title:
Exact solutions for equilibrium configurations of charged conducting
  liquid jets

abstract:
  A wide class of exact solutions is obtained for the problem of finding the
equilibrium configurations of charged jets of a conducting liquid; these
configurations correspond to the finite-amplitude azimuthal deformations of the
surface of a round jet. A critical value of the linear electric charge density
is determined, for which the jet surface becomes self-intersecting, and the jet
splits into two. It exceeds the density value required for the excitation of
the linear azimuthal instability of the round jet. Hence, there exists a range
of linear charge density values, where our solutions may be stable with respect
to small azimuthal perturbations.


title: First tests of a Micromegas TPC in a magnetic field

abstract:
  Since the summer of 2003, a large Micromegas TPC prototype (1000 channels, 50
cm drift, 50 cm diameter) has been operated in a 2T superconducting magnet at
Saclay. A description of this apparatus and first results from cosmic ray tests
are presented. Additional measurements using simpler detectors with a laser
source, an X-ray gun and radio-active sources are discussed. Drift velocity and
gain measurements, electron attachment and aging studies for a Micromegas TPC
are presented. In particular, using simulations and measurements, it is shown
that an $Argon-CF_4$ mixture is optimal for operation at a future Linear
Collider.


title:
Scaling and a Fokker-Planck model for fluctuations in geomagnetic
  indices and comparison with solar wind epsilon as seen by WIND and ACE

abstract:
  The evolution of magnetospheric indices on temporal scales shorter than that
of substorms is characterized by bursty, intermittent events that may arise
from turbulence intrinsic to the magnetosphere or may reflect solar
wind-magnetosphere coupling. This leads to a generic problem of distinguishing
between the features of the system and those of the driver. We quantify scaling
properties of short term (up to few hours) fluctuations in the geomagnetic
indices AL and AU during solar minimum and maximum along with the parameter
epsilon that is a measure of the solar wind driver. We find that self-similar
statistics provide a good approximation for the observed scaling properties of
fluctuations in the geomagnetic indices, regardless of the solar activity
level, and in the epsilon parameter at solar maximum. This self-similarity
persists for fluctuations on time scales at least up to about 1-2 hours. The
scaling exponent of AU index fluctuations show dependence on the solar cycle
and the trend follows that found in the scaling of fluctuations in epsilon. The
values of their corresponding scaling exponents, however, are always distinct.
Fluctuations in the AL index are insensitive to the solar cycle as well as
being distinct from those in the epsilon parameter. This approximate
self-similar scaling leads to a Fokker-Planck model which, we show, captures
the probability density function of fluctuations and provides a stochastic
dynamical equation (Langevin equation) for time series of the geomagnetic
indices.


title:
The Outer Tracker Detector of the HERA-B Experiment. Part II: Front-End
  Electronics

abstract:
  The HERA-B Outer Tracker is a large detector with 112674 drift chamber
channels. It is exposed to a particle flux of up to 2x10^5/cm^2/s thus coping
with conditions similar to those expected for the LHC experiments. The
front-end readout system, based on the ASD-8 chip and a customized TDC chip, is
designed to fulfil the requirements on low noise, high sensitivity, rate
tolerance, and high integration density. The TDC system is based on an ASIC
which digitizes the time in bins of about 0.5 ns within a total of 256 bins.
The chip also comprises a pipeline to store data from 128 events which is
required for a deadtime-free trigger and data acquisition system. We report on
the development, installation, and commissioning of the front-end electronics,
including the grounding and noise suppression schemes, and discuss its
performance in the HERA-B experiment.


title: On Sommerfeld precursor in a Lorentz medium

abstract:
  A one-dimensional electromagnetic problem of Sommerfeld precursor evolution,
resulting from a finite rise-time signal excitation in a dispersive Lorentz
medium is considered. The effect of the initial signal rate of growth as well
as of the medium dumping on the precursor shape and its magnitude is discussed.
The analysis applied is based on an approach employing uniform asymptotic
expansions. In addition, new approximate formulas are given for the location of
the distant saddle points which affect local frequency and dumping of the
precursor. The results obtained are illustrated numerically and compared with
the results known from the literature.


title:
Bond-order correlation energies for small Si-containing molecules
  compared with ab initio results from low-order Moller-Plesset perturbation
  theory

abstract:
  The present study of small molecules containing silicon has been motivated by
(a) the considerable interest being shown currently in the kinetics and
reactivity of such molecules, and (b) the biotechnological potential of
silicon-derivate surfaces as substrates in the adsorption of, for instance,
amino acids and proteins. Therefore, we have studied by (i) a semi-empirical
approach and (ii) an ab initio procedure employing low-order Moller-Plesset
perturbation theory, the molecular correlation energies of some neutral closed
and open shell silicon-containing molecules in the series SiXnYm. Procedure (i)
is shown to have particular merit for the correlation of the ionic members
studied in the above series, while the ab initio procedures employed come into
their own for neutral species.


title: Application of Multifractal Measures to Tehran Price Index

abstract:
  We report an empirical study of Tehran Price Index (TEPIX). To analyze our
data we use various methods like as, rescaled range analysis ($R/S$), modified
rescaled range analysis (Lo's method), Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and
generalized Hurst exponents analysis. Based on numerical results, the scaling
range of TEPIX returns is specified, long memory effect or long range
correlation property in this market is investigated, characteristic exponent
for probability distribution function of TEPIX returns is derived and finally
the stage of development in Tehran Stock Exchange is determined.


title: Special Theory of Relativity in Curved Space Time

abstract:
  Space-time measurements, of gedanken experiments of special relativity need
modification in curved spaces-times. It is found that in a space-time with
metric $g$, the special relativistic factor $\gamma$, has to be replaced by
$\gamma_g=1/\sqrt{g_{\mu \nu} V^\mu V^\nu}$, where $V_\mu=(1,v,0,0)$, is the
4-velocity, and $v$ the relative velocity between the two frames Examples are
given for Schwarzschild metric, Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, and the
G\"{o}del metric. Among the novelties are paradoxical tachyonic states, with
$\gamma_g$ becoming imaginary, for velocities less than that of light, due to
space-time curvature. Relativistic mass becomes a function of space-time
curvature, $m=\sqrt{g_{\mu \nu}P^\mu P^\nu}$, where $P_\mu=(E,p)$ is the
4-momentum, signaling a new form of Mach's principle, in which a global object
- namely the metric tensor, is effecting interia.


title:
Inferring the success parameter p of a binomial model from small samples
  affected by background

abstract:
  The problem of inferring the binomial parameter p from x successes obtained
in n trials is reviewed and extended to take into account the presence of
background, that can affect the data in two ways: a) fake successes are due to
a background modeled as a Poisson process of known intensity; b) fake trials
are due to a background modeled as a Poisson process of known intensity, each
trial being characterized by a known success probability p_b.


title: Applications of geometric algebra to black holes and Hawking radiation

abstract:
  We discuss the applications of Gauge Theory of Gravity (GTG) within the
language of geometric algebra to black holes and Hawking radiation.
Applications include the Unruh effect, the Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations in
several backgrounds, such as the de Sitter and Rindler metrics as well as
spherically and axially black hole backgrounds. The analysis is also
generalised to allow the presence of magnetic monopoles. We rederive the
Hawking temperature for all cases. The derivation of both the correct
Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics as well as the Hawking temperature may
suggest that the method of calculations we employ here - geometric algebra - is
really powerful in dealing with the problems in various strong gravitational
backgrounds.


title: Multilongitudinal mode emission in ring cavity class B lasers

abstract:
  In this article we review recent theoretical and experimental developments on
multilongitudinal-mode emission in ring cavity lasers, paying special attention
to class B lasers. We consider both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened
amplifying media as well as the limits of small and large cavity losses (i.e.,
we treat cases within and outside the uniform field limit approximation). In
particular we discuss up to what extent the experimental observations of
self-mode locking in erbium-doped fiber lasers carried out in recent years are
a manifestation of the Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken instability.


title: On the stability of optical lattices

abstract:
  In this article, we present an analysis of the stability of optical lattices.
Starting with the study of an unstable optical lattice, we establish a
necessary and sufficient condition for intrinsic phase stability, and discuss
two practical solutions to fulfill this condition, namely minimal and folded
optical lattices. We then present a particular example of two-dimensional
folded optical lattice which has the advantage of being symmetric, power
recycling and having a convenient geometry. We have used this lattice for laser
collimation of a continuous cesium beam in a fountain geometry.


title: Lifetime Measurement of the 8s Level in Francium

abstract:
  We measure the lifetime of the 8s level on a magneto-optically trapped sample
of ^{210}Fr atoms with time-correlated single-photon counting. The 7P_{1/2}
state serves as the resonant intermediate level for two-photon excitation of
the 8s level completed with a 1300 nm laser. Analysis of the fluorescence decay
through the the 7P_{3/2} level gives 53.30 +- 0.44 ns for the 8s level
lifetime.


title: Accurate discretization of advection-diffusion equations

abstract:
  We present an exact mathematical transformation which converts a wide class
of advection-diffusion equations into a form allowing simple and direct spatial
discretization in all dimensions, and thus the construction of accurate and
more efficient numerical algorithms. These discretized forms can also be viewed
as master equations which provides an alternative mesoscopic interpretation of
advection-diffusion processes in terms of diffusion with spatially varying
hopping rates.


title:
Dissociation spectrum of H$_2^+$ from a short, intense infrared laser
  pulse: vibration structure and focal volume effects

abstract:
  The dissociation spectrum of the hydrogen molecular ion by short intense
pulses of infrared light is calculated. The time-dependent Schr\"odinger
equation is discretized and integrated in position and momentum space. For
few-cycle pulses one can resolve vibrational structure that commonly arises in
the experimental preparation of the molecular ion from the neutral molecule. We
calculate the corresponding energy spectrum and analyze the dependence on the
pulse time-delay, pulse length, and intensity of the laser for $\lambda \sim
790$nm. We conclude that the proton spectrum is a both a sensitive probe of the
vibrational dynamics and the laser pulse. Finally we compare our results with
recent measurements of the proton spectrum for 55 fs pulses using a Ti:Sapphire
laser ($\lambda \sim 790 $nm). Integrating over the laser focal volume, for the
intensity $I \sim 3 \times 10^{15}$W cm$^{-2}$, we find our results are in
excellent agreement with these experiments.


