title: Towards a Biomechanical Understanding of Tempo in the Golf Swing

abstract:
  It is proposed that aspects of the tempo of the golf swing can be understood
in terms of a biomechanical clock. This model explains several aspects of tempo
in the golf swing; including total duration of the golf swing, the ratio of
backswing to downswing time, and the relative insensitivity of tempo on the
length of the golf shot. We demonstrate that this clock and the resulting tempo
are defined by of the rotational inertia of the body/club system and the
elastic properties of the body, yielding a system which can be modeled as a
simple harmonic oscillator.


title: Self-imaging silicon Raman amplifier

abstract:
  We propose a new type of waveguide optical amplifier. The device consists of
collinearly propagating pump and amplified Stokes beams with periodic imaging
of the Stokes beam due to the Talbot effect. The application of this device as
an Image preamplifier for Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) remote sensing is discussed
and its performance is described. Silicon is the preferred material for this
application in MWIR due to its excellent transmission properties, high thermal
conductivity, high damage threshold and the mature fabrication technology. In
these devices, the Raman amplification process also includes four-wave-mixing
between various spatial modes of pump and Stokes signals. This phenomenon is
unique to nonlinear interactions in multimode waveguides and places a limit on
the maximum achievable gain, beyond which the image begins to distort. Another
source of image distortion is the preferential amplification of Stokes modes
that have the highest overlap with the pump. These effects introduce a tradeoff
between the gain and image quality. We show that a possible solution to this
trade-off is to restrict the pump into a single higher order waveguide mode.


title: Mixed Reality States in a Bidirectionally Coupled Interreality System

abstract:
  We present experimental data on the limiting behavior of an interreality
system comprising a virtual horizontally driven pendulum coupled to its
real-world counterpart, where the interaction time scale is much shorter than
the time scale of the dynamical system. We present experimental evidence that
if the physical parameters of the simplified virtual system match those of the
real system within a certain tolerance, there is a transition from an
uncorrelated dual reality state to a mixed reality state of the system in which
the motion of the two pendula is highly correlated. The region in parameter
space for stable solutions has an Arnold tongue structure for both the
experimental data and for a numerical simulation. As virtual systems better
approximate real ones, even weak coupling in other interreality systems may
produce sudden changes to mixed reality states.


title:
A Test to Verify the Speed Change of Light in the Gravitational Field of
  the Earth

abstract:
  Based on the Schwarzschild solution of the Einstein equation of gravitational
field, it is proved that the speed of light speed would change and isotropy of
light speed would be violated in gravitational field with spherical symmetry.
On the surface of the earth, the speed of light vertical to the surface is
0.2m/s less than that parallel to the surface. It is suggested to use the
method of the Michelson Morley interference to verify the change of light speed
and the violation of isotropy in the gravitational field of the earth. In the
proposed experiment, one arm of interferometer is vertical to the earth surface
while another is parallel to the surface. When two arms are turned over 90
degree, the shift of about 0.07 interference stripe would be caused which can
be observed directly. So this experiment can be considered as a new
verification for general relativity in the gravitational field with spherical
symmetry. If the experiment shows that gravitation would change the speed of
light and violate the isotropy of light speed, the result would cause great
effects on foundational physics, astrophysics and cosmolo


title:
From Centrality to Temporary Fame: Dynamic Centrality in Complex
  Networks

abstract:
  We develop a new approach to the study of the dynamics of link utilization in
complex networks using records of communication in a large social network.
Counter to the perspective that nodes have particular roles, we find roles
change dramatically from day to day. "Local hubs" have a power law degree
distribution over time, with no characteristic degree value. Our results imply
a significant reinterpretation of the concept of node centrality in complex
networks, and among other conclusions suggest that interventions targeting hubs
will have significantly less effect than previously thought.


title: A non-linear equation from photopolymerization kinetics

abstract:
  In a medium where a photoreactive species produces N equally photoreactive
radicals, by combining the Lambert-Beer law for the decay of light intensity,
as a beam propagates into the medium, with the kinetic equation, one obtains a
generalization of the Wegscheider equation from photobleaching theory. It is
shown that this equation can be solved exactly, but implicitly, and can be
reduced to a first order ordinary differential equation in a single reduced
variable.


title:
Relaxation and phase space singularities in time series of human
  magnetoencephalograms as indicator of photosensitive epilepsy

abstract:
  To analyze the crucial role of fluctuation and relaxation effects for the
function of the human brain we studied some statistical quantifiers that
support the information characteristics of neuromagnetic brain responses
(magnetoencephalogram, MEG). The signals to a flickering stimulus of different
color combinations have been obtained from a group of control subjects which is
then contrasted with those of a patient suffering photosensitive epilepsy
(PSE). We found that the existence of the specific stratification of the phase
clouds and the concomitant relaxation singularities of the corresponding
nonequilibrium dynamics of the chaotic behavior of the signals in separate
areas in a patient provide likely indicators for the zones which are
responsible for the appearance of PSE.


title:
Cation-like Doppler shifts from a neutral molecule in an electrical
  discharge

abstract:
  Velocity-modulation Fourier transform emission spectra from a N_2O/He
discharge plasma recorded between 1 and 5.5 $\mu$m are described. Surprisingly,
they show Doppler-shifted lines for the E ^2 \Sigma ^+ - D ^2 \Sigma ^+, C ^2
\Pi - A ^2 \Sigma ^+, and D ^2 \Sigma ^+ - A ^2 \Sigma ^+ Rydberg-Rydberg
rovibronic transitions of the nitric oxide neutral molecule. These
polarity-dependent Doppler-shifts are those of positively charged particles.
Vibration-rotation lines of NO and transitions from other neutral molecules
like N_2 are also present in the spectra with comparable intensities and remain
unshifted. Experimental investigations and possible explanations are discussed.


title:
A proposed DAQ system for a calorimeter at the International Linear
  Collider

abstract:
  This note describes R&D to be carried out on the data acquisition system for
a calorimeter at the future International Linear Collider. A generic
calorimeter and data acquisition system is described. Within this framework
modified designs and potential bottlenecks within the current system are
described. Solutions leading up to a technical design report will to be carried
out within CALICE-UK groups.


title: Preston on E=mc2

abstract: Samuel Preston's 1875 postulates concerning the nature ether are reviewed.


title: Simulation of optical microfiber loop resonators for biochemical sensing

abstract:
  Based on the basic theory of the microfiber loop resonator, we exploit the
application of microfiber loop resonators in biochemical sensing. We set up a
reliable theoretical model and optimize the structural parameters of microfiber
loop resonators including the radius of the microrfiber, the radius of the loop
and the length of the coupling region for higher sensitivity, wider dynamic
measurement range, and lower detection limit. To show the convincible and
realizable sensing ability we perform the simulation of sensing an extreme
small variation of ambient refractive index by employing a set of experimental
datas as the parameters in the expression of intensity transmission
coefficient, and the detection limit reaches to a varation of ambient
refractive index of 10-5 refractive index unit(RIU). This has superiority over
the exsiting evanescent field-based subwavelength-diameter optical fiber
refractive index sensor.


title: Controllable 3D atomic Brownian motor in optical lattices

abstract:
  We study a Brownian motor, based on cold atoms in optical lattices, where
atomic motion can be induced in a controlled manner in an arbitrary direction,
by rectification of isotropic random fluctuations. In contrast with ratchet
mechanisms, our Brownian motor operates in a potential that is spatially and
temporally symmetric, in apparent contradiction to the Curie principle.
Simulations, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, allow us to gain knowledge on
the qualitative behaviour of our Brownian motor. Studies of Brownian motors,
and in particular ones with unique control properties, are of fundamental
interest because of the role they play in protein motors and their potential
applications in nanotechnology. In particular, our system opens the way to the
study of quantum Brownian motors.


title: Ultra Fast Nonlinear Optical Tuning of Photonic Crystal Cavities

abstract:
  We demonstrate fast (up to 20 GHz), low power (5 $\mu W$) modulation of
photonic crystal (PC) cavities in GaAs containing InAs quantum dots. Rapid
modulation through blue-shifting of the cavity resonance is achieved via free
carrier injection by an above-band picosecond laser pulse. Slow tuning by
several linewidths due to laser-induced heating is also demonstrated.


title:
Surface-wave interferometry on single subwavelength slit-groove
  structures fabricated on gold films

abstract:
  We apply the technique of far-field interferometry to measure the properties
of surface waves generated by two-dimensional (2D) single subwavelength
slit-groove structures on gold films. The effective surface index of refraction
measured for the surface wave propagating over a distance of more than 12
microns is determined to be 1.016 with a measurement uncertainty of 0.004, to
within experimental uncertainty of the expected bound surface plasmon-polariton
(SPP) value for a Au/Air interface of 1.018. We compare these measurements to
finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulations of the optical field
transmission through these devices. We find excellent agreement between the
measurements and the simulations for the surface index of refraction. The
measurements also show that the surface wave propagation parameter exhibits
transient behavior close to the slit, evolving smoothly from greater values
asymptotically toward the value expected for the SPP over the first 2-3 microns
of slit-groove distance. This behavior is confirmed by the FDTD simulations.


title: Marangoni Convection in Binary Mixtures

abstract:
  Marangoni instabilities in binary mixtures are different from those in pure
liquids. In contrast to a large amount of experimental work on Marangoni
convection in pure liquids, such experiments in binary mixtures are not
available in the literature, to our knowledge. Using binary mixtures of sodium
chloride/water, we have systematically investigated the pattern formation for a
set of substrate temperatures and solute concentrations in an open system. The
flow patterns evolve with time, driven by surface-tension fluctuations due to
evaporation and the Soret effect, while the air-liquid interface does not
deform. A shadowgraph method is used to follow the pattern formation in time.
The patterns are mainly composed of polygons and rolls. The mean pattern size
first decreases slightly, and then gradually increases during the evolution.
Evaporation affects the pattern formation mainly at the early stage and the
local evaporation rate tends to become spatially uniform at the film surface.
The Soret effect becomes important at the later stage and affects the mixture
for a large mean solute concentration where the Soret number is significantly
above zero. The strength of convection increases with the initial solute
concentration and the substrate temperature. Our findings differ from the
theoretical predictions in which evaporation is neglected.


