title: Microwave gyroscope-novel rotation sensor

abstract:
  High performance microwave gyroscope (MG) is theoretically developed for the
first time to our knowledge. MG is based on Sagnac effect in microwave ring
resonator (RR), where a specially taylored phase shifter (PS) on the basis of
surface acoustic waves is inserted. Due to that beat frequency becomes
proportional to square (or cubic) root upon rotation rate and therefore hugely
increases. In the result MG has few order higher sensitivity and dynamic range
than state-of-the-art laser gyros, so it can serve as an advanced rotation
sensor in navigation and fundamental sciences.


title: Biot-Savart-like law in electrostatics

abstract:
  The Biot-Savart law is a well-known and powerful theoretical tool used to
calculate magnetic fields due to currents in magnetostatics. We extend the
range of applicability and the formal structure of the Biot-Savart law to
electrostatics by deriving a Biot-Savart-like law suitable for calculating
electric fields. We show that, under certain circumstances, the traditional
Dirichlet problem can be mapped onto a much simpler Biot-Savart-like problem.
We find an integral expression for the electric field due to an arbitrarily
shaped, planar region kept at a fixed electric potential, in an otherwise
grounded plane. As a by-product we present a very simple formula to compute the
field produced in the plane defined by such a region. We illustrate the
usefulness of our approach by calculating the electric field produced by planar
regions of a few nontrivial shapes.


title:
Nonlinear limits to the information capacity of optical fiber
  communications

abstract:
  The exponential growth in the rate at which information can be communicated
through an optical fiber is a key element in the so called information
revolution. However, like all exponential growth laws, there are physical
limits to be considered. The nonlinear nature of the propagation of light in
optical fiber has made these limits difficult to elucidate. Here we obtain
basic insights into the limits to the information capacity of an optical fiber
arising from these nonlinearities. The key simplification lies in relating the
nonlinear channel to a linear channel with multiplicative noise, for which we
are able to obtain analytical results. In fundamental distinction to the linear
additive noise case, the capacity does not grow indefinitely with increasing
signal power, but has a maximal value. The ideas presented here have broader
implications for other nonlinear information channels, such as those involved
in sensory transduction in neurobiology. These have been often examined using
additive noise linear channel models, and as we show here, nonlinearities can
change the picture qualitatively.


title: Fluid Particle Accelerations in Fully Developed Turbulence

abstract:
  The motion of fluid particles as they are pushed along erratic trajectories
by fluctuating pressure gradients is fundamental to transport and mixing in
turbulence. It is essential in cloud formation and atmospheric transport,
processes in stirred chemical reactors and combustion systems, and in the
industrial production of nanoparticles. The perspective of particle
trajectories has been used successfully to describe mixing and transport in
turbulence, but issues of fundamental importance remain unresolved. One such
issue is the Heisenberg-Yaglom prediction of fluid particle accelerations,
based on the 1941 scaling theory of Kolmogorov (K41). Here we report
acceleration measurements using a detector adapted from high-energy physics to
track particles in a laboratory water flow at Reynolds numbers up to 63,000. We
find that universal K41 scaling of the acceleration variance is attained at
high Reynolds numbers. Our data show strong intermittency---particles are
observed with accelerations of up to 1,500 times the acceleration of gravity
(40 times the root mean square value). Finally, we find that accelerations
manifest the anisotropy of the large scale flow at all Reynolds numbers
studied.


title: Pressure determinations for incompressible fluids and magnetofluids

abstract:
  Certain unresolved ambiguities surround pressure determinations for
incompressible flows, both Navier-Stokes and magnetohydrodynamic. For
uniform-density fluids with standard Newtonian viscous terms, taking the
divergence of the equation of motion leaves a Poisson equation for the pressure
to be solved. But Poisson equations require boundary conditions. For the case
of rectangular periodic boundary conditions, pressures determined in this way
are unambiguous. But in the presence of "no-slip" rigid walls, the equation of
motion can be used to infer both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on
the pressure P, and thus amounts to an over-determination. This has
occasionally been recognized as a problem, and numerical treatments of
wall-bounded shear flows usually have built in some relatively ad hoc dynamical
recipe for dealing with it, often one which appears to "work" satisfactorily.
Here we consider a class of solenoidal velocity fields which vanish at no-slip
walls, have all spatial derivatives, but are simple enough that explicit
analytical solutions for P can be given. Satisfying the two boundary conditions
separately gives two pressures, a "Neumann pressure" and a "Dirichlet pressure"
which differ non-trivially at the initial instant, even before any dynamics are
implemented. We compare the two pressures, and find that in particular, they
lead to different volume forces near the walls. This suggests a reconsideration
of no-slip boundary conditions, in which the vanishing of the tangential
velocity at a no-slip wall is replaced by a local wall-friction term in the
equation of motion.