title:
Effects of Static Magnetic Field on Growth of Leptospire, Leptospira
  interrogans serovar canicola: Immunoreactivity and Cell Division

abstract:
  The effects of the exposure of the bacterium, Leptospira interrogans serovar
canicola to a constant magnetic field with magnetic flux density from a
permanent ferrite magnet = 140 mT were studied. Changes in Leptospira cells
after their exposure to the field were determined on the basis of changes in
their growth behavior and agglutination immunoreactivity with a homologous
antiserum using darkfield microscopy together with visual imaging. The data
showed that the exposed Leptospira cells have lower densities and lower
agglutination immunoreactivity than the unexposed control group. Interestingly,
some of the exposed Leptospira cells showed abnormal morphologies such as large
lengths. We discussed some of the possible reasons for these observations.


title:
Novel Features in 2D and 3D Neutral, Cationic, and Anionic Gold Clusters
  Au_{5 \leq n \leq 8}^Z (Z = 0, \pm)

abstract:
  Low-energy structures are found on the potential energy surfaces of the
neutral, cationic, and anionic gold clusters Au_{5 \leq n \leq 8}^Z (Z = 0,
\pm) and on the neutral potential energy surface of Au_9. These structures
provide insights on the 2D - 3D transition in small neutral and charged gold
clusters. Two metastable long-lived dianions of gold clusters are reported as
well.


title: Why does the meter beat the second?

abstract:
  The French Academy units of time and length - the second and the meter - are
traditionally considered independent from each other. However, it is a matter
of fact that a meter simple pendulum beats virtually the second in each
oscillation, a `surprising' coincidence that has no physical reason. We shortly
review the steps that led to the choice of the meter as the ten millionth part
of the quadrant of the meridian, and rise the suspicion that, indeed, the
length of the seconds pendulum was in fact the starting point in establishing
the actual length of the meter.


title:
Arrow diagram method based on overlapping electronic groups: corrections
  to the linked AD theorem

abstract:
  Arrow diagram (AD) method (L. Kantorovich and B. Zapol, J. Chem. Phys.
\textbf{96}, 8420 (1992); \emph{ibid}, 8427) provides a convenient means of
systematic calculation of arbitrary matrix elements, $<\Psi|\hat{O}|\Psi>$, of
symmetrical operators, $\hat{O}$, in quantum chemistry when the total system
wavefunction $\Psi$ is represented as an antisymmetrised product of overlapping
many-electron group functions, $\Phi_{A}$, corresponding to each part (group)
$A$ of the system: $\Psi=\hat{A}\prod_{A}\Phi_{A}$. For extended (e.g.
infinite) systems the calculation is somewhat difficult, however, as mean
values of the operators require that each term of the diagram expansion is to
be divided by the normalisation integral $S=<\Psi|\Psi>$, which is given by an
AD expansion as well. A linked AD theorem suggested previously (L. Kantorovich,
Int. J. Quant. Chem. \textbf{76}, 511 (2000)) to deal with this problem is
reexamined in this paper using a simple Hartree-Fock problem of a
one-dimensional ring of infinite size which is found to be analytically
solvable. We find that corrections to the linked AD theorem are necessary in a
general case of a finite overlap between different electronic groups. A general
method of constructing these corrections in a form of a power series expansion
with respect to overlap is suggested. It is illustrated on the ring model
system.


title: First operation of a liquid Argon TPC embedded in a magnetic field

abstract:
  We have operated for the first time a liquid Argon TPC immersed in a magnetic
field up to 0.55 T. We show that the imaging properties of the detector are not
affected by the presence of the magnetic field. The magnetic bending of the
ionizing particle allows to discriminate their charge and estimate their
momentum. These figures were up to now not accessible in the non-magnetized
liquid Argon TPC.


title:
Backward error analysis for multisymplectic discretizations of
  Hamiltonian PDEs

abstract:
  Several recently developed multisymplectic schemes for Hamiltonian PDEs have
been shown to preserve associated local conservation laws and constraints very
well in long time numerical simulations. Backward error analysis for PDEs, or
the method of modified equations, is a useful technique for studying the
qualitative behavior of a discretization and provides insight into the
preservation properties of the scheme. In this paper we initiate a backward
error analysis for PDE discretizations, in particular of multisymplectic box
schemes for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We show that the associated
modified differential equations are also multisymplectic and derive the
modified conservation laws which are satisfied to higher order by the numerical
solution. Higher order preservation of the modified local conservation laws is
verified numerically.


title:
Local Lagrangian Formalism and Discretization of the Heisenberg Magnet
  Model

abstract:
  In this paper we develop the Lagrangian and multisymplectic structures of the
Heisenberg magnet (HM) model which are then used as the basis for geometric
discretizations of HM. Despite a topological obstruction to the existence of a
global Lagrangian density, a local variational formulation allows one to derive
local conservation laws using a version of N\"other's theorem from the formal
variational calculus of Gelfand-Dikii. Using the local Lagrangian form we
extend the method of Marsden, Patrick and Schkoller to derive local
multisymplectic discretizations directly from the variational principle. We
employ a version of the finite element method to discretize the space of
sections of the trivial magnetic spin bundle $N = M\times S^2$ over an
appropriate space-time $M$. Since sections do not form a vector space, the
usual FEM bases can be used only locally with coordinate transformations
intervening on element boundaries, and conservation properties are guaranteed
only within an element. We discuss possible ways of circumventing this problem,
including the use of a local version of the method of characteristics,
non-polynomial FEM bases and Lie-group discretization methods.


title: Governing Equations of Compressible Turbulence

abstract:
  By the nonstandard analysis theory of turbulence, the governing equations of
compressible turbulence are given. The equations can hold at non-uniform
points, in fact, are new kind of equations. There are three choices. In the
choice one, the second-order infinitesimal quantities are neglected, the closed
equations about the point(monad)-average quantities are obtained. In other two
choices, the closed equations, in which the third-order infinitesimal
quantities are omitted, are given and about the instantaneous, point-averaged
and fluctuant quantities.


title:
Spin-orbit interaction of photons and fine splitting of levels in ring
  dielectric resonator

abstract:
  We consider eigenmodes of a ring resonator made of a circular dielectric
waveguide. Taking into account the polarization corrections, which are
responsible for the interaction of polarization and orbital properties of
electromagnetic waves (spin-orbit interaction of photons), results in fine
splitting of the levels of scalar approximation. The basic features of this
fine structure of the levels are similar to that of electron levels in an atom.
Namely: 1) sublevels of the fine structure are defined by an additional quantum
number: product of helicity of the wave and its orbital moment; 2) for a
waveguide with a parabolic profile of the refractive index each level of the
scalar approximation splits into N sublevels (N is the principal quantum
number), while for any other profile it splits into 2 sublevels; 3) each level
of the fine structure remains twice degenerated due to local axial symmetry of
the waveguide. Numerical estimations show that the described fine splitting of
levels may be observed in optic-fiber ring resonators.


title: High-energy proton induced damage in Lead Tungstate calorimeter crystals

abstract:
  Eight production quality PbWO4 crystals of CMS have been irradiated in a 20
GeV/c proton beam up to fluences of 5.4E13cm-2. The damage recovery in these
crystals has been followed for over a year. Comparative irradiations with 60Co
photons have been performed on seven other crystals using a dose rate of 1
kGy/h. In proton irradiated crystals the light transmission band-edge shifts
and the induced absorption length is proportional to the inverse of the 4th
power of the wavelength. In gamma-irradiated crystals the band-edge does not
shift but formation of absorption bands is seen clearly. The absorption length
induced by gamma-radiation in crystals verified to have excellent radiation
hardness, saturates at a level below 0.5 m-1. In the case of protons, we
observe no correlation with the pre-characterised radiation hardness of the
crystals and the induced absorption increases linearly with fluence. After a
fluence of 5E13 cm-2, an induced absorption length of approx. 15m-1 is seen
with no sign of saturation. These observations provide strong evidence that
high-energy protons create damage that cannot be reproduced with
gamma-irradiation. However, these hadronic effects manifest themselves only at
integral fluences well beyond 1E12cm-2 and most likely would escape undetected
at lower fluences. A large fraction of the damage, both in proton- and
gamma-irradiated crystals, is either stable or recovers very slowly.


title:
Oscillations in DC driven "barrier" discharges: numerical solutions,
  stability analysis and phase diagram

abstract:
  A short gas discharge layer sandwiched with a semiconductor layer between
planar electrodes shows a variety of spatio-temporal patterns. The paper
focusses on the spatially homogeneous spontaneous oscillations while a DC
voltage is applied; the results on these homogeneous oscillations apply equally
to a planar discharge in series with any resistor with capacitance. We define
the minimal model, identify its independent dimensionless parameters and then
present results of the full time-dependent numerical solutions of the model as
well as of a linear stability analysis of the stationary state. Full numerical
solutions and the results of the stability analysis agree very well. The
stability analysis is then used for calculating bifurcation diagrams. We find
semi-quantitative agreement with experiment for the diagram of bifurcations
from stationary to oscillating solutions as well as for amplitude and frequency
of the developing limit cycle oscillations.


title: A transfer matrix method for the analysis of fractal quantum potentials

abstract:
  The scattering properties of quantum particles on fractal potentials at
different stages of fractal growth are obtained by means of the transfer matrix
method. This approach can be easily adopted for project assignments in
introductory quantum mechanics for undergraduates. The reflection coefficients
for both the fractal potential and the finite periodic potential are calculated
and compared. It is shown that the reflection coefficient for the fractal has a
self-similar structure associated with the fractal distribution of the
potential.


title:
The mathematical representation of physical objects and relativistic
  Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  The mathematical representation of the physical objects determines which
mathematical branch will be applied during the physical analysis in the systems
studied. The difference among non-quantum physics, like classic or relativistic
physics, and quantum physics, especially in quantum field theory, is nothing
else than the difference between the mathematics that is used on both branches
of the physics. A common physical and mathematical origin for the analysis of
the different systems brings both forms (quantum and classic) of understanding
the nature mechanisms closer to each other.


