title:
Attempt to Generate Narrow Linewidth, CW Terahertz Radiation by Using
  Optical Frequency Comb

abstract:
  We report on an attempt to generate highly stable continuous terahertz (THz)
wave by using optical frequency comb (OFC). About 10-nm wide OFC has been
generated through a deep phase modulation of a 852 nm laser line in lithium
niobate crystal cavity. The multiple optical modes (side bands) of the OFC,
which are equally separated from each other by the modulation frequency (=6
GHz) are taken as the frequency reference. When another semiconductor laser is
frequency locked, the stability of the difference frequency between the master
laser and the second laser is improved on the same order of the RF modulator.
An ultra-narrow line and tunable THz radiation source can be achieved by
photomixing of this stable difference-frequency optical beat in a
photoconductive antenna.


title: Nonlinear surface waves in left-handed materials

abstract:
  We study both linear and nonlinear surface waves localized at the interface
separating a left-handed medium (i.e. the medium with both negative dielectric
permittivity and negative magnetic permeability) and a conventional (or
right-handed) dielectric medium. We demonstrate that the interface can support
both TE- and TM-polarized surface waves - surface polaritons, and we study
their properties. We describe the intensity-dependent properties of nonlinear
surface waves in three different cases, i.e. when both the LH and RH media are
nonlinear and when either of the media is nonlinear. In the case when both
media are nonlinear, we find two types of nonlinear surface waves, one with the
maximum amplitude at the interface, and the other one with two humps. In the
case when one medium is nonlinear, only one type of surface wave exists, which
has the maximum electric field at the interface, unlike waves in right-handed
materials where the surface-wave maximum is usually shifted into a
self-focussing nonlinear medium. We discus the possibility of tuning the wave
group velocity in both the linear and nonlinear cases, and show that
group-velocity dispersion, which leads to pulse broadening, can be balanced by
the nonlinearity of the media, so resulting in soliton propagation.


title: Entanglement of two coupled molecules

abstract:
  Entangled states of two coupled polar molecules controlled by laser pulses
are studied theoretically. Schmidt decomposition is used to measure the degree
of entanglement. By varying the pulse shape of the applied laser, transition
from regular to chaotic behavior may occur. This quantum feature is due to the
inference of different phases. Moreover, the entanglement is also found to be
enhanced by increasing the strength of the laser pulses.


title: The Joint COntrols Project Framework

abstract:
  The Framework is one of the subprojects of the Joint COntrols Project (JCOP),
which is collaboration between the four LHC experiments and CERN. By sharing
development, this will reduce the overall effort required to build and maintain
the experiment control systems. As such, the main aim of the Framework is to
deliver a common set of software components, tools and guidelines that can be
used by the four LHC experiments to build their control systems. Although
commercial components are used wherever possible, further added value is
obtained by customisation for HEP-specific applications. The supervisory layer
of the Framework is based on the SCADA tool PVSS, which was selected after a
detailed evaluation. This is integrated with the front-end layer via both OPC
(OLE for Process Control), an industrial standard, and the CERN-developed DIM
(Distributed Information Management System) protocol. Several components are
already in production and being used by running fixed-target experiments at
CERN as well as for the LHC experiment test beams. The paper will give an
overview of the key concepts behind the project as well as the state of the
current development and future plans.


title: Pole dynamics for the Flierl-Petviashvili equation and zonal flow

abstract:
  We use a systematic method which allows us to identify a class of exact
solutions of the Flierl-Petvishvili equation. The solutions are periodic and
have one dimensional geometry. We examine the physical properties and find that
these structures can have a significant effect on the zonal flow generation.


title:
Molecular dynamic simulation of the fluid concentration fluctuations in
  twodimensional porous medium

abstract:
  The filtration of fluid in 2D porous medium is simulated by the molecular
dynamics technique. The high concentration of fluid is created at the initial
point in time and the number of fluid particles is investigated in all porous.
The concentration of particles pores and parameters of interaction potentials
is varied. In all cases the particles concentration decay is well described by
exponential functions. The decreasing of the interpore channels leads to the
increasing of the relaxation time and does not depend on the system size. This
phenomenon is observed in real filtration processes.


title: A Sum Rule for Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities

abstract:
  It is explicitly shown, for optical processes arbitrarily comprising two-,
three- or four-photon interactions, that the sum over all matter states of any
optical susceptibility is exactly zero. The result remains true even in
frequency regions where damping is prominent. Using a quantum electrodynamical
framework to render the photonic nature of the fundamental interactions, the
result emerges in the form of a traceless operator in Hilbert space. The
generality of the sum rule and its significance as a thermodynamic limit are
discussed, and the applicability to real systems is assessed.


title:
Classical-Wigner Phase Space Approximation to Cumulative Matrix Elements
  in Coherent Control

abstract:
  The classical limit of the Wigner-Weyl representation is used to approximate
products of bound-continuum matrix elements that are fundamental to many
coherent control computations. The range of utility of the method is quantified
through an examination of model problems, single-channel Na_2 dissociation and
multi-arrangement channel photodissociation of CH_2IBr. Very good agreement
with the exact quantum results is found for a wide range of system parameters.


title:
Positive and Negative Goos-Hanchen Shifts and Negative Phase--Velocity
  Mediums (alias Left-Handed Materials)

abstract:
  On total reflection from a half-space filled with an isotropic, homogeneous,
weakly dissipative, dielectric-magnetic medium with negative phase-velocity
(NPV) characteristics, it is shown here that a linearly polarized beam can
experience either a negative or a positive Goos-Hanchen shift. The sign of the
shift depends on the polarization state of the beam as well as on the signs of
the real parts of the permittivity and the permeability of the NPV medium.


title: Next-Generation EU DataGrid Data Management Services

abstract:
  We describe the architecture and initial implementation of the
next-generation of Grid Data Management Middleware in the EU DataGrid (EDG)
project.
  The new architecture stems out of our experience and the users requirements
gathered during the two years of running our initial set of Grid Data
Management Services. All of our new services are based on the Web Service
technology paradigm, very much in line with the emerging Open Grid Services
Architecture (OGSA). We have modularized our components and invested a great
amount of effort towards a secure, extensible and robust service, starting from
the design but also using a streamlined build and testing framework.
  Our service components are: Replica Location Service, Replica Metadata
Service, Replica Optimization Service, Replica Subscription and high-level
replica management. The service security infrastructure is fully GSI-enabled,
hence compatible with the existing Globus Toolkit 2-based services; moreover,
it allows for fine-grained authorization mechanisms that can be adjusted
depending on the service semantics.


title:
Electric field-controlled water permeation coupled to ion transport
  through a nanopore

abstract:
  We report Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of a generic hydrophobic
nanopore connecting two reservoirs which are initially at different Na+
concentrations, as in a biological cell. The nanopore is impermeable to water
under equilibrium conditions, but the strong electric field caused by the ionic
concentration gradient drives water molecules in. The density and structure of
water in the pore are highly field dependent. In a typical simulation run, we
observe a succession of cation passages through the pore, characterized by
approximately bulk mobility. These ion passages reduce the electric field,
until the pore empties of water and closes to further ion transport, thus
providing a possible mechanism for biological ion channel gating.


title: The BaBar Event Building and Level-3 Trigger Farm Upgrade

abstract:
  The BaBar experiment is the particle detector at the PEP-II B-factory
facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. During the summer shutdown
2002 the BaBar Event Building and Level-3 trigger farm were upgraded from 60
Sun Ultra-5 machines and 100MBit/s Ethernet to 50 Dual-CPU 1.4GHz Pentium-III
systems with Gigabit Ethernet. Combined with an upgrade to Gigabit Ethernet on
the source side and a major feature extraction software speedup, this pushes
the performance of the BaBar event builder and L3 filter to 5.5kHz at current
background levels, almost three times the original design rate of 2kHz. For our
specific application the new farm provides 8.5 times the CPU power of the old
system.


title: The Data Acquisition System Based on PMC Bus

abstract:
  High energy physics experiments in KEK/Japan rush into over KHz trigger
stage. Thus, we need a successor of the data acquisition(DAQ) system that
replaces the CAMAC or FASTBUS systems. To meet these needs, we have developed a
DAQ system which includes a crate, base-board modules, daughter cards for
front-end A/D or T/D conversion, and back-end communication cards for data
transfer and timing control. The size of the crate is for the 9U Euro-cards
with the standard VME32 bus and extension connectors for power supply. The
base-board comprises of a local bus with the sequencer connected to the
front-end daughter cards via event buffering FIFOs, and the standard PMC (PCI
mezzanine card) bus to be set a PMC processor unit to reduce data size from the
front-end daughter cards. A data transfer module, which is connected to the
event building system, and a trigger control unit, which communicates with the
central timing controller are installed on the back-end communication card
connected to the rear end of the base-board. We describe the design of this DAQ
system and evaluate the performance of it.


title:
Twisting Rolls. An Heuristic Model and 3D Numerical Simulations of
  Vortex Patterns

abstract:
  We connect an appropriate feedback loop to a model of 2D vertical eddy of
airflow which unfolds a wide range of vorticity behavior. Computational fluid
dynamics of the twisted roll display a class of long lifespan 3D vortices. On
the one hand, the infinitely stable columnar vortex simulated describes
waterspouts and tornadoes with extended lifetime. On the other hand, a light
modification of the retroaction exhibits strong similarities to tropical
cyclones. Moreover, we investigate the outcome of the twisting process
vertically shifted. This modelisation leads to the simulation of simultaneous
vortices associated to this other class of 3D vortices with short lifespan. Our
heuristic dynamical systems lay the foundations of a comprehensive modelisation
of vortices since it joins theory and numerical simulations.

categories: physics.flu-dyn physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph physics.geo-ph


title: The NorduGrid architecture and tools

abstract:
  The NorduGrid project designed a Grid architecture with the primary goal to
meet the requirements of production tasks of the LHC experiments. While it is
meant to be a rather generic Grid system, it puts emphasis on batch processing
suitable for problems encountered in High Energy Physics. The NorduGrid
architecture implementation uses the \globus{} as the foundation for various
components, developed by the project. While introducing new services, the
NorduGrid does not modify the Globus tools, such that the two can eventually
co-exist. The NorduGrid topology is decentralized, avoiding a single point of
failure. The NorduGrid architecture is thus a light-weight, non-invasive and
dynamic one, while robust and scalable, capable of meeting most challenging
tasks of High Energy Physics.