title: Driving superfluidity with photoassociation

abstract:
  We theoretically examine photoassociation of a two-component Fermi degenerate
gas. Our focus is on adjusting the atom-atom interaction, and thereby
increasing the critical temperature of the BCS transition to the superfluid
state. In order to avoid spontaneous decay of the molecules, the
photoassociating light must be far-off resonance. Very high light intensities
are therefore required for effective control of the BCS transition.

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph quant-ph


title: Life in Silico - Simulation of Complex Systems by Enzymatic Computation

abstract:
  We describe software and a language for quasibiological computations. Its
theoretical basis is a unified theory of complex (adaptive) systems where all
laws are regularities of relations between things or agents, and dynamics is
made from ``atomic constituents'' called enzymes.The notion is abstracted from
biochemistry. The software can be used to simulate physical systems as well as
basic life processes. Systems can be constructed and manipulated by mouse click
and there is an automatic translation of all operations into a LISP-like
scripting language, so that one may compose code by mouse click.


title: The 1st Law of Thermodynamics in Chemical Reactions

abstract:
  In the previous papers of the author it has been shown that the 1st law of
thermodynamics in chemical reactions is the following one: dU=dQ+PdV+SUM In the
present paper this theory was developed and it has been shown that the 1st law
of thermodynamics in chemical reactions has the following form: dC=-dU+dA and
-dU=dQ where dC is the change in the chemical energy, dU is the change in the
internal energy. Internal energy is the energy of thermal motion of molecules.


title: Very promising hole in Bell's theorem

abstract: Through the hole in Bell's theorem we can communicate with matter


title: Characterisation of the probabilistic travelling salesman problem

abstract:
  We show that Stochastic Annealing can be successfully applied to gain new
results on the Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP). The
probabilistic "traveling salesman" must decide on an a priori order in which to
visit n cities (randomly distributed over a unit square) before learning that
some cities can be omitted. We find the optimized average length of the pruned
tour follows E(\bar{L}_{pruned}) = \sqrt{np} (0.872-0.105p) f(np) where p is
the probability of a city needing to be visited, and f(np) -> 1 as np ->
infinity. The average length of the a priori tour (before omitting any cities)
is found to follow E(L_{a priori}) =\sqrt{n/p}\beta (p) where \beta
(p)=1/(1.25-0.82 ln(p)) is measured for 0.05 < p < 0.6. Scaling arguments and
indirect measurements suggest that \beta (p) tends towards a constant for
p<0.03. Our stochastic annealing algorithm is based on limited sampling of the
pruned tour lengths, exploiting the sampling error to provide the analogue of
thermal fluctuations in simulated (thermal) annealing. The method has general
application to the optimization of functions whose cost to evaluate rises with
the precision required.


title: Threshold fragmentation under dipole forces

abstract:
  The threshold law for N-body fragmentation under dipole forces is formulated.
It emerges from the energy dependence of the normalization of the correlated
continuum wave function for N fragments. It is shown that the dipole threshold
law plays a key role in understanding all threshold fragmentation phenomena
since it links the classical threshold law for long-range Coulomb interactions
to the statistical law for short-range interactions. Furthermore, a tunnelling
mechanism is identified as the common feature which occurs for all three
classes of interactions, short-range, dipole and Coulomb.


title: Evanescent oscillations in accelerating structures

abstract:
  Results of our investigations of the properties of the electromagnetic
oscillations in the resonators based on the periodic waveguides are
represented. These results point out on the possibility of existing in resonant
cavities the new type of eigen oscillations based on the evanescent waves. Such
oscillations do not exist in the smooth waveguides. They have a longitudinal
distribution of electromagnetic field with decreasing (increasing) dependence
on the coordinate. We discuss the using of such oscillations for bunching and
accelerating of electron beams.