title:
Microscale application of column theory for high resolution force and
  displacement sensing

abstract:
  We present the design, fabrication and experimental validation of a novel
device that exploits the amplification of displacement and attenuation of
structural stiffness in the post-buckling deformation of slender columns to
obtain pico-Newton force and nanometer displacement resolution even under an
optical microscope. The extremely small size, purely mechanical sensing scheme
and vacuum compatibility of the instrument makes it compatible with existing
visualization tools of nanotechnology. The instrument has a wide variety of
potential applications ranging from electro-mechanical characterization of one
dimensional solids to single biological cells.


title: Resonant dt-mu formation in condensed hydrogens

abstract:
  Resonant formation of the muonic molecule dt-mu in t-mu atom collision with
condensed H/D/T targets is considered. A specific resonance correlation
function, which is a generalization of the Van Hove single-particle correlation
function, is introduced to calculate the resonant-formation rate in such
targets. This function is derived in the case of a polycrystalline harmonic
solid. Also is found a general asymptotic form of the resonance correlation
function for high momentum transfers, valid for any solid or dense-fluid
hydrogen-isotope target.
  Numerical calculations of the rates are performed for solid molecular
hydrogens at zero pressure, using the Debye model of an isotropic solid. It is
shown that condensed-matter effects in resonant formation are strong, which
explains some unexpected experimental results. In particular, the resonance
profiles are affected by large zero-point vibrations of the hydrogen-isotope
molecules bound in the considered crystals, even for high (1 eV) collision
energies. This is important for explanation of the time-of-flight measurements
of the dt-mu-formation rate, carried out at TRIUMF. The calculated mean values
of the dt-mu-formation rate in solid D/T targets, for fixed target temperatures
and steady-state conditions, are in good agreement with the PSI and RIKEN-RAL
experiments.


title: Spectral line shapes in low frequency turbulent tokamak plasmas

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate the influence of low frequency turbulence on
Doppler spectral line shapes in magnetized plasmas. Low frequency refers here
to fluctuations whose typical time scale is much larger than those
characterizing the atomic processes, such as radiative decay, collisions and
charge exchange. This ordering is in particular relevant for drift wave
turbulence, ubiquitous in edge plasmas of fusion devices. Turbulent
fluctuations are found to affect line shapes through both the spatial and time
averages introduced by the measurement process. The profile is expressed in
terms of the fluid fields describing the plasma. Assuming the spectrometer
acquisition time to be much larger than the turbulent time scale, an ordering
generally fulfilled in experiments, allows to develop a statistical formalism.
We proceed by investigating the effects of density, fluid velocity and
temperature fluctuations alone on the Doppler profile of a spectral line
emitted by a charge exchange population of neutrals. Line wings are found to be
affected by ion temperature or fluid velocity fluctuations, and can in some
cases exhibit a power-law behavior. This study gives some insights in the
appearance of non-Boltzmann statistics, such as Levy statistics, when dealing
with averaged experimental data.


title: Crystals for high-energy calorimetry in extreme environments

abstract:
  Crystals are used as a homogeneous calorimetric medium in many high-energy
physics experiments. For some experiments, performance has to be ensured in
very difficult operating conditions, like a high radiation environment, very
large particle fluxes, high collision rates, placing constraints on response
and readout time. An overview is presented of recent achievements in the field,
with particular attention given to the performance of Lead Tungstate (PWO)
crystals exposed to high particle fluxes.


title: Fractal Photonic Crystal Waveguides

abstract:
  We propose a new class of one-dimensional (1D) photonic waveguides: the
fractal photonic crystal waveguides (FPCWs). These structures are photonic
crystal waveguides (PCWs) etched with fratal distribution of grooves such as
Cantor bars. The transmission properties of the FPCWs are investigated and
compared with those of the conventional 1D PCWs. It is shown that the FPCW
transmission spectrum has self-similarity properties associated with the
fractal distribution of grooves. Furthermore, FPCWs exhibit sharp localized
transmissions peaks that are approximately equidistant inside the photonic band
gap.


title: Theory of mesoscopic magnetism in meta-materials

abstract:
  We provide a rigorous theoretical basis for the artificial magnetic activity
of meta-materials near resonances. Our approach is a renormalization-based
scheme that authorises a completely general theory. The major result is an
explicit expression of the effective permeability, in terms of resonant
frequencies. The theoretical results are checked numerically and we give
applications of our theory to Left-Handed Media and to the solution of the
Pokrovski-Efros paradox.


title:
Interaction description from the non-linear electromagnetic theory point
  of view

abstract:
  In previous paper we have shown that there is a special kind of non-linear
electrodynamics (which we name Curvilinear Wave Electrodynamics - CWED), whose
equations are mathematically equivalent to the equations of photons and leptons
of quantum electrodynamics. The purpose of the present paper is to show that in
framework of CWED the description of the interaction is also mathematically
equivalent to description of the interaction in quantum physics. Another
purpose of this paper is to show that CWED allows to unify the description of
interactions in physics.


title:
Depolarizing power and polarization entropy of light scattering media:
  experiment and theory

abstract:
  We experimentally investigate the depolarizing power and the polarization
entropy of a broad class of scattering optical media. By means of polarization
tomography, these quantities are derived from an effective Mueller matrix,
which is introduced through a formal description of the multi-mode detection
scheme we use, as recently proposed by Aiello and Woerdman
(arXiv:quant-ph/0407234). This proposal emphasized an intriguing universality
in the polarization aspects of classical as well as quantum light scattering;
in this contribution we demonstrate experimentally that this universality is
obeyed by a surprisingly wide class of depolarizing media. This, in turn,
provides the experimentalist with a useful characterization of the polarization
properties of any scattering media, as well as a universal criterion for the
validity of the measured data.


title:
Complex Dynamics of Real Nanosystems: Fundamental Paradigm for
  Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

abstract:
  Structure and dynamics of real nanosystems emerge from the unreduced solution
of the underlying interaction problem. It has the property of dynamic
multivaluedness giving genuine dynamic randomness and complexity
(physics/9806002, physics/0405063). Chaoticity is irreducibly high in nanoscale
systems and underlies exponentially high efficiency of their real,
complex-dynamic operation (physics/0211071). Applications include real,
dynamically chaotic quantum devices, nano-biotechnology, and genetics.


title: Atomic Hydrogen Cleaning of Polarized GaAs Photocathodes

abstract:
  Atomic hydrogen cleaning followed by heat cleaning at 450$^\circ$C was used
to prepare negative-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes. When hydrogen ions
were eliminated, quantum efficiencies of 15% were obtained for bulk GaAs
cathodes, higher than the results obtained using conventional 600$^\circ$C heat
cleaning. The low-temperature cleaning technique was successfully applied to
thin, strained GaAs cathodes used for producing highly polarized electrons. No
depolarization was observed even when the optimum cleaning time of about 30
seconds was extended by a factor of 100.


title:
A systematic study of polarized electron emission from strained
  GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathodes

abstract:
  Spin-polarized electron photoemission has been studied for
GaAs/GaAs$_{1-x}$P$_x$ strained superlattice cathodes grown by gas-source
molecular beam epitaxy. The superlattice structural parameters are
systematically varied to optimize the photoemission characteristics. The
heavy-hole and light-hole transitions are reproducibly observed in quantum
efficiency spectra, enabling direct measurement of the band energies and the
energy splitting. Electron-spin polarization as high as 86% with over 1%
quantum efficiency has been observed.


title: An Uncoventional Approach for a Straw Tube-Microstrip Detector

abstract:
  We report on a novel concept of silicon microstrips and straw tubes detector,
where integration is accomplished by a straw module with straws not subjected
to mechanical tension in a Rohacell lattice and carbon fiber reinforced plastic
shell. Results on mechanical and test beam performances are reported on as
well.


title:
Number of photons and brilliance of the radiation from a crystalline
  undulator

abstract:
  The scheme for accurate quantitative treatment of the radiation from a
crystalline undulator in presence of the dechanneling and the photon
attenuation is presented. The number of emitted photons and the brilliance of
electromagnetic radiation generated by ultra-relativistic positrons channeling
in a crystalline undulator are calculated for various crystals, positron
energies and different bending parameters. It is demonstrated that with the use
of high-energy positron beams available at present in modern colliders it is
possible to generate the crystalline undulator radiation with energies from
hundreds of keV up to tens of MeV region. The brilliance of the undulator
radiation within this energy range is comparable to that of conventional light
sources of the third generation but for much lower photon energies.


title:
Optimal Determination of the Equilibrium Displacement of a Damped
  Harmonic Oscillator in the Presence of Thermal Noise

abstract:
  Using a matched filter technique, we derive the minimum variance, unbiased
estimator for the equilibrium displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator in
thermal equilibrium when interactions with the thermal bath are the leading
source of noise. We compare the variance in this optimal estimator with the
variance in other, commonly used estimators in the presence of pure thermal
noise and pure white noise. We also compare the variance in these estimators
for a mixture of white and thermal noise. This result has implications for
experimental design and the collection and analysis of data.


title: Polarizational bremsstrahlung in non-relativistic collision

abstract:
  We review the developments made during the last decade in the theory of
polarization bremsstrahlung in the non-relativistic domain. A literature survey
covering the latest history of the phenomenon is given. The main features which
distinguish the polarization bremsstrahlung from other mechanisms of radiation
are discussed and illustrated by the results of numerical calculations.


title: Relativistic effects in polarizational bremsstrahlung

abstract:
  We review the achievements of the theory of polarization bremsstrahlung of
relativistic particles, including the case when both colliders have internal
structure. The main features which the relativistic effects bring into the
problem are discussed and illustrated by the results of numerical calculations.


title: Quantum dynamics of the Li+HF-->H+LiF reaction at ultralow temperatures

abstract:
  Quantum mechanical calculations are reported for the
Li+HF(v=0,1,j=0)-->H+LiF(v',j') bimolecular scattering process at low and
ultralow temperatures. Calculations have been performed for zero total angular
momentum using a recent high accuracy potential energy surface for the X 2A'
electronic ground state. For Li+HF(v=0,j=0), the reaction is dominated by
resonances due to the decay of metastable states of the Li...F-H van der Waals
complex. Assignment of these resonances has been carried out by calculating the
eigenenergies of the quasibound states. We also find that while chemical
reactivity is greatly enhanced by vibrational excitation the resonances get
mostly washed out in the reaction of vibrationally excited HF with Li atoms. In
addition, we find that at low energies, the reaction is significantly
suppressed due to the formation of rather deeply bound van der Waals complexes
and the less efficient tunneling of the relatively heavy fluorine atom.


