the applied electric field for Ni$^{25+}$ is
remarkably lower than that found in previous measurements with lighter
isoelectronic Si$^{11+}$, Cl$^{14+}$ and also Ti$^{19+}$ ions, [T. Bartsch et
al, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 79}, 2233 (1997); {\bf 82}, 3779 (1999) and to be
published] and in contrast to the results for lighter ions no clear dependence
of the electric field enhancement on the magnetic field strength is found. The
Maxwellian plasma rate coefficients for $\Delta n$=0 DR of Ni$^{25+}$ are
enhanced by at most 11% in the presence of the strongest experimentally applied
fields.


title: Post acceleraed Frames

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to similarity to the author's
other paper


title: Semiclassical description of multiphoton processes

abstract:
  We analyze strong field atomic dynamics semiclassically, based on a full
time-dependent description with the Hermann-Kluk propagator. From the
properties of the exact classical trajectories, in particular the accumulation
of action in time, the prominent features of above threshold ionization (ATI)
and higher harmonic generation (HHG) are proven to be interference phenomena.
They are reproduced quantitatively in the semiclassical approximation.
Moreover, the behavior of the action of the classical trajectories supports the
so called strong field approximation which has been devised and postulated for
strong field dynamics.


title:
Structural information from multilamellar liposomes at full hydration:
  full q-range fitting with high quality X-ray data

abstract:
  We present a novel method for analyzing Small Angle X-ray Scattering data on
multilamellar phospholipid bilayer systems at full hydration. The method
utilizes a modified Caille' theory structure factor in combination with a
Gaussian model representation of the electron density profile such that it
accounts also for the diffuse scattering between Bragg peaks. Thus, the method
can retrieve structural information even if only a few orders of diffraction
are observed. We further introduce a new procedure to derive fundamental
parameters, such as area per lipid, membrane thickness, and number of water
molecules per lipid, directly from the electron density profile without the
need of additional volumetric measurements. The theoretical apparatus is
applied to experimental data on
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine liposome preparations.


title:
X-Ray Kinematography of Temperature-Jump Relaxation Probes the Elastic
  Properties of Fluid Bilayers

abstract:
  The response kinetics of liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayer
stacks to rapid, IR-laser induced temperature jumps has been studied by
millisecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The system reacts on the fast
temperature change by a discrete bilayer compression normal to its surface and
a lateral bilayer expansion. Since water cannot diffuse from the excess phase
into the interbilayer water region within the 2 ms duration of the laser pulse,
the water layer has to follow the bilayer expansion, by an anomalous thinning.
Structural analysis of a 20 ms diffraction pattern from the intermediate phase
indicates that the bilayer thickness remains within the limits of isothermal
equilibrium values. Both, the intermediate structure and its relaxation into
the original equilibrium L_(alpha)-phase, depend on the visco-elastic
properties of the bilayer/water system. We present an analysis of the
relaxation process by an overdamped one-dimensional oscillation model revealing
the concepts of Hooke's law for phospholipid bilayers on a supramolecular
basis. The results yield a constant bilayer repulsion and viscosity within
Hooke's regime suggesting that the hydrocarbon chains act as a buffer for the
supplied thermal energy. The bilayer compression is a function of the initial
temperature and the temperature amplitude, but is independent of the chain
length.


title: Josephson effects in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates

abstract:
  We propose an experiment that would demonstrate the ``dc'' and ``ac''
Josephson effects in two weakly linked Bose-Einstein condensates. We consider a
time-dependent barrier, moving adiabatically across the trapping potential. The
phase dynamics are governed by a ``driven-pendulum'' equation, as in
current-driven superconducting Josephson junctions. At a critical velocity of
the barrier (proportional to the critical tunneling current), there is a sharp
transition between the ``dc'' and ``ac'' regimes. The signature is a sudden
jump of a large fraction of the relative condensate population. Analytical
predictions are compared with a full numerical solution of the time dependent
Gross-Pitaevskii equation, in an experimentally realistic situation.


title:
Heat and Kinetic Theory in 19th-Century Physics Textbooks: The Case of
  Spain

abstract:
  Spain was a scientifically backward country in the early 19th-century. The
causes were various political events, the War of Independence, and the reign of
Fernando VII. The introduction of contemporary physics into textbooks was
therefore a slow process. An analysis of the contents of 19th-century Spanish
textbooks is here presented, centred on imponderable fluids, the concept of
energy, the mechanical theory of heat, and the kinetic theory of gases.