title: Air entrainment through free-surface cusps

abstract:
  In many industrial processes, such as pouring a liquid or coating a rotating
cylinder, air bubbles are entrapped inside the liquid. We propose a novel
mechanism for this phenomenon, based on the instability of cusp singularities
that generically form on free surfaces. The air being drawn into the narrow
space inside the cusp destroys its stationary shape when the walls of the cusp
come too close. Instead, a sheet emanates from the cusp's tip, through which
air is entrained. Our analytical theory of this instability is confirmed by
experimental observation and quantitative comparison with numerical simulations
of the flow equations.


title:
PARIS Interferometric Processor Analysis and Experimental Results:
  Theoretical Feasibility Analysis

abstract:
  Several experimental results show that it is possible to extract useful phase
information from reflected GPS signals over the oceans. In this work we begin
the development of the theoretical background to account for these results and
fully understand the phenomena involved. This information will then be used to
define and carry out new experiments to evaluate the feasibility of using the
phase from reflected GPS signals for altimetric purposes and the advantages of
using interferometric combinations of the signals at different
frequencies---the PIP concept.
  We focus on the coherence properties of the signals, including the PIP
interferometric combination of phases in the different frequencies. In this
work we will concentrate on a static, 8 m high receiver (at least in regards to
the simulations), and an infinitely removed static source. As the ocean moves,
the received field will pick up a random phase. We want to understand the
behavior of this phase, as the goal is to carry out altimetric measurements
using phase ranging. We will also show that this random phase carries
geophysical information (intuitively, the bigger the significant wave height,
the larger the phase excursions).


title: Electromagnetic oscillations in periodic mediums outside the passbands

abstract:
  It was usually assumed that the resonator based on a waveguide has the eigen
oscillations that are formed by interference of two waves which propagate in
different directions and have equal amplitudes. These patterns are usually
called standing waves. We have shown that the eigen oscillations of a resonator
which is filled by a layered dielectric can be base on the evanescent
(non-propagating) waves. In some cases we need only one eigen wave to compose
the eigen oscillation of a closed cavity.


title:
Benchmark {\em ab initio} energy profiles for the gas-phase S$_N$2
  reactions Y$^-$ + CH$_3$X $\to$ CH$_3$Y + X$^-$ (X,Y = F,Cl,Br). Validation
  of hybrid DFT methods

abstract:
  The energetics of the gas-phase S$_N$2 reactions Y$^-$ + CH$_3$X
$\longrightarrow$ CH$_3$Y + X$^-$ (where X,Y = F, Cl, Br), were studied using
(variants on) the recent W1 and W2 {\em ab initio} computational
thermochemistry methods. Our computed benchmark data (including cases for which
experimental data are unavailable altogether) are used to assess the quality of
a number of semiempirical compound thermochemistry schemes such as G2 theory,
G3 theory, and CBS-QB3, as well as a variety of density functional theory
methods. Upon applying some modifications to the level of theory used for the
reference geometry (adding diffuse functions, replacing B3LYP by the very
recently proposed mPW1K functional), the compound methods appear to perform
well. Only the 'half-and-half' functionals BH&HLYP and mPWH&HPW91, and the
empirical mPW1K functional, consistently find all required stationary points;
the other functionals fail to find a transition state in the F/Br case. BH&HLYP
and mPWH&HPW91 somewhat overcorrect for the tendency of B3LYP (and, to a lesser
extent, mPW1PW91) to underestimate barrier heights. The Becke97 and Becke97-1
functionals perform similarly to B3LYP for the problem under study, while the
HCTH and HCTH-120 functionals both appear to underestimate central barriers.
HCTH underestimates complexation energies; this problem is resolved in
HCTH-120. mPW1K appears to exhibit the best performance of the functionals
considered, although its energetics are still inferior to the compound
thermochemistry methods.