title:
Electron Conditioning of Technical Aluminium Surfaces: Effect on the
  Secondary Electron Yield

abstract:
  The effect of electron conditioning on commercially aluminium alloys 1100 and
6063 were investigated. Contrary to the assumption that electron conditioning,
if performed long enough, can reduce and stabilize the SEY to low values ($\leq
1.3$, value of many pure elements), the SEY of aluminium did not go lower than
1.8. In fact, it reincreases with continued electron exposure dose.


title: Introductory physics: The new scholasticism

abstract:
  Most introductory physics textbooks neglect air resistance in situations
where an astute student can observe that it dominates the dynamics. We give
examples from many books. Using dimensional analysis we discuss how to estimate
the relative importance of air resistance and gravity. The discussion can be
used to mitigate the baleful influence of these textbooks. Incorrectly
neglecting air resistance is one of their many unphysical teachings. Shouldn't
a physics textbook teach correct physics?


title: Novel 3D Clustering Algorithm and Two Particle Separation with Tile HCAL

abstract:
  Based on a novel shower reconstruction algorithm, the study of two particle
separation with tile hadron calorimeter (HCAL) is performed. The separability
of two close-by particles is found to be strongly dependent on transverse and
longitudinal segmentation of tile HCAL.


title:
The Numerical Simulations and Resonant Scattering of Intensive
  Electromagnetic Fields of Waves by Dielectric Layer with Kerr-Like
  Nonlinearity

abstract:
  On an example of the open nonlinear electrodynamic system - transverse
non-homogeneous, isotropic, nonmagnetic, linearly polarized, nonlinear (a
Kerr-like dielectric nonlinearity) dielectric layer, the algorithms of solution
of the diffraction problem of a plane wave on the nonlinear object and the
results of the numerical analysis of the nonlinear problem are shown. The
nonlinear diffraction problem reduced the solutions of the systems of the
non-homogeneous nonlinear equations of the second kind on the base of the
iterative schemes. The results of the numerical analysis of the diffraction
problem of a plane wave on the nonlinear object are shown. The effects:
non-uniform shift of resonant frequency of the diffraction characteristics of a
nonlinear dielectric layer; increase of the angle of the transparency of the
nonlinear layer at growth of intensity of the field are found out.


title:
Modeling of the dynamic pole-to-pole oscillations of the min proteins in
  bacterial cell division: The effect of an external field

abstract:
  One of the most important steps in the developmental process of the bacteria
cell at the cellular level is the determination of the middle of the cell and
the proper placement of the septum, these being essential to the division of
the cell. In E. coli, this step depends on the proteins MinC, MinD, and MinE.
Exposure to a constant electric field may cause the bacteria cell division
mechanism to change, resulting in an abnormal cytokinesis. To see the effects
of an external field e.g., an electric or magnetic field on this process, we
have solved a set of deterministic reaction diffusion equations, which
incorporate the influence of an electric field. We have found some changes in
the dynamics of the oscillations of the min proteins from pole to pole. The
numerical results show some interesting effects, which are qualitatively in
good agreement with some experimental results.


title: Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline earth atoms

abstract:
  It is possible to tune the scattering length for the collision of ultra-cold
1S0 ground state alkaline-earth atoms using an optical Feshbach resonance. This
is achieved with a laser far detuned from an excited molecular level near the
frequency of the atomic intercombination 1S0--3P1 transition. Simple resonant
scattering theory, illustrated by the example of 40Ca, allows an estimate of
the magnitude of the effect. Unlike alkali metal species, large changes of the
scattering length are possible while atom loss remains small, because of the
very narrow line width of the molecular photoassociation transition. This
raises prospects for control of atomic interactions for a system without
magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance levels.


title:
Effect of noise and modeling errors on the reliability of fully 3D Monte
  Carlo reconstruction in SPECT

abstract:
  We recently demonstrated the value of reconstructing SPECT data with fully 3D
Monte Carlo reconstruction (F3DMC), in terms of spatial resolution and
quantification. This was shown on a small cubic phantom (64 projections 10 x
10) in some idealistic configurations. The goals of the present study were to
assess the effect of noise and modeling errors on the reliability of F3DMC, to
propose and evaluate strategies for reducing the noise in the projector, and to
demonstrate the feasibility of F3DMC for a dataset with realistic dimensions. A
small cubic phantom and a realistic Jaszczak phantom dataset were considered.
Projections and projectors for both phantoms were calculated using the Monte
Carlo simulation code GATE. Projectors with different statistics were
considered and two methods for reducing noise in the projector were
investigated: one based on principal component analysis (PCA) and the other
consisting in setting small probability values to zero. Energy and spatial
shifts in projection sampling with respect to projector sampling were also
introduced to test F3DMC in realistic conditions. Experiments with the cubic
phantom showed the importance of using simulations with high statistics for
calculating the projector, and the value of filtering the projector using a PCA
approach. F3DMC was shown to be robust with respect to energy shift and small
spatial sampling off-set between the projector and the projections. Images of
the Jaszczak phantom were successfully reconstructed and also showed promising
results in terms of spatial resolution recovery and quantitative accuracy in
small structures. It is concluded that the promising results of F3DMC hold on
realistic data sets


title: Controlling Synthesis of Nanostructured Silver Aggregates by Light

abstract:
  The possibilities for control over the size and properties of silver
nanoaggregates with incoherent and laser light are investigated. The
applications in nanoengineering and for giant enhancement of optical processes
at nanoscale are discussed.


title: Six years of BeppoSAX observations of blazars: a spectral catalog

abstract:
  We present a spectral catalog for blazars based on the BeppoSAX archive. The
sample includes 44 High-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), 14 Low-energy peaked BL
Lacs (LBLs), and 28 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). A total of 168 LECS,
MECS, and PDS spectra were analyzed, corresponding to observations taken in the
period 1996--2002. The 0.1--50 keV continuum of LBLs and FSRQs is generally
fitted by a single power law with Galactic column density. A minority of the
observations of LBLs (25%) and FSRQs (15%) is best fitted by more complex
models like the broken power law or the continuously curved parabola. These
latter models provide also the best description for half of the HBL spectra.
Complex models are more frequently required for sources with fluxes F_{2-10
keV} > 10^-11 cm-2 s-1, corresponding to spectra with higher signal-to-noise
ratio. As a result, considering sources with flux above this threshold, the
percentage of spectra requiring those models increases for all the classes. We
note that there is a net separation of X-ray spectral properties between HBLs
on one side, and LBLs and FSRQs on the other, the distinction between LBLs and
FSRQs is more blurry. This is most likely related to ambiguities in the optical
classification of the two classes.


title: Polarized Electrons for Linear Colliders

abstract:
  Future electron-positron linear colliders require a highly polarized electron
beam with a pulse structure that depends primarily on whether the acceleration
utilizes warm or superconducting rf structures. The International Linear
Collider (ILC) will use cold structures for the main linac. It is shown that a
dc-biased polarized photoelectron source such as successfully used for the SLC
can meet the charge requirements for the ILC micropulse with a polarization
approaching 90%.


title:
Peptide Conformational Equilibria Computed via a Single-Stage Shifting
  Protocol

abstract:
  We study the conformational equilibria of two peptides using a novel
statistical mechanics approach designed for calculating free energy differences
between highly dis-similar conformational states. Our results elucidate the
contrasting roles of entropy in implicitly solvated leucine dipeptide and
decaglycine. The method extends earlier work by Voter, and overcomes the
notorious "overlap" problem in free energy computations by constructing a
mathematically equivalent calculation with high conformational similarity. The
approach requires only equilibrium simulations of the two states of interest,
without the need for sampling transition states. We discuss extensions of the
approach to binding affinity estimation and explicitly solvated systems, as
well as possible optimizations.


title:
Correction of non-linearity effects in detectors for electron
  spectroscopy

abstract:
  Using photoemission intensities and a detection system employed by many
groups in the electron spectroscopy community as an example, we have
quantitatively characterized and corrected detector non-linearity effects over
the full dynamic range of the system. Non-linearity effects are found to be
important whenever measuring relative peak intensities accurately is important,
even in the low-countrate regime. This includes, for example, performing
quantitative analyses for surface contaminants or sample bulk stoichiometries,
where the peak intensities involved can differ by one or two orders of
magnitude, and thus could occupy a significant portion of the detector dynamic
range. Two successful procedures for correcting non-linearity effects are
presented. The first one yields directly the detector efficiency by measuring a
flat-background reference intensity as a function of incident x-ray flux, while
the second one determines the detector response from a least-squares analysis
of broad-scan survey spectra at different incident x-ray fluxes. Although we
have used one spectrometer and detection system as an example, these
methodologies should be useful for many other cases.


title: Physical Consonance Law of Sound Waves

abstract:
  Sound consonance is the reason why it is possible to exist music in our life.
However, rules of consonance between sounds had been found quite subjectively,
just by hearing. To care for, the proposal is to establish a sound consonance
law on the basis of mathematical and physical foundations. Nevertheless, the
sensibility of the human auditory system to the audible range of frequencies is
individual and depends on a several factors such as the age or the health in a
such way that the human perception of the consonance as the pleasant sensation
it produces, while reinforced by an exact physical relation, may involves as
well the individual subjective feeling.


title: An extra-heating mechanism in Doppler-cooling experiments

abstract:
  In this paper we experimentally and theoretically investigate laser cooling
of Strontium 88 atoms in one dimensional optical molasses. In our case, since
the optical cooling dipole transition involves a $J_g=0$ groundstate, no
Sisyphus-type mechanisms can occur. We are thus able to test quantitatively the
predictions of the Doppler-cooling theory. We have found, in agreement with
other similar experiments, that the measured temperatures are systematically
larger than the theoretical predictions. We quantitatively interpret this
discrepancy by taking into consideration the extra-heating mechanism induced by
transverse spatial intensity fluctuations of the optical molasses. Experimental
data are in good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations of our theoretical
model. We thus confirm the important role played by intensity fluctuations in
the dynamics of cooling and for the steady-state regime.