title:
Acetylene weak bands at 2.5 $\mu$m from intracavity Cr2+:ZnSe laser
  absorption observed with time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy

abstract:
  The spectral dynamics of a mid-infrared multimode Cr^2+:ZnSe laser located in
a vacuum sealed chamber containing acetylene at low pressure is analyzed by a
stepping-mode high-resolution time-resolved Fourier transform interferometer.
Doppler-limited absorption spectra of C_2H_2 in natural isotopic abundance are
recorded around 4000 cm^-1 with kilometric absorption path lengths and
sensitivities better than 3 10^-8 cm-1. Two cold bands are newly identified and
assigned to the n_1+n_4^1 and n_3+n_5^1 transitions of ^12C^13CH_2. The
n_1+n_5^1 band of ^12C_2HD and fourteen ^12C_2H_2 bands are observed, among
which for the first time n_2+2n_4^2+n_5^-1.


title:
Una prueba empirica de generadores de numeros pseudoaleatorios mediante
  un proceso de decaimiento exponencial

abstract:
  Empirical tests for pseudorandom number generators based on the use of
processes or physical models have been successfuly used and are considered as
complementary to theoretical test of randomness. In this work a statistical
methodology for evaluating the quality of pseudorandom number generators is
presented. The method is illustrated in the context of the so-called
exponential decay process, using some pseudorandom number generators commonly
used in physics.


title: Magnetophoretic separation of blood cells at the microscale

abstract:
  We present a method and model for the direct and continuous separation of red
and white blood cells in plasma. The method is implemented at the microscale
using a microfluidic system that consists of an array of integrated
soft-magnetic elements embedded beneath a microfluidic channel. The microsystem
is passive, and is activated via application of a bias field that magnetizes
the elements. Once magnetized, the elements produce a nonuniform magnetic field
distribution in the microchannel, which gives rise to a force on blood cells as
they pass through the microsystem. In whole blood, white blood cells behave as
diamagnetic microparticles while red blood cells exhibit diamagnetic or
paramagnetic behavior depending on the oxygenation of their hemoglobin. We
develop a mathematical model for predicting the motion of blood cells in the
microsystem that takes into account the dominant magnetic, fluidic and buoyant
forces on the cells. We use the model to study red/white blood cell transport,
and our analysis indicates that the microsystem is capable of rapid and
efficient red/white blood cell separation.


title: Social inertia and diversity in collaboration networks

abstract:
  Random graphs are useful tools to study social interactions. In particular,
the use of weighted random graphs allows to handle a high level of information
concerning which agents interact and in which degree the interactions take
place. Taking advantage of this representation, we recently defined a
magnitude, the Social Inertia, that measures the eagerness of agents to keep
ties with previous partners. To study this magnitude, we used collaboration
networks that are specially appropriate to obtain valid statistical results due
to the large size of publically available databases. In this work, I study the
Social Inertia in two of these empirical networks, IMDB movie database and
condmat. More specifically, I focus on how the Inertia relates to other
properties of the graphs, and show that the Inertia provides information on how
the weight of neighboring edges correlates. A social interpretation of this
effect is also offered.


title: Is the Universe a White-Hole?

abstract:
  Pathria(1972) has shown, for a pressureless closed Universe, that it is
inside a black (or white) hole. We show now, that the Universe with a cosmic
pressure obeying Einstein's field equations, can be inside a white-hole. In the
closed case, a positive cosmological constant does the job; for the flat and
open cases, the condition we find is not verified for the very early Universe,
but with the growth of the scale-factor, the condition will be certainly
fulfilled for a positive cosmological constant, after some time. We associate
the absolute temperature of the Universe, with the temperature of the
corresponding white-hole.


title:
A remark on the local density approximation with the gradient
  corrections and the X$_\alpha$ method

abstract:
  We report that the solids with narrow valence bands cannot be described by
the local density approximation with the gradient corrections in the density
functional theory as well as the X$_\alpha$ method. In particular, in the case
of completely filled valence bands, the work function is significantly
underestimated by these methods for such types of solids. Also, we figured out
that these deficiencies cannot be cured by the
self-interaction-corrected-local-density-approximation method.


title:
Complex Dynamics of Correlated Electrons in Molecular Double Ionization
  by an Ultrashort Intense Laser Pulse

abstract:
  With a semiclassical quasi-static model we achieve an insight into the
complex dynamics of two correlated electrons under the combined influence of a
two-center Coulomb potential and an intense laser field. The model calculation
is able to reproduce experimental data of nitrogen molecules for a wide range
of laser intensities from tunnelling to over-the-barrier regime, and predicts a
significant alignment effect on the ratio of double over single ion yield. The
classical trajectory analysis allows to unveil sub-cycle molecular double
ionization dynamics.


title:
Can thermal input from a prior universe account for relic graviton
  production?

abstract:
  Primer for how intense graviton production can be obtained in the first 10 to
the minus 43 seconds of cosmological inflation. In addition several
cosmological models which appear to have conclusions which are orthogonal, i.e.
LQG and its quantum bounce and Brane world models which appear to rule out
quantum bounce behavior, are shown to in part blend into each other as a direct
solution to how to reconcile S. Carroll's prediction of low temperature, low
entropy as a starting point of cosmological inflation with the ten to the 12
power degree kelvin behavior seen at the onset of Guth style chaotic inflation.


title: Ranking Spaces for Predicting Human Movement in an Urban Environment

abstract:
  A city can be topologically represented as a connectivity graph, consisting
of nodes representing individual spaces and links if the corresponding spaces
are intersected. It turns out in the space syntax literature that some defined
topological metrics can capture human movement rates in individual spaces. In
other words, the topological metrics are significantly correlated to human
movement rates, and individual spaces can be ranked by the metrics for
predicting human movement. However, this correlation has never been well
justified. In this paper, we study the same issue by applying the weighted
PageRank algorithm to the connectivity graph or space-space topology for
ranking the individual spaces, and find surprisingly that (1) the PageRank
scores are better correlated to human movement rates than the space syntax
metrics, and (2) the underlying space-space topology demonstrates small world
and scale free properties. The findings provide a novel justification as to why
space syntax, or topological analysis in general, can be used to predict human
movement. We further conjecture that this kind of analysis is no more than
predicting a drunkard's walking on a small world and scale free network.
  Keywords: Space syntax, topological analysis of networks, small world, scale
free, human movement, and PageRank


title: Complex motion of precipitation bands

abstract:
  Formation and dynamics of an Al(OH)_3 precipitation ring is studied by
diffusing NaOH into a gel containing AlCl_3. Limited feeding of the outer
electrolyte (NaOH) is found to yield an intricate ring-dynamics which involves
stopping and reversal of the direction of motion of the precipitation ring, and
evolution into stationary multi-ring structures. A model of the ring-dynamics
is developed by combining a phase separation scenario for the precipitation
with the redissolution (complex formation) of the precipitate in the excess of
the outer electrolyte.


title: Optimal Stochastic Enhancement of Photoionization

abstract:
  The effect of noise on the nonlinear photoionization of an atom due to a
femtosecond pulse is investigated in the framework of the stochastic
Schr\"odinger equation. A modest amount of white noise results in an
enhancement of the net ionization yield by several orders of magnitude, giving
rise to a form of quantum stochastic resonance. We demonstrate that this effect
is preserved if the white noise is replaced by broadband chaotic light.


title: The first applications of novel gaseous detectors for UV visualization

abstract:
  We have demonstrated experimentally that recently developed gaseous detectors
combined with solid or gaseous photo-cathodes have exceptionally low noise and
high quantum efficiency for UV photons while being solar blind. For this reason
they can be used for the detection of weak UV sources in daylight conditions.
These detectors are extremely robust, can operate in poor gas conditions and
are cheap. We present the first results of their applications to
hyper-spectroscopy and flame detection in daylight conditions.


title: Nonlinear directional coupler for polychromatic light

abstract:
  We demonstrate that nonlinear directional coupler with special bending of
waveguide axes can be used for all-optical switching of polychromatic light
with very broad spectrum covering all visible region. The bandwidth of
suggested device is enhanced five times compared to conventional couplers. Our
results suggest novel opportunities for creation of all-optical logical gates
and switches for polychromatic light with white-light and super-continuum
spectrum.


title:
Limit order placement as an utility maximization problem and the origin
  of power law distribution of limit order prices

abstract:
  I consider the problem of the optimal limit order price of a financial asset
in the framework of the maximization of the utility function of the investor.
The analytical solution of the problem gives insight on the origin of the
recently empirically observed power law distribution of limit order prices. In
the framework of the model, the most likely proximate cause of this power law
is a power law heterogeneity of traders' investment time horizons .


title:
Directed or Undirected? A New Index to Check for Directionality of
  Relations in Socio-Economic Networks

abstract:
  This paper proposes a simple procedure to decide whether the
empirically-observed adjacency or weights matrix, which characterizes the graph
underlying a socio-economic network, is sufficiently symmetric (respectively,
asymmetric) to justify an undirected (respectively, directed) network analysis.
We introduce a new index that satisfies two main properties. First, it can be
applied to both binary or weighted graphs. Second, once suitably standardized,
it distributes as a standard normal over all possible adjacency/weights
matrices. To test the index in practice, we present an application that employs
a set of well-known empirically-observed social and economic networks.


title: The PHENIX Muon Trigger Upgrade

abstract:
  The PHENIX muon trigger upgrade adds Level-1 trigger detectors to existing
forward muon spectrometers and will enhance the ability of the experiment to
pursue a rich program of spin physics in polarized proton collisions at
sqrt(s)=500GeV. The additional muon trigger detectors and Level-1 trigger
electronics will allow the experiment to select high momentum muons from the
decay of W-bosons and reject both beam-associated and low-momentum collision
background, enabling the study of quark and antiquark polarization in the
proton. The muon trigger upgrade will add momentum and timing information to
the present muon Level-1 trigger, which only makes use of tracking in the
PHENIX muon identifier (MuID) panels. Signals from three new resistive plate
chambers (RPC's) and re-instrumented planes in the existing muon tracking
(MuTr) chambers will provide momentum and timing information for the new
Level-1 trigger. An RPC timing resolution of ~2ns will permit rejection of beam
related backgrounds.