title:
Explicit Solution For Klein-Gordon Equation, in Four Dimensions, For any
  Arbitrary potential. A New Approach

abstract:
  Klein-Gordon Equation has been solved in four dimension. The potential has
been chosen to be any arbitrary field Potential.


title:
Fluctuations Do Matter: Large Noise-Enhanced Halos in Charged-Particle
  Beams

abstract:
  The formation of beam halos has customarily been described in terms of a
particle-core model in which the space-charge field of the oscillating core
drives particles to large amplitudes. This model involves parametric resonance
and predicts a hard upper bound to the orbital amplitude of the halo particles.
We show that the presence of colored noise due to space-charge fluctuations
and/or machine imperfections can eject particles to much larger amplitudes than
would be inferred from parametric resonance alone.


title:
Large Diffuse Halos in Time-Dependent Space-Charge Potentials with
  Colored Noise

abstract:
  We explore the potential impact of colored noise on space-charge-induced halo
formation. By coupling particle orbits to parametric resonance, colored noise
due to space-charge fluctuations and/or imperfections in the beamline can eject
particles to much larger amplitudes than would be inferred from parametric
resonance alone.


title:
Chaotic Orbits in Thermal-Equilibrium Beams: Existence and Dynamical
  Implications

abstract:
  Phase mixing of chaotic orbits exponentially distributes these orbits through
their accessible phase space. This phenomenon, commonly called ``chaotic
mixing'', stands in marked contrast to phase mixing of regular orbits which
proceeds as a power law in time. It is operationally irreversible; hence, its
associated e-folding time scale sets a condition on any process envisioned for
emittance compensation. A key question is whether beams can support chaotic
orbits, and if so, under what conditions? We numerically investigate the
parameter space of three-dimensional thermal-equilibrium beams with space
charge, confined by linear external focusing forces, to determine whether the
associated potentials support chaotic orbits. We find that a large subset of
the parameter space does support chaos and, in turn, chaotic mixing. Details
and implications are enumerated.


title:
A Modular Object Oriented Data Acquisition System for the Gravitational
  Wave AURIGA Experiment

abstract:
  The new Data Acquisition system for the gravitational wave detector AURIGA
has been designed from the ground up in order to take advantage of hardware and
software platforms that became available in recent years; namely, i386
computers running Linux-based free software. This paper describes how advanced
software development technologies, such as Object Oriented design and
programming and CORBA infrastructure, were exploited to realize a robust,
distributed, flexible, and extensible system. Every agent of the Data
Acquisition System runs inside an heavyweight framework, conceived to
transparently take care of all the agents intercommunication, synchronization,
dataflow. It also presents an unified interface to the command and monitoring
tools. The DAQ logic is entirely contained in each agent's specialized code. In
the case of AURIGA the dataflow is designed as a three tier: frontend, builder,
consumer. Each tier is represented by a set of agents possibly running on
different hosts. This system is well fit for projects on scales comparable to
the AURIGA experiment: permanent and temporary data storage is based on the
Frame format adopted by the gravitational wave community, and the design is
reliable and fault-tolerant for low rate systems.


title: Virtual Data in CMS Analysis

abstract:
  The use of virtual data for enhancing the collaboration between large groups
of scientists is explored in several ways:
  - by defining ``virtual'' parameter spaces which can be searched and shared
in an organized way by a collaboration of scientists in the course of their
analysis;
  - by providing a mechanism to log the provenance of results and the ability
to trace them back to the various stages in the analysis of real or simulated
data;
  - by creating ``check points'' in the course of an analysis to permit
collaborators to explore their own analysis branches by refining selections,
improving the signal to background ratio, varying the estimation of parameters,
etc.;
  - by facilitating the audit of an analysis and the reproduction of its
results by a different group, or in a peer review context.
  We describe a prototype for the analysis of data from the CMS experiment
based on the virtual data system Chimera and the object-oriented data analysis
framework ROOT. The Chimera system is used to chain together several steps in
the analysis process including the Monte Carlo generation of data, the
simulation of detector response, the reconstruction of physics objects and
their subsequent analysis, histogramming and visualization using the ROOT
framework.


title: Classical Tunneling

abstract:
  A classical representation of an extended body over barriers of height
greater than the energy of the incident body is shown to have many features in
common with quantum tunneling as the center-of-mass literally goes through the
barrier. It is even classically possible to penetrate any finite barrier with a
body of arbitrarily low energy if the body is sufficiently long. A distribution
of body lengths around the de Broglie wavelength leads to reasonable agreement
with the quantum transmission coefficient.


title: A Formula for the Mass Spectrum of Baryons and Mesons

abstract:
  A mass formula for all the Baryons and Mesons is proposed. A comparison with
the actual masses shows that about 63 % of the errors are less than 1 % while
in about 93 % of the cases errors are less than 2 %. In all cases the error is
less than 3 % with the lone exception of omega (782) Meson in which case the
error is 3.6 %.A rationale for the proposed mass formula is also touched upon.


title: A novel directional coupler utilizing a left-handed material

abstract:
  A novel directional coupler with a left-handed material (LHM) layer between
two single-mode waveguides of usual material is introduced. The coupling system
is analyzed with the supermode theory. It is shown that such a LHM layer of
finite length can shorten significantly the coupling length for the two
single-mode waveguides. A LHM layer with two slowly tapered ends is used to
avoid the reflection loss at the ends.


title: New vertex reconstruction algorithms for CMS

abstract:
  The reconstruction of interaction vertices can be decomposed into a pattern
recognition problem (``vertex finding'') and a statistical problem (``vertex
fitting''). We briefly review classical methods. We introduce novel approaches
and motivate them in the framework of high-luminosity experiments like at the
LHC. We then show comparisons with the classical methods in relevant physics
channels


title: Atlas Data-Challenge 1 on NorduGrid

abstract:
  The first LHC application ever to be executed in a computational Grid
environment is the so-called ATLAS Data-Challenge 1, more specifically, the
part assigned to the Scandinavian members of the ATLAS Collaboration. Taking
advantage of the NorduGrid testbed and tools, physicists from Denmark, Norway
and Sweden were able to participate in the overall exercise starting in July
2002 and continuing through the rest of 2002 and the first part of 2003 using
solely the NorduGrid environment. This allowed to distribute input data over a
wide area, and rely on the NorduGrid resource discovery mechanism to find an
optimal cluster for job submission. During the whole Data-Challenge 1, more
than 2 TB of input data was processed and more than 2.5 TB of output data was
produced by more than 4750 Grid jobs.


title: Vertex reconstruction framework and its implementation for CMS

abstract:
  The class framework developed for vertex reconstruction in CMS is described.
We emphasize how we proceed to develop a flexible, efficient and reliable piece
of reconstruction software. We describe the decomposition of the algorithms
into logical parts, the mathematical toolkit, and the way vertex reconstruction
integrates into the CMS reconstruction project ORCA. We discuss the tools that
we have developed for algorithm evaluation and optimization and for code
release.


title: Novel Data Acquisition System for Silicon Tracking Detectors

abstract:
  We have developed a novel data acquisition system for measuring tracking
parameters of a silicon detector in a particle beam. The system is based on a
commercial Analog-to-Digital VME module and a PC Linux based Data Acquisition
System. This DAQ is realized with C++ code using object-oriented techniques.
Track parameters for the beam particles were reconstructed using off-line
analysis code and automatic detector position alignment algorithm.
  The new DAQ was used to test novel Czochralski type silicon detectors. The
important silicon detector parameters, including signal size distributions and
signal to noise distributions, were successfully extracted from the detector
under study. The efficiency of the detector was measured to be 95 %, the
resolution about 10 micrometers, and the signal to noise ratio about 10.


title: The Geant4 Hadronic Verification Suite for the Cascade Energy Range

abstract:
  A Geant4 hadronic process verification suite has been designed to test and
optimize Geant4 hadronic models in the cascade energy range. It focuses on
quantities relevant to the LHC radiation environment and spallation source
targets. The general structure of the suite is presented, including the user
interface, stages of verification, management of experimental data, event
generation, and comparison of results to data. Verification results for the
newly released Binary cascade and Bertini cascade models are presented.


title: FPGA Co-processor for the ALICE High Level Trigger

abstract:
  The High Level Trigger (HLT) of the ALICE experiment requires massive
parallel computing. One of the main tasks of the HLT system is two-dimensional
cluster finding on raw data of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which is the
main data source of ALICE. To reduce the number of computing nodes needed in
the HLT farm, FPGAs, which are an intrinsic part of the system, will be
utilized for this task. VHDL code implementing the Fast Cluster Finder
algorithm, has been written, a testbed for functional verification of the code
has been developed, and the code has been synthesized


title: Dimer state of spin-1 Bosons in an optical lattice

abstract:
  In this paper we consider spin-1 Bosons, such as $^{23}$Na, trapped in an
optical lattice, in the regime of one particle per site. We argue that the
ground state is expected to be the dimer phase in one, two, or three
dimensions, thus realizing a state that has so far been studied only
theoretically.


title: Java Physics Generator and Analysis Modules

abstract:
  A Java software framework allows modules written in different languages to be
used in a high level Object-Oriented (OO) environment. Java Native Interfaces
(JNI) for Linear Collider (LC) physics event generators are used in defining a
common generator interface package. Portable-JNI for TESLA and Asian JLC
detector simulation modules have been written for performing comparisons to the
American LC detector simulation. Physics and detector Java analysis modules
using prototype HEP class libraries provide high level OO study tools. Complete
physics generation, parallel detector simulations and event analysis for full
500 fb$^{-1}$ simulated data samples are performed in single-pass batch jobs.
Java histogram objects files are saved for final presentation using the Java
Analysis Studio (JAS). The software architecture, JNI designs and overall
performance is presented. Comparisons of American, Asian and European detector
simulations of Higgsstrahlung events generated by Pandora, Pythia and Whizard
are made.


