title: Detection of NMR signals with a radio-frequency atomic magnetometer

abstract:
  We demonstrate detection of proton NMR signals with a radio frequency atomic
magnetometer tuned to the NMR frequency of 62 kHz. High-frequency operation of
the atomic magnetometer makes it relatively insensitive to ambient magnetic
field noise. We obtain magnetic field sensitivity of 7 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$ using only
a thin aluminum shield. We also derive an expression for the fundamental
sensitivity limit of a surface inductive pick-up coil as a function of
frequency and find that an atomic rf magnetometer is intrinsically more
sensitive than a coil of comparable size for frequencies below about 50 MHz.


title: Statistical regimes of random laser fluctuations

abstract:
  Statistical fluctuations of the light emitted from amplifying random media
are studied theoretically and numerically. The characteristic scales of the
diffusive motion of light lead to Gaussian or power-law (Levy) distributed
fluctuations depending on external control parameters. In the Levy regime, the
output pulse is highly irregular leading to huge deviations from a mean--field
description. Monte Carlo simulations of a simplified model which includes the
population of the medium, demonstrate the two statistical regimes and provide a
comparison with dynamical rate equations. Different statistics of the
fluctuations helps to explain recent experimental observations reported in the
literature.


title:
Generation of Arbitrary Frequency Chirps with a Fiber-Based Phase
  Modulator and Self-Injection-Locked Diode Laser

abstract:
  We present a novel technique for producing pulses of laser light whose
frequency is arbitrarily chirped. The output from a diode laser is sent through
a fiber-optical delay line containing a fiber-based electro-optical phase
modulator. Upon emerging from the fiber, the phase-modulated pulse is used to
injection-lock the laser and the process is repeated. Large phase modulations
are realized by multiple passes through the loop while the high optical power
is maintained by self-injection-locking after each pass. Arbitrary chirps are
produced by driving the modulator with an arbitrary waveform generator.


title:
Exceeding the Manley-Rowe quantum efficiency limit in an optically
  pumped THz amplifier

abstract:
  Using a microscopic theory based on the Maxwell-semiconductor Bloch
equations, we investigate the possibility of an optically-assisted
electrically-driven THz quantum cascade laser. Whereas in optical conversion
schemes the power conversion efficiency is limited by the Manley-Rowe relation,
the proposed optically-assisted scheme can achieve higher efficiency by
coherently recovering the optical pump energy. Furthermore, due to quantum
coherence effects the detrimental effects of scattering are mitigated.


title: Photon counting statistics using a digital oscilloscope

abstract:
  We present a photon counting experiment designed for an undergraduate physics
laboratory. The statistics of the number of photons of a pseudo-thermal light
source is studied in two limiting cases: much longer and much shorter than the
coherence time, giving Poisson and Bose-Einstein distributions, respectively.
The experiment can be done in a reasonable time using a digital oscilloscope
without the need of counting boards. The use of the oscilloscope has the
advantage of allowing the storage of the data for further processing. The
stochastic nature of the detection phenomena adds additional value because
students are forced to do data processing and analysis.


title: Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer

abstract:
  We investigate whether, and to what extent, the physical phenomenon of
long-lifetime resonant electromagnetic states with localized slowly-evanescent
field patterns can be used to transfer energy efficiently over non-negligible
distances, even in the presence of extraneous environmental objects. Via
detailed theoretical and numerical analyses of typical real-world
model-situations and realistic material parameters, we establish that such a
non-radiative scheme could indeed be practical for medium-range wireless energy
transfer.


title:
Early Greek Thought and Perspectives for the Interpretation of Quantum
  Mechanics: Preliminaries to an Ontological Approach

abstract:
  It will be shown in this article that an ontological approach for some
problems related to the interpretation of Quantum Mechanics could emerge from a
re-evaluation of the main paradox of early Greek thought: the paradox of Being
and non-Being, and the solutions presented to it by Plato and Aristotle.
Plato's and Aristotle's systems are argued here to do on the ontological level
essentially the same: to introduce stability in the world by introducing the
notion of a separable, stable object, for which a principle of contradiction is
valid: an object cannot be and not-be at the same place at the same time. After
leaving Aristotelian metaphysics, early modern science had to cope with these
problems: it did so by introducing ``space'' as the seat of stability, and
``time'' as the theater of motion. But the ontological structure present in
this solution remained the same. Therefore the fundamental notion `separable
system', related to the notions observation and measurement, themselves related
to the modern concepts of space and time, appears to be intrinsically
problematic, because it is inextricably connected to classical logic on the
ontological level. We see therefore the problems dealt with by quantum logic
not as merely formal, and the problem of `non-locality' as related to it,
indicating the need to re-think the notions `system', `entity', as well as the
implications of the operation `measurement', which is seen here as an
application of classical logic (including its ontological consequences) on the
material world.


title: Swarm-Oscillators

abstract:
  Nonlinear coupling between inter- and intra-element dynamics appears as a
collective behaviour of elements. The elements in this paper denote symptoms
such as a bacterium having an internal network of genes and proteins, a
reactive droplet, a neuron in networks, etc. In order to elucidate the
capability of such systems, a simple and reasonable model is derived. This
model exhibits the rich patterns of systems such as cell membrane, cell fusion,
cell growing, cell division, firework, branch, and clustered clusters
(self-organized hierarchical structure, modular network). This model is
extremely simple yet powerful; therefore, it is expected to impact several
disciplines.


title:
Possible Zero-Flux Transport induced by Density Waves in a Tube filled
  with Solid Helium

abstract:
  Macroscopic derivation of the entrainment in a supersolid cylinder induced by
a surface elastic wave (of small amplitude) propagating along the flexible
interface is conducted by considering the nonlinear coupling between the
interface and the rarefaction effect. We obtain the critical bounds for
zero-volume-flow-rate states corresponding to specific rarefaction measure and
wave number which is relevant to the rather small critical velocity or
disappearance of supersolid flows reported by Rittner and Reppy.


title: $^{87}$Sr lattice clock with inaccuracy below 10$^{-15}$

abstract:
  Aided by ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, the overall systematic
uncertainty of the $^{1}S_{0}$-$^{3}P_{0}$ clock resonance for lattice-confined
$^{87}$Sr has been characterized to $9\times10^{-16}$. This uncertainty is at a
level similar to the Cs-fountain primary standard, while the potential
stability for the lattice clocks exceeds that of Cs. The absolute frequency of
the clock transition has been measured to be 429,228,004,229,874.0(1.1) Hz,
where the $2.5\times10^{-15}$ fractional uncertainty represents the most
accurate measurement of a neutral-atom-based optical transition frequency to
date.


title:
A two-phase argon avalanche detector operated in a single electron
  counting mode

abstract:
  The performance of a two-phase Ar avalanche detector in a single electron
counting mode was studied, with regard to potential application in coherent
neutrino-nucleus scattering and dark matter search experiments. The detector
comprised of a 1 cm thick liquid Ar layer and a triple-GEM multiplier operated
in the saturated vapour above the liquid phase. Successful operation of the
detector in single electron counting mode, in the gain range from 6000 to
40000, has for the first time been demonstrated.


title: Realization of SOC behavior in a dc glow discharge plasma

abstract:
  Experimental observations consistent with Self Organized Criticality (SOC)
have been obtained in the electrostatic floating potential fluctuations of a dc
glow discharge plasma. Power spectrum exhibits a power law which is compatible
with the requirement for SOC systems. Also the estimated value of the Hurst
exponent (self similarity parameter), H being greater than 0.5, along with an
algebraic decay of the autocorrelation function, indicate the presence of
temporal long-range correlations, as may be expected from SOC dynamics. This
type of observations in our opinion has been reported for the first time in a
glow discharge system.


title:
Year ahead prediction of US landfalling hurricane numbers: the optimal
  combination of multiple levels of activity since 1900

abstract:
  In earlier work we considered methods for predicting future levels of
hurricane activity based on the assumption that historical mean activity was at
one constant level from 1900 to 1994, and has been at another constant level
since then. We now make this model a little more subtle, and account for the
possibility of four different levels of mean hurricane activity since 1900.


title:
An objective change-point analysis of historical Atlantic hurricane
  numbers

abstract:
  We perform an objective change-point analysis on 106 years of historical
hurricane number data. The algorithm we use looks at all possible combinations
of change-points and compares them in terms of the variances of the differences
between real and modelled numbers. Overfitting is avoided by using
cross-validation. We identify four change-points, and show that the presence of
temporal structure in the hurricane number time series is highly statistically
significant.


title:
Level-crossing spectroscopy of the 7, 9, and 10D_5/2 states of 133Cs and
  validation of relativistic many-body calculations of the polarizabilities and
  hyperfine constants

abstract:
  We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the
polarizabilities and hyperfine constants of D_J states in 133Cs for J=3/2 and
J=5/2. New experimental values for the hyperfine constant A are obtained from
level-crossing signals of the (7,9,10)D_5/2 states of 133Cs and precise
calculations of the tensor polarizabilities alpha_2. The results of
relativistic many-body calculations for scalar and tensor polarizabilities of
the (5-10)D_3/2 and (5-10)D_5/2 states are presented and compared with measured
values from the literature. Calculated values of the hyperfine constants A for
these states are also presented and checked for consistency with experimental
values.


title:
Systematic Characterization of Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Field
  Data Applicable to Solar Orbiter

abstract:
  We present a systematic and physically motivated characterization of
incoherent or coherent electric and magnetic fields, as measured for instance
by the low frequency receiver on-board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The
characterization utilizes the 36 auto/cross correlations of the 3+3 complex
Cartesian components of the electric and magnetic fields; hence, they are
second order in the field strengths and so have physical dimension energy
density. Although such 6x6 correlation matrices have been successfully employed
on previous space missions, they are not physical quantities; because they are
not manifestly space-time tensors. In this paper we propose a systematic
representation of the 36 degrees-of-freedom of partially coherent
electromagnetic fields as a set of manifestly covariant space-time tensors,
which we call the Canonical Electromagnetic Observables (CEO). As an example,
we apply this formalism to analyze real data from a chorus emission in the
mid-latitude magnetosphere, as registered by the STAFF-SA instrument on board
the Cluster-II spacecraft. We find that the CEO analysis increases the amount
of information that can be extracted from the STAFF-SA dataset; for instance,
the reactive energy flux density, which is one of the CEO parameters,
identifies the source region of electromagnetic emissions more directly than
the active energy (Poynting) flux density alone.