title: A Hamiltonian approach to quantum gravity

abstract:
  We explore the idea that gravitational interaction can be described by
instantaneous inter-particle potentials. This idea is in full accord with
relativistic quantum theory. In particular, it resembles the ``dressed
particle'' approach to quantum electrodynamics. Although the complete
non-perturbative of this theory is yet unknown, one can reasonably guess its
form in low perturbation orders and in the (1/c)^2 approximation. We suggest a
relativistic energy operator, which in the classical limit reduces to the
Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann Hamiltonian for massive particles and correctly
describes the effects of gravity on photons, including the light bending, the
Shapiro delay, the gravitational time dilation and the red shift. The causality
of this approach is briefly discussed.


title:
Parameters of the crystalline undulator and its radiation for particular
  experimental conditions

abstract:
  We report the results of theoretical and numerical analysis of the
crystalline undulators planned to be used in the experiments which are the part
of the ongoing PECU project [1]. The goal of such an analysis was to define the
parameters (different from those pre-set by the experimental setup) of the
undulators which ensure the highest yield of photons of specified energies. The
calculations were performed for 0.6 and 10 GeV positrons channeling through
periodically bent Si and Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$ crystals.


title:
Determining the antiproton magnetic moment from measurements of the
  hyperfine structure of antiprotonic helium

abstract:
  Recent progress in the spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium has allowed for
measuring the separation between components of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of
the (37,35) metastable states with an accuracy of 300 MHz, equivalent to a
relative accuracy of 3x10^{-5}. The analysis of the uncertainties of the
available theoretical results on the antiprotonic helium HFS shows that the
accuracy of the value of the dipole magnetic moment of the antiproton
(currently known to only 0.3 %) may be improved by up to 2 orders of magnitude
by measuring the splitting of appropriately selected components of the HFS of
any of the known metastable states. The feasibility of the proposed measurement
by means of an analog of the triple resonance method is also discussed.


title:
Intuitive Proof of Black-Scholes Formula Based on Arbitrage and
  Properties of Lognormal Distribution

abstract:
  Presented is intuitive proof of Black-Scholes formula for European call
options, which is based on arbitrage and properties of lognormal distribution.
Paper can help students and non-mathematicians to better understand economic
concepts behind one of the biggest achievements in modern financial theory.


title:
Dual effect of surface plasmons in light transmission through perforated
  metal films

abstract:
  The light transmission through square and rectangular holes in a metal film
has been studied. By taking account of plasma response of real metal on hole
walls as well as metal surface, an analytical result for the transmission has
been deduced, which agrees well with the experiments. We show that the light
transmission involves both the diffraction modes and the surface plasmons.
Strong coupling of diffraction modes to surface plasmon polariton results in
the transmission minima, whereas the coupling to cavity surface plasmon leads
to the transmission maxima. The results suggest a dual-effect of the surface
plasmons.


title:
Comment on "R\"{o}ntgen Quantum Phase Shift: A Semiclassical Local
  Electrodynamical Effect?''

abstract:
  This paper is Comment on the paper: S.A.R. Horsley and M. Babiker, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 95, 010405 (2005).


title: Unanimity Rule on networks

abstract:
  We introduce a model for innovation-, evolution- and opinion dynamics whose
spreading is dictated by unanimity rules, i.e. a node will change its (binary)
state only if all of its neighbours have the same corresponding state. It is
shown that a transition takes place depending on the initial condition of the
problem. In particular, a critical number of initially activated nodes is
needed so that the whole system gets activated in the long-time limit. The
influence of the degree distribution of the nodes is naturally taken into
account. For simple network topologies we solve the model analytically, the
cases of random, small-world and scale-free are studied in detail.


title:
A remark on an ansatz by M.W. Evans and the so-called
  Einstein-Cartan-Evans unified field theory

abstract:
  M.W.Evans tried to relate the electromagnetic field strength to the torsion
of a Riemann-Cartan spacetime. We show that this ansatz is untenable for at
least two reasons: (i) Geometry: Torsion is related to the (external)
translation group and cannot be linked to an internal group, like the U(1)
group of electrodynamics. (ii) Electrodynamics: The electromagnetic field
strength as a 2-form carries 6 independent components, whereas Evans'
electromagnetic construct F^\a is a vector-valued 2-form with 24 independent
components. This doesn't match. One of these reasons is already enough to
disprove the ansatz of Evans.


title: Unstable Optical Resonators & Fractal Light

abstract:
  Codes were written to simulate the propagation of monochromatic light through
a bare optical resonator, using a computational Fourier method to solve the
Huygens-Fresnel integral. This was used, in the Fox-Li method, to find the
lowest-loss eigenmodes of arbitrary cavity designs. An implicit shift `hopping'
method was employed to allow a series of increasingly higher-loss eigenmodes to
be found, limited in number by computational time.
  Codes were confirmed in their accuracy against the literature, and were used
to investigate a number of different cavity configurations.
  In addition to confirming the fractal nature of eigenmodes imaged at the
conjugate plane of a symmetric (g<-1) resonator, an initial study was made of
how the (imperfect) quality of the fractal fit varied as the defining aperture
was moved around the cavity.
  A comparison was also made with the fractal-patterns produced by codes
written to simulate basic video-feedback.


title:
Reply to comment by A.V. Kildishev et al. [physics/0609234] and V. M.
  Shalaev et al. [Opt. Lett. 30, 3345 (2005)]

abstract:
  We discuss the claims of the comment at arXiv.org:physics/0609234. We show
that A.V. Kildishev et al. misread our method of extracting of optical
constants of nanostructured films. The theoretical calculations performed in
the comment appear to be in a direct contradiction with an experiment. We
demonstrate that the theoretical calculations suggested being free from
ambiguities (V.M. Shalaev et al., Opt. Lett. 30, 3345 (2005)) require an
additional experimental verification, which can be performed by observing
physical effects of negative refraction.


title: Dynamics of a liquid dielectric attracted by a cylindrical capacitor

abstract:
  The dynamics of a liquid dielectric attracted by a vertical cylindrical
capacitor is studied. Contrary to what might be expected from the standard
calculation of the force exerted by the capacitor, the motion of the dielectric
is different depending on whether the charge or the voltage of the capacitor is
held constant. The problem turns out to be an unconventional example of
dynamics of a system with variable mass, whose velocity can, in certain
circumstances, suffer abrupt changes. Under the hypothesis that the voltage
remains constant the motion is described in qualitative and quantitative
details, and a very brief qualitative discussion is made of the constant charge
case.


title: Topology and Evolution of Technology Innovation Networks

abstract:
  The web of relations linking technological innovation can be fairly described
in terms of patent citations. The resulting patent citation network provides a
picture of the large-scale organization of innovations and its time evolution.
Here we study the patterns of change of patents registered by the US Patent and
Trademark Office (USPTO). We show that the scaling behavior exhibited by this
network is consistent with a preferential attachment mechanism together with a
Weibull-shaped aging term. Such attachment kernel is shared by scientific
citation networks, thus indicating an universal type of mechanism linking ideas
and designs and their evolution. The implications for evolutionary theory of
innovation are discussed.


title:
The X$^1\Sigma^+$ and a$^3\Sigma^+$ states of LiCs studied by
  Fourier-transform spectroscopy

abstract:
  We present the first high-resolution spectroscopic study of LiCs. LiCs is
formed in a heat pipe oven and studied via laser-induced fluorescence
Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By exciting molecules through the
X$^1\Sigma^+$-B$^1\Pi$ and X$^1\Sigma^+$-D$^1\Pi$ transitions vibrational
levels of the X$^1\Sigma^+$ ground state have been observed up to 3cm^{-1}
below the dissociation limit enabling an accurate construction of the
potential. Furthermore, rovibrational levels in the a$^3\Sigma^+$ triplet
ground state have been observed because the excited states obtain sufficient
triplet character at the corresponding excited atomic asymptote. With the help
of coupled channels calculations accurate singlet and triplet ground state
potentials were derived reaching the atomic ground state asymptote and allowing
first predictions of cold collision properties of Li + Cs pairs.


title: Statistical Dynamics of Religions and Adherents

abstract:
  Religiosity is one of the most important sociological aspects of populations.
All religions may evolve in their beliefs and adapt to the society
developments. A religion is a social variable, like a language or wealth, to be
studied like any other organizational parameter.
  Several questions can be raised, as considered in this study: e.g. (i) from a
``macroscopic'' point of view : How many religions exist at a given time? (ii)
from a ``microscopic'' view point: How many adherents belong to one religion?
Does the number of adherents increase or not, and how? No need to say that if
quantitative answers and mathematical laws are found, agent based models can be
imagined to describe such non-equilibrium processes.
  It is found that empirical laws can be deduced and related to preferential
attachment processes, like on evolving network; we propose two different
algorithmic models reproducing as well the data. Moreover, a population
growth-death equation is shown to be a plausible modeling of evolution dynamics
in a continuous time framework. Differences with language dynamic competition
is emphasized.


title:
Electrostatic deflection of the water molecule, a fundamental asymmetric
  rotor

abstract:
  An inhomogeneous electric field is used to study the deflection of a
supersonic beam of water molecules. The deflection profiles show strong
broadening accompanied by a small net displacement towards higher electric
fields. The profiles are in excellent agreement with a calculation of
rotational Stark shifts. The molecular rotational temperature being the only
adjustable parameter, beam deflection is found to offer an accurate and
practical means of determining this quantity. A pair of especially strongly
responding rotational sublevels, adding up to \approx 25% of the total beam
intensity, are readily separated by deflection, making them potentially useful
for further electrostatic manipulation.


title: Untying molecular friction knots

abstract:
  Motivated by recent advances in single molecule manipulation techniques that
enabled several groups to tie knots in individual polymer strands and to
monitor their dynamics, we have used computer simulations to study "friction
knots" joining a pair of polymer strands. The key property of a friction knot
splicing two ropes is that it becomes jammed when the ropes are pulled apart.
In contrast, molecular friction knots eventually become undone by thermal
motion. We show that depending on the knot type and on the polymer structure, a
friction knot between polymer strands can be strong (the time t the knot stays
tied increases with the force F applied to separate the strands) or weak (t
decreases with increasing F). We further present a simple model explaining
these behaviors.