title: The dispersion formula and the light group velocity in a water

abstract:
  The parametric formulas are obtained whereby the refractive index and the
light group velocity could be calculated for any water state (salinity,
pressure, temperature) inside of the light wavelength region from 200 nm to
1200 nm. These formulas are suitable to be used in underwater neutrino
telescope activity.


title:
Mode conversion in optical beam in order to create funnel shaped optical
  near field to collect cold Rb atoms from MOT

abstract:
  Doughnut shaped light beam has been generated from Gaussian mode ($TEM_{00}$)
cw-Ti sapphire laser. After splitting the pump beam into two equal intensity
components and introducing unequal convergence and phase delay while they are
recombined it results in doughnut mode. Such a beam is tunable and have long
propagation length. The evanescent field generated by 360 mW (at 780 nm
wavelength) of such a beam creates optical field of 600 nm decay length with a
5.75 neV repulsive dipole potential. Thus cold Rb atoms (at 10{$\mu$}K or less
temperature) released from MOT can be reflected by the surface so that the
atoms are collected ultimately at the bottom of the prism. By focussing such
doughnut beam with 8 cm focal length converging lens, the dark radius reduces
to 22{$\mu$}. We also observe such beam to contain azimuthal phase as well as
radial phase distribution.


title: Go4 v2 Analysis Framework

abstract:
  Go4 developed at GSI is an analysis framework with a general purpose non
blocking GUI. Go4 is based on ROOT. The GUI is implemented in Qt using GSI's
QtROOT interface. Analysis and GUI run in separate tasks communicating through
asynchronous object channels. A Go4 analysis may use any ROOT features. It can
be organized in steps, which can be controlled from the GUI according to the
user specifications. Each step is composed of event objects, the event
processing, and event IO. Go4 composite event classes allow the construction of
arbitrary complex events hierarchically composed of objects. The IO of the
composite event objects to and from ROOT trees/branches is provided without
explicit programming. The Go4 tree viewer can browse arbitrary hierarchy levels
of composite events. The GUI provides hooks to attach user written GUIs. These
GUIs have access to all objects of the analysis, i.e. events for asynchronous
event display. Using the Qt designer the development of such GUIs is very
efficient. The Go4 fit package (API and GUI) is a powerful and extendable tool
to model and fit experimental data. The Go4 framework is especially useful for
on-line monitoring. The HADES experiment at GSI integrated the existing ROOT
based analysis into Go4 and is using it on-line with dedicated GUIs.


title: On the role of shake-off in single-photon double ionization

abstract:
  The role of shake-off for double ionization of atoms by a single photon with
finite energy has become the subject of debate. In this letter, we attempt to
clarify the meaning of shake-off at low photon energies by comparing different
formulations appearing in the literature and by suggesting a working
definition. Moreover, we elaborate on the foundation and justification of a
mixed quantum-classical ansatz for the calculation of single-photon double
ionization.


title: Theory of the magnetronic laser

abstract:
  We determine the total power of radiation of electron moving in the planar
magnetron fields and the power spectrum generated by a single electron and by a
system of N electrons moving coherently in the planar magnetron. We argue that
for large N and high intensity of electric and magnetic fields, the power of
radiation of such magnetronic laser, MAL, can be sufficient for application in
the physical, chemical, biological and medicine sciences. In medicine, the
magnetronic laser, can be used for the therapy of the localized cancer tumors.
The application of MAL in CERN as an ion source for LHC is not excluded.


title: ALICE experience with GEANT4

abstract:
  Since its release in 1999, the LHC experiments have been evaluating GEANT4 in
view of adopting it as a replacement for the obsolescent GEANT3 transport
MonteCarlo. The ALICE collaboration has decided to perform a detailed physics
validation of elementary hadronic processes against experimental data already
used in international benchmarks. In one test, proton interactions on different
nuclear targets have been simulated, and the distribution of outgoing particles
has been compared to data. In a second test, penetration of quasi-monoenergetic
low energy neutrons through a thick shielding has been simulated and again
compared to experimental data. In parallel, an effort has been put on the
integration of GEANT4 in the AliRoot framework. An overview of the present
status of ALICE GEANT4 simulation and the remaining problems will be presented.
This document will describe in detail the results of these tests, together with
the improvements that the GEANT4 team has made to the program as a result of
the feedback received from the ALICE collaboration. We will also describe the
remaining problems that have been communicated to GEANT4 but not yet addressed.


title: Large Scale Online Storage Management

abstract:
  The HENP computing facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory supports both
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and US involvement in the ATLAS LHC
experiment. The facility includes 150 TBytes of centralized online (disk)
storage, which is served to a processor farm of 2000 CPU's. Multiple levels of
virtualization are used in the deployment of this storage. This allows for a
great deal of flexibility in the maintenance, performance tuning, and expansion
of the resource in a manner which is transparent to it's users. The tools and
strategies employed and the additional functionality achieved will be
discussed.


title: Structure and energetics of Ni clusters with up to 150 atoms

abstract:
  We present a method (the Aufbau/Abbau method) for optimizing the structure of
a whole series of clusters without making any assumptions on the structure.
Subsequently, the method is combined with the embedded-atom method in
determining the structure of the two energetically lowest isomers of Ni_N
clusters with N up to 150. Finally, various analytical descriptors are
introduced that are used in studying the overall shape of the clusters, their
structure and stability, and possible growth and dissociation processes.


title:
Radiative Reactions and Coherence Modeling in the High Altitude
  Electromagnetic Pulse

abstract:
  A high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with a peak field
intensity of 5 x 10^4 V/m carries momentum that results in a retarding force on
the average Compton electron (radiating coherently to produce the waveform)
with magnitude near that of the geomagnetic force responsible for the coherent
radiation. The retarding force results from a self field effect. The Compton
electron interaction with the self generated magnetic field due to the other
electrons accounts for the momentum density in the propagating wave;
interaction with the self generated electric field accounts for the energy flux
density in the propagating wave. Coherent addition of radiation is also
quantitatively modeled.


title:
Toroidal bubbles with circulation in ideal hydrodynamics. A variational
  approach

abstract:
  Incompressible, inviscid, irrotational, and unsteady flows with circulation
$\Gamma$ around a distorted toroidal bubble are considered. A general
variational principle that determines the evolution of the bubble shape is
formulated. For a two-dimensional (2D) cavity with a constant area $A$, exact
pseudo-differential equations of motion are derived, based on variables that
determine a conformal mapping of the unit circle exterior into the region
occupied by the fluid. A closed expression for the Hamiltonian of the 2D system
in terms of canonical variables is obtained. Stability of a stationary drifting
2D hollow vortex is demonstrated, when the circulation is relatively large,
$gA^{3/2}/\Gamma^2\ll 1$. For a circulation-dominated regime of
three-dimensional flows a simplified Lagrangian is suggested, inasmuch as the
bubble shape is well described by the center-line $\g{R}(\xi,t)$ and by an
approximately circular cross-section with relatively small area, $A(\xi,t)\ll
(\oint |\g{R}'|d\xi)^2$. In particular, a finite-dimensional dynamical system
is derived and approximately solved for a vertically moving axisymmetric vortex
ring bubble with a compressed gas inside.


title: An Inverse Equilibrium Maximum Entropy Algorithm Applied to Proteins

abstract:
  A computational method is developed to work on an inverse equilibrium problem
with an interest towards applications with protein folding. In general, we are
given a set of equilibrium confgiurations and want to derive the most probable
potential function that results in these configurations. The method is applied
to polymer simulations and a simple model of proteins using protein structures
obtained from the Protein Data Bank http://www.rcsb.org/pdb The resulting
energy function is tested on a few decoy sets with limited success.


title: CDF detector simulation framework and performance

abstract:
  The CDF detector simulation framework is integrated into an AC++ application
used to process events in the CDF experiment. The simulation framework is based
on the GEANT3 package. It holds the detector element geometry descriptions,
allows configuration of digitizers at run-time and manages the generated data.
The design is based on generic programming which allows for easy extension of
the simulation framework. The overall design, details of specific detector
components and in particular the performance of the CDF simulation compared to
collider data are described.


title:
Real-time Control System Prototype for Mechanical and Optical Systems
  based on Parallel Computing Techniques

abstract:
  Real-time control systems often require dedicated hardware and software,
including real-time operating systems, while many systems are available for
off-line computing, mainly based on standard system units (PCs), standard
network connections (Ethernet), standard operating systems (Linux) and software
independent from the particular architecture of the single unit. In order to
try to get the advantages of both the technologies, we built an hybrid control
system prototype using network based parallel computing architecture within
real-time control system. In this paper we describe the architecture of the
implemented system, the preliminary tests we performed for its characterization
and the architecture of the control system we used for the real-time control
tests.


title: SEAL: Common Core Libraries and Services for LHC Applications

abstract:
  The CERN LHC experiments have begun the LHC Computing Grid project in 2001.
One of the project's aims is to develop common software infrastructure based on
a development vision shared by the participating experiments. The SEAL project
will provide common foundation libraries, services and utilities identified by
the project's architecture blueprint report. This requires a broad range of
functionality that no individual package suitably covers. SEAL thus selects
external and experiment-developed packages, integrates them in a coherent
whole, develops new code for missing functionality, and provides support to the
experiments. We describe the set of basic components identified by the LHC
Computing Grid project and thought to be sufficient for development of higher
level framework components and specializations. Examples of such components are
a plug-in manager, an object dictionary, object whiteboards, an incident or
event manager. We present the design and implementation of some of these
components and the underlying foundation libraries in some detail.


title: Sensor Alignment by Tracks

abstract:
  Good geometrical calibration is essential in the use of high resolution
detectors. The individual sensors in the detector have to be calibrated with an
accuracy better than the intrinsic resolution, which typically is of the order
of 10 um. We present an effective method to perform fine calibration of sensor
positions in a detector assembly consisting of a large number of pixel and
strip sensors. Up to six geometric parameters, three for location and three for
orientation, can be computed for each sensor on a basis of particle
trajectories traversing the detector system. The performance of the method is
demonstrated with both simulated tracks and tracks reconstructed from
experimental data. We also present a brief review of other alignment methods
reported in the literature.


