title: Relativistic ionization-rescattering with tailored laser pulses

abstract:
  The interaction of relativistically strong tailored laser pulses with an
atomic system is considered. Due to a special tailoring of the laser pulse, the
suppression of the relativistic drift of the ionized electron and a dramatic
enhancement of the rescattering probability is shown to be achievable. The high
harmonic generation rate in the relativistic regime is calculated and shown to
be increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the case of
conventional laser pulses. The energies of the revisiting electron at the
atomic core can approach the MeV domain, thus rendering hard x-ray harmonics
and nuclear reactions with single atoms feasible.


title: Market Efficiency in Foreign Exchange Markets

abstract:
  We investigate the relative market efficiency in financial market data, using
the approximate entropy(ApEn) method for a quantification of randomness in time
series. We used the global foreign exchange market indices for 17 countries
during two periods from 1984 to 1998 and from 1999 to 2004 in order to study
the efficiency of various foreign exchange markets around the market crisis. We
found that on average, the ApEn values for European and North American foreign
exchange markets are larger than those for African and Asian ones except Japan.
We also found that the ApEn for Asian markets increase significantly after the
Asian currency crisis. Our results suggest that the markets with a larger
liquidity such as European and North American foreign exchange markets have a
higher market efficiency than those with a smaller liquidity such as the
African and Asian ones except Japan.


title:
Distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in proton and carbon-ion
  therapy studied with GEANT4

abstract:
  Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are
calculated within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on
the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.0). The calculated total production rates of
$^{11}$C, $^{10}$C and $^{15}$O nuclei are compared with experimental data and
with corresponding results of the FLUKA and POSGEN codes. The distributions of
e$^+$ annihilation points are obtained by simulating radioactive decay of
unstable nuclei and transporting positrons in surrounding medium. A finite
spatial resolution of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is taken into
account in a simplified way. Depth distributions of $\beta^+$-activity as seen
by a PET scanner are calculated and compared to available data for PMMA
phantoms. The calculated $\beta^+$-activity profiles are in good agreement with
PET data for proton and $^{12}$C beams at energies suitable for particle
therapy. The MCHIT capability to predict the $\beta^+$-activity and dose
distributions in tissue-like materials of different chemical composition is
demonstrated.


title: The dynamics of traded value revisited

abstract:
  We conclude from an analysis of high resolution NYSE data that the
distribution of the traded value $f_i$ (or volume) has a finite variance
$\sigma_i$ for the very large majority of stocks $i$, and the distribution
itself is non-universal across stocks. The Hurst exponent of the same time
series displays a crossover from weakly to strongly correlated behavior around
the time scale of 1 day. The persistence in the strongly correlated regime
increases with the average trading activity $\ev{f_i}$ as
$H_i=H_0+\gamma\log\ev{f_i}$, which is another sign of non-universal behavior.
The existence of such liquidity dependent correlations is consistent with the
empirical observation that $\sigma_i\propto\ev{f_i}^\alpha$, where $\alpha$ is
a non-trivial, time scale dependent exponent.


title: Stochastic model for market stocks with strong resistance

abstract:
  We present several models to describe the stochastic evolution of stocks that
show some strong resistance at some level and generalize to this situation the
evolution based upon geometric Brownian motion. If volatility and drift are
related in a certain way we show that our model can be integrated in an exact
way. The related problem of how to prize general securities that pay dividends
at a continuous rate and earn a terminal payoff at maturity is solved via the
martingale probability approach.


title: Scaling behavior of optimally structured catalytic microfluidic reactors

abstract:
  In this study of catalytic microfluidic reactors we show that, when optimally
structured, these reactors share underlying scaling properties. The scaling is
predicted theoretically and verified numerically. Furthermore, we show how to
increase the reaction rate significantly by distributing the active porous
material within the reactor using a high-level implementation of topology
optimization.


title:
From Optical Lattice Clocks to the Measurement of Forces in the Casimir
  Regime

abstract:
  We describe a novel experiment based on atoms trapped close to a macroscopic
surface, to study the interactions between the atoms and the surface at very
small separations (0.6 to 10 $\mu$m). In this range the dominant potential is
the QED interaction (Casimir-Polder and Van der Waals) between the surface and
the atom. Additionally, several theoretical models suggest the possibility of
Yukawa type potentials with sub-mm range, arising from new physics related to
gravity. The proposes set-up is very similar to neutral atom optical lattice
clocks, but with the atoms trapped in lattice sites close to the reflecting
mirror. A sequence of pulses of the probe laser at different frequencies is
then used to create an interferometer with a coherent superposition between
atomic states at different distances from the mirror (in different lattice
sites). Assuming atom interferometry state of the art measurement of the phase
difference and a duration of the superposition of about 0.1 s we expect to be
able to measure the potential difference between separated states with an
uncertainty of $\approx 10^{-4}$ Hz. An analysis of systematic effects for
different atoms and surfaces indicates no fundamentally limiting effect at the
same level of uncertainty, but does influence the choice of atom and surface
material. Based on those estimates, we expect that such an experiment would
improve the best existing measurements of the atom-wall QED interaction by
$\geq$ 2 orders of magnitude, whilst gaining up to 4 orders of magnitude on the
best present limits on new interactions in the range between 100 nm and 100
$\mu$m.


title: Violation of market efficiency in transition economies

abstract:
  We analyze the European transition economies and show that time series for
most of major indices exhibit (i) power-law correlations in their values,
power-law correlations in their magnitudes, and (iii) asymmetric probability
distribution. We propose a stochastic model that can generate time series with
all the previous features found in the empirical data.


title: Capacity formulas in MWPC: some critical reflexions

abstract:
  An approximate analytical expression for "capacitance" of MWPC configurations
circulates in the literature since decades and is copied over and over again.
In this paper we will try to show that this formula corresponds to a physical
quantity that is different from what it is usually thought to stand for.


title: Analysis of a Magnetically Trapped Atom Clock

abstract:
  We consider optimization of a rubidium atom clock that uses magnetically
trapped Bose condensed atoms in a highly elongated trap, and determine the
optimal conditions for minimum Allan variance of the clock using microwave
Ramsey fringe spectroscopy. Elimination of magnetic field shifts and
collisional shifts are considered. The effects of spin-dipolar relaxation are
addressed in the optimization of the clock. We find that for the interstate
interaction strength equal to or larger than the intrastate interaction
strengths, a modulational instability results in phase separation and symmetry
breaking of the two-component condensate composed of the ground and excited
hyperfine clock levels, and this mechanism limits the clock accuracy.


title: Geo-neutrinos: A systematic approach to uncertainties and correlations

abstract:
  Geo-neutrinos emitted by heat-producing elements (U, Th and K) represent a
unique probe of the Earth interior. The characterization of their fluxes is
subject, however, to rather large and highly correlated uncertainties. The
geochemical covariance of the U, Th and K abundances in various Earth
reservoirs induces positive correlations among the associated geo-neutrino
fluxes, and between these and the radiogenic heat. Mass-balance constraints in
the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) tend instead to anti-correlate the radiogenic
element abundances in complementary reservoirs. Experimental geo-neutrino
observables may be further (anti)correlated by instrumental effects. In this
context, we propose a systematic approach to covariance matrices, based on the
fact that all the relevant geo-neutrino observables and constraints can be
expressed as linear functions of the U, Th and K abundances in the Earth's
reservoirs (with relatively well-known coefficients). We briefly discuss here
the construction of a tentative "geo-neutrino source model" (GNSM) for the U,
Th, and K abundances in the main Earth reservoirs, based on selected
geophysical and geochemical data and models (when available), on plausible
hypotheses (when possible), and admittedly on arbitrary assumptions (when
unavoidable). We use then the GNSM to make predictions about several
experiments ("forward approach"), and to show how future data can constrain - a
posteriori - the error matrix of the model itself ("backward approach"). The
method may provide a useful statistical framework for evaluating the impact and
the global consistency of prospective geo-neutrino measurements and Earth
models.


title:
Springtide-induced magnification of Earth mantle resonance causes
  tectonics and conceals universality of physics at all scales

abstract:
  I demonstrate two fundamental contributions. First, the Earth tectonics is
generally a consequence of the springtide-induced magnification of mechanical
resonance in the Earth mantle. The same mechanism that causes bridges to
collapse under the soldiers step-marching makes also the Earth lithosphere fail
under the springtide-induced magnification of the mantle resonance resulting in
strong earthquakes. Secondly, by generalizing the above finding onto any body
anywhere in all the Universes and at all times, I find that there is no
distinction between physics at intergalactic, Newtonian, quantum, and smaller
scales. Thus, the so-called constant of proportionality of physics, G, is not a
constant but a parameter of a most general form: G = s e^2, nonlinearly varying
amongst different scales s. Any scale-related variations of physics,
erroneously recognized as such by Einstein and Planck, are only apparent and
arise as a consequence of the Earth mantle springtide-induced extreme
resonance, which is also critically impeding any terrestrial experiments aimed
at estimating the final proportionality G. Gravitation is explained if simply
regarded mechanical and repulsive.


title: The Gravity and The Quantum: A Bohr-inspired Synthesis

abstract:
  An effective angular momentum quantization condition of the form
$mvr=n\hbar(m/m_F)$ is used to obtain a Bohr-like model of Hydrogen-type atoms
and a modified Schr\"{o}dinger equation. Newton's constant, $G$, of Gravitation
gets explicitly involved through the fundamental mass $m_F$ as defined in the
sequel. This non-relativistic formalism may be looked upon as a ``testing
ground'' for the more general synthesis of the gravity and the quantum.


title: Different escape modes in two-photon double ionization of helium

abstract:
  The quadrupole channel of two-photon double ionization of He exhibits two
distinctly different modes of correlated motion of the photoelectron pair. The
mode associated with the center-of-mass motion favors a large total momentum
which is maximazed at a parallel emission. However, the mode associated with
the relative motion favors an antiparallel emission. This difference is
manifested in a profoundly different width of the angular correlation functions
corresponding to the center-of-mass and relative motion modes.