title:
An information-theoretic framework for resolving community structure in
  complex networks

abstract:
  To understand the structure of a large-scale biological, social, or
technological network, it can be helpful to decompose the network into smaller
subunits or modules. In this article, we develop an information-theoretic
foundation for the concept of modularity in networks. We identify the modules
of which the network is composed by finding an optimal compression of its
topology, capitalizing on regularities in its structure. We explain the
advantages of this approach and illustrate them by partitioning a number of
real-world and model networks.


title: Optimal Proton Trapping in a Neutron Lifetime Experiment

abstract:
  In a neutron lifetime experiment conducted at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, protons produced by neutron decay events are confined
in a Penning trap. In each run of the experiment, there is a trapping stage of
duration $\tau$. After the trapping stage, protons are purged from the trap. A
proton detector provides incomplete information because it goes dead after
detecting the first of any purged protons. Further, there is a dead time
$\delta$ between the end of the trapping stage in one run and the beginning of
the next trapping stage in the next run. Based on the fraction of runs where a
proton is detected, I estimate the trapping rate $\lambda$ by the method of
maximum likelihood. I show that the expected value of the maximum likelihood
estimate is infinite. To obtain a maximum likelihood estimate with a finite
expected value and a well-defined and finite variance, I restrict attention to
a subsample of all realizations of the data. This subsample excludes an
exceedingly rare realization that yields an infinite-valued estimate of
$\lambda$. I present asymptotically valid formulas for the bias,
root-mean-square prediction error, and standard deviation of the maximum
likelihood estimate of $\lambda$ for this subsample. Based on nominal values of
$\lambda$ and the dead time $\delta$, I determine the optimal duration of the
trapping stage $\tau$ by minimizing the root-mean-square prediction error of
the estimate.


title: Statistical properties of sampled networks by random walks

abstract:
  We study the statistical properties of the sampled networks by a random
walker. We compare topological properties of the sampled networks such as
degree distribution, degree-degree correlation, and clustering coefficient with
those of the original networks. From the numerical results, we find that most
of topological properties of the sampled networks are almost the same as those
of the original networks for $\gamma \lesssim 3$. In contrast, we find that the
degree distribution exponent of the sampled networks for $\gamma>3$ somewhat
deviates from that of the original networks when the ratio of the sampled
network size to the original network size becomes smaller. We also apply the
sampling method to various real networks such as collaboration of movie actor,
world wide web, and peer-to-peer networks. All topological properties of the
sampled networks show the essentially same as the original real networks.


title:
Simulation study of the interaction between large-amplitude HF radio
  waves and the ionosphere

abstract:
  The time evolution of a large-amplitude electromagnetic (EM) wave injected
vertically into the overhead ionosphere is studied numerically. The EM wave has
a carrier frequency of 5 MHz and is modulated as a Gaussian pulse with a width
of approximately 0.1 milliseconds and a vacuum amplitude of 1.5 V/m at 50 km.
This is a fair representation of a modulated radio wave transmitted from a
typical high-power HF broadcast station on the ground. The pulse is propagated
through the neutral atmosphere to the critical points of the ionosphere, where
the L-O and R-X modes are reflected, and back to the neutral atmosphere. We
observe mode conversion of the L-O mode to electrostatic waves, as well as
harmonic generation at the turning points of both the R-X and L-O modes, where
their amplitudes rise to several times the original ones. The study has
relevance for ionospheric interaction experiments in combination with
ground-based and satellite or rocket observations.


title:
The physics of space and time I: The description of rulers and clocks in
  uniform translational motion by Galilean or Lorentz transformations

abstract:
  A calculus based on pointer-mark coincidences is proposed to define, in a
mathematically rigorous way, measurements of space and time intervals. The
connection between such measurements in different inertial frames according to
the Galilean or Lorentz transformations is then studied using new, simple, and
practical clock synchronisation procedures. It is found that measured length
intervals are Lorentz invariant, whereas moving clocks show a universal time
dilatation effect. The `relativistic length contraction' and `relativity of
simultaneity' effects of conventional special relativity theory are shown to be
the consequence of calculational error. Two derivations of the Lorentz
transformation from simple postulates, without reference to electrodynamics or
any other dynamical theory, are reviewed in an appendix.


title:
General radar transmission codes that minimize measurement error of a
  static target

abstract:
  The variances of matched and sidelobe free mismatched filter estimators are
given for arbitrary coherent targets in the case of aperiodic transmission. It
is shown that mismatched filtering is often better than matched filtering in
terms of estimation accuracy. A search strategy for finding general
transmission codes that minimize estimation error and satisfy constraints on
code power and amplitude range is then introduced. Results show that nearly
perfect codes, with performance close to a single pulse with the same total
power can be found. Also, finding these codes is not computationally expensive
and such codes can be found for all practical code lengths. The estimation
accuracy of the newly found codes are compared to binary phase codes of similar
length and found to be better in terms of estimator variance. Similar
transmission codes might be worth investigating also for sonar and
telecommunications applications.


title:
The physics of space and time II: A reassessment of Einstein's 1905
  special relativity paper

abstract:
  A detailed re-examination of the seminal paper on special relativity, taking
into account recent work on the physical interpretation of the space-time
Lorentz transformation as well as the modern understanding of classical
elecromagnetism as a certain limit of the fundamental underlying theory
--quantum electrodynamics-- is presented. Many errors both of physical
principle and of a mathematical nature are uncovered. The `relativity of
simultaneity' and `length contraction' effects predicted in the paper are shown
to be the spurious consequences of misinterpretations of the second postulate
and the Lorentz transformation, respectively. The derivation of the latter in
the paper is shown to be flawed. In this case, and other instances, due to
cancellation of mistakes, a correct result is obtained in a fallacious manner.
Separate lists of the correct and incorrect predictions of the paper are given.
Due to the unique and revolutionary nature of its epistemological approach (the
use of `thought experiments' and axiomatic derivations) and the experimentally
verified predictions of time-dilatation and mass-energy equivalence the
fundamental importance of the paper for the development of physics is little
affected by the many mathematical errors and (to modern eyes) physical
misconceptions that it contains.


title:
Extreme Value Statistics of the Total Energy in an Intermediate
  Complexity Model of the Mid-latitude Atmospheric Jet. Part II: trend
  detection and assessment

abstract:
  A baroclinic model for the atmospheric jet at middle-latitudes is used as
stochastic generator of non-stationary time series of the total energy of the
system. A linear time trend is imposed on the parameter $T_E$, descriptive of
the forced equator-to-pole temperature gradient and responsible for setting the
average baroclinicity in the model. The focus lies on establishing a
theoretically sound framework for the detection and assessment of trend at
extreme values of the generated time series. This problem is dealt with by
fitting time-dependent Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) models to sequences of
yearly maxima of the total energy. A family of GEV models is used in which the
location $\mu$ and scale parameters $\sigma$ depend quadratically and linearly
on time, respectively, while the shape parameter $\xi$ is kept constant. From
this family, a model is selected by using diagnostic graphical tools, such as
probability and quantile plots, and by means of the likelihood ratio test. The
inferred location and scale parameters are found to depend in a rather smooth
way on time and, therefore, on $T_E$. In particular, power-law dependences of
$\mu$ and $\sigma$ on $T_E$ are obtained, in analogy with the results of a
previous work where the same baroclinic model was run with fixed values of
$T_E$ spanning the same range as in this case. It is emphasized under which
conditions the adopted approach is valid.

categories: physics.ao-ph physics.data-an physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph


title: Broadband radial discone antenna: Design, application and measurements

abstract:
  The wide band of frequencies that includes all those allocated to 2G/3G
applications was defined as 2G/3G band and the discone antenna with a structure
of radial wires was defined as radial discone. This antenna was theoretically
analysed and software simulated with the purpose of computationally design a
broadband model of it. As an application, a radial discone for operation from
800 to 3000 MHz, which include the 2G/3G band, was designed and an experimental
model was built and tested. Mathematically expressed measurement error bounds
were computed in order to evaluate the agreement between theory and practice.


title:
Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport through thin slabs: A
  comparative study of PENELOPE, GEANT3, GEANT4, EGSnrc and MCNPX

abstract:
  The Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport through thin slabs is
studied with five general purpose codes: PENELOPE, GEANT3, GEANT4, EGSnrc and
MCNPX. The different material foils analyzed in the old experiments of
Kulchitsky and Latyshev [Phys. Rev. 61 (1942) 254-266] and Hanson et al. [Phys.
Rev. 84 (1951) 634-637] are used to perform the comparison between the Monte
Carlo codes. Non-negligible differences are observed in the angular
distributions of the transmitted electrons obtained with the some of the codes.
The experimental data are reasonably well described by EGSnrc, PENELOPE (v.
2005) and GEANT4. A general good agreement is found for EGSnrc and GEANT4 in
all the cases analyzed.


title:
Dose distribution in water for monoenergetic photon point sources in the
  energy range of interest in brachytherapy: Monte Carlo simulations with
  PENELOPE and GEANT4

abstract:
  Monte Carlo calculations using the codes PENELOPE and GEANT4 have been
performed to characterize the dosimetric properties of monoenergetic photon
point sources in water. The dose rate in water has been calculated for energies
of interest in brachytherapy, ranging between 10 keV and 2 MeV. A comparison of
the results obtained using the two codes with the available data calculated
with other Monte Carlo codes is carried out. A chi2-like statistical test is
proposed for these comparisons. PENELOPE and GEANT4 show a reasonable agreement
for all energies analyzed and distances to the source larger than 1 cm.
Significant differences are found at distances from the source up to 1 cm. A
similar situation occurs between PENELOPE and EGS4.


title:
A Thermal Beam of Metastable Krypton Atoms Produced by Optical
  Excitation

abstract:
  A room-temperature beam of krypton atoms in the metastable 5s[3/2]2 level is
demonstrated via an optical excitation method. A Kr-discharge lamp is used to
produce VUV photons at 124 nm for the first-step excitation from the
ground-level 4p6 1S0 to the 5s[3/2]1 level. An 819 nm Ti:Sapphire laser is used
for the second-step excitation from 5s[3/2]1 to 5p[3/2]1, followed by a
spontaneous decay to the 5s[3/2]2 metastable level. A metastable atomic beam
with an angular flux density of 3 x 10^14 /s/sr is achieved at the total gas
flow rate of 0.01 cm^3 STP/s (or 3 x 10^17 atoms/s). The dependences of the
flux on the gas flow rate, laser power, and lamp parameters are investigated.