title: Simulation Application for the LHCb Experiment

abstract:
  We describe the LHCb detector simulation application (Gauss) based on the
Geant4 toolkit. The application is built using the Gaudi software framework,
which is used for all event-processing applications in the LHCb experiment. The
existence of an underlying framework allows several common basic services such
as persistency, interactivity, as well as detector geometry description or
particle data to be shared between simulation, reconstruction and analysis
applications. The main benefits of such common services are coherence between
different event-processing stages as well as reduced development effort. The
interfacing to Geant4 toolkit is realized through a facade (GiGa) which
minimizes the coupling to the simulation engine and provides a set of abstract
interfaces for configuration and event-by-event communication. The Gauss
application is composed of three main blocks, i.e. event generation, detector
response simulation and digitization which reflect the different stages
performed during the simulation job. We describe the overall design as well as
the details of Gauss application with a special emphasis on the configuration
and control of the underlying simulation engine. We also briefly mention the
validation strategy and the planing for the LHCb experiment simulation.


title: Revison Control in the Grid Era - the unmet challenge

abstract:
  As we move to distribute High Energy Physics computing tasks throughout the
global Grid, we are encountering ever more severe difficulties installing and
selecting appropriate versions of the supporting products. Problems show up at
every level: the base operating systems and tools, general purpose utilities
like root, and specific releases of application code. I will discuss some
specific examples, including what we've learned in commissioning the SAM
software for use by CDF. I will show why revision control can be a truly
difficult problem, and will discuss what we've been doing to measure and
control the situation.


title: Terabyte IDE RAID-5 Disk Arrays

abstract:
  High energy physics experiments are currently recording large amounts of data
and in a few years will be recording prodigious quantities of data. New methods
must be developed to handle this data and make analysis at universities
possible. We examine some techniques that exploit recent developments in
commodity hardware. We report on tests of redundant arrays of integrated drive
electronics (IDE) disk drives for use in offline high energy physics data
analysis. IDE redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) prices now are less
than the cost per terabyte of million-dollar tape robots! The arrays can be
scaled to sizes affordable to institutions without robots and used when fast
random access at low cost is important.


title: Running CMS software on GRID Testbeds

abstract:
  Starting in the middle of November 2002, the CMS experiment undertook an
evaluation of the European DataGrid Project (EDG) middleware using its event
simulation programs. A joint CMS-EDG task force performed a "stress test" by
submitting a large number of jobs to many distributed sites. The EDG testbed
was complemented with additional CMS-dedicated resources. A total of ~ 10000
jobs consisting of two different computational types were submitted from four
different locations in Europe over a period of about one month. Nine sites were
active, providing integrated resources of more than 500 CPUs and about 5 TB of
disk space (with the additional use of two Mass Storage Systems). Descriptions
of the adopted procedures, the problems encountered and the corresponding
solutions are reported. Results and evaluations of the test, both from the CMS
and the EDG perspectives, are described.


title:
Hot dense capsule implosion cores produced by z-pinch dynamic hohlraum
  radiation

abstract:
  Hot dense capsule implosions driven by z-pinch x-rays have been measured for
the first time. A ~220 eV dynamic hohlraum imploded 1.7-2.1 mm diameter
gas-filled CH capsules which absorbed up to ~20 kJ of x-rays. Argon tracer atom
spectra were used to measure the Te~ 1keV electron temperature and the ne ~ 1-4
x10^23 cm-3 electron density. Spectra from multiple directions provide core
symmetry estimates. Computer simulations agree well with the peak compression
values of Te, ne, and symmetry, indicating reasonable understanding of the
hohlraum and implosion physics.


title:
Observation of Caustics in the Trajectories of Cold Atoms in a Linear
  Magnetic Potential

abstract:
  We have studied the spatial and temporal dynamics of a cold atom cloud in the
conservative force field of a ferromagnetic guide, after laser cooling has been
switched off suddenly. We observe outgoing 'waves' that correspond to caustics
of individual trajectories of trapped atoms. This provides detailed information
on the magnetic field, the energy distribution and the spin states.


title:
Conditions of excitation of magnetospheric convection by the electric
  current generated in the bow shock

abstract:
  This paper analyzes the consequences of electric current generation at the
front of the Bow Shock (BS) and the dependence of the direction of this current
on the IMF. The conditions of this current closure through the body of the
magnetosphere are discussed. It is shown that the process of penetration of the
external current into magnetized plasma has a two-stage character. Initially, a
change in current on the boundary gives rise to a region of surface charge, the
field of which polarizes the near-wall layer with the thickness on the order of
one gyroradius of protons. The polarization process involves the formation of
the displacement current which produces the Ampere force accelerating the
plasma inside the double layer. When the plasma velocity reaches the electric
drift velocity (within a time on the order of the inverse gyrofrequency of
protons), the electric field in this plasma disappears, whereas in a fixed
frame of reference, on the contrary, it reaches equilibrium values. The front
of variation of the electric field penetrates the plasma with the velocity of a
fast magnetosonic wave. A change in the convection velocity field causes a
redistribution of plasma pressure. The appearance of corresponding gradients
signifies the penetration of current into plasma. The gradients are changing
until a new steady state is reached, to which the new convection velocity field
and the new plasma pressure field correspond. This new state is reached in a
time which is estimated.


title:
Analisi dimensionale: due interessanti applicazioni (Dimensional
  analysis: two interesting applications)

abstract:
  Dimensional analysis techniques are used to describe (not only qualitatively)
some interesting features of two specific physical processes: the kinematics of
moving objects on the surface of a planet (e.g. the walking pace of a man on
the Moon) and the run-up process of a tsunami wave approaching the shore.


title:
Characteristics of Aerosol Spectral Optical Depths over Manora Peak,
  Nainital $-$ A High Altitude Station in the Central Himalayas

abstract:
  We present, for the first time, spectral behaviour of aerosol optical depths
(AODs) over Manora Peak, Nainital located at an altitude of $\sim$ 2 km in the
Shivalik ranges of central Himalayas. The observations were carried out using a
Multi-Wavelength solar Radiometer during January to December 2002. The main
results of the study are extremely low AODs during winter, a remarkable
increase to high values in summer and a distinct change in the spectral
dependencies of AODs from a relatively steeper spectra during winter to a
shallower one in summer. During transparent days, the AOD values lie usually
below 0.08 while during dusty (turbid) days, it lies between 0.08 to 0.69 at
0.5 $\mu$m. The average AOD value at 0.5 $\mu$m during winters, particularly in
January and February, is $\sim 0.03\pm0.01$. The mean aerosol extinction law at
Manora Peak during 2002 is best represented by $0.10 \lambda^{-0.61}$. However
during transparent days, which almost covers 40% of the time, it is represented
by $0.02 \lambda^{-0.97}$. This value of wavelength exponent, representing
reduced coarse concentration and presence of fine aerosols, indicates that the
station measures aerosol in the free troposphere at least during part of the
year.


title:
Two-vibron bound states in alpha-helix proteins : the interplay between
  the intramolecular anharmonicity and the strong vibron-phonon coupling

abstract:
  The influence of the intramolecular anharmonicity and the strong
vibron-phonon coupling on the two-vibron dynamics in an $\alpha$-helix protein
is studied within a modified Davydov model. The intramolecular anharmonicity of
each amide-I vibration is considered and the vibron dynamics is described
according to the small polaron approach. A unitary transformation is performed
to remove the intramolecular anharmonicity and a modified Lang-Firsov
transformation is applied to renormalize the vibron-phonon interaction. Then, a
mean field procedure is realized to obtain the dressed anharmonic vibron
Hamiltonian. It is shown that the anharmonicity modifies the vibron-phonon
interaction which results in an enhancement of the dressing effect. In
addition, both the anharmonicity and the dressing favor the occurrence of two
different bound states which the properties strongly depend on the interplay
between the anharmonicity and the dressing. Such a dependence was summarized in
a phase diagram which characterizes the number and the nature of the bound
states as a function of the relevant parameters of the problem. For a
significant anharmonicity, the low frequency bound states describe two vibrons
trapped onto the same amide-I vibration whereas the high frequency bound states
refer to the trapping of the two vibrons onto nearest neighbor amide-I
vibrations.


title: Statistical anisotropy of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

abstract:
  Direct numerical simulations of decaying and forced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
turbulence without and with mean magnetic field are analyzed by higher-order
two-point statistics. The turbulence exhibits statistical anisotropy with
respect to the direction of the local magnetic field even in the case of global
isotropy. A mean magnetic field reduces the parallel-field dynamics while in
the perpendicular direction a gradual transition towards two-dimensional MHD
turbulence is observed with $k^{-3/2}$ inertial-range scaling of the
perpendicular energy spectrum. An intermittency model based on the Log-Poisson
approach, $\zeta_p=p/g^2 +1 -(1/g)^{p/g}$, is able to describe the observed
structure function scalings.


title: Configuration of the ATLAS Trigger System

abstract:
  In this paper a conceptual overview is given of the software foreseen to
configure the ATLAS trigger system. Two functional software prototypes have
been developed to configure the ATLAS Level-1 emulation and the High-Level
Trigger software. Emphasis has been put so far on following a consistent
approach between the two trigger systems and on addressing their requirements,
taking into account the specific use-case of the `Region-of-Interest' mechanism
for the ATLAS Level-2 trigger. In the future the configuration of the two
systems will be combined to ensure a consistent selection configuration for the
entire ATLAS trigger system.


title:
Understanding visual map formation through vortex dynamics of spin
  Hamiltonian models

abstract:
  The pattern formation in orientation and ocular dominance columns is one of
the most investigated problems in the brain. From a known cortical structure,
we build spin-like Hamiltonian models with long-range interactions of the
Mexican hat type. These Hamiltonian models allow a coherent interpretation of
the diverse phenomena in the visual map formation with the help of relaxation
dynamics of spin systems. In particular, we explain various phenomena of
self-organization in orientation and ocular dominance map formation including
the pinwheel annihilation and its dependency on the columnar wave vector and
boundary conditions.