title:
The decay of multiscale signals - deterministic model of the Burgers
  turbulence

abstract:
  This work is devoted to the study of the decay of multiscale deterministic
solutions of the unforced Burgers' equation in the limit of vanishing
viscosity.
  A deterministic model of turbulence-like evolution is considered. We con-
struct the initial perturbation as a piecewise linear analog of the Weierstrass
function. The wavenumbers of this function form a "Weierstrass spectrum", which
accumulates at the origin in geometric progression."Reverse" sawtooth functions
with negative initial slope are used in this series as basic functions, while
their amplitudes are chosen by the condition that the distribution of energy
over exponential intervals of wavenumbers is the same as for the continuous
spectrum in Burgers turbulence. Combining these two ideas allows us to obtain
an exact analytical solution for the velocity field. We also notice that such
multiscale waves may be constructed for multidimensional Burgers' equation.
  This solution has scaling exponent h=-(1+n)/2 and its evolution in time is
self-similar with logarithmic periodicity and with the same average law L(t) as
for Burgers turbulence. Shocklines form self-similar regular tree-like struc-
tures. This model also describes important properties of the Burgers turbulence
such as the self-preservation of the evolution of large scale structures in the
presence of small scales perturbations.


title: Multiple scattering of light by atoms in the weak localization regime

abstract:
  Coherent backscattering is a multiple scattering interference effect which
enhances the diffuse reflection off a disordered sample in the backward
direction. Classically, the enhanced intensity is twice the average background
under well chosen experimental conditions. We show how the quantum internal
structure of atomic scatterers leads to a significantly smaller enhancement.
Theoretical results for double scattering in the weak localization regime are
presented which confirm recent experimental observations.


title: Can Science `explain' Consciousness ?

abstract:
  Consciousness is the process by which one attributes `meaning' to the world.
Considering F$\phi$llesdal's definition of `meaning' as the joint product of
all `evidence' that is available to those who `communicate', we conclude that
science can, not only reduce all the {\em evidence} to a Basic Entity (we call
BE), but also can `explain' consciousness once a suitable definition for {\em
communication} is found that exploits the quantum superposition principle to
incorporate the fuzzyness of our experience. Consciousness may be beyond
`computability', but it is not beyond `communicability'.


title: Cosmological Models with Some Variable Constant

abstract:
  Various models are under consideration with metric type flat FRW whose
energy-momentum tensor is described by a perfect fluid whose generic equation
state and taking into account the conservation principle, but considering some
of the constants as variable. A set of solutions through dimensional analysis
is trivially found. The numeric calculations carried out show that the results
obtained are not discordant with those presently observed for cosmological
parameters. However, the model seems irreconcilable with electromagnetic and
quantum quantities. This makes us think that we are working with faulty
hypothesis from the start


title: Jaynes-Cummings model with degenerate atomic levels

abstract:
  The Jaynes-Cummings model describing the interaction of a single linearly-
polarized mode of the quantized electromagnetic field with an isolated two-
level atom is generalized to the case of atomic levels degenerate in the
projections of the angular momenta on the quantization axis, which is a usual
case in the experiments. This generalization, like the original model, obtains
the explicit solution. The model is applied to calculate the dependence of the
atomic level populations on the angle between the polarization of cavity field
mode and that of the laser excitation pulse in the experiment with one-atom
micromaser.


title: Irreversibility and Measurement in Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  Irreversibility is often considered to characterize measurements in quantum
mechanics. Fundamental problems with this characterization are addressed.
First, whether a measurement is made in quantum mechanics is an arbitrary
decision on the part of the experimenter concerning how the experimental
circumstances are structured. Second, how is irreversibility that occurs in
making a measurement explained in terms of a neurophysiological mechanism where
a macroscopic measuring instrument is not required in principle to make the
measurement, as in macroscopic quantum tunneling? Third, how does
irreversibility characterize a negative observation where there is no physical
interaction in the measurement process?


title: On the Nature of Measurement in Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  A number of issues related to measurement show that self-consistency is
lacking in quantum mechanics as this theory has been generally understood. Each
issue is presented as a point in this paper. Each point can be resolved by
incorporating a cognitive component in quantum mechanics. Measurement in
quantum mechanics involves the meaning of the physical circumstances of the
experiment. This meaning is in part independent of what traditionally are
considered purely physical considerations.


