title: A low background Micromegas detector for the CAST experiment

abstract:
  A low background Micromegas detector has been operating on the CAST
experiment at CERN for the search of solar axions during the first phase of the
experiment (2002-2004). The detector operated efficiently and achieved a very
low level of background rejection ($5\times 10^{-5}$ counts
keV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$) thanks to its good spatial and energy resolution
as well as the low radioactivity materials used in the construction of the
detector. For the second phase of the experiment (2005-2007), the detector will
be upgraded by adding a shielding and including focusing optics. These
improvements should allow for a background rejection better than two orders of
magnitude.


title:
Multiscale analysis of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration time
  series

abstract:
  We present the multiscale entropy analysis of short term physiological time
series of simultaneously acquired samples of heart rate, blood pressure and
lung volume, from healthy subjects and from subjects with Chronic Heart
Failure. Evaluating the complexity of signals at the multiple time scales
inherent in physiologic dynamics, we find that healthy subjects show more
complex time series at large time scales; on the other hand, at fast time
scales, which are more influenced by respiration, the pathologic dynamics of
blood pressure is the most random. These results robustly separate healthy and
pathologic groups. We also propose a multiscale approach to evaluate
interactions between time series, by performing a multivariate autoregressive
modelling of the coarse grained time series: this analysis provides several new
quantitative indicators which are statistically correlated with the pathology.

categories: physics.med-ph cond-mat.dis-nn physics.data-an q-bio.QM


title: Note on clock synchronization and Edwards transformations

abstract:
  Edwards transformations relating inertial frames with arbitrary clock
synchronization are reminded and put in more general setting. Their group
theoretical context is described.


title: Transportable laser system for atom interferometry

abstract:
  We describe an optical bench in which we lock the relative frequencies or
phases of a set of three lasers in order to use them in a cold atoms
interferometry experiment. As a new feature, the same two lasers serve
alternately to cool atoms and to realize the atomic interferometer. This
requires a fast change of the optical frequencies over a few GHz. The number of
required independent laser sources is then only 3, which enables the
construction of the whole laser system on a single transportable optical bench.
Recent results obtained with this optical setup are also presented.


title:
First experiences with the ATLAS Pixel Detector Control System at the
  Combined Test Beam 2004

abstract:
  Detector control systems (DCS) include the read out, control and supervision
of hardware devices as well as the monitoring of external systems like cooling
system and the processing of control data. The implementation of such a system
in the final experiment has also to provide the communication with the trigger
and data acquisition system (TDAQ). In addition, conditions data which describe
the status of the pixel detector modules and their environment must be logged
and stored in a common LHC wide database system. At the combined test beam all
ATLAS subdetectors were operated together for the first time over a longer
period. To ensure the functionality of the pixel detector a control system was
set up. We describe the architecture chosen for the pixel detector control
system, the interfaces to hardware devices, the interfaces to the users and the
performance of our system. The embedding of the DCS in the common
infrastructure of the combined test beam and also its communication with
surrounding systems will be discussed in some detail.


title: Geometrical Optics via electromagnetic wave quantization

abstract:
  The basic laws of geometrical optics can be deduced from energy-momentum
conservation for electromagnetic waves, without other wave concepts. However,
the concept of quanta is required; it arises naturally, hence such a hypothesis
could have arisen earlier than it did historically. Measurements to determine
the angles of reflection and refraction demand that each incident quantum be
either reflected or refracted; such a separation is central to the experimental
results.


title:
Resonant interaction of optical pulses with plasmonic oscillations in
  metal nanoparticles

abstract:
  We derive envelope equations which generate the Maxwell-Lorentz model and
describe the interaction of optical pulses with plasmonic oscillations in metal
nanoparticle composites. A family of solitary wave solutions is found which is
analogous to self-induced transparency in Maxwell-Bloch. The evolution of
incident optical pulses is studied numerically as are the collision dynamics of
the solitary waves. These simulations reveal that the collision dynamics vary
from near perfectly elastic to highly radiative depending on the relative phase
of the initial pulses.


title:
Measurements of the magnetic field induced by a turbulent flow of liquid
  metal

abstract:
  Initial results from the Madison Dynamo Experiment provide details of the
inductive response of a turbulent flow of liquid sodium to an applied magnetic
field. The magnetic field structure is reconstructed from both internal and
external measurements. A mean toroidal magnetic field is induced by the flow
when an axial field is applied, thereby demonstrating the omega effect.
Poloidal magnetic flux is expelled from the fluid by the poloidal flow.
Small-scale magnetic field structures are generated by turbulence in the flow.
The resulting magnetic power spectrum exhibits a power-law scaling consistent
with the equipartition of the magnetic field with a turbulent velocity field.
The magnetic power spectrum has an apparent knee at the resistive dissipation
scale. Large-scale eddies in the flow cause significant changes to the
instantaneous flow profile resulting in intermittent bursts of non-axisymmetric
magnetic fields, demonstrating that the transition to a dynamo is not smooth
for a turbulent flow.


title:
Two-phase argon and xenon avalanche detectors based on Gas Electron
  Multipliers

abstract:
  We study the performance of two-phase avalanche detectors based on Gas
Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and operated in an electron-avalanching mode in Ar
and Xe. Emission, gain, energy resolution and stability characteristics of the
detectors were studied. Rather high gains, reaching 5000, and stable operation
for several hours were observed in the two-phase Ar avalanche detector using a
triple-GEM multiplier. The signals induced by X-rays, beta-particles and
gamma-rays were successfully recorded. Preliminary results were obtained in the
two-phase Xe avalanche detector: the maximum gain of the triple-GEM in
two-phase Xe and Xe+2%CH4 was about 200. The results obtained are relevant in
the field of two-phase detectors for dark matter searches, coherent neutrino
scattering, PET and digital radiography.


title: Alternative Mathematical Technique to Determine LS Spectral Terms

abstract:
  We presented an alternative computational method for determining the
permitted LS spectral terms arising from $l^N$ electronic configurations. This
method makes the direct calculation of LS terms possible. Using only basic
algebra, we derived our theory from LS-coupling scheme and Pauli exclusion
principle. As an application, we have performed the most complete set of
calculations to date of the spectral terms arising from $l^N$ electronic
configurations, and the representative results were shown. As another
application on deducing LS-coupling rules, for two equivalent electrons, we
deduced the famous Even Rule; for three equivalent electrons, we derived a new
simple rule.


title:
Predictions of laser-cooling temperatures for multilevel atoms in
  three-dimensional polarization-gradient fields

abstract:
  We analyze the dynamics of atom-laser interactions for atoms having multiple,
closely spaced, excited-state hyperfine manifolds. The system is treated fully
quantum mechanically, including the atom's center-of-mass degree of freedom,
and motion is described in a polarization gradient field created by a
three-dimensional laser configuration. We develop the master equation
describing this system, and then specialize it to the low-intensity limit by
adiabatically eliminating the excited states. We show how this master equation
can be simulated using the Monte Carlo wave function technique, and we provide
details on implementation of this procedure. Monte Carlo calculations of steady
state atomic momentum distributions for two fermionic alkaline earth isotopes,
$^{25}$Mg and $^{87}$Sr, interacting with a three-dimensional lin-$\perp$-lin
laser configuration are presented, providing estimates of experimentally
achievable laser-cooling temperatures.


title: Realistic Cosmological Constant

abstract:
  Scenarios of supersymmetry breaking at various scales from TeV to GUT to the
string are generated. A previous analysis generated the value of the
experimentally measured cosmological constant from supersymmetry breaking at
the TeV scale. Via a reorganization of the perturbative series, values of the
cosmological constant are generically reconcilable with supersymmetry breaking
scenarios having scales from the TeV on up to the string. The scenario with
only a single supersymmetry breaking scale occurs at the GUT scale,
generically.


title:
Motion-Induced Magnetic Resonance of Rb Atoms in a Periodic
  Magnetostatic Field

abstract:
  We demonstrate that transitions between Zeeman-split sublevels of Rb atoms
are resonantly induced by the motion of the atoms (velocity: about 100 m/s) in
a periodic magnetostatic field (period: 1 mm) when the Zeeman splitting
corresponds to the frequency of the magnetic field experienced by the moving
atoms. A circularly polarized laser beam polarizes Rb atoms with a velocity
selected using the Doppler effect and detects their magnetic resonance in a
thin cell, to which the periodic field is applied with the arrays of parallel
current-carrying wires.


title: Motion backwards in time? A first example

abstract:
  An "anorthodox" explanation of the recently discovered (1998) "acceleration"
of the Universe is proposed.


title: Validation Studies of the ATLAS Pixel Detector Control System

abstract:
  The ATLAS pixel detector consists of 1744 identical silicon pixel modules
arranged in three barrel layers providing coverage for the central region, and
three disk layers on either side of the primary interaction point providing
coverage of the forward regions. Once deployed into the experiment, the
detector will employ optical data transfer, with the requisite powering being
provided by a complex system of commercial and custom-made power supplies.
However, during normal performance and production tests in the laboratory, only
single modules are operated and electrical readout is used. In addition,
standard laboratory power supplies are used. In contrast to these normal tests,
the data discussed here was obtained from a multi-module assembly which was
powered and read out using production items: the optical data path, the final
design power supply system using close to final services, and the Detector
Control System (DCS). To demonstrate the functionality of the pixel detector
system a stepwise transition was made from the normal laboratory readout and
power supply systems to the ones foreseen for the experiment, with validation
of the data obtained at each transition.


title: Waveguiding properties of surface states in photonic crystals

abstract:
  We propose and analyze novel surface-state-based waveguides in bandgap
photonic crystals. We discuss surface mode band structure, field localization
and effect of imperfections on the waveguiding properties of the surface modes.
We demonstrate that surface-state-based waveguides can be used to achieve
directional emission out of the waveguide. We also discuss the application of
the surface-state waveguides as efficient light couplers for conventional
photonic crystal waveguides.