title: Asymptotic behaviour of the Rayleigh--Taylor instability

abstract:
  We investigate long time numerical simulations of the inviscid
Rayleigh-Taylor instability at Atwood number one using a boundary integral
method. We are able to attain the asymptotic behavior for the spikes predicted
by Clavin & Williams\cite{clavin} for which we give a simplified demonstration.
In particular we observe that the spike's curvature evolves like $t^3$ while
the overshoot in acceleration shows a good agreement with the suggested $1/t^5$
law. Moreover, we obtain consistent results for the prefactor coefficients of
the asymptotic laws. Eventually we exhibit the self-similar behavior of the
interface profile near the spike.


title:
Theory of the propagation of coupled waves in arbitrarily-inhomogeneous
  stratified media

abstract:
  We generalize the invariant imbedding theory of the wave propagation and
derive new invariant imbedding equations for the propagation of arbitrary
number of coupled waves of any kind in arbitrarily-inhomogeneous stratified
media, where the wave equations are effectively one-dimensional. By doing this,
we transform the original boundary value problem of coupled second-order
differential equations to an initial value problem of coupled first-order
differential equations, which makes the numerical solution of the coupled wave
equations much easier. Using the invariant imbedding equations, we are able to
calculate the matrix reflection and transmission coefficients and the wave
amplitudes inside the inhomogeneous media exactly and efficiently. We establish
the validity and the usefulness of our results by applying them to the
propagation of circularly-polarized electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional
photonic crystals made of isotropic chiral media. We find that there are three
kinds of bandgaps in these structures and clarify the nature of these bandgaps
by exact calculations.


title: On the Origin of Conceptual Difficulties of Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  It is the matter of fact that quantum mechanics operates with notions that
are not determined in the frame of the mechanics' formalism. Among them we can
call the notion of "wave-particle" (that, however, does not appear in both
classical and high energy physics), the probabilistic interpretation of the
Schroedinger wave \psi-function and hence the probability amplitude and its
phase, long-range action, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the passage to
the so-called operators of physical values, etc. Orthodox quantum mechanics was
constructed as a physical theory developed in the phase space of the mentioned
notions. That is why the formalism of quantum mechanics is aimed only at
detailed calculations of the stationary states of the energy of the quantum
system studied and is not able to describe a real path running by the system in
the real space; instead, the formalism gives an averaged probabilistic
prediction. Thus, if we are able to develop quantum mechanics in the real
space, an option to clarify all the difficulties associated with the above
notions would appear. Such a theory of quantum mechanics developed in the real
space in fact has recently been constructed by the author. The theory started
from deeper first principles, namely, from the consideration of the notion of a
4D space-time. So, the notion of fundamental particle, the principles of the
motion of a particle and other characteristics have been made clear. The
theory, rather a submicroscopic one, is characterized by short-range action
that automatically means the introduction of a new kind of carriers, i.e.
carriers of the quantum mechanical force. The existence of the carriers called
"inertons" (because they carry inert properties of matter) has indeed been
verified in a number of experiments.


title: Quartz fiber calorimetry and calorimeters

abstract:
  Quartz fiber calorimetry is a technique the signal generation mechanism of
which is based on the Cherenkov effect. In this article we try to give a
comprehensive overview of the subject. We start with a general introduction to
calorimetry where the basic elements that characterize the development of
electromagnetic and hadronic showers are discussed. Then we describe in detail
the operation principle and the properties of calorimeters equipped with quartz
fibers. The main advantages of this type of calorimeters are the radiation
hardness, the fast response and the compact detector dimensions, features that
derive from the quartz material and the specific mechanism of operation. A
section is devoted to presenting the quartz fiber calorimeters that have been
built or planned to in various experiments to operate as centrality detectors,
trigger detectors, luminosity monitors or general purpose very forward
calorimeters.


title:
Measurement method for the nuclear anapole moment of laser trapped
  alkali atoms

abstract:
  Weak interactions within a nucleus generate a nuclear spin dependent parity
violating electromagnetic moment; the anapole moment. In heavy nuclei, the
anapole moment is the dominant contribution to spin-dependent atomic parity
violation. We analyze a method to measure the nuclear anapole moment through
the electric dipole transition it induces between hyperfine states of the
ground level. The method requires tight confinement of the atoms to position
them at the anti-node of a standing wave driving the anapole-induced E1
transiton. We explore the necessary limits in the number of atoms, excitation
fields, trap type, interrogation method, and systematic tests necessary for
such measurements in francium, the heaviest alkali.


title:
Platform-to-platform sample transfer, distribution, dilution, and dosing
  via electrothermal vaporization and electrostatic deposition

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by the author because of copyright reasons.


title:
Testing and design of a lens system for atom trapping and fluorescence
  detection

abstract:
  We present methods and results of the testing of an inexpensive home-made
diffraction limited lens system, the design of which was proposed in a recent
paper and which has since been used (with slight alterations) by several
research groups. Our system will be used for both: focussing a collimated laser
beam at a wavelength of lambda=830 nm down to a narrow spot and for collimating
fluorescence light (lambda=780 nm) emitted from rubidium atoms captured in this
spot. Useful tests for lens systems include the use of ray tracing software,
shear-wave interferometers, the imaging of test charts and of polystyrene beads
of a very small size. We present these methods and show how conclusions can be
drawn for the design under test.


title:
Transverse Solutions of the Vector Laplace and Helmholtz Equations for
  Spherical Coordinates and Boundary Conditions with Azimuthal Symmetry

abstract:
  A scalar field method to obtain transverse solutions of the vector Laplace
and Helmholtz equations in spherical coordinates for boundary-value problems
with azimuthal symmetry is described. Neither scalar nor vector potentials are
used. Solutions are obtained by use of separation of variables instead of
dyadic Green's functions expanded in terms of vector spherical harmonics.
Applications to the calculations of magnetic fields from steady and oscillating
localized current distributions are presented.


title: Birefringent left-handed metamaterials and perfect lenses

abstract:
  We describe the properties of birefringent left-handed metamaterials and
introduce the concept of a birefringent perfect lens. We demonstrate that, in a
sharp contrast to the conventional left-handed perfect lens at
$\epsilon=\mu=-1$, where $\epsilon$ is the dielectric constant and $\mu$ is the
magnetic permeability, the birefringent left-handed lens can focus either TE or
TM polarized waves or both of them, allowing a spatial separation of the TE and
TM images. We discuss several applications of the birefringent left-handed
lenses such as the beam splitting and near-field diagnostics at the
sub-wavelength scale.


title: Comments on "Finsler Geometry and Relativistic Field Theory"

abstract:
  We show that results obtained in paper Foundations of Physics 33, No. 7, 1107
(2003), are not correct.


title: Shear Flow Generation and Energetics in Electromagnetic Turbulence

abstract:
  Zonal flows are recognised to play a crucial role for magnetised plasma
confinement. The genesis of these flows out of turbulent fluctuations is
therefore of significant interest. We investigate the relative importance of
zonal flow generation mechanisms via the Reynolds stress, Maxwell stress, and
geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) transfer in drift-Alfv\'en turbulence. By means of
numerical computations we quantify the energy transfer into zonal flows owing
to each of these effects. The importance of the three driving ingredients in
electrostatic and electromagnetic turbulence for conditions relevant to the
edge of fusion devices is revealed for a broad range of parameters. The
Reynolds stress is found to provide a flow drive, while the electromagnetic
Maxwell stress is in the cases considered a sink for the flow energy. In the
limit of high plasma beta, where electromagnetic effects and Alfv\'en dynamics
are important, the Maxwell stress is found to cancel the Reynolds stress to a
high degree. The geodesic oscillations, related to equilibrium pressure profile
modifications due to poloidally asymmetric transport, can act as both sinks as
drive terms, depending on the parameter regime. For high beta cases the GAMs
are the main drive of the flow. This is also reflected in the frequency
dependence of the flow, showing a distinct peak at the GAM frequency in that
regime.


title: Plane waves with negative phase velocity in isotropic chiral mediums

abstract:
  The propagation of plane waves in an isotropic chiral medium (ICM) is
investigated. Simple conditions are derived--in terms of the constitutive
parameters of the ICM--for the phase velocity to be directed opposite to the
direction of power flow. It is demonstrated that phase velocity and power flow
may be oppositely directed provided that the magnetoelectric coupling is
sufficiently strong.


title: Brownian Motion for the School-Going Child

abstract:
  The phenomenon of Brownian motion and Einstein's contribution to its
understanding are introduced in a simple language.


title:
Energy lowering of current-carrying single-particle states in open-shell
  atoms due to an exchange-correlation vector potential

abstract:
  Current-density-functional theory is used to perturbatively calculate
single-particle energies of open-shell atoms prepared in a current-carrying
state. We focus on the highest occupied such energy, because its negative is,
in principle, the exact ionization energy. A variety of different density
functionals and calculational schemes are compared with each other and
experiment. When the atom is prepared in a current-carrying state, a
current-dependent exchange-correlation functional is found to slightly lower
the single-particle energy of the current-carrying orbital, as compared to a
calculation using standard (current independent) density functionals for the
same system. The current-dependent terms in the exchange-correlation functional
thus provide additional stabilization of the current-carrying state.


title:
Surveying the solar system by measuring angles and times: from the solar
  density to the gravitational constant

abstract:
  A surprisingly large amount of information on our solar system can be gained
from simple measurements of the apparent angular diameters of the sun and the
moon. This information includes the average density of the sun, the distance
between earth and moon, the radius of the moon, and the gravitational constant.
In this note it is described how these and other quantities can be obtained by
simple earthbound measurements of angles and times only, without using any
explicit information on distances between celestial bodies. The pedagogical and
historical aspects of these results are also discussed briefly.


title:
Connection between the Burgers equation with an elastic forcing term and
  a stochastic process

abstract:
  We present a complete analytical resolution of the one dimensional Burgers
equation with the elastic forcing term $-\kappa^{2} x+f(t)$,
$\kappa\in\mathbb{R}$. Two methods existing for the case $\kappa=0$ are adapted
and generalized using variable and function transformations, valid for all
values of space an time. The emergence of a Fokker-Planck equation in the
method allows to connect a fluid model, depicted by the Burgers equation, with
an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.


