title:
A Dirichlet-integral based dual-access collocation-kernel approach to
  point-source gravity-field modleing

abstract:
  Problems in $\mathbb{R}^3$ are addressed where the scalar potential of an
associated vector field satisfies Laplace's equation in some unbounded external
region and is to be approximated by unknown (point) sources contained in the
complimentary subregion. Two specific field geometries are considered:
$\mathbb{R}^3$ half-space and the exterior of an $\mathbb{R}^3$ sphere, which
are the two standard settings for geophysical and geoexploration gravitational
problems. For these geometries it is shown that a new type of kernel space
exists, which is labeled a Dirichlet-integral dual-access collocation-kernel
space (DIDACKS) and that is well suited for many applications. The DIDACKS
examples studied are related to reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and they have
a replicating kernel (as opposed to a reproducing kernel) that has the
ubiquitous form of the inverse of the distance between a field point and a
corresponding source point. Underpinning this approach are three basic
mathematical relationships of general interest. Two of these
relationships--corresponding to the two geometries--yield exact closed-form
inner products and thus exact linear equation sets for the corresponding point
source strengths of various types (i.e., point mass, point dipole and/or point
quadrupole sets) at specified source locations. The given field is
reconstructed not only in a point collocation sense, but also in a (weighted)
field-energy error-minimization sense.


title: Single beam interferometric angle measurement

abstract:
  We present an application of a quadrature phase interferometer to the
measurement of the angular position of a parallel laser beam with
interferometric precision. In our experimental realization we reach a
resolution of 6.8e-10 rad (1.4e-4 arcsec) for 1 kHz bandwidth in a 2e-2 rad (1
deg) range. This alternative to the optical lever technique features absolute
calibration, independence of the sensitivity on the thermal drifts, and wide
range of measurement at full accuracy.


title:
Investigating Diffusion Coefficient Using Dynamic Light Scattering
  Technique

abstract:
  In this work, the Z-average, effective, apparent diffusion coefficients and
their poly-dispersity indexes were investigated for dilute poly-disperse
homogeneous spherical particles in dispersion where the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye
approximation is valid. The results reveal that the values of the apparent and
effective diffusion coefficients at a scattering angle investigated are
consistent and the difference between the effective and Z-average diffusion
coefficients is a function of the mean particle size, size distribution and
scattering angle. For the small particles with narrow size distributions, the
Z-average diffusion coefficient can be got directly at any scattering angle.
For the small particles with wide size distributions, the Z-average diffusion
coefficient should be measured at a small scattering angle. For large
particles, in order to obtain a good approximate value of Z-average diffusion
coefficient, the wider the particle size distribution, the smaller the
scattering angle that the DLS data are measured. The poly-dispersity index of
the effective diffusion coefficient at a scattering angle investigated is
consistent with that of the Z-average diffusion coefficient and without
considering the influences of noises, the difference between the
poly-dispersity indexes of the Z-average and apparent diffusion coefficients is
determined by the mean particle size, size distribution and scattering angle
together.


title:
Octonionic Electromagnetic and Gravitational Interactions and Dark
  Matter

abstract:
  Based on Maxwellian quaternionic electromagnetic theory, the electromagnetic
interaction, gravitational interaction and their coupling influence with the
dark matter field in octonionic space are discussed. The research results
disclose the close relationships of dark matter field with electromagnetic and
gravitational interactions. In the electromagnetic interaction, the variation
of field energy density has direct effect on the force of charge and current.
In the modified gravitational interaction, the near coplanarity, near
circularity and corevolving of planetary orbits are deduced from the equations
set. The change of centrifugal force of celestial body leads to fluctuation of
revolution speed, when the field energy density, celestial body's angular
momentum in its sense of revolution or its mass spatial distribution varied. In
the dark matter field, the equations set reveal the movement properties of dark
matter in certain conditions and its influence on ordinary matter movements.
The research results explain that some observed abnormal phenomena about
celestial bodies are caused by either modified gravitational interaction or
dark matter.


title: Structure of the Wake of a Magnetic Obstacle

abstract:
  We use a combination of numerical simulations and experiments to elucidate
the structure of the flow of an electrically conducting fluid past a localized
magnetic field, called magnetic obstacle. We demonstrate that the stationary
flow pattern is considerably more complex than in the wake behind an ordinary
body. The steady flow is shown to undergo two bifurcations (rather than one)
and to involve up to six (rather than just two) vortices. We find that the
first bifurcation leads to the formation of a pair of vortices within the
region of magnetic field that we call inner magnetic vortices, whereas a second
bifurcation gives rise to a pair of attached vortices that are linked to the
inner vortices by connecting vortices.


title:
New version of PLNoise: a package for exact numerical simulation of
  power-law noises

abstract:
  In a recent paper I have introduced a package for the exact simulation of
power-law noises and other colored noises (E. Milotti, Comput. Phys. Commun.
{\bf 175} (2006) 212): in particular the algorithm generates $1/f^\alpha$
noises with $0 < \alpha \leq 2$. Here I extend the algorithm to generate
$1/f^\alpha$ noises with $2 < \alpha \leq 4$ (black noises). The method is
exact in the sense that it produces a sampled process with a theoretically
guaranteed range-limited power-law spectrum for any arbitrary sequence of
sampling intervals, i.e., the sampling times may be unevenly spaced.


title: Final Size Planar Edgeless Silicon Detectors for the TOTEM Experiment

abstract:
  The TOTEM experiment will detect leading protons scattered in angles of
microradians from the interaction point at the Large Hadron Collider. This will
be achieved using detectors with a minimized dead area at the edge. The
collaboration has developed an innovative structure at the detector edge
reducing the conventional dead width to less than 100 microns, still using
standard planar fabrication technology. In this new development, the current of
the surface is decoupled from the sensitive volume current within a few tens of
micrometers. The basic working principle is explained in this paper. Final size
detectors have been produced using this approach. The current-voltage and
current-temperature characteristics of the detectors were studied and the
detectors were successfully tested in a coasting beam experiment.


title:
Precision Spectroscopy of Molecular Hydrogen Ions: Towards Frequency
  Metrology of Particle Masses

abstract:
  We describe the current status of high-precision ab initio calculations of
the spectra of molecular hydrogen ions (H_2^+ and HD^+) and of two experiments
for vibrational spectroscopy. The perspectives for a comparison between theory
and experiment at a level of 1 ppb are considered.


title: Temperature bistability of charged dust particle in plasma

abstract:
  By computer numerical simulation of heating of a dust conducting particle in
homogeneous plasma it was shown that depending on initial temperature of a
particle both heating and cooling were possible with formation of two different
quasi-stable conditions - temperature bistability. The "hot" condition
corresponds to positive charge of the particle and "cold" condition corresponds
to negative charge. The stability of the "cold" state is provided by radiation
losses. The method of experimental observation of the effect was proposed.


title: Dynamical Organization of Cooperation in Complex Topologies

abstract:
  In this Letter, we study how cooperation is organized in complex topologies
by analyzing the evolutionary (replicator) dynamics of the Prisoner's Dilemma,
a two-players game with two available strategies, defection and cooperation,
whose payoff matrix favors defection. We show that, asymptotically, the
population is partitioned into three subsets: individuals that always cooperate
({\em pure cooperators}), always defect ({\em pure defectors}) and those that
intermittently change their strategy. In fact the size of the latter set is the
biggest for a wide range of the "stimulus to defect" parameter. While in
homogeneous random graphs pure cooperators are grouped into several clusters,
in heterogeneous scale-free (SF) networks they always form a single cluster
containing the most connected individuals (hubs). Our results give further
insights into why cooperation in SF networks is favored.


title: Working with simple machines

abstract:
  A set of examples is provided that illustrate the use of work as applied to
simple machines. The ramp, pulley, lever and hydraulic press are common
experiences in the life of a student and their theoretical analysis therefore
makes the abstract concept of work more real. The mechanical advantage of each
of these systems is also discussed so that students can evaluate their
usefulness as machines.


title:
Cancellation of the collisional frequency shift in caesium fountain
  clocks

abstract:
  We have observed that the collisional frequency shift in primary caesium
fountain clocks varies with the clock state population composition and, in
particular, is zero for a given fraction of the |F = 4, mF = 0> atoms,
depending on the initial cloud parameters. We present a theoretical model
explaining our observations. The possibility of the collisional shift
cancellation implies an improvement in the performance of caesium fountain
standards and a simplification in their operation. Our results also have
implications for test operation of fountains at multiple pi/2 pulse areas.


title: Second-order nonlinear mixing in planar photonic crystal microcavities

abstract:
  Second-harmonic and sum-frequency mixing phenomena associated with
3D-localized photonic modes are studied in InP-based planar photonic crystal
microcavities excited by short-pulse radiation near 1550 nm. Three-missing-hole
microcavities that support two closely-spaced modes exhibit rich second-order
scattering spectra that reflect intra- and inter-mode mixing via the bulk InP
chi(2) during ring-down after excitation by the broadband, resonant pulse.
Simultaneous excitation with a non-resonant source results in tunable
second-order radiation from the microcavity.


title: Multiple Solutions in Fluid Mechanics: Uncertainty of Convection

abstract:
  The nonlinear development of finite amplitude disturbances in mixed
convection flow in a heated vertical annulus is studied by direct numerical
simulation. The unsteady Navier Stokes equations are solved numerically by a
spectral method for different initial conditions. The results indicate that the
equilibrium state of the flow is not unique, but depends on the amplitude and
wavenumber of the initial disturbance. In all cases, the equilibrium state
consists of a single dominant mode with the wavenumber kf, and its
superharmonics. The range of equilibrium wavenumbers kf was found to be
narrower than the span of the neutral curve from linear theory. Flows with
wavenumbers outside this range, but within the unstable region of linear theory
are found to be unstable and to decay, but to excite another wave inside the
narrow band. This result is in agreement with the Eckhaus and Benjamin-Feir
sideband instability. The results also show that linearly stable long and short
waves can also excite a wave inside this narrow band through nonlinear wave
interaction. The results suggest that the selection of the equilibrium
wavenumber kf is due to a nonlinear energy transfer process which is sensitive
to initial conditions.