title:
Bound and free atoms diagnosed by the recoil-induced resonances: 1D
  optical lattice in a working MOT

abstract:
  We report on studies of simultaneous trapping of $^{85}$Rb atoms in a
magneto-optical trap (MOT) and 1D optical lattice. Using Raman pump-probe
spectroscopy we observe the coexistence of two atomic fractions: the first,
which consists of free, unbound atoms trapped in a MOT and the second,
localized in the micropotentials of the optical lattice. We show that
recoil-induced resonances allow not only temperature determination of the
atomic cloud but, together with vibrational resonances, can also be used for
real-time, nondestructive studies of the lattice loading and of the dynamics of
systems comprising unbound and bound atomic fractions.


title: A Simple Derivation of Schroedinger Uncertainty Relation

abstract:
  We show how the Schroedinger Uncertainty Relation for a pair of observables
can be deduced using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality plus successive applications
of the commutation relation involving the two observables. Our derivation
differs from the original one in the sense that we do not need the expansion of
the product of these two observables in a sum of symmetrical and
anti-symmetrical operators.


title:
A quantitative analysis of concepts and semantic structure in written
  language: Long range correlations in dynamics of texts

abstract:
  Understanding texts requires memory: the reader has to keep in mind enough
words to create meaning. This calls for a relation between the memory of the
reader and the structure of the text. To investigate this interaction, we first
identify a connectivity matrix defined by co-occurrence of words in the text. A
vector space of words characterizing the text is spanned by the principal
directions of this matrix. It is useful to think of these weighted combinations
of words as representing ``concepts''. As the reader follows the text, the set
of words in her window of attention follows a dynamical motion among these
concepts. We observe long range power law correlations in this trajectory. By
explicitly constructing surrogate hierarchical texts, we demonstrate that the
power law originates from structural organization of texts into subunits such
as chapters and paragraphs.


title:
Relativistic corrections to the long range interaction between closed
  shell atoms

abstract:
  The complete $O(\alpha^2)$ correction to the long range interaction between
neutral closed shell atoms is obtained, the relation to the asymptotic
expansion of the known short range interaction at the atomic scale is presented
and a general interaction potential which is valid in the whole range of the
inter atomic distances is constructed.


title: Motion backwards in time? A second example

abstract:
  It is a striking result the one found by Wang, Kuzmich & Dogariu 1 (see also
2) experimentally last year, that a pulse of light, entered into an atomic
caesium (Cs) vapour cell, appeared at the exit before its entrance (!) by 62
nanoseconds. It has to be mentioned that the shape of the pulse was maintained
(cf. fig. 4 of 1), so that its peak was not shifted forward inside the pulse.
Thus the explanation that the peak of the pulse was advanced at the exit, with
the result of emerging there before the entrance of the peak of the incident
pulse, does not apply.


title: Vibration-Induced Conductivity Fluctuation (VICOF) Testing of Soils

abstract:
  In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple method to
provide additional in-formation by conductivity measurements of soils. The AC
electrical conductance of the soil is measured while it is exposed to a
periodic vibration. The vibration-induced density fluctuation implies a
corresponding conductivity fluctuation that can be seen as combination
frequency components, the sum and the difference of the mean AC frequency and
the double of vibration frequency, in the current response. The method is
demonstrated by measurements on clayey and sandy soils.


title: Ultraslow light in inhomogeneously broadened media

abstract:
  We calculate the characteristics of ultraslow light in an inhomogeneously
broadened medium. We present analytical and numerical results for the group
delay as a function of power of the propagating pulse. We apply these results
to explain the recently reported saturation behavior [Baldit {\it et al.}, \prl
{\bf 95}, 143601 (2005)] of ultraslow light in rare earth ion doped crystal.


title:
Magnetometry with millimeter-scale anti-relaxation-coated alkali-metal
  vapor cells

abstract:
  Dynamic nonlinear magneto-optical-rotation signals with frequency- and
amplitude-modulated laser light have been observed and investigated with a
spherical glass cell of 3-mm diameter containing Cs metal with inner walls
coated with paraffin. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation rates of
$\gamma/(2\pi)\approx 20 $Hz and lower have been observed. Favorable prospects
of using millimeter-scale coated cells in portable magnetometers and secondary
frequency references are discussed.


title:
Multistage Random Growing Small-World Networks with Power-law degree
  Distribution

abstract:
  In this paper, a simply rule that generates scale-free networks with very
large clustering coefficient and very small average distance is presented.
These networks are called {\bf Multistage Random Growing Networks}(MRGN) as the
adding process of a new node to the network is composed of two stages. The
analytic results of power-law exponent $\gamma=3$ and clustering coefficient
$C=0.81$ are obtained, which agree with the simulation results approximately.
In addition, the average distance of the networks increases logarithmical with
the number of the network vertices is proved analytically. Since many real-life
networks are both scale-free and small-world networks, MRGN may perform well in
mimicking reality.


title:
Observation of Brewster's effect for transverse-electric electromagnetic
  waves in metamaterials: Experiment and theory

abstract:
  We have experimentally realized Brewster's effect for transverse-electric
waves with metamaterials. In dielectric media, Brewster's no-reflection effect
arises only for transverse-magnetic waves. However, it has been theoretically
predicted that Brewster's effect arises for TE waves under the condition that
the relative permeability r is not equal to unity. We have designed an array of
split-ring resonators as a metamaterial with mu_r 1 using a finite-difference
time-domain method. The reflection measurements were carried out in a 3-GHz
region and the disappearance of reflected waves at a particular incident angle
was confirmed.


title: Human Dynamics: The Correspondence Patterns of Darwin and Einstein

abstract:
  While living in different historical era, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) were both prolific correspondents: Darwin sent
(received) at least 7,591 (6,530) letters during his lifetime while Einstein
sent (received) over 14,500 (16,200). Before email scientists were part of an
extensive university of letters, the main venue for exchanging new ideas and
results. But were the communication patterns of the pre-email times any
different from the current era of instant access? Here we show that while the
means have changed, the communication dynamics has not: Darwin's and Einstein's
pattern of correspondence and today's electronic exchanges follow the same
scaling laws. Their communication belongs, however, to a different universality
class from email communication, providing evidence for a new class of phenomena
capturing human dynamics.


title: Electrical double layer: revisit based on boundary conditions

abstract:
  The electrical double layer at infinite flat solid surface was discussed with
respect to the triple layer model. Charge density at the outer Helmholtz plane
is assumed to be zero usually. However, the assumption causes the position of
the outer Helmholtz plane to be obscure. The charge density was calculated and
the condition that the charge density is negligible was discussed.


title:
W1 and W2 Theories, and Their Variants: Thermochemistry in the kJ/mol
  Accuracy Range

abstract:
  In this 2nd chapter of the book Quantum Mechanical Prediction of
Thermochemical Data" (ed. Jerzy Cioslowski, Kluwer, 2001; ISBN 0-7923-7077-5),
we review the nonempirical computational thermochemistry methods W1 and W2
theory and their variants. The chapter is made available online following a
change in publisher E-print policy.


title: Torsional fluctuations in columnar DNA assemblies

abstract:
  In columnar assemblies of helical bio-molecules the azimuthal degrees of
freedom, i.e. rotations about the long axes of molecules, may be important in
determining the structure of the assemblies especially when the interaction
energy between neighbouring molecules explicitly depends on their relative
azimuthal orientations. For DNA this leads to a rich variety of mesophases for
columnar assemblies, each categorized by a specific azimuthal ordering. In a
preceding paper [A. Wynveen, D. J. Lee, and A. A. Kornyshev, Eur. Phys. J. E,
16, 303 (2005)] a statistical mechanical theory was developed for the
assemblies of torsionally rigid molecues in order to determine how thermal
fluctuations influence the structure of these mesophases. Here we extend this
theory by including torsional fluctuations of the molecules, where a DNA
molecule may twist about its long axis at the cost of torsional elastic energy.
Comparing this with the previous study, we find that inclusion of torsional
fluctuations further increases the density at which the transition between the
hexagonal structure and the predicted rhombic phase occurs and reduces the
level of distortion in the rhombic phase. As X-ray diffraction may probe the
2-D lattice structure of such assemblies and provide information concerning the
underlying interaction between molecules, we have also calculated correlation
functions for the azimuthal ordering which are manifest in an x-ray scattering
intensity profiles.


title:
Numerical analysis of high-index nanocomposite encapsulant for
  light-emitting diodes

abstract:
  We used two-dimensional Finte-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) software to study
the transition behavior of nano-particles from scatterers to an optically
uniform medium. We measured the transmission efficiency of the dipole source,
which is located in the high refractive index medium(index=2.00) and
encapsulated by low index resin(index=1.41). In an effort to compose
index-matched resin and to reduce internal reflection, high-index
nano-particles are added to low-index resin in simulations of various sizes and
densities. As the size of the nano-particles and the average spacing between
particles are reduced to 0.02 lambda and 0.07 lambda respectively, the
transmission efficiency improves two-fold compared to that without
nanoparticles. The numerical results can be used to understand the optical
behavior of nano-particles and to improve the extraction efficiency of high
brightness light-emitting-diodes(LEDs), through the use of nano-composite
encapsulant.


title:
Photoinjector-generation of a flat electron beam with transverse
  emittance ratio of 100

abstract:
  The generation of a flat electron beam directly from a photoinjector is an
attractive alternative to the electron damping ring as envisioned for linear
colliders. It also has potential applications to light sources such as the
generation of ultra-short x-ray pulses or Smith-Purcell free electron lasers.
In this Letter, we report on the experimental generation of a flat-beam with a
measured transverse emittance ratio of $100\pm 20.2$ for a bunch charge of
$\sim 0.5$ nC; the smaller measured normalized root-mean-square emittance is
$\sim 0.4$ $\mu$m and is limited by the resolution of our experimental setup.
The experimental data, obtained at the Fermilab/NICADD Photoinjector
Laboratory, are compared with numerical simulations and the expected scaling
laws.


title: Crystals for high-energy calorimeters in extreme environments

abstract:
  Scintillating crystals are used for calorimetry in several high-energy
physics experiments. For many of them, performance has to be ensured in very
difficult operating conditions, like a high radiation environment and large
particle fluxes, which place constraints on response and readout time. An
overview is presented of the knowledge reached up to date, and of the newest
achievements in the field, with particular attention given to the performance
of Lead Tungstate crystals exposed to large particle fluxes.