title:
Derivation of the paraxial form of the angular momentum of the
  electromagnetic field from the general form

abstract:
  It is shown how the standard forms for the spin and orbital components of the
angular momentum of a paraxial wave of electromagnetic radiation are obtained
from the general expressions for the angular momentum that have been derived
recently. This result will enable the general expressions for angular momentum
to be applied with confidence to the many configurations of electromagnetic
fields that are more complicated than plane or paraxial waves.


title: Manifestly Covariant Relativity

abstract:
  According to Einstein's principle of general covariance, all laws of nature
are to be expressed by manifestly covariant equations. In recent work, the
covariant law of energy-momentum conservation has been established. Here, we
show that this law gives rise to a fully covariant theory of gravitation and
that Einstein's field equations yield total energy-momentum conservation.


title:
Reducing Frustration in Spin Systems: Social Balance as an XOR-SAT
  problem

abstract:
  Reduction of frustration was the driving force in an approach to social
balance as it was recently considered by Antal \emph{et al.} [ T. Antal, P. L.
Krapivsky, and S. Redner, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 72}, 036121 (2005). ]. We
generalize their triad dynamics to $k$-cycle dynamics for arbitrary integer
$k$. We derive the phase structure, determine the stationary solutions and
calculate the time it takes to reach a frozen state. The main difference in the
phase structure as a function of $k$ is related to $k$ being even or odd. As a
second generalization we dilute the all-to-all coupling as considered by Antal
\emph{et al.} to a random network with connection probability $w<1$. ...


title:
Market reaction to temporary liquidity crises and the permanent market
  impact

abstract:
  We study the relaxation dynamics of the bid-ask spread and of the midprice
after a sudden, large variation of the spread, corresponding to a temporary
crisis of liquidity in a double auction financial market. We find that the
spread decays very slowly to its normal value as a consequence of the strategic
limit order placement of liquidity providers. We consider several quantities,
such as order placement rates and distribution, that affect the decay of the
spread. We measure the permanent impact both of a generic event altering the
spread and of a single transaction and we find an approximately linear relation
between immediate and permanent impact in both cases.


title: Magnetization of rotating ferrofluids: the effect of polydispersity

abstract:
  The influence of polydispersity on the magnetization is analyzed in a
nonequilibrium situation where a cylindrical ferrofluid column is enforced to
rotate with constant frequency like a rigid body in a homogeneous magnetic
field that is applied perpendicular to the cylinder axis. Then, the
magnetization and the internal magnetic field are not longer parallel to each
other and their directions differ from that of the applied magnetic field.
Experimental results on the transverse magnetization component perpendicular to
the applied field are compared and analyzed as functions of rotation frequency
and field strength with different polydisperse Debye models that take into
account the polydispersity in different ways and to a varying degree.


title: Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Scintillation Light in Liquid Xenon

abstract:
  Scintillation light from gamma ray irradiation in liquid xenon is detected by
two Hamamatsu R9288 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) immersed in the liquid. UV
light reflector material, PTFE, is used to optimize the light collection
efficiency. The detector gives a high light yield of 6 photoelectron per keV
(pe/keV), which allows efficient detection of the 122 keV gamma-ray line from
Co-57, with a measured energy resolution of (8.8+/-0.6)% (sigma). The best
achievable energy resolution, by removing the instrumental fluctuations, from
liquid xenon scintillation light is estimated to be around 6-8% (sigma) for
gamma-ray with energy between 662 keV and 122 keV.


title: Risk Minimization through Portfolio Replication

abstract:
  We use a replica approach to deal with portfolio optimization problems. A
given risk measure is minimized using empirical estimates of asset values
correlations. We study the phase transition which happens when the time series
is too short with respect to the size of the portfolio. We also study the noise
sensitivity of portfolio allocation when this transition is approached. We
consider explicitely the cases where the absolute deviation and the conditional
value-at-risk are chosen as a risk measure. We show how the replica method can
study a wide range of risk measures, and deal with various types of time series
correlations, including realistic ones with volatility clustering.


title:
Modeling long-range memory trading activity by stochastic differential
  equations

abstract:
  We propose a model of fractal point process driven by the nonlinear
stochastic differential equation. The model is adjusted to the empirical data
of trading activity in financial markets. This reproduces the probability
distribution function and power spectral density of trading activity observed
in the stock markets. We present a simple stochastic relation between the
trading activity and return, which enables us to reproduce long-range memory
statistical properties of volatility by numerical calculations based on the
proposed fractal point process.


title: Periodically forced ferrofluid pendulum: effect of polydispersity

abstract:
  We investigate a torsional pendulum containing a ferrofluid that is forced
periodically to undergo small-amplitude oscillations. A homogeneous magnetic
field is applied perpendicular to the pendulum axis. We give an analytical
formula for the ferrofluid-induced ``selfenergy'' in the pendulum's dynamic
response function for monodisperse as well as for polydisperse ferrofluids.


title: Comment on "Cooling atoms with a moving one-way barrier"

abstract:
  E.A. Schoene et al., in arXiv:1012.3207 [Phys. Rev.A, 82, 023419 (2010)] give
incorrect interpretation of their experimental results. Really we observe a
temporary capture and additional cooling of atoms in the presence of the
orthogonal laser beam. Any strong potential barriers are absent here. It may be
easily experimentally tested.


title: Dynamics of a viscous vesicle in linear flows

abstract:
  An analytical theory is developed to describe the dynamics of a closed lipid
bilayer membrane (vesicle) freely suspended in a general linear flow.
Considering a nearly spherical shape, the solution to the creeping-flow
equations is obtained as a regular perturbation expansion in the excess area.
The analysis takes into account the membrane fluidity, incompressibility and
resistance to bending. The constraint for a fixed total area leads to a
non-linear shape evolution equation at leading order. As a result two regimes
of vesicle behavior, tank-treading and tumbling, are predicted depending on the
viscosity contrast between interior and exterior fluid. Below a critical
viscosity contrast, which depends on the excess area, the vesicle deforms into
a tank--treading ellipsoid, whose orientation angle with respect to the flow
direction is independent of the membrane bending rigidity. In the tumbling
regime, the vesicle exhibits periodic shape deformations with a frequency that
increases with the viscosity contrast. Non-Newtonian rheology such as normal
stresses is predicted for a dilute suspension of vesicles. The theory is in
good agreement with published experimental data for vesicle behavior in simple
shear flow.


title:
Intergalactic spaceflight: an uncommon way to relativistic kinematics
  and dynamics

abstract:
  In the Special Theory of Relativity space and time intervals are different in
different frames of reference. As a consequence, the quantity 'velocity' of
classical mechanics splits into different quantities in Special Relativity,
coordinate velocity, proper velocity and rapidity. The introduction and clear
distinction of these quantities provides a basis to introduce the kinematics of
uniform and accelerated motion in an elementary and intuitive way. Furthermore,
rapidity links kinematics to dynamics and provides a rigorous way to derive
Newtons Second Law in the relativistic version. Although the covariant
tensorial notation of relativity is a powerful tool for dealing with
relativistic problems, its mathematical difficulties may obscure the physical
background of relativity for undergraduate students. Proper velocity and proper
acceleration are the spatial components of the relativistic velocity and
acceleration vectors, and thus, they provide a possibility to introduce and
justify the vectorial notation of spacetime. The use of the three different
quantities describing 'velocity' is applied to discuss the problems arising in
a thought experiment of a relativistic spaceflight.


title:
Low frequency fluctuations in a Vertical Cavity Lasers: experiments
  versus Lang-Kobayashi dynamics

abstract:
  The limits of applicability of the Lang-Kobayashi (LK) model for a
semiconductor laser with optical feedback are analyzed. The model equations,
equipped with realistic values of the parameters, are investigated below
solitary laser threshold where Low Frequency Fluctuations (LFF) are usually
observed. The numerical findings are compared with experimental data obtained
for the selected polarization mode from a Vertical Cavity Surface Laser (VCSEL)
subject to polarization selective external feedback. The comparison reveals the
bounds within which the dynamics of the LK can be considered as realistic. In
particular, it clearly demonstrates that the deterministic LK, for realistic
values of the linewidth enhancement factor $\alpha$, reproduces the LFF only as
a transient dynamics towards one of the stationary modes with maximal gain. A
reasonable reproduction of real data from VCSEL can be obtained only by
considering noisy LK or alternatively deterministic LK for extremely high
$\alpha$-values.


title:
Application of the $J$-matrix Method to Faddeev-Merkuriev equation:
  beyond pseudostates

abstract:
  A version of the $J$-matrix method for solving numerically the three-body
Faddeev-Merkuriev differential equations is proposed. This version allows to
take into account the full spectrum of the two-body Coulomb subsystem. As a
result, a discrete analog of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation is obtained which
allows to interpret correctly the three-body wave function in two-body domains.
The scheme is applied to calculations of the fully resolved absolute
differential cross sections for the He$(e,2e)$He$^+$ and He$(e,3e)$He$^{++}$
reactions at small energy and momentum transfers. The results are in good
agreement with the experiment both in shape and in absolute value.


title: Explicit symplectic integrators for solving non-separable Hamiltonians

abstract:
  By exploiting the error functions of explicit symplectic integrators for
solving separable Hamiltonians, I show that it is possible to develop explicit,
time-reversible symplectic integrators for solving non-separable Hamiltonians
of the product form. The algorithms are unusual in that they of fractional
order.


title: Tunable split-ring resonators for nonlinear negative-index metamaterials

abstract:
  We study experimentally the dynamic tunability and self-induced nonlinearity
of split-ring resonators incorporating variable capacitance diodes. We
demonstrate that the eigenfrequencies of the resonators can be tuned over a
wide frequency range, and significantly, we show that the self-induced
nonlinear effects observed in the varactor-loaded split-ring resonator
structures can appear at relatively low power levels.


title: Computational Enhancement to Programmers

abstract:
  Computing according to laymens procedures is changed to contain a paradigm of
inoptimality in the high level and assembled code. The code is changed to
maximize the flow of information contained in the electrons so that they
function more as a group and without unwanted coherence effects. Exponential
effects are suspected in the improved operation of the programming. From a
laymens point of view the maladjustment of substandard code could result in a
factor of a thousand in such programs as Microsoft Works which can be speed
intensive.