title: A Method for Increasing the Resolution of Optical Detectors

abstract:
  In addition to the optical aberrations, the magnitude of the optical cells of
detectors is one of the most important parameters, which restricts the
resolution of detectors. Adaptive optic and the methods of reducing the
aberrations are often used to increase the resolution of optical systems. In
the best situation the image structures, which are larger than the magnitude of
the cells, are detected and the finer structures are removed. In this paper, a
new method for increasing the resolution of images is presented. In this
method, the cells will scan the images by a piezoelectric crystal. The
piezoelectric crystal moves the cells in n identical steps. In each step, cells
move 1/n of the cell magnitude and the data are recorded. Finally, data are
analyzed and the structure of images is reconstructed. In this method, the
structure of images is n times finer than the cells magnitude.


title: Pixel Vertex Detectors

abstract:
  Pixel vertex detectors are THE instrument of choice for the tracking of
charged particles close to the interaction point at the LHC. Hybrid pixel
detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute
the present state of the art in detector technology. Three of the LHC detectors
use vertex detectors based on this technology. A development period of almost
10 years has resulted in pixel detector modules which can stand the extreme
rate and timing requirements as well as the very harsh radiation environment at
the LHC for its full life time and without severe compromises in performance.
This lecture reviews the physics and technology of pixel detectors for tracking
and vertexing at the LHC.


title: Accelerator Technology for the Mankind

abstract:
  Particle accelerators technology is one of the generic technologies which is
locomotive of the development in almost all fields of science and technology.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy: "Accelerators underpin every
activity of the Office of Science and, increasingly, of the entire scientific
enterprise. From biology to medicine, from materials to metallurgy, from
elementary particles to the cosmos, accelerators provide the microscopic
information that forms the basis for scientific understanding and applications.
The combination of ground and satellite based observatories and particle
accelerators will advance our understanding of our world, our galaxy, our
universe, and ourselves." Because of this, accelerator technology should become
widespread all over the world. Existing situation shows that a large portion of
the world, namely the South and Mid-East, is poor on the accelerator
technology. UNESCO has recognized this deficit and started SESAME project in
Mid-East, namely Jordan. Turkic Accelerator Complex (TAC) project is more
comprehensive and ambitious project, from the point of view of it includes
light sources, particle physics experiments and proton and secondary beam
applications. At this stage, TAC project includes: Linac-ring type charm
factory Synchrotron light source based on positron ring Free electron laser
based on electron linac GeV scale proton accelerator TAC-Test Facility.
  First part of this presentation is devoted to general status of particle
accelerators around the world. The second part deal with the status of the TAC
proposal.


title: Aether Theory Clock Retardation vs. Special Relativity Time Dilation

abstract:
  Assuming a model of aether non-entrained by the motion of celestial bodies,
one can provide a rational explanation of the experimental processes affecting
the measurement of time when clocks are in motion. Contrary to special
relativity, aether theory does not assume that the time itself is affected by
motion; the reading displayed by the moving clocks results from two facts: 1/
Due to their movement through the aether, they tick at a slower rate than in
the aether frame. 2/ The usual synchronization procedures generate a
synchronism discrepancy effect. These facts give rise to an alteration of the
measurement of time which, as we shall show, exactly explains the experimental
results. In particular, they enable to solve an apparent paradox that special
relativity cannot explain (see chapter 4). When the measurement distortions are
corrected, the time proves to be the same in all co-ordinate systems moving
away from one another with rectilinear uniform motion. These considerations
strongly support the existence of a privileged aether frame. The consequences
concern special relativity (SR) as well as general relativity (GR) which is an
extension of SR. We should note that Einstein himself became conscious of the
necessity of the aether from 1916, in contrast with conventional relativity.
Yet the model of aether presented here differs from Einsein in that it assumes
the existence of an aether drift, in agreement with the discoveries of G.F.
Smoot and his co-workers listed in Smoot Nobel Lecture, December 8th 2006.
Although it makes reference to previous studies, this text remains
self-sufficient.


title: The effects of degree correlations on network topologies and robustness

abstract:
  Complex networks have been applied to model numerous interactive nonlinear
systems in the real world. Knowledge about network topology is crucial for
understanding the function, performance and evolution of complex systems. In
the last few years, many network metrics and models have been proposed to
illuminate the network topology, dynamics and evolution. Since these network
metrics and models derive from a wide range of studies, a systematic study is
required to investigate the correlations between them. The present paper
explores the effect of degree correlation on the other network metrics through
studying an ensemble of graphs where the degree sequence (set of degrees) is
fixed. We show that to some extent, the characteristic path length, clustering
coefficient, modular extent and robustness of networks are directly influenced
by the degree correlation.


title:
An Analysis of the Expected Degradation of Silicon Detectors in the
  Future Ultra High Energy Facilities

abstract:
  In this contribution we discuss how to prepare some possible detectors - only
silicon option being considered, for the new era of HEP challenges because the
bulk displacement damage in the detector, consequence of irradiation, produces
effects at the device level that limit their long time utilisation, increasing
the leakage current and the depletion potential, eventually up to breakdown,
and thus affecting the lifetime of detector systems. Physical phenomena that
conduce to the degradation of the detector are analysed both at the material
and device levels, and some predictions of the time degradation of silicon
detectors in the radiation environments expected in the LHC machine upgrade in
luminosity and energy as SLHC or VLHC, or at ULHC are given. Possible effects
at the detector level after high energy cosmic proton bombardment are
investigated as well. Time dependences of these device parameters are studied
in conditions of continuous irradiation and the technological options for
detector materials are discussed, to obtain devices harder to radiation.


title:
Time dependence of the behaviour of silicon detectors in intense
  radiation fields and the role of primary point defects

abstract:
  The bulk displacement damage in the detector, produces effects at the device
level that limits the long time utilisation of detectors as position sensitive
devices and thus the lifetime of detector systems. So, the prediction of time
behaviour of detectors in hostile radiation environments represents a very
useful tool. In this contribution we predict the time degradation of silicon
detectors in the radiation environments expected in the LHC machine upgrade in
luminosity and energy as SLHC, for detectors fabricated from silicon crystals
obtained by different growth technologies, in the frame of the model developed
by the authors, and which takes into account the contribution of primary
defects.


title:
A Study of Monolithic CMOS Pixel Sensors Back-thinning and their
  Application for a Pixel Beam Telescope

abstract:
  This paper reports results on a detailed study of charge collection and
signal-to-noise performance of CMOS monolithic pixel sensors before and after
back-thinning and their application in a pixel beam telescope for the ALS 1.5
GeV $e^-$ beam test facility.


title:
Equilibrium statistical mechanics for single waves and wave spectra in
  Langmuir wave-particle interaction

abstract:
  Under the conditions of weak Langmuir turbulence, a self-consistent
wave-particle Hamiltonian models the effective nonlinear interaction of a
spectrum of M waves with N resonant out-of-equilibrium tail electrons. In order
to address its intrinsically nonlinear time-asymptotic behavior, a Monte Carlo
code was built to estimate its equilibrium statistical mechanics in both the
canonical and microcanonical ensembles. First the single wave model is
considered in the cold beam/plasma instability and in the O'Neil setting for
nonlinear Landau damping. O'Neil's threshold, that separates nonzero
time-asymptotic wave amplitude states from zero ones, is associated to a second
order phase transition. These two studies provide both a testbed for the Monte
Carlo canonical and microcanonical codes, with the comparison with exact
canonical results, and an opportunity to propose quantitative results to
longstanding issues in basic nonlinear plasma physics. Then the properly
speaking weak turbulence framework is considered through the case of a large
spectrum of waves. Focusing on the small coupling limit, as a benchmark for the
statistical mechanics of weak Langmuir turbulence, it is shown that Monte Carlo
microcanonical results fully agree with an exact microcanonical derivation. The
wave spectrum is predicted to collapse towards small wavelengths together with
the escape of initially resonant particles towards low bulk plasma thermal
speeds. This study reveals the fundamental discrepancy between the long-time
dynamics of single waves, that can support finite amplitude steady states, and
of wave spectra, that cannot.


title: Fractal Dimensionof the El Salvador Earthquake (2001) time Series

abstract:
  We have estimated multifractal spectrum of the El Salvador earthquake signal
recorded at different locations.


title: Nuclear Track Detectors for Particle Searches

abstract:
  In this paper we report a search for intermediate mass magnetic monopoles and
nuclearites using CR39 and Makrofol Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) of the SLIM
large area experiment, 440 m^2 exposed at the high altitude laboratory of
Chacaltaya (Bolivia) and about 100 m^2 at Koksil, Himalaya (Pakistan). We
discuss the new chemical etching and improved analysis of the SLIM CR39 sheets.
Preliminary limits are based on 316 $m^2$ of CR39 NTDs exposed for 3.9 y.


title: A Low-Noise High-Density Alkali Metal Scalar Magnetometer

abstract:
  We present an experimental and theoretical study of a scalar atomic
magnetometer using an oscillating field-driven Zeeman resonance in a
high-density optically-pumped potassium vapor. We describe an experimental
implementation of an atomic gradiometer with a noise level below 10
fT/Hz^{1/2}, fractional field sensitivity below 10^{-9}/Hz^{1/2}, and an active
measurement volume of about 1.5 cm^3. We show that the fundamental field
sensitivity of a scalar magnetometer is determined by the rate of alkali-metal
spin-exchange collisions even though the resonance linewidth can be made much
smaller than the spin-exchange rate by pumping most atoms into a stretched spin
state.


title:
An objective change point analysis of landfalling historical Atlantic
  hurricane numbers

abstract:
  In previous work we have analysed the Atlantic basin hurricane number
time-series to identify decadal time-scale change points. We now repeat the
analysis but for US landfalling hurricanes. The results are very different.