title:
Maximizing the Bandwidth Efficiency of the CMS Tracker Analog Optical
  Links

abstract:
  The feasibility of achieving faster data transmission using advanced digital
modulation techniques over the current CMS Tracker analog optical link is
explored. The spectral efficiency of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) makes it an attractive
option for a future implementation of the readout link. An analytical method
for estimating the data-rate that can be achieved using OFDM over the current
optical links is described and the first theoretical results are presented.


title:
Inter-charge forces in relativistic classical electrodynamics:
  electromagnetic induction in different reference frames

abstract:
  The force due to electromagnetic induction on a test charge is calculated in
different reference frames. The Faraday-Lenz Law and different formulae for the
fields of a uniformly moving charge are used. The classical Heaviside formula
for the electric field of a moving charge predicts that, for the particular
spatial configuration considered, the inductive force vanishes in the frame in
which the magnet is in motion and the test charge at rest. In contrast,
consistent results, in different frames, are given by the recently derived
formulae of relativistic classical electrodynamics.


title:
Focusing of transition radiation and diffraction radiation from concave
  targets

abstract:
  In the article the transition radiation from a relativistic charge crossing a
finite radius paraboloid target with taking into account the pre-wave zone
effect is considered. It is shown that in this case the radiation cone
narrowing occurs in contrast with the transition radiation from the flat target
if the detector is situated at the distance, which is smaller than the focus
distance (the focusing effect) from the target. At the charged particle passage
through the central hole in a paraboloid target the diffraction radiation
focusing (DR) occurs too. The focusing of coherent DR for the non-invasive
measuring of the electron bunch length is proposed.


title:
Marked signal improvement by stochastic resonance for aperiodic signals
  in the double-well system

abstract:
  On the basis of our mixed-signal simulations we report significant stochastic
resonance induced input-output signal improvement in the double-well system for
aperiodic input types. We used a pulse train with randomised pulse locations
and a band-limited noise with low cut-off frequency as input signals, and
applied a cross-spectral measure to quantify their noise content. We also
supplemented our examinations with simulations in the Schmitt trigger to show
that the signal improvement we obtained is not a result of a potential
filtering effect due to the limited response time of the double-well dynamics.


title: Analytical solution of the Thomas-Fermi equation for atoms

abstract:
  An approximate analytical solution of the Thomas-Fermi equation for neutral
atoms is obtained, using the Ritz variational method, which reproduces
accurately the numerical solution, in the range $0\leq x\leq50$, and its
derivative at $x=0$. The proposed solution is used to calculate the total
ionization energies of heavy atoms. The obtained results are in good agreement
with the Hartree-Fock ones and better than those obtained from previously
proposed trial functions by other authors.


title: Self-Organized Control of Irregular or Perturbed Network Traffic

abstract:
  We present a fluid-dynamic model for the simulation of urban traffic networks
with road sections of different lengths and capacities. The model allows one to
efficiently simulate the transitions between free and congested traffic, taking
into account congestion-responsive traffic assignment and adaptive traffic
control. We observe dynamic traffic patterns which significantly depend on the
respective network topology. Synchronization is only one interesting example
and implies the emergence of green waves. In this connection, we will discuss
adaptive strategies of traffic light control which can considerably improve
throughputs and travel times, using self-organization principles based on local
interactions between vehicles and traffic lights. Similar adaptive control
principles can be applied to other queueing networks such as production
systems. In fact, we suggest to turn push operation of traffic systems into
pull operation: By removing vehicles as fast as possible from the network,
queuing effects can be most efficiently avoided. The proposed control concept
can utilize the cheap sensor technologies available in the future and leads to
reasonable operation modes. It is flexible, adaptive, robust, and decentralized
rather than based on precalculated signal plans and a vulnerable traffic
control center.


title: Investigation on Vacuum Field Theory

abstract:
  The investigations of the author on a new independent theory of field, termed
a vacuum field theory (VFT), have been presented in four publications. It has
been based on the axioms for inactivated and activated state of vacuum. An
inertial frame connects with vacuum in a limited space. On the basis of the
first axiom and the proven simultaneousness of events in two movable relative
to each other inertial frames and, a new transformation of coordinates, time
and relative speeds of frames has been produced, as well a new law of speed
summation. The covariance of Maxwell equations with respect to the
transformation mentioned has been proven. These theoretical results have been
applied in kinematics, dynamics and electrodynamics and identity of the
relevant experimental investigations has been turned out. In Newton space the
laws of gravitation have been established on the basis of the second axiom, as
well kinematics and dynamics of VFT. The laws mentioned have been used
successfully with examining the gravitational phenomena in the Solar system and
a new phenomenon has been found out, namely the change of the orbit of a
material point with time from close to elliptical into circular.


title: Novel Spacetime Concept and Dimension Curling up Mechanism in Neon Shell

abstract:
  Euclidean geometry does not characterize dynamic electronic orbitals
satisfactorily for even a single electron in a hydrogen atom is a formidable
mathematical task with the Schrodinger equation. Here the author puts forward a
new spacetime concept that regards space and time as two orthogonal, symmetric
and complementary quantities. They are inherent physical quantities that cannot
be divorced from physical objects themselves. In two-dimensional helium shell,
space and time are instantiated by two interactive 1s electrons; in
four-dimensional neon shell, space and time dimensions blend into four types of
curvilinear vectors represented by 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz electronic orbitals.
The description of electronic orbitals constitutes an explanation of canonical
spacetime properties such as harmonic oscillation, electromagnetism, and wave
propagation. Through differential and integral operations, the author
formulates a precise wavefunction for every electron in an inert neon atom
where spacetime, as dimensional graduated by ten electrons, is continuous, and
trigonometric function is the mechanism for dimension curling up. This fresh
spacetime view based on dimensional interpretation of complex functions is an
extension of classical mechanics and is compatible with relativity and quantum
physics. It brings sharp insight into the geometries of 2p-orbitals and has
broad support from chemistry.


title: Long-Term Trends in Given Name Frequencies in England and Wales

abstract:
  The frequency distribution of personal given names offers important evidence
about the information economy. This paper presents data on the popularity of
the most frequent personal given names (first names) in England and Wales over
the past millennium. The popularity of a name is its frequency relative to the
total name instances sampled. The data show that the popularity distribution of
names, like the popularity of other symbols and artifacts associated with the
information economy, can be helpfully viewed as a power law. Moreover, the data
on name popularity suggest that historically distinctive changes in the
information economy occurred in conjunction with the Industrial Revolution.


title:
A small sealed Ta crucible for thermal analysis of volatile metallic
  samples

abstract:
  Differential thermal analysis on metallic alloys containing volatile elements
can be highly problematic. Here we show how measurements can be performed in
commercial, small-sample, equipment without modification. This is achieved by
using a sealed Ta crucible, easily fabricated from Ta tubing and sealed in a
standard arc furnace. The crucible performance is demonstrated by measurements
on a mixture of Mg and MgB$_2$, after heating up to 1470$^{\circ}{\rm C}$. We
also show data, measured on an alloy with composition Gd$_{40}$Mg$_{60}$, that
clearly shows both the liquidus and a peritectic, and is consistent with
published phase diagram data.


title:
Quantum Left-handed metamaterial with superconducting quantum
  interference devices

abstract:
  A scheme of left-handed metamaterial (LHM) composed of superconducting
quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and conducting wires is proposed. The
permeability of a probe field can be smoothly tuned over a wide range with
another electromagnetic (coupling) field due to quantum interference effect.
Similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic systems,
the absorption of the probe field can be strongly suppressed even in the case
of negative permeability. There are two passbands of negative refractive index
with low loss, which can be tuned with the coupling field.


title: On the Spatial Scaling of Seismicity Rate

abstract:
  Scaling analysis of seismicity in the space-time-magnitude domain very often
starts from the relation N(m,L)=a(L)*10**(-bm)*L**c for the rate of seismic
events of magnitude M>m in an area of size L. There is some evidence in favor
of multifractality being present in seismicity. In this case the optimal choice
of the scale exponent c is not unique. It is shown how different c's are
related to different types of spatial averaging applied to N(m,L) and what are
the c's for which the distributions of a(L) best agree for small L. Theoretical
analysis is tested using California data.


title:
Coexistence of single-mode and multi-longitudinal mode emission in the
  ring laser model

abstract:
  A homogeneously broadened unidirectonal ring laser can emit in several
longitudinal modes for large enough pump and cavity length because of Rabi
splitting induced gain. This is the so called Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken
(RNGH) instability. We investigate numerically the properties of the multi-mode
solution. We show that this solution can coexist with the single-mode one, and
its stability domain can extend to pump values smaller than the critical pump
of the RNGH instability. Morevoer, we show that the multi-mode solution for
large pump values is affected by two different instabilities: a pitchfork
bifurcation, which preserves phase-locking, and a Hopf bifurcation, which
destroys it.


title: Conformational changes in glycine tri- and hexapeptide

abstract:
  We have investigated the potential energy surfaces for glycine chains
consisting of three and six amino acids. For these molecules we have calculated
potential energy surfaces as a function of the Ramachandran angles phi and psi,
which are widely used for the characterization of the polypeptide chains. These
particular degrees of freedom are essential for the characterization of
proteins folding process. Calculations have been carried out within ab initio
theoretical framework based on the density functional theory and accounting for
all the electrons in the system. We have determined stable conformations and
calculated the energy barriers for transitions between them. Using a
thermodynamic approach, we have estimated the times of the characteristic
transitions between these conformations. The results of our calculations have
been compared with those obtained by other theoretical methods and with the
available experimental data extracted from the Protein Data Base. This
comparison demonstrates a reasonable correspondence of the most prominent
minima on the calculated potential energy surfaces to the experimentally
measured angles phi and psi for the glycine chains appearing in native
proteins. We have also investigated the influence of the secondary structure of
polypeptide chains on the formation of the potential energy landscape. This
analysis has been performed for the sheet and the helix conformations of chains
of six amino acids.


