title:
Concept of Powerful Multistage Coaxial Cyclotron for Pulsed and
  Continuous Beam Production

abstract:
  The concept of large-radius multistage coaxial cyclotrons having separated
orbits is described, to generate proton beams of 120-2000 MeV energy at tens of
GW pulsed and hundreds of MW in continuous beam power operation. Accelerated
beam losses must be less than 0.1 W/m for the intercepted average beam power
linear density. The concept is inherently configured to actively compensate the
longitudinal and transverse space charge expansion in beam bunches. These are
based on (1) actively varying the bunch acceleration equilibrium phase while
maintaining isochronism, independently for each cyclotron turns; (2)
independently changing the acceleration voltage for each turn together with
orbit corrections that preserve isochronism; (3) independently changing the
transverse betatron oscillation tune shift, to assure non-resonant operation.
Also, (4) sextupole lenses are included to compensate for chromaticity effects.
Moreover, the concept is based on optimum uses of practical successful results
so far achieved in beam acceleration and storage techniques. This accelerator
can be used to deliver a pulsed intense source of neutrons without the use of
storage rings, and to drive the different transmutation technologies. As an
example of such a cyclotron system, we describe our approach of accelerating
single-bunch proton beams at up to 1 GeV energy, with pulsed beam power of 80
GW and bunch duration of 2 ns. The exemplar cyclotron accelerator system is
configured to be located in the shielded structure of the 6-GeV Yerevan
Electron Synchrotron. The cost of such a cyclotron system is estimated to be
approximately 40,000,000 US dollars, if implemented in Armenia at substantially
reduced labor costs.


title: Excitation Theory for Space-Dispersive Active Media Waveguides

abstract:
  A unified electrodynamic approach to the guided-wave excitation theory is
generalized to the waveguiding structures containing a hypothetical
space-dispersive medium with drifting charge carriers possessing simultaneously
elastic, piezoelectric and magnetic properties. Substantial features of our
electrodynamic approach are: (i) the allowance for medium losses and (ii) the
separation of potential fields peculiar to the slow quasi-static waves. It is
shown that the orthogonal complementary fields appearing inside the external
source region are just associated with a contribution of the potential fields
inherent in exciting sources. Taking account of medium losses converts the
usual orthogonality relation into a novel form called the quasi-orthogonality
relation. It is found that the separation of potential fields reveals the fine
structure of interaction between the exciting sources and mode eigenfields: in
addition to the exciting currents interacting with the curl fields, the
exciting charges and the double charge (surface dipole) layers appear to
interact with the quasi-static potentials and the displacement currents,
respectively.


title: Fock's theory of hydrogen atom and quantum space

abstract:
  It is shown that V.A.Fock's theory of hydrogen atom gives an example of the
non-relativistic Snyder-like Quantum Geometry (QG).


title:
Dynamic and geometric alignment of CS_2 in intense laser fields of
  picosecond and femtosecond duration

abstract:
  CS$_2$ is identified as a molecule for which distinction can be made between
dynamic and geometric alignment induced by intense laser fields. Measured
anisotropic angular distributions of fragment ions arise from (i) dynamic
alignment of the S-C-S axes along the laser polarization vector for 35-ps laser
pulses and (ii) geometric alignment due to an angle-dependent ionization rate
in the case of 100-fs pulses. Results of classical calculations of the
alignment dynamics support our observations. By comparing mass spectra obtained
with linearly- and circularly-polarized light it is not possible to distinguish
between dynamic and geometric alignment.
  33.80.Rv, 33.90.+h, 42.50.Vk


title: Ohm's law revision

abstract:
  The standard ohmic measurements by means of two extra leads contain an
additional thermal correction to resistance. The current results in
heating(cooling) at first(second) sample contact due to Peltier effect. The
contacts temperatures are different. The measured voltage is the sum of the
ohmic voltage swing and Peltier effect induced thermopower which is linear on
current. As a result, the thermal correction to resistance measured exists at
$I\to 0$. The correction should be in comparison with ohmic resistance. Above
some critical frequency dependent on thermal inertial effects the thermal
correction disappears.


title: Extended Gaussian wave packet dynamics

abstract:
  We examine an extension to the theory of Gaussian wave packet dynamics in a
one-dimensional potential by means of a sequence of time dependent displacement
and squeezing transformations. Exact expressions for the quantum dynamics are
found, and relationships are explored between the squeezed system, Gaussian
wave packet dynamics, the time dependent harmonic oscillator, and wave packet
dynamics in a Gauss-Hermite basis. Expressions are given for the matrix
elements of the potential in some simple cases. Several examples are given,
including the propagation of a non-Gaussian initial state in a Morse potential.


title: Microscopic discontinuity of fluids

abstract:
  We reveal that realistic fluids generate microscopic-level discontinuity
constantly and the discontinuity spreads out with motion of particles rather
rapidly and widely. These things cannot be treated by the standard kinetic
equations, and thus the existing fluid theories, macroscopic ones and
microscopic ones, need to be revised considerably.


title: Winning Over Future Scientists

abstract:
  A review of existing pre-college science programs for young women in high
school is presented,with emphasis on the University of Rochester Pre-College
Experience in Physics summer program for 9th and 10th grade high school women
(PREP-CMS). A new model for such programs is proposed.


title:
The Energetic Implications of the Time Discretisation in Implementations
  of the A.L.E. Equations

abstract:
  A class of A.L.E. time discretisations which inherit key energetic properties
(nonlinear dissipation in the absence of forcing and long-term stability under
conditions of time dependent loading), irrespective of the time increment
employed, is established in this work. These properties are intrinsic to real
flows and the conventional Navier-Stokes equations.
  A description of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid, which reconciles the
differences between the various schools of A.L.E. thought in the literature is
derived for the purposes of this investigation. The issue of whether these
equations automatically inherit the afore mentioned energetic properties must
first be resolved. In this way natural notions of nonlinear, exponential-type
dissipation in the absence of forcing and long-term stability under conditions
of time dependent loading are also formulated.
  The findings of this analysis have profound consequences for the use of
certain classes of finite difference schemes in the context of deforming
references. It is significant that many algorithms presently in use do not
automatically inherit the fundamental qualitative features of the dynamics.
  The main conclusions are drawn on in the simulation of a driven cavity flow,
a driven cavity flow with various, included rigid bodies, a die-swell problem,
and a Stokes second order wave. The improved, second order accuracy of a new
scheme for the linearised approximation of the convective term is proved for
the purposes of these simulations. A somewhat novel method to generate finite
element meshes automatically about included rigid bodies, and which involves
finite element mappings, is also described.

categories: physics.flu-dyn physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph physics.geo-ph


title: Incipient Motion Criteria for a Rigid Sediment Grain on a Rigid Surface

abstract:
  Criteria for the incipient motion of a rigid body initially resting on a
rigid surface are formulated from first principles in this work. A modified
Coulomb friction model and an associated distribution of reaction forces are
proposed. There exists a surprisingly large category of general motions,
however, which subscribe to a more conventional analysis; an analysis made
possible by identifying so-called ``significant reaction surfaces''. In this
way a model which caters for the majority of combined translations and
rotations is devised. Some introductry results demonstrate the accuracy with
which fluids can be numerically modelled for the purposes of entrainment. This
work is an extension of previous work by the same author.

categories: physics.geo-ph physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph physics.flu-dyn


title:
Using Rigorous Ray Tracing to Incorporate Reflection into the Parabolic
  Approximation

abstract:
  We present a parabolic approximation that incorporates reflection. With this
approximation, there is no need to solve the parabolic equation for a coupled
pair of solutions consisting of the incident and reflected waves. Rather, this
approximation uses a synthetic wave whose spectral components manifest the
incident and reflected waves.


title: The Reason for the Efficiency of the Pian-Sumihara Basis

abstract:
  A logical explanation as to why the choice of the Pian-Sumihara basis (as a
linear basis to approximate stress) leads to greater efficiency in enhanced
strain problems, is presented. An Airy stress function and the consequent
selective simplification resulting from the differentiation of an implied,
single, parent approximating polynomial, are the essence of this argument.


title: Reconnection rate for the steady-state Petschek model

abstract:
  Reconnection rate is found for the canonical simplest case of steady-state
two-dimensional symmetric reconnection in an incompressible plasma by matching
of outer Petschek solution and internal diffusion region solution. The
reconnection rate obtained naturally incorporates both Sweet-Parker and
Petschek regimes, the latter seems to be possible only for the case with
strongly localized resistivity.


title: Quasi-Chemical Theory and Implicit Solvent Models for Simulations

abstract:
  A statistical thermodynamic development is given of a new implicit solvent
model that avoids the traditional system size limitations of computer
simulation of macromolecular solutions with periodic boundary conditions. This
implicit solvent model is based upon the quasi-chemical approach, distinct from
the common integral equation trunk of the theory of liquid solutions. The
physical content of this theory is the hypothesis that a small set of solvent
molecules are decisive for these solvation problems. A detailed derivation of
the quasi-chemical theory escorts the development of this proposal. The
numerical application of the quasi-chemical treatment to Li$^+$ ion hydration
in liquid water is used to motivate and exemplify the quasi-chemical theory.
Those results underscore the fact that the quasi-chemical approach refines the
path for utilization of ion-water cluster results for the statistical
thermodynamics of solutions.


title:
Comparison of numerical methods for the calculation of cold atom
  collisions

abstract:
  Three different numerical techniques for solving a coupled channel
Schroedinger equation are compared. This benchmark equation, which describes
the collision between two ultracold atoms, consists of two channels, each
containing the same diagonal Lennard-Jones potential, one of positive and the
other of negative energy. The coupling potential is of an exponential form. The
methods are i) a recently developed spectral type integral equation method
based on Chebyshev expansions, ii) a finite element expansion, and iii) a
combination of an improved Numerov finite difference method and a Gordon
method. The computing time and the accuracy of the resulting phase shift is
found to be comparable for methods i) and ii), achieving an accuracy of ten
significant figures with a double precision calculation. Method iii) achieves
seven significant figures. The scattering length and effective range are also
obtained.