title: Phase Transition in Simplest Plasma Models

abstract:
  The properties of the first-order phase transition in a set of plasma models
with common feature - absence of individual correlations between charges of
op-posite sign, have been studied. Predicted discontinuities in equilibrium
non-uniform charge profiles have been calculated for the case of electron
distribution in atomic cell and some other similar situations. These anomalies
appear when some simple approximations are used and they may be naturally
interpreted in terms of discussed phase transition


title: Polarization resolved angular patterns in nematic liquid crystal cells

abstract:
  We study the angular structure of polarization of light transmitted through a
nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell by theoretically analyzing the polarization
state as a function of the incidence angles. For a uniformly aligned NLC cell,
the $4\times 4$ matrix formalism and the orthogonality relations are used to
derive the analytical expressions for the transmission and reflection matrices.
The polarization resolved angular patterns in the two-dimensional projection
plane are characterized in terms of the polarization singularities: C points
(points of circular polarization) and L lines (lines of linear polarization).
In the case of linearly polarized plane waves incident on the homeotropically
aligned cell, we present the results of detailed theoretical analysis
describing the structure of the polarization singularities. We apply the theory
to compute the polarization patterns for various orientational structures in
the NLC cell and discuss the effects induced by the director orientation and
biaxiality.


title: Generating phase shifts from pseudo state energy shifts

abstract:
  A simple way to generate low energy phase shifts for elastic scattering using
bound-state calculations is postulated, validated and applied to the problem of
e+ - Mg scattering. The essence of the method is to use the energy shift
between a small reference calculation and the largest possible calculation of
the lowest energy pseudo-state to tune a semi-empirical optical potential. The
L = 1 partial wave for e+ - Mg scattering is predicted to have a shape
resonance at an energy of about 0.13 eV. The value of Zeff at the center of the
resonance is about 1500.


title:
A Model for Predicting Magnetic Targeting of Multifunctional Particles
  in the Microvasculature

abstract:
  A mathematical model is presented for predicting magnetic targeting of
multifunctional carrier particles that are designed to deliver therapeutic
agents to malignant tissue in vivo. These particles consist of a nonmagnetic
core material that contains embedded magnetic nanoparticles and therapeutic
agents such as photodynamic sensitizers. For in vivo therapy, the particles are
injected into the vascular system upstream from malignant tissue, and captured
at the tumor using an applied magnetic field. The applied field couples to the
magnetic nanoparticles inside the carrier particle and produces a force that
attracts the particle to the tumor. In noninvasive therapy the applied field is
produced by a permanent magnet positioned outside the body. In this paper a
mathematical model is developed for predicting noninvasive magnetic targeting
of therapeutic carrier particles in the microvasculature. The model takes into
account the dominant magnetic and fluidic forces on the particles and leads to
an analytical expression for predicting their trajectory. An analytical
expression is also derived for predicting the volume fraction of embedded
magnetic nanoparticles required to ensure capture of the carrier particle at
the tumor. The model enables rapid parametric analysis of magnetic targeting as
a function of key variables including the size of the carrier particle, the
properties and volume fraction of the embedded magnetic nanoparticles, the
properties of the magnet, the microvessel, the hematocrit of the blood and its
flow rate.


title: Science and Engineering Education: Who is the Customer?

abstract:
  As education systems move toward business models of operation, there is a
strong tendency to misidentify the student as the customer. Misidentifying the
student as the customer leads to interpretation of the course credit or degree
as the product. The true product is the additional knowledge, skill, and
ability that course credit and degree should represent. Consequences are
potentially disastrous, because the notion that "the customer is always right"
can lead to the perceived product (course credit or degree) meeting the desires
of the misidentified "customer" (student) rather than the real product (value
added to student) meeting the standards of the properly identified customers
(future employers and taxpayers).


title: Acoustic measurement of potato cannon velocity

abstract:
  This article describes measurement of potato cannon velocity with a digitized
microphone signal. A microphone is attached to the potato cannon muzzle and a
potato is fired at an aluminum target about 10 m away. The potato's flight time
can be determined from the acoustic waveform by subtracting the time in the
barrel and time for sound to return from the target. The potato velocity is
simply the flight distance divided by the flight time.


title:
The Role of the Gouy Phase in the Coherent Phase Control of the
  Photoionization and Photodissociation of Vinyl Chloride

abstract:
  We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the Gouy phase of a
focused laser beam may be used to control the photo-induced reactions of a
polyatomic molecule. Quantum mechanical interference between one- and
three-photon excitation of vinyl chloride produces a small phase lag between
the dissociation and ionization channels on the axis of the molecular beam.
Away from the axis, the Gouy phase introduces a much larger phase lag that
agrees quantitatively with theory without any adjustable parameters.


title:
A model for the large-scale circulation in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard
  convection

abstract:
  A model for the large-scale circulation (LSC) dynamics of turbulent
Rayleigh-Benard convection is presented. It consists of two stochastic ordinary
differential equations motivated by the Navier-Stokes equation, one each for
the strength and the azimuthal orientation of the LSC. Stochastic forces
represent phenomenologically the action of the turbulent fluctuations on the
LSC. Without adjustable parameters, the model yields a meandering LSC with
occasional rotations, and with more rare cessations that occur a few times per
day -- differing only by about a factor of two from experiment. Also as in
experiments, the distribution of LSC orientation-change is uniform for
cessations and a power law for rotations.


title: Identifying Complex Networks by Random Walks

abstract:
  The possibility to identify the nature (e.g. random or scale free) of complex
networks while performing respective random walks is investigated with respect
to autonomous agents based on Bayesian decision theory and humans navigating
through a graphic-interactive interface. The results indicate that the type of
the network (choice between random and scale free models) can be correctly
estimated in most cases.


title: Ranking Scientific Publications Using a Simple Model of Network Traffic

abstract:
  To account for strong aging characteristics of citation networks, we modify
Google's PageRank algorithm by initially distributing random surfers
exponentially with age, in favor of more recent publications. The output of
this algorithm, which we call CiteRank, is interpreted as approximate traffic
to individual publications in a simple model of how researchers find new
information. We develop an analytical understanding of traffic flow in terms of
an RPA-like model and optimize parameters of our algorithm to achieve the best
performance. The results are compared for two rather different citation
networks: all American Physical Society publications and the set of high-energy
physics theory (hep-th) preprints. Despite major differences between these two
networks, we find that their optimal parameters for the CiteRank algorithm are
remarkably similar.


title: Multichannel Formalism for Positron-Hydrogen Scattering and Annihilation

abstract:
  A problem to account for the direct electron-positron annihilation in
positron-hydrogen scattering above the positronium formation threshold has been
resolved within the time independent formalism. The generalization of the
optical theorem is derived for the case when an absorption potential is present
in the Hamiltonian. With this theorem the annihilation cross section is fully
determined by scattering amplitudes. This allows us to separate out
analytically the contribution of the positronium formation from the overall
annihilation cross section. The rest is determined as the direct annihilation
cross section. It is done uniformly below as well as above the positronium
formation threshold. The multichannel three-body theory for scattering states
in the presence of an imaginary absorption potential is developed in order to
compute the direct $e^+ e^-$ annihilation amplitude. Special attention has been
paid to an accurate definition of the coordinate part of the absorption
potential as the properly constructed zero-range potential, which corresponds
to the delta-function originated from the first order perturbation theory. The
calculated direct annihilation cross section below the positronium formation
threshold is in good agreement with results of other authors. The direct
annihilation cross section computed with the formalism of the paper shows
nonsingular behavior at the positronium formation threshold and is in good
agreement with existing data. A number of $e^+ e^-$ direct annihilation cross
sections and positronium formation cross sections in the energy gap between
Ps$(1s)$ and H$(n=2)$ thresholds are reported. A sharp increase in the
calculated direct annihilation cross section across the resonant energy is
found for all first S and P-wave Feshbach resonances.


title:
Mesoscopic structure conditions the emergence of cooperation on social
  networks

abstract:
  We study the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma on two social networks obtained
from actual relational data. We find very different cooperation levels on each
of them that can not be easily understood in terms of global statistical
properties of both networks. We claim that the result can be understood at the
mesoscopic scale, by studying the community structure of the networks. We
explain the dependence of the cooperation level on the temptation parameter in
terms of the internal structure of the communities and their interconnections.
We then test our results on community-structured, specifically designed
artificial networks, finding perfect agreement with the observations in the
real networks. Our results support the conclusion that studies of evolutionary
games on model networks and their interpretation in terms of global properties
may not be sufficient to study specific, real social systems. In addition, the
community perspective may be helpful to interpret the origin and behavior of
existing networks as well as to design structures that show resilient
cooperative behavior.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.GM math.MP nlin.AO physics.comp-ph q-bio.PE


title:
Design considerations for table-top, laser-based VUV and X-ray free
  electron lasers

abstract:
  A recent breakthrough in laser-plasma accelerators, based upon ultrashort
high-intensity lasers, demonstrated the generation of quasi-monoenergetic
GeV-electrons. With future Petawatt lasers ultra-high beam currents of ~100 kA
in ~10 fs can be expected, allowing for drastic reduction in the undulator
length of free-electron-lasers (FELs). We present a discussion of the key
aspects of a table-top FEL design, including energy loss and chirps induced by
space-charge and wakefields. These effects become important for an optimized
table-top FEL operation. A first proof-of-principle VUV case is considered as
well as a table-top X-ray-FEL which may open a brilliant light source also for
new ways in clinical diagnostics.


title: A trip to the end of the universe and the twin paradox

abstract:
  In principle, the twin paradox offers the possibility to go on a trip to the
center of our galaxy or even to the end of our universe within life time. In
order to be a most comfortable journey the voyaging twin accelerates with
Earth's gravity. We developed some Java applets to visualize what both twins
could really measure, namely time signals and light coming from the surrounding
sky.


title:
Stability of Vertical Steady Rotation of an Ellipsoid On a Smooth
  Horizontal Plane

abstract:
  The article treats the classical problem of stability of steady rotation of a
rigid homogeneous ellipsoid on a rigid smooth plane which rotates about its
vertical axis. The condition for the steady rotation is derived from the
Euler-Poisson equations.