title:
Design guide for electronics for resistive charge division in thermal
  neutron detection

abstract:
  An amplifier has been designed for optimal use of position sensitive thermal
neutron detectors using the principle of resistive charge division. The
important points in this optimization are: high counting rates and good spatial
resolution. This amplifier is built as a hybrid circuit and is now used on
several new instruments at the ILL. It consists of a fast low noise current
pre-amplifier, a gaussian shaping circuit based on a 4th order active filter
and an essentially noiseless baseline reconstruction. In this paper, we present
a rather complete theoretical analysis of the problem that lead us to the
choices made above, and allows for an optimal adaptation to other situations.
An analysis of unwanted, secondary effects is also worked out.


title: Off line Parallax Correction for Neutral Particle Gas Detectors

abstract:
  In a neutral particle gas detector, the parallax error resulting from the
perpendicular projection on the detection plane or wire of the radial particle
trajectories emanating from a point like source (such as a scattering sample)
can significantly spoil the apparent angular resolution of the detector.
However, as we will show, the information is not lost. We propose an off line
data treatment to restore as much as possible the original scattering
information in the case of a one-dimensional parallax effect. The reversibility
of parallax follows from the algebraic structure of this effect, which is
different from the resolution loss which is essentially irreversible. The
interplay between finite resolution and parallax complicates the issue, but
this can be resolved.


title:
An Optimal Lookup Table Construction for Charge Division with respect to
  Efficiency Flatness

abstract:
  Static lookup tables as often used in the position calculation electronics in
position sensitive detectors suffer from the well known problem that the
propagation of digitization errors in the division leads to unequal
efficiencies for the different output channels. In this paper we present a
solution to the construction of such a lookup table which is optimal in the
sense that the least possible efficiency errors are committed in the class of
monotone lookup tables. The obtained resolution is comparable to what is
obtained using the standard implementation of the fixed point division. After a
theoretical explanation, we present some experimental results confirming our
claim.


title: An Electrostatic Lens to Reduce Parallax in Banana Gas Detectors

abstract:
  Cylindrical "banana" gas detectors are often used in fixed-target
experiments, because they are free of parallax effects in the equatorial plane.
However, there is a growing demand to increase the height of these detectors in
order to be more efficient or to cover more solid angle, and hence a parallax
effect starts to limit the resolution in that direction. In this paper we
propose a hardware correction for this problem which reduces the parallax error
thanks to an applied potential on the front window that makes the electrostatic
field lines radially pointing to the interaction point at the entrance window.
A detailed analytical analysis of the solution is also presented.


title: Phase separation in mixed argon-xenon clusters

abstract:
  In this paper, electron diffraction and optical methods are used together for
the first time to study the problem of phase equilibrium in binary clusters of
heavy rare gases. For the argon-xenon system, a new effect of its decay into
pure components with a sharp interface between the xenon core and the argon
shell is observed.


title: Non-Singular Magnetic Monopole

abstract:
  Magnetic Monopole is a cosequence of the existence of the duality symmetry in
electromagnetics. Although, no conclusive experimental evidence have so far
been found but the subject is still of much interest to physicist. The theory
of magnetic monopoles was first proposed by Dirac in 1931 and soon after it was
studied by physicist of many deciplines specially particle physics, quantum
field theory and non-linear Soliton equations. One important consequence of the
magnetic monopole theory is the quantization of the electric charge which was
first derived by Dirac. In the definition of the classicaql magnetic monopole,
the concept of Dirac string is used. dirac string is the locus of the points
where the vector potential is nopt well-behave. On the other hand by
introducing the idea of magnetic monopoles, Maxwell's equations became
symmetrical with respect to the magnetic and electric fields, but they still
remain unsymmetrical as far as the scalar and the vector potentials are
concerned. In this work the electric and magnetic fields are redifined in
termes of some new scalar and vector potentials, respectively, as a result of
which the Maxwell's equations become symmetrical with respect to the
potentials, too. One advantage of using this formulation is that one can
discard the Dirac string all together. Finally, definition of the new
potentials guarantees the lorentz invariance of equations.


title: Exact Solutions for Models of Cultural Transmission and Network Rewiring

abstract:
  We look at the evolution through rewiring of the degree distribution of a
network so the number edges is constant. This is exactly equivalent to the
evolution of probability distributions in models of cultural transmission with
drift and innovation, or models of homogeneity in genes in the presence of
mutation. We show that the mean field equations in the literature are
incomplete and provide the full equations. We then give an exact solution for
both their long time solution and for their approach to equilibrium. Numerical
results show these are excellent approximations and confirm the characteristic
simple inverse power law distributions with a large scale cutoff under certain
conditions. The alternative is that we reach a completely homogeneous solution.
We consider how such processes may arise in practice, using a recent Minority
Game study as an example.


title: Gravitomagnetism and Angular Momenta of Black-Holes

abstract:
  We review the energy contents formulae of Kerr-Newman black-holes, where
gravitomagnetic energy term comes to play(Berman, 2006; 2006a; 2004). Then, we
obtain the angular momenta formulae, which include the gravitomagnetic effect.
Three theorems can be enunciated: (1) No black-hole has its energy confined to
its interior; (2) Rotating black-holes do not have confined angular momenta;
(3) The energy density of a black-hole is not confined to its interior. The
difference between our calculation and previous ones by Virbhadra(1990, 1990a,
1990b), and Aguirregabiria et al.(1996), lies in the fact that we include a
term responsible for the self-gravitational energy, while the cited authors
discarded such effect, which appears in the static black hole energy
calculation.


title:
Jackson's paradox and its resolution by the four-dimensional geometric
  quantities

abstract:
  In this paper it is shown that the real cause of Jackson's paradox is the use
of three-dimensional (3D) quantities, e.g., $\mathbf{E}$, $% \mathbf{B}$,
$\mathbf{F}$, $\mathbf{L}$, $\mathbf{T}$, their transformations and equations
with them. The principle of relativity is naturally satisfied and there is no
paradox when the physical reality is attributed to the 4D geometric quantities,
e.g., to the 4D torque $N$ (bivector) or, equivalently, to the 4D torques
$N_{s}$ and $N_{t}$ (1-vectors), which together contain the same physical
information as the bivector $N$.


title: Electronic detection of charged particle effects in a Penning trap

abstract:
  We present a thorough analysis of the electronic detection of charged
particles, confined in a Penning trap, via image charges induced in the trap
electrodes. Trapping of charged particles in an electrode structure leads to
frequency shifts, which are due to image charge and space charge effects. These
effects are of importance for Penning trap experiments which involve high
charge densities or require high precision in the motional frequencies. Our
analysis of image charges shows that only (higher order) odd powers of the
particle displacement lead to induced charge differences, giving rise to a
signal. This implies that, besides the centre-of-mass frequency of a trapped
particle cloud, also higher order individual particle frequencies induce a
signal, which can be picked up by an electronic detection circuit attached to
the trap electrodes. We also derive analytic expressions for the image charge
and space charge induced frequency shifts and perform simulations of space
charge effects. In relation to this, we discuss the consequences of the shifted
particle frequencies for resistive cooling of the particle motion.


title: Fractal Analysis of River Flow Fluctuations (with Erratum)

abstract:
  We use some fractal analysis methods to study river flow fluctuations.
  The result of the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) shows
that there are two crossover timescales at $s_{1\times}\sim12$ and
$s_{2\times}\sim130$ months in the fluctuation function. We discuss how the
existence of the crossover timescales are related to a sinusoidal trend. The
first crossover is due to the seasonal trend and the value of second ones is
approximately equal to the well known cycle of sun activity. Using Fourier
detrended fluctuation analysis, the sinusoidal trend is eliminated. The value
of Hurst exponent of the runoff water of rivers without the sinusoidal trend
shows a long range correlation behavior. For the Daugava river the value of
Hurst exponent is $0.52\pm0.01$ and also we find that these fluctuations have
multifractal nature. Comparing the MF-DFA results for the remaining data set of
Daugava river to those for shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that its
multifractal nature is almost entirely due to the broadness of probability
density function.


title: Growing distributed networks with arbitrary degree distributions

abstract:
  We consider distributed networks, such as peer-to-peer networks, whose
structure can be manipulated by adjusting the rules by which vertices enter and
leave the network. We focus in particular on degree distributions and show
that, with some mild constraints, it is possible by a suitable choice of rules
to arrange for the network to have any degree distribution we desire. We also
describe a mechanism based on biased random walks by which appropriate rules
could be implemented in practice. As an example application, we describe and
simulate the construction of a peer-to-peer network optimized to minimize
search times and bandwidth requirements.


title: Cinema, Fermi Problems, & General Education

abstract:
  During the past several years the authors have developed a new approach to
the teaching of Physical Science, a general education course typically found in
the curricula of nearly every college and university. This approach, called
`Physics in Films', uses scenes from popular movies to illustrate physical
principles and has excited student interest and improved student performance.
  The analyses of many of the scenes in `Physics in Films' are a direct
application of Fermi calculations -- estimates and approximations designed to
make solutions of complex and seemingly intractable problems understandable to
the student non-specialist. The intent of this paper is to provide instructors
with examples they can use to develop skill in recognizing Fermi problems and
making Fermi calculations in their own courses.


title: Cinema Fiction vs Physics Reality: Ghosts, Vampires and Zombies

abstract:
  We examine certain features of popular myths regarding ghosts, vampires and
zombies as they appear in film and folklore. We use physics to illuminate
inconsistencies associated with these myths and to give practical explanation
to certain aspects.


title:
Matter-wave soliton control in optical lattices with topological
  dislocations

abstract:
  We address the concept of guiding and transporting matter-wave solitons along
the channels of optical lattices made by interference patterns of beams
containing topological wavefront dislocations. The local lattice distortions
that occur around the dislocations cause solitons to move along reconfigurable
paths, a phenomenon that may be used for controlled all-optical manipulation of
Bose-Einstein condensates. Multiple dislocations form traps that can capture
and hold moving solitons.


title: Is Peudoscience the Solution to Science Literacy?