title:
Recent Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Microdrilling of
  Polymers with Ultraviolet Laser Beams

abstract:
  Laser drilling becomes of increasing importance when hole diameter is in the
range of 10 to 50 mum, for which conventional alternative approaches are
becoming difficult and cost inefficient. Furthermore, it is viewed as the
technique of choice for a number of composite materials and hard materials
which are not readily processed at the microscopic level by contact mechanical
tools. We have demonstrated that suitable experimental conditions are capable
of producing microholes with record aspect-ratio (up to 600) in pure polymers
like PET, PI, PC, PS, PMMA, PEEK,... For example holes of diameter typically 30
mum can be as long as 18 mm, depth at which the drilling rate is getting nearly
zero and the profile stationary. Other materials (metals, ceramics) which can
be similarly laser microdrilled do not exhibit such very high aspect-ratio. The
mechanisms of the drilling process have been studied in details and an original
analytical model has been constructed recently. The various experimental
results, obtained with the KrF laser, will be reviewed with emphasis on the
parameters leading to formation of good holes with high aspect-ratio. For the
application it is also important to note that such high values of aspect-ratio
are obtained with regular configuration of the KrF laser giving a standard
divergence of 3 mrad. However as shown by the model there is still room for
improvement by using a beam with a lower divergence (theoretical limit is 0.2
mrad). Further experimental work is now in progress.


title: The ATLAS Pixel Detector

abstract:
  The contruction of the ATLAS Pixel Detector which is the innermost layer of
the ATLAS tracking system is prgressing well. Because the pixel detector will
contribute significantly to the ATLAS track and vertex reconstruction. The
detector consists of identical sensor-chip-hybrid modules, arranged in three
barrels in the centre and three disks on either side for the forward region.
The position of the detector near the interaction point requires excellent
radiation hardness, mechanical and thermal robustness, good long-term stability
for all parts, combined with a low material budget. The final detector layout,
new results from production modules and the status of assembly are presented.


title:
Sampling of Atmospheric Aerosols by Electrostatic Precipitation for
  Direct Analyses. Part 1


title:
Sampling of Atmospheric Aerosols by Electrostatic Precipitation for
  Direct Analyses. Part 2


title: Photon echoes of molecular photoassociation

abstract:
  Revivals of optical coherence of molecular photoassociation driven by two
ultrashort laser pulses are addressed in the Condon approach. Based on textbook
examples and numerical simulation of KrF excimer molecules, a prediction is
made about an existence of photon echo on free-bound transitions. Delayed rise
and fall of nonlinear polarization in the half-collisions are to be resulted
from the resonant quantum states interference whether it be in gas, liquid or
solid phases.


title: The Challenge of Editing Einstein's Scientific Manuscripts

abstract:
  Einstein's research manuscripts provide important insights into his
exceptional creativity. At the same time, they can present difficulties for a
publication in the documentary edition of the Collected Papers of Albert
Einstein (CPAE). The problems are illustrated by discussing how some important
examples of Einstein's research manuscripts have been included in previous
volumes of the CPAE series: his Scratch Notebook from the years 1910-1914, his
so-called Zurich Notebook from 1912, documenting his early search for a
generally covariant theory of gravitation, and the Einstein-Besso manuscript
from 1913, containing calculations of Mercury's perihelion advance on the basis
of the Einstein-Grossmann equations. Another category of research notes are
"back-of-an-envelope" calculations. A major challenge for future volumes of the
CPAE series are Einstein's Berlin and Princeton research manuscripts on a
unified field theory. This batch of some 1700 undated manuscript pages presents
a formidable challenge also for historians of science. Although the web
provides new possibilities for the editorial task, such as the publication of
facsimiles on the Einstein Archives Online website, it is argued that a
satisfactory solution of the editorial problems posed by these manuscripts
depends on scholarly efforts to reconstruct and understand the content of
Einstein's manuscripts.


title:
Observation of Multiple Thresholds in the Many-Atom Cavity QED
  Microlaser

abstract:
  We report the observation of multiple laser thresholds in the many-atom
cavity QED microlaser. Traveling-wave coupling and a supersonic atom beam are
used to create a well-defined atom-cavity interaction. Multiple thresholds are
observed as jumps in photon number due to oscillatory gain. Although the number
of intra-cavity atoms is large, up to N~1000, the dynamics of the microlaser
agree with a single atom theory. This agreement is supported by quantum
trajectory simulations of a many-atom microlaser and a semiclassical microlaser
theory. We discuss the relation of the microlaser with the micromaser and
conventional lasers.


title:
Dissociative recombination and low-energy inelastic electron collisions
  of the helium dimer ion

abstract:
  This paper reports results from an experimental investigation of the
dissociative recombination (DR) of the helium dimer ions at the heavy-ion Test
Storage Ring (TSR) in Heidelberg, observing neutral products from electron-ion
collisions in a merged beams configuration at relative energies from near-zero
(thermal electron energy about 10 meV) up to 40 eV.


title: Capture of slow antiprotons by helium atoms

abstract:
  A consistent quantum mechanical calculation of partial cross-sections leading
to different final states of antiprotonic helium atom was performed. For the
four-body scattering wave function, corresponding to the initial state, as well
as for the antiprotonic helium wave function, appearing in the final tate,
adiabatic approximations was used. Calculations were carried out for a wide
range of antiprotonic helium states and incident energies of the antiproton.
Obtained energy dependances of some cross sections show a rich low energy
structure.


title:
X-ray microanalysis in STEM of short-term physico-chemical reactions at
  bioactive glass particles / biological fluids interface. Determination of
  O/Si atomic ratios

abstract:
  Short-term physico-chemical reactions at the interface between bioactive
glass particles and biological fluids are studied and we focus our attention on
the measurements of O/Si atomic ratio. The studied bioactive glass is in the
SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-K2O-Al2O3-MgO system. The elemental analysis is performed at
the submicrometer scale by STEM associated with EDXS and EELS. We previously
developed an EDXS quantification method based on the ratio method and taking
into account local absorption corrections. In this way, we use EELS data to
determine, by an iterative process, the local mass thickness which is an
essential parameter to correct absorption in EDXS spectra. After different
delays of immersion of bioactive glass particles in a simulated biological
solution, results show the formation of different surface layers at the
bioactive glass periphery. Before one day of immersion, we observe the presence
of an already shown (Si,O,Al) rich layer at the periphery. In this paper, we
demonstrate that a thin electron dense (Si,O) layer is formed on top of the
(Si,O,Al) layer. In this (Si,O) layer, depleted in aluminium, we point out an
increase of oxygen weight concentration which can be interpreted by the
presence of Si(OH)4 groups, that permit the formation of a (Ca,P) layer.
Aluminium plays a role in the glass solubility and may inhibit apatite
nucleation. After the beginning of the (Ca,P) layer formation, the size of the
electron dense (Si,O) layer decreases and tends to disappear. After two days of
immersion, the (Ca,P) layer grows in thickness and leads to apatite
precipitation


title: Effective field theory of the classical two-dimensional plasma

abstract:
  Using techniques of effective field theory, we consider the thermodynamical
properties of a dilute two-dimensional plasma interacting via a $1/r$
potential. The first one-loop correction to the partition function is already
logarithmically divergent in the effective theory. The finite part of the
one-loop induced couplings is then explicitly evaluated by matching the
density-density correlator in the effective theory and in the full quantum
theory. This task is performed from the formulation of the Coulomb problem in
momentum space by projecting the two-dimensional momentum space onto the
surface of a three-dimensional sphere. We also report some higher order results
that, in the case of the one-component plasma immersed in a uniform
neutralizing background, are resummed to obtain the complete leading-log
partition function.


title:
From Observations to Hypotheses: Probabilistic Reasoning Versus
  Falsificationism and its Statistical Variations

abstract:
  Testing hypotheses is an issue of primary importance in the scientific
research, as well as in many other human activities. Much clarification about
it can be achieved if the process of learning from data is framed in a
stochastic model of causes and effects. Formulated with Poincare's words, the
"essential problem of the experimental method" becomes then solving a "problem
in the probability of causes", i.e. ranking the several hypotheses, that might
be responsible for the observations, in credibility. This probabilistic
approach to the problem (nowadays known as the Bayesian approach) differs from
the standard (i.e. frequentistic) statistical methods of hypothesis tests. The
latter methods might be seen as practical attempts of implementing the ideal of
falsificationism, that can itself be viewed as an extension of the proof by
contradiction of the classical logic to the experimental method. Some
criticisms concerning conceptual as well as practical aspects of na\"\i ve
falsificationism and conventional, frequentistic hypothesis tests are
presented, and the alternative, probabilistic approach is outlined.


title:
Improving the Jet Reconstruction with the Particle Flow Method; an
  Introduction

abstract:
  At the future electron-positron TeV linear collider, the reachable physics
will be strongly dependent on the detector capability to reconstruct high
energy jets in multi-jet environment. At LEP, SLD experiments, a technique
combining charged tracks and calorimetric information has been used to improve
the jet energy/direction reconstruction. Starting from this experience, it has
been proposed to go from partial individual particle reconstruction to complete
(or full) individual reconstruction. Different studies have shown that the
reachable resolution is far beyond any realistic hope from calorimetric-only
measurement.


title:
Hayashi Spectra of the Northern Hemisphere Mid-latitude Atmospheric
  Variability in the NCEP and ERA 40 Reanalyses

abstract:
  We compare 45 years of the reanalyses of NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF in terms of
their representation of the mid-latitude winter atmospheric variability for the
overlapping time frame 1957-2002. We adopt the classical approach of computing
the Hayashi spectra of the 500 hPa geopotential height fields. Discrepancies
are found especially in the first 15 years of the records in the
high-frequency-high wavenumber propagating waves and secondly on low
frequency-low wavenumber standing waves. This implies that in the first period
the two datasets have a different representation of the baroclinic available
energy conversion processes. In the period starting from 1973 a positive impact
of the aircraft data on the Euro-Atlantic synoptic waves has been highlighted.
Since in the first period the assimilated data are scarcer and of lower quality
than later on, they provide a weaker constraint to the model dynamics.
Therefore, the resulting discrepancies in the reanalysis products may be mainly
attributed to differences in the models' behavior.