title: Impedances of Tevatron Separators

abstract:
  The impedances of the Tevatron separators are revisited and are found to be
negligibly small in the few hundred MHz region, except for resonances at 22.5
MHz. The latter are contributions from the power cables which may drive
head-tail instabilities if the bunch is long enough.


title: Fluctuation spatial expansion and observational redshifts

abstract:
  Classical determinations of galaxy distances and galaxy recessional
velocities have been generated from luminosity and emission spectrometric data.
The analyses of these galactic spectrometric electromagnetic frequency shifts
have resulted in the Hubble law and are understood as a Doppler effect stemming
from an expansion of space. In the present work, a galaxy-core expansion model
with a time evolving matter and radiation distribution is put forth, leading to
a supplementary treatment of the optical redshift measurements. Einstein's
gravitational equations are assumed to apply within a galaxy-core spatial
domain and, with utilization of a generalized Robertson-Walker-Schwarzschild
metric, are used in order to calculate the evolutionary expansion
characteristics. The galaxy-core model is described as a flat metric, matter
plus radiation, sigma = 1/3, energy distribution. It predicts an early time
density fluctuation collapse, understood to be the formation of a galaxy hole,
and provides an interpretational basis for the experimental data.


title: The solar sail and the mirror

abstract:
  The radiation pressure exerted by incoherent light on diverse surfaces is
examined. The thermodynamic rule, first given by Carnot in 1824, describes the
limitation to the amount of free energy that can be obtained from a source of
thermal energy, and he gave the compelling reason for this rule, that if more
free energy than he had prescribed could ever be extracted, then a heat pump
could use that free energy and re-create all the heat energy that had been
consumed. A perpetual motion machine could then be constructed. Now, 179 years
later, it is proposed to fly a spacecraft that is expected to gain velocity
from the radiation pressure the sunlight is expected to exert on solar sails,
panels of thin plastic sheets, mirror surfaced on the side facing the sun.
However a detailed examination of this proposal shows it to be in direct
conflict with Carnot's rule, and no such pressure can be expected. Either
Carnot's accepted rule is in error, or the solar sail proposal will not work at
all.


title:
Electron rescattering and the fragmentation dynamics of molecules in
  strong optical fields

abstract:
  We have probed the fragmentation dynamics in a bent triatomic molecule,
water, a non-planar molecule, methanol, and a planar ring-structured molecule,
benzene, using 100 fs duration pulses of linearly and circularly polarized,
infrared, intensity-selected laser light. At laser intensities larger than
10$^{15}$ W cm$^{-2}$, the yield of singly and multiply charged atomic
fragments from these molecules is suppressed when the light is circularly
polarized. At lower intensities, the fragment ion yield is not significantly
polarization dependent. This hitherto-unobserved intensity dependent effect of
the polarization state of light on the fragmentation dynamics is rationalized
using a simple electron rescattering model. Circular polarization switches
"off" electron rescattering and leads to suppression of multiple ionization and
molecular fragmentation. Moreover, the degree of suppression is dependent upon
the amount of energy transfer from the optical field to the molecule: the
larger the energy transfer that is required for a particular fragmentation
channel, the more marked is its suppression when circular polarization is used.


title:
FAMOS: A Dynamically Configurable System for Fast Simulation and
  Reconstruction for CMS

abstract:
  Detailed detector simulation and reconstruction of physics objects at the LHC
are very CPU intensive and hence time consuming due to the high energy and
multiplicity of the Monte-Carlo events and the complexity of the detectors. We
present a dynamically configurable system for fast Monte-Carlo simulation and
reconstruction (FAMOS) that has been developed for CMS to allow fast studies of
large samples of Monte-Carlo events. Each single step of the chain -
simulation, digitization and reconstruction, as well as combinations of chain
links can be replaced by modules that sacrifice precision for speed. Fast and
detailed modules have identical interfaces so that a change is fully
transparent for the user.
  Currently, a complete set of the fastest possible implementation, i.e. going
directly from the Monte-Carlo truth to reconstructed objects, has been
implemented. It is about hundred to thousand times faster than the fully
detailed simulation/reconstruction and provides tracks reconstructed by the
inner tracker, clusters in calorimeters and trigger-Lvl1 objects and tracks
reconstructed for the muon system of the CMS detector.


title:
Compressibility Consideration in the Boundary of a Strongly Collapsing
  Bubble

abstract:
  Equations of radial motion of a gas bubble in a compressible viscous liquid
have been modified to account for compressibility at the bubble boundary. A new
bubble boundary equation has been derived, including a new term resulted from
liquid compressibility. The influence of this term has been numerically
investigated using isothermal-adiabatic model for the gas inside the bubble.
The results clearly indicate that, at the end of the collapse, the new term has
a very significant role and its consideration dramatically changes the bubble
characteristics. Moreover, the more intense the collapse is, the more
significant the effect of the new term is. Also, it has been reasoned out that,
the influence of the new term will be established even when the effects of mass
(water vapor) exchange, chemical reactions, and gas dynamics inside the bubble
are taken into account.


title:
Ferroelectric ordering and electroclinic effect in chiral smectic liquid
  crystals

abstract:
  Ferroelectric ordering, the electroclinic effect and chiral smectic C (SmC*)
- smectic A (SmA*) phase transitions in thin planar ferroelectric liquid
crystal (FLC) cells are studied by means of linear electrooptic and second
harmonic generation techniques. The ferroelectric switching is detected in
biased FLC cells by measuring azimuthal dependences of linear and nonlinear
responses. The applied DC-electric field rotates the FLC symmetry axis with
initial and final orientations in the cell plane. Comparative studies of the
switching behavior in reflection and transmission allows to distinguish the
contributions from the bulk and the sub-surface layers of the cell. The
analysis of temperature dependence shows the existence of a strong surface
coupling. The temperature dependent nonlinear polarization shows a critical
behavior corresponding to the superfluid model.


title: High-power doughnut beam generation for atom-funnel experiment

abstract:
  We have generated high power doughnut beam suitable for atom funnel
experiment with the conversion efficiency of about 50 %.


title: Spike sorting in the frequency domain with overlap detection

abstract:
  This paper deals with the problem of extracting the activity of individual
neurons from multi-electrode recordings. Important aspects of this work are: 1)
the sorting is done in two stages - a statistical model of the spikes from
different cells is built and only then are occurrences of these spikes in the
data detected by scanning through the original data, 2) the spike sorting is
done in the frequency domain, 3) strict statistical tests are applied to
determine if and how a spike should be classiffed, 4) the statistical model for
detecting overlaping spike events is proposed, 5) slow dynamics of spike shapes
are tracked during long experiments. Results from the application of these
techniques to data collected from the escape response system of the American
cockroach, Periplaneta americana, are presented.


title: ANTARES Status Report

abstract:
  The ANTARES Collaboration is building a neutrino telescope 2400 m below the
Mediterranean sea close to the Southern French coast. The site is already
linked to the shore station by a 40 km-long electro-optical cable (EOC) which
transmits power and data. A prototype line and an instrumentation line for
monitoring environmental parameters have been successfully deployed and
connected to the EOC via the junction box, using the IFREMER manned submarine.
The Collaboration, after years of dedicated R&D and deployments of prototype
lines, is now ready to deploy the detector starting in spring 2004.


title: Variational RPA for the Mie resonance in jellium

abstract:
  The surface plasmon in simple metal clusters is red-shifted from the Mie
frequency, the energy shift being significantly larger than the usual spill-out
correction. Here we develop a variational approach to the RPA collective
excitations. Using a simple trial form, we obtain analytic expressions for the
energy shift beyond the spill-out contribution. We find that the additional red
shift is proportional to the spill-out correction and can have the same order
of magnitude.


title: With the relativistic velocity addition law through special relativity

abstract:
  It is shown that if we can define a physical quantity with proper character
in a given inertial reference frame (kinematic, dynamic, electromagnetic in its
nature) which transforms when detected from a reference frame relative to which
it moves with velocity $u_x$ as $F=\f{F^o}{\sqrt{1-\f{u_x^2}{c^2}}}$ then we
can derive for it transformation equations following one and the same
procedure, which involves the addition law of relativistic velocities which can
be derived without using the Lorentz transformations. The transformation
equation derived that way, generates the physical quantities $u_xF$ and
$u_x'F'$, for which physicists invent names reflecting theirs physical meaning.


title: The CDF Data Handling System

abstract:
  The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) records proton-antiproton collisions
at center of mass energy of 2.0 TeV at the Tevatron collider. A new collider
run, Run II, of the Tevatron started in April 2001. Increased luminosity will
result in about 1~PB of data recorded on tapes in the next two years. Currently
the CDF experiment has about 260 TB of data stored on tapes. This amount
includes raw and reconstructed data and their derivatives.
  The data storage and retrieval are managed by the CDF Data Handling (DH)
system. This system has been designed to accommodate the increased demands of
the Run II environment and has proven robust and reliable in providing reliable
flow of data from the detector to the end user. This paper gives an overview of
the CDF Run II Data Handling system which has evolved significantly over the
course of this year. An outline of the future direction of the system is given.


title: Precision calculations of atoms with few valence electrons

abstract:
  We discuss the possibility of using pair-equations for the construction of
the effective Hamiltonian $H_{\rm eff}$ for valence electrons of an atom. The
low-energy part of atomic spectrum is found by solving the eigenvalue problem
for $H_{\rm eff}$. In this way it is possible to account efficiently for the
valence-valence and core-valence correlations. We tested this method on a toy
model of a four-electron atom with the core $1s^2$. The spectrum obtained with
$H_{\rm eff}$ for two valence electrons is in a perfect agreement with the full
configuration interaction for all four electrons.


title: Phase Space Manipulation of Cold Free Radical OH Molecules

abstract:
  We report bunching, slowing, and acceleration of a supersonically cooled beam
of diatomic hydroxyl radicals (OH). \textit{In situ} observation of
laser-induced fluorescence along the beam propagation path allows for detailed
characterization of longitudinal phase-space manipulation of OH molecules
through the Stark effect by precisely sequenced inhomogeneous electric fields.