title:
Self-diffusion on Si(001) mono-hydride surfaces revisited: The role of
  adatom clustering

abstract:
  First-principles total-energy calculations of the H/Si(001)-2x1 surfaces
reveals a dual diffusion process for the Si adatoms: single along the dimer row
while pairing up across the row. The calculated diffusion barrier along the
dimer row is 1.1 eV, which is, however, too small to account for the
hydrogen-induced growth disruption seen by experiments. Instead, we find that
the adatom diffusion, in the presence of H, leads to the formation of immobile
fourfold-ring Si tetramers which are difficult to break. This could explain the
adverse effects of H on Si homoepitaxy.


title: Multi-sensor system for simultaneous ultra-low-field MRI and MEG

abstract:
  Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-low
fields (ULF MRI) are two methods based on the ability of SQUID (superconducting
quantum interference device) sensors to detect femtotesla magnetic fields.
Combination of these methods will allow simultaneous functional (MEG) and
structural (ULF MRI) imaging of the human brain. In this paper, we report the
first implementation of a multi-sensor SQUID system designed for both MEG and
ULF MRI. We present a multi-channel image of a human hand obtained at 46
microtesla field, as well as results of auditory MEG measurements with the new
system.


title:
Differential Error Region of a Quantity Dependent on Full One-Port
  Network Analyser Measurements

abstract:
  An analytical method was developed to estimate errors in quantities depended
on full one-port vector network analyser (VNA) measurements using differentials
and a complex differential error region (DER) was defined. To evaluate the
method, differences instead of differentials were placed over a DER which was
then analysed and compared with another commonly used estimated error. Two real
differential error intervals (DEIs) were defined by the greatest lower and
least upper bounds of DER projections. To demonstrate the method, a typical
device under test (DUT) was built and tested against frequency. Practically, a
DER and its DEIs are solely based on manufacturer's data for standard loads and
their uncertainties, measured values and their inaccuracies.


title: Interaction of Ultracold Antihydrogen with a Conducting Wall

abstract:
  We investigate the interaction of ultracold antihydrogen with a conducting
surface. Our discussion focuses on the physical regime where the phenomenon of
quantum reflection manifests. We calculate the reflection probability as
function of incident atom energy. We find that, for ground state $\bar{H}$
atoms (with $T< 10^{-5}$ K), the probability of reflection is $R \simeq 1-k b$,
where $k$ is the momentum of the atom and $b = 2174.0$ a.u. is a constant
determined solely by the van der Waals-Casimir tail of the atom-wall
interaction. We show that quantum reflection, which suppresses the direct
contact of ultra-cold atoms with the surface, allows for the possibility of
confinement and storage of cold antihydrogen atoms. We calculate the life-time
of confinement as a function of antihydrogen energy. We develop a theory of
$\bar{H}$ in a wave-guide and propose its application to fundamental
measurements. In particular, for measurement of retardation corrections in the
long-range component of the antiatom - wall potential. We demonstrate, for
$\bar{H}$ falling in the gravitational field of Earth onto a conducting
surface, the existence of quantized $\bar{H}$ states. We calculate that the
lifetime of ultracold $\bar{H}$ in its lowest gravitational state and obtain
$\tau=(Mg b/2\hbar)^{-1}\simeq 0.1$ s, where $Mg$ is a gravitational force
acting on the antiatom. We propose that measurement of this lifetime may
provide a new test for the gravitational properties of antimatter.


title: ACORDE - A Cosmic Ray Detector for ALICE

abstract:
  ACORDE, the ALICE COsmic Ray DEtector is one of the ALICE detectors,
presently under construction. It consists of an array of plastic scintillator
counters placed on the three upper faces of the ALICE magnet. This array will
act as Level 0 cosmic ray trigger and, together with other ALICE sub-detectors,
will provide precise information on cosmic rays with primary energies around
$10^{15-17}$ eV. In this paper we will describe the ACORDE detector, trigger
design and electronics.


title: Fractal templates in the escape dynamics of trapped ultracold atoms

abstract:
  We consider the dynamic escape of a small packet of ultracold atoms launched
from within an optical dipole trap. Based on a theoretical analysis of the
underlying nonlinear dynamics, we predict that fractal behavior can be seen in
the escape data. This data would be collected by measuring the time-dependent
escape rate for packets launched over a range of angles. This fractal pattern
is particularly well resolved below the Bose-Einstein transition temperature--a
direct result of the extreme phase space localization of the condensate. We
predict that several self-similar layers of this novel fractal should be
measurable and we explain how this fractal pattern can be predicted and
analyzed with recently developed techniques in symbolic dynamics.


title: On a finite universe with no beginning or end

abstract:
  Based on the conjecture that rather than the second law of thermodynamics
inevitably be breached as matter approaches a big crunch or a black hole
singularity, the order of events should reverse, a model of the universe that
resolves a number of longstanding problems and paradoxes in cosmology is
presented. A universe that has no beginning (and no need for one), no ending,
but yet is finite, is without singularities, precludes time travel, in which
events are neither determined by initial or final conditions, and problems such
as why the universe has a low entropy past, or conditions at the big bang
appear to be so "special," require no causal explanation, is the result. This
model also has some profound philosophical implications.


title:
Intra-cellular transport by single-headed kinesin KIF1A: effects of
  single-motor mechano-chemistry and steric interactions

abstract:
  In eukaryotic cells, many motor proteins can move simultaneously on a single
microtubule track. This leads to interesting collective phenomena like jamming.
Recently we reported ({\it Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 118101 (2005)}) a
lattice-gas model which describes traffic of unconventional (single-headed)
kinesins KIF1A. Here we generalize this model, introducing a novel interaction
parameter $c$, to account for an interesting mechano-chemical process which has
not been considered in any earlier model. We have been able to extract all the
parameters of the model, except $c$, from experimentally measured quantities.
In contrast to earlier models of intra-cellular molecular motor traffic, our
model assigns distinct ``chemical'' (or, conformational) states to each kinesin
to account for the hydrolysis of ATP, the chemical fuel of the motor. Our model
makes experimentally testable theoretical predictions. We determine the phase
diagram of the model in planes spanned by experimentally controllable
parameters, namely, the concentrations of kinesins and ATP. Furthermore, the
phase-separated regime is studied in some detail using analytical methods and
simulations to determine e.g. the position of shocks. Comparison of our
theoretical predictions with experimental results is expected to elucidate the
nature of the mechano-chemical process captured by the parameter $c$.


title:
Experimental investigations of local-time effect existence on laboratory
  scale and heterogeneity of space-time

abstract:
  The main subject of the work is experimental investigation of local-time
effect existence on laboratory scale, which means longitudinal distances
between locations of measurements from tens to one meter. Also short revue of
our investigations of local-time effect existence for distances from 15 km to
500 m are presented. Besides investigations of the minimal spatial scale of
local-time effect existence the paper presents investigations of the named
effect for time domain. In this relation a structure of intervals distribution
in neighborhood of local-time peak was studied and splitting of the peak was
found out. Further investigations shows second order splitting of local-time
peak. From this result arise a supposition that space-time heterogeneity, which
following from local-time effect existence probably has fractal character.
Obtained results lead to conclusion about sharp anisotropy of space-time.


title: Topological fractal networks introduced by mixed degree distribution

abstract:
  Several fundamental properties of real complex networks, such as the
small-world effect, the scale-free degree distribution, and recently discovered
topological fractal structure, have presented the possibility of a unique
growth mechanism and allow for uncovering universal origins of collective
behaviors. However, highly clustered scale-free network, with power-law degree
distribution, or small-world network models, with exponential degree
distribution, are not self-similarity. We investigate networks growth mechanism
of the branching-deactivated geographical attachment preference that learned
from certain empirical evidence of social behaviors. It yields high clustering
and spectrums of degree distribution ranging from algebraic to exponential,
average shortest path length ranging from linear to logarithmic. We observe
that the present networks fit well with small-world graphs and scale-free
networks in both limit cases (exponential and algebraic degree distribution
respectively), obviously lacking self-similar property under a length-scale
transformation. Interestingly, we find perfect topological fractal structure
emerges by a mixture of both algebraic and exponential degree distributions in
a wide range of parameter values. The results present a reliable connection
among small-world graphs, scale-free networks and topological fractal networks,
and promise a natural way to investigate universal origins of collective
behaviors.


title:
Single-Shot Two Dimensional Time Resolved Coherent Anti Stokes Raman
  Scattering

abstract:
  Single-shot time resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) is
presented as a viable method for fast measurements of molecular spectra. The
method is based on the short spatial extension of femtosecond pulses and maps
time delays between pulses onto the region of intersection between broad beams.
The image of the emitted CARS signal contains full temporal information on the
field-free molecular dynamics, from which spectral information is extracted.
The method is demonstrated on liquid samples of CHBr3 and CHCl3 and the Raman
spectrum of the low-lying vibrational states of these molecules is measured.


title: Dynamical evolution of clustering in complex network of earthquakes

abstract:
  The network approach plays a distinguished role in contemporary science of
complex systems/phenomena. Such an approach has been introduced into seismology
in a recent work [S. Abe and N. Suzuki, Europhys. Lett. 65, 581 (2004)]. Here,
we discuss the dynamical property of the earthquake network constructed in
California and report the discovery that the values of the clustering
coefficient remain stationary before main shocks, suddenly jump up at the main
shocks, and then slowly decay following a power law to become stationary again.
Thus, the network approach is found to characterize main shocks in a peculiar
manner.


title: Risk evaluation with enhaced covariance matrix

abstract:
  We propose a route for the evaluation of risk based on a transformation of
the covariance matrix. The approach uses a `potential' or `objective' function.
This allows us to rescale data from different assets (or sources) such that
each data set then has similar statistical properties in terms of their
probability distributions. The method is tested using historical data from both
the New York and Warsaw Stock Exchanges.