title:
Density-functional Study of Small Molecules within the
  Krieger-Li-Iafrate Approximation

abstract:
  We report density-functional studies of several small molecules ($H_{2},
N_{2}, CO, H_{2}O$, and $CH_{4}$) within the Krieger-Li-Iafrate (KLI)
approximation to the exact Kohn-Sham local exchange potential, using a
three-dimensional real-space finite-difference pseudopotential method. It is
found that exchange-only KLI leads to markedly improved eigenvalue spectra
compared to those obtained within the standard local-density approximation
(LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and the Hartree-Fock (HF)
method. For structural properties, exchange-only KLI results are close to the
corresponding HF values. We find that the addition of LDA or GGA correlation
energy functionals to the KLI exact exchange energy functional does not lead to
systematic improvements.

categories: physics.chem-ph cond-mat physics.atm-clus physics.comp-ph


title: Simultaneous Magneto-Optical Trapping of Two Lithium Isotopes

abstract:
  We confine 4 10^8 fermionic 6Li atoms simultaneously with 9 10^9 bosonic 7Li
atoms in a magneto-optical trap based on an all-semiconductor laser system. We
optimize the two-isotope sample for sympathetic evaporative cooling. This is an
essential step towards the production of a quantum-degenerate gas of fermionic
lithium atoms.


title: On the Positioning of Objects in Space

abstract:
  The personal spatial structure of an observer is introduced as a central
element in the positioning of objects in space. The link between a reference
frame used by an observer and his personal spatial structure is discussed.
Research on inversion or reversal of incoming light in psychology indicates
that the personal spatial structure of an individual, as well as a reference
frame that he uses, depends on the internal coordination of sensory stimuli and
that the position of objects in space depends in part on psychological factors
that affect one's personal spatial structure. Other research in psychology
demonstrating the flexibility for an observer in determining the direction of
up-down relative to a particular figure, and indeed relative to the entire
surround, is also noted and supports the thesis that the observer plays a role
in the positioning of objects in space.


title:
Fundamental Physical Constants and the Principle of Parametric
  Incompleteness

abstract:
  The principle which allows to construct new physical theories on the basis of
classical mechanics by reduction of the number of its axiom without engaging
new postulates is formulated. The arising incompleteness of theory manifests
itself in terms of theoretically undefinable fundamental physical constants
$\hbar$ and c. As an example we built up a parametric generalization of
relativistic theory, where the Hubble Law and the dependence of light velocity
on time are obtained.


title:
Optical second harmonic generation probe of two-dimensional
  ferroelectricity

abstract:
  Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of
two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of
copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D
ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in the topmost layer of LB films
and a thickness independent (almost 2D) transition in the bulk of these films
are observed in temperature studies of SHG.


title: Space Time as a Random Heap

abstract:
  In this paper, we demonstrate how space-time is, rather than a differentiable
manifold, a Random Heap, and how this ties up with fractal dimension 2 of a
Quantum Mechanical path. In this light, we can see that there is a harmonious
convergence between the stochastic approach of Nelson and the de Broglie-Bohm
approach. These considerations are shown to lead to the emergence of special
relativity and Quantum Mechanics.


title: Pattern formation by competition: a biological example

abstract:
  We present a simple model based on a reaction-diffusion equation to explain
pattern formation in a multicellular bacterium (Streptomyces). We assume
competition for resources as the basic mechanism that leads to pattern
formation; in particular we are able to reproduce the spatial pattern formed by
bacterial aerial mycelium in case of growth in minimal (low resources) and
maximal (large resources) culture media.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.PS patt-sol q-bio.PE


title:
Rigorous estimates of the tails of the probability distribution function
  for the random linear shear model

abstract:
  In previous work Majda and McLaughlin computed explicit expressions for the
$2N$th moments of a passive scalar advected by a linear shear flow in the form
of an integral over ${\bf R}^N$. In this paper we first compute the asymptotics
of these moments for large moment number. We are able to use this information
about the large N behavior of the moments, along with some basic facts about
entire functions of finite order, to compute the asymptotics of the tails of
the probability distribution function. We find that the probability
distribution has Gaussian tails when the energy is concentrated in the largest
scales. As the initial energy is moved to smaller and smaller scales we find
that the tails of the distribution grow longer, and the distribution moves
smoothly from Gaussian through exponential and ``stretched exponential''. We
also show that the derivatives of the scalar are increasingly intermittent, in
agreement with experimental observations, and relate the exponents of the
scalar derivative to the exponents of the scalar.

categories: physics.flu-dyn cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP


title:
Notes on anelastic effects and thermal noise in suspensions of test
  masses in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

abstract:
  The thermal noise is expected to be one of the main limiting factors on the
sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO and
VIRGO. Thermal fluctuations of internal modes of the interferometer's test
masses and of suspension modes will dominate the noise spectrum at the
important frequency range between 50 and 200 Hz. It is assumed that losses in
the test masses and suspensions will occur mainly due to internal friction in
their materials, which is related to anelasticity effects in solids. The
present notes comprise some basic results on the theory of anelasticity and
thermal noise in pendulum suspensions. This collection is by no means complete
and focus on aspects which are of interest for the author.


title:
Optimization of thermal noise in multi-loop pendulum suspensions for use
  in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

abstract:
  We study the thermal-noise spectrum of multi-loop pendulum suspensions for
test masses in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. The dependence of
the thermal noise on suspension parameters and on properties of the wire
material is discussed for the situation in which the losses are dominated by
the internal friction in the pendulum wires.


title:
Solution of the vacuum Einstein equations in Synthetic Differential
  Geometry of Kock-Lawvere

abstract:
  The topos theory is a theory which is used for deciding a number of problems
of theory of relativity, gravitation and quantum physics. It is known that
topos-theoretic geometry can be successfully developed within the framework of
Synthetic Differential Geometry of Kock-Lawvere (SDG), the models of which are
serving the toposes, i.e. categories possessing many characteristics of
traditional Theory of Sets. In the article by using ideas SDG, non-classical
spherically symmetric solution of the vacuum Einstein equations is given.


title:
Kullback-Leibler and Renormalized Entropy: Applications to EEGs of
  Epilepsy Patients

abstract:
  Recently, renormalized entropy was proposed as a novel measure of relative
entropy (P. Saparin et al., Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 4, 1907 (1994)) and
applied to several physiological time sequences, including EEGs of patients
with epilepsy. We show here that this measure is just a modified
Kullback-Leibler (K-L) relative entropy, and it gives similar numerical results
to the standard K-L entropy. The latter better distinguishes frequency contents
of e.g. seizure and background EEGs than renormalized entropy. We thus propose
that renormalized entropy might not be as useful as claimed by its proponents.
In passing we also make some critical remarks about the implementation of these
methods.

categories: physics.bio-ph chao-dyn cond-mat nlin.CD physics.comp-ph physics.data-an physics.med-ph q-bio


title: Thermodynamics of Magnets

abstract:
  Thermodynamics of magnetic materials is discussed in practical, lab-oriented
terms. In the common experimental configuration in which the external magnetic
field comes from a solenoidal coil connected to a power supply, magnetic work
is identified unambiguously as the flow of electromagnetic field energy from
the power supply into the system via the connecting wires. A simple algebraic
expression is derived for the "magnetic energy" of microscopic dipoles which
interact with the magnetic fields produced by each other, by an external coil,
or by a permanent magnet. The discussion delineates the important distinction
between induced magnetic moments, which are diamagnetic, and permanent
microscopic moments, which are paramagnetic. The practicality of these ideas is
illustrated by calculations of the magnetic properties of several idealized
magnetic solids via minimization of the appropriate free energy.


title:
Acceleration-dependent self-interaction effects as a possible mechanism
  of inertia

abstract:
  The paper pursues two aims. First, to revisit the classical electromagnetic
mass theory and develop it further by making use of a corollary of general
relativity - that the propagation of light in non-inertial reference frames is
anisotropic. Second, to show that the same type of acceleration-dependent
self-interaction effects that give rise to the inertia and mass of the
classical electron appear in quantum field theory as well when the general
relativistic frequency shift of the virtual quanta, mediating the
electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions between non-inertial particles,
is taken into account. Those effects may account for the origin of inertia and
mass of macroscopic objects.


title: A quantum point contact for neutral atoms

abstract:
  We show that the conductance of neutral atoms through a tightly confining
waveguide constriction is quantized in units of lambda_dB^2/pi, where lambda_dB
is the de Broglie wavelength of the incident atoms. Such a constriction forms
the atom analogue of an electron quantum point contact and is an example of
quantum transport of neutral atoms in an aperiodic system. We present a
practical constriction geometry that can be realized using a microfabricated
magnetic waveguide, and discuss how a pair of such constrictions can be used to
study the quantum statistics of weakly interacting gases in small traps.


title:
Nuclear Data Requirements for the Production Of Medical Isotopes in
  Fission Reactors and Particle Accelerators

abstract:
  Through decades of effort in nuclear data development and simulations of
reactor neutronics and accelerator transmutation, a collection of reaction data
is continuing to evolve with the potential of direct applications to the
production of medical isotopes. At Los Alamos the CINDER'90 code and library
have been developed for nuclide inventory calculations using neutron-reaction
(En < 20 MeV) and/or decay data for 3400 nuclides; coupled with the LAHET Code
System (LCS), irradiations in neutron and proton environments below a few GeV
are tractable; additional work with the European Activation File, the HMS-ALICE
code and the reaction models of MCNPX (CEM95, BERTINI, or ISABEL with or
without preequilibrium, evaporation and fission) have been used to produce
evaluated reaction data for neutrons and protons to 1.7 GeV. At the Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, efforts have focused on production of medical
isotopes and the identification of available neutron reaction data from results
of integral measurements.


title: Dissociation, fragmentation and fission of simple metal clusters

abstract:
  This pedagogical review presents the Shell Correction Method (SCM) and
variants thereof, appropriate for describing shape deformations and electronic
shell effects, energetics and decay pathways of metal-cluster fragmentation
processes (e.g., monomer/dimer dissociation and fission). The experimental
trends are compared to the theoretical SCM interpretations, and in addition
theoretical results for fission from first-principles molecular-dynamics
simulations are discussed. Some latest insights concerning the importance of
electronic-entropy and finite-temperature effects are given special attention.