title: Stability and proton exchange in Te(OH)6

abstract:
  We consider the problem of mobility and localization of hydrogen atoms in the
Te(OH)6 crystals. The model of particles moving in a rapidly oscillating field
was used.


title: The use of cluster quality for track fitting in the CSC detector

abstract:
  The new particle accelerators and its experiments create a challenging data
processing environment, characterized by large amount of data where only small
portion of it carry the expected new scientific information. Modern detectors,
such as the Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC), achieve high accuracy of coordinate
measurements (between 50 to 70 microns). However, heavy physical backgrounds
can decrease the accuracy significantly. In the presence of such background,
the charge induced over adjacent CSC strips (cluster) is different from the
ideal Matheison distribution. The traditional least squares method which takes
the same ideal position error for all clusters loses its optimal properties on
contaminated data. A new technique that calculates the cluster quality and uses
it to improve the track fitting results is suggested. The algorithm is applied
on test beam data, and its performance is compared to other fitting methods. It
is shown that the suggested algorithm improves the fitting performance
significantly.


title:
Low-temperature differential-thermal analysis to measure variations in
  entropy

abstract:
  We describe how we can precisely measure variations in the entropy S of small
solid samples below room temperature, as a function the temperature T or the
external magnetic field H, respectively. A simple differential-thermal analysis
(DTA) technique allows, in principle, for the measurement of variations in S
without any instrumental broadening of the data. The method is particularly
well suited for the detection of sharp phase transitions in samples of
milligram size.


title: Generation of small-scale structures in the developed turbulence

abstract:
  The Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible liquid is considered in the
limit of infinitely large Reynolds number. It is assumed that the flow
instability leads to generation of steady-state large-scale pulsations. The
excitation and evolution of the small-scale turbulence is investigated. It is
shown that the developed small-scale pulsations are intermittent. The maximal
amplitude of the vorticity fluctuations is reached along the vortex filaments.
Basing on the obtained solution, the pair correlation function in the limit
$r\to 0$ is calculated. It is shown that the function obeys the Kolmogorov law
$r^{2/3}$.


title: On the role of superconducting shields for propellantless propulsion

abstract:
  We critically review our recent claims that it is possible to obtain a
propellantless propulsion device similar to electrodynamic tethers by means of
a closed wire partially shielded by a superconductor from the outer magnetic
field. We find that such a device is not possible as it violates basic physical
laws. Furthermore, we show what is the correct local picture for the currents
distribution within the superconductor.


title:
Accumulation and thermalization of cold atoms in a finite-depth magnetic
  trap

abstract:
  We experimentally and theoretically study the continuous accumulation of cold
atoms from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) into a finite depth trap, consisting in
a magnetic quadrupole trap dressed by a radiofrequency (RF) field. Chromium
atoms (52 isotope) in a MOT are continuously optically pumped by the MOT lasers
to metastable dark states. In presence of a RF field, the temperature of the
metastable atoms that remain magnetically trapped can be as low as 25 microK,
with a density of 10^17 atoms.m-3, resulting in an increase of the phase-space
density, still limited to 7.10^-6 by inelastic collisions. To investigate the
thermalization issues in the truncated trap, we measure the free evaporation
rate in the RF-truncated magnetic trap, and deduce the average elastic cross
section for atoms in the 5D4 metastable states, equal to 7.0 10^-16m2.


title: Effective networks for real-time distributed processing

abstract:
  The problem of real-time processing is one of the most challenging current
issues in computer sciences. Because of the large amount of data to be treated
in a limited period of time, parallel and distributed systems are required,
whose performance depends on a series of factors including the
interconnectivity of the processing elements, the application model and the
communication protocol. Given their flexibility for representing and modeling
natural and human-made systems (such as the Internet and WWW), complex networks
have become a primary choice in many research areas. The current work presents
how the concepts and methods of complex networks can be used to develop
realistic models and simulations of distributed real-time system while taking
into account two representative interconnection models: uniformly random and
scale free (Barabasi-Albert), including the presence of background traffic of
messages. The interesting obtained results include the identification of the
uniformly random interconnectivity scheme as being largely more efficient than
the scale-free counterpart.


title: Edgeless Silicon Detectors for the TOTEM Experiment

abstract:
  Silicon detectors for the Roman Pots of the large hadron collider TOTEM
experiment aim for full sensitivity at the edge where a terminating structure
is required for electrical stability. This work provides an innovative approach
reducing the conventional width of the terminating structure to less than 100
microns, still using standard planar fabrication technology. The objective of
this new development is to decouple the electric behaviour of the surface from
the sensitive volume within tens of microns. The explanation of the basic
principle of this new approach together with the experimental confirmation via
electric measurements and beam test are presented in this paper, demonstrating
that silicon detectors with this new terminating structure are fully
operational and efficient to under 60 microns from the die cut.


title: Opinion Crystallography: Polarizations, Symmetries, Bonds, and Bands

abstract:
  May randomness (real numbers, opinions) evolve into order (regularity) with
time? We study some polarization and symmetry properties, which emerge in time
evolution of opinions (real numbers) within entries of two and
three-dimensional lattices, which had initial randomness.


title: A new model for competition between many languages

abstract:
  Time evolutions of number of cities, population of cities, world population,
and size distribution of present languages are studied in terms of a new model,
where population of each city increases by a random rate and decreases by a
random division. World population and size distribution of languages come out
in good agreement with the available empirical data.


title:
Non-Riemannian geometry as a reason of the third modification of the
  space-time geometry

abstract:
  The third modification of the space-time geometry is considered. (The first
modification is the spacial relativity, the second one is the general
relativity.) After the third modification of the space-time geometry the motion
of free particles become to be primordially stochastic (multivariant). This
circumstance forces one to construct a multivariant dynamics. The multivariant
dynamics is the classical dynamics in the non-Riemannian space-time geometry.
The multivariant dynamics explains quantum effects without a reference to the
quantum principles. Elimination of quantum principles admits one to solve the
main problem of relativistic quantum theory: unification of the principles of
relativity with the nonrelativistic quantum principles.


title: Energy Barrier for an Ion Crossing an Intra-Membrane Channel

abstract:
  We present a simple approximate analytical estimate for self-energy of a
charge in the middle of cylindrical channel of a high permittivity epsilon_1 in
a media of a low permittivity epsilon_2 (for the cases of infinitely long and
comparatively short channels) and show that this estimate is in a good
quantitative agreement with exact solution of Poisson equation. Further, using
these estimates, we explain the observed a lower conductivity, caused by an
increased the self-free-energy for ions, whose diameter is by ~1 angstrom less
than that of the channel (as compared to ions, whose diameter is equal to that
of the channel).


title: Scaling and universality in proportional elections

abstract:
  A most debated topic of the last years is whether simple statistical physics
models can explain collective features of social dynamics. A necessary step in
this line of endeavour is to find regularities in data referring to large scale
social phenomena, such as scaling and universality. We show that, in
proportional elections, the distribution of the number of votes received by
candidates is a universal scaling function, identical in different countries
and years. This finding reveals the existence in the voting process of a
general microscopic dynamics that does not depend on the historical, political
and/or economical context where voters operate. A simple dynamical model for
the behaviour of voters, similar to a branching process, reproduces the
universal distribution.


title:
Antihydrogen, probed with classical polarization dependent wavelength
  (PDW) shifts in the Lyman series, proves QFT inconsistent on antimatter

abstract:
  Bound state QED uses the Sommerfeld-Dirac double square root equation to
obtain quartics (Mexican hat or double well curves), which can give away
left-right symmetry or chiral behavior for particle systems as in the SM. We
now show that errors of Bohr 2D fermion theory are classical H polarization
dependent wavelength (PDW) shifts. The observed H line spectrum exhibits a
quartic with critical n-values for phases 90 and 180 degrees: phase 90 refers
to circular H polarization (chiral behavior); phase 180 to linear H
polarization and inversion on the Coulomb field axis. These signatures probe H
polarization with 2 natural, mutually exclusive hydrogen quantum states +1 and
-1, i.e. H and H(bar). The H(bar) signatures are consistent with polarization
angles or phases, hidden in de Broglie's standing wave equation, which derives
from Compton's early experiments with sinusoidal wavelength shifts. Positive
pressures in the matter well (H) become negative in the antimatter well
(H(bar)), where they are linked with dark matter. We refute the widely spread
ban on natural H(bar) and prove why QED, a quartic generating quantum field
theory, classifies as inconsistent on neutral antimatter.


title:
Close contact fluctuations: the seeding of signalling domains in the
  immunological synapse

abstract:
  We analyse the size and density of thermally induced regions of close contact
in cell:cell contact interfaces within a harmonic potential approximation,
estimating these regions to be below one-tenth of a micron across. Our
calculations indicate that as the distance between the close contact threshold
depth and the mean membrane-membrane separation increases, the density of close
contact patches decreases exponentially while there is only a minimal variation
in their mean size. The technique developed can be used to calculate the
probability of first crossing in reflection symmetry violating systems.


title:
Dynamical interferences to probe short-pulse photoassociation of Rb
  atoms and stabilization of Rb_2 dimers

abstract:
  We analyze the formation of Rb_2 molecules with short photoassociation pulses
applied to a cold Rb-85 sample. A pump laser pulse couples a continuum level of
the ground electronic state X ^1\Sigma_{g}^+ with bound levels in the 0_{u}^+
(5S+5P_{1/2}) and 0_{u}^+ (5S+5P_{3/2}) vibrational series. The nonadiabatic
coupling between the two excited channels induces time-dependent beatings in
the populations. We propose to take advantage of these oscillations to design
further laser pulses that probe the photoassociation process via
photoionization or that optimize the stabilization in deep levels of the ground
state.