abstract:
  Brief overview of the `Pseudoscience' flavor of the `Physics in Films'
project at the University of Central Florida.


title:
Rf-induced persistent long-range ordered structures in two-species ion
  Coulomb crystals in a linear Paul trap

abstract:
  We report on the observations of three-dimensional long-range ordered
structures in the central $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion component of
$^{40}$Ca$^+$--$^{44}$Ca$^+$ two-species ion Coulomb crystals in a linear Paul
trap. In contrast to long-range ordering previously observed in single species
crystals, the structures observed are strikingly persistent and always of one
specific type in one particular orientation. Molecular dynamics simulations
strongly indicate that these characteristics are a hitherto unpredicted
consequence of the co-axial cylindrical symmetry of the central ion component
of the Coulomb crystal and the radio frequency quadrupole trapping field.


title:
The origin of preferential attachment and the generalized preferential
  attachment for weighted networks

abstract:
  In this paper, we first discuss the origin of preferential attachment. Then
we establish the generalized preferential attachment which has two new
properties; first, it encapsulates both the topological and weight aspects of a
network, which makes it is neither entirely degree preferential nor entirely
weight preferential. Second, it can tell us not only the chance that each
already-existing vertex being connected but also how much weight each new edge
has. The generalized preferential attachment can generate four power-law
distributions, besides the three for vertex degrees, vertex strengths, and edge
weights, it yield a new power-law distribution for the subgraph degrees.


title:
The application of the modified form of Bath's law to the North
  Anatolian Fault Zone

abstract:
  Earthquakes and aftershock sequences follow several empirical scaling laws:
One of these laws is Bath's law for the magnitude of the largest aftershock. In
this work, Modified Form of Bath's Law and its application to KOERI data have
been studied. Bath's law states that the differences in magnitudes between
mainshocks and their largest detected aftershocks are approximately constant,
independent of the magnitudes of mainshocks and it is about 1.2. In the
modified form of Bath's law for a given mainshock we get the inferred largest
aftershock of this mainshock by using an extrapolation of the Gutenberg-Richter
frequency-magnitude statistics of the aftershock sequence. To test the
applicability of this modified law, 6 large earthquakes that occurred in Turkey
between 1950 and 2004 with magnitudes equal to or greater than 6.9 have been
considered. These earthquakes take place on the North Anatolian Fault Zone.
Additionally, in this study the partitioning of energy during a
mainshock-aftershock sequence was also calculated in two different ways. It is
shown that most of the energy is released in the mainshock. The constancy of
the differences in magnitudes between mainshocks and their largest aftershocks
is an indication of scale-invariant behavior of aftershock sequences.


title: The charged beam dumps for the international linear collider

abstract:
  The baseline configuration of the International Linear Collider requires 2
beam dumps per interaction region, each rated to 18MW of beam power, together
with additional beam dumps for tuning purposes and machine protection. The
baseline design uses high pressure moving water dumps, first developed for the
SLC and used in the TESLA design, although a gas based dump is also being
considered. In this paper we discuss the progress made by the international
community on both physics and engineering studies for the beam dumps.


title:
Enhancement and Inhibition of Stimulated Processes in a Negative Index
  Cavity

abstract:
  We study second harmonic generation in a negative index material cavity. The
transmission spectrum shows a gap between the electric and magnetic plasma
frequencies, so that localized and anti-localized states are allowed at the
band edges. The process is made efficient by local phase matching conditions
between a forward-propagating pump and a backward-propagating second harmonic
signal. By simultaneously exciting the cavity with counter-propagating pulses
one is able to enhance or inhibit absorption and stimulated processes. The
control parameter is the relative phase difference between the two incident
pulses which determines the interference properties of the fields inside the
cavity.


title: Peter Bergmann and the invention of constrained Hamiltonian dynamics

abstract:
  Peter Bergmann was a co-inventor of the algorithm for converting singular
Lagrangian models into a constrained Hamiltonian dynamical formalism. This talk
focuses on the work of Bergmann and his collaborators in the period from 1949
to 1951.


title:
Generation of radiation in free electron lasers with diffraction
  gratings (photonic crystal) with the variable spacial period

abstract:
  The equations providing to describe generation process in FEL with varied
parameters of diffraction grating (photonic crystal) are obtained. It is shown
that applying diffraction gratings (photonic crystal) with the variable period
one can significantly increase radiation output. It is mentioned that
diffraction gratings (photonic crystal) can be used for creation of the
dynamical wiggler with variable period in the system. This makes possible to
develop double-cascaded FEL with variable parameters changing, which efficiency
can be significantly higher that of conventional system.


title: Multiscale reconstruction of time series

abstract:
  A new method is proposed which allows a reconstruction of time series based
on higher order multiscale statistics given by a hierarchical process. This
method is able to model the time series not only on a specific scale but for a
range of scales. It is possible to generate complete new time series, or to
model the next steps for a given sequence of data. The method itself is based
on the joint probability density which can be extracted directly from given
data, thus no estimation of parameters is necessary. The results of this
approach are shown for a real world dataset, namely for turbulence. The
unconditional and conditional probability densities of the original and
reconstructed time series are compared and the ability to reproduce both is
demonstrated. Therefore in the case of Markov properties the method proposed
here is able to generate artificial time series with correct n-point
statistics.


title: Probabilistic Regularization in Inverse Optical Imaging

abstract:
  The problem of object restoration in the case of spatially incoherent
illumination is considered. A regularized solution to the inverse problem is
obtained through a probabilistic approach, and a numerical algorithm based on
the statistical analysis of the noisy data is presented. Particular emphasis is
placed on the question of the positivity constraint, which is incorporated into
the probabilistically regularized solution by means of a quadratic programming
technique. Numerical examples illustrating the main steps of the algorithm are
also given.


title: Study of the Damped Pendulum

abstract:
  Experiments on the oscillatory motion of a suspended bar magnet throws light
on the damping effects acting on the pendulum. The viscous drag offered by air
was found the be the main contributor for slowing the pendulum down. The nature
and magnitude of the damping effects were shown to be strongly dependent on the
amplitude.


title:
Hoelder-exponent-MFDFA-based test for long-range correlations in
  pseudorandom sequences

abstract:
  We discuss the problem for detecting long-range correlations in sequences of
values obtained by generators of pseudo-random numbers. The basic idea is that
the H{\"o}lder exponent for a sufficiently long sequence of uncorrelated random
numbers has the fixed value $h=1/2$. The presence of long-range correlations
leads to deviation from this value. We calculate the H{\"o}lder exponent by the
method of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). We discuss
frequently used tests for randomness, finite sample properties of the MFDFA,
and the conditions for a correct application of the method. We observe that the
fluctuation function $F_{q}$ used in the MFDFA reacts to trends caused by low
periodicity presented in the pseudo-random number generator. In order to select
appropriate generators from the numerous programs we propose a test for the
ensemble properties of the generated pseudo-random sequences with respect to
their robustness against presence of long-range correlations, and a selection
rule which orders the generators that pass the test. Selecting generators that
successfully pass the ensemble test and have good performance with respect to
the selection rule is not enough. For the selected generator we have to choose
appropriate pseudo-random sequences for the length of the sequence required by
the solved problem. This choice is based on the closeness of the H{\"o}lder
exponent of the generated sequence to its value 1/2 characteristic for the case
of absence of correlations.


title:
The form of the rate constant for elementary reactions at equilibrium
  from MD: framework and proposals for thermokinetics

abstract:
  The rates or formation and concentration distributions of a dimer reaction
showing hysteresis behavior are examined in an ab initio chemical reaction
designed as elementary and where the hysteresis structure precludes the
formation of transition states (TS) with pre-equilibrium and internal
sub-reactions. It was discovered that the the reactivity coefficients, defined
as a measure of departure from the zero density rate constant for the forward
and backward steps had a ratio that was equal to the activity coefficient ratio
for the product and reactant species. From the above observations, a theory is
developed with the aid of some proven elementary theorems in thermodynamics,
and expressions are derived whereby a feasible experimental and computational
method for determining the activity coefficients from the rate constants may be
obtained The theory developed is applied to ionic reactions where the standard
Bronsted-Bjerrum rate equation and exceptions to this are rationalized, and by
viewing ion association as a n-meric process, ion activity coefficients may in
principle be determined under varying applicable assumptions.


title: Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of the Casimir-Polder Force

abstract:
  We report on the first measurement of a temperature dependence of the
Casimir-Polder force. This measurement was obtained by positioning a nearly
pure 87-Rb Bose-Einstein condensate a few microns from a dielectric substrate
and exciting its dipole oscillation. Changes in the collective oscillation
frequency of the magnetically trapped atoms result from spatial variations in
the surface-atom force. In our experiment, the dielectric substrate is heated
up to 605 K, while the surrounding environment is kept near room temperature
(310 K). The effect of the Casimir-Polder force is measured to be nearly 3
times larger for a 605 K substrate than for a room-temperature substrate,
showing a clear temperature dependence in agreement with theory.


title: On the completeness of classical electromagnetism

abstract:
  The possibility of an incompletness of the equations of electromagnetism is
analyzed using a thought experiment that shows a non-physical behavior
according to classical electromagnetism. Basically, from Maxwell equations it
is shown that a particular passive, isolated circuit could present a transient
growth of its currents. Resolution of this problem is sought within the context
of the usual electromagnetism and also using the possibly simplest
generalization of Maxwell equations, a reduced version of Ohmura equations.


title: Possibility of Turbulence from a Post-Navier-Stokes Equation

abstract:
  We introduce corrections to the Navier-Stokes equation arising from the
transitions between molecular states and the injection of external energy. In
the simplest application of the proposed post Navier-Stokes equation, we find a
multi-valued velocity field and the immediate possibility of velocity reversal,
both features of turbulence.