title:
Switching Dynamics in Reaction Networks Induced by Molecular
  Discreteness

abstract:
  To study the fluctuations and dynamics in chemical reaction processes,
stochastic differential equations based on the rate equation involving chemical
concentrations are often adopted. When the number of molecules is very small,
however, the discreteness in the number of molecules cannot be neglected since
the number of molecules must be an integer. This discreteness can be important
in biochemical reactions, where the total number of molecules is not
significantly larger than the number of chemical species. To elucidate the
effects of such discreteness, we study autocatalytic reaction systems
comprising several chemical species through stochastic particle simulations.
The generation of novel states is observed; it is caused by the extinction of
some molecular species due to the discreteness in their number. We demonstrate
that the reaction dynamics are switched by a single molecule, which leads to
the reconstruction of the acting network structure. We also show the strong
dependence of the chemical concentrations on the system size, which is caused
by transitions to discreteness-induced novel states.


title:
Tracing ultrafast interatomic electronic decay processes in real time
  and space

abstract:
  Tremendous advances in laser pump-probe techniques open the door for the
observation in real time of ultrafast \textit{electronic} processes.
Particularly attractive is the visualization of interatomic processes where one
can follow the process of energy transfer from one atom to another. The
interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) provides such a process which is abundant in
nature. A multielectron wavepacket propagation method enables now to trace
fully ab initio the electron dynamics of the process in real time and in space
taking into account all electrons of the system and their correlations. The
evolution of the electronic cloud throughout the ICD process in the rare gas
cluster NeAr following Ne2s ionization is computed and analyzed. The process
takes place on a femtosecond timescale, and a surprisingly strong response is
found at a much shorter attosecond timescale.


title: Dynamics of spin 1/2 quantum plasmas

abstract:
  The fully nonlinear governing equations for spin 1/2 quantum plasmas are
presented. Starting from the Pauli equation, the relevant plasma equations are
derived, and it is shown that nontrivial quantum spin couplings arise, enabling
studies of the combined collective and spin dynamics. The linear response of
the quantum plasma in an electron--ion system is obtained and analyzed.
Applications of the theory to solid state and astrophysical systems as well as
dusty plasmas are pointed out.


title:
Ultrashort filaments of light in weakly-ionized, optically-transparent
  media

abstract:
  Modern laser sources nowadays deliver ultrashort light pulses reaching few
cycles in duration, high energies beyond the Joule level and peak powers
exceeding several terawatt (TW). When such pulses propagate through
optically-transparent media, they first self-focus in space and grow in
intensity, until they generate a tenuous plasma by photo-ionization. For free
electron densities and beam intensities below their breakdown limits, these
pulses evolve as self-guided objects, resulting from successive equilibria
between the Kerr focusing process, the chromatic dispersion of the medium, and
the defocusing action of the electron plasma. Discovered one decade ago, this
self-channeling mechanism reveals a new physics, widely extending the frontiers
of nonlinear optics. Implications include long-distance propagation of TW beams
in the atmosphere, supercontinuum emission, pulse shortening as well as
high-order harmonic generation. This review presents the landmarks of the
10-odd-year progress in this field. Particular emphasis is laid to the
theoretical modeling of the propagation equations, whose physical ingredients
are discussed from numerical simulations. Differences between femtosecond
pulses propagating in gaseous or condensed materials are underlined. Attention
is also paid to the multifilamentation instability of broad, powerful beams,
breaking up the energy distribution into small-scale cells along the optical
path. The robustness of the resulting filaments in adverse weathers, their
large conical emission exploited for multipollutant remote sensing, nonlinear
spectroscopy, and the possibility to guide electric discharges in air are
finally addressed on the basis of experimental results.


title:
On some peculiarities of electric field pulse propagation in electron
  Maxwellian plasma and its back response

abstract:
  In the spirit of continued study of general plasma wave properties we
investigated the boundary problem with the simplest form of electric field
pulse at the edge x=0 of half-infinite uniform plasma slab with Maxwellian
electron distribution function. In the case of longitudinal electric field
pulse its traveling velocity is essentially other than in the case of harmonic
waves; there is also no back response. In the case of transverse field pulse
there takes place the bimodal propagation rate of the non-damping fast pulse
signal and non-damping weak slow sign reversed pulse signals; some very weak
response (echo) arises with a time delay in the near coordinate zone of
formation of the asymptotical regime.


title:
Improvement of the robustness on geographical networks by adding
  shortcuts

abstract:
  In a topological structure affected by geographical constraints on liking,
the connectivity is weakened by constructing local stubs with small cycles, a
something of randomness to bridge them is crucial for the robust network
design. In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of adding
shortcuts on the robustness in geographical scale-free network models under a
similar degree distribution to the original one. We show that a small fraction
of shortcuts is highly contribute to improve the tolerance of connectivity
especially for the intentional attacks on hubs. The improvement is equivalent
to the effect by fully rewirings without geographical constraints on linking.
Even in the realistic Internet topologies, these effects are virtually
examined.


title: Cosmology in Portugal: The First 20 Years

abstract:
  We reminisce on the first steps of the cosmology community in Portugal, which
can be traced back to about 20 years ago, and discuss its achievements and
current specificities. We also reflect on the aspirations, hopes and challenges
for the future.


title:
Demonstration of Circadian Rhythm in Heart Rate Turbulence using Novel
  Application of Correlator Functions

abstract:
  Background: It has been difficult to demonstrate circadian rhythm in the two
parameters of heart rate turbulence, turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope
(TS).
  Objective: To devise a new method for detecting circadian rhythm in noisy
data, and apply it to selected Holter recordings from two post-myocardial
infarction databases, Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST, n=684) and
Innovative Stratification of Arrhythmic Risk (ISAR, n=327).
  Methods: For each patient, TS and TO were calculated for each hour with >4
VPCs. An autocorrelation function Corr(Delta t) = <TS(t) TS(t+Delta t)> was
then calculated, and averaged over all patients. Positive Corr(Delta t)
indicates that TS at a given hour and Delta t hours later are similar. TO was
treated likewise. Simulations and mathematical analysis showed that circadian
rhythm required Corr(Delta t) to have a U-shape consisting of positive values
near Delta t=0 and 23, and negative values for intermediate Delta t.
Significant deviation of Corr(Delta t) from the correlator function of pure
noise was evaluated as a chi-squared value.
  Results: Circadian patterns were not apparent in hourly averages of TS and TO
plotted against clock time, which had large error bars. Their correlator
functions, however, produced chi-squared values of ~10 in CAST (both p<0.0001)
and ~3 in ISAR (both p<0.0001), indicating presence of circadian rhythmicity.
  Conclusion: Correlator functions may be a powerful tool for detecting
presence of circadian rhythms in noisy data, even with recordings limited to 24
hours.


title:
Topological Properties of the Minimal Spanning Tree in Korean and
  American Stock Markets

abstract:
  We investigate a factor that can affect the number of links of a specific
stock in a network between stocks created by the minimal spanning tree (MST)
method, by using individual stock data listed on the S&P500 and KOSPI. Among
the common factors mentioned in the arbitrage pricing model (APM), widely
acknowledged in the financial field, a representative market index is
established as a possible factor. We found that the correlation distribution,
$\rho_{ij}$, of 400 stocks taken from the S&P500 index shows a very similar
with that of the Korean stock market and those deviate from the correlation
distribution of time series removed a nonlinearity by the surrogate method. We
also shows that the degree distribution of the MSTs for both stock markets
follows a power-law distribution with the exponent $\zeta \sim$ 2.1, while the
degree distribution of the time series eliminated a nonlinearity follows an
exponential distribution with the exponent, $\delta \sim 0.77$. Furthermore the
correlation, $\rho_{iM}$, between the degree k of individual stock, $i$, and
the market index, $M$, follows a power-law distribution, $<\rho_{iM}(k) > \sim
k^{\gamma}$, with the exponent $\gamma_{\textrm{S&P500}} \approx 0.16$ and
$\gamma_{\textrm{KOSPI}} \approx 0.14$, respectively. Thus, regardless of the
markets, the indivisual stocks closely related to the common factor in the
market, the market index, are likely to be located around the center of the
network between stocks, while those weakly related to the market index are
likely to be placed in the outside.


title: Modelling temporal and spatial features of collaboration network

abstract:
  The collaboration network is an example of a social network which has both
non-trivial temporal and spatial dependence. Based on the observations of
collaborations in Physical Review Letters, a model of collaboration network is
proposed which correctly reproduces the time evolution of the link length
distributions, clustering coefficients, degree distributions and assortative
property of real data to a large extent.


title:
A spatial refractive index sensor using whispering gallery modes in an
  optically trapped microsphere

abstract:
  We propose the use of an optically trapped, dye doped polystyrene microsphere
for spatial probing of the refractive index at any position in a fluid. We
demonstrate the use of the dye embedded in the microsphere as an internal
broadband excitation source, thus eliminating the need for a tunable excitation
source. We measured the full width at half maximum of the TE and TM resonances,
and their frequency spacing as a function of the refractive index of the
immersion fluid. From these relations we obtained an absolute sensitivity of
5e-4 in local refractive index, even when the exact size of the microsphere was
not a priori known.


title:
Coherent Control of Ultracold Collisions with Chirped Light: Direction
  Matters

abstract:
  We demonstrate the ability to coherently control ultracold atomic Rb
collisions using frequency-chirped light on the nanosecond time scale. For
certain center frequencies of the chirp, the rate of inelastic trap-loss
collisions induced by negatively chirped light is dramatically suppressed
compared to the case of a positive chirp. We attribute this to a fundamental
asymmetry in the system: an excited wavepacket always moves inward on the
attractive molecular potential. For a positive chirp, the resonance condition
moves outward in time, while for a negative chirp, it moves inward, in the same
direction as the excited wavepacket; this allows multiple interactions between
the wavepacket and the light, enabling the wavepacket to be returned coherently
to the ground state. Classical and quantum calculations support this
interpretation.


title:
An exact pressure evolution equation for the incompressible
  Navier-Stokes equations

abstract:
  In this paper the issue of the determination of the fluid pressure in
incompressible fluids is addressed, with particular reference to the search of
algorithms which permit to advance in time the fluid pressure without actually
solving numerically the Poisson equation. Based on an inverse kinetic approach
recently proposed for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations we intend to
prove that an exact evolution equation can be obtained which advances in time
self-consistently the fluid pressure. The new equation is susceptible of
numerical implementation in Lagrangian CFD simulation codes.