title: T-shaped dimer of coronene

abstract:
  An evidence of importance of the T-shaped configuration of coronene dimer is
presented. That is, the dimer's lowest energy configuration is not necessarily
a stack, as it might had been expected a priori. This is a surprising result
for dimer of such a large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) as coronene.
The energy of the T-shaped configuration at all considered levels of density
functional theory (B3LYP,PBE/6-31+G(d),D95,cc-pVDZ,cc-pVTZ) was systematically
lower than the energies of three plausible stack configurations. In order to
get a better description of the van der Waals interaction,the density
functional theory (DFT) results were adjusted by adding a phenomenological
Lennard-Jones-type term into the total energy of the system. However, the van
der Waals correction is somewhat arbitrary and its magnitude can not be
rigorously justified. Depending on the choice of the parameters in the
phenomenological term both the T-shaped and the parallel-displaced (PD) stack
configurations can be the global energy minimum of the system. A simple model
is proposed which is useful for qualitative understanding of possible
geometries of the coronene dimer and larger coronene clusters. The model
represents coronene dimer as two sets of charged rings interacting via Coulomb
and Lennard-Jones potentials. The model provides an intuitively clear
explanation why the T-shaped dimers can be of importance even for some of
moderately large PAHs such as coronene and, may be, for circumcoronene.


title: Statistical Challenges for Searches for New Physics at the LHC

abstract:
  Because the emphasis of the LHC is on 5 sigma discoveries and the LHC
environment induces high systematic errors, many of the common statistical
procedures used in High Energy Physics are not adequate. I review the basic
ingredients of LHC searches, the sources of systematics, and the performance of
several methods. Finally, I indicate the methods that seem most promising for
the LHC and areas that are in need of further study.


title: Observation of a Turbulence-Induced Large Scale Magnetic Field

abstract:
  An axisymmetric magnetic field is applied to a spherical, turbulent flow of
liquid sodium. An induced magnetic dipole moment is measured which cannot be
generated by the interaction of the axisymmetric mean flow with the applied
field, indicating the presence of a turbulent electromotive force. It is shown
that the induced dipole moment should vanish for any axisymmetric laminar flow.
Also observed is the production of toroidal magnetic field from applied
poloidal magnetic field (the omega-effect). Its potential role in the
production of the induced dipole is discussed.


title: Study of Optical Properties of X-ray System Based on Two Zone Plates

abstract:
  We presents the results of study of focusing and imaging properties of
double-lens system for hard x-ray radiation consisting of two Fresnel zone
plates (ZP) made from silicon. We demonstrate for the first time the phenomenon
of focusing by two crystal ZP located at significant distance from each other.
We investigate by both theoretically and experimentally the peculiarities of
intensity distribution at the focal plane during a scan by second ZP normally
to the optical axis of the system. We investigate as well the intensity
distribution along the optical axis for our double-lens system from crystal ZP.
We realize experimentally a registration of the focused image of the object by
means of double-lens system based on ZP. Measurements are performed on the beam
line BM-5 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) at the x-ray
energy 9.4 keV. We elaborate a computer program for theoretical simulation of
the optical properties of x-ray double-lens system based on ZPs. A calculation
is made by convolution of transmission function and Kirchhoff propagator in
paraxial approximation by means of Fast Fourier Transformation.


title:
Temperature Versus Density Effects in Glassforming Liquids and Polymers:
  A Scaling Hypothesis and its Consequences

abstract:
  We discuss the validity and the outcome of a scaling hypothesis proposed by
us some years ago, according to which the influence of the density on the
slowing down of flow and relaxation in glassforming liquids and polymers is
described trough a single effective interaction energy Einf(rho). We stress the
formal consequences and the physical meaning of the scaling.


title: Charges suspended by strings: a new twist to an old problem

abstract:
  A popular problem asks for the equilibrium separation between two identical
(mutually repelling) charges suspended by strings fastened to a common point.
We slightly modify this problem by considering two opposite (mutually
attracting) charges and adding a finite separation between the suspension
points. The discussion leading to the solution introduces important physical
phenomena including "catastrophic" behavior and hysterisis.


title: Search for an equation of motion of a classical pointlike charge

abstract:
  In 1892 H.A. Lorentz started the search for a classical equation of motion
for pointlike charged particles that takes into account the radiation reaction
force. This search culminated in the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac equation of motion,
which is not satisfactory since it exhibits self-acceleration causing runaway
solutions. In spite of ongoing efforts for more than a century, there is yet no
acceptable classical equation of motion for a pointlike charge, cf. the recent
paper by Rohrlich and the comments about his proposal. So, it is still an open
question how to augment continuous classical electrodynamics with the physical
concept of pointlike charged particles. The pointlike charge is presently only
a common and handy computational device, which we generalized by the expansions
in terms of co-moving moments of time-dependent, moving charges and currents.


title:
Finite size effects in the dynamics and thermodynamics of 2D Coulomb
  clusters

abstract:
  The dynamics and thermodynamics of melting in two-dimensional Coulomb
clusters is revisited using molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.
Several parameters are considered, including the Lindemann index, the largest
Lyapunov exponent and the diffusion constant. In addition to the orientational
and radial melting processes, isomerizations and complex size effects are seen
to occur in a very similar way to atomic and molecular clusters. The results
are discussed in terms of the energy landscape represented through
disconnectivity graphs, with proper attention paid to the broken ergodicity
problems in simulations. Clusters bound by 1/r^3 and e^{-\kappa r}/r forces,
and heterogeneous clusters made of singly- and doubly-charged species, are also
studied, as well as the evolution toward larger systems.


title:
Electric field induced hyperfine level-crossings in (nD)Cs at two-step
  laser excitation: experiment and theory

abstract:
  The pure electric field level-crossing of m_F Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine F
levels at two-step laser excitation was described theoretically and studied
experimentally for the nD_3/2 states in Cs with n = 7,9, and 10, by applying a
diode laser in the first 6S_1/2 to 6P_3/2 step and a diode or dye laser for the
second 6P_3/2 to nD_3/2 step. Level-crossing resonance signals were observed in
the nD_3/2 to 6P_1/2 fluorescence. A theoretical model was developed to
describe quantitatively the resonance signals by correlation analysis of the
optical Bloch equations in the case when an atom simultaneously interacts with
two laser fields in the presence of an external dc electric field. The
simulations described well the experimental signals. The tensor
polarizabilities (in Bohr radii cubed) were determined to be 7.45(20) x 10^4
for the 7D_3/2 state and 1.183(35) x 10^6 for the 9D_3/2 state; a well
established tensor polarizability value for 10D_3/2 was used to calibrate the
electric field. The tensor polarizability value for the 7D_3/2 state differed
by ca. 15% from the existing experimentally measured value.


title: Ab initio study of alanine polypeptide chains twisting

abstract:
  We have investigated the potential energy surfaces for alanine chains
consisting of three and six amino acids. For these molecules we have calculated
potential energy surfaces as a function of the Ramachandran angles Phi and Psi,
which are widely used for the characterization of the polypeptide chains. These
particular degrees of freedom are essential for the characterization of
proteins folding process. Calculations have been carried out within ab initio
theoretical framework based on the density functional theory and accounting for
all the electrons in the system. We have determined stable conformations and
calculated the energy barriers for transitions between them. Using a
thermodynamic approach, we have estimated the times of characteristic
transitions between these conformations. The results of our calculations have
been compared with those obtained by other theoretical methods and with the
available experimental data extracted from the Protein Data Base. This
comparison demonstrates a reasonable correspondence of the most prominent
minima on the calculated potential energy surfaces to the experimentally
measured angles Phi and Psi for alanine chains appearing in native proteins. We
have also investigated the influence of the secondary structure of polypeptide
chains on the formation of the potential energy landscape. This analysis has
been performed for the sheet and the helix conformations of chains of six amino
acids.


title: Light multi-GEM detector for high-resolution tracking systems

abstract:
  Controlled etching of copper electrodes in Gas Electron Multiplier foils
allows a reduction of the material budget by more than a factor of two for a
triple-GEM detector. Detectors making use of thinned foils provide performances
similar to those obtained with standard devices: a gain above 10^4 for a
double-GEM, with energy resolution of 27 % fwhm for 5.9 keV X-rays.


title: General Thoughts about Tracking for a Linear Collider Detector

abstract:
  Basic scaling laws are used to compare the relative capabilities of gaseous
and solid-state tracking. Conclusions are drawn in the context of physics
processes expected to be at the focus of studies at the International Linear
Collider.


title: Progress Towards a Long Shaping-Time Readout for Silicon Strips

abstract:
  We report on progress in the development of the LSTFE2 prototype front-end
ASIC geared towards the readout of silicon microstrip sensors in a Linear
Collider detector. We also discuss progress in the design of the back-end
digital architecture for this readout scheme.


title:
Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering in slow-light photonic crystal
  waveguides

abstract:
  We investigate for the first time the enhancement of the stimulated Raman
scattering in slow-light Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic crystal line
defect waveguides. By applying the Bloch-Floquet formalism to the guided modes
in a planar photonic crystal, we develop a formalism that relates the intensity
of the down-shifted Stokes signal to the pump intensity and the modal group
velocities. The formalism is then applied to two prospective schemes for
enhanced stimulated Raman generation in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides.
The results demonstrate a maximum factor of 10^4 (66,000) enhancement with
respect to SOI channel waveguides. Effects of two photon absorption, intrinsic
scattering, and disorder with respect to slow-light Raman generation towards
optically-pumped silicon amplifiers and lasers are also discussed.


title:
A differential geometric context in which quantization is a necessary
  condition for gauge invariance

abstract:
  It has recently been argued that quantization can be established within
classical theory as a consequence of lost information. In this view, classical
mechanics is regarded as a union of quantum mechanics and what are called
'hidden variables'. Hidden variable theories were first considered some years
ago and abandoned because they did not produce new physics. They have now been
revived however, because they appear to provide a logically sound means of
relating classical and quantum theories. It is argued here that the Heisenberg
uncertainty relations constitute a necessary condition for gauge invariance in
the 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory, where the fifth dimension of 5-spacetime
is hidden as a 5-dimensional theory of general relativity is projected onto
4-spacetime.


title: Mathematics as an Exact and Precise Language of Nature

abstract:
  One of the outstanding problems of philosophy of science and mathematics
today is whether there is just "one" unique mathematics or the same can be
bifurcated into "pure" and "applied" categories. A novel solution for this
problem is offered here. This will allow us to appreciate the manner in which
mathematics acts as an exact and precise language of nature. This has
significant implications for Artificial Intelligence.