title: Persistent Transport Barrier on the West Florida Shelf

abstract:
  Analysis of drifter trajectories in the Gulf of Mexico has revealed the
existence of a region on the southern portion of the West Florida Shelf (WFS)
that is not visited by drifters that are released outside of the region. This
so-called ``forbidden zone'' (FZ) suggests the existence of a persistent
cross-shelf transport barrier on the southern portion of the WFS. In this
letter a year-long record of surface currents produced by a Hybrid-Coordinate
Ocean Model simulation of the WFS is used to identify Lagrangian coherent
structures (LCSs), which reveal the presence of a robust and persistent
cross-shelf transport barrier in approximately the same location as the
boundary of the FZ. The location of the cross-shelf transport barrier undergoes
a seasonal oscillation, being closer to the coast in the summer than in the
winter. A month-long record of surface currents inferred from high-frequency
(HF) radar measurements in a roughly 60 km $\times$ 80 km region on the WFS off
Tampa Bay is also used to identify LCSs, which reveal the presence of robust
transient transport barriers. While the HF-radar-derived transport barriers
cannot be unambiguously linked to the boundary of the FZ, this analysis does
demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring transport barriers on the WFS using a
HF-radar-based measurement system. The implications of a persistent cross-shelf
transport barrier on the WFS for the development of harmful algal blooms on the
shoreward side of the barrier are considered.


title:
Near threshold rotational excitation of molecular ions by
  electron-impact

abstract:
  New cross sections for the rotational excitation of H$_3^+$ by electrons are
calculated {\it ab initio} at low impact energies. The validity of the
adiabatic-nuclei-rotation (ANR) approximation, combined with $R$-matrix
wavefunctions, is assessed by comparison with rovibrational quantum defect
theory calculations based on the treatment of Kokoouline and Greene ({\it Phys.
Rev. A} {\bf 68} 012703 2003). Pure ANR excitation cross sections are shown to
be accurate down to threshold, except in the presence of large oscillating
Rydberg resonances. These resonances occur for transitions with $\Delta J=1$
and are caused by closed channel effects. A simple analytic formula is derived
for averaging the rotational probabilities over such resonances in a 3-channel
problem. In accord with the Wigner law for an attractive Coulomb field,
rotational excitation cross sections are shown to be large and finite at
threshold, with a significant but moderate contribution from closed channels.


title:
Splashing of liquids: interplay of surface roughness with surrounding
  gas

abstract:
  We investigate the interplay between substrate roughness and surrounding gas
pressure in controlling the dynamics of splashing when a liquid drop hits a dry
solid surface. We associate two distinct forms of splashing with each of these
control parameters: prompt splashing is due to surface roughness and corona
splashing is due to instabilities produced by the surrounding gas. The size
distribution of ejected droplets reveals the length scales of the underlying
droplet-creation process in both cases.


title: Black Holes, Entropy and the Third Law

abstract:
  There would be a perfect correspondence between the laws of classical
thermodynamics and black hole thermodynamics, except for the apparent failure
of black hole thermodynamics to correspond to the Third Law. The classical
Third Law of Thermodynamics entails that as the absolute temperature, T,
approaches zero, the entropy, S, also approaches zero.
  This discussion is based upon part of the work published by the author in
1995 that demonstrated that the most general form of the classical Third Law of
Thermodynamics is satisfied by treating the area of the inner-event horizon as
a measure of negative-entropy (negentropy).


title: Performance of the CDF Calorimeter Simulation in Tevatron Run II

abstract:
  The CDF experiment is successfully collecting data from ppbar collisions at
the Tevatron in Run II. As the data samples are getting larger, systematic
uncertainties due to the measurement of the jet energy scale assessed using the
calorimeter simulation have become increasingly important. In many years of
operation, the collaboration has gained experience with GFLASH, a fast
parametrization of electromagnetic and hadronic showers used for the
calorimeter simulation. We present the performance of the calorimeter
simulation and report on recent improvements based on a refined in situ tuning
technique. The central calorimeter response is reproduced with a precision of
1-2%.


title: Heterodyne interferometer with unequal path lengths

abstract:
  Laser interferometry is an extensively used diagnostic for plasma
experiments. Existing plasma interferometers are designed on the presumption
that the scene and reference beam path lengths have to be equal, a requirement
that is costly in both the number of optical components and the alignment
complexity. It is shown here that having equal path lengths is not necessary -
instead what is required is that the path length difference be an even multiple
of the laser cavity length. This assertion has been verified in a heterodyne
laser interferometer that measures typical line-average densities of $\sim
10^{21}/\textrm{m}^2$ with an error of $\sim 10^{19}/\textrm{m}^2$.


title:
Demonstration of a moving guide based atom interferometer for rotation
  sensing

abstract:
  We demonstrate area-enclosing atom interferometry based on a moving guide.
Light pulses along the free propagation direction of a magnetic guide are
applied to split and recombine the confined atomic matter-wave, while the atoms
are translated back and forth along a second direction in 50 ms. The
interferometer is estimated to resolve ten times the earth rotation rate per
interferometry cycle. We demonstrate a ``folded figure 8'' interfering
configuration for creating a compact, large-area atom gyroscope with
multiple-turn interfering paths.


title:
Topology of Foreign Exchange Markets using Hierarchical Structure
  Methods

abstract:
  This paper uses two hierarchical techniques, a minimal spanning tree and an
ultrametric hierarchical tree, to extract a topological influence map for major
currencies from the ultrametric distance matrix for 1996-2001. We find that
these two techniques generate a defined and robust scale free network with
meaningful taxonomy. The topology is shown to be robust with respect to method,
to time horizon and is stable during market crises. This topology,
appropriately used, gives a guide to determining the underlying economic or
regional causal relationships for individual currencies and will prove useful
to understanding the dynamics of exchange rate price determination as part of a
complex network.


title:
Multi-vanadium substituted polyoxometalates as efficient
  electrocatalysts for the oxidation of l-cysteine at low potential on glassy
  carbon electrodes

abstract:
  The electrochemical behaviours of the sandwich-type complex
[As2W18(VO)3O66]11- were studied in a pH 7 medium and compared with those of
the three following Dawson-type vanadium-substituted complexes: [P2V2W16O62]8-
(P2V2W16), [P2MoV2W15O62]8- (P2MoV2W15) and [P2V3W15O62]9- (P2V3W15).
Electrochemistry shows that the sandwich-type POM contains 2 VIV centers and
one VV center and must be formulated As2V2IVVW18, in agreement with titration,
elemental analysis and magnetic measurements on this element.. All the POMs of
this work proved efficient for the oxidation of L-cysteine. Comparison of the
present results with those of mono-Vanadium substituted POMs indicates that
accumulation of vanadium atoms in the POM framework is beneficial in the
electrocatalytic process. In addition, the present work highlights the
important influence of the POM structure in the electrocatalytic oxidation of
L-cysteine. The remarkable outcome of this work is that the potential for the
oxidation of L-cysteine in the presence of the selected POMs has been
substantially driven in the negative direction compared to the case of glassy
carbon alone, a feature which is associated with faster kinetics. The stability
of the systems must also be pointed out.


title:
Free Radicals in Superfluid Liquid Helium Nanodroplets: A Pyrolysis
  Source for the Production of Propargyl Radical

abstract:
  An effusive pyrolysis source is described for generating a continuous beam of
radicals under conditions appropriate for the helium droplet pick-up method.
Rotationally resolved spectra are reported for the $\nu_1$ vibrational mode of
the propargyl radical in helium droplets at 3322.15 cm$^{-1}$. Stark spectra
are also recorded that allow for the first experimental determination of the
permanent electric dipole moment of propargyl, namely -0.150 D and -0.148 D for
ground and excited state, respectively, in good agreement with previously
reported ab initio results of -0.14 D [1]. The infrared spectrum of the $\nu_1$
mode of propargyl-bromide is also reported. The future application of these
methods for the production of novel radical clusters is discussed.


title:
A Natural Value Unit - Econophysics as Arbiter between Finance and
  Economics

abstract:
  Foreign exchange markets show that currency units (= accounting or nominal
price units) are variables. Technical and economic progress evidence that the
consumer baskets (= purchasing power units or real price units) are also
variables. In contrast, all physical measurement units are constants and either
defined in the SI (= metric) convention or based upon natural constants (=
"natural" or Planck units). Econophysics can identify a constant natural value
scale or vaue unit (natural numaraire) based upon Planck energy. In honour of
the economist L. Walras, this "Planck value" could be called walras (Wal),
thereby using the SI naming convention. One Wal can be shown to have a
physiological and an economic interpretation in that it is equal to the annual
minimal real cost of physiological life of a reference person at minimal
activity. The price of one Wal in terms of any currency can be estimated by
hedonic regression techniques used in inflation measurement (axiometry). This
pilot research uses official disaggregated Swiss Producer and Consumer Price
Index data and estimates the hedonic walras price (HWP), quoted in Swiss francs
in 2003, and its inverse, the physical purchasing power (PhPP) of the Swiss
franc in 2003.


title: Evaporative cooling in a radio-frequency trap

abstract:
  A theoretical investigation for implementing a scheme of forced evaporative
cooling in radio-frequency (rf) adiabatic potentials is presented. Supposing
the atoms to be trapped by a rf field RF1, the cooling procedure is facilitated
using a second rf source RF2. This second rf field produces a controlled
coupling between the spin states dressed by RF1. The evaporation is then
possible in a pulsed or continuous mode. In the pulsed case, atoms with a given
energy are transferred into untrapped dressed states by abruptly switching off
the interaction. In the continuous case, it is possible for energetic atoms to
adiabatically follow the doubly-dressed states and escape out of the trap. Our
results also show that when the frequencies of the fields RF1 and RF2 are
separated by at least the Rabi frequency associated with RF1, additional
evaporation zones appear which can make this process more efficient.


title:
Kinematical theory of spinning particles: The interaction Lagrangian for
  two spin 1/2 Dirac particles

abstract:
  The concept of elementary particle rests on the idea that it is a physical
system with no excited states, so that all possible states of the particle are
just kinematical modifications of any one of them. In this way instead of
describing the particle attributes it amounts to describe the collection of
consecutive inertial observers who describe the particle in the same
kinematical state. The kinematical state space of an elementary particle is a
homogeneous space of the kinematical group.By considering the largest
homogeneous spaces of both, Galilei and Poincare groups, it is shown how the
spin structure is related to the different degrees of freedom. Finally, the
spacetime symmetry group of a relativistic particle which satisfies Dirac's
equation when quantized, is enlarged to take into account additional symmetries
like spacetime dilations and local rotations. An interaction Lagrangian
invariant under this enlarged group is proposed and the compound system of two
Dirac particles is analyzed.