title: On the effective permittivity of silver-insulator nanocomposites

abstract:
  The Bruggeman formalism provides an estimate of the effective permittivity of
a composite material comprising two constituent materials, with each
constituent material being composed of electrically small particles. When one
of the constituent materials is silver and the other is an insulating material,
the Bruggeman estimate of the effective permittivity of the composite exhibits
resonances with respect to volume fraction that are not physically plausible.


title:
Laboratory Limits on Temporal Variations of Fundamental Constants: An
  Update

abstract:
  Precision comparisons of different atomic frequency standards over a period
of a few years can be used for a sensitive search for temporal variations of
fundamental constants. We present recent frequency measurements of the 688 THz
transition in the $^{171}$Yb$^+$ ion. For this transition frequency a record
over six years is now available, showing that a possible frequency drift
relative to a cesium clock can be constrained to $(-0.54\pm0.97)$ Hz/yr, i.e.
at the level of $2\cdot10^{-15}$ per year. Combined with precision frequency
measurements of an optical frequency in $^{199}$Hg$^+$ and of the hyperfine
ground state splitting in $^{87}$Rb a stringent limit on temporal variations of
the fine structure constant $\alpha$: $d\ln\alpha /dt= (-0.26\pm0.39)\cdot
10^{-15} {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and a model-dependent limit for variations of the
proton-to-electron mass ratio $\mu$ in the present epoch can be derived: $d \ln
\mu/dt = (-1.2 \pm 2.2)\cdot 10^{-15} {\rm yr}^{-1}$. We discuss these results
in the context of astrophysical observations that apparently indicate changes
in both of these constants over the last 5--10 billion years.


title: Should there be more women in science and engineering?

abstract:
  Many people hold this truth to be self-evident, that there should be more
female students in science and engineering. Typical arguments include possible
benefits to women, possible benefits to the economy, and the unfairness of the
current female under-representation. However, these justifications are never
explicitly and thoroughly presented. Clearly stating and scrutinizing them, we
show that they in fact have logical flaws. When made consistent, these
arguments do not unconditionally justify enrolling more women in scientific
disciplines. In particular, what women want must be taken into account.
Outreach programs towards K-12 girls must therefore purport to allow them to
choose a field freely, rather than try to draw as many of them to scientific
disciplines as possible. This change of mindset must be accompanied by a close
examination of the purpose and effects of these programs.
  Keywords: female students, higher education, university, ethics, policy,
outreach programs, minority students


title:
Molecular configurations in a droplet detachment process of a complex
  liquid

abstract:
  We studied the microscopic polymer conformations in the droplet detachment
process of an elastic semi-dilute polyelectrolytic Xanthan solution by
measuring the instantaneous birefringence. As in earlier studies, we observe
the suppression of the finite time singularity of the pinch-off process and the
occurrence of an elastic filament. Our microscopic measurements reveal that the
relatively stiff Xanthan molecules are already significantly pre-stretched to
about 90 % of their final extension at the moment the filament appears. At
later stages of the detachment process, we find evidence of a concentration
enhancement due to the elongational flow.


title: Physics at the Transition between Bounded and Unbounded Trajectories

abstract:
  The electromagnetic interaction is characterised by discrete states for bound
systems in contrast to continuous states for unbound systems. The difference
merely arises because the characteristic equations do not exhibit the same
behaviour for negative and positive energy parameter values, thus the apparent
distinction between bound and unbound states can be considered purely
descriptive and completely superficial - there is no indication that bounded
and unbounded systems are subject to differing physical laws. However, the
remarkable suggestion has been made that there exists a behavioural distinction
between bound and unbound states of systems under gravitational influence. This
notion is critically evaluated here. At the very basic level, a severe problem
is found in defining a local concept of boundedness consistent with the current
understanding of the gravitational interaction. Nevertheless it is difficult to
exclude the possibility that bound and unbound systems are dynamically
distinct, a distinction that may be relevant to existing cosmological and
astronomical anomalies.


title:
All-optical atom surface traps implemented with one-dimensional planar
  diffractive microstructures

abstract:
  We characterize the loading, containment and optical properties of
all-optical atom traps implemented by diffractive focusing with one-dimensional
(1D) microstructures milled on gold films. These on-chip Fresnel lenses with
focal lengths of the order of a few hundred microns produce
optical-gradient-dipole traps. Cold atoms are loaded from a mirror
magneto-optical trap (MMOT) centered a few hundred microns above the gold
mirror surface. Details of loading optimization are reported and perspectives
for future development of these structures are discussed.


title:
Are volatility correlations in financial markets related to Omori
  processes occurring on all scales?

abstract:
  We analyze the memory in volatility by studying volatility return intervals,
defined as the time between two consecutive fluctuations larger than a given
threshold, in time periods following stock market crashes. Such an aftercrash
period is characterized by the Omori law, which describes the decay in the rate
of aftershocks of a given size with time t by a power law with exponent close
to 1. A shock followed by such a power law decay in the rate is here called
Omori process. Studying several aftercrash time series, we show that the Omori
law holds not only after significant market crashes, but also after
``intermediate shocks''. Moreover, we find self-similar features in the
volatility. Specifically, within the aftercrash period there are smaller shocks
that themselves constitute Omori processes on smaller scales, similar to the
Omori process after the large crash. We call these smaller shocks subcrashes,
which are followed by their own aftershocks. We also find similar Omori
processes after intermediate crashes in time regimes without a large market
crash. By appropriate detrending we remove the influence of the crashes and
subcrashes from the data, and find that this procedure significantly reduces
the memory in the records. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that
the memory in volatility is related to Omori processes present on different
time scales.


title:
Radiation Emission by Extreme Relativistic Electrons and Pair Production
  by Hard Photons in a Strong Plasma Wakefield

abstract:
  Radiation spectrum of extreme relativistic electrons and a probability of
electron-positron pair production by energetic photons in a strong plasma
wakefield are derived in the framework of a semiclassical approach. It is shown
that that the radiation losses of the relativistic electron in the plasma
wakefield scale as $ \propto \epsilon ^{2 / 3}$ in the quantum limit when the
energy of the radiated photon becomes close to the electron energy, $\epsilon
$. The quantum effects will play a key role in future plasma-based accelerators
operating at ultrahigh energy of the electrons.


title: Epidemic spreading and immunization with identical infectivity

abstract:
  In this paper, a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model with identical
infectivity, where each node is assigned with the same capability of active
contacts, $A$, at each time step, is presented. We found that on scale-free
networks, the density of the infected nodes shows the existence of threshold,
whose value equals 1/A, both demonstrated by analysis and numerical simulation.
The infected population grows in an exponential form and follows hierarchical
dynamics, indicating that once the highly connected hubs are reached, the
infection pervades almost the whole network in a progressive cascade. In
addition, the effects of random, proportional, and targeted immunization for
this model are investigated. Based on the current model and for heterogenous
networks, the targeted strategy performs best, while the random strategy is
much more efficient than in the standard SIS model. The present results could
be of practical importance in the setup of dynamic control strategies.


title:
Toward a Mininum Criteria of Multi Dimensional Instanton Formation for
  Condensed Matter Systems?

abstract:
  Our paper generalizes techniques initially explicitly developed for CDW
applications only with respect to what is needed for multi dimensional
instantons forming in complex condensed matter applications. This involves
necessary conditions for formulation of a soliton- anti soliton pair,assuming a
minimum distance between charge centers, and discusses the prior density wave
physics example as to why a Pierels gap term is added to the tilted washboard
potential for insuring the formation of scalar potential fields . We state that
much the same methodology is needed for higher dimensional condensed matter
systems/ giving an explicit reference to two dimensional instantons as
presented by Lu, and indicating further development in higher dimensions is
warranted


title: Modelling train delays with q-exponential functions

abstract:
  We demonstrate that the distribution of train delays on the British railway
network is accurately described by q-exponential functions. We explain this by
constructing an underlying superstatistical model.


title: Self-Focusing Dynamics of Coupled Optical Beams

abstract:
  We theoretically and experimentally investigate the mutual collapse dynamics
of two spatially separated optical beams in a Kerr medium. Depending on the
initial power, beam separation, and the relative phase, we observe repulsion or
attraction, which in the latter case reveals a sharp transition to a single
collapsing beam. This transition to fusion of the beams is accompanied by an
increase in the collapse distance, indicating the effect of the nonlinear
coupling on the individual collapse dynamics. Our results shed light on the
basic nonlinear interaction between self-focused beams and provide a mechanism
to control the collapse dynamics of such beams.


title: Derivation of magnetic Coulomb's law for thin, semi-infinite solenoids

abstract:
  It is shown that the magnetic force between thin, semi-infinite solenoids
obeys a Coulomb-type law, which corresponds to that for magnetic monopoles
placed at the end points of each solenoid. We derive the magnetic Coulomb law
from the basic principles of electromagnetism, namely from the Maxwell
equations and the Lorentz force.


title: Quantization of Keplerian systems

abstract:
  A mathematical model is given for the occurrence of preferred orbits and
orbital velocities in a Keplerian system. The result can be extended into
energies and other properties of physical systems. The values given by the
model fit closely with observations if the Planck scale is chosen as origin and
the process considered as volumetric doubling in 3- and 4-dimensions. Examples
of possible period tripling are also given. Comparison is made with the
properties of the basic elementary particles, the Solar system and other
physical phenomena.


title:
On Impedance Bandwidth of Resonant Patch Antennas Implemented Using
  Structures with Engineered Dispersion

abstract:
  We consider resonant patch antennas, implemented using loaded
transmission-line networks and other exotic structures having engineered
dispersion. An analytical expression is derived for the ratio of radiation
quality factors of such antennas and conventional patch antennas loaded with
(reference) dielectrics. In the ideal case this ratio depends only on the
propagation constant and wave impedance of the structure under test, and it can
be conveniently used to study what kind of dispersion leads to improved
impedance bandwidth. We illustrate the effect of dispersion by implementing a
resonant patch antenna using a periodic network of LC elements. The analytical
results predicting enhanced impedance bandwidth compared to the reference
results are validated using a commercial circuit simulator. Discussion is
conducted on the practical limitations for the use of the proposed expression.