title:
The use of satellite and ground based measurements for estimating and
  reducing uncertainties in the spatial distribution of emissions of nitrogen
  oxides

abstract:
  We explore possibilities of improving the spatial structure of NOx emissions
employed in a continental scale chemistry transport model (CTM) by using
satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide and ground-based observations of
near surface ozone. In this study, we combine the tropospheric NO2 columns
derived from SCIAMACHY measurements, the data from the EMEP ozone-monitoring
network and the calculations performed with the CHIMERE CTM in the framework of
an advanced inverse modelling scheme. All data used in the study correspond to
the period of June-August 2003. The main distinctive feature of our inversion
scheme is that, in contrast to more common inverse modelling approaches, the
magnitudes of uncertainties in the input data are not explicitly predefined but
rather estimated consistently with the a posteriori emissions as a result of
the inversion. While the tropospheric NO2 columns are used for fitting the
spatial distribution of the emission parameters of the model, the ozone
observations are only used to estimate the averaged levels of uncertainties in
a priori emissions. We use our method in order to estimate and to reduce
uncertainties in the gridded (with the resolution of 1 degree) NOx emission
data for Europe, Middle East and Northern Africa. It is found that the a priori
emission estimates used in the standard version of CHIMERE are probably biased
in several regions. On average, the uncertainties in total NOx emissions are
estimated to be about 1.7 in terms of the geometric standard deviation in
Europe and about 2.1 outside of Europe. The corrected emission estimates
provide better agreement of the modelled results with observations for both NO2
columns and near surface concentrations of ozone.


title: The Antarctic climate anomaly and galactic cosmic rays

abstract:
  It has been proposed that galactic cosmic rays may influence the Earth's
climate by affecting cloud formation. If changes in cloudiness play a part in
climate change, their effect changes sign in Antarctica. Satellite data from
the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are here used to calculate the
changes in surface temperatures at all latitudes, due to small percentage
changes in cloudiness. The results match the observed contrasts in temperature
changes, globally and in Antarctica. Evidently clouds do not just respond
passively to climate changes but take an active part in the forcing, in
accordance with changes in the solar magnetic field that vary the cosmic-ray
flux.


title: Majority Model on a network with communities

abstract:
  We focus on the majority model in a topology consisting of two coupled
fully-connected networks, thereby mimicking the existence of communities in
social networks. We show that a transition takes place at a value of the
inter-connectivity parameter. Above this value, only symmetric solutions
prevail, where both communities agree with each other and reach consensus.
Below this value, in contrast, the communities can reach opposite opinions and
an asymmetric state is attained. The importance of the interface between the
sub-networks is shown.


title: Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Generalized Energy Spectra

abstract:
  A general framework that incorporates the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan (IK) and
Goldreich-Sridhar (GS) phenomenalogies of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence
is developed. This affords a clarification of the regime of validity of the IK
model and hence help resolve some controversies in this problem.


title: Growing network with j-redirection

abstract:
  A model for growing information networks is introduced where nodes receive
new links through j-redirection, i.e. the probability for a node to receive a
link depends on the number of paths of length j arriving at this node. In
detail, when a new node enters the network, it either connects to a randomly
selected node, or to the j -ancestor of this selected node. The j -ancestor is
found by following j links from the randomly selected node. The system is shown
to undergo a transition to a phase where condensates develop. We also find
analytical predictions for the height statistics and show numerically the
non-trivial behaviour of the degree distribution.


title: Optical echo in photonic crystals

abstract:
  The dynamics of photonic wavepacket in the effective oscillator potential is
studied. The oscillator potential is constructed on a base of one dimensional
photonic crystal with a period of unit cell adiabatically varied in space. The
structure has a locally equidistant discrete spectrum. This leads to an echo
effect, i.e. the periodical reconstruction of the packet shape. The effect can
be observed in a nonlinear response of the system. Numerical estimations for
porous-silicon based structures are presented for femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser
pump.


title:
Measurement of the Absorption Spectrum of water ion in the Visible
  Region

abstract:
  Together with the 74 lines belonging to (0,9,0)-(0,0,0) band, the
high-resolution absorption spectrum of H2O+ was observed in the visible region
of 16680 -17300 (cm-1) using optical heterodyne magnetic rotation enhanced
velocity modulation spectroscopy for the first time, which verifies the high
sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio (S/N) of this technique.


title:
Attosecond time-scale multi-electron collisions in the Coulomb four-body
  problem: traces in classical probability densities

abstract:
  In the triple ionization of the Li ground state by single photon absorption
the three electrons escape to the continuum mainly through two collision
sequences with individual collisions separated by time intervals on the
attosecond scale. We investigate the traces of these two collision sequences in
the classical probability densities. We show that each collision sequence has
characteristic phase space properties which distinguish it from the other.
Classical probability densities are the closest analog to quantum mechanical
densities allowing our results to be directly compared to quantum mechanical
results.


title:
Experimental Results from an Antineutrino Detector for Cooperative
  Monitoring of Nuclear Reactors

abstract:
  Our collaboration has designed, installed, and operated a compact
antineutrino detector at a nuclear power station, for the purpose of monitoring
the power and plutonium content of the reactor core. This paper focuses on the
basic properties and performance of the detector. We describe the site, the
reactor source, and the detector, and provide data that clearly show the
expected antineutrino signal. Our data and experience demonstrate that it is
possible to operate a simple, relatively small, antineutrino detector near a
reactor, in a non-intrusive and unattended mode for months to years at a time,
from outside the reactor containment, with no disruption of day-to-day
operations at the reactor site. This unique real-time cooperative monitoring
capability may be of interest for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
reactor safeguards program and similar regimes.


title:
Johnson(-like)-Noise-Kirchhoff-Loop Based Secure Classical Communicator
  Characteristics, for Ranges of Two to Two Thousand Kilometers, via Model-Line

abstract:
  A pair of Kirchhoff-Loop-Johnson(-like)-Noise communicators, which is able to
work over variable ranges, was designed and built. Tests have been carried out
on a model-line performance characteristics were obtained for ranges beyond the
ranges of any known direct quantum communication channel and they indicate
unrivalled signal fidelity and security performance of the exchanged raw key
bits. This simple device has single-wire secure key generation and sharing
rates of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 bit/second for corresponding copper wire
diameters/ranges of 21 mm / 2000 km, 7 mm / 200 km, 2.3 mm / 20 km, and 0.7 mm
/ 2 km, respectively and it performs with 0.02% raw-bit error rate (99.98 %
fidelity). The raw-bit security of this practical system significantly
outperforms raw-bit quantum security. Current injection breaking tests show
zero bit eavesdropping ability without triggering the alarm signal, therefore
no multiple measurements are needed to build an error statistics to detect the
eavesdropping as in quantum communication. Wire resistance based breaking tests
of Bergou-Scheuer-Yariv type give an upper limit of eavesdropped raw bit ratio
of 0.19 % and this limit is inversely proportional to the sixth power of cable
diameter. Hao's breaking method yields zero (below measurement resolution)
eavesdropping information.


title:
Storage-ring measurement of the hyperfine induced 47Ti18+(2s 2p 3P0 ->
  2s2 1S0) transition rate

abstract:
  The hyperfine induced 2s 2p 3P0 > 2s2 1S0 transition rate AHFI in
berylliumlike 47Ti18+ was measured. Resonant electron-ion recombination in a
heavy-ion storage ring was employed to monitor the time dependent population of
the 3P0 state. The experimental value AHFI=0.56(3)/s is almost 60% larger than
theoretically predicted.


title:
Use of the neBEM solver to Compute the 3D Electrostatic Properties of
  Comb Drives

abstract:
  Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) comb drives are used for both as
sensors and actuators. As a result, they have been considered to be very
important in MEMS technology and has been under intense study for last few
years. The actuation and the sensitivity are both dependent in a major way on
the electrostatic configuration of the comb structure. As a result, accurate
estimation of the electrostatic configuration of comb drives is crucial in both
design and interpretation phases. The nearly exact Boundary Element Method
(neBEM) solver has been developed recently and used successfully to solve
difficult problems related to electrostatics. This solver uses exact analytic
expression for computing the influence of singularity distributions instead of
adopting the conventional and convenient approximation of nodal concentration
of charges. Due to the exact foundation expressions, the solver has been found
to be exceptionally accurate in the complete physical domain, including the
near field. In this work, we explore the possibility of using the neBEM solver
to solve 3D electrostatic problems related to comb drives. In particular, we
investigate the relationship between the accuracy achieved and the
computational expenses incurred for a realistic comb drive geometry. In the
process, we estimate the charge density distribution, potential distribution
and the capacitance of the comb structure. The study has led us to the
conclusion that the neBEM solver can yield very accurate estimates of all the
properties of interest at a reasonable computational expenditure.


title:
Loss of Cell-Substrate Adhesion Leads to Periodic Shape Oscillations in
  Fibroblasts

abstract:
  We report the phenomenon of periodic shape oscillations occurring in 3T3
fibroblasts merely as a consequence of a loss of cell-substrate adhesion. The
oscillatory behavior can last many hours at a constant frequency, and can be
switched off and on using chemical agents. This robustness allows for the
extraction of quantitative data using single cells. We demonstrate that the
frequency of oscillations increases with increasing actomyosin contractility.
Both the Myosin Light Chain Kinase as well as the Rho Kinase pathways are shown
to operate during this process. Further, we reveal significant similarities
between the oscillatory dynamics and the commonly observed phenomenon of
blebbing. We show that both these processes ceases when extracellular calcium
is depleted or when stretch activated calcium channels are blocked. This, along
with the fact that these dynamical processes require actomyosin contactility
points towards strong similarities in the respective mechanisms. Finally, we
speculate on a possible mechanism for the observed dynamical phenomena.


title: Hypernetted chain calculations for two-component plasmas

abstract:
  We have performed HNC calculations for dense beryllium plasma as studied
experimentally using x-ray Thomson scattering, recently. We treated
non-equilibrium situations with different electron and ion temperatures which
are relevant in pump-probe experiments on ultra-short time scales. To consider
quantum effects adequately, we used effective pair potentials to describe the
interactions. Results are compared with classical as well as quantum corrected
Debye model calculations.


title: Numerical Program for Computing $\Phi^3$ Amplitudes

abstract:
  A computing program in Matlab is given that computes amplitudes in scalar
$\phi^3$ theory. The program is partitioned into several parts and a simple
guide is given for its use.