title:
Correlation consistent valence basis sets for use with the
  Stuttgart-Dresden-Bonn relativistic effective core potentials: the atoms
  Ga-Kr and In-Xe

abstract:
  We propose large-core correlation-consistent pseudopotential basis sets for
the heavy p-block elements Ga-Kr and In-Xe. The basis sets are of cc-pVTZ and
cc-pVQZ quality, and have been optimized for use with the large-core
(valence-electrons only) Stuttgart-Dresden-Bonn relativistic pseudopotentials.
Validation calculations on a variety of third-row and fourth-row diatomics
suggest them to be comparable in quality to the all-electron cc-pVTZ and
cc-pVQZ basis sets for lighter elements. Especially the SDB-cc-pVQZ basis set
in conjunction with a core polarization potential (CPP) yields excellent
agreement with experiment for compounds of the later heavy p-block elements.
For accurate calculations on Ga (and, to a lesser extent, Ge) compounds,
explicit treatment of 13 valence electrons appears to be desirable, while it
seems inevitable for In compounds. For Ga and Ge, we propose correlation
consistent basis sets extended for (3d) correlation. For accurate calculations
on organometallic complexes of interest to homogenous catalysis, we recommend a
combination of the standard cc-pVTZ basis set for first- and second-row
elements, the presently derived SDB-cc-pVTZ basis set for heavier p-block
elements, and for transition metals, the small-core [6s5p3d] Stuttgart-Dresden
basis set-RECP combination supplemented by (2f1g) functions with exponents
given in the Appendix to the present paper.


title:
Waves attractors in rotating fluids: a paradigm for ill-posed Cauchy
  problems

abstract:
  In the limit of low viscosity, we show that the amplitude of the modes of
oscillation of a rotating fluid, namely inertial modes, concentrate along an
attractor formed by a periodic orbit of characteristics of the underlying
hyperbolic Poincar\'e equation. The dynamics of characteristics is used to
elaborate a scenario for the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenmodes and
eigenspectrum in the physically relevant r\'egime of very low viscosities which
are out of reach numerically. This problem offers a canonical ill-posed Cauchy
problem which has applications in other fields.

categories: physics.flu-dyn astro-ph cond-mat gr-qc nlin.PS


title:
Infrared Fluorescence of Xe2 Molecules in beam-excited Xe Gas at high
  Pressure

abstract:
  We report experimental results of proton- and electron-beam-induced
near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence in high-pressure Xe gas at room temperature.
The investigated wavelength band spans the range $0.7 \leq\lambda\leq 1.8
\mu{m}.$ In the previously unexplored range for $\lambda > 1.05 \mu{m}$ we have
detected a broad continuum NIR fluorescence at $\lambda\approx 1.3 \mu{m}$ that
shifts towards longer wavelengths as pressure is increased up to $1.5 {MPa}.$
We believe that this continuum is produced in a way similar to the VUV continua
of noble gas excimers and that the pressure-dependent shift can be explained by
the interaction of the outer electron of the excimer with the gas.


title: Random Scattering by Atomic Density Fluctuations in Optical Lattices

abstract:
  We investigate hitherto unexplored regimes of probe scattering by atoms
trapped in optical lattices: weak scattering by effectively random atomic
density distributions and multiple scattering by arbitrary atomic
distributions. Both regimes are predicted to exhibit a universal semicircular
scattering lineshape for large density fluctuations, which depend on
temperature and quantum statistics.


title: Theory of self phase-locked optical parametric oscillators

abstract:
  The plane-wave dynamics of 3*omega => (2*omega, omega) subharmonic optical
parametric oscillators containing a second harmonic generator of the idler wave
omega is analyzed analytically by using the meanfield approximation and
numerically by taking into account the field propagation inside the media. The
resonant Chi(2):Chi(2) cascaded second-order nonlinearities induce a mutual
injection-locking of the signal and idler waves that leads to coherent self
phase-locking of the pump and subharmonic waves, freezing the phase diffusion
noise. In case of signal-and-idler resonant devices, largely detuned
sub-threshold states occur due to a subcritical bifurcation, broadening out the
self-locking frequency range to a few cavity linewidths.


title:
Mystery of the "Magic Number" 137: Wave Genesis, Theoretical
  Representation, Role in the Universe

abstract:
  That mystery already exists more that 80 years. Many of great theoreticans -
founders of modern physics - Sommerfeld, Ed- dington, Born, Pauli, Dirac, Weyl,
Heisenberg, Feynman, etc. deeply feel its true price, provocative, defiant
character in connection with the fundamental basis of the theoretical phisics.
Is the Fine Structure Constant (FSC) the really fundamental constant or may be
it varies with the time? If that is the really fixed quantity, then - what is
its true, theoretically based value? Fundamental ideas of the Wave Universe
concept open new possibilities to answer that and another incidentally arising
questions


title:
Why We Can Not Walk To and Fro in Time as Do it in Space? (Why the Arrow
  of Time is Exists?)