title:
Scaling in dynamical Turing pattern formation: density of defects frozen
  into permanent patterns

abstract:
  We estimate density of defects frozen into a biological Turing pattern which
was turned on at a finite rate. A self-locking of gene expression in individual
cells, which makes the Turing transition discontinuous, stabilizes the pattern
together with its defects. A defect-free pattern can be obtained by spatially
inhomogeneous activation of the genes.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat nlin.PS physics.chem-ph q-bio


title:
Thermal expansion in small metal clusters and its impact on the electric
  polarizability

abstract:
  The thermal expansion coefficients of $\mathrm{Na}_{N}$ clusters with $8 \le
N \le 40$ and $\mathrm{Al}_{7}$, $\mathrm{Al}_{13}^-$ and $\mathrm{Al}_{14}^-$
are obtained from {\it ab initio} Born-Oppenheimer LDA molecular dynamics.
Thermal expansion of small metal clusters is considerably larger than that in
the bulk and size-dependent. We demonstrate that the average static electric
dipole polarizability of Na clusters depends linearly on the mean interatomic
distance and only to a minor extent on the detailed ionic configuration when
the overall shape of the electron density is enforced by electronic shell
effects. The polarizability is thus a sensitive indicator for thermal
expansion. We show that taking this effect into account brings theoretical and
experimental polarizabilities into quantitative agreement.


title:
Enhanced photoinduced nematic reorientation in mixture with
  azo-dye-substituted polymer

abstract:
  The optically induced reorientation of nematic liquid crystal doped with
azo-dye substituted polymer is investigated measuring photoinduced
birefringence. These measurement reveal the value (Dn~0.1) of induced
birefringence of liquid crystal with dye polymer which significantly exceeds
the value of birefringence previously obtained in nematic mixture with the low
molecular weight dye. More than one order of enhancement is connected with
lower diffusivity of polymer.


title:
Sampling Properties of the Spectrum and Coherency of Sequences of Action
  Potentials

abstract:
  The spectrum and coherency are useful quantities for characterizing the
temporal correlations and functional relations within and between point
processes. This paper begins with a review of these quantities, their
interpretation and how they may be estimated. A discussion of how to assess the
statistical significance of features in these measures is included. In
addition, new work is presented which builds on the framework established in
the review section. This work investigates how the estimates and their error
bars are modified by finite sample sizes. Finite sample corrections are derived
based on a doubly stochastic inhomogeneous Poisson process model in which the
rate functions are drawn from a low variance Gaussian process. It is found
that, in contrast to continuous processes, the variance of the estimators
cannot be reduced by smoothing beyond a scale which is set by the number of
point events in the interval. Alternatively, the degrees of freedom of the
estimators can be thought of as bounded from above by the expected number of
point events in the interval. Further new work describing and illustrating a
method for detecting the presence of a line in a point process spectrum is also
presented, corresponding to the detection of a periodic modulation of the
underlying rate. This work demonstrates that a known statistical test,
applicable to continuous processes, applies, with little modification, to point
process spectra, and is of utility in studying a point process driven by a
continuous stimulus. While the material discussed is of general applicability
to point processes attention will be confined to sequences of neuronal action
potentials (spike trains) which were the motivation for this work.


title: Evolution of differentiated expression patterns in digital organisms

abstract:
  We investigate the evolutionary processes behind the development and
optimization of multiple threads of execution in digital organisms using the
avida platform, a software package that implements Darwinian evolution on
populations of self-replicating computer programs. The system is seeded with a
linearly executed ancestor capable only of reproducing its own genome, whereas
its underlying language has the capacity for multiple threads of execution
(i.e., simultaneous expression of sections of the genome.) We witness the
evolution to multi-threaded organisms and track the development of distinct
expression patterns. Additionally, we examine both the evolvability of
multi-threaded organisms and the level of thread differentiation as a function
of environmental complexity, and find that differentiation is more pronounced
in complex environments.


title:
Unified Theory of Bivacuum, Particles Duality, Fields & Time. New
  Fundamental Bivacuum Mediated Interaction

abstract:
  Unified theory (UT) means unification of our Bivacuum model, origination of
matter, fields and time from few ground postulates (Kaivarainen, 1995-2006).
The original Bivacuum model considers the positive and negative vacuum as a
superfluid quantum liquid, composed from dipoles: [torus + antitorus] of
opposite energies, charges and magnetic moments, representing collective
excitations of subquantum particles and antiparticles. Such BIVACUUM, is an
infinitive source of Bivacuum fermions (BVF) and Bivacuum bosons (BVB). They
may assemble by 'head-to tail' principle the closed or open Virtual
microtubules (VirMT) and Virtual Guides (VirG) of spin, momentum and energy.
The VirG represent quasi-1D Bose condensate and connect remote coherent
elementary particles. The bundles of VirG composing 3D net in space, provide
the superfluid and nonlocal fraction of Bivacuum. The proposed Dynamic Model of
Corpuscle [C]-Wave [W] duality interrelates the internal (hidden) parameters of
sub-elementary fermions and their external, observable ones. The fusion of
sub-elementary fermions to triplets at their symmetry shift determined by
Golden mean conditions produce electrons, protons and neutrons. The different
kind of Bivacuum matrix perturbation and excitation, accompanied [C-W]
pulsation of elementary fermions and their fast rotation, are responsible for
electrostatic, magnetic and gravitational fields excitation. The pace of time
for any closed system is shown to be determined by pace of internal kinetic
energy change of this system. Our relativistic formula for time contains beside
the velocity also the acceleration.