title:
Entropy and information in neural spike trains: Progress on the sampling
  problem

abstract:
  The major problem in information theoretic analysis of neural responses and
other biological data is the reliable estimation of entropy--like quantities
from small samples. We apply a recently introduced Bayesian entropy estimator
to synthetic data inspired by experiments, and to real experimental spike
trains. The estimator performs admirably even very deep in the undersampled
regime, where other techniques fail. This opens new possibilities for the
information theoretic analysis of experiments, and may be of general interest
as an example of learning from limited data.

categories: physics.data-an physics.bio-ph q-bio.NC q-bio.QM


title: FORTRAN-codes for an analysis of the ultrashort pulse propagation

abstract:
  Short description of the FORTRAN-codes for an analysis of the ultrashort
pulse dynamics is presented. We consider: 1) the aberration-less approximation
and the momentum method for the search of the single pulse stability regions in
the laser with the soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode locking; 2) the distributed
complex Ginzburg-Landau model for the same aim; 3) the generalized Schroedinger
equation for the analysis of the femtosecond pulse propagation in the tapered
and photonic crystal fibers.


title: Motion of rotatory molecular motor and chemical reaction rate

abstract:
  We examine the dependence of the physical quantities of the rotatory
molecular motor, such as the rotation velocity and the proton translocation
rate, on the chemical reaction rate using the model based only on diffusion
process. A peculiar behavior of proton translocation is found and the energy
transduction efficiency of the motor protein is enhanced by this behavior. We
give a natural explanation that this behavior is universal when certain
inequalities between chemical reaction rates hold. That may give a clue to
examine whether the motion of the molecular motor is dominated by diffusion
process or not.


title: Quantum excitation-free radiation emission including multiple scattering

abstract:
  In order to increase the luminosity of electron-positron colliders it is
desirable to find a means to reduce the phase-space of the beams. The
transverse cooling of positrons imposed by the quantum excitation-free
radiation emission in a single crystal is considered as a potential route to
achieving ultra-cold beams. An analysis of the problem is presented, including
an evaluation of the contribution from multiple scattering during the passage.
The analysis shows that an emittance reduction may be achieved in special
cases, but in general the emittance will increase as a result of the multiple
scattering.


title: Surrogate cloud fields with measured cloud properties

abstract:
  This paper describes two new methods to generate 2D and 3D cloud fields based
on 1D and 2D ground based profiler meas-urements. These cloud fields share
desired statistical properties with real cloud fields. As they, however, are
similar but not the same as real clouds, we call them surrogate clouds. One
important advantage of the new methods is that the amplitude distribution of
cloud liquid water is also exactly determined by the measurement: The surrogate
clouds made with the classi-cal methods such as the Fourier method and the
Bounded Cascade method are Gaussian and 'log-normal-like', respectively. Our
first new method iteratively creates a time series with a measured amplitude
distribution and power spectrum. Our sec-ond method uses an evolutionary search
algorithm to generate cloud fields with practically arbitrary constraints.
These clouds will be used to study the relation between radiation and cloud
structure.


title: An Approach to the Statistics of Turbulence

abstract:
  A calculational approach in fluid turbulence is presented. Use is made of the
attracting nature of the fluid-dynamic dynamical system. An approximate
approach is offerred that effectively propagates the statistics in time. Loss
of sensitivity to an initial probability density functional and generation of
steady-state statistical effects is suggested.


title: Cloud boundary height measurements using lidar and radar

abstract:
  Using only lidar or radar an accurate cloud boundary height estimate is often
not possible. The combination of lidar and radar can give a reliable cloud
boundary estimate in a much broader range of cases. However, also this
combination with standard methods still can not measure the cloud boundaries in
all cases. This will be illustrated with data from the Clouds and Radiation
measurement campaigns, CLARA. Rain is a problem: the radar has problems to
measure the small cloud droplets in the presence of raindrops. Similarly, few
large particles below cloud base can obscure the cloud base in radar
measurements. And the radar reflectivity can be very low at the cloud base of
water clouds or in large regions of ice clouds, due to small particles.
Multiple cloud layers and clouds with specular reflections can pose problems
for lidar. More advanced measurement techniques are suggested to solve these
problems. An angle scanning lidar can, for example, detect specular
reflections, while using information from the radars Doppler velocity spectrum
may help to detect clouds during rain.


title:
Polarization of the Twilight Sky: Measurements, Empirical Model,
  Radiative Transfer Simulation and Application to Aerosol Profile Retrieval

abstract:
  Polarimetric observations of the twilight sky are effective for the
investigations of scattering properties of the atmosphere at different
altitudes. Modern computer technique allows to reduce the influence of multiple
scattering on the twilight sky background which is necessary for the aerosol
investigations. In this paper the results of polarimetric observations of the
twilight sky are discussed and compared with the numerical analysis by MCC++
model for different models of atmospheric aerosol. As it was found, the model
of urban troposheric and background stratospheric aerosol shows the best
agreement with observed polarimetric properties of the twilight sky.


title:
In search of the electron dipole moment: Ab initio calculations on
  ^207PbO excited states

abstract:
  We report ab initio correlated relativistic calculations of the effective
electric field W_d acting on the electron in two excited electronic states of
PbO, required for extracting the electric dipole moment of the electron from an
ongoing experiment at Yale, which has the potential of improving accuracy for
this elusive property by several orders of magnitude. The generalized
relativistic effective core potential and relativistic coupled cluster methods
are used, followed by nonvariational one-center restoration of the
four-component wavefunction in the heavy atom core. W_d is -3.2\times 10^24
Hz/ecm for the a(1) state and -9.7\times 10^24 Hz/ecm for the B(1) state.
Comparison of calculated and experimental values of the hyperfine constant
A_{\parallel} provides an accuracy check for the calculation.


title: Physical Mechanism of Nuclear Reactions at Low Energies

abstract:
  The physical mechanism of nuclear reactions at low energies caused by spatial
extension of electron is considered. Nuclear reactions of this type represent
intra-electronic processes, more precisely, the processes occurring inside the
area of basic localization of electron. Distinctive characteristics of these
processes are defined by interaction of the own field produced by electrically
charged matter of electron with free nuclei. Heavy nucleus, appearing inside
the area of basic localization of electron, is inevitably deformed because of
interaction of protons with the adjoining layers of electronic cloud, which may
cause nuclear fission. If there occur "inside" electron two or greater number
of light nuclei, an attractive force appears between the nuclei which may
result in the fusion of nuclei. The intra-electronic mechanism of nuclear
reactions is of a universal character. For its realization it is necessary to
have merely a sufficiently intensive stream of free electrons, i.e. heavy
electric current, and as long as sufficiently great number of free nuclei. This
mechanism may operate only at small energies of translational motion of the
centers of mass of nuclei and electron. Because of the existence of simple
mechanism of nuclear reactions at low energies, nuclear reactor turns out to be
an atomic delayed-action bomb which may blow up by virtue of casual reasons, as
it has taken place, apparently, in Chernobyl. The use of cold nuclear reactions
for production of energy will provide mankind with cheap, practically
inexhaustible, and non-polluting energy sources.


title: Information Field and Superluminal Communication

abstract:
  The field of scalar and vector potentials in electrodynamics is shown to
represent an informational field capable of superluminally transmitting a
signal (information) with no energy and momentum transfer. This conclusion
strictly follows from Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic field interacting
with electric charges and currents in vacuum, without resort to any additional
hypotheses. That superluminal communication is possible is seen from the fact
that the own field, generated by particles and inseparable from them,
transforms the environment into a special physical medium which is capable to
instantaneously transfer a signal (information) about any changes, happening to
a particle in the region of its basic localization, to arbitrarily large
distances. The phenomenon of superluminal communication is caused by the
non-local connection of scalar and vector potentials with the electric and
magnetic field strengths. The basis for the mechanism of superluminal
communication considered in this work is the Aharonov-Bohm effect indicative of
the field of electromagnetic potentials as a real physical field, which
directly influences the behaviour of electron waves. The conclusion is made
that in quantum systems superluminal signals occur constantly, in any quantum
processes. The occurrence of superluminal signals is due to the space-time
symmetry breaking of a special kind, consisting in that the equations for
potentials do not possess relativistic invariance though Maxwell's equations
for the field strengths are Lorentz-invariant. The results presented do not
contradict the physical principles underlying special relativity and confirm
the fundamental conclusion, made for the first time by de Broglie, that gauge
invariance is not an absolute law in physics


title: The Change of the Course of Time in a Force Field and Imponderability

abstract:
  It is shown that the force in relativistic mechanics is not only the cause of
acceleration of particle relative to an inertial frame of reference, but also
the cause of change of the course of time along the particle's trajectory.
Therein lies the physical content of the dynamical principle underlying the
special theory of relativity (relativistic mechanics). The general formula for
the relative course of time between the points lying on the trajectory of
motion of particle under the action of a force field in an inertial reference
frame is derived. The applications of the theory developed to homogeneous
fields - to the field of gravity and electromagnetic field, and also to the
gravitational field produced by a point mass particle are considered. Physical
properties of the state of imponderability of particle in an external force
field are investigated. It is noted that the change in the course of time in a
force field is in no way connected with the change in space-time metric and is
a direct consequence of the causality principle of relativistic mechanics.


title:
Combined first--principles calculation and neural--network correction
  approach as a powerful tool in computational physics and chemistry

abstract:
  Despite of their success, the results of first-principles quantum mechanical
calculations contain inherent numerical errors caused by various
approximations. We propose here a neural-network algorithm to greatly reduce
these inherent errors. As a demonstration, this combined quantum mechanical
calculation and neural-network correction approach is applied to the evaluation
of standard heat of formation $\DelH$ and standard Gibbs energy of formation
$\DelG$ for 180 organic molecules at 298 K. A dramatic reduction of numerical
errors is clearly shown with systematic deviations being eliminated. For
examples, the root--mean--square deviation of the calculated $\DelH$ ($\DelG$)
for the 180 molecules is reduced from 21.4 (22.3) kcal$\cdotp$mol$^{-1}$ to 3.1
(3.3) kcal$\cdotp$mol$^{-1}$ for B3LYP/6-311+G({\it d,p}) and from 12.0 (12.9)
kcal$\cdotp$mol$^{-1}$ to 3.3 (3.4) kcal$\cdotp$mol$^{-1}$ for
B3LYP/6-311+G(3{\it df},2{\it p}) before and after the neural-network
correction.