title: Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Drift and Diffusion Functions

abstract:
  The maximum likelihood approach is adapted to the problem of estimation of
drift and diffusion functions of stochastic processes from measured time
series. We reconcile a previously devised iterative procedure [Kleinhans et
al., Physics Letters A (346), 2005] and put the application of the method on a
firm theoretical basis.


title:
Predicting hurricane regional landfall rates: comparing local and
  basin-wide track model approaches

abstract:
  We compare two methods for making predictions of the climatological
distribution of the number of hurricanes making landfall along short sections
of the North American coastline. The first method uses local data, and the
second method uses a basin-wide track model. Using cross-validation we show
that the basin-wide track model gives better predictions for almost all parts
of the coastline. This is the first time such a comparison has been made, and
is the first rigourous justification for the use of basin-wide track models for
predicting hurricane landfall rates and hurricane risk.


title: Holographic Principle and Quantum Physics

abstract:
  The concept of holography has lured philosophers of science for decades, and
is becoming more and more popular on several fronts of science, e. g. in the
physics of black holes. In this paper we try to understand things as if the
visible universe were a reading of a low-dimensional hologram generated in
hyperspace. We performed the whole process of creating and reading the hologram
of a point in virtual space by using computer simulations. We claim that the
fuzzieness in quantum mechanics, in statistical physics and thermodynamics is
due to the fact that we do not see the real image of the object, but a
holographic projection of it. We found that the projection of a point particle
is a de Broglie-type wave. This indicates that holography could be the origin
of the wave nature of a particle. We have also noted that one cannot stabilize
the noise (or fuzzieness) in terms of the integration grid-points of the
hologram, it means that one needs to give the grid-points a physical
significance. So we further claim that the space is quantized, which supports
the basic assumption of quantum gravity. Our study in the paper, although it is
more qualitative, yet gives a smoking gun hint of a holographic basis of
physical reality.


title:
Fragmentation studies of high energy ions using CR39 nuclear track
  detectors

abstract:
  We report on the measurements of the total charge changing fragmentation
cross sections in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions using Fe, Si and Pb
incident ions. Several stacks of CR39 nuclear track detectors with different
target combinations were exposed at normal incidence to high energy accelerator
beams to integrated densities of about 2000 ions/cm^2. The nuclear track
detector foils were chemically etched, and ion tracks were measured using an
automatic image analyzer system. The cross section determination is based on
the charge identification of beam ions and their fragments and on the
reconstruction of their path through the stacks.


title: Remarks on the relation between physics and faith

abstract:
  It is a quite common view among people, that are not aware of the
developments in modern physics, that it is part of human nature to substitute
religious faith in places where there is no knowledge. Therefore, an increase
in knowledge would lead to a decrease in the necessity of faith. Further, it is
argued that, ideally speaking, a full knowledge of the laws of nature would
make obsolete any sort of religious faith and would ultimately allow a complete
control of nature by man. Since referring to nature, such views must be founded
in the natural sciences of which physics is the most fundamental. Therefore,
the question whether such views are compatible with the current state of
natural sciences is ultimately decided in physics. Indeed, it is likely that
these simplistic views have their origin in the world view generated by the
successes of Newtonian physics from the middle of the 17th century until the
beginning of the 20th century which viewed the physical world as a type of
mechanical clock in which the motion of the gears affect each other in a
precise and predictable way. In particular, the paper points out that the above
views are no longer supported by current physics and that abstracted world
views cannot be considered as part of natural sciences, but only as belief
systems.


title:
Change-point detection in the historical hurricane number time-series:
  why can't we detect change-points at US landfall?

abstract:
  The time series of the number of hurricanes per year in the Atlantic basin
shows a clear change of level between 1994 and 1995. The time series of the
number of hurricanes that make landfall in the US, however, does not show the
same obvious change of level. Prima-facie this seems rather surprising, given
that the landfalling hurricanes are a subset of the basin hurricanes. We
investigate whether it really should be considered surprising or whether there
is a simple statistical explanation for the disappearance of this change-point
at landfall.


title:
A Central Partition of Molecular Conformational Space. IV. Extracting
  information from the graph of cells

abstract:
  In previous works [physics/0204035, physics/0404052, physics/0509126] a
procedure was described for dividing the $3 \times N$-dimensional
conformational space of a molecular system into a number of discrete cells,
this partition allowed the building of a combinatorial structure from data
sampled in molecular dynamics trajectories: the graph of cells, that encodes
the set of cells in conformational space that are visited by the system in its
thermal wandering. Here we outline a set of procedures for extracting useful
information from this structure: 1st) interesting regions in the volume
occupied by the system in conformational space can be bounded by a polyhedral
cone whose faces are determined empirically from a set of relations between the
coordinates of the molecule, 2nd) it is also shown that this cone can be
decomposed into a hierarchical set of smaller cones, 3rd) the set of cells in a
cone can be encoded by a simple combinatorial sequence.


title: Metamaterial Coatings for Broadband Asymmetric Mirrors

abstract:
  We report on design and fabrication of nano-composite metal-dielectric thin
film coatings with high reflectance asymmetries. Applying basic dispersion
engineering principles to model a broadband and large reflectance asymmetry, we
obtain a model dielectric function for the metamaterial film, closely
resembling the effective permittivity of disordered metal-dielectric
nano-composites. Coatings realized using disordered nanocrystalline silver
films deposited on glass substrates confirm the theoretical predictions,
exhibiting symmetric transmittance, large reflectance asymmetries and a unique
flat reflectance asymmetry.


title:
What can be learned about molecular reorientation from single molecule
  polarization microscopy?

abstract:
  We have developed a general approach for the calculation of the single
molecule polarization correlation function C(t), which delivers a correlation
of the emission dichroisms at time 0 and t. The approach is model independent
and valid for general asymmetric top molecules. The key dynamic quantities of
our analysis are the even-rank orientational correlation functions, the
weighted sum of which yields C(t). We have demonstrated that the use of
non-orthogonal schemes for the detection of the single molecule polarization
responses makes it possible to manipulate the weighting coefficients in the
expansion of C(t). Thus valuable information about the orientational
correlation functions of the rank higher than second can be extracted from
C(t).


title: Bifurcation and Stability of Two-Dimensional Double-Diffusive Convection

abstract:
  In this article, we present a bifurcation and stability analysis on the
double-diffusive convection. The main objective is to study 1) the mechanism of
the saddle-node bifurcation and hysteresis for the problem, 2) the formation,
stability and transitions of the typical convection structures, and 3) the
stability of solutions. It is proved in particular that there are two different
types of transitions: continuous and jump, which are determined explicitly
using some physical relevant nondimensional parameters. It is also proved that
the jump transition always leads to the existence of a saddle-node bifurcation
and hysteresis phenomena.


title: Electron-ion binary collisions in the presence of a magnetic field

abstract:
  Binary collisions between ions and electrons in an external magnetic field
are considered in second-order perturbation theory, starting from the
unperturbed helical motion of the electrons. The calculations are done with the
help of an improved BC which is uniformly valid for any strength of the
magnetic field and the second-order energy and velocity transfers are treated
in the interaction in Fourier space without specifying the interaction
potential. The energy transfer is explicitly calculated for a regularized and
screened potential which is both of finite range and less singular than the
Coulomb interaction at the origin and as the limiting cases involves the Debye
(i.e., screened) and Coulomb potentials. Two particular cases are considered in
detaile: (i) Ion motion parallel to the magnetic field with an arbitrary
strength. The energy transfer involves all harmonics of the electron cyclotron
motion. (ii) The ion arbitrary motion with respect to the strong magnetic field
when the electron cyclotron radius is much smaller than other characteristic
length scales (e.g., screening length, pitch of electron helix etc.). In the
latter case the energy transfer receives two contributions which are
responsible for the electron guiding center and cyclotron orbit perturbations.


title:
On the uniqueness of continuous inverse kinetic theory for
  incompressible fluids

abstract:
  Fundamental aspects of inverse kinetic theories for incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations concern the possibility of defining uniquely the
kinetic equation underlying such models and furthermore, the construction of a
kinetic theory implying also the energy equation. The latter condition is
consistent with the requirement that fluid fields result classical solutions of
the fluid equations. These issues appear of potential relevance both from the
mathematical viewpoint and for the physical interpretation of the theory. In
this paper we intend to prove that the non-uniqueness feature can be resolved
by imposing suitable assumptions. These include, in particular, the requirement
that the kinetic equation be equivalent, in a suitable sense, to a
Fokker-Planck kinetic equation. Its Fokker-Planck coefficients are proven to be
uniquely determined by means of appropriate prescriptions. In addition, as a
further result, it is proven that the inverse kinetic equation satisfies both
an entropy principle and the energy equation for the fluid fields.


title: Non-linear gyrokinetic theory of magnetoplasmas

abstract:
  A crucial issue in relativistic plasma, particularly relevant in the
astrophysical context, is the description of highly magnetized plasmas based on
a covariant formulation of gyrokinetic dynamics. An interesting case in
question is that in which the background electric field (produced either by the
same plasma of by other sources) results suitably small (or vanishing) with
respect to the magnetic field, while at the same time short-wavelength EM
perturbations can be present. The purpose of this work is to extend the
relativistic gyrokinetic theory developed by Beklemishev \textit{et al.}
[1999-2005] to include, in particular, also the treatment of such a case. We
intend to show that this requires the development of a perturbative expansion
involving simultaneously both the particle 4-position vector and the
corresponding \textit{4-velocity vector}. For this purpose a synchronous form
of the relativistic Hamilton variational principle is adopted.


title:
A New Large-Number Coincidence and a Scaling Law for the Cosmological
  Constant

abstract:
  An ensemble of pure numbers of order near 10^122 is produced naturally from
the fundamental parameters of modern cosmology. This new large-number
coincidence problem is resolved by demonstrating implicit physical connections
that follow from the standard cosmological model. However, the occurrence of
the new large-number coincidence combined with the known coincidence among pure
numbers of order near 10^40 poses a distinct problem that is resolved with a
scaling law for the cosmological constant that was originally proposed by
Zel'dovich.