title:
The Equilibrium Distribution of Gas Molecules Adsorbed on an Active
  Surface

abstract:
  We evaluate the exact equilibrium distribution of gas molecules adsorbed on
an active surface with an infinite number of attachment sites. Our result is a
Poisson distribution having mean $X = {\mu P P_s \over P_e}$, with $\mu$ the
mean gas density, $ P_s$ the sticking probability, $P_e$ the evaporation
probability in a time interval $\tau$, and $P$ Smoluchowski's exit probability
in time interval $\tau$ for the surface in question. We then solve for the case
of a finite number of attachment sites using the mean field approximation,
recovering in this case the Langmuir isotherm.


title: Suppression of Magnetic State Decoherence Using Ultrafast Optical Pulses

abstract:
  It is shown that the magnetic state decoherence produced by collisions in a
thermal vapor can be suppressed by the application of a train of ultrafast
optical pulses.


title:
Coherent and incoherent atomic scattering: Formalism and application to
  pionium interacting with matter

abstract:
  The experimental determination of the lifetime of pionium provides a very
important test on chiral perturbation theory. This quantity is determined in
the DIRAC experiment at CERN. In the analysis of this experiment, the breakup
probabilities of of pionium in matter are needed to high accuracy as a
theoretical input. We study in detail the influence of the target electrons.
They contribute through screening and incoherent effects. We use Dirac-Hartree-
Fock-Slater wavefunctions in order to determine the corresponding form factors.
We find that the inner-shell electrons contribute less than the weakly bound
outer electrons. Furthermore, we establish a more rigorous estimate for the
magnitude of the contributions form the transverse current (magnetic terms thus
far neglected in the calculations).


title:
Gauge symmetry, left-right asymmetry and atom-antiatom systems:
  Coulomb's law as a universal molecular function

abstract:
  We show that Coulomb's law is a universal molecular function. Charge
inversion in one atom (handedness or chirality) generates a switch from
atom-atom to atom-antiatom systems. this switch reduces the 10 term Hamiltonian
for 4-particle systems to only 1 or 2 terms. This reduced parity adapted
Hamiltonian accounts for observed PECs for atom-atom systems (results for 9
bonds are given). Hydrogen-antihydrogen reactions, feasible in the near future,
will produce a normal H(2) molecule, which would solve the problem about the
existence of anti-matter.


title: On mixing times for stratified walks on the d-cube

abstract:
  Using the electric and coupling approaches, we derive a series of results
concerning the mixing times for the stratified random walk on the d-cube,
inspired in the results of Chung and Graham (1997) Stratified random walks on
the n-cube.


title: Performance of discrete heat engines and heat pumps in finite time

abstract:
  The performance in finite time of a discrete heat engine with internal
friction is analyzed. The working fluid of the engine is composed of an
ensemble of noninteracting two level systems. External work is applied by
changing the external field and thus the internal energy levels. The friction
induces a minimal cycle time. The power output of the engine is optimized with
respect to time allocation between the contact time with the hot and cold baths
as well as the adiabats. The engine's performance is also optimized with
respect to the external fields. By reversing the cycle of operation a heat pump
is constructed. The performance of the engine as a heat pump is also optimized.
By varying the time allocation between the adiabats and the contact time with
the reservoir a universal behavior can be identified. The optimal performance
of the engine when the cold bath is approaching absolute zero is studied. It is
found that the optimal cooling rate converges linearly to zero when the
temperature approaches absolute zero.


title:
Electromagnetic interaction between two uniformly moving charged
  particles: a geometrical derivation using Minkowski diagrams

abstract:
  This paper presents an intuitive, geometrical derivation of the relativistic
addition of velocities, and of the electromagnetic interaction between two
uniformly moving charged particles, based on 2 spatial + 1 temporal dimensional
Minkowski diagrams. We calculate the relativistic addition of velocities by
projecting the world-line of the particle on the spatio-temporal planes of the
reference frames considered. We calculate the real component of the electro-
magnetic 4-force, in the proper reference frame of the source particle,
starting from the Coulomb force generated by a charged particle at rest. We
then obtain the imaginary component of the 4-force, in the same reference
frame, from the requirement that the 4-force be orthogonal to the 4-velocity.
The 4-force is then projected on a real 3 dimensional space to get the Lorentz
force.