title: A " Layers of Reality to a Web of Induction " Hypothesis

abstract:
  It is shown that as knowledge is structured, it comes in modules. This
provides different " layers of reality ". Each layer of reality has its own
distinctive inductive logic which may differ from that of the others. All this
is woven together to form a " web of induction " in a multidimensional space.
It is the overall resilience, firmness and consistent interconnectedness of the
whole web which justifies induction globally and which allows science to
continue to "read" nature using the inductive logic.


title: An " Instrumentalism to Realism " Hypothesis

abstract:
  It is proposed here that all successful and complete theories always proceed
through an intermediate stage of instrumentalism to the final stage of realism.
Examples from history of science (both classical and modern) in support of this
hypothesis are presented.


title: A "Rip Van Winkle Hypothesis" to Resolve the Realism-Antirealism Debate

abstract:
  The intensity of debate between the realists and antirealists shows no sign
of abating. Here a new hypothesis is proposed to resolve the issue. The
requirement of consistency and continuity are built-in in the methodology of
this hypothesis. This new hypothesis supports realism.


title:
Quasi-static Ionization of Rydberg Alkali-metal Atoms: a classical view
  of the n^(-5) scaling

abstract:
  A fully classical explanation of the nonhydrogenic ionization threshold for
low angular momentum Rydberg states of Alkali-metal atoms in a linearly
polarized low frequency monochromatic microwave field is given: the classical
equivalent to the quantum rate-limiting step, which is responsible for the
n^(-5) scaling and which according to the literature initiates what then
continues as essentially classical diffusion, is found.


title:
On the physical meaning of the gauge conditions of Classical
  Electromagnetism : the hydrodynamics analogue viewpoint

abstract:
  Based on an analogy between Fluid Mechanics and Electromagnetism, we claim
that the gauge conditions of Classical Electromagnetism are not equivalent
contrary to the common belief. These "gauges" are usually considered as
mathematical conditions that one must specify in order to solve any
electromagnetic problem. Here, the author shows that these conditions are
physical constraints which can be interpreted as electromagnetic continuity
equations. As a consequence, light cannot be considered as a pure transverse
wave in vacuum from the point of view of the potentials. We discuss the (lack
of) meaning of gauge transformations.


title:
Development of a high-efficiency pulsed slow positron beam for
  measurements with orthopositronium in vacuum

abstract:
  We have developed a high-efficiency pulsed slow positron beam for experiments
with orthopositronium in vacuum. The new pulsing scheme is based on a
double-gap coaxial buncher powered by an RF pulse of appropriate shape. The
modulation of the positron velocity in the two gaps is used to adjust their
time-of-flight to a target. This pulsing scheme allows to minimize non-linear
aberrations in the bunching process and to efficiently compress positron pulses
with an initial pulse duration ranging from 300 to 50 ns into bunches of 2.3 to
0.4 ns width, respectively, with a repetition period of 1 mks. The compression
ratio achieved is ~100, which is a factor 5 better than has been previously
obtained with slow positron beams based on a single buncher. Requirements on
the degree, to which the moderated positrons should be mono-energetic and on
the precision of the waveform generation are presented. Possible applications
of the new pulsed positron beam for measurements of thin films are discussed.


title: Simulation of language competition by physicists

abstract:
  Following Abrams and Strogatz 2003 and Patriarca and Leppanen 2004, five
other physics groups independently started to simulate the competition of
languages, as opposed to the evolution of a human language out of ape sounds,
or the learning of a language by a child. This talk concentrates on the models
of Christian Schulze et al and of Viviane de Oliveira et al which allow the
simulation of a large number of languages, similar to today's 8,000 human
languages. The first model deals with a continuous process of random mutations
of a language, transfer from and to other languages, and flight away from
languages spoken by only a few people. The second model combines these flight
and mutation aspects, ignores transfer and describes the colonization of a
large geographical region by people starting at one lattice point. The size of
a language is defined by the number of people speaking it. The first model
gives a realistic log-normal shape for the histogram of language sizes but the
numbers are bad. For the second model our Monte Carlo simulations give sizes up
to thousand million, but not the nearly log-normal shape. A meeting is planned
for mid-September 2006 in Poland.


title: Program for IIB Derivative Corrections

abstract:
  A Matlab program is presented that computes derivative corrections in the
S-dual invariant formulation for IIB graviton scattering to any order in
perturbation theory. The coefficients of the four-point function are produced,
pertaining to the non-logarithmic terms. The program can be modified to find
coefficients of the higher-point functions. Instantons have not explicitly been
included.


title: Polar coordinates, special relativity and CAS

abstract:
  We investigate the conditions under which computer programs represent
correctly, in polar coordinates, the relativistic transformation equations for
the space-time coordinates of the same event.


title:
Antisymmetry in hydrogenic HH+ and antihydrogenic antiHH+ cations:
  classical and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations

abstract:
  Ab initio quantum chemistry reveals how the charge-antisymmetric
antihydrogenic antiHH+ state, deriving from conventional positional
antisymmetry of a 3-unit charge system, is hidden in the PEC (potential energy
curve) of the molecular hydrogen cation. Only with internal charge inversion
and Coulomb's law, the anti-symmetry generated by positional coordinates can be
understood but this solution was persistently overlooked. Stabilizing
matter-antimatter interactions not only exist in nature, they are an essential
element, even in wave mechanics, for explaining stable composite matter with a
Coulomb model.


title: Test Beam Results of Geometry Optimized Hybrid Pixel Detectors

abstract:
  The Multi-Chip-Module-Deposited (MCM-D) technique has been used to build
hybrid pixel detector assemblies. This paper summarises the results of an
analysis of data obtained in a test beam campaign at CERN. Here, single chip
hybrids made of ATLAS pixel prototype read-out electronics and special sensor
tiles were used. They were prepared by the Fraunhofer Institut fuer
Zuverlaessigkeit und Mikrointegration, IZM, Berlin, Germany. The sensors
feature an optimized sensor geometry called equal sized bricked. This design
enhances the spatial resolution for double hits in the long direction of the
sensor cells.


title: Not so Classical Mechanics - Unexpected Symmetries of Classical Motion

abstract:
  A survey of topics of recent interest in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical
systems, including accessible discussions of regularization of the central
force problem; inequivalent Lagrangians and Hamiltonians; constants of central
force motion; a general discussion of higher-order Lagrangians and Hamiltonians
with examples from Bohmian quantum mechanics, the Korteweg-de Vries equation
and the logistic equation; gauge theories of Newtonian mechanics; classical
spin, Grassmann numbers, and pseudomechanics.


title:
Likelihood ratio intervals with Bayesian treatment of uncertainties:
  coverage, power and combined experiments

abstract:
  In this note we present studies of coverage and power for confidence
intervals for a Poisson process with known background calculated using the
Likelihood ratio (aka Feldman & Cousins) ordering with Bayesian treatment of
uncertainties in nuisance parameters. We consider both the variant where the
Bayesian integration is done in both the numerator and the denominator and the
modification where the integration is done only in the numerator whereas in the
denominator the likelihood is taken at the maximum likelihood estimate of the
parameters. Furthermore we discuss how measurements can be combined in this
framework and give an illustration with limits on the branching ratio of a rare
B-meson decay recently presented by CDF/D0. A set of C++ classes has been
developed which can be used to calculate confidence intervals for single or
combining multiple experiments using the above algorithms and considering a
variety of parameterizations to describe the uncertainties.


title: Universal dynamics in the onset of a Hagen-Poiseuille flow

abstract:
  The dynamics in the onset of a Hagen-Poiseuille flow of an incompressible
liquid in a channel of circular cross section is well-studied theoretically. We
use an eigenfunction expansion in a Hilbert space formalism to generalize the
results to channels of arbitrary cross section. We find that the steady state
is reached after a characteristic time scale tau = (A/P)^2 (1/nu) where A and P
are the cross-sectional area and perimeter, respectively, and $\nu$ is the
kinematic viscosity of the liquid. For the initial dynamics of the flow rate Q
for t<<tau we find a universal linear dependence, Q(t)= Q_oo(alpha/C)(t/tau),
where Q_oo is the asymptotic steady-state flow rate, alpha is the geometrical
correction factor, and C=P^2/A is the compactness parameter. For the long-time
dynamics Q(t) approaches Q_oo exponentially on the timescale $\tau$, but with a
weakly geometry-dependent prefactor of order unity, determined by the lowest
eigenvalue of the Helmholz equation.


title: Multilevel domain decomposition for electronic structure calculations

abstract:
  We introduce a new multilevel domain decomposition method (MDD) for
electronic structure calculations within semi-empirical and Density Functional
Theory (DFT) frameworks. This method iterates between local fine solvers and
global coarse solvers, in the spirit of domain decomposition methods.


title:
Conditions for propagation and block of excitation in an asymptotic
  model of atrial tissue

abstract:
  Detailed ionic models of cardiac cells are difficult for numerical
simulations because they consist of a large number of equations and contain
small parameters. The presence of small parameters, however, may be used for
asymptotic reduction of the models. Earlier results have shown that the
asymptotics of cardiac equations are non-standard. Here we apply such a novel
asymptotic method to an ionic model of human atrial tissue in order to obtain a
reduced but accurate model for the description of excitation fronts. Numerical
simulations of spiral waves in atrial tissue show that wave fronts of
propagating action potentials break-up and self-terminate. Our model, in
particular, yields a simple analytical criterion of propagation block, which is
similar in purpose but completely different in nature to the `Maxwell rule' in
the FitzHugh-Nagumo type models. Our new criterion agrees with direct numerical
simulations of break-up of re-entrant waves.


title: The Envelope of Projectile Trajectories in Midair

abstract:
  A classic problem of the motion of a point mass (projectile) thrown at an
angle to the horizon is reviewed. The air drag force is taken into account with
the drag factor assumed to be constant. Analytic approach is used for
investigation. Simple analytical formulas are used for the constructing the
envelope of the family of the point mass trajectories. The equation of envelope
is applied for determination of maximum range of flight. The motion of a
baseball is presented as an example.