title:
A novel shear flow instability triggered by a chemical reaction in the
  absence of inertia

abstract:
  We present an experimental investigation of a novel low Reynolds number shear
flow instability triggered by a chemical reaction. An acid-base reaction taking
place at the interface between a Newtonian fluid and Carbopol-940 solution
leads to a strong viscosity stratification, which locally destabilizes the
flow. Our experimental observations are made in the context of a miscible
displacement flow, for which the flow instability promotes local mixing and
subsequently improves the displacement efficiency. The experimental study is
complemented by a simplified normal mode analysis to shed light on the origin
of the instability


title: The anti-Einstein equations

abstract:
  As we know, from the Einstein equations the vanishing of the four-divergence
of the (symmetric) energy-momentum tensor follows. This is the case because the
fourdivergence of the Einstein tensor (which is also symmetric) vanishes
identically. Inverselly, we find that from the vanishing of the four-divergence
of the energymomentum tensor (consisting in the general case of both symmetric
and antisymmetric parts) not only the Einstein equations follow (concerning the
symmetric part), but also the so-named anti-Einstein equations (concerning the
antisymmetric part). These equations must be considered as complementary to the
Einstein equations. Also, while from the Einstein equations the energy density
(or the pressure) can be found (without using an equation of state), from the
vanishing of the four-divergence of the (symmetric) energy-momentum tensor the
pressure (or the energy density) can also be found, without having to use an
additional (but arbitrary) equation of state.


title: Integral estimator of broadband omnidirectionality

abstract:
  By using the notion of wavelength- and angle-averaged reflectance, we assess
in a systematic way the performance of finite omnidirectional reflectors. We
put forward how this concept can be employed to optimize omnidirectional
capabilities. We also apply it to give an alternate meaningful characterization
of the bandwidth of these systems.


title: The discovery of superfluidity

abstract:
  Superfluidity is a remarkable manifestation of quantum mechanics at the
macroscopic level. This article describes the history of its discovery, which
took place at a particularly difficult period of the twentieth century. A
special emphasis is given to the role of J.F. Allen, D. Misener, P. Kapitza, F.
London, L. Tisza and L.D. Landau. The nature and the importance of their
respective contributions are analyzed and compared. Of particular interest is
the controversy between Landau on one side, London and Tisza on the other,
concerning the relevance of Bose-Einstein condensation to the whole issue, and
also on the nature of thermal excitations in superfluid helium 4. In order to
aid my understanding of this period, I have collected several testimonies which
inform us about the work and attitude of these great scientists.


title: Fatigue independent amplitude-frequency correlations in EMG signals

abstract:
  In order to assess fatigue independent amplitude-frequency correlations in
EMG signals we asked nineteen male subjects to perform a series of isometric
muscular contractions by extensors of the knee joint. Different amplitudes of
the signal were due to randomly varying both the joint moment and the overall
amplification factor of the EMG apparatus. Mean and median frequency, RMS and
mean absolute value were calculated for every combination of joint moment and
amplification at the original sampling rate of 5 kHz and at several simulated
lower sampling rates. Negative Spearman and Kendall amplitude-frequency
correlation coefficients were found, and they were more pronounced at high
sampling rates.


title: Muonic hydrogen cascade time and lifetime of the short-lived $2S$ state

abstract:
  Metastable ${2S}$ muonic-hydrogen atoms undergo collisional ${2S}$-quenching,
with rates which depend strongly on whether the $\mu p$ kinetic energy is above
or below the ${2S}\to {2P}$ energy threshold. Above threshold, collisional
${2S} \to {2P}$ excitation followed by fast radiative ${2P} \to {1S}$
deexcitation is allowed. The corresponding short-lived $\mu p ({2S})$ component
was measured at 0.6 hPa $\mathrm{H}_2$ room temperature gas pressure, with
lifetime $\tau_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 165 ^{+38}_{-29}$ ns (i.e.,
$\lambda_{2S}^\mathrm{quench} = 7.9 ^{+1.8}_{-1.6} \times 10^{12}
\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at liquid-hydrogen density) and population
$\epsilon_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 1.70^{+0.80}_{-0.56}$ % (per $\mu p$ atom). In
addition, a value of the $\mu p$ cascade time, $T_\mathrm{cas}^{\mu p} =
(37\pm5)$ ns, was found.


title: Theory of x-ray absorption by laser-dressed atoms

abstract:
  An ab initio theory is devised for the x-ray photoabsorption cross section of
atoms in the field of a moderately intense optical laser (800nm, 10^13 W/cm^2).
The laser dresses the core-excited atomic states, which introduces a dependence
of the cross section on the angle between the polarization vectors of the two
linearly polarized radiation sources. We use the Hartree-Fock-Slater
approximation to describe the atomic many-particle problem in conjunction with
a nonrelativistic quantum-electrodynamic approach to treat the photon-electron
interaction. The continuum wave functions of ejected electrons are treated with
a complex absorbing potential that is derived from smooth exterior complex
scaling. The solution to the two-color (x-ray plus laser) problem is discussed
in terms of a direct diagonalization of the complex symmetric matrix
representation of the Hamiltonian. Alternative treatments with time-independent
and time-dependent non-Hermitian perturbation theories are presented that
exploit the weak interaction strength between x rays and atoms. We apply the
theory to study the photoabsorption cross section of krypton atoms near the K
edge. A pronounced modification of the cross section is found in the presence
of the optical laser.


title: Dynamics of tsunami waves

abstract:
  The life of a tsunami is usually divided into three phases: the generation
(tsunami source), the propagation and the inundation. Each phase is complex and
often described separately. A brief description of each phase is given. Model
problems are identified. Their formulation is given. While some of these
problems can be solved analytically, most require numerical techniques. The
inundation phase is less documented than the other phases. It is shown that
methods based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) are particularly
well-suited for the inundation phase. Directions for future research are
outlined.


title:
Using the Fermilab Proton Source for a Muon to Electron Conversion
  Experiment

abstract:
  The Fermilab proton source is capable of providing 8 GeV protons for both the
future long-baseline neutrino program (NuMI), and for a new program of low
energy muon experiments. In particular, if the 8 GeV protons are rebunched and
then slowly extracted into an external beamline, the resulting proton beam
would be suitable for a muon-to-electron conversion experiment designed to
improve on the existing sensitivity by three orders of magnitude. We describe a
scheme for the required beam manipulations. The scheme uses the Accumulator for
momentum stacking, and the Debuncher for bunching and slow extraction. This
would permit simultaneous operation of the muon program with the future NuMI
program, delivering 10^20 protons per year at 8 GeV for the muon program at the
cost of a modest (~10%) reduction in the protons available to the neutrino
program.


title: Blackbody radiation shift of the 27Al+ 1S0 - 3P0 transition

abstract:
  The differential polarizability, due to near-infrared light at 1126 nm, of
the 27Al+ 1S0 -> 3P0 clock transition is measured to be 4\pi\epsilon_0 x (1.6
+/- 0.5) x 10^{-31} m^3. This measurement is combined with experimental
oscillator strengths to extrapolate the differential static polarizability of
the clock transition as 4\pi\epsilon_0 x (1.5 +/- 0.5) x 10^{-31} m^3. The
resulting room temperature blackbody fractional frequency shift of -8(3) x
10^{-18} is the lowest known shift of all atomic transitions under
consideration for optical frequency standards. A method is presented to
estimate the differential static polarizability of an optical transition, from
a differential light shift measurement.


title:
Magnetic plasmonic Metamaterials in actively pumped Host Medium and
  Plasmonic Nanolaser

abstract:
  We consider plasmonic nanoantennas immersed in active host medium.
Specifically shaped metal nanoantennas can exhibit strong magnetic properties
in the optical spectral range due to the excitation of Magnetic Plasmon
Resonance (MPR). A case when a metamaterial comprising such nanoantennas can
demonstrate both "left-handiness" and negative permeability in the optical
range is considered. We show that high losses predicted for optical "left-
handed" materials can be compensated in the gain medium. Gains required to
achieve local generation in such magnetic active metamaterials are calculated
for real metals. We propose plasmonic nanolaser, where the metal nanoantenna
operates like a resonator. The size of the proposed plasmonic laser is much
smaller than the wavelength. Therefore, it can serve as a very compact source
of EM radiation.


title:
Optical fiber taper coupling and high-resolution wavelength tuning of
  microdisk resonators at cryogenic temperatures

abstract:
  A system for studying microcavity resonators at cryogenic temperatures (~10
K) through evanescent coupling via optical fiber taper waveguides is reported,
and efficient fiber coupling to AlGaAs microdisk cavities with embedded quantum
dots is demonstrated. As an immediate application of this tool, we study
high-resolution tuning of microdisk cavities through nitrogen gas adsorption,
as first discussed by Mosor, et al. By proper regulation of the nitrogen gas
flow and delivery of the gas to the sample surface, continuous tuning can be
achieved with modest gas flows, and overall wavelength shifts as large as 4 nm
are achieved.


title:
Polarization-sensitive propagation in an anisotropic metamaterial with
  double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation

abstract:
  The polarization-sensitive propagation in the anisotropic metamaterial (AMM)
with double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation is investigated from a
purely wave propagation point of view. We show that TE and TM polarized waves
present significantly different characteristics which depend on the
polarization. The omnidirectional total reflection and oblique total
transmission can occur in the interface associated with the AMM. If appropriate
conditions are satisfied, one polarized wave exhibits the total refraction,
while the other presents the total reflection. We find that the opposite
amphoteric refractions can be realized by rotating the principle axis of AMM,
such that one polarized wave performs the negative refraction, while the other
undergoes positive refraction. The polarization-sensitive characteristics allow
us to construct two types of efficient polarizing beam splitters under certain
achievable conditions.


title: Fast photon detection for the COMPASS RICH detector

abstract:
  The COMPASS experiment at the SPS accelerator at CERN uses a large scale Ring
Imaging CHerenkov detector (RICH) to identify pions, kaons and protons in a
wide momentum range. For the data taking in 2006, the COMPASS RICH has been
upgraded in the central photon detection area (25% of the surface) with a new
technology to detect Cherenkov photons at very high count rates of several 10^6
per second and channel and a new dead-time free read-out system, which allows
trigger rates up to 100 kHz. The Cherenkov photons are detected by an array of
576 visible and ultra-violet sensitive multi-anode photomultipliers with 16
channels each. The upgraded detector showed an excellent performance during the
2006 data taking.