title: Data Acquisition in the EUDET Project

abstract:
  The goal of the EUDET project is the development and construction of
infrastructure to permit detector R&D for the International Linear Collider
(ILC) with larger scale prototypes. It encompasses major detector components:
the vertex detector, the tracker and the calorimeters. We describe here the
status and plans of the project with emphasis on issues related to data
acquisition for future test beam experiments.


title:
Anomalous fluctuations in Minority Games and related multi-agent models
  of financial markets

abstract:
  We review the recent approaches to modelling financial markets based on
multi-agent systems. After a brief summary of the basic stylised facts observed
in real-market time-series we discuss some simple agent-based systems which are
currently used to model financial markets. One of the most prominent examples
is here the Minority Game (MG), which we address in some more detail. After a
brief discussion of its basic setup and general phenomenology we summarise the
main findings of the statistical mechanics analysis and discuss the emergence
of stylised facts in extensions of the MG near their phase transitions between
efficient and predictable regimes. We then turn towards more realistic variants
which comprise heterogeneous populations of agents, with different memory
capabilities, different inclinations to trade and varying expectations on the
future evolution of the market. Finally we give a short outlook on potential
future work in this area.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech q-fin.TR


title:
Using the System Schema Representational Tool to Promote Student
  Understanding of Newton's Third Law

abstract:
  The Modeling Instruction program at Arizona State University has developed a
representational tool, called a system schema, to help students make a first
level of abstraction of an actual physical situation [1]. A system schema
consists of identifying and labeling all objects of interest from a given
physical situation, as well as all the different types of interactions between
the objects. Given all the relevant objects and their interactions, students
can explicitly identify which are part of their system and which are not, and
then go on to model the interactions affecting their choice of system as either
(i) mechanisms for energy transfer, or (ii) forces being exerted. In this
paper, I describe the system schema tool, give examples of its use in the
context of forces, and present some evidence on its effectiveness in helping
students understand Newton's Third Law.


title:
Dynamic phase microscopy: measurements of translational displacements at
  sub-nanometer scale

abstract:
  Dynamic phase microscopy has been applied for measurements of nanometer-scale
displacements of a piezoelectric scanner. This scanner, which was designed for
calibration purposes for scanning probe microscopy and TEM, exhibited a linear
and hysteresis-free translation in the 0.05-20 nm range. The voltage-activated
motion is described by a coefficient of 0.03 \pm 0.005 nm/V.


title:
Tomographic inversion using $\ell_1$-norm regularization of wavelet
  coefficients

abstract:
  We propose the use of $\ell_1$ regularization in a wavelet basis for the
solution of linearized seismic tomography problems $Am=d$, allowing for the
possibility of sharp discontinuities superimposed on a smoothly varying
background. An iterative method is used to find a sparse solution $m$ that
contains no more fine-scale structure than is necessary to fit the data $d$ to
within its assigned errors.


title: The hydrino and other unlikely states

abstract:
  We discuss the tightly bound (hydrino) solution of the Klein-Gordon equation
for the Coulomb potential in 3 dimensions. We show that a similarly tightly
bound state occurs for the Dirac equation in 2 dimensions. These states are
unphysical since they disappear if the nuclear charge distribution is taken to
have an arbitrarily small but non-zero radius.

categories: physics.class-ph hep-th physics.gen-ph quant-ph


title:
Global Well-posedness of the Three-dimensional Viscous and Inviscid
  Simplified Bardina Turbulence Models

abstract:
  In this paper we present analytical studies of three-dimensional viscous and
inviscid simplified Bardina turbulence models with periodic boundary
conditions. The global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the
viscous model has already been established by Layton and Lewandowski. However,
we prove here the global well-posedness of this model for weaker initial
conditions. We also establish an upper bound to the dimension of its global
attractor and identify this dimension with the number of degrees of freedom for
this model. We show that the number of degrees of freedom of the long-time
dynamics of the solution is of the order of $(L/l_d)^{12/5}$, where $L$ is the
size of the periodic box and $l_d$ is the dissipation length scale-- believed
and defined to be the smallest length scale actively participating in the
dynamics of the flow. This upper bound estimate is smaller than those
established for Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$, Clark-$\alpha$ and
Modified-Leray-$\alpha$ turbulence models which are of the order $(L/l_d)^{3}$.
Finally, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to
the inviscid model. This result has an important application in computational
fluid dynamics when the inviscid simplified Bardina model is considered as a
regularizing model of the three-dimensional Euler equations.


title:
Gain-assisted slow to superluminal group velocity manipulation in
  nano-waveguides

abstract:
  We study the energy propagation in subwavelength waveguides and demonstrate
that the mechanism of material gain, previously suggested for loss
compensation, is also a powerful tool to manipulate dispersion and propagation
characteristics of electromagnetic pulses at the nanoscale. We show
theoretically that the group velocity in lossy nano-waveguides can be
controlled from slow to superluminal values by the material gain and waveguide
geometry and develop an analytical description of the relevant physics. We
utilize the developed formalism to show that gain-assisted dispersion
management can be used to control the transition between ``photonic-funnel''
and ``photonic-compressor'' regimes in tapered nano-waveguides. The phenomenon
of strong modulation of group velocity in subwavelength structures can be
realized in waveguides with different geometries, and is present for both
volume and surface-modes.


title:
Traffic of interacting ribosomes on mRNA during protein synthesis:
  effects of chemo-mechanics of individual ribosomes

abstract:
  Many {\it ribosomes} simultaneously move on the same messenger RNA (mRNA),
each synthesizing separately a copy of the same protein. In contrast to the
earlier models, here {\it we develop a ``unified'' theoretical model} that not
only incorporates the {\it mutual exclusions} of the interacting ribosomes, but
also describes explicitly the mechano-chemistry of each of these macromolecular
machines during protein synthesis. Using analytical and numerical techniques of
non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, we analyze the rates of protein
synthesis and the spatio-temporal organization of the ribosomes in this model.
We also predict how these properties would change with the changes in the rates
of the various chemo-mechanical processes in each ribosome. Finally, we
illustrate the power of this model by making experimentally testable
predictions on the rates of protein synthesis and the density profiles of the
ribosomes on some mRNAs in {\it E-coli}.


title:
Characterization of foreign exchange market using the
  threshold-dealer-model

abstract:
  We introduce a deterministic dealer model which implements most of the
empirical laws, such as fat tails in the price change distributions, long term
memory of volatility and non-Poissonian intervals. We also clarify the
causality between microscopic dealers' dynamics and macroscopic market's
empirical laws.


title:
All-optical Control of the Propagation of Intense Laser Light in
  Condensed Media

abstract:
  We experimentally demonstrate optical control of filamentation that occurs
during propagation of intense, ultrashort laser pulses through crystals like
barium fluoride and sapphire. Control is exercised by rotating the plane of
polarization of the incident laser radiation and is demonstrated by directly
visualizing filamentation in the bulk via six-photon absorption-induced
fluorescence and, concomitantly, by probing the spectral and spatial properties
of white light that is generated.


title: The road not considered ... the question of photon mass

abstract:
  We consider possibilities of modification of Maxwell's equations of
electrodynamics that could have automatically led to a massive photon. Why
weren't such questions considered at the time when quantum theory was
introduced at the beginning of the 20th century? We try to answer this
question.


title: Revisiting Bohr's quantization hypothesis for the atomic orbitals

abstract:
  We deduce the quantization of the atomic orbit for the hydrogen's atom model
proposed by Bohr without using his hypothesis of angular momentum quantization.
We show that his hypothesis can be deduced from and is a consequence of the
Planck's energy quantization.


title: Medium and Small Scale Analysis of Financial Data

abstract:
  A stochastic analysis of financial data is presented. In particular we
investigate how the statistics of log returns change with different time delays
$\tau$. The scale dependent behaviour of financial data can be divided into two
regions. The first time-range, the small-timescale region (in the range of
seconds) seems to be characterized by universal features. The second
time-range, the medium-timescale range from several minutes upwards and can be
characterized by a cascade process, which is given by a stochastic Markov
process in the scale $\tau$. A corresponding Fokker-Planck equation can be
extracted from given data and provides a non equilibrium thermodynamical
description of the complexity of financial data.


title: Swamping of circular Bragg phenomenon and shaping of videopulses

abstract:
  We studied the durations and average speeds of videopulses transmitted
through chiral sculptured thin films using a finite-difference algorithm. The
chiral STF was either linear or possessed an intensity-dependent permittivity.
Videopulse durations tended to decrease with increasing carrier wavelength and
to increase, for given carrier wavelength and polarization state, when the
chiral STF was nonlinear with intensity-dependent permittivity. The rate of
decrease in durations with wavelength was less than that for longer-duration
pulses. The effect of the circular Bragg phenomenon was swamped by the wide
bandwidth possessed by videopulses. Two measures of videopulse average speed
did not change much with carrier wavelength, and decreased slightly, for a
given carrier wavelength and polarization state, in the nonlinear case. The
other measure of average speed tended to increase with increasing carrier
wavelength, and decrease, for a given carrier wavelength and polarization
state, in the nonlinear case.


title:
Lagrangian transport through an ocean front in the North-Western
  Mediterranean Sea

abstract:
  We analyze with the tools of lobe dynamics the velocity field from a
numerical simulation of the surface circulation in the Northwestern
Mediterranean Sea. We identify relevant hyperbolic trajectories and their
manifolds, and show that the transport mechanism known as the `turnstile',
previously identified in abstract dynamical systems and simplified model flows,
is also at work in this complex and rather realistic ocean flow. In addition
nonlinear dynamics techniques are shown to be powerful enough to identify the
key geometric structures in this part of the Mediterranean. In particular the
North Balearic Front, the westernmost part of the transition zone between
saltier and fresher waters in the Western Mediterranean is interpreted in terms
of the presence of a semipermanent ``Lagrangian barrier'' across which little
transport occurs. Our construction also reveals the routes along which this
transport happens. Topological changes in that picture, associated with the
crossing by eddies and that may be interpreted as the breakdown of the front,
are also observed during the simulation.