title: Development of an Interface for Using EGS4 Physics Processes in Geant4

abstract:
  As simulation system, the variety of physics processes implemented is one of
the most important functionalities. In that sense, Geant4 is one of the most
powerful simulation toolkits. Its flexibility and expansibility brought by
object-oriented approach make it possible for us to easily assimilate external
simulation packages into the Geant4 system as modules of physics processes. We
developed an interface for using EGS4, which is another of the most well-known
simulation package for electromagnetic physics, in Geant4. By means of this
interface, EGS4 users can share Geant4 powerful resources, such as geometry,
tracking, etc. It is also important that it can provide a common environment
for comparison tests between EGS4 and Geant4. In this paper, we describe our
design and implementation of the interface.


title:
Reduced micro-deformation attenuation in large-mode area photonic
  crystal fibers for visible applications

abstract:
  We consider large-mode area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications
where micro-deformation induced attenuation becomes a potential problem when
the effective area A_eff is sufficiently large compared to lambda^2. We argue
how a slight increase in fiber diameter D can be used in screening the
high-frequency components of the micro-deformation spectrum mechanically and we
confirm this experimentally for both 15 and 20 micron core fibers. For typical
bending-radii (R~16 cm) the operating band-width increases by ~3-400 nm to the
low-wavelength side.


title: Nonholonomic Constraints and Voronec's Equations

abstract:
  Is it allowed, in the context of the Lagrange multiplier formalism, to assume
that nonholonomic constraints are already in effect while setting up Lagrange's
function? This procedure is successfully applied in a recent book [L. N. Hand
and J. D Finch, {\it Analytical Mechanics}] to the problem of the rolling
penny, but it does not work in general, as we show by means of a
counterexample. It turns out that in many cases the use of nonholonomic
constraints in the process of construction of the Lagrangian is allowed, but
the correct equations of motion are the little known Voronec's equations.

categories: physics.ed-ph gr-qc hep-th physics.gen-ph


title: Physical Framework of Quantization Problem

abstract:
  The paper presents shortly the geometric approach to the problem of a general
quantization formalism, both physically meaningful and mathematically
consistent.


title: Acoustic "distributed source" mixing of smallest fluid volumes

abstract:
  Acoustically driven mixing of small fluid volumes is reported. Using surface
acoustic waves on a mixer chip, conversion of those into bulk waves, and
employing wave guiding effects enables us to distribute a set of "virtual
sources" for acoustic streaming over large areas. we demonstrate the
applicability of our mixing technique to micro array applications, for mixing
of individual wells in a micro titer plate, and other state-of-the-art
hybridization assays.


title: Nonlinear Damping of the 'Linear' Pendulum

abstract:
  This study shows that typical pendulum dynamics is far from the simple
equation of motion presented in textbooks. A reasonably complete damping model
must use nonlinear terms in addition to the common linear viscous expression.
In some cases a nonlinear substitute for assumed linear damping may be more
appropriate. Even for exceptional cases where all nonlinearity may be ignored,
it is shown that viscous dissipation involves subtleties that can lead to huge
errors when ignored.


title:
Use of the European Data Grid software in the framework of the BaBar
  distributed computing model

abstract:
  We present an evaluation of the European Data Grid software in the framework
of the BaBar experiment. Two kinds of applications have been considered: first,
a typical data analysis on real data producing physics n-tuples, and second, a
distributed Monte-Carlo production on a computational grid. Both applications
will be crucial in a near future in order to make an optimal use of the
distributed computing resources available throughout the collaboration.


title: Remarks on the Compatibility of Opposite Arrows of Time

abstract:
  I argue that opposite arrows of time, while being logically possible, cannot
realistically be assumed to exist during one and the same epoch of this
universe.


title: The POOL Data Storage, Cache and Conversion Mechanism

abstract:
  The POOL data storage mechanism is intended to satisfy the needs of the LHC
experiments to store and analyze the data from the detector response of
particle collisions at the LHC proton-proton collider. Both the data rate and
the data volumes will largely differ from the past experience. The POOL data
storage mechanism is intended to be able to cope with the experiment's
requirements applying a flexible multi technology data persistency mechanism.
The developed technology independent approach is flexible enough to adopt new
technologies, take advantage of existing schema evolution mechanisms and allows
users to access data in a technology independent way. The framework consists of
several components, which can be individually adopted and integrated into
existing experiment frameworks.


title: Physics Analysis Expert PAX: First Applications

abstract:
  PAX (Physics Analysis Expert) is a novel, C++ based toolkit designed to
assist teams in particle physics data analysis issues. The core of PAX are
event interpretation containers, holding relevant information about and
possible interpretations of a physics event. Providing this new level of
abstraction beyond the results of the detector reconstruction programs, PAX
facilitates the buildup and use of modern analysis factories. Class structure
and user command syntax of PAX are set up to support expert teams as well as
newcomers in preparing for the challenges expected to arise in the data
analysis at future hadron colliders.


title:
The full detector simulation for the Atlas experiment: status and
  outlook

abstract:
  The simulation of the ATLAS detector is a major challenge, given the
complexity of the detector and the demanding environment of the LHC. The
apparatus, one of the biggest and most complex ever designed, requires a
detailed, flexible and, if possible, fast simulation which is needed already
today to deal with questions related to design optimization, to issues raised
by staging scenarios, and of course to enable detailed physics studies to lay
the basis for the first physics discoveries. Scalability and robustness stand
out as the most critical issues that are to be faced in the implementation of
such a simulation. In this paper we present the status of the present
simulation and the adopted solutions in terms of speed optimization,
centralization of services, framework facilities and persistency solutions.
Emphasis is put on the global performance when the different detector
components are collected together in a full and detailed simulation. The
reference tool adopted is Geant4.


title:
Reconstruction of electrons with the Gaussian-sum filter in the CMS
  tracker at LHC

abstract:
  The bremsstrahlung energy loss distribution of electrons propagating in
matter is highly non Gaussian. Because the Kalman filter relies solely on
Gaussian probability density functions, it might not be an optimal
reconstruction algorithm for electron tracks. A Gaussian-sum filter (GSF)
algorithm for electron track reconstruction in the CMS tracker has therefore
been developed. The basic idea is to model the bremsstrahlung energy loss
distribution by a Gaussian mixture rather than a single Gaussian. It is shown
that the GSF is able to improve the momentum resolution of electrons compared
to the standard Kalman filter. The momentum resolution and the quality of the
estimated error are studied with various types of mixture models of the energy
loss distribution.


title: The Flex-Pendulum -- Basis for an Improved Timepiece

abstract:
  A compound pendulum of simple geometry was built from a lightweight rod to
which a pair of masses are clamped, one above and the other below the axis of
rotation. By making the position of the upper mass variable, it was found that
the characteristics of this pendulum can be altered dramatically. A theoretical
model of the instrument is presented, which is in reasonable agreement with
experimental observations. From the model it is shown that isochronism of the
flex-pendulum can be significantly greater than that of the simple pendulum


title: Detector Description Framework in LHCb

abstract:
  The Gaudi architecture and framework are designed to provide a common
infrastructure and environment for simulation, filtering, reconstruction and
analysis applications. In this context, a Detector Description Service was
developed in LHCb in order to also provide easy and coherent access to the
description of the experimental apparatus. This service centralizes every
information about the detector, including geometry, materials, alignment,
calibration, structure and controls. From the proof of concept given by the
first functional implementation of this service late 2000, the Detector
Description Service has grown and has become one of the major components of the
LHCb software, shared among all applications, including simulation,
reconstruction, analysis and visualization.
  We describe here the full and functional implementation of the service. We
stress the easiness of customization and extension of the detector description
by the user, on the seamless integration with condition databases in order to
handle time dependent data and on the choice of XML as a persistency back-end
for LHCb Detector data. We show how the detector description can be shared but
still contains application specific data and keeps at the same time several
levels of granularity. We present several external tools which provide
additional value to the Detector Description Service like a dedicated, easy to
use XML editor and different geometry checkers. We finally give hints on how
this service could evolve to be part of a common effort between all LHC
experiments that would aim at defining common Detector description tools at the
level of the LCG project.


title: Lattice QCD Calculations on Commodity Clusters at DESY

abstract:
  Lattice Gauge Theory is an integral part of particle physics that requires
high performance computing in the multi-Tflops regime. These requirements are
motivated by the rich research program and the physics milestones to be reached
by the lattice community. Over the last years the enormous gains in processor
performance, memory bandwidth, and external I/O bandwidth for parallel
applications have made commodity clusters exploiting PCs or workstations also
suitable for large Lattice Gauge Theory applications. For more than one year
two clusters have been operated at the two DESY sites in Hamburg and Zeuthen,
consisting of 32 resp. 16 dual-CPU PCs, equipped with Intel Pentium 4 Xeon
processors. Interconnection of the nodes is done by way of Myrinet. Linux was
chosen as the operating system. In the course of the projects benchmark
programs for architectural studies were developed. The performance of the
Wilson-Dirac Operator (also in an even-odd preconditioned version) as the inner
loop of the Lattice QCD (LQCD) algorithms plays the most important role in
classifying the hardware basis to be used. Using the SIMD Streaming Extensions
(SSE/SSE2) on Intel's Pentium 4 Xeon CPUs give promising results for both the
single CPU and the parallel version. The parallel performance, in addition to
the CPU power and the memory throughput, is nevertheless strongly influenced by
the behavior of hardware components like the PC chip-set and the communication
interfaces. The paper covers the physics motivation for using PC clusters as
well as a system description, operating experiences, and benchmark results for
various hardware.