title: Stochastic dissociation of diatomic molecules

abstract:
  The fragmentation of diatomic molecules under a stochastic force is
investigated both classically and quantum mechanically, focussing on their
dissociation probabilities. It is found that the quantum system is more robust
than the classical one in the limit of a large number of kicks. The opposite
behavior emerges for a small number of kicks. Quantum and classical
dissociation probabilities do not coincide for any parameter combinations of
the force. This can be attributed to a scaling property in the classical system
which is broken quantum mechanically.


title: Using binding free energy to guide ligand design

abstract:
  The molecular distributions obtained from canonical Monte Carlo simulations
can be used to find an approximate interaction energy. This serves as the basis
of a method for estimating the binding free energy for a ligand to a protein
which enables the free energy to be used to direct the design of ligands which
bind to a protein with high affinity.


title: Illustrating the relativity of simultaneity

abstract:
  We present a relativistic space-time diagram that displays in true magnitudes
the readings (daytimes) of two inertial reference frames clocks. One reference
frame is the rest frame for one clock. This diagram shows that two events
simultaneous in one reference frames are not compulsory simultaneous in the
other frame. This approach has a bi-dimensional character.


title: The Backbone of a City

abstract:
  Recent studies have revealed the importance of centrality measures to analyze
various spatial factors affecting human life in cities. Here we show how it is
possible to extract the backbone of a city by deriving spanning trees based on
edge betweenness and edge information. By using as sample cases the cities of
Bologna and San Francisco, we show how the obtained trees are radically
different from those based on edge lengths, and allow an extended comprehension
of the ``skeleton'' of most important routes that so much affects
pedestrian/vehicular flows, retail commerce vitality, land-use separation,
urban crime and collective dynamical behaviours.


title: Logarithmic growth dynamics in software networks

abstract:
  In a recent paper, Krapivsky and Redner (Phys. Rev. E, 71 (2005) 036118)
proposed a new growing network model with new nodes being attached to a
randomly selected node, as well to all ancestors of the target node. The model
leads to a sparse graph with an average degree growing logarithmically with the
system size. Here we present compeling evidence for software networks being the
result of a similar class of growing dynamics. The predicted pattern of network
growth, as well as the stationary in- and out-degree distributions are
consistent with the model. Our results confirm the view of large-scale software
topology being generated through duplication-rewiring mechanisms. Implications
of these findings are outlined.


title: Experimental study of a liquid Xenon PET prototype module

abstract:
  A detector using liquid Xenon in the scintillation mode is studied for
Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The specific design aims at taking full
advantage of the liquid Xenon properties. It does feature a promising
insensitive to any parallax effect. This work reports on the performances of
the first LXe prototype module, equipped with a position sensitive PMT
operating in the VUV range (178 nm).


title: Heat capacities of elastic solids

abstract:
  The work function is embedded in the equation describing the relationship
between the constant volume and constant pressure heat capacities. The
modification of the work function results that the relationship between these
quantities must be changed accordingly. Using the newly derived work functions
of elastic solids the description of the heat capacities and the relationship
between the heat capacities are given for solid phase.


title: The Universe is a Strange Place

abstract:
  Our understanding of ordinary matter is remarkably accurate and complete, but
it is based on principles that are very strange and unfamiliar. As I'll
explain, we've come to understand matter to be a Music of the Void, in a
remarkably literal sense. Just as we physicists finalized that wonderful
understanding, towards the end of the twentieth century, astronomers gave us
back our humility, by informing us that ordinary matter -- what we, and
chemists and biologists, and astronomers themselves, have been studying all
these centuries constitutes only about 5% of the mass of the universe as a
whole. I'll describe some of our promising attempts to rise to this challenge
by improving, rather than merely complicating, our description of the world.


title: Development of the Charge Particle Detector Based on CVD - Diamond

abstract:
  High radiation hardness, chemical resistance, high temperature operation
capabilities stimulate a growing interest to use diamond materials as detectors
of ionizing radiation. Samples of CVD-diamond materials in sizes 12 square mm
and 4 square mm with thickness from 50 microns up to 500 microns have been
grown in INR RAS using a DC glow discharge in a mixture of gases CH4/H2 on
molybdenum substrates.


title:
Two-Photon Excitation of Low-Lying Electronic Quadrupole States in
  Atomic Clusters

abstract:
  A simple scheme of population and detection of low-lying electronic
quadrupole modes in free small deformed metal clusters is proposed. The scheme
is analyzed in terms of the TDLDA (time-dependent local density approximation)
calculations. As test case, the deformed cluster $Na^+_{11}$ is considered.
Long-living quadrupole oscillations are generated via resonant two-photon
(two-dipole) excitation and then detected through the appearance of satellites
in the photoelectron spectra generated by a probe pulse. Femtosecond pump and
probe pulses with intensities $I = 2\cdot 10^{10} - 2\cdot 10^{11} W/cm^2$ and
pulse duration $T = 200 - 500$ fs are found to be optimal. The modes of
interest are dominated by a single electron-hole pair and so their energies,
being combined with the photoelectron data for hole states, allow to gather new
information about mean-field spectra of valence electrons in the HOMO-LUMO
region. Besides, the scheme allows to estimate the lifetime of electron-hole
pairs and hence the relaxation time of electronic energy into ionic heat.


title:
Focusing of laser-generated ion beams by a plasma cylinder: similarity
  theory and the thick lens formula

abstract:
  It is shown that plasma-based optics can be used to guide and focus highly
divergent laser-generated ion beams. A hollow cylinder is considered, which
initially contains a hot electron population. Plasma streaming toward the
cylinder axis maintains a focusing electrostatic field due to the positive
radial pressure gradient. The cylinder works as thick lens, whose parameters
are obtained from similarity theory for freely expanding plasma in cylindrical
geometry. Because the lens parameters are energy dependent, the lens focuses a
selected energy range of ions and works as a monochromator. Because the
focusing is due to the quasineutral part of the expanding plasma, the lens
parameters depend on the hot electron temperature $T_e$ only, and not their
density.


title:
Dyadic Green Function for an Electromagnetic Medium Inspired by General
  Relativity

abstract:
  The dyadic Green function for a homogeneous electromagnetic medium inspired
by the spatiotemporally nonhomogeneous constitutive equations of
gravitationally affected vacuum is derived.


title:
Optical fibers with interferometric path length stability by controlled
  heating for transmission of optical signals and as components in frequency
  standards

abstract:
  We present a simple method to stabilize the optical path length of an optical
fiber to an accuracy of about 1/100 of the laser wavelength. We study the
dynamic response of the path length to modulation of an electrically conductive
heater layer of the fiber. The path length is measured against the laser
wavelength by use of the Pound-Drever-Hall method; negative feedback is applied
via the heater. We apply the method in the context of a cryogenic resonator
frequency standard.


title:
Bidding process in online auctions and winning strategy:rate equation
  approach

abstract:
  Online auctions have expanded rapidly over the last decade and have become a
fascinating new type of business or commercial transaction in this digital era.
Here we introduce a master equation for the bidding process that takes place in
online auctions. We find that the number of distinct bidders who bid $k$ times,
called the $k$-frequent bidder, up to the $t$-th bidding progresses as
$n_k(t)\sim tk^{-2.4}$. The successfully transmitted bidding rate by the
$k$-frequent bidder is obtained as $q_k(t) \sim k^{-1.4}$, independent of $t$
for large $t$. This theoretical prediction is in agreement with empirical data.
These results imply that bidding at the last moment is a rational and effective
strategy to win in an eBay auction.


title:
Temperature dependent anti-Stokes/Stokes ratios under Surface Enhanced
  Raman Scattering (SERS) conditions

abstract:
  We make systematic measurements of Raman anti-Stokes/Stokes (aS/S) ratios
using two different laser excitations (514 and 633 nm) of rhodamine 6G (RH6G)
on dried Ag colloids over a wide range of temperatures (100 to 350 K). We show
that a temperature scan allows the separation of the contributions to the aS/S
ratios from {\it resonance effects} and {\it heating/pumping}, thus decoupling
the two main aspects of the problem. The temperature rise is found to be larger
when employing the 633 nm laser. In addition, we find evidence for mode
specific vibrational pumping at higher laser power densities. We analyze our
results in the framework of ongoing discussion on laser heating/pumping under
SERS conditions.


title: Analytic Study of Shell Models of Turbulence

abstract:
  In this paper we study analytically the viscous `sabra' shell model of energy
turbulent cascade. We prove the global regularity of solutions and show that
the shell model has finitely many asymptotic degrees of freedom, specifically:
a finite dimensional global attractor and globally invariant inertial
manifolds. Moreover, we establish the existence of exponentially decaying
energy dissipation range for the sufficiently smooth forcing.


title: Geometrical Invariants of Matter Motion in Physics

abstract:
  This paper defines the spacetime geometry attached with observor as vacuum
geometry (it defines the idea physical measurement geometry) and the spacetime
geometry attached with matter as spacetime geometry. The initial spacetime
geometry attached with matter is taken as refference geometry (named as initial
co-moving coordinator system), and the current spacetime geometry attached with
matter (named as current co-moving coordinator system) is determined by the
four-dimensional displacement field measured in initial spacetime geometry.
Matter motion is expressed by the motion transformation of basic vectors of
four-dimensional co-moving coordinator system. The transformation of motion
expressed by displacement describes the transient geometry form of matter
motion. In general relativity theory and in gauge field theory, the geometrical
invariant of word-line distance is used to define the geometry of space-time
continuum. However, based on this research, this is only true when the
time-shift is in special form. For more complicated matter motion, the gauge
field theory and general relativity will be failed. The paper shows that
traditional physical conservation laws and the geometrical invariant introduced
by the gauge field theory and general relativity are included in the finite
geometrical field theory as simple special cases.


title:
Enhancing switching in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by
  geometrical resonance

abstract:
  It is shown how the cooperative effect of the geometrical resonance and
stochastic resonance mechanisms explains recent results on bistable
nanomechanical silicon oscillators (R. L. Badzey and P. Mohanty, Nature, vol.
437, 995-998 (2005)).