title: Einstein and the Early Theory of Superconductivity, 1919-1922

abstract:
  Einstein's early thoughts about superconductivity are discussed as a case
study of how theoretical physics reacts to experimental findings that are
incompatible with established theoretical notions. One such notion that is
discussed is the model of electric conductivity implied by Drude's electron
theory of metals, and the derivation of the Wiedemann-Franz law within this
framework. After summarizing the experimental knowledge on superconductivity
around 1920, the topic is then discussed both on a phenomenological level in
terms of implications of Maxwell's equations for the case of infinite
conductivity, and on a microscopic level in terms of suggested models for
superconductive charge transport. Analyzing Einstein's manuscripts and
correspondence as well as his own 1922 paper on the subject, it is shown that
Einstein had a sustained interest in superconductivity and was well informed
about the phenomenon. It is argued that his appointment as special professor in
Leiden in 1920 was motivated to a considerable extent by his perception as a
leading theoretician of quantum theory and condensed matter physics and the
hope that he would contribute to the theoretical direction of the experiments
done at Kamerlingh Onnes' cryogenic laboratory. Einstein tried to lived up to
these expectations by proposing at least three experiments on the phenomenon,
one of which was carried out twice in Leiden. Compared to other theoretical
proposals at the time, the prominent role of quantum concepts was
characteristic of Einstein's understanding of the phenomenon. The paper
concludes with comments on Einstein's epistemological reflections on the
problem.


title: Gravitational collapses to bodies of a finite volume

abstract:
  We prove with an exact relativistic computation that the spherosymmetric
gravitational collapses with a time-dependent pressure end in bodies with a
small, but finite volume. Against a diffuse, wrong conviction.


title:
Theory of Small Para-Hydrogen Clusters: Magic Numbers and Superfluid
  Sizes

abstract:
  The interplay between magic number stabilities and superfluidity of small
para-hydrogen clusters with sizes $N = 5$ to 40 and temperatures $0.5 K \leq T
\leq 4.5 $K is explored with classical and quantum Path Integral Monte Carlo
calculations. Clusters with $N < 26$ and T $\leq 1.5 K$ have large superfluid
fractions even at the stable magic numbers 13, 19, and 23. In larger clusters,
superfluidity is quenched especially at the magic numbers 23, 26, 29, 32, and
37 while below 1 K, superfluidity is recovered for the pairs $(27,28)$,
$(30,31)$, and $(35,36)$. For all clusters superfluidity is localized at the
surface and correlates with long exchange cycles involving loosely bound
surface molecules.


title: Tasting edge effects

abstract:
  We show that the baking of potato wedges constitutes a crunchy example of
edge effects, which are usually demonstrated in electrostatics. A simple model
of the diffusive transport of water vapor around the potato wedges shows that
the water vapor flux diverges at the sharp edges in analogy with its
electrostatic counterpart. This increased evaporation at the edges leads to the
crispy taste of these parts of the potatoes.


title: A supersonic beam of cold lithium hydride molecules

abstract:
  We have developed a source of cold LiH molecules for Stark deceleration and
trapping experiments. Lithium metal is ablated from a solid target into a
supersonically expanding carrier gas. The translational, rotational and
vibrational temperatures are 0.9(0.1) K, 5.9(0.5) K and 468(17) K respectively.
Although they have not reached thermal equilibrium with the carrier gas, we
estimate that 90% of the LiH molecules are in the ground state, X^{1}
\Sigma^{+} (v=0, J=0). With a single 7 ns ablation pulse, the number of
molecules in the ground state is 4.5(1.8)*10^{7} molecules per steradian. A
second, delayed, ablation pulse produces another LiH beam in a different part
of the same gas pulse, thereby almost doubling the signal. A long pulse,
lasting 150 microseconds, can make the beam up to 15 times more intense.


title:
Factors Affecting the Precision of Electrostatic Computation of 3D MEMS
  Structures

abstract:
  Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) normally have fixed or moving
structures (plates or array of thin beams) with cross-sections of the order of
microns and lengths of the order of tens or hundreds of microns. Electrostatic
forces play a very major role in maneuvering these devices, and hence, a
thorough understanding of the electrostatic properties of these structures is
of critical importance. Recently, a nearly exact boundary element method
(neBEM) solver has been developed and used to solve difficult problems related
to electrostatics of various devices. Because of the exact foundation
expressions, this solver has been found to be very accurate while solving
critical problems which normally necessitate special formulations involving
elegant, but difficult mathematics. In this work, we investigate the effects of
various possible approximations on the 3D electrostatic solutions obtained for
MEMS structures. In particular, we investigate the effects of discretization,
omission of surfaces with small amount of charge accumulation on the final
results such as the charge distribution on various surfaces or capacitance of a
given MEMS structure.


title: Aromaticity in Polyacene Analogues of Inorganic Ring Compounds

abstract:
  The aromaticity in the polyacene analogues of several inorganic ring
compounds (BN-acenes, CN-acenes, BO-acenes and Na6-acenes) is reported here for
the first time. Conceptual density functional theory based reactivity
descriptors and the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values are used
in this analysis.


title:
A New GEM-like Imaging Detector with Electrodes Coated with Resistive
  Layers

abstract:
  We have developed and tested several prototypes of GEM-like detectors with
electrodes coated with resistive layers: CuO or CrO. These detectors can
operate stably at gains close to 10E5 and they are very robust. We discovered
that the cathodes of these detectors could be coated by CsI layers and in such
a way the detectors gain high efficiency for the UV photons. We also
demonstrated that such detectors can operate stably in the cascade mode and
high overall gains (~10E6) are reachable. This opens applications in several
areas, for example in RICH or in noble liquid TPCs. Results from the first
applications of these devices for UV photon detection at room and cryogenic
temperatures are given.


title:
Fluctuation theorem for entropy production during effusion of an ideal
  gas with momentum transfer

abstract:
  We derive an exact expression for entropy production during effusion of an
ideal gas driven by momentum transfer in addition to energy and particle flux.
Following the treatment in Phys. Rev. E Vol. 74, 021117 (2006), we construct a
master equation formulation of the process and explicitly verify the
thermodynamic fluctuation theorem, thereby directly exhibiting its extended
applicability to particle flows and hence to hydrodynamic systems.


title:
Depolarization regions of nonzero volume for anisotropic, cubically
  nonlinear, homogenized nanocomposites

abstract:
  An implementation of the strong-permittivity-fluctuation theory (SPFT) is
presented in order to estimate the constitutive parameters of a homogenized
composite material (HCM) which is both cubically nonlinear and anisotropic.
Unlike conventional approaches to homogenization, the particles which comprise
the component material phases are herein assumed to be small but not
vanishingly small. The influence of particle size on the estimates of the HCM
constitutive parameters is illustrated by means of a representative numerical
example. It is observed that, by taking the nonzero particle size into
consideration, attenuation is predicted and nonlinearity enhancement is
somewhat diminished. In these respects, the effect of particle size is similar
to that of correlation length within the bilocally-approximated SPFT.


title: Clustering in Complex Directed Networks

abstract:
  Many empirical networks display an inherent tendency to cluster, i.e. to form
circles of connected nodes. This feature is typically measured by the
clustering coefficient (CC). The CC, originally introduced for binary,
undirected graphs, has been recently generalized to weighted, undirected
networks. Here we extend the CC to the case of (binary and weighted) directed
networks and we compute its expected value for random graphs. We distinguish
between CCs that count all directed triangles in the graph (independently of
the direction of their edges) and CCs that only consider particular types of
directed triangles (e.g., cycles). The main concepts are illustrated by
employing empirical data on world-trade flows.


title: Volatility Dynamics of Wavelet-Filtered Stock Prices

abstract:
  Volatility dynamics of wavelet - filtered stock price time series is studied.
Using the universal thresholding method of wavelet filtering and a principle of
minimal linear autocorrelation of noise component we find that the quantitative
characteristics of volatility dynamics of denoised series are noticeably
different from those of the raw data and the noise.


title: Three Questions on Lorentz Violation

abstract:
  We review the basics of the two most widely used approaches to Lorentz
violation - the Stardard Model Extension and Noncommutative Field Theory - and
discuss in some detail the example of the modified spectrum of the synchrotron
radiation. Motivated by touching upon such a fundamental issue as Lorentz
symmetry, we ask three questions: What is behind the search for Lorentz
violation? Is String Theory a physical theory? Is there an alternative to
Supersymmetry?

categories: physics.pop-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.gen-ph


title:
Stopping and Time Reversal of Light in Dynamic Photonic Structures via
  Bloch Oscillations

abstract:
  It is theoretically shown that storage and time-reversal of light pulses can
be achieved in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide by dynamic tuning of the
cavity resonances without maintaining the translational invariance of the
system. The control exploits the Bloch oscillation motion of a light pulse in
presence of a refractive index ramp, and it is therefore rather different from
the mechanism of adiabatic band compression and reversal proposed by Yanik and
Fan in recent works [M.F. Yanik and S. Fan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 083901 (2004);
Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 173903 (2004)].


title:
Observable effects caused by vacuum pair creation in the field of
  high-power optical lasers

abstract:
  We consider the possibility of an experimental proof of vacuum e+e- pair
creation in the focus of two counter-propagating optical laser beams with an
intensity of the order of 10^20 - 10^22 W/cm^2. Our approach is based on the
collisionless kinetic equation for the distribution function of the e+e- pairs
with the source term for particle production. As a possible experimental signal
of vacuum pair production we consider the refraction of a high-frequency probe
laser beam by the produced e+e- plasma to be observed by an interference
filter. The generation of higher harmonics of the laser frequency in the
self-consistent electric field is also investigated.


title:
NMscatt: a program for calculating inelastic scattering from large
  biomolecular systems using classical force-field simulations

abstract:
  Computational tools for normal mode analysis, which are widely used in
physics and materials science problems, are designed here in a single package
called NMscatt (Normal Modes & scattering) that allows arbitrarily large
systems to be handled. The package allows inelastic neutron and X-ray
scattering observables to be calculated, allowing comparison with experimental
data produced at large scale facilities. Various simplification schemes are
presented for analysing displacement vectors, which are otherwise too
complicated to understand in very large systems.


title: Laser acceleration of ion beams

abstract:
  We consider methods of charged particle acceleration by means of
high-intensity lasers. As an application we discuss a laser booster for heavy
ion beams provided, e.g. by the Dubna nuclotron. Simple estimates show that a
cascade of crossed laser beams would be necessary to provide additional
acceleration to gold ions of the order of GeV/nucleon.