title:
On the effect of small-scale oceanic variability on topography-generated
  currents

abstract:
  Small-scale oceanic motions, in combination with bottom topography, induce
mean large-scale along-isobaths flows. The direction of these mean flows is
usually found to be anticyclonic (cyclonic) over bumps (depressions). Here we
employ a quasigeostrophic model to show that the current direction of these
topographically induced large-scale flows can be reversed by the small-scale
variability. This result addresses the existence of a new bulk effect from the
small-scale activity that could have strong consequences on the circulation of
the world's ocean.


title:
A non-linear optimal estimation inverse method for radio occultation
  measurements of temperature, humidity and surface pressure

abstract:
  An optimal estimation inverse method is presented which can be used to
retrieve simultaneously vertical profiles of temperature and specific humidity,
in addition to surface pressure, from satellite-to-satellite radio occultation
observations of the Earth's atmosphere. The method is a non-linear, maximum
{\it a posteriori} technique which can accommodate most aspects of the real
radio occultation problem and is found to be stable and to converge rapidly in
most cases. The optimal estimation inverse method has two distinct advantages
over the analytic inverse method in that it accounts for some of the effects of
horizontal gradients and is able to retrieve optimally temperature and humidity
simultaneously from the observations. It is also able to account for
observation noise and other sources of error. Combined, these advantages ensure
a realistic retrieval of atmospheric quantities.
  A complete error analysis emerges naturally from the optimal estimation
theory, allowing a full characterisation of the solution. Using this analysis a
quality control scheme is implemented which allows anomalous retrieval
conditions to be recognised and removed, thus preventing gross retrieval
errors.
  The inverse method presented in this paper has been implemented for bending
angle measurements derived from GPS/MET radio occultation observations of the
Earth. Preliminary results from simulated data suggest that these observations
have the potential to improve NWP model analyses significantly throughout their
vertical range.


title: The Superconducting TESLA Cavities

abstract:
  The conceptional design of the proposed linear electron-positron collider
TESLA is based on 9-cell 1.3 GHz superconducting niobium cavities with an
accelerating gradient of Eacc >= 25 MV/m at a quality factor Q0 > 5E+9. The
design goal for the cavities of the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) linac was set to
the more moderate value of Eacc >= 15 MV/m. In a first series of 27
industrially produced TTF cavities the average gradient at Q0 = 5E+9 was
measured to be 20.1 +- 6.2 MV/m, excluding a few cavities suffering from
serious fabrication or material defects. In the second production of 24 TTF
cavities additional quality control measures were introduced, in particular an
eddy-current scan to eliminate niobium sheets with foreign material inclusions
and stringent prescriptions for carrying out the electron-beam welds. The
average gradient of these cavities at Q0 = 5E+9 amounts to 25.0 +- 3.2 MV/m
with the exception of one cavity suffering from a weld defect. Hence only a
moderate improvement in production and preparation techniques will be needed to
meet the ambitious TESLA goal with an adequate safety margin. In this paper we
present a detailed description of the design, fabrication and preparation of
the TESLA Test Facility cavities and their associated components and report on
cavity performance in test cryostats and with electron beam in the TTF linac.
The ongoing R&D towards higher gradients is briefly addressed.


title: Effective Field Theory for Pedestrians

abstract: A pedagological introduction to effective field theory is presented.


title:
Physical model of Hadrons : Barions and mesons. Physical essence of
  quarks and gluons and physical interpretation of their parameters

abstract:
  The physical model (PhsMdl) of the hadrons is offered by means of the obvious
analogy with the transparent surveyed PhsMdls of the vacuum and leptons in our
recent works. It is assumed that the vacuum is consistent by dynamides,
streamlined in junctions of some tight crystalline lattice. Every dynamide
contains a neutral pair of massless contrary point-like (PntLk) elementary
electric charges (ElmElc Chrgs): electrino $(-)$ and positrino $(+)$. By means
of the existent fundamental analogy between their properties and behaviour we
can understand the similarity and difference between them and assume that the
quark parameter aroma is determined by the value of its size of its circular
two-dimensional motion, while the quark parameter colour is determined by
orientation of the flat of the same circular two-dimensional motion in the
space. The colorless of the barions is explained by distribution of the same
circular two-dimensional motion of its elementary electric charge within three
mutually perpendicular flats. Then the exchange of the colors between two
quarks with different colors within some hadron can be interpretated as some
twisting of same hadron in the space. We give a new obvious physical
interpretation of the charge values of quarks, which gives some explanation of
angles of Cabibo and Weynberg. By some physical supposition about the structure
of charged intermediate vector bozon $W$ and uncharged intermediate vector
bozon $Z$ we have possibility to explain as the physical essence of the strong,
weak and electromagnetic interactions, so the outline of all births,
transformations and decays of the ElmPrts.