title: Soliton switching and Bloch-wave filtering in periodic photonic lattices

abstract:
  We suggest a novel concept in the soliton switching based on the Bloch-wave
filtering in periodic photonic structures. Taking a binary waveguide array as
an example, we demonstrate that spatial solitons that belong to different
spectral band gaps can be selectively reflected from or transmitted through an
engineered defect, which acts as a low or high-pass filter for Bloch waves.


title:
The specific form of histograms presenting the distribution of data of
  alpha-decay measurements appears simultaneously in the moment of New Moon in
  different points from Arctic to Antarctic

abstract:
  It is shown that fine structure of distributions of fluctuations in different
processes depends on position of the Earth with respect of the Moon. The same
form of histogram was observed at New Moon moment independently of geographic
position of laboratory and local time. Possible origin of the phenomenon is
discussed.


title:
Notes on dispersionful and dispersionless vortex filament equations in
  1+1 and 2+1 dimensions

abstract:
  The vortex filament equations (VFE) in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions are considered.
Some of these equations are integrable. Also the VFE with potentials and with
self-consistent potentials are presented. Finally several examples of
integrable dispersionless VFE (dVFE) are considered.


title: Proton Extraction from IHEP Accelerator Using Bent Crystals

abstract:
  IHEP Protvino has pioneered the wide practical use of bent crystals as
optical elements in high-energy beams for beam extraction and deflection on
permanent basis since 1989. In the course of IHEP experiments, crystal
channeling has been developed into efficient instrument for particle steering
at accelerators, working in predictable, reliable manner with beams of very
high intensity over years. Crystal systems extract 70 GeV protons from IHEP
main ring with efficiency of 85% at intensity of 1.E12, basing on multi-pass
mechanism of channeling proposed theoretically and realised experimentally at
IHEP. Today, six locations on the IHEP 70-GeV main ring of the accelerator
facility are equipped by crystal extraction systems, serving mostly for routine
applications rather than for research and allowing a simultaneous run of
several particle physics experiments, thus significantly enriching the IHEP
physics program. The long successful history of large-scale crystal
exploitation at IHEP should help to incorporate channeling crystals into
accelerator systems worldwide in order to create unique systems for beam
delivery. We report recent results from the research and exploitation of
crystal extraction systems at IHEP.


title:
Detection of Noble Gas Scintillation Light with Large Area Avalanche
  Photodiodes (LAAPDs)

abstract:
  Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs) were used for a series of
systematic measurements of the scintillation light in Ar, Kr, and Xe gas.
Absolute quantum efficiencies are derived. Values for Xe and Kr are consistent
with those given by the manufacturer. For the first time we show that argon
scintillation (128 nm) can be detected at a quantum efficiency above 40%.
Low-pressure argon gas is shown to emit significant amounts of non-UV
radiation. The average energy expenditure for the creation of non-UV photons in
argon gas at this pressure is measured to be below 378 eV.


title:
Investigating Interactions of Biomembranes and Alcohols: A Multiscale
  Approach

abstract:
  We study the interaction of lipid bilayers with short chain alcohols using
molecular dynamics on different length scales. We use detailed atomistic
modeling and modeling on the length scale where an alcohol is just an
amphiphilic dimer. Our strategy is to calibrate a coarse--grained model against
the detailed model at selected state points at low alcohol concentration and
then perform a wider range of simulations using the coarse--grained model. We
get semiquantitative agreement with experiment for the major observables such
as order parameter and area per molecule. We find a linear increase of area per
molecule with alcohol concentration. The alcohol molecules in both system
descriptions are in close contact with the glycerol backbone. Butanol molecules
can enter the bilayer to some extent in contrast to the behavior of shorter
alcohols. At very high alcohol concentrations we find clearly increased
interdigitation between leaflets.


title: Quasiperiodic spin-orbit motion and spin tunes in storage rings

abstract:
  We present an in-depth analysis of the concept of spin precession frequency
for integrable orbital motion in storage rings. Spin motion on the periodic
closed orbit of a storage ring can be analyzed in terms of the Floquet theorem
for equations of motion with periodic parameters and a spin precession
frequency emerges in a Floquet exponent as an additional frequency of the
system. To define a spin precession frequency on nonperiodic synchro-betatron
orbits we exploit the important concept of quasiperiodicity. This allows a
generalization of the Floquet theorem so that a spin precession frequency can
be defined in this case too. This frequency appears in a Floquet-like exponent
as an additional frequency in the system in analogy with the case of motion on
the closed orbit. These circumstances lead naturally to the definition of the
uniform precession rate and a definition of spin tune. A spin tune is a uniform
precession rate obtained when certain conditions are fulfilled. Having defined
spin tune we define spin-orbit resonance on synchro--betatron orbits and
examine its consequences. We give conditions for the existence of uniform
precession rates and spin tunes (e.g. where small divisors are controlled by
applying a Diophantine condition) and illustrate the various aspects of our
description with several examples. The formalism also suggests the use of
spectral analysis to ``measure'' spin tune during computer simulations of spin
motion on synchro-betatron orbits.


title:
Stochastic dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles and a mechanism of
  biological orientation in the geomagnetic field

abstract:
  The rotations of microscopic magnetic particles, magnetosomes, embedded into
the cytoskeleton are considered. A great number of magnetosomes are shown to
possess two stable equilibrium positions, between which there occur transitions
under the influence of thermal disturbances. The random rotations attain the
value of order of radian. The rate of the transitions and the probability of
magnetosomes to stay in the different states depend on magnetic field direction
with respect to an averaged magnetosome's orientation. This effect explains the
ability of migrant birds to faultless orientation in long-term passages in the
absence of the direct visibility of optical reference points. The sensitivity
to deviation from an `ideal' orientation is estimated to be 1-2 degrees.
Possible participation of magnetosomes in biological effects caused by
microwave electromagnetic fields is discussed.


title: Accelerator Tests of Crystal Undulators

abstract:
  A series of Silicon crystal undulator samples were produced based on the
approach presented in PRL 90 (2003) 034801, with the periods of undulation from
0.1 mm to 1 mm, and the number of periods on the order of 10. The samples were
characterized by X-rays, revealing the sine-like shape of the crystal lattice
in the bulk. Next step in the characterization has been the channeling tests
done with 70 GeV protons, where good channeling properties of the undulated
Silicon lattice have been observed. The photon radiation tests of crystal
undulators with high energy positrons are in progress on several locations:
IHEP Protvino, LNF Frascati, and CERN SPS. The progress in the experimental
activities and the predictions from detailed simulations are reported.


title: On Theory of the Phonon Perturbed Superradiance

abstract:
  The paper examines superradiance in impurity crystals in the field of a
coherent phonon wave excited by two ultrashort laser pulses via Raman
scattering processes at the moment of preparation of the initial state of an
ensemble of emitters. It is shown that by varying the power of the excitation
pulses and their mutual direction of propagation, one can control the
superradiance parameters and extract data on the electron-phonon coupling
constant and its anisotropy.


title:
Flow characteristics and gelatinization kinetics of rice starch under
  strong alkali conditions

abstract:
  The normality dependence and the kinetics of flow behavior in the rice starch
dispersion under strong alkali conditions were studied. Non-Newtonian flow
(power-law) quantities n and \mu (\sigma=\mu(\dot\epsilon)^n; \sigma: shear
stress, \dot\epsilon: shear rate) of the samples stored (gelatinized) at
20^{\circ}C for 10min after the addition of NaOH solution with the normality
0.090 - 0.175N, were measured by a cone-plate type rotational viscometer. For
the flow analysis a care was taken for the ambiguity of the analysis range of
flow data. The samples added with 0.14 - 0.16N NaOH displayed an apparently
dilatant flow. As the normality of added NaOH increased, apparent viscosity
\eta_a was steeply enhanced in the vicinity of 0.14N and started to grow almost
exponentially. Next, the storage time dependence of flow properties was
investigated for samples gelatinized for 6<t[min]<230 after the addition of
0.146N NaOH solution. A Newtonian analysis of the flow (\sigma - \dot\epsilon)
data indicated that viscosity \eta increased exponentially in the early stage
(6<t<35) and did linearly in the middle. It was argued that the observed time
dependence of viscosity could be described by a first-order reaction hypothesis
combined with the fluidity (\eta^{-1}) mixing rule with respect to
ungelatinized and gelatinized fractions of starch. The application of this
theoretical treatment to the present data suggested that the gelatinization
process was composed of plural phases with different values of a rate constant.
For the observed kinetic characteristic of alkali gelatinization, the
discussions were presented on the basis of amylose complex formation.


title: Late comment on Astumian's paradox

abstract:
  In 2001 Astumian published a very simple game which can be described by a
Markov chain with absorbing initial and final states. In August 2004 Piotrowski
and Sladowski asserted that Astumian's analysis was flawed. However, as was
shown by Astumian, this statement was wrong. In this comment the properties of
Markov chains corresponding to games that are more general than that studied by
Astumian, are investigated.


title: Thermostats for "slow" configurational modes

abstract:
  Thermostats are dynamical equations used to model thermodynamic variables
such as temperature and pressure in molecular simulations. For computationally
intensive problems such as the simulation of biomolecules, we propose to
average over fast momentum degrees of freedom and construct thermostat
equations in configuration space. The equations of motion are deterministic
analogues of the Smoluchowski dynamics in the method of stochastic differential
equations.


title: An immediate proof of the non-existence of GW's

abstract:
  In general relativity (GR) no observer is physically privileged. As a strict
consequence, it can be shown that the physical generation of gravitational
waves (GW's) is quite impossible.


title: Curvature effects in special relativity

abstract:
  Space-time measurements, of gedanken experiments of special relativity need
modification in curved spaces-times. It is found that in a space-time with
metric $g$, the special relativistic factor $\gamma$, has to be replaced by
$\gamma_\g=1/sqrt{g{\mu \nu} V^\mu V^\nu}$, where $V_\mu=(1,v,0,0)$, is the
4-velocity, and $v$ the relative velocity between the two frames. Examples are
given for Schwarzschild metric, Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, and the
G\"{o}del metric. Among the novelties are paradoxical tachyonic states, with
$\gamma_\g$ becoming imaginary, for velocities less than that of light, due to
space-time curvature. Relativistic mass becomes a function of space-time
curvature, $m=\sqrt{g_{\mu \nu}P^\mu P^\nu}$, where $P_\mu=(E,p)$ is the
4-momentum, signalling a new form of mach's principle, in which a global object
- namely the metric tensor, is effecting interia.