title: Econophysics of precious stones

abstract:
  The importance of the power law has been well realized in econophysics over
the last decade. For instance, the distribution of the rate of stock price
variation and of personal assets show the power law. While these results reveal
the striking scale invariance of financial markets, the behaviour of price in
real economy is less known in spite of its extreme importance. As an example of
markets in real economy, here we take up the price of precious stones which
increases with size while the amount of their production rapidly decreases with
size. We show for the first time that the price of natural precious stones
(quartz crystal ball, gemstones such as diamond, emerald, and sapphire) as a
function of weight obeys the power law. This indicates that the price is
determined by the same evaluation measure for different sizes. Our results
demonstrate that not only the distribution of an economical observable but also
the price itself obeys the power law. We anticipate our findings to be a
starting point for the quantitative study of scale invariance in real economy.
While the Black--Sholes model provided the framework for optimal pricing in
financial markets, our method of analysis prvides a new framework that
characterizes the market in real economy.


title:
Chaotic to ordered state transition of cathode-sheath instabilities in
  DC glow discharge plasmas

abstract:
  Transition from chaotic to ordered state has been observed during the initial
stage of a discharge in a cylindrical dc glow discharge plasma. Initially it
shows a chaotic behavior but increasing the discharge voltage changes the
characteristics of the discharge glow and shows a period substraction of order
7 period $\to$ 5 period $\to$3 period $\to$1 period i.e. the system goes to
single mode through odd cycle subtraction. On further increasing the discharge
voltage, the system goes through period doubling, like 1 period $\to$ 2 period
$\to$ 4 period. On further increasing the voltage, the system goes to stable
state without having any oscillations.


title:
Controlling the stability transfer between oppositely traveling waves
  and standing waves by inversion-symmetry-breaking perturbations

abstract:
  The effect of an externally applied flow on symmetry degenerated waves
propagating into opposite directions and standing waves that exchange stability
with the traveling waves via mixed states is analyzed. Wave structures that
consist of spiral vortices in the counter rotating Taylor-Couette system are
investigated by full numerical simulations and explained quantitatively by
amplitude equations containing quintic coupling terms. The latter are
appropriate to describe the influence of inversion symmetry breaking
perturbations on many oscillatory instabilities with O(2) symmetry.


title:
Ultrasound vibrations of plant cells membranes: water lift in trees,
  electrical phenomena

abstract:
  Alterations of charges density on membranes (potentials) of plant cells by
ion currents lead to disbalance of Coulomb forces compressing membranes and
counteracting Hookean elastic forces. It should results in membrane vibrations
till establishment new equilibrium with generation of ultrasound and
electromagnetic radiations. Such vibrations lead to acoustical flows, power of
which is sufficient for water lift in trees, its degassing, for cycloses and
some electric phenomena in plants and so on. This phenomenon explains the known
observations of ultrasound noises in trees and redistribution of particles in
the phloem flow. Known supervisions and consideration of anatomy of plants
result in estimations of frequencies of the order of 150-200 kHz for acoustical
flows in xilem and three times bigger in phloem. The checking of offered
mechanism can be carrying out via investigation of acoustic and electromagnetic
radiation of plants.
  Keywords: plant, ultrasound, acoustical flow, hydraulics PACS: 43.25.Nm,
43.38.+n, 43.80.+p, 82.39.Jn, 87.80.Vt


title:
Measurement of the hyperfine structure of the S1/2-D5/2 transition in
  43Ca+

abstract:
  The hyperfine structure of the S1/2-D5/2 quadrupole transition at 729 nm in
43Ca+ has been investigated by laser spectroscopy using a single trapped 43Ca+
ion. We determine the hyperfine structure constants of the metastable level as
A=-3.8931(2) MHz and B=-4.241(4) MHz. The isotope shift of the transition with
respect to 40Ca+ was measured to be 4134.713(5) MHz. We demonstrate the
existence of transitions that become independent of the first-order Zeeman
shift at non-zero low magnetic fields. These transitions might be better suited
for building a frequency standard than the well-known 'clock transitions'
between m=0 levels at zero magnetic field.


title:
Magnetophoresis of ferrofluid in microchannel system and its nonlinear
  effect

abstract:
  We have studied the magnetophoretic particle separation and its nonlinear
behavior of ferrofluids in microchannel which is proposed by Furlani. The
magnetic gradient force is caused by an bias field and the polarized magnets
and is found to be spatially uniform in the channel section which can be used
for particle selecting or separation. We have derived the equations of
nonlinear magnetization of magnetic particles which cause the harmonics of
magnetophoresis. The Langevin model and generalized Clausius-Mossotti equation
used show how the normal and longitude anomalous anisotropic effect the
permeability of ferrofluids, thus the magnetic force. Our analysis demonstrates
the viability of using the microchannel system for various bioapplications and
other characterization of fluid transporting and the time-varying magnetic
field can be potentially used for an integrated magnetometer and influences the
the viscosity and effective permeability in ferrofluids.


title: Theory of second-harmonic generation in colloidal crystals

abstract:
  On the basis of the Edward-Kornfeld formulation, we study the effective
susceptibility of secondharmonic generation (SHG) in colloidal crystals, which
are made of graded metallodielectric nanoparticles with an intrinsic SHG
susceptibility suspended in a host liquid. We find a large enhancement and
redshift of SHG responses, which arises from the periodic structure, local
field effects and gradation in the metallic cores. The optimization of the
Ewald-Kornfeld formulation is also investigated.


title: How random is your heart beat?

abstract:
  We measure the content of random uncorrelated noise in heart rate variability
using a general method of noise level estimation using a coarse grained
entropy. We show that usually - except for atrial fibrillation - the level of
such noise is within 5 - 15% of the variance of the data and that the
variability due to the linearly correlated processes is dominant in all cases
analysed but atrial fibrillation. The nonlinear deterministic content of heart
rate variability remains significant and may not be ignored.


title: The continuous time random walk formalism in financial markets

abstract:
  We adapt continuous time random walk (CTRW) formalism to describe asset price
evolution and discuss some of the problems that can be treated using this
approach. We basically focus on two aspects: (i) the derivation of the price
distribution from high-frequency data, and (ii) the inverse problem, obtaining
information on the market microstructure as reflected by high-frequency data
knowing only the daily volatility. We apply the formalism to financial data to
show that the CTRW offers alternative tools to deal with several complex issues
of financial markets.


title: Effect of citation patterns on network structure

abstract:
  We propose a model for an evolving citation network that incorporates the
citation pattern followed in a particular discipline. We define the citation
pattern in a discipline by three factors. The average number of references per
article, the probability of citing an article based on its age and the number
of citations it already has. We also consider the average number of articles
published per year in the discipline. We propose that the probability of citing
an article based on its age can be modeled by a lifetime distribution. The
lifetime distribution models the citation lifetime of an average article in a
particular discipline. We find that the citation lifetime distribution in a
particular discipline predicts the topological structure of the citation
network in that discipline. We show that the power law exponent depends on the
three factors that define the citation pattern. Finally we fit the data from
the Physical Review D journal to obtain the citation pattern and calculate the
total degree distribution for the citation network.


title:
Comparison between three-dimensional linear and nonlinear tsunami
  generation models

abstract:
  The modeling of tsunami generation is an essential phase in understanding
tsunamis. For tsunamis generated by underwater earthquakes, it involves the
modeling of the sea bottom motion as well as the resulting motion of the water
above it. A comparison between various models for three-dimensional water
motion, ranging from linear theory to fully nonlinear theory, is performed. It
is found that for most events the linear theory is sufficient. However, in some
cases, more sophisticated theories are needed. Moreover, it is shown that the
passive approach in which the seafloor deformation is simply translated to the
ocean surface is not always equivalent to the active approach in which the
bottom motion is taken into account, even if the deformation is supposed to be
instantaneous.


title:
Response-table-based virtual responding method and instrument and their
  applications in scanning probe microscopes

abstract:
  We describe a virtual response method and device. It consists of an
analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and a computer and
utilizes a searchable response table (RT) pre-stored in the computer to respond
to electronic signals. The RT is constructed by measuring the input-output
relationship of a real response machine followed by sorting it per input data.
To respond, incoming signal is converted to digital data whose position in the
RT is then located. The response signal is determined by localized numerical
calculation around that position. This method has many advantages: cheap, fast,
universal, stable with less noises and errors.


title:
Silicon detectors: damage, modelling and expected long-time behaviour in
  physics experiments at ultra high energy

abstract:
  In this contribution, the structural modifications of the material and the
degradation of devices is modelled and compared with experimental data for more
resistivities, temperatures, crystal orientations and oxygen concentrations,
considering the existence of the new primary fourfold coordinated defect,
besides the vacancy and the interstitial. Some estimations of the behaviour of
detectors in concrete environments at the next generations of high energy
physics experiments as LHC, SLHC, VLHC, or ULHC are done.


title: Holographic Views of the World

abstract:
  This note has been written on the occasion of Gerard 't Hooft's 60th birthday
celebration. It is not a technical paper but just a collection of discussions
that the three authors had with Gerard, mostly in relation with the idea of
holography and aspects of quantum black hole physics.


title:
Liquid transport generated by a flashing field-induced wettability
  ratchet

abstract:
  We develop and analyze a model for ratchet-driven macroscopic transport of a
continuous phase. The transport relies on a field-induced dewetting-spreading
cycle of a liquid film with a free surface based on a switchable, spatially
asymmetric, periodic interaction of the liquid-gas interface and the substrate.
The concept is exemplified using an evolution equation for a dielectric liquid
film under an inhomogeneous voltage. We analyse the influence of the various
phases of the ratchet cycle on the transport properties. Conditions for maximal
transport and the efficiency of transport under load are discussed.