title: Ultrafast Pulse Radiolysis Using a Terawatt Laser Wakefield Accelerator

abstract:
  We report the first ultrafast pulse radiolysis transient absorption
spectroscopy measurements from the Terawatt Ultrafast High Field Facility
(TUHFF) at Argonne National Laboratory. TUHFF houses a 20 TW Ti:sapphire laser
system that generates 2.5 nC sub-picosecond pulses of multi-MeV electrons at 10
Hz using laser wakefield acceleration. The system has been specifically
optimized for kinetic measurements in a pump-probe fashion. This requires
averaging over many shots which necessitates stable, reliable generation of
electron pulses. The latter were used to generate excess electrons in pulse
radiolysis of liquid water and concentrated solutions of perchloric acid. The
hydronium ions in the acidic solutions react with the hydrated electrons
resulting in the rapid decay of the transient absorbance at 800 nm on the
picosecond time scale. Time resolution of a few picoseconds has been
demonstrated. The current time resolution is determined primarily by the
physical dimensions of the sample and the detection sensitivity. Subpicosecond
time resolution can be achieved by using thinner samples, more sensitive
detection techniques and improved electron beam quality.


title:
Femtosecond electron and x-ray source based on laser wakefield
  accelerator

abstract:
  A terawatt tabletop laser wakefield acceleration source of relativistic
electrons has been developed in our Terawatt Ultrafast High Field Facility
(TUHFF). The preliminary results for ultrafast radiolysis of liquid water using
this femtosecond electron source are presented. A TUHFF based femtosecond x-ray
source is proposed. Thomson scattering of the accelerated electrons off a
counterpropagating terawatt laser beam will be used to generate keV x-ray
photons. The expected parameters of this x-ray source have been estimated. The
short pulse duration, high flux, and good collimation of the resulting x-ray
beam would be conducive for ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption studies of
short-lived transient species in gases, liquids, and solids. It is argued that
the solvation dynamics of Br atoms generated in photoinduced electron
detachment from aqueous bromide would make a convenient choice for the first
pump-probe experiment using this x-ray source.


title:
The self-energy of the electron: a quintessential problem in the
  development of QED

abstract:
  The development of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is sketched from its
earliest beginnings until the formulations of 1949, using the example of the
divergent self-energy of the electron as a quintessential problem of the
1930's-40's. The lack of progress towards solving this problem led researchers
to believe that after the conceptual revolution of quantum mechanics a new
conceptual change was needed. It took a war and a new generation of
algorithmically inclined physicists to pursue the conventional route of
regularization and renormalization that led to the solution in 1947-1949. Some
remarks on contemporary high energy physics are made.


title:
Influence of magnetic-field inhomogeneity on nonlinear magneto-optical
  resonances

abstract:
  In this work, a sensitivity of the rate of relaxation of ground-state atomic
coherences to magnetic-field inhomogeneities is studied. Such coherences give
rise to many interesting phenomena in light-atom interactions, and their
lifetimes are a limiting factor for achieving better sensitivity, resolution or
contrast in many applications. For atoms contained in a vapor cell, some of the
coherence-relaxation mechanisms are related to magnetic-field inhomogeneities.
We present a simple model describing relaxation due to such inhomogeneities in
a buffer-gas-free anti-relaxation coated cell. A relation is given between
relaxation rate and magnetic-field inhomogeneities including the dependence on
cell size and atomic spices. Experimental results, which confirm predictions of
the model, are presented. Different regimes, in which the relaxation rate is
equally sensitive to the gradients in any direction and in which it is
insensitive to gradients transverse to the bias magnetic field, are predicted
and demonstrated experimentally.


title:
Effect of the Earth's Coriolis force on the large-scale circulation of
  turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection

abstract:
  We present measurements of the large-scale circulation (LSC) of turbulent
Rayleigh-Benard convection in water-filled cylindrical samples of heights equal
to their diameters. The orientation of the LSC had an irregular time
dependence, but revealed a net azimuthal rotation with an average period of
about 3 days for Rayleigh numbers R > 10^10. On average there was also a
tendency for the LSC to be aligned with upflow to the west and downflow to the
east, even after physically rotating the apparatus in the laboratory through
various angles. Both of these phenomena could be explained as a result of the
coupling of the Earth's Coriolis force to the LSC. The rate of azimuthal
rotation could be calculated from a model of diffusive LSC orientation
meandering with a potential barrier due to the Coriolis force. The model and
the data revealed an additional contribution to the potential barrier that
could be attributed to the cooling system of the sample top which dominated the
preferred orientation of the LSC at high R. The tendency for the LSC to be in a
preferred orientation due to the Coriolis force could be cancelled by a slight
tilt of the apparatus relative to gravity, although this tilt affected other
aspects of the LSC that the Coriolis force did not.


title: Electron impact collision strengths in Si IX, Si X and Si XI

abstract:
  Electron impact collision strengths among 560 levels of Si IX, 320 levels of
Si X and 350 levels of Si XI have been calculated using the Flexible Atomic
Code (FAC) of Gu (2003). Collision strengths $\Omega$ at ten scattered electron
energies covering an entire energy range, namely 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600,
800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 eV, are reported. Assuming a Maxwellian energy
distribution, effective collision strengths $\Upsilon$ are obtained at a finer
electron temperature grids of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 MK, which
covers the typical temperature range of astrophysical hot plasma. Additionally,
radiative rates $A$ and weighted oscillator strengths $gf$ are given for more
possible transitions among these levels. Comparisons of our results with
available predictions reported in earlier literatures are made, and the
accuracy of the data is assessed. Most transitions exhibit a better agreement,
whereas large differences in $gf$ appear for a few cases, which are due to the
different inclusion of configuration interaction in different theoretical
calculations. In excitations among levels of ground and lower excited
configurations, large discrepancies of $\Upsilon$ maybe resulted from the
consideration of resonance effects in earlier works.


title:
Refinement trajectory and determination of eigenstates by a wavelet
  based adaptive method

abstract:
  The detail structure of the wave function is analyzed at various refinement
levels using the methods of wavelet analysis. The eigenvalue problem of a model
system is solved in granular Hilbert spaces, and the trajectory of the
eigenstates is traced in terms of the resolution. An adaptive method is
developed for identifying the fine structure localization regions, where
further refinement of the wave function is necessary.


title: Sensor for monitoring plasma parameters

abstract:
  A spectrally tunable VCSEL (vertical cavity surface-emitting laser) was used
as part of sensing hardware for measurements of the radial-integrated gas
temperature inside an inductively coupled plasma reactor. The data were
obtained by profiling the Doppler-broadened absorption of metastable Ar atoms
at 763.51 nm in argon and argon/nitrogen plasmas (3, 45, and 90% N2 in Ar) at
pressure 0.5-70 Pa and inductive power of 100 and 300 W. The results were
compared to rotational temperature derived from the N2 emission at the (0,0)
transition of the C - B system. The differences in integrated rotational and
Doppler temperatures were attributed to non-uniform spatial distributions of
both temperature and thermometric species (Ar* and N2*) that varied depending
on conditions. A two-dimensional, two-temperature fluid plasma simulation was
employed to explain these differences. This work should facilitate further
development of a miniature sensor for non-intrusive acquisition of data
(temperature and densities of multiple plasma species) during micro- and
nano-fabrication plasma processing, thus enabling the diagnostic-assisted
continuous optimization and advanced control over the processes. Such sensors
would also enable tracking the origins and pathways of damaging contaminants,
thereby providing real-time feedback for adjustment of processes. Our work
serves as an example of how two line-of-sight integrated temperatures derived
from different thermometric species make it possible to characterize the radial
non-uniformity of the plasma.


title: Maxwell's demon through the looking glass

abstract:
  Mechanical Maxwell's demons, such as Smoluchowski's trapdoor and Feynman's
ratchet and pawl need external energy source to operate. If you cease to feed a
demon the Second Law of thermodynamics will quickly stop its operation.
Nevertheless, if the parity is an unbroken symmetry of nature, it may happen
that a small modification leads to demons which do not need feeding. Such
demons can act like perpetuum mobiles of the second kind: extract heat energy
from only one reservoir, use it to do work and be isolated from the rest of
ordinary world. Yet the Second Law is not violated because the demons pay their
entropy cost in the hidden (mirror) sector of the world by emitting mirror
photons.


title: Analysis of price diffusion in financial markets using PUCK model

abstract:
  Based on the new type of random walk process called the Potentials of
Unbalanced Complex Kinetics (PUCK) model, we theoretically show that the price
diffusion in large scales is amplified 2/(2 + b) times, where b is the
coefficient of quadratic term of the potential. In short time scales the price
diffusion depends on the size M of the super moving average. Both numerical
simulations and real data analysis of Yen-Dollar rates are consistent with
theoretical analysis.


title:
Analysis of surface waves generated on subwavelength-structured silver
  films

abstract:
  Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyse the physical-chemical
surface properties of subwavlength structured silver films and
finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulations of the optical
response of these structures to plane-wave excitation, we report on the origin
and nature of the persistent surface waves generated by a single slit-groove
motif and recently measured by far-field optical interferometry. The surface
analysis shows that the silver films are free of detectable oxide or sulfide
contaminants, and the numerical simulations show very good agreement with the
results previously reported.


title:
Justice in the Shadow of Self-Interest. An Experiment on Redistributive
  Behavior

abstract:
  By means of laboratory experiment I examine the relation between fairness
judgments made `behind the veil of ignorance' and actual behavior in a model
situation of income inequality. As the evidence shows, when material
self-interest is at stake vast majority of subjects tends to abandon the
fairness norm. Rather small regard for efficiency is present in the data.
Furthermore, as low income players go through a sequence of games against high
earners and experience changes in income disparity, the history effect proves
to override structural characteristics of the redistribution game.