title: Some Wave-Related, Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits

abstract:
  Examples of heavy mineral placer deposits are presented in which wave
reflection, refraction, diffraction and resonance would appear to have played a
major concentrating role. Their geometry is compared with the computer
generated patterns predicted for the reflection, refraction and diffraction of
surface waves moving over fairly simple, idealised bathymetries. Much of this
work is founded on the idea that similar sediments document equivalent (or once
equivalent) flow-tractional environments.
  Most of the examples could be satisfactorily explained in this fashion. It
may therefore be possible to ignore the exact physics of the boundary layer,
longshore and tidal return currents etc. at the scale on which these examples
occur, leaving the way open for the qualitative use of results obtained using
the likes of the mild slope wave equation. A ``Monte Carlo'' approach based on
wave induced tractions should therefore succeed in elucidating presently known
heavy mineral placer deposits and, consequently, in predicting other deposits
which remain as yet undiscovered.


title: Dual Time-Space Model of Wave Propagation

abstract:
  Here to represent the propagation of waves I attempted to describe them
separately in space and time domains. The time and space wave equations are
obtained and investigated, and formulas for the wave propagation are expressed.
I also tried to apply the model to the description of such physical phenomena
as the constancy of the speed of light and propagation of ocean waves -
tsunami.


title: Capillary-gravity wave resistance in ordinary and magnetic fluids

abstract:
  Wave resistance is the drag force associated to the emission of waves by a
moving disturbance at a fluid free surface. In the case of capillary-gravity
waves it undergoes a transition from zero to a finite value as the speed of the
disturbance is increased. For the first time an experiment is designed in order
to obtain the wave resistance as a function of speed. The effect of viscosity
is explored, and a magnetic fluid is used to extend the available range of
critical speeds. The threshold values are in good agreement with the proposed
theory. Contrary to the theoretical model, however, the measured wave
resistance reveals a non monotonic speed dependence after the threshold.


title: Turns and special relativity transformations

abstract:
  We advance an universal approach to the construction of kinematics in
non-inertial and, in particular, rotating reference frames. On its basis a
10-dimensional space including three projections of velocity vector and three
turn angles in geometric space as additional coordinates to time and geometric
coordinates is introduced. In a specific case, the turns in 10-space describe
the uniform rotation of reference frame as well as its accelerated motion.
Transformations for coordinates and angular velocities are derived. Definitions
of dynamic quantities contain a fundamental constant $\Omega$ with
dimensionality of angular velocity and the maximal acceleration in addition to
the velocity of light. The special relativity relation between energy, impulse,
and mass gets changed for particles with moment of inertia. A wave equation
obtained describes the rotary and accelerated motions of light wave. A relation
between particle moment and the Planck constant representing Bohr's postulate
is added to de Broglie's relations. A generalized space-time which allows to
consider kinematics for derivations of arbitrary order is studied. Differential
relations between velocity of arbitrary order and turn angles in the
generalized space-time are obtained.


title:
Slowing and cooling molecules and neutral atoms by time-varying electric
  field gradients

abstract:
  A method of slowing, accelerating, cooling, and bunching molecules and
neutral atoms using time-varying electric field gradients is demonstrated with
cesium atoms in a fountain. The effects are measured and found to be in
agreement with calculation. Time-varying electric field gradient slowing and
cooling is applicable to atoms that have large dipole polarizabilities,
including atoms that are not amenable to laser slowing and cooling, to Rydberg
atoms, and to molecules, especially polar molecules with large electric dipole
moments. The possible applications of this method include slowing and cooling
thermal beams of atoms and molecules, launching cold atoms from a trap into a
fountain, and measuring atomic dipole polarizabilities.


title:
Representation of a complex Green function on a real basis: I. General
  Theory

abstract:
  When the Hamiltonian of a system is represented by a finite matrix,
constructed from a discrete basis, the matrix representation of the resolvent
covers only one branch. We show how all branches can be specified by the phase
of a complex unit of time. This permits the Hamiltonian matrix to be
constructed on a real basis; the only duty of the basis is to span the
dynamical region of space, without regard for the particular asymptotic
boundary conditions that pertain to the problem of interest.


title:
Scale Specific and Scale Independent Measures of Heart Rate Variability
  as Risk Indicators

abstract:
  We study the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) using scale specific variance and
scaling exponents as measures of healthy and cardiac impaired individuals. Our
results show that the variance and the scaling exponent are uncorrelated. We
find that the variance measure at certain scales is well suited to separate
healthy subjects from heart patients. However, for cumulative survival
probability the scaling exponents outperform the variance measure. Our risk
study is based on a database containing recordings from 428 individuals after
myocardial infarct (MI) and on database containing 105 healthy subjects and 11
heart patients. The results have been obtained by applying three recently
developed methods (DFA - Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, WAV - Multiresolution
Wavelet Analysis, and DTS - Detrended Time Series analysis) which are shown to
be highly correlated.

categories: physics.med-ph chao-dyn nlin.CD physics.bio-ph q-bio


title:
Magnetic Field Stimulated Transitions of Excited States in Fast Muonic
  Helium Ions

abstract:
  It is shown that one can stimulate, by using the present-day laboratory
magnetic fields, transitions between the $lm$ sub-levels of fast $\mu He^+$
ions formating in muon catalyzed fusion. Strong fields also cause the
self-ionization from highly excited states of such muonic ions. Both effects
are the consequence of the interaction of the bound muon with the oscillating
field of the Stark term coupling the center-of-mass and muon motions of the
$\mu He^+$ ion due to the non-separability of the collective and internal
variables in this system. The performed calculations show a possibility to
drive the population of the $lm$ sub-levels by applying a field of a few
$Tesla$, which affects the reactivation rate and is especially important to the
$K\alpha$ $x$-ray production in muon catalyzed fusion. It is also shown that
the $2s-2p$ splitting in $\mu He^+$ due to the vacuum polarization slightly
decreases the stimulated transition rates.


title: The ground state of the carbon atom in strong magnetic fields

abstract:
  The ground and a few excited states of the carbon atom in external uniform
magnetic fields are calculated by means of our 2D mesh Hartree-Fock method for
field strengths ranging from zero up to 2.35 10^9 T. With increasing field
strength the ground state undergoes six transitions involving seven different
electronic configurations which belong to three groups with different spin
projections S_z=-1,-2,-3. For weak fields the ground state configuration arises
from the field-free 1s^2 2s^2 2p_0 2p_{-1}, S_z=-1 configuration. With
increasing field strength the ground state involves the four S_z=-2
configurations 1s^22s2p_0 2p_{-1}2p_{+1}, 1s^22s2p_0 2p_{-1}3d_{-2}, 1s^22p_0
2p_{-1}3d_{-2}4f_{-3} and 1s^22p_{-1}3d_{-2}4f_{-3}5g_{-4}, followed by the two
fully spin polarized S_z=-3 configurations 1s2p_02p_{-1}3d_{-2}4f_{-3}5g_{-4}
and 1s2p_{-1}3d_{-2}4f_{-3}5g_{-4}6h_{-5}. The last configuration forms the
ground state of the carbon atom in the high field regime \gamma>18.664. The
above series of ground state configurations is extracted from the results of
numerical calculations for more than twenty electronic configurations selected
due to some general energetical arguments.


title:
Anharmonic force field and vibrational frequencies of tetrafluoromethane
  (CF$_4$) and tetrafluorosilane (SiF$_4$)

abstract:
  Accurate quartic anharmonic force fields for CF$_4$ and SiF$_4$ have been
calculated using the CCSD(T) method and basis sets of $spdf$ quality. Based on
the {\it ab initio} force field with a minor empirical adjustment, the
vibrational energy levels of these two molecules and their isotopomers are
calculated by means of high order Canonical Van Vleck Perturbation Theory(CVPT)
based on curvilinear coordinates. The calculated energies agree very well with
the experimental data. The full quadratic force field of CF$_4$ is further
refined to the experimental data. The symmetrization of the Cartesian basis for
any combination bands of $T_d$ group molecules is discussed using the circular
promotion operator for the doubly degenerate modes, together with tabulated
vector coupling coefficients. The extraction of the spectroscopic constants
from our second order transformed Hamiltonian in curvilinear coordinates is
discussed, and compared to a similar procedure in rectilinear coordinates.


title: Publication Bias (The "File-Drawer Problem") in Scientific Inference

abstract:
  Publication bias arises whenever the probability that a study is published
depends on the statistical significance of its results. This bias, often called
the file-drawer effect since the unpublished results are imagined to be tucked
away in researchers' file cabinets, is potentially a severe impediment to
combining the statistical results of studies collected from the literature.
With almost any reasonable quantitative model for publication bias, only a
small number of studies lost in the file-drawer will produce a significant
bias. This result contradicts the well known Fail Safe File Drawer (FSFD)
method for setting limits on the potential harm of publication bias, widely
used in social, medical and psychic research. This method incorrectly treats
the file drawer as unbiased, and almost always misestimates the seriousness of
publication bias. A large body of not only psychic research, but medical and
social science studies, has mistakenly relied on this method to validate
claimed discoveries. Statistical combination can be trusted only if it is known
with certainty that all studies that have been carried out are included. Such
certainty is virtually impossible to achieve in literature surveys.


title:
Estimations of electron-positron pair production at high-intensity laser
  interaction with high-Z targets

abstract:
  Electron-positron pairs' generation occuring in the interaction of
$10^{18}$-$10^{20}$~W/cm$^2$ laser radiation with high-Z targets are examined.
Computational results are presented for the pair production and the positron
yield from the target with allowance for the contribution of pair production
processes due to electrons and bremsstrahlung photons.
  Monte-Carlo simulations using the PRIZMA code confirm the estimates obtained.
The possible positron yield from high-Z targets irradiated by picosecond lasers
of power $10^2$-$10^3$~TW is estimated to be $10^9$-$10^{11}$.


title: Classical Mechanics

abstract:
  This is the English version of a friendly graduate course on Classical
Mechanics, containing about 80% of the material I covered during the
January-June 1999 semester at IFUG in the Mexican city of Leon. For the Spanish
version, see physics/9906066


title: Burst Mechanisms in Hydrodynamics

abstract:
  Different mechanisms believed to be responsible for the generation of bursts
in hydrodynamical systems are reviewed and a new mechanism capable of
generating regular or irregular bursts of large dynamic range near threshold is
described. The new mechanism is present in the interaction between oscillatory
modes of odd and even parity in systems of large but finite aspect ratio, and
provides an explanation for the bursting behavior observed in binary fluid
convection. Additional applications of the new mechanism are proposed.