title: Energy Dissipation Burst on the Traffic Congestion

abstract:
  We introduce an energy dissipation model for traffic flow based on the
optimal velocity model (OV model). In this model, vehicles are defined as
moving under the rule of the OV model, and energy dissipation rate is defined
as the product of the velocity of a vehicle and resistant force which works to
it.


title: Bound state equivalent potentials with the Lagrange mesh method

abstract:
  The Lagrange mesh method is a very simple procedure to accurately solve
eigenvalue problems starting from a given nonrelativistic or semirelativistic
two-body Hamiltonian with local or nonlocal potential. We show in this work
that it can be applied to solve the inverse problem, namely, to find the
equivalent local potential starting from a particular bound state wave function
and the corresponding energy. In order to check the method, we apply it to
several cases which are analytically solvable: the nonrelativistic harmonic
oscillator and Coulomb potential, the nonlocal Yamaguchi potential and the
semirelativistic harmonic oscillator. The potential is accurately computed in
each case. In particular, our procedure deals efficiently with both
nonrelativistic and semirelativistic kinematics.


title: Networks of companies and branches in Poland

abstract:
  In this study we consider relations between companies in Poland taking into
account common branches they belong to. It is clear that companies belonging to
the same branch compete for similar customers, so the market induces
correlations between them. On the other hand two branches can be related by
companies acting in both of them. To remove weak, accidental links we shall use
a concept of threshold filtering for weighted networks where a link weight
corresponds to a number of existing connections (common companies or branches)
between a pair of nodes.


title: The Physical Meaning of Gauge Transformations in Electrodynamics

abstract:
  The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle
together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved
that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the
approach where Maxwell equations and the Lorentz law of force are regarded as
cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations. For this reason, the
two theories are {\em not equivalent}. A simple example substantiates this
conclusion. Quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is
proved that the same result holds for it. The compatibility of this result with
the gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density is explained.


title: Gap solitons in metamaterials

abstract:
  Electromagnetic localization and existence of gap solitons in nonlinear
metamaterials, which exhibit a stop band in their linear spectral response, is
theoretically investigated. For a self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity, the equation
for the electric field envelope with carrier frequency in the stop band - where
the magnetic permeability $\mu(\omega)$ is positive and the dielectric
permittivity $\epsilon(\omega)$ is negative - is described by a nonlinear
Klein-Gordon equation with a dispersive nonlinear term. A family of standing
and moving localized waves for both electric and magnetic fields is found, and
the role played by the nonlinear dispersive term on solitary wave stability is
discussed.


title: Optical Zener-Bloch oscillations in binary waveguide arrays

abstract:
  Zener tunneling in a binary array of coupled optical waveguides with
transverse index gradient is shown to produce a sequence of regular or
irregular beam splitting and beam recombination events superimposed to Bloch
oscillations. These periodic or aperiodic Zener-Bloch oscillations provide a
clear and visualizable signature in an optical system of coherent multiband
dynamics encountered in solid-state or matter-wave systems


title: Magnetophoresis of nonmagnetic particles in ferrofluids

abstract:
  Ferrofluids containing nonmagnetic particles are called inverse ferrofluids.
On the basis of the Ewald-Kornfeld formulation and the Maxwell-Garnett theory,
we theoretically investigate the magnetophoretic force exerting on the
nonmagnetic particles in inverse ferrofluids due to the presence of a
nonuniform magnetic field, by taking into account the structural transition and
long-range interaction. We numerically demonstrate that the force can be
adjusted by choosing appropriate lattices, volume fractions, geometric shapes,
and conductivities of the nonmagnetic particles, as well as frequencies of
external magnetic fields.


title: Nonlinear Debye screening in strongly-coupled plasmas

abstract:
  An ubiquitous property of plasmas is the so-called Debye shielding of the
electrostatic potential. Important aspects of Debye screening concern, in
particular, the investigation of non-linear charge screening effects taking
place in strongly-coupled plasmas, that imply a reduction of the effective
charge characterizing the Debye-H\"{u}ckel potential. These effects are
particularly relevant in dusty plasmas which are characterized by high-Z
particles. The investigation of the effective interactions of these particles
has attracted interest in recent years especially for numerical simulations. In
this work we intend to analyze the consistency of the traditional mathematical
model for the Debye screening. In particular, we intend to prove that the 3D
Poisson equation involved in the DH model does not admit strong solutions. For
this purpose a modified model is proposed which takes into account the effect
of local plasma sheath (i.e., the local domain near test particles where the
plasma must be considered discrete). Basic consequences of the model are
discussed, which concern the asymptotic properties of the solutions determined
both for weakly and strongly coupled plasmas. As an application the charge
screening effect in strongly coupled plasmas is investigated and an explicit
expression of the effective charge for the asymptotic DH potential is
determined.


title: Order-disorder phase transition in a cliquey social network

abstract:
  We investigate the network model of community by Watts, Dodds and Newman (D.
J. Watts et al., Science 296 (2002) 1302) as a hierarchy of groups, each of 5
individuals. A homophily parameter $\alpha$ controls the probability
proportional to $\exp(-\alpha x)$ of selection of neighbours against distance
$x$. The network nodes are endowed with spin-like variables $s_i = \pm 1$, with
Ising interaction $J>0$. The Glauber dynamics is used to investigate the
order-disorder transition. The transition temperature $T_c$ is close to 3.8 for
$\alpha < 0.0$ and it falls down to zero above this value. The result provides
a mathematical illustration of the social ability to a collective action {\it
via} weak ties, as discussed by Granovetter in 1973.


title: Optical ferris wheel for ultracold atoms

abstract:
  We propose a versatile optical ring lattice suitable for trapping cold and
quantum degenerate atomic samples at discrete angular positions. We demonstrate
the realisation of intensity patterns generated from Laguerre-Gauss ($\exp(i
\ell\theta)$) modes with different $\ell$ indices. The ring lattice can have
either intensity maxima or minima, suitable for trapping in red or blue detuned
light, and it can be rotated by introducing a frequency shift between the
Laguerre Gauss modes. The potential wells can be joined to form a uniform ring
trap, making it ideal for studying persistent currents and the Mott insulator
transition in a ring geometry.


title: Probing the electron EDM with cold molecules

abstract:
  We present progress towards a new measurement of the electron electric dipole
moment using a cold supersonic beam of YbF molecules. Data are currently being
taken with a sensitivity of $10^{-27}\textrm{e.cm}/\sqrt{\textrm{day}}$. We
therefore expect to make an improvement over the Tl experiment of Commins'
group, which currently gives the most precise result. We discuss the systematic
and statistical errors and comment on the future prospect of making a
measurement at the level of $10^{-29}\textrm{e.cm}/\sqrt{\textrm{day}}$.


title:
Measurement of the Scintillation Efficiency of Na Recoils in NaI(Tl)
  down to 10 keV Nuclear Recoil Energy relevant to Dark Matter Searches

abstract:
  We present preliminary results of measurements of the quenching factor for Na
recoils in NaI(Tl) at room temperature, made at a dedicated neutron facility at
the University of Sheffield. Measurements have been performed with a 2.45 MeV
mono-energetic neutron generator in the energy range from 10 keV to 100 keV
nuclear recoil energy. A BC501A liquid scintillator detector was used to tag
neutrons. Cuts on pulse-shape discrimination from the BC501A liquid
scintillator detector and neutron time-of-flight were performed on pulses
recorded by a digitizer with a 2 ns sampling time. Measured quenching factors
range from 19% to 26%, in agreement with other experiments. From pulse-shape
analysis, a mean time of pulses from electron and nuclear recoils are compared
down to 2 keV electron equivalent energy.


title: Stripping Efficiency and Lifetime of Carbon Foils

abstract:
  Charge-exchange injection by means of carbon foils is a widely used method in
accelerators. This paper discusses two critical issues concerning the use of
carbon foils: efficiency and lifetime. An energy scaling of stripping
efficiency was suggested and compared with measurements. Several factors that
determine the foil lifetime - energy deposition, heating, stress and buckling -
were studied by using the simulation codes MARS and ANSYS.


title: Mixture models and exploratory analysis in networks

abstract:
  Networks are widely used in the biological, physical, and social sciences as
a concise mathematical representation of the topology of systems of interacting
components. Understanding the structure of these networks is one of the
outstanding challenges in the study of complex systems. Here we describe a
general technique for detecting structural features in large-scale network data
which works by dividing the nodes of a network into classes such that the
members of each class have similar patterns of connection to other nodes. Using
the machinery of probabilistic mixture models and the expectation-maximization
algorithm, we show that it is possible to detect, without prior knowledge of
what we are looking for, a very broad range of types of structure in networks.
We give a number of examples demonstrating how the method can be used to shed
light on the properties of real-world networks, including social and
information networks.


title: Phase transition in the globalization of trade

abstract:
  Globalization processes interweave economic structures at a worldwide scale,
trade playing a central role as one of the elemental channels of interaction
among countries. Despite the significance of such phenomena, measuring economic
globalization still remains an open problem. More quantitative treatments could
improve the understanding of globalization at the same time that help a formal
basis for comparative economic history. In this letter, we investigate the time
evolution of the statistical properties of bilateral trade imbalances between
countries in the trade system. We measure their cumulative probability
distribution at different moments in time to discover a sudden transition circa
1960 from a regime where the distribution was always represented by a steady
characteristic function to a new state where the distribution dilates as time
goes on. This suggests that the rule that was governing the statistical
behavior of bilateral trade imbalances until the 60's abruptly changed to a new
form persistent in the last decades. In the new regime, the figures for the
different years collapse into a universal master curve when rescaled by the
corresponding global gross domestic product value. This coupling points to an
increased interdependence of world economies and its onset corresponds in time
with the starting of the last globalization wave.