title: The Kramers-Kronig relations for light moving backwards in time

abstract:
  The recent discovery of light moving backwards in time, when it propagates in
a suitable dispersive medium, obliges us to reexamine the Kramers-Kronig
relations. In their usual form, they are dealing with usual light (moving
forward in time), and they are a consequence of causality. In a similar
fashion, we derive the appropriate form of these relations for light moving
backwards in time, starting, instead of causality, from a principle of
anti-causality, appropriate to such a light.


title:
Multifractal analysis of the long-range correlations in the cardiac
  dynamics of Drosophila melanogaster

abstract:
  Time series of heartbeat activity of humans can exhibit long-range
correlations. In this paper we show that such kind of correlations can exist
for the heartbeat activity of much simpler species like Drosophila
melanogaster. By means of the method of multifractal detrended fluctuation
analysis (MFDFA) we calculate fractal spectra $f(\alpha)$ and $h(q)$ and
investigate the correlation properties of heartbeat activity of Drosophila with
genetic hearth defects for three consequent generations of species. We observe
that opposite to the case of humans the time series of the heartbeat activity
of healtly Drosophila do not have scaling properties. Time series from flies
with genetic defects can be long-range correllated and can have multifractal
properties. The fractal heartbeat dynamics of Drosophila is transferred from
generation to generation.


title: Influence of particle elasticity in shear testers

abstract:
  Two dimensional simulations of non-cohesive granular matter in a biaxial
shear tester are discussed. The effect of particle elasticity on the mechanical
behavior is investigated using two complementary distinct element methods
(DEM): Soft particle molecular dynamics simulations (Particle Flow Code, PFC)
for elastic particles and contact dynamics simulations (CD) for the limit of
perfectly rigid particles. As soon as the system dilates to form shear bands,
it relaxes the elastic strains so that one finds the same stresses for rigid
respectively elastic particles in steady state ow. The principal stresses in
steady state ow are determined. They are proportional to each other, giving
rise to an effective macroscopic friction coefficient which is about 10 %
smaller than the microscopic friction coefficient between the grains.


title: Stability of K-montmorillonite hydrates: Hybrid MC simulations

abstract:
  NPzzT and MuPzzT simulations of K-montmorillonite hydrates were performed
employing hybrid Monte Carlo simulations. Two condition sets were studied, P=1
atm and T= 300 K (ground level conditions), and P=600 atm and T= 394 K; this
last condition mimics a burial depth close to 4 km. For these conditions,
swelling curves as a function of the reservoir water vapor pressure were built.
We found the single layer K-montmorillonite hydrate stable for high vapor
pressures for both, burial and ground level conditions. A simple explanation
for this high stability is given.


title: Majority-vote on directed Barabasi-Albert networks

abstract:
  On directed Barabasi-Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected
by each added site, the Ising model was seen not to show a spontaneous
magnetisation. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation
followed an Arrhenius law for Metropolis and Glauber algorithms, but for Wolff
cluster flipping the magnetisation decayed exponentially with time. On these
networks the Majority-vote model with noise is now studied through Monte Carlo
simulations. However, in this model, the order-disorder phase transition of the
order parameter is well defined in this system. We calculate the value of the
critical noise parameter q_c for several values of connectivity z of the
directed Barabasi-Albert network. The critical exponents beta/nu., gamma/nu and
1/nu were calculated for several values of z.


title: Incoherent interaction of light with electron-acoustic waves

abstract:
  The equations governing the interaction between incoherent light and
electron-acoustic waves are presented. The modulational instability properties
of the system are studied, and the effect of partially coherent light is
discussed. It is shown that partial coherence of the light suppresses the
modulational instability. However, short wavelength perturbations are less
affected, and will therefore dominate in, e.g. pulse filamentation. The results
may be of importance to space plasmas and laser-plasma systems.


title:
Comment on ``Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths,
  weighted networks, and centrality"

abstract:
  In this comment, we investigate a common used algorithm proposed by Newman
[M. E. J. Newman, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 64}, 016132(2001)] to calculate the
betweenness centrality for all vertices. The inaccurateness of Newman's
algorithm is pointed out and a corrected algorithm, also with O($MN$) time
complexity, is given. In addition, the comparison of calculating results for
these two algorithm aiming the protein interaction network of Yeast is shown.


title: The distribution of local fluxes in porous media

abstract:
  We study the distributions of channel openings, local fluxes, and velocities
in a two-dimensional random medium of non-overlapping disks. We present
theoretical arguments supported by numerical data of high precision and find
scaling laws as function of the porosity. For the channel openings we observe a
crossover to a highly correlated regime at small porosities. The distribution
of velocities through these channels scales with the square of the porosity.
The fluxes turn out to be the convolution of velocity and channel width
corrected by a geometrical factor. Furthermore, while the distribution of
velocities follows a Gaussian, the fluxes are distributed according to a
stretched exponential with exponent 1/2. Finally, our scaling analysis allows
to express the tortuosity and pore shape factors from the Kozeny-Carman
equation as direct average properties from microscopic quantities related to
the geometry as well as the flow through the disordered porous medium.


title:
Constant of motion, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of the gravitational
  attraction of two bodies with variable mass

abstract:
  The Lagrangian, the Hamiltonian and the constant of motion of the
gravitational attraction of two bodies when one of them has variable mass is
considered. The relative and center of mass coordinates are not separated, and
choosing the reference system in the body with much higher mass, it is possible
to reduce the system of equations to 1-D problem. Then, a constant of motion,
the Lagrangian, and the Hamiltonian are obtained. The trajectories found in the
space position-velocity,($x,v$), are qualitatively different from those on the
space position-momentum,($x,p$).


title:
Including of triple excitations in the relativistic coupled-cluster
  formalism and calculation of Na properties

abstract:
  A practical high-accuracy relativistic method of atomic structure
calculations for univalent atoms is presented. The method is rooted in the
coupled-cluster formalism and includes non-perturbative treatment of single and
double excitations from the core and single, double and triple excitations
involving valence electron. Triple excitations of core electrons are included
in the fourth-order of many-body perturbation theory. In addition,
contributions from the disconnected excitations are incorporated. Evaluation of
matrix elements includes all-order dressing of lines and vertices of the
diagrams. The resulting formalism for matrix elements is complete through the
fourth order and sums certain chains of diagrams to all orders. With the
developed method we compute removal energies, magnetic-dipole
hyperfine-structure constants A and electric-dipole amplitudes. We find that
the removal energies are reproduced within 0.01-0.03% and the hyperfine
constants of the 3s_1/2 and 3p_1/2 states with a better than 0.1% accuracy. The
computed dipole amplitudes for the principal 3s_1/2 - 3p_1/2;3/2 transitions
are in an agreement with 0.05%-accurate experimental data.


title:
Multipolar radiation and the gauge invariant reduction of multipole
  tensors

abstract:
  Compact general formulae for the energy, momentum and angular momentum
radiated by confined systems of charges and currents are presented in terms of
their multipole Cartesian tensors. Besides the usual electric and magnetic
multipoles, a family of toroid (anapole) electromagnetic tensors, as well as
some mean squared radii contributions are standed out through a method given in
previous works of the authors.


title: Comment on "Prospect of optical frequency standard based on a 43Ca+ ion"

abstract:
  A recent evaluation of the frequency uncertainty expected for an optical
frequency standard based on a single trapped $^{43}$Ca$^+$ ion was published in
Phys. Rev. A {\bf 72} (2005) 043404. The paper contains some interesting
information like systematic frequency shifts but fails to depict their
uncertainty, leading to confuse accuracy and precision. The conclusions about
the major contribution to the frequency shift are not consistent with the
presented calculations and omit comparisons with data published previously.


title: A resolution of the Loschmidt paradox on the Boltzmann H Theorem

abstract:
  A resolution of the Loschmidt paradox on the Boltzmann H theorem is proposed,
based on some new concepts concerning motion backwards in time. The key to this
resolution, taken from our interpretation of motion backwards in time, is the
associated notion of negative mass, attributed to particles moving backwards in
time, which we call retro particles, or simply retrons.


title: Inverse Statistics for Stocks and Markets

abstract:
  In recent publications, the authors have considered inverse statistics of the
Dow Jones Industrial Averaged (DJIA) [1-3]. Specifically, we argued that the
natural candidate for such statistics is the investment horizons distribution.
This is the distribution of waiting times needed to achieve a predefined level
of return obtained from detrended historic asset prices. Such a distribution
typically goes through a maximum at a time coined the {\em optimal investment
horizon}, $\tau^*_\rho$, which defines the most likely waiting time for
obtaining a given return $\rho$. By considering equal positive and negative
levels of return, we reported in [2,3] on a quantitative gain/loss asymmetry
most pronounced for short horizons. In the present paper, this gain/loss
asymmetry is re-visited for 2/3 of the individual stocks presently in the DJIA.
We show that this gain/loss asymmetry established for the DJIA surprisingly is
{\em not} present in the time series of the individual stocks. The most
reasonable explanation for this fact is that the gain/loss asymmetry observed
in the DJIA as well as in the SP500 and Nasdaq are due to movements in the
market as a whole, {\it i.e.}, cooperative cascade processes (or
``synchronization'') which disappear in the inverse statistics of the
individual stocks.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.data-an q-fin.ST


title: A Cost-Effective Design for a Neutrino Factory

abstract:
  There have been active efforts in the U.S., Europe, and Japan on the design
of a Neutrino Factory. This type of facility produces intense beams of
neutrinos from the decay of muons in a high energy storage ring. In the U.S., a
second detailed Feasibility Study (FS2) for a Neutrino Factory was completed in
2001. Since that report was published, new ideas in bunching, cooling and
acceleration of muon beams have been developed. We have incorporated these
ideas into a new facility design, which we designate as Study 2B (ST2B), that
should lead to significant cost savings over the FS2 design.


title:
High Efficiency Detection of Argon Scintillation Light of 128nm Using
  LAAPDs

abstract:
  The possibility of efficient collection and detection of vacuum ultraviolet
light as emitted by argon, krypton, and xenon gas is studied. Absolute quantum
efficiencies of large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) are derived at these
wavelengths. VUV light of wavelengths down to the 128nm of Ar emission is shown
to be detectable with silicon avalanche photodiodes at quantum efficiencies
above 42%. Flexible Mylar foil overcoated with Al+MgF$_2$ is measured to have a
specular reflectivity of $\sim$91% at argon emission wavelength. Low-pressure
argon gas is shown to emit significant amounts of non-UV radiation. The average
energy expenditure for the creation of non-UV photons in argon gas at this
pressure is measured to be below 378 eV.