title:
Physical model of leptons : Massive electrons, muons, tauons and their
  massless neutrons

abstract:
  The physical model (PhsMdl) of the leptons is offered by means of the PhsMdls
of the vacuum and electron,described in our recent works. It is assumed that
the vacuum is consistent by dynamides, streamlined in junctions of some tight
crystalline lattice. Every dynamide contains a neutral pair of massless
point-like (PntLk) contrary elementary electric charges (ElmElcChrgs):
electrino $(-)$ and positrino $(+)$. The PntLk ElmElcChrgs of the massless
electrino and positrino of some dynamide in the fluctuated vacuum may been
excited or deviated by means of some energy, introduced by some photon or other
micro particles (MicrPrts). The massless leptons (neutrinos) are neutral
long-living solitary spherical vortical oscillation excitations of the
uncharged fluctuating vacuum. The massive leptons are charged long-living
solitary spherical vortical excitations of its fine spread (FnSpr) elementary
electric charge (ElmElcChrg). So-called zitterbewegung is self-consistent
strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of the FnSpr ElmElcChrg
of massive leptons. Different leptons have different self-consistent
strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of different sizes of
their FnSpr ElmElcChrg, which is determined by their Kompton length $\lambda
=\frac{h}{m C} $, where $m$ is the mass of the massive leptons. At mutual
transition of one massive lepton into another massive lepton its PntLk
ElmElcChrg move up by dint of weak interaction in the form of the charged
intermediate vector meson $W$ from one self-consistent strong-correlated
vortical harmonic oscillation motion of one size into another self-consistent
strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of another size.


title: Light propagation control by finite-size effects in photonic crystals

abstract:
  We exhibit the strong influence on light propagation of the finite size in
photonic band-gap material. We show that light emission can be controlled by
the symmetry group of the boundary of the finite device. These results lead
simply to important practical applications.


title: On the genealogy of a population of biparental individuals

abstract:
  If one goes backward in time, the number of ancestors of an individual
doubles at each generation. This exponential growth very quickly exceeds the
population size, when this size is finite. As a consequence, the ancestors of a
given individual cannot be all different and most remote ancestors are repeated
many times in any genealogical tree. The statistical properties of these
repetitions in genealogical trees of individuals for a panmictic closed
population of constant size N can be calculated. We show that the distribution
of the repetitions of ancestors reaches a stationary shape after a small number
Gc ~ log N of generations in the past, that only about 80% of the ancestral
population belongs to the tree (due to coalescence of branches), and that two
trees for individuals in the same population become identical after Gc
generations have elapsed. Our analysis is easy to extend to the case of
exponentially growing population.


title: Is there a universality of the helix-coil transition in protein models?

abstract:
  The similarity in the thermodynamic properties of two completely different
theoretical models for the helix-coil transition is examined critically. The
first model is an all-atomic representation for a poly-alanine chain, while the
second model is a minimal helix-forming model that contains no system
specifics. Key characteristics of the helix-coil transition, in particular, the
effective critical exponents of these two models agree with each other, within
a finite-size scaling analysis.


title: Ultra-refraction phenomena in Bragg mirrors

abstract:
  We show numerically for the first time that ultra-refractive phenomena do
exist in one-dimensional photonic crystals: we exhibit the main features of
ultra-refraction, that is the enlargement and the splitting of an incident
beam. We give a very simple explanation of these phenomena in terms of the
photonic band structure of these media.