categories: physics.flu-dyn chao-dyn math.DS nlin.CD


title: Carbon clusters near the crossover to fullerene stability

abstract:
  The thermodynamic stability of structural isomers of $\mathrm{C}_{24}$,
$\mathrm{C}_{26}$, $\mathrm{C}_{28}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{32}$, including
fullerenes, is studied using density functional and quantum Monte Carlo
methods. The energetic ordering of the different isomers depends sensitively on
the treatment of electron correlation. Fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo
calculations predict that a $\mathrm{C}_{24}$ isomer is the smallest stable
graphitic fragment and that the smallest stable fullerenes are the
$\mathrm{C}_{26}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{28}$ clusters with $\mathrm{C}_{2v}$ and
$\mathrm{T}_{d}$ symmetry, respectively. These results support proposals that a
$\mathrm{C}_{28}$ solid could be synthesized by cluster deposition.


title: The Scaled Universe

abstract:
  It is shown that the mysterious quantum prescription of microphysics has
analogues at the scale of stars, galaxies and superclusters, the common feature
in all these cases being Brownian type fractality. These considerations are
shown to lead to pleasingly meaningful results in agreement with observed data.


title: All Optical Flip-Flop Based on Coupled Laser Diodes

abstract:
  An all optical set-reset flip flop is presented that is based on two coupled
identical laser diodes. The lasers are coupled so that when one of the lasers
lases it quenches lasing in the other laser. The state of the flip flop is
determined by which laser is currently lasing. Rate equations are used to model
the flip flop and obtain steady state characteristics. The flip flop is
experimentally demonstrated by use of antireflection coated laser diodes and
free space optics.


title: General Theory of Relativity of Einstein as Unified Field Theory

abstract:
  Relying on a fundamental empirical identity of heavy and inertial mass it is
proposed to bring a status of general theory of relativity (GTR) of Einstein up
to a level of Unified Field Theory. To do this, a thoroughgoing revision of
physical interpretation of energy-momentum tensor components within GTR is
required. A complete system of equations for numerical simulation of the
hierarchical structure of the real universe on the basis of curvature tensor
invariants is proposed.


title:
Qualitative analysis of low-lying resonances of the dipositronium
  emerging from Ps-Ps and Ps-Ps* collisions

abstract:
  An analysis of the channel wave functions is made to clarify the types of
resonance emerging from Ps-Ps and Ps-Ps* collisions. The ordering of the energy
levels of the states of the dipositronium is evaluated based on the inherent
nodal structures of wave functions and on existing theoretical results. A few
very probable low-lying narrower resonances, namely the 0+(A2), 1-(E),...,
benefiting from the centrifugal barrier have been proposed.


title:
Two-Particle Schroedinger Equation Animations of Wavepacket-Wavepacket
  Scattering (revised)

abstract:
  A simple and explicit technique for the numerical solution of the
two-particle, time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation is assembled and tested.
The technique can handle interparticle potentials that are arbitrary functions
of the coordinates of each particle, arbitrary initial and boundary conditions,
and multi-dimensional equations. Plots and animations are given here and on the
World Wide Web of the scattering of two wavepackets in one dimension.


title:
Toward an Interstellar Mission: Zeroing in on the Zero-Point-Field
  Inertia Resonance

abstract:
  While still an admittedly remote possibility, the concept of an interstellar
mission has become a legitimate topic for scientific discussion as evidenced by
several recent NASA activities and programs. One approach is to extrapolate
present-day technologies by orders of magnitude; the other is to find new
regimes in physics and to search for possible new laws of physics. Recent work
on the zero-point field (ZPF), or electromagnetic quantum vacuum, is promising
in regard to the latter, especially concerning the possibility that the inertia
of matter may, at least in part, be attributed to interaction between the
quarks and electrons in matter and the ZPF. A NASA-funded study (independent of
the BPP program) of this concept has been underway since 1996 at the Lockheed
Martin Advanced Technology Center in Palo Alto and the California State
University at Long Beach. We report on a new development resulting from this
effort: that for the specific case of the electron, a resonance for the
inertia-generating process at the Compton frequency would simultaneously
explain both the inertial mass of the electron and the de Broglie wavelength of
a moving electron as first measured by Davisson and Germer in 1927. This line
of investigation is leading to very suggestive connections between
electrodynamics, inertia, gravitation and the wave nature of matter.


title:
Filtered Talbot lens: Producing $\lambda /2n$-periodic atomic patterns
  with standing wave fields having period $\lambda $

abstract:
  We propose a scheme to create high-contrast, periodic atom density
distributions having period $\lambda /2n$ using the Talbot effect, where $%
\lambda $ is the wave length of the optical fields that scatter the atoms and
$n$ is a positive integer. This {\em filtered Talbot lens} is comprised of two
standing-wave optical fields. An atomic beam propagates perpendicular to the
fields. The first field, which is far-detuned from the atomic transition
frequency, acts as an array of lenses that focuses the atoms. The second field,
positioned at the atom optical focus of the first, is resonant with the atomic
transition frequency and acts as an amplitude mask, leaving unperturbed only
those atoms that pass through its nodes. At distances following the interaction
with the second field that are equal to an integral fraction of the Talbot
length, atomic density gratings having period $\lambda /2n$ are formed.


title: Magnetic Field Induced Two-Body Phenomena in Atoms

abstract:
  We report on a number of recently discovered phenomena which arise due to the
interaction of the collective (CM) and internal motion of atoms moving in
magnetic fields. For neutral atoms the properties of the so-called giant dipole
states are discussed and their experimental preparation is outlined. For ions
moving in magnetic fields the energy flow between the collective and electronic
motions is studied. For low CM velocities this results in a crossover from
localization to delocalization with respect to the spreading of the mixing of
the CM and internal motion in quantum number space. Large CM velocities induce
for both the classical as well as quantum ion the self-ionization process.
Future perspectives for both multi-electron atoms as well as molecules are
drawn.


title:
Coupled non-equilibrium growth equations: Self-consistent mode coupling
  using vertex renormalization

abstract:
  We find that studying the simplest of the coupled non-equilibrium growth
equations of Barabasi by self-consistent mode coupling requires the use of
dressed vertices. Using the vertex renormalization, we find a roughness
exponent which already in the leading order is quite close to the numerical
value.


title: A Model of Classical and Quantum Measurement

abstract:
  We take the view that physical quantities are values generated by processes
in measurement, not pre-existent objective quantities, and that a measurement
result is strictly a product of the apparatus and the subject of the
measurement. We habitually make an inaccurate statements when we speak of the
measurement of a quantity by an apparatus. These statements can be formalised
as a many valued logic with the structure of a vector space with a hermitian
form in such a way as to generate probabilities in the results of measurement.
The difference between this and classical probability theory is that we are not
finding probabilities generated by unknown variables, but probabilities
generated by unknown structure. We thus interpret quantum logic as the
application of complex truth values to statements in an inaccurate language,
and find that the properties of vector space hold for approximate measurement
as well as for measurement of optimal accuracy, suggesting that Planck's
constant governs the scale of the fundamental structures of matter.


title: Conceptual Foundations of Special and General Relativity

abstract:
  The k-calculus was advocated by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining
special relativity using only GCSE level mathematics and ideas. We review the
central derivations, using proofs which are only a little more elegant than
those in Bondi's books, and extend his development to include the scalar
product and the mass shell condition. As used by Bondi, k is the Doppler red
shift, and we extend the k calculus to include the gravitational red shift and
give a derivation of Newton's law of gravity using only 'A' level calculus and
basic quantum mechanics.


title: Visualizing Conformations in Molecular Dynamics

abstract:
  The Monte Carlo simulation of the dynamics of complex molecules produces
trajectories with a large number of different configurations to sample
configuration space. It is expected that these configurations can be classified
into a small number of conformations representing essential changes in the
shape of the molecule. We present a method to visualize these conformations by
point sets in the plane based on a geometrical distance measure between
individual configurations. It turns out that different conformations appear as
well-separated point sets. The method is further improved by performing a
cluster analysis of the data set. The point-cluster representation is used to
control a three-dimensional molecule viewer application to show individual
configurations and conformational changes. The extraction of essential
coordinates and visualization of molecular shape is discussed.

categories: physics.comp-ph physics.bio-ph physics.chem-ph q-bio.BM


title:
Large Scale (Multiphoton) Evolution of Atomic Energy Level's Mean
  Momentum for Single-Photon Absorption/Emission Process

abstract:
  It is shown that a two-level atom, being initially in general superposition
state of ground and excited energy levels with mutually different momentum
distributions there, gets a large scale evolution in the energy levels momentum
distribution. As a consequence the mean momentum of each individual energy
level also gets large scale changes, more than the own momentum hbar k of the
photon. Because of not completeness of the literature under the hand, we are
not sure that this simple phenomenon isn't known in quantum theory of
atom-photon interactions or, particularly, in the interferometry of atomic
matter waves. One of main purposes of this article is our request to the
leading specialists to respond and if the phenomenon is known, send the
corresponding references. Thoroughly is discussed the special case, when the
atom's preliminary superposition state is created as a result of interaction of
the atom with the resonant standing wave. Also it is pointed that in such
conditions the mentioned phenomenon can be presented as a transformation of the
resonant Kapitza-Dirac splitting of atomic states into the Stern-Gerlach type
splitting.


title: A Pre-Geometric Model Exhibiting Physical Law

abstract:
  We describe a substructure for matter in which metric relations are not
assumed as properties of a physical manifold, and instead the metric of general
relativity is found in configurations of particle interactions. The 'state' of
a particle is the set of possible configurations of surrounding particles.
States are thus non-local, while particles are local. Kets are not states, or
descriptions of states, but merely names for states. Ket space is a naming
system constructed by an individual observer from the available information in
such a way that the principle of superposition and the probability
interpretation are definitional truisms, not physical laws. In this paper the
treatment is developed as far as showing that the solution to the discrete
equations describing the structure should be embedded into covariant continuous
equations, and we remark that this leads to a requirement for four dimensions
and spin in the organisation of a structure consisting solely of particle
interactions, although neither dimensionality nor spin are assumed properties
of particles.