title:
A non-iterative algorithm to estimate the modes of univariate mixtures
  with well separated components

abstract:
  This paper deals with the estimation of the modes of an univariate mixture
when the number of components is known and when the component density are well
separated. We propose an algorithm based on the minimization of the "kp"
criterion we introduced in a previous work. In this paper we show that the
global minimum of this criterion can be reached with a linear least square
minimization followed by a roots finding algorithm. This is a major advantage
compared to classical iterative algorithms such as K-means or EM which suffer
from the potential convergence to some local extrema of the cost function they
use. Our algorithm performances are finally illustrated through simulations of
a five components mixture.


title: Eight Minutes and a Half

abstract:
  In this paper we describe a simple conceptual problem, regarding the actual
position of the Sun at sunset or sunrise. Although this problem can be easily
explained in terms of rotating frames of references and standard Coriolis
Effect, it is sometimes misunderstood by students and even by some physics
textbooks. We also present a simple experimental activity which can be used as
a demonstration of this peculiar kinematical effect in general physics courses,
or become part of laboratory activities.


title: Coherent instabilities in a semiconductor laser with fast gain recovery

abstract:
  We report the observation of a coherent multimode instability in quantum
cascade lasers (QCLs), which is driven by the same fundamental mechanism of
Rabi oscillations as the elusive Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH)
instability predicted 40 years ago for ring lasers. The threshold of the
observed instability is significantly lower than in the original RNGH
instability, which we attribute to saturable-absorption nonlinearity in the
laser. Coherent effects, which cannot be reproduced by standard laser rate
equations, can play therefore a key role in the multimode dynamics of QCLs, and
in lasers with fast gain recovery in general.


title:
Electromagnetic shape resonances of a dielectric sphere and radiation of
  portable telephones

abstract:
  The frequency band used by cellular telephones includes the eigenfrequencies
of a dielectric sphere with physical characteristics close to those of a human
head. Proceeding from the spatial features of the natural modes of such a
sphere we propose an independent and clear evident accuracy test for the
complicated numerical calculations which are conducted when estimating the
potential hazard due to the use of cellular telephones, in particular, for the
check of a proper handling of the electromagnetic shape resonances of a human
head.


title:
Longitudinal Wake Field for an Electron Beam Accelerated through a
  Ultra-High Field Gradient

abstract:
  Electron accelerators with higher and higher longitudinal field gradients are
desirable, as they allow for the production of high energy beams by means of
compact and cheap setups. The new laser-plasma acceleration technique appears
to constitute the more promising breakthrough in this direction, delivering
unprecedent field gradients up to TV/m. In this article we give a quantitative
description of the impact of longitudinal wake fields on the electron beam. Our
paper is based on the solution of Maxwell's equations for the longitudinal
field. Our conclusions are valid when the acceleration distance is much smaller
than the the overtaking length, that is the length that electrons travel as a
light signal from the tail of the bunch overtakes the head of the bunch. This
condition is well verified for laser-plasma devices. We calculate a closed
expression for the impedance and the wake function that may be evaluated
numerically. It is shown that the rate of energy loss in the bunch due to
radiative interaction is equal to the energy emitted through coherent radiation
in the far-zone. Furthermore, an expression is found for the asymptotic limit
of a large distance of the electron beam from the accelerator compared with the
overtaking length. Such expression allows us to calculate analytical solutions
for a Gaussian transverse and longitudinal bunch shape. Finally, we study the
feasibility of Table-Top Free-Electron Lasers in the Vacuum Ultra-Violet
(TT-VUV FEL) and X-ray range (TT-XFEL), respectively based on 100 MeV and 1 GeV
laser-plasma accelerator drivers. Numerical estimations presented in this paper
indicate that the effects of the time-dependent energy change induced by the
longitudinal wake pose a serious threat to the operation of these devices.


title: Noise minimization in optical detection of small particle

abstract:
  The ultimate sensitivity of optical detection is limited by the
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The first part of the paper shows that coherence
plays an important role in the noise analysis. Although interference between an
auxiliary wave and a signal wave makes the photo detector response to the
signal stronger, the coherent noise also enhances. This makes insignificant the
gain in the SNR. Pulsed-excitation gated-detection (PEGD) is described and
analyzed in the second part to show that 1) a high brightness of detected
particles is not a prerequisite for a high SNR, 2) optimized parameters of the
PEGD protocol demonstrate interesting bifurcation making a sudden jump from an
effectively continuous regime to PEGD, and 3) photo-physical properties of NV
centers in nano crystals of diamond approach those ideal for PEGD.


title:
Neutron and Muon Flux Measurements at BEO Moussala towards to Space
  Weather Research

abstract:
  The existing and in development devices at Basic Environmental Observatory
(BEO) Moussala are presented, precisely the experiments connected with space
weather and astroparticle studies. The recent results of the secondary cosmic
ray measurements using atmospheric Cherenkov light telescope are presented
precisely the possibility to study the atmospheric transparency. The final
design of neutron flux meter based on SNM-15 detectors is described as well
several preliminary experimental and Monte Carlo results. The developed muon
telescope based on water Cherenkov detectors is also presented. The scientific
potential is discussed, precisely the connection between cosmic ray
measurements and the environmental parameters, precisely atmospheric
parameters. The project for muon hodoscope and multidirectional Nor Amberd
neutron monitor with the preliminary studies is shown, precisely several
estimations and the possible design


title: Identifying Nanotechnology in Society

abstract:
  Manufacturing materials and systems with components thousands of times
smaller than the width of a human hair promises vast and sometimes unimaginable
advances in technology. Yet the term nanotechnology has formed as much from
people's expectations as from scientific reality. Understanding the creation
and context of this social construction can help us appreciate and guide what
may be a burgeoning revolution. This chapter considers what different groups
are referring to when they say nanotechnology, how this relates to the science
involved, and how the various definitions of this broad field of endeavor might
be improved. The ramifications and implications of these seemingly innocuous
naming choices are also discussed. Although in many respects nanotechnology
serves as cover justification for increased spending in the physical sciences,
at present it is the most hopeful route to solving some of the planet's
greatest problems.


title: Comment on "Universal Distribution of Interearthquake Times"

abstract:
  We note the striking similarity between earthquake and CRESST microfracture
data for waiting times.


title:
Vlasov simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection without
  background density

abstract:
  A standard starting point for the simulation of collisionless reconnection is
the Harris equilibrium which is made up of a current sheet that separates two
regions of opposing magnetic field. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of
collisionless reconnection usually include a homogeneous background density for
reasons of numerical stability. While, in some cases, this is a realistic
assumption, the background density may introduce new effects both due to the
more involved structure of the distribution function or due to the fact that
the Alfv\`en speed remains finite far away from the current sheet. We present a
fully kinetic Vlasov simulation of the perturbed Harris equilibrium using a
Vlasov code. Parameters are chosen to match the Geospace Environment Modeling
(GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge but excluding the background density.
This allows to compare with earlier simulations [Schmitz, Grauer, Phys. Plasmas
13 (2006) 092309] which include the background density. It is found that the
absence of a background density causes the reconnection rate to be higher. On
the other hand, the time until the onset of reconnection is hardly affected.
Again the off diagonal elements of the pressure tensor are found to be
important on the X--line but with modified importance for the individual terms.


title:
RPC with low-resistive phosphate glass electrodes as a candidate for the
  CBM TOF

abstract:
  Usage of electrodes made of glass with low bulk resistivity seems to be a
promising way to adapt the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) to the high-rate
environment of the upcoming CBM experiment. A pilot four-gap RPC sample with
electrodes made of phosphate glass, which has bulk resistivity in the order of
10^10 Ohm cm, has been studied with MIP beam for TOF applications. The tests
have yielded satisfactory results: the efficiency remains above 95% and the
time resolution stays within 120 ps up to the particle rate of 18 kHz/cm2. The
increase in rate from 2.25 to 18 kHz/cm2 leads to an increase of estimated
"tails" fraction in the time spectrum from 1.5% to 4%.


title: Volatility: a hidden Markov process in financial time series

abstract:
  The volatility characterizes the amplitude of price return fluctuations. It
is a central magnitude in finance closely related to the risk of holding a
certain asset. Despite its popularity on trading floors, the volatility is
unobservable and only the price is known. Diffusion theory has many common
points with the research on volatility, the key of the analogy being that
volatility is the time-dependent diffusion coefficient of the random walk for
the price return. We present a formal procedure to extract volatility from
price data, by assuming that it is described by a hidden Markov process which
together with the price form a two-dimensional diffusion process. We derive a
maximum likelihood estimate valid for a wide class of two-dimensional diffusion
processes. The choice of the exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (expOU) stochastic
volatility model performs remarkably well in inferring the hidden state of
volatility. The formalism is applied to the Dow Jones index. The main results
are: (i) the distribution of estimated volatility is lognormal, which is
consistent with the expOU model; (ii) the estimated volatility is related to
trading volume by a power law of the form $\sigma \propto V^{0.55}$; and (iii)
future returns are proportional to the current volatility which suggests some
degree of predictability for the size of future returns.


title: Limits on Relief through Constrained Exchange on Random Graphs

abstract:
  Agents are represented by nodes on a random graph (e.g., small world or
truncated power law). Each agent is endowed with a zero-mean random value that
may be either positive or negative. All agents attempt to find relief, i.e., to
reduce the magnitude of that initial value, to zero if possible, through
exchanges. The exchange occurs only between agents that are linked, a
constraint that turns out to dominate the results. The exchange process
continues until a Pareto equilibrium is achieved. Only 40%-90% of the agents
achieved relief on small world graphs with mean degree between 2 and 40. Even
fewer agents achieved relief on scale-free like graphs with a truncated power
law degree distribution. The rate at which relief grew with increasing degree
was slow, only at most logarithmic for all of the graphs considered; viewed in
reverse, relief is resilient to the removal of links.