title:
Auroral field-aligned currents by incoherent scatter plasma line
  observations in the E region

abstract:
  The aim of the Swedish-Japanese EISCAT campaign in February 1999 was to
measure the ionospheric parameters inside and outside the auroral arcs. The ion
line radar experiment was optimised to probe the E-region and lower F-region
with as high a speed as possible. Two extra channels were used for the plasma
line measurements covering the same altitudes, giving a total of 3 upshifted
and 3 downshifted frequency bands of 25 kHz each. For most of the time the
shifted channels were tuned to 3 (both), 4 (up), 5.5 (down) and 6.5 (both) MHz.
Weak signals are seen whenever the radar is probing the diffuse aurora,
corresponding to the relatively low plasma frequencies. At times when auroral
arcs pass the radar beam, significant increases in return power are observed.
Many cases with simultaneously up and down shifted plasma lines are recorded.
In spite of the rather active environment, the highly optimised measurements
enable investigation of the properties of the plasma lines. A modified
theoretical incoherent scatter spectrum is used to explain the measurements.
The general trend is an upgoing field-aligned current in the diffuse aurora,
confirmed with a full fit of the combined ion and plasma line spectra. There
are also cases with strong suprathermal currents indicated by large differences
in signal strength between up- and downshifted plasma lines.


title:
Asynchronous accelerator with RFQ injection for active longitudinal
  compression of accelerated bunches

abstract:
  An asynchronous accelerator is described, in which the principle of its
operation permits the active longitudinal bunch compression of accelerated
proton beams, to overcome the space charge limitation effects of intense
bunches. It is shown that accelerated bunches from an RFQ linac can be adapted
for Asynchronac injection for a multiple of choices in the acceleration
frequencies of the RFQ and the Asynchronac. The offered new type of accelerator
system is especially suitable to accelerate proton beams for up to 100MeV
energy and hundreds of mA average current.


title:
Diffraction Radiation Diagnostics for Moderate to High Energy Charged
  Particle Beams

abstract:
  Diffraction radiation (DR) is produced when a charged particle passes through
an aperture or near a discontinuity in the media in which it is traveling. DR
is closely related to transition radiation (TR), which is produced when a
charged particle traverses the boundary between media with different dielectric
constants. In contrast to TR, which is now extensively used for beam diagnostic
purposes, the potential of DR as a non-interceptive, multi-parameter beam
diagnostic remains largely undeveloped. For diagnostic measurements it is
useful to observe backward reflected DR from an circular aperture or slit
inclined with respect to the beam velocity. However, up to now, well founded
equations for the spectral-angular intensities of backward DR from such
apertures have not been available. We present a new derivation of the spectral
angular intensity of backward DR produced from an inclined slit for two
orientations of the slit axis, i.e. perpendicular and parallel to the plane of
incidence. Our mathematical approach is generally applicable to any geometry
and simpler than the Wiener Hofp method previously used to calculate DR from
single knife edges. Our results for the slit are applied to the measurement of
orthogonal beam size and divergence components. We discuss the problem of
separating the simultaneous effects of these beam parameters on the angular
distribution of DR and provide solutions to this difficulty. These incude using
the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the radiation from a
single slit and interferences from two inclined slits. Examples of DR
diagnostics for a 500 MeV beam are presented and the current limitations to the
technique are discussed.


title: Comments on the Paper "On the Unification of the Fundamental Forces"

abstract:
  In this brief paper we justify observations made in El Naschie's paper "On
the Unification of the Fundamental Forces...", on the Planck scale, fractal
space time and the unification of interactions, from different standpoints.


abstract:
  All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of
elementary particles. The periodic table is derived from dualities of string
theory and a Kaluza-Klein substructure for the six extra spatial dimensions. As
a molecule is the composite of atoms with chemical bonds, a hadron is the
composite of elementary particles with hadronic bonds. The masses of elementary
particles and hadrons can be calculated using the periodic table with only four
known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the superstring,
the mass of electron, the mass of Z=B0, and the fine structure constant for the
magnetic field. The calculated masses are in good agreement with the observed
values. For examples, the calculated masses for the top quark, neutron, and
pion are 176.5 GeV, 939.54MeV, and 135.01MeV in excellent agreement with the
observed masses, 176 =B1 13 GeV, 939.57 MeV, and 134.98 MeV, respectively. The
masses of 110 hadrons are calculated. The overall average difference between
the calculated masses and the observed masses for all hadrons is 0.29 MeV. The
periodic table of elementary particles provides the most comprehensive
explanation and calculation for the masses of elementary particles and hadrons.


title: From the Neutrino to the Edge of the Universe

abstract:
  Two recent findings necessitate a closer look at the existing standard models
of Particle Physics and Cosmology. These are the discovery of Neutrino
oscillation, and hence a non zero mass on the one hand and, on the other,
observations of distant supernovae which indicate that contrary to popular
belief, the universe would continue to expand for ever, possibly accelerating
in the process. In this paper it is pointed out that relatively recent studies
which indicate a stochastic, quantum vacuum underpinning and a fractal
structure for space time, reconcile both of the recent observations,
harmoniously.