title:
A magnetic liquid deformable mirror for high stroke and low order
  axially symmetrical aberrations

abstract:
  We present a new class of magnetically shaped deformable liquid mirrors made
of a magnetic liquid (ferrofluid). Deformable liquid mirrors offer advantages
with respect to deformable solid mirrors: large deformations, low costs and the
possibility of very large mirrors with added aberration control. They have some
disadvantages (e.g. slower response time). We made and tested a deformable
mirror, producing axially symmetrical wavefront aberrations by applying
electric currents to 5 concentric coils made of copper wire wound on aluminum
cylinders. Each of these coils generates a magnetic field which combines to
deform the surface of a ferrofluid to the desired shape. We have carried out
laboratory tests on a 5 cm diameter prototype mirror and demonstrated defocus
as well as Seidel and Zernike spherical aberrations having amplitudes up to 20
microns, which was the limiting measurable amplitude of our equipment


title: On Relativistic Generalization of Gravitational Force

abstract:
  The problem of point particle in the 1/r gravitational field was studied in
SR-based Mechanics. Equations of motion under assumption of field dependent
proper mass were obtained in the relativistic Lagrangean framework. The
dependence of proper mass on field strength was derived from the equations of
particle motion. The result was the elimination of 1/r divergence. It was shown
that a photon in a gravitational field may be described in terms of a
refracting massless medium. This makes the gravity phenomenon compatible with
SR. New results concerning gravitational properties of particle and photon are
discussed. The conclusion is made that the approach of field-dependent proper
mass is perspective for further studies on divergence-free gravitational field
development.
  Key words: Relativity, gravity, particle, photon, speed of light, proper mass
variation.
  {\small\it PACS 03.30.+p, 04.20.-g}


title:
Broadband superresolving lens with high transparency for propagating and
  evanescent waves in the visible range

abstract:
  We present a theoretical analysis of a super-resolving lens based on
1-dimensional metallo-dielectric photonic crystals composed of Ag/GaP
multilayers. The lens contains a total of 10 optical skin depths of Ag, yet
maintains a normal incidence transmittance of ~50% for propagating waves over
the super-resolving wavelength range of 500-650 nm. The individual Ag layers
are 22 nm thick and can be readily fabricated in conventional deposition
systems. The importance of anti-reflection coatings for the transmission of
evanescent and propagating waves is illustrated by comparison to periodic and
symmetric structures without the coatings. In addition, the reflection for
propagating waves is reduced to ~5% across the super-resolving wavelength band
diminishing the interference between the object and the lens.


title: Wide-band optical field concentrator for low-index core propagation

abstract:
  We propose a novel chirped structure consisting of a low index polymer core
bounded by modulated multilayer claddings, to realize an optical field
concentrator with virtually zero propagation losses in a wide spectral range,
independent of wave polarization. In spite of the absence of the total internal
reflection mechanism, properly designed multilayer claddings ensure the
achievement of unitary transmittance in a wide spectral range, including the
widely used wavelengths for optical communications. Several cladding geometries
obtained by varying the thicknesses of the cladding layers are reported and
discussed.


title: Quantum profiles and paradoxes

abstract:
  This paper discusses questions concerning the foundations of quantum
mechanics (entanglement, wave collapse, irreversibility) with reference to the
issues raised during a Minisymposium held in Helsinki, 1.6-3.6 in 1992, where A
Shimony, A Peres and B d'Espagnat were invited to lecture. The measurement
problem is related to the phenomenon of irreversibility which is known not to
follow from any fundamental theory; e.g., the law of exponential decay does not
follow from the Schr\"odinger equation in senso stricto. The approximations
that lead to irreversibility are related to some form of ''forgetting'', or
coarse graining. Some approaches to the question, why these approximations can
be justified, are reviewed. The paper also discusses dynamical reduction
schemes and it is suggested, that the corresponding non-linear modifications of
the Schr\"odinger equation -- which lead to non-conservation of energy -- are
actually ''effective'' Schr\"odinger equations for open systems (in analogy
with the ''effective'' Lagrangians in QFT). Thus these modifications should be
derived from a fundamental theory of interactions. The paper ends with some
brief comments on the mind-body question in the quantum mechanical context. A
postscript has been added (2006).


title:
Statistical mechanics of the shallow-water system with a prior potential
  vorticity distribution

abstract:
  We adapt the statistical mechanics of the shallow-water equations to the case
where the flow is forced at small scales. We assume that the statistics of
forcing is encoded in a prior potential vorticity distribution which replaces
the specification of the Casimir constraints in the case of freely evolving
flows. This determines a generalized entropy functional which is maximized by
the coarse-grained PV field at statistical equilibrium. Relaxation equations
towards equilibrium are derived which conserve the robust constraints (energy,
mass and circulation) and increase the generalized entropy.


title:
On knotted streamtubes in incompressible hydrodynamical flow and a
  restricted conserved quantity

abstract:
  For certain families of fluid flow, a new conserved quantity --
stream-helicity -- has been established.Using examples of linked and knotted
streamtubes, it has been shown that stream-helicity does, in certain cases,
entertain itself with a very precise topological meaning viz, measure of the
degree of knottedness or linkage of streamtubes.As a consequence,
stream-helicity emerges as a robust topological invariant.


title: The Connection Between Inertial Forces and the Vector Potential

abstract:
  . The inertia property of matter is discussed in terms of a type of induction
law related to the extended charged particle's own vector potential. Our
approach is based on the Lagrangian formalism of canonical momentum writing
Newton's second law in terms of the vector potential and a development in terms
of obtaining retarded potentials, that allow an intuitive physical
interpretation of its main terms. This framework provides a clear physical
insight on the physics of inertia. It is shown that the electron mass has a
complete electromagnetic origin and the covariant equation obtained solves the
"4/3 mass paradox". This provides a deeper insight into the significance of the
main terms of the equation of motion. In particular a force term is obtained
from the approach based on the continuity equation for momentum that represents
a drag force the charged particle feels when in motion relatively to its own
vector potential field lines. Thus, the time derivative of the particle's
vector potential leads to the acceleration inertia reaction force and is
equivalent to the Schott term responsible for the source of the radiation
field. We also show that the velocity dependent term of the particle's vector
potential is connected with the relativistic increase of mass with velocity and
generates a stress force that is the source of electric field lines
deformation. This understanding broadens the possibility to manipulate inertial
mass and potentially suggests some mechanisms for possible applications to
electromagnetic propulsion and the development of advanced space propulsion
physics.


title:
Development and characteristics of the HANARO ex-core neutron
  irradiation facility for applications in the boron neutron capture therapy
  field

abstract:
  The HANARO ex-core neutron irradiation facility was developed for various
applications in the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) field, and its
characteristics have been investigated. In order to obtain a sufficient thermal
neutron flux with a low level contamination of fast neutrons and gamma-rays, a
radiation filtering method is adopted. The radiation filter has been designed
by using a silicon single crystal cooled by liquid nitrogen and a bismuth
crystal. The installation of the main components of the irradiation facility
and the irradiation room are finished. Experimental measurements of the neutron
beam characteristics have been performed by using bare and cadmium covered gold
foils and wires. The in-phantom neutron flux distribution was measured for a
flux mapping inside the phantom. The gamma-ray dose was determined by using
TLD-700 thermoluminescence dosimeters. The thermal and fast neutron fluxes and
the gamma-ray dose were calculated by using the MCNP code, and they were
compared with experimental data. The thermal neutron flux and Cd ratio which
can be obtained at this facility are 1.49E9 n/cm2s and 152, respectively. The
maximum neutron flux inside the phantom was measured to be 2.79E9 n/cm2s at a
depth of 3 mm in the phantom. The two-dimensional in-phantom neutron flux
distribution was determined, and the significant neutron irradiation was
observed within 20 mm from the phantom surface. The gamma-ray dose rate for the
free beam condition is expected to be about 80 cGy/hr. These experimental
results are reasonably well supported by the calculated values of the facility
design code. This HANARO thermal neutron facility can be used not only for a
clinical trial but also for various basic irradiation researches of the BNCT
field.


title:
Efficient Heating of Thin Cylindrical Targets by Broad Electromagnetic
  Beams II

abstract:
  In Part I (physics/0405091), it was shown that it is possible to achieve
efficient heating of cylindrical targets by electromagnetic beams with
transverse dimensions that are several orders of magnitude greater than those
of the cylinder. Part II contains derivation of the detailed conditions of
efficient heating in the longitudinal geometry and establishes a broader domain
of parameters providing efficient heating in the transverse geometry. One
possible implementation using currently available technology is considered: a
nanotube (length 1 cm, diameter 15 nm) may be heated in the transverse geometry
by a 30 femtosecond pulse of a 50 GW Ti:Sapphire laser (wavelength 800 nm) to a
temperature of 1 keV with heating efficiency of 16 per cent. The resulting
energy density exceeds 100 MJ/cm3. An exact formula in the form of a
one-dimensional integral is obtained for the amount of energy absorbed in the
cylinder heated by a gaussian electromagnetic beam in the longitudinal
geometry.


title: Thermocapillary valve for droplet production and sorting

abstract:
  Droplets are natural candidates for use as microfluidic reactors, if active
control of their formation and transport can be achieved. We show here that
localized heating from a laser can block the motion of a water-oil interface,
acting as a microfluidic valve for two-phase flows. A theoretical model is
developed to explain the forces acting on a drop due to thermocapillary flow,
predicting a scaling law which favors miniaturization. Finally, we show how the
laser forcing can be applied to sorting drops, thus demonstrating how it may be
integrated in complex droplet microfluidic systems.


title: On search for nuclear Schiff moment in liquid xenon

abstract:
  A parameter of the P,T-odd Hamiltonian characterizing interaction of the
nuclear Schiff moment with the gradient of electronic density on the Xe nucleus
is calculated for an isolated Xe atom and for liquid xenon. We use more
realistic model of liquid medium than the spherical cell model used in
[B.Ravaine and A.Derevianko Phys. Rev. A, 69, 050101(R)(2004)]. Qualitatively
different results for enhancement of the P,T-odd effect in liquid xenon are
obtained when polarization of the medium is taken into account. Thus, proper
choice of the liquid phase model is crucially important even for calculation of
the properties dependent mostly on the electronic density near a nucleus.


title: Probability as typicality

abstract:
  The concept of typicality refers to properties holding for the "overwhelming
majority" of cases and is a fundamental idea of the qualitative approach to
dynamical problems. We argue that measure-theoretical typicality would be the
adequate viewpoint of the role of probability in classical statistical
mechanics, particularly in understanding the micro to macroscopic change of
levels of description.