title:
The Dynamics of Fullerene Structure Formation : Order out of Chaos
  Phenomenon

abstract:
  C60 molecules form spontaneously during vaporization of carbon associated
with intense heating and turbulence such as in electrical arcs or flames.
Self-organization of fluctuations in the highly turbulent (chaotic) atomized
carbon vapor appears to result in the formation of the stable structure of C60
and therefore may be visualized as order out of chaos phenomenon. The geometry
of C60, namely, the self-similar quasiperiodic Penrose tiling pattern implies
long-range spatiotemporal correlations. Such non-local connections in space and
time are ubiquitous to dynamical systems in nature and is recently identified
as signatures of self-organized criticality . A cell dynamical system model for
turbulent fluid flows developed by the author is summarized and it is shown
that the observed quasiperiodic Penrose tiling pattern is a signature of
quantum-like mechanics governing flow dynamics.


title: The MCAS Way

abstract:
  The MCAS Way extends the MCAS concept of atomic orbitals to molecular
bonding. There are many examples given for each bonding type. Part I: The MCAS
atomic orbital concept. There are no spherical orbitals and spin pairing does
not occur through spin reversal. Quantum numbers do not validate coexistence in
identical space. Part II: Single bonds. There are no sigma-bonds wherein two
electrons occupy identical space on a line between nuclei; only off-axis (Xi)
bonding. Covalent bonding is purely electrostatic; just like ionic bonding.
Part III: Triple bonds. There are no Pi-bonds in a triple bond. Part IV: Simple
double bonds. There are no sigma bonds; only Pi| and Pi_ bonds. Part V:
Multiple bonds. The traditional Pi-cloud is only a group of reciprocating,
vertically pumping, electron pistons. Electrons conjugate by flowing around
nuclei in the nuclear plane. Atoms adopt a twelve-lobed (T12) orbital
arrangement for multiple bonding. Aromaticity is defined by 2(2n+1), not
(4n+2). Part VI: Miscellaneous compounds. Isoelectronic XO3, phosphorous and
its oxides, and boranes.


title:
Effective Monte Carlo simulation on System-V massively parallel
  associative string processing architecture

abstract:
  We show that the latest version of massively parallel processing associative
string processing architecture (System-V) is applicable for fast Monte Carlo
simulation if an effective on-processor random number generator is implemented.
Our lagged Fibonacci generator can produce $10^8$ random numbers on a processor
string of 12K PE-s. The time dependent Monte Carlo algorithm of the
one-dimensional non-equilibrium kinetic Ising model performs 80 faster than the
corresponding serial algorithm on a 300 MHz UltraSparc.


title: An Alternative Model of Quark Confinement

abstract:
  In "A Theory of Quantum Space-time" we constructed a form of field theory in
which Feynman diagrams describe real particle interactions, not virtual ones.
In this paper we outline a theory of discrete interactions based on hadron
field operators which bind quark in co- ordinate space, but not momentum space,
and offer explanations for the strong force, jets and Zweig's rule. As yet no
calculations have been carried out on the predictions of the theory, but we
indicate possibilities for testable predictions.


title: Light-induced conversion of nuclear spin isomers of molecules

abstract:
  We report on a new phenomenon of molecular nuclear spin isomers conversion in
the field of resonant laser radiation. It is based on the isomer-selective
optical excitation and the difference of conversion rates for excited and
unexcited molecules. We expect the considerable magnitude of the effect for all
molecules which absorb the radiation of existing lasers.


title:
Prototype model for nuclear spin conversion in molecules: The case of
  "hydrogen"

abstract:
  Using the concept of the so-called quantum relaxation, we build a
semiphenomenological model for orto-para conversion of nuclear spin isomers of
hydrogen-type molecules.


title:
Photoelectron spectra of aluminum cluster anions: Temperature effects
  and ab initio simulations

abstract:
  Photoelectron (PES) spectra from aluminum cluster anions (from 12 to 15
atoms) at various temperature regimes, were studied using ab-initio molecular
dynamics simulations and experimentally. The calculated PES spectra, obtained
via shifting of the simulated electronic densities of states by the
self-consistently determined values of the asymptotic exchange-correlation
potential, agree well with the measured ones, allowing reliable structural
assignments and theoretical estimation of the clusters' temperatures.


title: Is the Kinematics of Special Relativity incomplete?

abstract:
  An analysis of composite inertial motion (relativistic sum) within the
framework of special relativity leads to the conclusion that every
translational motion must be the symmetrically composite relativistic sum of a
finite number of quanta of velocity. It is shown that the resulting space-time
geometry is Gaussian and the four-vector calculus has its roots in the
complex-number algebra, furthermore, that Einstein's "relativity of
simultaneity" is based on a misinterpretation of the principle of relativity.
Among others predictions of the experimentally verified rise of the
interaction-radii of hadrons in high energetic collisions are derived. From the
theory also follows the equivalence of relativistically dilated time and
relativistic mass as well as the existence of a quantum of time (fundamental
length) and its quantitative value, to be found in good accord with experiment.


title: Bose-Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage in Photoassociation

abstract:
  We analyze coherent two-color photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate,
focusing on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in free-bound-bound
transitions from atoms to molecules. This problem is of particular interest
since STIRAP is predicted to be necessarily absent in the nondegenerate case
[Javanainen and Mackie, Phys. Rev. A 58, R789 (1998)]. However,
Bose-stimulation enhances the free-bound dipole matrix element for an atomic
condensate, and photoassociative STIRAP turns out to be a viable mechanism for
converting an atomic condensate to a molecular condensate with near-unit
efficiency.

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.chem-ph quant-ph


title:
On some functional transformations relative to linear PDEs of second
  order

abstract: Seminal result of Delsarte is archived here


title: Beam extraction studies at 900 GeV using a channeling crystal

abstract:
  Luminosity-driven channeling extraction has been observed for the first time
in a 900 GeV study at the Fermilab Tevatron. This experiment, Fermilab E853,
demonstrated that useful TeV level beams can be extracted from a
superconducting accelerator during high luminosity collider operations without
unduly affecting the background at the collider detectors. Multi-turn
extraction was found to increase significantly the efficiency of the process.
The beam extraction efficiency was about 25%. Studies of time dependent effects
found that the turn-to-turn structure was governed mainly by accelerator beam
dynamics. An investigation of a pre-scatterer using the accelerator flying wire
system showed that a fiber could produce a significant extracted flux,
consistent with expectations. Based on these results, it is feasible to
construct a parasitic 5-10 MHz proton beam from the Tevatron collider.


title: Anderson-Localized Ballooning Modes in General Toroidal Plasmas

abstract:
  Ballooning instabilities are investigated in three-dimensional magnetic
toroidal plasma confinement systems with low global magnetic shear. The lack of
any continuous symmetry in the plasma equilibrium can lead to these modes being
localized along the field lines by a process similar to Anderson localization.
This produces a multibranched local eigenvalue dependence, where each branch
corresponds to a different unit cell of the extended covering space in which
the eigenfunction peak resides. These phenomena are illustrated numerically for
the three-field-period heliac H-1, and contrasted with an axisymmetric
$s$-$\alpha$ tokamak model. The localization allows a perturbative expansion
about zero shear, enabling the effects of shear to be investigated.


title: Theory of Optical Tweezers

abstract:
  We derive a partial-wave (Mie) expansion of the axial force exerted on a
transparent sphere by a laser beam focused through a high numerical aperture
objective. The results hold throughout the range of interest for practical
applications. The ray optics limit is shown to follow from the Mie expansion by
size averaging. Numerical plots show large deviations from ray optics near the
focal region and oscillatory behavior (explained in terms of a simple
interferometer picture) of the force as a function of the size parameter.
Available experimental data favor the present model over previous ones.


title:
Kinematic Orbits and the Structure of the Internal Space for Systems of
  Five or More Bodies

abstract:
  The internal space for a molecule, atom, or other n-body system can be
conveniently parameterised by 3n-9 kinematic angles and three kinematic
invariants. For a fixed set of kinematic invariants, the kinematic angles
parameterise a subspace, called a kinematic orbit, of the n-body internal
space. Building on an earlier analysis of the three- and four-body problems, we
derive the form of these kinematic orbits (that is, their topology) for the
general n-body problem. The case n=5 is studied in detail, along with the
previously studied cases n=3,4.


title: X-ray Measurement of the subpixel structure of the XMM EPIC MOS CCD

abstract:
  We report here the results of a mesh experiment to measure the subpixel
structure of the EPIC MOS CCDs on board the XMM X-ray observatory. The pixel
size is 40$\mu$m square while the mesh hole spacing is 48$\mu$m, a combination
quite different from our standard mesh experiment. We have verified that this
combination functions properly and have analyzed the CCD structure with
sub-pixel resolution. The EPIC MOS CCD has an open electrode structure to
improve detection efficiency at low energies. We obtained the distribution of
various grades of X-ray events inside the pixel. A horizontally split two-pixel
event is generated near the channel stop which forms a straight vertical pixel
boundary whereas a vertically split two-pixel event is generated where the
potential due to the thinned gate structure forms a wavy horizontal pixel
boundary. Therefore, the effective pixel shape is not a square but is
distorted. The distribution of X-ray events clearly shows that the two etched
regions in each pixel, separated by the bridging finger of the enlarged (open)
electrode. We measured the difference in X-ray transmission between the
conventional and open regions of the pixel using O-K and Cu-L X-ray emission
lines, and found it to be consistent with an electrode thickness comprising
$0.2\pm0.1\mu$m of Si and $0.6\pm0.2\mu$m of SiO2.