title: Nonlinear management of the angular momentum of soliton clusters

abstract:
  We demonstrate an original approach to acquire nonlinear control over the
angular momentum of a cluster of solitary waves. Our model, derived from a
general description of nonlinear energy propagation in dispersive media, shows
that the cluster angular momentum can be adjusted by acting on the global
energy input into the system. The phenomenon is experimentally verified in
liquid crystals by observing power-dependent rotation of a two-soliton cluster.


title: Magnification of mantle resonance as a cause of tectonics

abstract:
  Variance spectral analysis of superconducting gravimeter (SG) decadal data
(noise inclusive) is presented suggesting that the Earth tectonogenesis is
based on magnification of the mass (mainly the mantle) mechanical resonance, in
addition to or instead of previously hypothesized causes. Here the use of raw
(gapped and unaltered) data is regarded as the criterion for a physical result
validity, so data were not altered in any way. Then analogously to the
atmospheric tidal forcing of global high frequency free oscillation, I propose
that the Moon synodically recurring pull could likewise drive the long-periodic
(12 to 120 minutes) oscillation of the Earth. To demonstrate this, I show that
the daily magnitudes of mass (gravity) oscillation, as a relative measure of
the non-stationary Earth kinetic energy, get synodically periodic while
correlating up to 0.97 with seismic energies on the day of shallow and 3 days
before deep earthquakes. The forced oscillator equations for the mantle usual
viscosity and the Earth springtide and grave mode periods successfully model an
identical 3 days phase. Finally, whereas reports on gravest earthquakes (of
around M9.5) put the maximum coseismic displacement at around 10 m, the same
equations predict the maximum displacement as 9.8 m, too. Hence, the same
mechanism that causes bridges to collapse under the soldiers step marching
could be making the lithosphere fail under the springtide induced magnification
of mantle resonance resulting in strong earthquakes of unspecified type. If
this assertion is correct, then many if not most large earthquakes could be
spatially and temporally predictable.

categories: physics.geo-ph astro-ph.EP physics.class-ph physics.data-an


title: On the Combining Significances

abstract: We present the statistical approach to the combining of signal significances.


title: Optical Scar in a chaotic fibre

abstract:
  We propose to use a multimode optical fiber with a D-shaped cross section as
a privileged system to image wavefunctions of a chaotic system. Scar modes are
in particular the sub ject of our investigations. We study their imprints on
the statistics of intensity and we show how the introduction of a localized
gain region in the fiber is used to perform a selective excitation of scar
modes.

categories: physics.optics cond-mat.other cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.CD


title:
Expectation-driven interaction: a model based on Luhmann's contingency
  approach

abstract:
  We introduce an agent-based model of interaction, drawing on the contingency
approach from Luhmann's theory of social systems. The agent interactions are
defined by the exchange of distinct messages. Message selection is based on the
history of the interaction and developed within the confines of the problem of
double contingency. We examine interaction strategies in the light of the
message-exchange description using analytical and computational methods.


title:
N_2O weak lines observed between 3900 and 4050 cm^-1 from long path
  absorption spectra

abstract:
  Previously unobserved nitrous oxide transitions around 2.5 $\mu$m are
measured by intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) analyzed by
time-resolved Fourier transform (TRFT) spectrometer. With an accuracy of the
order of 10^-3 cm^-1, measured positions of 1637 assigned weak transitions are
provided. They belong to 42 vibrational transitions, among which 33 are
observed for the first time. These data are believed to be useful in particular
to monitoring atmosphere purposes.


title:
Dimension of holes and high-temperature condensate in Bose--Einstein
  statistics

abstract:
  We introduce the notion of weight for the lattice dimension and the notion of
topological dimension -- hole dimension. The condensate in Bose-holes exists in
the case when temperature in not low.


title:
Internal protein dynamics shifts the distance to the mechanical
  transition state

abstract:
  Mechanical unfolding of polyproteins by force spectroscopy provides valuable
insight into their free energy landscapes. Most phenomenological models of the
unfolding process are two-state and/or one dimensional, with the details of the
protein and its dynamics often subsumed into a zero-force unfolding rate and a
single distance $x_u^{1\textrm{D}}$ to the transition state. We consider the
entire phase space of a model protein under a constant force, and show that the
distance $x_u^{1\textrm{D}}$ contains a sizeable contribution from exploring
the full multidimensional energy landscape. Proteins with more degrees of
freedom are expected to have larger values for $x_u^{1\textrm{D}}$. We show
that externally attached flexible linkers also contribute to the measured
unfolding characteristics.


title:
Industrial Strength Software in Computer Based Engineering Education
  (CBEE): a Case Study

abstract:
  Challenging problems of modern engineering education and a role of
information technology are reviewed. An importance of simulation of real world
physical problems in both graduate and lifelong/corporate education is
discussed. It is proposed to integrate the hypermedia theory courseware with
industrial strength simulation software. As a proof of the concept an
educational environment "Heat and Mass Transfer in Advanced Semiconductor
Technology" has been developed.


title:
Galactic-bursts signatures in Antarctica 10Be spectra reveal
  cosmogenesis of climate switching

abstract:
  A very strong period of 3592+-57 yrs in 10Be deposition rates from Vostok ice
core raw data was detected and verified against concentration raw data at
Taylor Dome and Vostok. Data show Hallstadzeit Solar cycle at 2296+-57 yrs, and
indicate LaViolette period at 12500 yrs. The 99% confidence Gauss Vanicek
spectral analysis was used, making data alteration avoidable thus enabling data
separation that reflected cosmic ray background conditions at Galactic
boundary. After the separation only the new period remains and converges, hence
it is of extrasolar and Galactic origin. Since dominant spectral peaks from
10Be can only be explained by excesses in cosmic ray influx, the discovered
signature indicates bursts occurring regularly in a single source. Based on
recent sky surveys, Galactic Core makes the best candidate host for the bursts.
A previously reported 3600 yrs period in geomagnetic field declinations means
the discovered phase can overpower astronomical magnetic fields at distances
such as Galactic Core to Earth. The epoch of the most recent 10Be maximum is
estimated as 1085+-57, coinciding with 1054 to 1056 alleged account of Crab
supernova. The next maximum 10Be on Earth is predicted in year 4463+-57,
meaning Earth climate alternates due to geophysical or nonsolar cosmic forcing.

categories: physics.geo-ph astro-ph physics.ao-ph physics.space-ph


title: Numerical Simulation of the Perrin - like Experiments

abstract:
  A simple model of random Brownian walk of a spherical mesoscopic particle in
viscous liquids is proposed. The model can be both solved analytically and
simulated numerically. The analytic solution gives the known
Eistein-Smoluchowski diffusion law $<r^2> = Dt$ where the diffusion constant
$D$ is expressed by the mass and geometry of a particle, the viscosity of a
liquid and the average effective time between consecutive collisions of the
tracked particle with liquid molecules. The latter allows to make a simulation
of the Perrin experiment and verify in detailed study the influence of the
statistics on the expected theoretical results. To avoid the problem of small
statistics causing departures from the diffusion law we introduce in the second
part of the paper the idea of so called Artificially Increased Statistics (AIS)
and prove that within this method of experimental data analysis one can confirm
the diffusion law and get a good prediction for the diffusion constant even if
trajectories of just few particles immersed in a liquid are considered.


title: On an "interaction by moments" property of four center integrals

abstract:
  The four center integrals needed in the Hartree Fock approximation and in
TDDFT linear response are known to be difficult to calculate for orbitals of
the Slater type or of finite range. We show that the interaction of pairs of
products that do not mutually intersect may be replaced by the interaction of
their moments, of which there are O(N). Only quadruplets of orbitals 'close' to
one another need an explicit calculation and the total calculational effort
therefore scales as O(N). We provide a new and concise proof of this
"interaction by moments" property.


title: Electron-impact ionization of the metastable excited states of Li+

abstract:
  Electron-impact ionization cross sections for the 1s2s 1S and 1s2s 3S
metastable states of Li+ are calculated using both perturbative distorted-wave
and non-perturbative close-coupling methods. Term-resolved distorted-wave
calculations are found to be approximately 15% above term-resolved R-matrix
with pseudostates calculations. On the other hand, configuration-average
time-dependent close-coupling calculations are found to be in excellent
agreement with the configuration-average R-matrix with pseudostates
calculations. The non-perturbative R-matrix and close-coupling calculations
provide a benchmark for experimental studies of electron-impact ionization of
metastable states along the He isoelectronic sequence.


title: A Numerical Model-derived Boundary Layer Turbulence Product

abstract:
  A suite of numerical model-derived turbulence assessment products has
recently been developed by NESDIS/STAR and implemented on the World Wide Web.
The existing product suite is intended to provide turbulence information to
aircraft flying in the vicinity of the jet stream. Turbulence is also a
frequently occurring phenomenon in the boundary layer and may pose a threat to
low-flying aircraft and aircraft during the take-off and landing phases of
flight. Therefore, a numerical model-derived boundary layer turbulence product
is under development. The boundary layer turbulence index (TIBL) product is
designed to assess the potential for turbulence in the lower troposphere,
generated using National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Rapid
Update Cycle (RUC)-2 model data. The index algorithm approximates boundary
layer turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by parameterizing vertical wind shear,
responsible for mechanical production, and kinematic heat flux, responsible for
buoyant production. The TIBL product is expected to be most effective during
the afternoon hours in a regime characterized by a quasi-steady state
convective mixed layer. Preliminary case studies and validation have revealed a
strong correlation between the presence of TKE maxima and peak wind gust
magnitude observed at the surface in evolving morning or mature afternoon mixed
layers.


title: Classical Phase Space Revealed by Coherent Light

abstract:
  We study the far field characteristics of oval-resonator laser diodes made of
an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well. The resonator shapes are various oval geometries,
thereby probing chaotic and mixed classical dynamics. The far field pattern
shows a pronounced fine structure that strongly depends on the cavity shape.
Comparing the experimental data with ray-model simulations for a Fresnel
billiard yields convincing agreement for all geometries and reveals the
importance of the underlying classical phase space for the lasing
characteristics.