title: Generalized oscillator strength for Na 3s-3p transition

abstract:
  Generalized oscillator strengths (GOS's) for the Na $3s -3p$ transition have
been investigated using the spin-polarized technique of the random phase
approximation with exchange (RPAE) and the first Born approximation (FBA),
focussing our attention on the position of the minimum. Intershell correlations
are found to influence the position of the minimum significantly, but hardly
that of the maximum. The RPAE calculation predicts for the first time the
positions of the minimum and maximum at momentum transfer, $K$ values of 1.258
a.u. and 1.61 a.u., respectively. The former value is within the range of
values extracted from experimental measurements, $K=1.0-1.67$ a.u.. We
recommend careful experimental search for the minimum around the predicted
value for confirmation.


title:
Electron-drift driven ion-acoustic mode in a dusty plasma with
  collisional effects

abstract:
  Instabilities of ion-acoustic waves in a dusty plasma with electron-drift,
collisional, and dust charge fluctuations effects, have been investigated. The
regimes are clearly marked out where the theory is applicable. The critical
electron-drift velocity required to drive the instability is predicted. It is
also shown that electron thermal conductivity and charged grains concentration
enhance the growth of the ion-acoustic mode whereas ion-viscosity, ion-thermal
conductivity, and dust charge fluctuations have a stabilizing effect.


title:
Magnetic Field Dependence of Ultracold Inelastic Collisions near a
  Feshbach Resonance

abstract:
  Inelastic collision rates for ultracold $^{85}$Rb atoms in the F=2 m$_{f}$=-2
state have been measured as a function of magnetic field. Dramatic change in
the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance at 155 G was observed. Similar to the
elastic rate, the inelastic rates show a high peak and a deep trough. Both two-
and three-body processes are important, and individual contributions have been
determined and compared with theory. This work has made it possible to create
an $^{85}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate with a highly adjustable scattering
length.


title:
A New Hypothesis for Layers of High Reflectivity Seen in MST Radar
  Observations

abstract:
  Analysis of MST radar observations at Gadanki (near Tirupati, India), for a
period of 14 months from 1995 September to 1996 November, shows that "Clear air
Turbulence" is not the primary source of high MST radar reflectivity; this
conventional idea needs to be modified. An alternative hypothesis based on the
microphysics and microdynamics associated with aerosols and water substance in
the atmosphere, is presented here.


title:
Wavelet Cross-Correlation Analysis of Turbulent Mixing from
  Large-Eddy-Simulations

abstract:
  The complex interactions existing between turbulence and mixing in a
bluff-body stabilised flame configuration is investigated by means of a wavelet
cross-correlation analysis on Large Eddy Simulations. The combined approach
allows to better point out typical features of unsteady turbulent flows with
mixing through the characterisation of the processes involved both in time and
scales. The wavelet cross-correlation analysis of the time signals of velocity
and mixture fraction fluctuations can be an an effective tool to study the
processes involved in turbulent mixing flows which are of great interest in
combustion problems.


title: Can spontaneous symmetry breaking occur in potential with one minima?

abstract:
  Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when the symmetry that a physical system
possesses, is not preserved for the ground state of the system. Although the
procedure of symmetry breaking is quite clear from the mathematical point of
view, the physical interpretation of the phenomenon is worth to be better
understood. In this note we present a simple and instructive example of the
symmetry breaking in a mechanical system. It demonstrates that the spontaneous
symmetry breaking can occur for the spatially extended solutions in a potential
characterised by a single minimum.


title:
Energy distribution analysis of the wavepacket simulations of CH4 and
  CD4 scattering

abstract:
  The isotope effect in the scattering of methane is studied by wavepacket
simulations of oriented CH4 and CD4 molecules from a flat surface including all
nine internal vibrations. At a translational energy up to 96 kJ/mol we find
that the scattering is still predominantly elastic, but less so for CD4. Energy
distribution analysis of the kinetic energy per mode and the potential energy
surface terms, when the molecule hits the surface, are used in combination with
vibrational excitations and the corresponding deformation. They indicate that
the orientation with three bonds pointing towards the surface is mostly
responsible for the isotope effect in the methane dissociation.


title: The Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Water Stream Self-Purification

abstract:
  The self-purification process of water streams is studied and the
physical-chemical mechanism of it is determined. The naturally occurring
self-purification process at the Boyne River site is monitored. Experiments at
several creeks and rivers in GTA area that induced the self-purification
process are provided. As a result, the concentration of polluting agents in the
water decreases up to 100 % depending on the site and pollutants.