title: The factorization of the hypergeometric equation

abstract:
  Schroedinger's famous quadruple of factorizations of the hypergeometric
equation is archived here


title:
Foam: Multi-Dimensional General Purpose Monte Carlo Generator With
  Self-Adapting Simplical Grid

abstract:
  A new general purpose Monte Carlo event generator with self-adapting grid
consisting of simplices is described. In the process of initialization, the
simplex-shaped cells divide into daughter subcells in such a way that: (a) cell
density is biggest in areas where integrand is peaked, (b) cells elongate
themselves along hyperspaces where integrand is enhanced/singular. The grid is
anisotropic, i.e. memory of the axes directions of the primary reference frame
is lost. In particular, the algorithm is capable of dealing with distributions
featuring strong correlation among variables (like ridge along diagonal). The
presented algorithm is complementary to others known and commonly used in the
Monte Carlo event generators. It is, in principle, more effective then any
other one for distributions with very complicated patterns of singularities -
the price to pay is that it is memory-hungry. It is therefore aimed at a small
number of integration dimensions (<10). It should be combined with other
methods for higher dimension. The source code in Fortran77 is available from
http://home.cern.ch/~jadach


title: Possible mathematical formulation of liquidity preference theory

abstract:
  New mathematical formulation of liquidity preference theory is suggested. On
the base of comparison between suggested model and real prices paradoxical
conclusion could be derived. The whole yield curve could be described only on
the base of liquidity preference theory without any consideration of
risk-neutral models.


title:
A New Mechanism for the Maintenance of Fair Weather Electric Field and
  Cloud Electrification

abstract:
  Wilson's hypothesis of the global electric circuit with the thunderstorms as
generators has not been proven up to now. The exact physical mechanism
responsible for the generation of fair weather electric field is not clearly
understood. Some of the recent remarkable observations showed evidence for the
horizontal fields in the magnetosphere and ionosphere which penetrate atleast
into the stratosphere and perhaps into the troposphere. In the present paper a
gravity wave feed back mechanism (cell dynamical system model) for the coupling
of the troposphere and the ionosphere has been discussed. The physical
mechanism proposed can offer an alternate explanation for the atmospheric
electrical phenomena during fair and disturbed weather.


title: Three-photon detachment of electrons from the fluorine negative ion

abstract:
  Absolute three-photon detachment cross sections are calculated for the
fluorine negative ion within the lowest-order perturbation theory. The Dyson
equation of the atomic many-body theory is used to obtain the ground-state 2p
wavefunction with correct asymptotic behaviour, corresponding to the true
(experimental) binding energy. We show that in accordance with the adiabatic
theory (Gribakin and Kuchiev 1997 {Phys. Rev. A} {\bf 55} 3760) this is crucial
for obtaining absolute values of the multiphoton cross sections. Comparisons
with other calculations and experimental data are presented.


title: Metastability of life

abstract:
  The physical idea of the natural origin of diseases and deaths has been
presented. The fundamental microscopical reason is the destruction of any
metastable state by thermal activation of a nucleus of a nonreversable change.
On the basis of this idea the quantitative theory of age dependence of death
probability has been constructed. The obtained simple Death Laws are very
accurately fulfilled almost for all known diseases.


title:
Variational Density Matrix Method for Warm Condensed Matter and
  Application to Dense Hydrogen

abstract:
  A new variational principle for optimizing thermal density matrices is
introduced. As a first application, the variational many body density matrix is
written as a determinant of one body density matrices, which are approximated
by Gaussians with the mean, width and amplitude as variational parameters. The
method is illustrated for the particle in an external field problem, the
hydrogen molecule and dense hydrogen where the molecular, the dissociated and
the plasma regime are described. Structural and thermodynamic properties
(energy, equation of state and shock Hugoniot) are presented.


title: Characterization of the State of Hydrogen

abstract:
  Fermionic path integral Monte Carlo simulations have been applied to study
the equilibrium properties of the hydrogen and deuterium in the density and
temperature range of 1.6 < rs < 14.0 and 5000K < T < 167000K. We use this
technique to determine the phase diagram by identifying the plasma, the
molecular, atomic and metallic regime. We explain how one can identify the
phases in the path integral formalism and discuss the state of hydrogen for 5
points in the temperature-density plane. Further we will provide arguments for
the nature of the transitions between the regimes.


title:
A Compact 3H(p,gamma)4He 19.8-MeV Gamma-Ray Source for Energy
  Calibration at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

abstract:
  The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a new 1000-tonne D2O Cerenkov solar
neutrino detector. A high energy gamma-ray source is needed to calibrate SNO
beyond the 8B solar neutrino endpoint of 15 MeV. This paper describes the
design and construction of a source that generates 19.8-MeV gamma rays using
the 3H(p,gamma)4He reaction (``pt''), and demonstrates that the source meets
all the physical, operational and lifetime requirements for calibrating SNO. An
ion source was built into this unit to generate and to accelerate protons up to
30 keV, and a high purity scandium tritide target with a scandium-tritium
atomic ratio of 1:2.0+/-0.2 was included. This pt source is the first
self-contained, compact, and portable high energy gamma-ray source (E>10 MeV).


title:
Coordinate-space Faddeev-Hahn-type approach to three-body charge
  transfer reactions involving exotic particles

abstract:
  Low-energy muon-transfer cross sections and rates in collisions of muonic
atoms with hydrogen isotopes are calculated using a six-state close-coupling
approximation to coordinate-space Faddeev-Hahn-type equations. In the muonic
case satisfactory results are obtained for all hydrogen isotopes and the
experimentaly observed strong isotopic dependence of transfer rates is also
reproduced. A comparison with results of other theoretical and available
experimental works is presented. The present model also leads to good transfer
cross sections in the well-understood problem of antihydrogen formation in
antiproton-positronium collision.


title:
Low-energy three-body charge transfer reactions with Coulomb interaction
  in the final state

abstract:
  Three-body charge transfer reactions with Coulomb interaction in the final
state are considered in the framework of coordinate-space integro-differential
Faddeev-Hahn-type equations within two- and six-state close coupling
approximations. The method is employed to study direct muon transfer in
low-energy collisions of the muonic hydrogen H$_\mu$ by helium (He$^{++}$) and
lithium (Li$^{+++}$) nuclei. The experimentally observed isotopic dependence is
reproduced.


abstract:
  Kinetic model of three component, weakly ionized, collisional plasma with a
beam of neutral particles is developed. New dispersion relations for linear
perturbations are derived and analyzed in various limiting cases.


title: Blind spot may reveal vacuum radiation

abstract:
  This is a Physics World features paper on Chen-Tajima proposal to detect
Unruh radiation by means of high-intensity lasers (PRL 83, 256 (1999)).


title: Binding Energies and Scattering Observables in the 4^He_3 Atomic System

abstract:
  The ^4He_3 bound states and the scattering of a ^4He atom off a ^4He dimer at
ultra-low energies are investigated using a hard-core version of the Faddeev
differential equations. Various realistic ^4He-^4He interactions were employed,
amomg them the LM2M2 potential by Aziz and Slaman and the recent TTY potential
by Tang, Toennies and Yiu. The ground state and the excited (Efimov) state
obtained are compared with other results. The scattering lengths and the
atom-diatom phase shifts were calculated for center of mass energies up to 2.45
mK. It was found that the LM2M2 and TTY potentials, although of quite different
structure, give practically the same bound-state and scattering results.

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat nucl-th physics.atm-clus physics.chem-ph


title:
Ground states of the atoms H, He,...., Ne and their singly positive ions
  in strong magnetic fields: The high field regime

abstract:
  The electronic structure of the ground and some excited states of neutral
atoms with the nuclear charge numbers $1\leq Z \leq 10$ and their single
positive ions are investigated by means of our 2D mesh Hartree-Fock method for
strong magnetic fields $0.5\leq \gamma \leq 10000$. For $\gamma=10000$ the
ground state configurations of all the atoms and ions considered are given by
fully spin-polarized configurations of single-electron orbitals with magnetic
quantum numbers ranging from m=0 to m=-N+1 where N is the number of the
electrons. Focusing on the fully spin polarized situation we provide critical
values of the magnetic field strength for which crossovers with respect to the
spatial symmetries of the ground state take place. It is found that the neutral
atoms and singly charged positive ions with $2\leq Z \leq 5$ have one fully
spin-polarized ground state configuration whereas for $6\leq Z \leq 10$ one
intermediate fully spin-polarized configuration with an orbital of 2p_0 type
occurs.


title: Generalized Action Invariants for Drift Waves-Zonal Flow Systems

abstract:
  Generalized action invariants are identified for various models of drift wave
turbulence in the presence of the mean shear flow. It is shown that the wave
kinetic equation describing the interaction of the small scale turbulence and
large scale shear flow can be naturally written in terms of these invariants.
Unlike the wave energy, which is conserved as a sum of small- and large- scale
components, the generalized action invariant is shown to correspond to a
quantity which is conserved for the small scale component alone. This invariant
can be used to construct canonical variables leading to a different definition
of the wave action (as compared to the case without shear flow). It is
suggested that these new canonical action variables form a natural basis for
the description of the drift wave turbulence with a mean shear flow.


title: Radiation from a Charge in a Gravitational Field

abstract:
  When an electric charge is supported at rest in a static gravitational field,
its electric field is not supported with the charge, and it falls freely in the
gravitational field. Drawing the electric field lines continuously in time, we
find that they always emerge from the charge, but the electric field is curved
and there is a stress force between the freely falling (curved) field and the
static charge. The charge radiates and the work done by the gravitational field
to overcome the stress force is the source for the energy radiated by the
supported (static) charge. {\it A static charge in a gravitational field
radiates, as predicted by the principle of equivalence}. This mechanism is
similar to the one applied to an electric charge accelerated in a free space.
In this case, the electric field is not accelerated with the charge. The
electric field is curved, and there is a stress force between the charge and
its field. The work done in overcoming the stress force is the source of the
energy radiated by the accelerated charge.


title:
A Model for Generating Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Inner
  Magnetosphere Based on Gyroresonant Wave-Particle Interactions

abstract:
  During the recovery phase of a magnetic storm, fluxes of relativistic ($>1$
MeV) electrons in the inner magnetosphere ($3\le L \le 6$) increase to beyond
pre-storm levels, reaching a peak about 4 days after the initiation of the
storm. In order to account for the generation of these "killer electrons", a
model is presented primarily based on stochastic acceleration of electrons by
enhanced whistler-mode chorus. In terms of a quasi-linear formulation, a
kinetic (Fokker-Planck) equation for the electron energy distribution is
derived, comprising an energy diffusion coefficient based on gyroresonant
electron-whistler-mode wave interaction and parallel wave propagation; a source
term representing substorm-produced (lower energy) seed electrons; and a loss
term representing electron precipitation due to pitch-angle scattering by
whistler-mode waves and EMIC waves. Steady-state solutions for the electron
energy distribution are constructed, and fitted to an empirically-derived
relativistic Maxwellian distribution for the high energy "hard" electron
population at geosynchronous orbit. The mechanism is expected to be
particularly effective for the class of small and moderate storms possessing a
long-lasting recovery phase during which many substorms occur.