title:
Development of a novel high-sensivitiy LAr purity monitor based on an
  $\alpha$-source

abstract:
  A novel liquid argon (LAr) purity monitor was developed with a sensitivity to
electronegative impurities of the order of ppb (O$_2$ equivalent). Such a high
purity is e.g. needed in a LAr drift chamber. The principle is to measure the
lifetime of quasifree electrons in LAr, since this is the important parameter
for the operation of a drift chamber. Free electrons are produced by ionizing
the LAr with $\alpha$-particles emitted by the $^{210}Po$ chain daughter of an
isotope $^{210}Pb$ source. From a measurement of the charge of the electron
cloud at the beginning and at the end of a drift path, together with the drift
time, the lifetime of the electrons is obtained. The $\alpha$-particles have a
very short range of about 50 \mu$m in LAr and the ionization density is very
high, typically between $750\div 1500\rm MeV/cm$, leading to a high
recombination rate. To suppress the recombination of the argon ions with the
electrons, the $\alpha$-source was put in a strong electric field of $40\div
150$ kV/cm. This was achieved by depositing the source on the surface of a
spherical high voltage cathode with a diameter of about 0.5 mm. The anode was
also made as a sphere of about the same diameter as the cathode, thus, close to
the axis between the two electrodes the electric drift field was approximately
a dipole field.


title:
Axiomatic geometric formulation of electromagnetism with only one axiom:
  the field equation for the bivector field F with an explanation of the
  Trouton-Noble experiment

abstract:
  In this paper we present an axiomatic, geometric, formulation of
electromagnetism with only one axiom: the field equation for the Faraday
bivector field F. This formulation with F field is a self-contained, complete
and consistent formulation that dispenses with either electric and magnetic
fields or the electromagnetic potentials. All physical quantities are defined
without reference frames, the absolute quantities, i.e., they are geometric
four dimensional (4D) quantities or, when some basis is introduced, every
quantity is represented as a 4D coordinate-based geometric quantity comprising
both components and a basis. The new observer independent expressions for the
stress-energy vector T(n)(1-vector), the energy density U (scalar), the
Poynting vector S and the momentum density g (1-vectors), the angular momentum
density M (bivector) and the Lorentz force K (1-vector) are directly derived
from the field equation for F. The local conservation laws are also directly
derived from that field equation. The 1-vector Lagrangian with the F field as a
4D absolute quantity is presented; the interaction term is written in terms of
F and not, as usual, in terms of A. It is shown that this geometric formulation
is in a full agreement with the Trouton-Noble experiment.


title:
A unification scheme for classical and quantum mechanics at all
  velocities

abstract:
  From a Newtonian-Maxwellian solution for a perturbed vacuum with a physical
structure constructed based on pivotal experimental observations, we have
achieved a general scheme for the formation of basic material particles. A
basic particle, which may be e.g. an electron, is composed of a tiny free
aether-pole (a bare charge) and the mechanical wave disturbances -- identifying
with electromagnetic waves -- generated by it in the medium. When in motion, as
a result of a first kind source effect, this particle wave exhibits all of wave
and dynamic properties known for a de Broglie wave, and is here called a
Newton- de Broglie (NdB) particle wave. In a confined space, the Newtonian
solution for the NdB particle wave is equivalent to that given by Schrodinger's
quantum mechanics. Through this general scheme we have accomplished a basic
task of the unification of the classical- and the quantum- mechanics, both in
terms of the deduction of the latter from the former, and the convergence of
the latter into the former at high velocities. Through completing the task, we
unfold the origins of a series of phenomena including the electromagnetic
waves, the electromagnetic radiation and absorption, atomic and thermal
excitations, the inertial mass, the Schrodinger's wavefunction and de Broglie
wave, the Heisenberg's uncertainty relation, the de Broglie relations, the
simultaneous existence of electron and positron or generally of particles and
their anti-particles, the (rest) mass-energy equivalence relation, etc. The
general scheme facilitates also a Theory of Relative Motion which we present in
a separate paper, II; a series of followed studies are planned. (An original
report of the scheme with a Preface remarking on the changes in later
publications.)


title:
Memory Functions of the Additive Markov chains: Applications to Complex
  Dynamic Systems

abstract:
  A new approach to describing correlation properties of complex dynamic
systems with long-range memory based on a concept of additive Markov chains
(Phys. Rev. E 68, 061107 (2003)) is developed. An equation connecting a memory
function of the chain and its correlation function is presented. This equation
allows reconstructing the memory function using the correlation function of the
system. Thus, we have elaborated a novel method to generate a sequence with
prescribed correlation function. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed
method is demonstrated by simple model examples. Memory functions of concrete
coarse-grained literary texts are found and their universal power-law behavior
at long distances is revealed.


title:
Ray-based description of normal mode amplitudes in a range-dependent
  waveguide

abstract:
  An analogue of the geometrical optics for description of the modal structure
of a wave field in a range-dependent waveguide is considered. In the scope of
this approach the mode amplitude is expressed through solutions of the ray
equations. This analytical description accounts for mode coupling and remains
valid in a nonadiabatic environment. It has been used to investigate the
applicability condition of the adiabatic approximation. An applicability
criterion is formulated as a restriction on variations of the action variable
of the ray.


title:
The Dynamics of Book Sales: Endogenous versus Exogenous Shocks in
  Complex Networks

abstract:
  We present an extensive study of the foreshock and aftershock signatures
accompanying peaks of book sales. The time series of book sales are derived
from the ranking system of Amazon.com. We present two independent ways of
classifying peaks, one based on the acceleration pattern of sales and the other
based on the exponent of the relaxation. They are found to be consistent and
reveal the co-existence of two types of sales peaks: exogenous peaks occur
abruptly and are followed by a power law relaxation, while endogenous sale
peaks occur after a progressively accelerating power law growth followed by an
approximately symmetrical power law relaxation which is slower than for
exogenous peaks. We develop a simple epidemic model of buyers connected within
a network of acquaintances which propagates rumors and opinions on books. The
comparison between the predictions of the model and the empirical data confirms
the validity of the model and suggests in addition that social networks have
evolved to converge very close to criticality (here in the sense of critical
branching processes of opinion spreading). We test in details the evidence for
a power law distribution of book sales and confirm a previous indirect study
suggesting that the fraction of books (density distribution) $P(S)$ of sales S
is a power law P(S) ~ 1/S^{1+mu} with mu close to 2. A short version of this
work appeared in Sornette, D. et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 93 (22), 228701 (2004).


title:
Small signal gain analysis for a wiggler with noncollinear laser wave
  and electron beam

abstract:
  The collective and single-electron amplification regimes of a non-collinear
free electron laser are analyzed within the framework of dispersion equations.
The small-signal gain and the conditions for self-amplified excitations are
found. The collective excitations in a free electron laser are shown to be
favored by the non-collinear arrangement of the relativistic electrons and the
laser wave. Implications for free-electron lasing without inversion are
discussed.


title:
Electron Bernstein waves in spherical tokamak plasmas with "magnetic
  wells"

abstract:
  In addition to traditional regimes with monotonously increasing magnetic
field, regimes with "magnetic wells" also occur in spherical tokamaks (STs).
The magnetic field profile inversion modifies significantly the whole picture
of the wave propagation and damping. Since the magnetic wells may become quite
common with further improvement of ST performance, analysis of such
configurations is of interest for assessment of EBW plasma heating an CD
perspectives. In this paper the basic features of the EBWs propagation and
damping for the second cyclotron harmonic in a slab model are considered.


title:
Single-Particle Green Function Approach and Correlated Atomic or
  Molecular Orbitals

abstract:
  In this paper, we propose a generic and systematic approach for study of the
electronic structure for atoms or molecules. In particular, we address the
issue of single particle states, or orbitals, which should be one of the most
important aspects of a quantum many-body theory. We argue that the
single-particle $\it{Green}$ function provides a most general scheme for
generating these single particle states or orbitals. We call them the
$\it{correlated}$ atomic or molecular orbitals to make a distinction from those
determined from $\it{Hartree-Fock}$ equation. We present the calculation of the
single particle properties (i.e., the electron affinities $(EA's)$ and
ionization potentials $(IP's)$) for the $H_{2}O$ molecule using the correlated
molecular orbitals in the context of quantum chemistry with a second-order self
energy. We also calculate the total ground state energy with a single $Slater$
wavefunction determined only from the hole states. Comparisons are made with
available experimental data as well as with those from the $\it{Hartree-Fock}$
or density functional theory $(DFT)$ calculations. We conclude that the
correlated atomic or molecular orbital approach provides a strictest and most
powerful method for studying the single-particle properties of atoms or
molecules. It also gives a better total energy than do the $\it{Hartree-Fock}$
and $\it{DFT}$ even at the single $\it{Slater}$ determinant level. It promises
that a correlation theory based on the correlated atomic or molecular orbitals
will become an approach which possesses the advantages and also overcomes their
shortcomings of current quantum chemistry methods based on either the
conventional quantum many-body theory or the $DFT$.

categories: physics.chem-ph cond-mat.other cond-mat.soft physics.atm-clus


title:
Design of a Base-Board for arrays of closely-packed Multi-Anode
  Photo-Multipliers

abstract:
  We describe the design of a Base-Board to house Multi-Anode Photo-Multipliers
for use in large-area arrays of light sensors. The goals, the design, the
results of tests on the prototypes and future developments are presented.


title: Hypothetical Gravity Control and Possible Influence on Space Propulsion

abstract:
  In nearly all concepts invoked or proposed to change or shield gravity it is
intuitively assumed that manipulation of gravity automatically leads to a
breakthrough for propulsion. In this study it is shown, that even if gravity
could be hypothetically controlled along the manipulation schemes outlined, the
gains in terms of propulsion would be modest and lead to no breakthrough.
Although the manipulation schemes presented are not exhaustive, they include
the most straightforward ones from the current physics point of view.