title: CMS Data Analysis: Current Status and Future Strategy

abstract:
  We present the current status of CMS data analysis architecture and describe
work on future Grid-based distributed analysis prototypes. CMS has two main
software frameworks related to data analysis: COBRA, the main framework, and
IGUANA, the interactive visualisation framework. Software using these
frameworks is used today in the world-wide production and analysis of CMS data.
We describe their overall design and present examples of their current use with
emphasis on interactive analysis. CMS is currently developing remote analysis
prototypes, including one based on Clarens, a Grid-enabled client-server tool.
Use of the prototypes by CMS physicists will guide us in forming a
Grid-enriched analysis strategy. The status of this work is presented, as is an
outline of how we plan to leverage the power of our existing frameworks in the
migration of CMS software to the Grid.


title: Simulation in ALICE

abstract:
  ALICE, the experiment dedicated to the study of heavy ion collisions at the
LHC, uses an object-oriented framework for simulation, reconstruction and
analysis (AliRoot) based on ROOT. Here, we describe the general ALICE
simulation strategy and those components of the framework related to
simulation. Two main requirements have driven the development of the simulation
components. First, the possibility to run different transport codes with the
same user code for geometry and detector response has led to the development of
the Virtual Monte Carlo concept. Second, simulation has to provide tools to
efficiently study events ranging from low-multiplicity pp collisions to Pb-Pb
collisions with up to 80000 primary particles per event. This has led to the
development of a variety of collaborating generator classes and specific
classes for event merging.


title: Data Acquisition Software for CMS HCAL Testbeams

abstract:
  Although CMS will not start operation for several years, many subdetector
groups have active testbeam programs involving final or near-final electronics.
The high-bandwidth electronics require the development of new DAQ systems
including hardware and software. This paper presents the design and performance
of the DAQ software used for the summer 2002 HCAL testbeam at CERN. This system
successfully acquired over 80M testbeam events, running at rate of 200-1000 Hz.
The paper also describes some of the developments made for the 2003 testbeam,
including the integration of the CMS xDAQ framework.


title: Vacuum condensates and `ether-drift' experiments

abstract:
  The idea of a `condensed' vacuum state is generally accepted in modern
elementary particle physics. We argue that this should motivate a new
generation of precise `ether-drift' experiments with present-day technology.


title: Deterministic instabilities in the magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  The cloud of cold atoms obtained from a magneto-optical trap is known to
exhibit two types of instabilities in the regime of high atomic densities:
stochastic instabilities and deterministic instabilities. In the present paper,
the experimentally observed deterministic dynamics is described extensively.
Three different behaviors are distinguished. All are cyclic, but not
necessarily periodic. Indeed, some instabilities exhibit a cyclic behavior with
an erratic return time. A one-dimensional stochastic model taking into account
the shadow effect is shown to be able to reproduce the experimental behavior,
linking the instabilities to a several bifurcations. Erraticity of some of the
regimes is shown to be induced by noise.


title: Calibration Infrastructure for the GLAST LAT

abstract:
  The GLAST LAT calibration infrastructure is designed to accommodate a wide
range of time-varying data types, including at a minimum hardware status bits,
conversion constants, and alignment for the GLAST LAT instrument and its
prototypes. The system will support persistent XML and ROOT data to begin with;
other physical formats will be added if necessary. In addition to the "bulk
data", each data set will have associated with it a row in a rdbms table
containing metadata, such as timestamps, data format, pointer to the location
of the bulk data, etc., which will be used to identify and locate the
appropriate data set for a particular application.
  As GLAST uses the Gaudi framework for event processing, the Calibration
Infrastructure makes use of several Gaudi elements and concepts, such as
conversion services, converters and data objects and implements the prescribed
Gaudi interfaces (IDetDataSvc, IValidity, ..). This insures that calibration
data will always be valid and appropriate for the event being processed. The
persistent representation of a calibration dataset as two physical pieces in
different formats complicates the conversion process somewhat: two cooperating
conversion services are involved in the conversion of any single dataset.


title: Architecture of the ATLAS High Level Trigger Event Selection Software

abstract:
  The ATLAS High Level Trigger (HLT) consists of two selection steps: the
second level trigger and the event filter. Both will be implemented in
software, running on mostly commodity hardware. Both levels have a coherent
approach to event selection, so a common core software framework has been
designed to maximize this coherency, while allowing sufficient flexibility to
meet the different interfaces and requirements of the two different levels. The
approach is extended further to allow the software to run in an off-line
simulation and reconstruction environment for the purposes of development. This
paper describes the architecture and high level design of the software.


title: A unified model of particle mass

abstract:
  The quark masses evaluated by the Particle Data Group are consistent with
terms in a geometric progression of mass values descending from the Planck
Mass. The common ratio of the sequence is 2/pi. The quarks occupy the
'principal' levels of the mass spectrum, characterised by a new quantum number,
n. Hadrons occupy mass sub-levels, characterised by fractional values of n. The
quark masses of the model are used to formulate hadron mass construction
equations based on the masses of neutral precursor particles. Hadron mass
partnerships occur, in which mass differences arising from differences in spin,
isospin and isospin projection are equal to the masses of principal levels.
Mass partnerships also occur between charged leptons and pseudoscalar mesons.


title: How to derive and compute 1,648 diagrams

abstract:
  We present the first calculation for many-electron atoms complete through
fourth order of many-body perturbation theory. Owing to an overwhelmingly large
number of underlying diagrams, we developed a suite of symbolic algebra tools
to automate derivation and coding. We augment all-order single-double
excitation method with 1,648 omitted fourth-order diagrams and compute
amplitudes of principal transitions in Na. The resulting ab initio relativistic
electric-dipole amplitudes are in an excellent agreement with 0.05%-accurate
experimental values. Analysis of previously unmanageable classes of diagrams
provides a useful guide to a design of even more accurate, yet practical
many-body methods.


title:
Induced-charge Electrokinetic Phenomena: Theory and Microfluidic
  Applications

abstract:
  We give a general, physical description of ``induced-charge electro-osmosis''
(ICEO), the nonlinear electrokinetic slip at a polarizable surface, in the
context of some new techniques for microfluidic pumping and mixing. ICEO
generalizes ``AC electro-osmosis'' at micro-electrode arrays to various
dielectric and conducting structures in weak DC or AC electric fields. The
basic effect produces micro-vortices to enhance mixing in microfluidic devices,
while various broken symmetries -- controlled potential, irregular shape,
non-uniform surface properties, and field gradients -- can be exploited to
produce streaming flows. Although we emphasize the qualitative picture of ICEO,
we also briefly describe the mathematical theory (for thin double layers and
weak fields) and apply it to a metal cylinder with a dielectric coating in a
suddenly applied DC field.


title:
A New Implementation of the Region of Interest Strategy for the ATLAS
  Second Level Trigger

abstract:
  Among the many challenges presented by the future ATLAS detector at the LHC
are the high data taking rate and volume and the derivation of a rapid trigger
decision with limited resources. To address this challenge within the ATLAS
second level trigger system, a Region-of-Interest mechanism has been adopted
which dramatically reduces the relevant fiducial volume necessary to be readout
and processed to small regions guided by the hardware-based first level
trigger. Software has been developed to allow fast translation between
arbitrary geometric regions and identifiers of small collections of the event
data. This facilitates on-demand data retrieval and collection building. The
system is optimized to minimize the amount of data transferred and unnecessary
building of complex objects. Details of the design and implementation are
presented along with preliminary performance results.


title:
Dynamics in a cluster under the influence of intense femtosecond hard
  x-ray pulses

abstract:
  In this paper we examine the behavior of small cluster of atoms in a short
(10-50 fs) very intense hard x-ray (10 keV) pulse. We use numerical modeling
based on the non-relativistic classical equation of motion. Quantum processes
are taken into account by the respective cross sections. We show that there is
a Coulomb explosion, which has a different dynamics than one finds in classical
laser driven cluster explosions. We discuss the consequences of our results to
single molecule imaging by the free electron laser pulses.


title: AliEn - EDG Interoperability in ALICE

abstract:
  AliEn (ALICE Environment) is a GRID-like system for large scale job
submission and distributed data management developed and used in the context of
ALICE, the CERN LHC heavy-ion experiment. With the aim of exploiting upcoming
Grid resources to run AliEn-managed jobs and store the produced data, the
problem of AliEn-EDG interoperability was addressed and an in-terface was
designed. One or more EDG (European Data Grid) User Interface machines run the
AliEn software suite (Cluster Monitor, Storage Element and Computing Element),
and act as interface nodes between the systems. An EDG Resource Broker is seen
by the AliEn server as a single Computing Element, while the EDG storage is
seen by AliEn as a single, large Storage Element; files produced in EDG sites
are registered in both the EDG Replica Catalogue and in the AliEn Data
Catalogue, thus ensuring accessibility from both worlds. In fact, both
registrations are required: the AliEn one is used for the data management, the
EDG one to guarantee the integrity and access to EDG produced data. A prototype
interface has been successfully deployed using the ALICE AliEn Server and the
EDG and DataTAG Testbeds.


title: Event Data Definition in LHCb

abstract:
  We present the approach used for defining the event object model for the LHCb
experiment. This approach is based on a high level modelling language, which is
independent of the programming language used in the current implementation of
the event data processing software. The different possibilities of object
modelling languages are evaluated, and the advantages of a dedicated model
based on XML over other possible candidates are shown. After a description of
the language itself, we explain the benefits obtained by applying this approach
in the description of the event model of an experiment such as LHCb. Examples
of these benefits are uniform and coherent mapping of the object model to the
implementation language across the experiment software development teams, easy
maintenance of the event model, conformance to experiment coding rules, etc.
  The description of the object model is parsed by means of a so called
front-end which allows to feed several back-ends. We give an introduction to
the model itself and to the currently implemented back-ends which produce
information like programming language specific implementations of event objects
or meta information about these objects. Meta information can be used for
introspection of objects at run-time which is essential for functionalities
like object persistency or interactive analysis. This object introspection
package for C++ has been adopted by the LCG project as the starting point for
the LCG object dictionary that is going to be developed in common for the LHC
experiments.
  The current status of the event object modelling and its usage in LHCb are
presented and the prospects of further developments are discussed.