title: Modelling a Parasystolic Rhythm in a Heart-Transplant Patient

abstract:
  A parasystole from a heart-transplant patient is analysed using a
beat-to-beat RR interval time series obtained from an electrocardiogram (ECG).
The dysrhythmia, resulting from the co-existence of two pacemakers, the sinus
node and an ectopic focus, presents distinctive regular patterns, with
transitions from one pattern to another occurring abruptly. It is shown that
the parasystolic rhythm can be simulated by a model involving two oscillators
firing at fixed rates, under the restriction that neither is allowed to fire
during the other's refractory period. It is found that the structure of the
generated RR time series is essentially determined by the ratio of the period
of the two oscillators. In the case of a heart-transplant patient with a small
heart-rate variability as a result of heart denervation, the model predicts the
RR intervals with an error of less than 6% for an 80-beat sequence. From a
physiological point of view, the results imply that the interaction between the
two pacemakers in the heart is fairly weak, and hence the parasystole observed
in the heart-transplant patient can be modelled as a pure parasystole.


title: A charged space as the origin of sources, fields and potentials

abstract:
  The wave function $\psi$ is interpreted as charge density, or charge
distribution, at each point in space. This is a physical interpretation of
$\psi$. The notion of speed can be associated with $\psi$, which leads to the
concept of conduction currents and (displacement) convection currents. The
charge distribution is the origin of electrical and mechanical sources,
potentials and fields. The notion of self potential is essential for defining
electrical or mechanical sources. Maxwell's equations are derived from the
condition of charge conservation and mass conservation. There are two methods
of modelling the mass of a charge: The mass of a charge is its electrostatic
energy. The mass of a charge is the energy of the Zero Point Field (ZPF) that
interacts with the point charge. It is shown that the two models are related by
a simple energy equation for a particle at rest.


title: Muonium Spectroscopy

abstract:
  The electromagnetic interactions of electrons and muons can be described to
very high accuracy within the framework of standard theory, in particular
within the hydrogen-like muonium atom. Therefore precision measurements allow
to test basic interactions in physics and to search for yet unknown forces.
Accurate values for fundamental constants can be obtained. Results from
experiments on the ground state hyperfine structure and the 1s-2s intervals in
muonium are described together with their relations to a new measurement of the
muon magnetic anomaly.


title: On the Origin of Time

abstract:
  Herein it is shown that mass and time in the rest frame as well as
relativistically enlarged mass and dilated time in the moving frame are of like
origin. This implies that the former are generated by the movement of a fourth
spatial dimension of matter relative to a four-dimensional manifold.


title:
Fractal features of dark, maintained, and driven neural discharges in
  the cat visual system

abstract:
  We employ a number of statistical measures to characterize neural discharge
activity in cat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and in their target lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons under various stimulus conditions, and we
develop a new measure to examine correlations in fractal activity between
spike-train pairs. In the absence of stimulation (i.e., in the dark), RGC and
LGN discharges exhibit similar properties. The presentation of a constant,
uniform luminance to the eye reduces the fractal fluctuations in the RGC
maintained discharge but enhances them in the target LGN discharge, so that
neural activity in the pair no longer mirror each other. A drifting-grating
stimulus yields RGC and LGN driven spike trains similar in character to those
observed in the maintained discharge, with two notable distinctions: action
potentials are reorganized along the time axis so that they occur only during
certain phases of the stimulus waveform, and fractal activity is suppressed.
Under both uniform-luminance and drifting-grating stimulus conditions (but not
in the dark), the discharges of pairs of LGN cells are highly correlated over
long time scales; in contrast discharges of RGCs are nearly uncorrelated with
each other. This indicates that action-potential activity at the LGN is subject
to a common fractal modulation to which the RGCs are not subjected.


title:
Quantum-like approach to the transversal and longitudinal beam dynamics.
  The halo problem

abstract:
  An interpretation of the formation of halo in accelerators based on
quantum-like theory by a diffraction model is given in terms of the transversal
beam motion. Physical implications of the longitudinal dynamics are also
examined.


title: Inertial Mass, Its Mechanics - What It Is; How It Operates

abstract:
  The behavior of mass is well known, as described by Newton's Laws of Motion,
the Lorentz Contractions, and Einstein's mass - energy equivalence. But just
what mass is, how those behaviors come about, what in material reality produces
the effects of mass, has been little understood.
  The only extant hypothesis is that of the "Higgs Field" and its related
particle, the Higgs Boson. Neither has been detected in spite of significant
efforts to do so. Further, that hypothesis is not so much a description of the
mechanics of mass as a further abstraction away from the problem by
substituting another field to explain what is not well understood.
  From a starting point of only the limitation on the speed of light, the
necessity of conservation, and the impossibility of an infinity in material
reality, the present paper presents a new and comprehensive analysis of the
phenomenon inertial mass:
  - how rest mass appears in particles,
  - how the Newtonian behavior arises from that, and
  - how the Lorentz Contractions operate in/on it, or, in other words, the
mechanics of inertial mass.


title: The use of relativistic action in strong-field nonlinear photoionization

abstract:
  Nonlinear relativistic ionization phenomena induced by a strong linearly
polarized laser field are considered. The starting point is the classical
relativistic action for a free electron moving in the electromagnetic field
created by a strong laser beam. This action has been used to calculate
semiclassical transition rates. Simple analytical expressions for the
ionization rate, the photoelectron emission velocity and for the drift momentum
distribution of the photoelectron have been found. The analytical formulas
apply to nonrelativistic bound systems as well as to initial states with an
energy corresponding to the upper boundary of the lower continuum and to the
tunnel as well as the multiphoton regime. In the case of a nonrelativistic
bound system we recover the Keldysh formula for the ionization rate.
Relativistic effects in the initial state lead to a weak enhancement of the
rate of sub-barrier ionization and to the appearance of a nonzero photoelectron
leaving velocity.


title: Parametric Excitation of Alfven Waves by Gravitational Radiation

abstract:
  We consider the parametric excitation of Alfven waves by gravitational
radiation propagating on a Minkowski background, parallel to an external
magnetic field. As a starting point, standard ideal MHD equations incorporating
the curvature of space-time has been derived. The growth rate of the Alfven
waves has been calculated, using the normal mode approach. Various
astrophysical applications of our investigations are discussed, and finally we
demonstrate that the coupling coefficients of the interacting modes fulfill the
Manley-Rowe relations.


title:
Investigation of $^{4}He_{3}$ trimer on the base of Faddeev equations in
  configuration space

abstract:
  Precise numerical calculations of bound states of a three-atomic Helium
cluster are performed. The modern techniques of solution of Faddeev equations
are combined to obtain an efficient numerical scheme. Binding energies and
other observables for ground and excited states are calculated. Geometric
properties of the clusters are discussed.


title: Renormalization Group Studies of Vertex Models

abstract:
  In this thesis we use renormalization group methods to study the critical
behaviour of the staggered F-model. This model is a six vertex model that can
be used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of a facet of a BCC crystal
in the (100) direction.


title:
Diversity Assessment Based on a Higher Similarity-Higher Entropy
  Relation after Rejection of Gibbs Paradox

abstract:
  The diversity of the symbols of the information source is calculated
following the definition that entropy is the information loss and following a
new entropy-symbol similarity relation after the rejection of the Gibbs paradox
statement. Diversity in a range of 0 to 1, an index similar to Shannon's
redundancy, decreases with the increase in the species similarities. A pairwise
similarity formula has been defined and used to demonstrated that the diversity
expression gives the expected diversity. The higher entropy-higher similarity
relation leads to the higher information-higher diversity relation.


title:
High Precision Ionization Chamber for Relative Intensity Monitoring of
  Synchrotron Radiation

abstract:
  A single channel, high precision ionization chamber has been built for
monitoring the relative intensity of X-rays in the energy range above 5 keV. It
can be used in experiments, such as EXAFS, where simultaneous high precision
monitoring of the relative intensity during the actual experiment is required.
In this paper the construction of the chamber and its performance during test
measurements with an X-ray tube are presented.


title: On the form of Lorentz-Stern-Gerlach force

abstract:
  In recent times there has been a renewed interest in the force experienced by
a charged-particle with anomalous magnetic moment in the presence of external
fields. In this paper we address the basic question of the force experienced by
a spin-1/2 point-like charged-particle with magnetic and electric moments in
the presence of space-and time-dependent external electromagnetic fields, when
derived from the Dirac equation {\em via} the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation
technique. It is interesting to note that the force thus derived differs from
the ones obtained by various other prescriptions.


title:
Analyzing symmetry breaking within a chaotic quantum system via Bayesian
  inference

abstract:
  Bayesian inference is applied to the level fluctuations of two coupled
microwave billiards in order to extract the coupling strength. The coupled
resonators provide a model of a chaotic quantum system containing two coupled
symmetry classes of levels. The number variance is used to quantify the level
fluctuations as a function of the coupling and to construct the conditional
probability distribution of the data. The prior distribution of the coupling
parameter is obtained from an invariance argument on the entropy of the
posterior distribution.


title: HeXLN: A 2-Dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal

abstract:
  We report on the fabrication of what we believe is the first example of a two
dimensional nonlinear periodic crystal\cite{berger}, where the refractive index
is constant but in which the 2nd order nonlinear susceptibility is spatially
periodic. Such a crystal allows for efficient quasi-phase matched 2nd harmonic
generation using multiple reciprocal lattice vectors of the crystal lattice.
External 2nd harmonic conversion efficiencies > 60% were measured with
picosecond pulses. The 2nd harmonic light can be simultaneously phase matched
by multiple reciprocal lattice vectors, resulting in the generation of multiple
coherent beams. The fabrication technique is extremely versatile and allows for
the fabrication of a broad range of 2-D crystals including quasi-crystals.