title:
Relativistic addition of perpendicular velocity components from the
  constancy of the speed of light

abstract:
  Mermin [Am. J. Phys. {\bf 51}, 1130--1131 (1983)] derived the relativistic
addition of the parallel components of velocity using the constancy of the
speed of light. In this note, the derivation is extended to the perpendicular
components of velocity.


title: The Design and Simulated Performance of a Coated Nano-Particle Laser

abstract:
  The optical properties of a concentric nanometer-sized spherical shell
comprised of an (active) 3-level gain medium core and a surrounding plasmonic
metal shell are investigated. Current research in optical metamaterials has
demonstrated that including lossless plasmonic materials to achieve a negative
permittivity in a nano-sized coated spherical particle can lead to novel
optical properties such as resonant scattering as well as transparency or
invisibility. However, in practice, plasmonic materials have high losses at
optical frequencies. It is observed that with the introduction of active
materials, the intrinsic absorption in the plasmonic shell can be overcome and
new optical properties can be observed in the scattering and absorption
cross-sections of these coated nano-sized spherical shell particles. In
addition, a "super" resonance is observed with a magnitude that is greater than
that for a tuned, resonant passive nano-sized coated spherical shell. This
observation suggests the possibility of realizing a highly sub-wavelength laser
with dimensions more than an order of magnitude below the traditional
half-wavelength cavity length criteria. The operating characteristics of this
coated nano-particle (CNP) laser are obtained numerically for a variety of
configurations.


title: Response to Feng Hao's paper "Kish's key exchange scheme is insecure"

abstract:
  In a forthcoming paper in IEE Proceedings Information Security, Feng Hao
claims that temperature inaccuracies make the key exchange scheme based on
Kirchhoff Loop with Johnson-like Noise insecure. First we point out that this
claim is irrelevant for the security of the idealized/mathematical communicator
because it violates basic assumptions. Furthermore, in general practical
applications, as it has been pointed out in the very first paper, the use of
thermal noise is disadvantageous therefore the issue of temperature and its
accuracy is unimportant even for the security of common practical realizations.
It is important to emphasize that any deviation from the idealized scheme can
lead to a finite level of security. Thus, if the above-mentioned author had
stressed the inaccuracy of the resistor values; his claim would have been
practically valid. However the impact of such systematic errors can be kept
under control. Here we cite our relevant analysis (Phys. Lett. A 359, (2006)
741-744) of 1% voltage inaccuracy along the line due to wire resistance
effects, which can be considered as a general result for inaccuracies of this
order. The necessity to build a statistics to extract information during the
properly chosen clock time leads to extremely poor eavesdropper statistics and
this situation provides a good practical raw bit security that can be orders of
magnitude beyond the raw bit security of idealized quantum communicators.


title:
Spin motion at and near orbital resonance in storage rings with Siberian
  Snakes. Part I: at orbital resonance

abstract:
  Here, and in a sequel, we invoke the invariant spin field to provide an
in--depth study of spin motion at and near low order orbital resonances in a
simple model for the effects of vertical betatron motion in a storage ring with
Siberian Snakes. This leads to a clear understanding, within the model, of the
behaviour of the beam polarisation at and near so--called snake resonances in
proton storage rings.


title: Correlations in Many Electron Systems: Theory and Applications

abstract:
  In this contribution we present calculations performed for interacting
electron systems within a non-perturbative formulation of the cluster theory.
Extrapolation of the model to describe the time dependence of the interacting
systems is feasible and planed. The theory is based on the unitary operator
$e^{iS}$ ({\it S} is the correlation operator) formalism which, in this paper,
is treated non perturbatively within many-particle correlations. The
application of the derived equations to few-body systems is realized in terms
of Generalized Linearization Approximations (GLA) and via the Cluster
Factorization Theory (CFT). To check the reliability of the model we present
two different applications. In the first we evaluate the transitions energies
in Helium-, Lithium-, Beryllium-, and Boron-like Oxygen. The calculation aims
to a precise determination of the satellite transitions which play an important
role in plasma diagnostics. In a second we investigate a non-perturbative
method to evaluate the charge radii of the Helium and Lithium isotopes by using
the Isotopic Shift theory. We have found that our model leads naturally to
components of $e^--e^+$ pair in the two-electron wave functions of the Helium
isotopes and three-electron wave functions of the Lithium isotopes. The
possible connection of these terms to the QED leading diagrams is postulated.


title:
Gage-equivalent forms of the Schroedinger equation for a hydrogenlike
  atom in a time-dependent electric field

abstract:
  Several gage-equivalent forms (including some novel ones) of the Schroedinger
equation for a hydrogenlike atom in a time-dependent electric field of a laser
pulse are presented. These forms allow to develop a perturbation theory for
both small and rather large intensities of the electromagnetic field.


title: Some recent attempts to simulate the Heider balance problem

abstract:
  The Heider balance is a sociological problem of a division of a community
into hostile groups, where all interpersonal relations within the groups are
friendly and all relations between the members of different groups are hostile.
Here we trace how the research of the process of attaining the Heider balance
has moved during last ten years from a psycho-social to a computational
problem.


title:
Mutual Information as a Tool for Identifying Phase Transitions in
  Dynamical Complex Systems With Limited Data

abstract:
  We use a well known model (T. Vicsek et al. Phys Rev Lett 15, 1226 (1995))
for flocking to test mutual information as a tool for detecting order-disorder
transitions, in particular when observations of the system are limited. We show
that mutual information is a sensitive indicator of the phase transition
location, in terms of the natural dimensionless parameters of the system which
we have identified. When only a few particles are tracked, and when only a
subset of the positional and velocity components are available, mutual
information provides a better measure of the phase transition location than the
susceptibility of the data.


title:
Oscillations bounded by the simple pendulum and the oscillating rigid
  rod

abstract:
  The oscillation periods bounded by a simple pendulum and an oscillating rigid
rod are illustrated using a multiple pendulum. Oscillation periods between
these two limits are obtained. A theoretical approach using the Lagrangian
formalism and the set up of three simple experiments are presented in order to
probe our approach.


title:
Nonlocal stabilization of nonlinear beams in a self-focusing atomic
  vapor

abstract:
  We show that ballistic transport of optically excited atoms in an atomic
vapor provides a nonlocal nonlinearity which stabilizes the propagation of
vortex beams and higher order modes in the presence of a self-focusing
nonlinearity. Numerical experiments demonstrate stable propagation of lowest
and higher order vortices over a hundred diffraction lengths, before
dissipation leads to decay of these structures.


title: Re-Analysis of the Marinov Light-Speed Anisotropy Experiment

abstract:
  The anisotropy of the speed of light at 1 part in 10^3 has been detected by
Michelson and Morley (1887), Miller (1925/26), Illingworth (1927), Joos (1930),
Jaseja et al. (1964), Torr and Kolen (1984), De Witte (1991) and Cahill (2006)
using a variety of experimental techniques, from gas-mode Michelson
interferometers (with the relativistic theory for these only determined in
2002) to one-way RF coaxial cable propagation timing. All agree on the speed,
right ascension and declination of the anisotropy velocity. The Stephan Marinov
experiment (1984) detected a light speed anisotropy using a mechanical coupled
shutters technique which has holes in co-rotating disks, essentially a one-way
version of the Fizeau mechanical round-trip speed-of-light experiment. The
Marinov data is re-analysed herein because the velocity vector he determined is
in a very different direction to that from the above experiments. No
explanation for this difference has been uncovered.


title: Relativistic momentum and kinetic energy, and $E=mc^2$

abstract:
  Based on relativistic velocity addition and the conservation of momentum and
energy, I present derivations of the expressions for the relativistic momentum
and kinetic energy, and $E=mc^2$.


title:
R-matrix calculation of integral and differential cross sections for
  low-energy electron impact excitations of N2 molecule

abstract:
  Low-energy electron impact excitations of N$_2$ molecules are studied using
the fixed-bond R-matrix method based on state-averaged complete active space
SCF orbitals. Thirteen target electronic states of N$_2$ are included in the
model within a valence configuration interaction representations of the target
states. Integrated as well as differential cross sections of the $A^{3}
\Sigma_{u}^{+}$, $B^{3} \Pi_{g}$, $W^{3} \Delta_{u}$, ${B'}^{3}
\Sigma_{u}^{-}$, ${a'}^{1} \Sigma_{u}^{-}$, $a^{1} \Pi_{g}$, $w^{1} \Delta_{u}$
and $C^{3} \Pi_{u}$ states are calculated and compared with the previous
experimental measurements. These excitations, especially of the higher four
states, have not been studied enough theoretically in the previous literature.
In general, good agreements are observed both in the integrated and
differential cross sections. However, some discrepancies are seen in the
integrated cross sections of the $A^{3} \Sigma_{u}^{+}$ and $C^{3} \Pi_{u}$
states, especially around a peak structure.


abstract:
  We propose a partial answer to the question of what kind of ultrahigh-energy
physics has to be taken into account to circumvent the appearance of
ultraviolet divergencies; a more than sixty years old open question in quantum
electrodynamics. To this end we introduce a new theoretical concept to the
theory of quantum scattering: Perturbative S-matrices that depend on parameters
of a realistic regularization--realistic in the sense of Pauli and Villars
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 434 (1949)]. We expect that these additional parameters
may provide some new information about the physics of quantum scattering. There
are such perturbative S-matrices also in the presence of non-renormalizable
interaction terms with no counterterms.


title: Supplementary kinetic constants of charged particles

abstract:
  We put forward: (A) An improved description of classical, kinetic properties
of a charged pointlike physical particle that consists, in addition to its mass
and charge, also of the Eliezer and Bhabha kinetic constants; and (B) a
proposal to evaluate these kinetic constants by considering the trajectories of
charged particles in an acccelerator.