title:
Na-montmorillonite hydrates under ethane rich reservoirs: NPzzT and
  MuPzzT simulations

abstract:
  Na-montmorillonite hydrates in presence of ethane molecules are studied by
means of hybrid Monte Carlo simulations in the NPzzT and MuPzzT ensembles. The
NPzzT ensemble allows us to study the interlaminar distance as a function of
water and ethane content. These data show clear plateaus for lower ethane
contents and mainly for water contents consistent with the formation of a
single water layer. In addition, from this ensemble the structure for some of
these interlaminar compositions were analyzed. For systems containing few
ethane molecules and water enough to complete a single layer, it was observed
that ethane mainly situates close to the interlayer midplane and adopts a
nearly parallel arrangement to the clay surface. On the other hand, the MuPzzT
ensemble allows us to determine the interlaminar distance and water-ethane
content for any specific reservoir. Here, some important findings are the
following: the partial exchange of water by ethane molecules that enhances for
decreasing the water vapor pressure; the obtention of a practically constant
interlaminar space distance as a function of the water vapor pressure; the
conservation of ion solvation shells; the enhancement of the water-ethane
exchange for burial conditions; and finally, the incapability for a dehydrated
clay mineral to swell in a dry and rich ethane atmosphere.


title: Photonic band mixing in linear chains of optically coupled micro-spheres

abstract:
  The paper deals with optical excitations arising in a one-dimensional chain
of identical spheres due optical coupling of whispering gallery modes (WGM).
The band structure of these excitations depends significantly on the
inter-mixing between WGMs characterized by different values of angular quantum
number, $l$. We develop a general theory of the photonic band structure of
these excitations taking these effects into account and applied it to several
cases of recent experimental interest. In the case of bands originating from
WQMs with the angular quantum number of the same parity, the calculated
dispersion laws are in good qualitative agreement with recent experiment
results. Bands resulting from hybridization of excitations resulting from
whispering gallery modes with different parity of $l$ exhibits anomalous
dispersion properties characterized by a gap in the allowed values of
\emph{wave numbers} and divergence of group velocity.


title:
Multiscale behavior and fractional kinetics from the data of solar wind
  - magnetosphere coupling

abstract:
  Multiscale phenomena are ubiquitous in nature as well in laboratories. A
broad range of interacting space and time scales determines the dynamics of
many systems which are inherently multiscale. In most research disciplines
multiscale phenomena are not only prominent, but also they have often played
the dominant role. In the solar wind - magnetosphere interaction, multiscale
features coexist along with the global or coherent features. Underlying these
phenomena are the mathematical and theoretical approaches such as phase
transitions, turbulence, self-organization, fractional kinetics, percolation,
etc. The fractional kinetic equations provide a suitable mathematical framework
for multiscale behavior. In the fractional kinetic equations the multiscale
nature is described through fractional derivatives and the solutions of these
equations yield non-convergent moments, showing strong multiscale behavior.
Using a L\'{e}vy-flights approach, we analyze the data of the magnetosphere and
the solar wind. Based on this analysis we propose a model of the multiscale
features and compare it with the solutions of diffusion type equations. The
equation with fractional spatial derivative shows strong multiscale behavior
with divergent moments. On the other hand the equation with space dependent
diffusion coefficients yield convergent moments, indicating Gaussian type
solutions and absence of long tails typically associated with multiscale
behavior.


title:
A conclusive demonstration of vibrational pumping and determination of
  SERS cross sections

abstract:
  We provide conclusive demonstration of vibrational pumping under Surface
Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) conditions by performing anti-Stokes/Stokes
ratio measurements down to 10 K using dried silver colloids, the dye rhodamine
6G and 676 nm laser excitation. The method we propose allows the measurement of
the SERS cross sections for different modes and the determination of the
asymmetry between the anti-Stokes and Stokes SERS cross sections.


title:
Preventing transition to turbulence: a viscosity stratification does not
  always help

abstract:
  In channel flows a step on the route to turbulence is the formation of
streaks, often due to algebraic growth of disturbances. While a variation of
viscosity in the gradient direction often plays a large role in
laminar-turbulent transition in shear flows, we show that it has, surprisingly,
little effect on the algebraic growth. Non-uniform viscosity therefore may not
always work as a flow-control strategy for maintaining the flow as laminar.


title: Quantum Mechanics and Black Holes

abstract:
  This paper discusses the existence of black holes from the foundations of
quantum mechanics. It is found that quantum mechanics rule out a possible
gravitational collapse.


title: Spectroscopy in Extremely Thin Vapor Cells : Sensitivity Issues

abstract:
  This communication focuses on sensitivity issues - a long-time concern of J.
Hall- in the spectroscopic analysis of Extremely Thin Cell of dilute vapor.
With these small and often submicrometric slices of vapor, the most uncommon
features are the relatively small number of interacting atoms, and the fact
that essential results are already obtained in the frame of linear
spectroscopy.


title:
Scaling and memory of intraday volatility return intervals in stock
  market

abstract:
  We study the return interval $\tau$ between price volatilities that are above
a certain threshold $q$ for 31 intraday datasets, including the Standard &
Poor's 500 index and the 30 stocks that form the Dow Jones Industrial index.
For different threshold $q$, the probability density function $P_q(\tau)$
scales with the mean interval $\bar{\tau}$ as
$P_q(\tau)={\bar{\tau}}^{-1}f(\tau/\bar{\tau})$, similar to that found in daily
volatilities. Since the intraday records have significantly more data points
compared to the daily records, we could probe for much higher thresholds $q$
and still obtain good statistics. We find that the scaling function $f(x)$ is
consistent for all 31 intraday datasets in various time resolutions, and the
function is well approximated by the stretched exponential, $f(x)\sim e^{-a
x^\gamma}$, with $\gamma=0.38\pm 0.05$ and $a=3.9\pm 0.5$, which indicates the
existence of correlations. We analyze the conditional probability distribution
$P_q(\tau|\tau_0)$ for $\tau$ following a certain interval $\tau_0$, and find
$P_q(\tau|\tau_0)$ depends on $\tau_0$, which demonstrates memory in intraday
return intervals. Also, we find that the mean conditional interval
$<\tau|\tau_0>$ increases with $\tau_0$, consistent with the memory found for
$P_q(\tau|\tau_0)$. Moreover, we find that return interval records have long
term correlations with correlation exponents similar to that of volatility
records.


title:
Strongly localized plasmon oscillations in a cluster of two metallic
  nanospheres and their influence on spontaneous emission of an atom

abstract:
  The plasmon oscillations in a cluster of two metallic nanospheres are studied
theoretically. Particular attention is paid to the case of nearly touching
spheres. Simple analytical expressions have been found for the spectra of
plasmon oscillations of different symmetry in this case. A new type of the
plasmon oscillations, which are strongly localized between the spheres, and
which totally disappear at separation of the spheres, has been discovered. The
found plasmon oscillations have a dramatic effect on optical properties of an
atom localized between the spheres.


title: Do Maxwell's equations need revision? - A methodological note

abstract:
  We propose a modification of Maxwell's macroscopic fundamental set of
equations in vacuum in order to clarify Faraday's law of induction. Using this
procedure, the Lorentz force is no longer separate from Maxwell's equations.
The Lorentz transformations are shown to be related to the convective
derivative, which is introduced in the electrodynamics of moving bodies. The
new formulation is in complete agreement with the actual set of Maxwell's
equations for bodies at rest, the only novel feature is a new kind of
electromotive force. Heinrich Hertz was the first to propose a similar
electrodynamic theory of moving bodies, although its interpretation was based
on the existence of the so called "aether". Examining the problem of a moving
circuit with this procedure, it is shown that a new force of induction should
act on a circuit moving through an inhomogeneous vector potential field. This
overlooked induction force is related to the Aharanov-Bohm effect, but can also
be related to the classical electromagnetic field when an external magnetic
field is acting on the system. Technological issues, such as the so called
Marinov motor are also addressed.


title:
Laser spectroscopy with nanometric gas cells : distance dependence of
  atom-surface interaction and collisions under confinement

abstract:
  The high sensitivity of Laser Spectroscopy has made possible the exploration
of atomic resonances in newly designed "nanometric" gas cells, whose local
thickness varies from 20nm to more than 1000 nm. Following the initial
observation of the optical analogous of the coherent Dicke microwave narrowing,
the newest prospects include the exploration of long-range atom surface van der
Waals interaction with spatial resolution in an unprecedented range of
distances, modification of atom dielectric resonant coupling under the
influence of the coupling between the two neighbouring dielectric media, and
even the possible modification of interatomic collisions processes under the
effect of confinement.


title: Bonabeau hierarchy models revisited

abstract:
  What basic processes generate hierarchy in a collective? The Bonabeau model
provides us a simple mechanism based on randomness which develops
self-organization through both winner/looser effects and relaxation process. A
phase transition between egalitarian and hierarchic states has been found both
analytically and numerically in previous works. In this paper we present a
different approach: by means of a discrete scheme we develop a mean field
approximation that not only reproduces the phase transition but also allows us
to characterize the complexity of hierarchic phase. In the same philosophy, we
study a new version of the Bonabeau model, developed by Stauffer et al. Several
previous works described numerically the presence of a similar phase transition
in this later version. We find surprising results in this model that can be
interpreted properly as the non-existence of phase transition in this version
of Bonabeau model, but a changing in fixed point structure.


title: Emergence of Spacetime

abstract:
  Starting from a background Zero Point Field (or Dark Energy) we show how an
array of oscillators at the Planck scale leads to the formation of elementary
particles and spacetime and also to a cosmology consistent with latest
observations.


title: Inverse problem for the retarded field of an arbitrary moving charge

abstract:
  It is assumed that the Lienard-Wiechert fields of an arbitrary moving charge
is measured or predefined as a function of time. The position of the charge is
calculated as a function of the retarded time.