title: Interaction of the Past of parallel universes

abstract:
  We constructed a model of five-dimensional Lorentz manifold with foliation of
codimension 1 the leaves of which are four-dimensional space-times. The Past of
these space-times can interact in macroscopic scale by means of large quantum
fluctuations. Hence, it is possible that our Human History consists of
"somebody else's" (alien) events.


title: Crater Property in Two-Particle Bound States: When and Why

abstract:
  Crater has shown that, for two particles (with masses $m_1$ and $m_2$) in a
Coulombic bound state, the charge distribution is equal to the sum of the two
charge distributions obtained by taking $m_1\to\infty$ and $m_2\to\infty$
respectively, while keeping the same Coulombic potential. We provide a simple
scaling criterion to determine whether an arbitrary Hamiltonian possesses this
property. In particular we show that, for a Coulombic system, fine structure
corrections preserve this Crater property while two-particle relativistic
corrections and/or hyperfine corrections may destroy it.

categories: physics.gen-ph physics.atom-ph physics.chem-ph physics.ed-ph


title: Rescaled range and transition matrix analysis of DNA sequences

abstract:
  In this paper we treat some fractal and statistical features of the DNA
sequences. First, a fractal record model of DNA sequence is proposed by mapping
DNA sequences to integer sequences, followed by R/S analysis of the model and
computation of the Hurst exponents. Second, we consider transition between the
four kinds of bases within DNA. The transition matrix analysis of DNA sequences
shows that some measures of complexity based on transition proportion matrix
are of interest. We use some measures of complexity to distinguish exon and
intron. Regarding the evolution, we find that for species of higher grade, the
transition rate among the four kinds of bases goes further from the
equilibrium.


title:
Dimensions of fractals related to languages defined by tagged strings in
  complete genomes

abstract:
  A representation of frequency of strings of length K in complete genomes of
many organisms in a square has led to seemingly self-similar patterns when K
increases. These patterns are caused by under-represented strings with a
certain "tag"-string and they define some fractals when K tends to infinite.
The Box and Hausdorff dimensions of the limit set are discussed. Although the
method proposed by Mauldin and Williams to calculate Box and Hausdorff
dimension is valid in our case, a different and simpler method is proposed in
this paper.


title:
Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education (Affiliated
  to the United Nations)

abstract:
  Education is a prerequisite to master the challenges of space science and
technology. Efforts to understand and control space science and technology are
necessarily intertwined with social expressions in the cultures where science
and technology is carried out. The United Nations is leading an effort to
establish regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education in major
regions on Earth. The status of the establishment of such institutions in Asia
and the Pacific, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Western Asia, and
Eastern Europe is briefly described in this article.


title: UN/ESA Workshops on Basic Space Science: An Update on Their Achievements

abstract:
  During the second half of the twentieth century, expensive observatories are
being erected at La Silla (Chile), Mauna Kea (Hawai), Las Palmas (Canary
Island), and Calar Alto (Spain), to name a view. In 1990, at the beginning of
The Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Bahcall [2]), the UN/ESA
Workshops on Basic Space Science initiated the establishment of small
astronomical telescope facilities, among them many particularly supported by
Japan, in developing countries in Asia and the Pacific (Sri Lanka,
Philippines), Latin America and the Caribbean (Colombia, Costa
  Rica, Honduras, Paraguay), and Western Asia (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco). The
annual UN/ESA Workshops continue to pursue an agenda to network these small
observatory facilities through similar research and education programmes and at
the same time encourage the incorporation of cultural elements predominant in
the respective cultures. Cross-cultural integration and multi-lingual
scientific cooperation may well be a dominant theme in the new millennium
(Pyenson [20]). This trend is supported by the notion that astronomy has deep
roots in virtually every human culture, that it helps to understand humanity's
place in the vast scale of the Universe, and that it increases the knowledge of
humanity about its origins and evolution=2E Two of these Workshops have been
organized in Europe (Germany 1996 and France 2000) to strengthen cooperation
between developing and industrialized countries.


title:
Atomic dynamics in evaporative cooling of trapped alkali atoms in strong
  magnetic fields

abstract:
  We investigate how the nonlinearity of the Zeeman shift for strong magnetic
fields affects the dynamics of rf field induced evaporative cooling in magnetic
traps. We demonstrate for the 87-Rb and 23-Na F=2 trapping states with wave
packet simulations how the cooling stops when the rf field frequency goes below
a certain limit (for the 85-Rb F=2 trapping state the problem does not appear).
We examine the applicability of semiclassical models for the strong field case
as an extension of our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 58, 3983 (1998)]. Our
results verify many of the aspects observed in a recent $^{87}$Rb experiment
[Phys. Rev. A 60, R1759 (1999)].


title: Test of CsI(Tl) crystals for the Dark Matter Search

abstract:
  Searches for weakly interacting massive particles(WIMP) can be based on the
dete ction of nuclear recoil energy in CsI(Tl) crystals. We demonstrate that
low energy gamma rays down to few keV is detected with CsI(Tl) crystal
detector. A clear peak at 6 keV is observed using X-ray source. Good energy
resolution and linearity have been achieved down to X-ray region. In addition,
we also show that alpha particles and gamma rays can be clearly separated using
the different time characteristics of the crystal.


title: A biological junction with quantum-like characteristics

abstract:
  A model of chemical synapse as an electric junction is proposed. Estimations
and analysis of the model show that the junction has unique physical
characteristics reminding the Josephson junction.


title: Antiproton transfer from antiprotonic Helium to noble gas contaminants

abstract:
  The state dependent quenching mechanism of metastable antiprotonic He atoms
by contaminants is suggested to explain existing experimental data. The effect
of antiproton transfer from the antiprotonic He to noble gas contaminants is
shown to play a significant role. Preliminary estimations have been done in the
framework of the coupled channels model. The obtained results support the idea
of strong dependence of quenching cross-sections on the antiprotonic states
quantum numbers and enable to explain qualitatively existing discrepancies
between experimental results, obtained for different contaminant densities. New
observable effects are predicted.


title: Theory of the tune shift due to linear coupling

abstract:
  The presence of skew quadrupole fields will linearly couple the x and y
motions. The x and y motions can then be written as the sum of two normal modes
>. This paper presents analytical perturbation theory results for the tunes of
the normal modes. The results for the normal mode tunes are first found correct
to lowest order in the skew quadrupole fields. The results are then carried one
step further to include the next higher order terms in the skew quadrupole
fields. These analytical results show that for the higher order shift in the
tune, the important harmonics of the skew quadrupole field are the harmonics
near the sum of the tunes. However the harmonics closest to the sum of the
tunes do not contribute to the higher order tune splitting, the seperation of
the tunes, as they shift the two tunes about equally.This results in a lack of
a dominant harmonic for the higher order part of the tune splitting, which
complicates the understanding and correction of the higher order part of the
tune splitting.


title:
Wild cables and survivability of macroscopic molecular structures in hot
  tokamak plasmas

abstract:
  The evidences for tubular rigid-body structures are found in tokamak plasmas,
which are similar to long-living filaments observed in a Z-pinch ([1]
Kukushkin, Rantsev-Kartinov, Proc. 26-th EPS conf.,
http://epsppd.epfl.ch/cross/p2087.htm). These structures are suggested to be a
"wild cables" produced by the channelling of EM energy pumped from the external
electric circuit and propagated to the plasma core in the form of the high
frequency EM waves along hypothetical (carbon) microsolid skeletons [1] which
are assembled during electric breakdown. It is shown that such skeletons may be
protected from the high-temperature ambient plasma by the TEM waves produced
thanks to the presence of microsolid skeletons.


title:
Possible Self-Organised Criticality and Dynamical Clustering of Traffic
  flow in Open Systems

abstract:
  We focus in this work on the study of traffic in open systems using a
modified version of an existing cellular automaton model. We demonstrate that
the open system is rather different from the closed system in its 'choice' of a
unique steady-state density and velocity distribution, independently of the
initial conditions, reminiscent of self-organised criticality. Quantities of
interest such as average densities and velocities of cars, exhibit phase
transitions between free flow and the jammed state, as a function of the
braking probability R in a way that is very different from closed systems.
Velocity correlation functions show that the concept of a dynamical cluster,
introduced earlier in the context of granular flow is also relevant for traffic
flow models.


title: The speed of gravity revisited

abstract:
  Recently Van Flandern concluded from astrophysical data that gravity
propagates faster than light. We demonstrate that the data can be explained by
current theory that does not permit superluminal speeds. We explain the origin
of apparently instantaneous connections, first within EM, and then within
strong-field GR.


title: Multiphoton radiative recombination of electron assisted by laser field

abstract:
  In the presence of an intensive laser field the radiative recombination of
the continuum electron into an atomic bound state generally is accompanied by
absorption or emission of several laser quanta. The spectrum of emitted photons
represents an equidistant pattern with the spacing equal to the laser
frequency. The distribution of intensities in this spectrum is studied
employing the Keldysh-type approximation, i.e. neglecting interaction of the
impact electron with the atomic core in the initial continuum state. Within the
adiabatic approximation the scale of emitted photon frequencies is subdivided
into classically allowed and classically forbidden domains. The highest
intensities correspond to emission frequencies close to the edges of
classically allowed domain. The total cross section of electron recombination
summed over all emitted photon channels exhibits negligible dependence on the
laser field intensity.


title:
Spatial Resolution of Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy with
  Sub-wavelength Aperture

abstract:
  The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to solve the
three dimensional Maxwell equation for the situation of near-field microscopy
using a sub-wavelength aperture. Experimental result on unexpected high spatial
resolution is reproduced by our computer simulation.


title:
A Phase Transistion in the Water Coupled to a Local External
  Perturbation

abstract:
  A flux of ideal fluid coupled to perturbation is investigated by
nonperturbative methods of the quantum field theory. Asymptotic behavior of the
flux coupled to perturbation turns out to be similiar to that of superfluids.


title: Critical Behavior of the Water Coupled to a Local External Perturbation

abstract:
  The response of inviscid incompressible unbounded fluid subject to a
localized external perturbation is studed. The physically relevant hypotheses
on the mode coupling mechanisma is justified by renormalization group method.
The scaling laws for the scalar and vector velocity potentials are derived. The
spectrum of energy of perturbed fluid versus the distance apart from
perturbation is computed.