title:
Application of a Large Eddy Simulation Database to Optimization of First
  Order Closures for Neutral and Stably Stratified Boundary Layers

abstract:
  Large-eddy simulation (LES) is a well-established numerical technique, which
resolves the most energetic turbulent fluctuations in the planetary boundary
layers. Averaging these fluctuations, high-quality profiles of mean values and
turbulence statistics can be obtained in experiments with well-defined initial
and boundary conditions. Hence, the LES data can be beneficial for assessment
and optimization of turbulence closure schemes. A database of 80 LES runs for
neutral and stably stratified PBLs (DATABASE64) is applied in this study to
optimize the first-order turbulence closure (FOC). Approximations for the
mixing length scale and stability correction functions have been tuned to
minimise a relative root-mean square error over the entire DATABASE64. New
stability functions have correct asymptotes describing regimes of strong and
week mixing found in theoretical exercises, atmospheric data and LES. The
correct asymptotes exclude the need for a critical Richardson number in the FOC
formulation. Further, we analysed the FOC quality as functions of the integral
PBL stability and the vertical model resolution. We show that the FOC is never
perfect because the turbulence in the upper half of the PBL is not generated by
the local gradients. Accordingly, the parameterized and LES fluxes decorrelate
in the upper PBL. With this imperfection in mind, we show that there is no
systematic quality deterioration of the FOC in strongly stable PBLs provided
the vertical model resolution is better than 10 levels within the PBL. In
agreement with previous studies, we found that the quality improves slowly with
the vertical resolution refinement. It is generally wise to not overstretch the
mesh in the lowest 500 m of the atmosphere where majority of the observed,
simulated and theoretically predicted stably stratified PBLs are located.


title: Scaling and energy transfer in rotating turbulence

abstract:
  The inertial-range properties of quasi-stationary hydrodynamic turbulence
under solid-body rotation are studied via high-resolution direct numerical
simulations. For strong rotation the nonlinear energy cascade exhibits
depletion and a pronounced anisotropy with the energy flux proceeding mainly
perpendicularly to the rotation axis. This corresponds to a transition towards
a quasi-two-dimensional flow similar to a linear Taylor-Proudman state. In
contrast to the energy spectrum along the rotation axis which does not scale
self-similarly, the perpendicular spectrum displays an inertial range with
$k^{-2}_\perp$-behavior. A new phenomenology gives a rationale for the
observations. The scaling exponents $\zeta_p$ of structure functions up to
order $p=8$ measured perpendicular to the rotation axis indicate reduced
intermittency with increasing rotation rate. The proposed phenomenology is
consistent with the inferred asymptotic non-intermittent behavior
$\zeta_p=p/2$.


title:
CdSe-single-nanoparticle based active tips for near-field optical
  microscopy

abstract:
  We present a method to realize active optical tips for use in near-field
optics that can operate at room temperature. A metal-coated optical tip is
covered with a thin polymer layer stained with CdSe nanocrystals or nanorods at
low density. The time analysis of the emission rate and emission spectra of the
active tips reveal that a very small number of particles - possibly down to
only one - can be made active at the tip apex. This opens the way to near-field
optics with a single inorganic nanoparticle as a light source.


title:
Similarity theory and calculation of turbulent fluxes at the surface for
  the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layers

abstract:
  In this paper we revise the similarity theory for the stably stratified
atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), formulate analytical approximations for the
wind velocity and potential temperature profiles over the entire ABL, validate
them against large-eddy simulation and observational data, and develop an
improved surface flux calculation technique for use in operational models.


title: Mechanics of electromagnetic interactions

abstract:
  We consider an elastic-plastic medium whose motion equations are isomorphic
to Maxwell's equations. Electrical charges are modeled by pressure centers of
the medium. The electric interaction is shown to be concerned with the
conservation law in the torsion field of the medium. The Lorentz force may
correspond to the Coriolis driving force due to the entrainment of the pressure
center in the medium's flow.


title: Analysis of Particle Transport in a Magnetophoretic Microsystem

abstract:
  An analytical analysis is presented of the transport and capture of magnetic
micro/nano-particles in a magnetophoretic microsystem that consists of an array
of integrated soft-magnetic elements embedded beneath a microfluidic channel.
The elements, which are polarized by a bias field, produce a nonuniform field
distribution that gives rise to a force on magnetic particles within the
microchannel. The equations governing particle motion are derived using
analytical expressions for the dominant magnetic and fluidic forces. The
magnetic force is obtained using an analytical expression for the field
distribution in the microchannel combined with a linear magnetization model for
the magnetic response of particles. The theory takes into account particle size
and material properties, the bias field, the dimensions of the microchannel,
the fluid properties, and the flow velocity. The equations of motion are solved
to study particle transport and capture. The analysis indicates that the
particles exhibit an oscillatory motion as they traverse the microsystem, and
that a high capture efficiency can be obtained in practice.


title:
Coherent microwave radiation emitted during the process of stimulated
  Raman scattering in weakly compressed hydrogen : experimental studies,
  together with an attempt to interpret this microwave emission

abstract:
  A coherent microwave radiation, concomitant with experiments of stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS) in weakly compressed hydrogen, had been observed;
qualitative and quantitative results had been obtained, and are given in this
article. .An attempt to interpret this emission on a phenomenological basis is
presented, on the basis of a model in which the influence of hydrogen molecule
anharmonicity is taken into account, leading to two main effects:1) possible
existence of an intermediate state involving a vibrationally excited
quasiparticle system, the lifetime of which should be very short (0.1-1 ps); 2)
nonlinear coupling between the Stokes light wave and the longitudinal
propagating waves associated to the quasiparticle system. Moreover, several
processes are also to be taken into account; existence of a macroscopic
longitudinal electric field, due to coulombian interactions; electrostriction
effect giving rise to a "piezoelectric" character for the quasiparticle system;
Cherenkov-type and anomalous relativistic Doppler effects. Then, the source of
the coherent microwave radiation might be the in phase quadrature part of the
longitudinal polarisation associated to the quasiparticle waves, and its
emission should appear like parametric instabilities. Concerning the SRS
process itself, an additional contribution to the Raman gain should arise from
the laser induced electro-optic effect.


title:
CLUSTER: a high frequency H-mode coupled cavity linac for low and medium
  energies

abstract:
  We propose an innovative linear accelerating structure, particularly suited
for hadrontherapy applications. Its two main features are compactness and good
power efficiency at low beam velocities: the first is achieved through a high
working frequency and a consequent high accelerating gradient, the second is
obtained by coupling several H-mode cavities together. The structure is called
CLUSTER, which stands for "Coupled-cavity Linac USing Transverse Electric
Radial field". In order to compare the performance of this structure with other
hadrontherapy linac designs involving high frequencies, a conceptual study has
been performed for an operating frequency of 3 GHz. Moreover a proof of
principle has been obtained through RF measurements on a prototype operating at
1 GHz. An accelerator complex using a CLUSTER linac is also considered for
protontherapy purposes. The whole complex is called cyclinac and is composed of
a commercial cyclotron injecting the beam in a high-frequency linac.


title: Optical pumping of trapped neutral molecules by blackbody radiation

abstract:
  Optical pumping by blackbody radiation is a feature shared by all polar
molecules and fundamentally limits the time that these molecules can be kept in
a single quantum state in a trap. To demonstrate and quantify this, we have
monitored the optical pumping of electrostatically trapped OH and OD radicals
by room-temperature blackbody radiation. Transfer of these molecules to
rotationally excited states by blackbody radiation at 295 K limits the $1/e$
trapping time for OH and OD in the $X^{2}\Pi_{3/2},v''=0,J''=3/2(f)$ state to
2.8 s and 7.1 s, respectively.


title: Fluctuations and control in the Vlasov-Poisson equation

abstract:
  In this paper we study the fluctuation spectrum of a linearized
Vlasov-Poisson equation in the presence of a small external electric field.
Conditions for the control of the linear fluctuations by an external electric
field are established.


title: An Electric Force Facilitator in Descending TVS Tornadogenesis

abstract:
  This article has been withdrawn by the author due to an impending publication
of a much improved version in a paper journal.


title: How to Choose a Champion

abstract:
  League competition is investigated using random processes and scaling
techniques. In our model, a weak team can upset a strong team with a fixed
probability. Teams play an equal number of head-to-head matches and the team
with the largest number of wins is declared to be the champion. The total
number of games needed for the best team to win the championship with high
certainty, T, grows as the cube of the number of teams, N, i.e., T ~ N^3. This
number can be substantially reduced using preliminary rounds where teams play a
small number of games and subsequently, only the top teams advance to the next
round. When there are k rounds, the total number of games needed for the best
team to emerge as champion, T_k, scales as follows, T_k ~N^(\gamma_k) with
gamma_k=1/[1-(2/3)^(k+1)]. For example, gamma_k=9/5,27/19,81/65 for k=1,2,3.
These results suggest an algorithm for how to infer the best team using a
schedule that is linear in N. We conclude that league format is an ineffective
method of determining the best team, and that sequential elimination from the
bottom up is fair and efficient.


title: Remote optical addressing of single nano-objects

abstract:
  We present a scheme for remotely addressing single nano-objects by means of
near-field optical microscopy that makes only use of one of the most
fundamental properties of electromagnetic radiation: its polarization. A medium
containing optically active nano-objects is covered with a thin metallic film
presenting sub-wavelength holes. When the optical tip is positioned some
distance away from a hole, surface plasmons in the metal coating are generated
which, by turning the polarization plane of the excitation light, transfer the
excitation towards a chosen hole and induce emission from the underlying
nano-objects. The method, easily applicable to other systems, is demonstrated
for single quantum dots (QDs) at low temperature. It may become a valuable tool
for future optical applications in the nanoworld.


title:
Solving the m-mixing problem for the three-dimensional time-dependent
  Schr\"{o}dinger equation by rotations: application to strong-field ionization
  of H2+

abstract:
  We present a very efficient technique for solving the three-dimensional
time-dependent Schrodinger equation. Our method is applicable to a wide range
of problems where a fullly three-dimensional solution is required, i.e., to
cases where no symmetries exist that reduce the dimensionally of the problem.
Examples include arbitrarily oriented molecules in external fields and atoms
interacting with elliptically polarized light. We demonstrate that even in such
cases, the three-dimensional problem can be decomposed exactly into two
two-dimensional problems at the cost of introducing a trivial rotation
transformation. We supplement the theoretical framework with numerical results
on strong-field ionization of arbitrarily oriented H2+ molecules.