title:
The Accuracy of Galileo's Observations and the Early Search for Stellar
  Parallax

abstract:
  The question of annual stellar parallax is usually viewed as having been a
"win-win situation" for seventeenth-century astronomers who subscribed to the
Copernican view of universe in which the Earth orbits the Sun and the Sun is
one of many suns (the fixed stars) scattered throughout space. Detecting
parallax would be solid evidence for the Earth's motion, but failure to detect
parallax could be explained by the stars lying at great distances. Recent work
pertaining to Galileo's observations of double stars illustrates Galileo's
skill as an observer. It also indicates that, given the knowledge of optics of
the time, Galileo could expect his measurements to be accurate enough that they
would have revealed stellar parallax had it existed. Thus parallax was not a
"win-win situation" after all. It could be solid evidence against the Earth's
motion, evidence which fortunately did not dissuade Galileo from the Copernican
view.


title: A Proposed Exact Integer Value for Avogadro's Number

abstract:
  An exact value for Avodagro's number, namely NA* = (84446888)^3, is proposed.
The number 84446888 represents the side length of a cube of atoms whose volume
is closest, among all integral side lengths, to the current official NIST value
of Avogadro's number. This value NA* is nearly dead center of the estimated
range for the value of Avogadro's number, and is within the official standard
level of uncertainty. Adoption of this value as the fixed value for NA would
eliminate the current time-dependent definition of Avogadro's number, which
depends on the definition of kilogram via an unstable physical artifact. It
would also eliminate the need for the kilogram artifact altogether, since then,
by definition, a kilogram would be exactly 1000/12 the mass of NA* atoms of
carbon-12.


title:
Effect of meditation on scaling behavior and complexity of human heart
  rate variability

abstract:
  The heart beat data recorded from samples before and during meditation are
analyzed using two different scaling analysis methods. These analyses revealed
that mediation severely affects the long range correlation of heart beat of a
normal heart. Moreover, it is found that meditation induces periodic behavior
in the heart beat. The complexity of the heart rate variability is quantified
using multiscale entropy analysis and recurrence analysis. The complexity of
the heart beat during mediation is found to be more.


title:
Comment on "Beam-splitters don't have memory: a comment on "Event-based
  corpuscular model for quantum optics experiments" by K.Michielsen et al."

abstract:
  R. Ionicioiu in arXiv:1012.0647 claims that beam-splitters do not have
memory. This is the unproved statement. From other side, such small quantum
objects as molecules, atoms and even photons have memory, which is connected
with the inequality of forward and reversed processes in quantum physics.


title: The locally-conserved current density of the Lienard-Wiechert field

abstract:
  The complete charge-current density and field strength of an arbitrarily
accelerated relativistic point-charge are explicitly calculated. That current
includes, apart from the well-established delta-function term which is
sufficient for its global conservation, additional contributions depending on
the second and third proper-time derivatives of the position. These extra
contributions are necessary for the local conservation of that current, whose
divergence must vanish {identically} even if it is a distribution, as is the
case here. Similarly, the field strength includes an additional delta-like
contribution which is necessary for obtaining this result. Altogether, the
Lienard-Wiechert field and charge-current density must therefore be interpreted
as nonlinear generalized functions, i.e., not just as distributions, even
though only linear operations are needed to verify local charge-current
conservation.


title: A Probability Density Function for Google's stocks

abstract:
  It is an approach to introduce the forward Kolmogorov equation as an
interesting natural ingredient in studying the evolution of the market stock
prices.


title:
A Model for Predicting Magnetic Particle Capture in a Microfluidic
  Bioseparator

abstract:
  A model is presented for predicting the capture of magnetic
micro/nano-particles in a bioseparation microsystem. This bioseparator consists
of an array of conductive elements embedded beneath a rectangular microfluidic
channel. The magnetic particles are introduced into the microchannel in
solution, and are attracted and held by the magnetic force produced by the
energized elements. Analytical expressions are obtained for the dominant
magnetic and fluidic forces on the particles as they move through the
microchannel. These expressions are included in the equations of motion, which
are solved numerically to predict particle trajectories and capture time. This
model is well-suited for parametric analysis of particle capture taking into
account variations in particle size, material properties, applied current,
microchannel dimensions, fluid properties, and flow velocity.


title:
Two-photon double ionization of helium in the region of photon energies
  42-50 eV

abstract:
  We report the total integrated cross-section (TICS) of two-photon double
ionization of helium in the photon energy range from 42 to 50 eV. Our
computational procedure relies on a numerical solution of the time-dependent
Schr\"odinger equation on a square-integrable basis and subsequent projection
of this solution on a set of final states describing two electrons in
continuum. Close to the threshold, we reproduce results previously known from
the literature. The region 47-50 eV seems to have been previously unexplored.
Our results suggest that TICS, as a function of the photon energy, grows
monotonously in the region 42-50 eV. We also present fully resolved triple
differential cross sections for selected photon energies.


title: Can we believe in high climate sensitivity?

abstract:
  The climate response to anthropogenic forcing has long been one of the
dominant uncertainties in predicting future climate change (Houghton et al,
2001). Many observationally-based estimates of climate sensitivity (S) have
been presented in recent years, with most of them assigning significant
probability to extremely high sensitivity, such as P(S>6C)>5%.
  However, closer examination reveals that these estimates are based on a
number of implausible implicit assumptions. We explain why these estimates
cannot be considered credible and therefore have no place in the
decision-making process. In fact, when basic probability theory is applied and
reasonable assumptions are made, much greater confidence in a moderate value
for S (~2.5C) is easily justified, with S very unlikely to be as high as 4.5C.


title: The effect of bandwidth in scale-free network traffic

abstract:
  We model information traffic on scale-free networks by introducing the
bandwidth as the delivering ability of links. We focus on the effects of
bandwidth on the packet delivering ability of the traffic system to better
understand traffic dynamic in real network systems. Such ability can be
measured by a phase transition from free flow to congestion. Two cases of node
capacity C are considered, i.e., C=constant and C is proportional to the node's
degree. We figured out the decrease of the handling ability of the system
together with the movement of the optimal local routing coefficient $\alpha_c$,
induced by the restriction of bandwidth. Interestingly, for low bandwidth, the
same optimal value of $\alpha_c$ emerges for both cases of node capacity. We
investigate the number of packets of each node in the free flow state and
provide analytical explanations for the optimal value of $\alpha_c$. Average
packets traveling time is also studied. Our study may be useful for evaluating
the overall efficiency of networked traffic systems, and for allevating traffic
jam in such systems.


title:
A Theory of Gravity and General Relativity based on Quantum
  Electromagnetism

abstract:
  Based on first principles solutions in a unified framework of quantum
mechanics and electromagnetism we predict the presence of a universal
attractive depolarisation radiation (DR) Lorentz force ($F$) between quantum
entities, each being either an IED matter particle or light quantum, in a
vacuuonic dielectric vacuum. Given two quantum entities $i=1,2$ of either kind,
of characteristic frequencies $\nu_i^0$, masses $m_i^0=h\nu_i^0 / c^2$ and
separated at a distance r^0, the solution is $F=- G m_1^0 m_2^0/ (r^0)^2$,
where $G= \chi_0^2 e^4/12 \pi^2 \epsilon_0^2 \rho_\lambda$, $\chi_0$ is the
susceptibility and $\rho_\lambda$ is the reduced linear mass density of the
dielectric vacuum. This force $F$ is accurate at the weak $F$ limit and
resembles in all respects Newton's gravity; hence $G$ is the gravitational
constant. The DR wave fields and hence the gravity is propagated in the
dielectric vacuum at the speed of light $c$; these can not be shielded by
matter. A test particle $\mu$ of mass $m^0$ at $r^0$ apart from a large mass
$M$ is therefore gravitated by all of the building particles of M directly, by
a total gravitational potential $V = -G M m^0/ r^0$. For a finite $V$ and hence
a total Hamiltonian $H= m^0 c^2 +V$, solution for the eigenvalue equation of
$\mu$ presents a red-shift in the eigen frequency $\nu= \nu^0 (1- GM/r^0 c^2)$
and accordingly other wave variables. The quantum solutions combined with the
wave nature of the gravity further lead to dilated gravito optical distance
$r=r^0/(1- GM/r^0 c^2) $ and time $t=t^0/(1- GM/r^0 c^2) $, and modified
Newton's gravity and Einstein's mass energy relation. Applications of these
give predictions of the general relativistic effects manifested in the four
classical test experiments of Einstein's general relativity (GR), in direct
agreement with the experiments and the predictions given based on GR.


title: Ultracold Neutral Plasmas

abstract:
  Ultracold neutral plasmas, formed by photoionizing laser-cooled atoms near
the ionization threshold, have electron temperatures in the 1-1000 kelvin range
and ion temperatures from tens of millikelvin to a few kelvin. They represent a
new frontier in the study of neutral plasmas, which traditionally deals with
much hotter systems, but they also blur the boundaries of plasma, atomic,
condensed matter, and low temperature physics. Modelling these plasmas
challenges computational techniques and theories of non-equilibrium systems, so
the field has attracted great interest from the theoretical and computational
physics communities. By varying laser intensities and wavelengths it is
possible to accurately set the initial plasma density and energy, and
charged-particle-detection and optical diagnostics allow precise measurements
for comparison with theoretical predictions. Recent experiments using optical
probes demonstrated that ions in the plasma equilibrate in a strongly coupled
fluid phase. Strongly coupled plasmas, in which the electrical interaction
energy between charged particles exceeds the average kinetic energy, reverse
the traditional energy hierarchy underlying basic plasma concepts such as Debye
screening and hydrodynamics. Equilibration in this regime is of particular
interest because it involves the establishment of spatial correlations between
particles, and it connects to the physics of the interiors of gas-giant planets
and inertial confinement fusion devices.


title: Surface lattice kink solitons

abstract:
  We predict theoretically that surface of an optical lattice imprinted in
defocusing nonlinear media can support shock, or kink waves. Such new surface
waves contain a modulationally stable pedestal and are strongly localized at
the edge of the optical lattice due to Bragg-type reflection. The kink
steepness and localization degree can be controlled by the lattice depth. We
found two types of kinks, which exhibit distinct stability properties for each
finite gap in the lattice spectrum. Our findings open the way to experimental
observation of optical surface kink waves.