title: Non-Causal Fir Filters for the Maximum Return from Capital Markets

abstract:
  In this paper we consider a trading strategy, which consists in buying or
selling a financial instrument when the smoothing, non-causal FIR (Final
Impulse Response) filter output attains a local minimum or maximum,
respectively. Upon tis assumption the goal of this paper is to determine the
'best' non-causal smoothing FIR filters, which provide maximum value of the
return from the market. The assumed non-causality is obtained by advancing the
output signal to compensate for the delay introduced by the a priori known
filter. The best result were obtained for the impulse response given by the
Pascal triangle and the family of symmetric power triangles, both for the case
of trading with, and without the transaction fee. It was found that the
transaction fee dramatically reduces a possible net return from the market, and
therefore should not be omitted in market analyzes.


title: Channeling chaotic transport in a wave-particle experiment

abstract:
  A numerical and experimental study of a control method aimed at channeling
chaos by building barriers in phase space is performed on a paradigm for
wave-particle interaction, i.e., a traveling wave tube. Control of chaotic
diffusion is achieved by adding small apt modifications to the system with a
low additional cost of energy. This modification is realized experimentally
through additional waves with small amplitudes. Robustness of the method is
investigated both numerically and experimentally.


title:
Chiral molecules split light: Reflection and refraction in a chiral
  liquid

abstract:
  A light beam changes direction as it enters a liquid at an angle from another
medium, such as air. Should the liquid contain molecules that lack mirror
symmetry, then it has been predicted by Fresnel that the light beam will not
only change direction, but will actually split into two separate beams with a
small difference in the respective angles of refraction. Here we report the
observation of this phenomenon. We also demonstrate that the angle of
reflection does not equal the angle of incidence in a chiral medium. Unlike
conventional optical rotation, which depends on the path-length through the
sample, the reported reflection and refraction phenomena arise within a few
wavelengths at the interface and thereby suggest a new approach to polarimetry
that can be used in microfluidic volumes.


title: On the Collapse of Neutron Stars

abstract:
  This paper reviews the Oppenheimer, Volkoff and Snyder's arguments about the
formation of black holes from the collapse of Neutron Stars. It is found that
such a collapse is inconsistent with microscopic causality and Heisenberg
uncertainty principle.


title:
Charge-Resonance Effect on Harmonic Generation by Symmetric Diatomic
  Molecular Ions in Intense Laser Fields

abstract:
  In present paper we develop an analytic theory for the harmonic generation of
symmetric diatomic molecular ions beyond two-level model, emphasizing the
influence of charge-resonance (CR) states those are strongly coupled to
electromagnetic fields for large internuclear distance. With taking into
account the continuum states that is ignored in the two-level model and become
important for intense laser case, our model is capable to produce spectrum for
the whole range of harmonic orders consisting of a molecular plateau due to the
CR transition and an atomic-like plateau for a long-wavelength excitation, and
in good agreement with numerical results from directly solution of the
Schr\"odinger equation. Our theory also identifies the crucial role of the CR
states in the fine structure of harmonic spectrum and shows that the harmonic
generation in molecular system can be effectively controlled by adjusting the
internuclear distance.


title:
W4 theory for computational thermochemistry: in pursuit of confident
  sub-kJ/mol predictions

abstract:
  In an attempt to improve on our earlier W3 theory [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 120},
4129 (2004)] we consider such refinements as more accurate estimates for the
contribution of connected quadruple excitations ($\hat{T}_4$), inclusion of
connected quintuple excitations ($\hat{T}_5$), diagonal Born-Oppenheimer
corrections (DBOC), and improved basis set extrapolation procedures. Revised
experimental data for validation purposes were obtained from the latest version
of the ATcT (Active Thermochemical Tables) Thermochemical Network. We found
that the CCSDTQ$-$CCSDT(Q) difference converges quite rapidly with the basis
set, and that the formula
1.10[CCSDT(Q)/cc-pVTZ+CCSDTQ/cc-pVDZ$-$CCSDT(Q)/cc-pVDZ] offers a very reliable
as well as fairly cost-effective estimate of the basis set limit $\hat{T}_4$
contribution. The largest $\hat{T}_5$ contribution found in the present work is
on the order of 0.5 kcal/mol (for ozone). DBOC corrections are significant at
the 0.1 kcal/mol level in hydride systems. . Based on the accumulated
experience, a new computational thermochemistry protocol for first-and
second-row main-group systems, to be known as W4 theory, is proposed. Our W4
atomization energies for a number of key species are in excellent agreement
(better than 0.1 kcal/mol on average, 95% confidence intervals narrower than 1
kJ/mol) with the latest experimental data obtained from Active Thermochemical
Tables. A simple {\em a priori} estimate for the importance of post-CCSD(T)
correlation contributions (and hence a pessimistic estimate for the error in a
W2-type calculation) is proposed.


title:
Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term
  frequency stability

abstract:
  We report on the development of a sapphire cryogenic microwave resonator
oscillator long-term fractional frequency stability of 2x10^-17Sqrt[\tau] for
integration times \tau>10^3 s and negative drift of about 2.2x10^-15/day. The
short-term frequency instability of the oscillator is highly reproducible and
also state-of-the-art: 5.6x10^-16 for an integration time of \tau ~ 20 s.

categories: physics.ins-det gr-qc physics.class-ph quant-ph


title: Network Harness: Metropolis Public Transport

abstract:
  We analyze the public transport networks (PTNs) of a number of major cities
of the world. While the primary network topology is defined by a set of routes
each servicing an ordered series of given stations, a number of different
neighborhood relations may be defined both for the routes and the stations. The
networks defined in this way display distinguishing properties, the most
striking being that often several routes proceed in parallel for a sequence of
stations. Other networks with real-world links like cables or neurons embedded
in two or three dimensions often show the same feature - we use the car
engineering term "harness" for such networks. Geographical data for the routes
reveal surprising self-avoiding walk (SAW) properties. We propose and simulate
an evolutionary model of PTNs based on effectively interacting SAWs that
reproduces the key features.


title:
Numerical Study of Nearly Singular Solutions of the 3-D Incompressible
  Euler Equations

abstract:
  In this paper, we perform a careful numerical study of nearly singular
solutions of the 3D incompressible Euler equations with smooth initial data. We
consider the interaction of two perturbed antiparallel vortex tubes which was
previously investigated by Kerr in \cite{Kerr93,Kerr05}. In our numerical
study, we use both the pseudo-spectral method with the 2/3 dealiasing rule and
the pseudo-spectral method with a high order Fourier smoothing. Moreover, we
perform a careful resolution study with grid points as large as
$1536\times1024\times 3072$ to demonstrate the convergence of both numerical
methods. Our computational results show that the maximum vorticity does not
grow faster than doubly exponential in time while the velocity field remains
bounded up to T=19, beyond the singularity time $T=18.7$ reported by Kerr in
\cite{Kerr93,Kerr05}. The local geometric regularity of vortex lines near the
region of maximum vorticity seems to play an important role in depleting the
nonlinear vortex stretching dynamically.


title:
Comment to "Comment on 'Unified treatment for the evaluation of
  arbitrary multielectron multicenter molecular integrals over Slater-type
  orbitals with noninteger principal quantum numbers'"

abstract:
  In a recent publication (Telhat Ozdogan, Int. J. Quantum Chem., 92 (2003)
419), we presented a unified algorithm for the evaluation of multicenter
multielectron integrals over Slater type orbitals with noninteger principal
quantum numbers, using the one center expansion formula for Slater type
orbitals with integer principal quantum numbers (E. Oztekin et. all., J. Mol.
Struct. Theochem, 544 (2001) 69; I.I. Guseinov et all., Z. Struct. Khim., 23
(1987) 148 (in Russian)). Guseinov in his comment (physics/0510235) on our
publication claims that the presented formulae in our paper could be derived
from formulae in his papers by simple algebra. We give a brief response to some
of his claims wherever scientifically appropriate. We also assert that the
comments are not scientifically justified and rhetoric is highly inappropriate.
It should be noted also that it is not easy to understand that what Guseinov
intends to do by transforming our procedure into his procedure, which we don't
evaluate as a development but can be regarded as a nice sound of science.


title: Critical parameters for the partial coalescence of a droplet

abstract:
  The partial coalescence of a droplet onto a planar liquid/liquid interface is
investigated experimentally by tuning the viscosities of both liquids. The
problem mainly depends on four dimensionless parameters: the Bond number
(gravity vs. surface tension), the Ohnesorge numbers (viscosity in both fluids
vs. surface tension), and the density relative difference. The ratio between
the daughter droplet size and the mother droplet size is investigated as a
function of these dimensionless numbers. Global quantities such as the
available surface energy of the droplet has been measured during the
coalescence. The capillary waves propagation and damping are studied in detail.
The relation between these waves and the partial coalescence is discussed.
Additional viscous mechanisms are proposed in order to explain the asymmetric
role played by both viscosities.


title: Relativistic addition of parallel velocities from time dilation

abstract:
  The relativistic addition of parallel velocities is derived involving
relativity only via the time dilation formula, avoiding the length contraction
used by many authors in conjunction with time dilation. The followed scenario
involves a machine gun that fires successive bullets, considered from its rest
frame and from the rest frame of the target, the bullets hit.


abstract:
  Coherent responses of resonance atom layer to short optical pulse excitation
are numerically considered. The inhomogeneous broadening of one-photon
transition, the local field effect, and the substrate dispersion are involved
into analysis. For a certain intensity of incident pulses a strong coherent
interaction in the form of sharp spikes of superradiation is observed in
transmitted radiation. The Lorentz field correction and the substrate
dispersion weaken the effect, providing additional spectral shifts. Specific
features of photon echo in the form of multiple responses to a double or triple
pulse excitation is discussed.


title: Imaging with two-axis micromirrors

abstract:
  We demonstrate a means of creating a digital image by using a two axis tilt
micromirror to scan a scene. For each different orientation we extract a single
grayscale value from the mirror and combine them to form a single composite
image. This allows one to choose the distribution of the samples, and so in
principle a variable resolution image could be created. We demonstrate this
ability to control resolution by constructing a voltage table that compensates
for the non-linear response of the mirrors to the applied voltage.