abstract:
  Existence of arrow of time in our world may be easy explained if time has
multifractal nature. The interpretation of nature of time arrow is made on the
base of multifractal theory of time and space presented at works
\cite{kob1}-\cite{kob15}. In this paper shown possibility to walk to and fro in
space and necessity of huge amount of energy for stopping time and changing
direction of it in microscopic volumes.
  Contents: 1. Introduction 2.Universe as Time and Space with Fractional
Dimensions 3. Why Time has Direction Only to Future and Why Impossible to Walk
in Time To and Fro? 4. Is It Possible to Change Direction of Time and How Much
Energy It Needs? 5.How Much Energy Needs for Stopping Time and Moving it Back
in the Volume of Cubic Centimeter During One Second? 6. Why We Can Walk To and
Fro in Our Space? 7. Conclusions


title:
Contribution of the screened self-energy to the Lamb shift of
  quasidegenerate states

abstract:
  Expressions for the effective Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) Hamiltonian due
to self-energy screening (self-energy correction to the electron-electron
interaction) are presented. We use the method of the two-time Green's function,
which handles quasidegenerate atomic states. From these expression one can
evaluate energy corrections to, e.g., 1s2p 3P1 and 1s2p 1P1 levels in helium
and two-electron ions, to all orders in Z\alpha


title:
How Much Energy Have Real Fields Time and Space in Multifractal
  Universe?

abstract:
  On the base of multifractal theory of time and space (see
\cite{kob1}-\cite{kob16}) in this paper shown presence in every space and time
volumes of real space and time fields a huge supply of energy . In the
multifractal Universe every space volume or time interval possesses by huge
amount of energy($\sim10^{60}cm^{3}$) and we discuss the problem is it possible
this new for mankind sorts of energy to extract.
  Contents: 1. Introduction 2. What are Energy Densities of Real Space and Time
Fields in Multifractal Universe? 3. How Much Energy Space and Time Continually
Lose?


title:
Extension of Kohn-Sham theory to excited states by means of an
  off-diagonal density array

abstract:
  Early work extending the Kohn-Sham theory to excited states utilized an
ensemble average of the Hamiltonian considered as a functional of the
corresponding average density. We propose and develop an alternative that
utilizes the matrix elements of the density operator taken between any two
states of the included space. The new theory is also based on a variational
principle for the trace of the Hamiltonian over a selected space of states
viewed, however, as a functional of the associated array of matrix elements of
the density. It leads to a matrix generalization of Kohn-Sham theory. To
illustrate the formalism, we study a suitably defined weak-coupling limit and
derive from it an eigenvalue equation that has the form of the random phase
approximation. The result can be identified with a similar equation derived
directly from the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation that has been applied
recently with considerable success to molecular excitations. We prove, within
the defined approximations, that the eigenvalues can be interpreted as true
excitation energies.


title: The status and programs of the New Relativity Theory

abstract:
  A review of the most recent results of the New Relativity Theory is
presented. These include a straightforward derivation of the Black Hole
Entropy-Area relation and its $logarithmic$ corrections; the derivation of the
string uncertainty relations and generalizations ; ; the relation between the
four dimensional gravitational conformal anomaly and the fine structure
constant; the role of Noncommutative Geometry, Negative Probabilities and
Cantorian-Fractal spacetime in the Young's two-slit experiment. We then
generalize the recent construction of the Quenched-Minisuperspace bosonic
$p$-brane propagator in $D$ dimensions ($AACS$ [18]) to the full
multidimensional case involving all $p$-branes : the construction of the
Multidimensional-Particle propagator in Clifford spaces ($C$-spaces) associated
with a nested family of $p$-loop histories living in a target $D$-dim
background spacetime . We show how the effective $C$-space geometry is related
to $extrinsic$ curvature of ordinary spacetime. The motion of rigid
particles/branes is studied to explain the natural $emergence$ of classical
spin. The relation among $C$-space geometry and ${\cal W}$, Finsler Geometry
and (Braided) Quantum Groups is discussed. Some final remarks about the
Riemannian long distance limit of $C$-space geometry are made.


title: The generation of gravitational waves

abstract: A proof that the generation of gravitational waves is physically impossible.


title: A Historical Perspective on the Topology and Physics of Hyperspace

abstract:
  This paper examines the history of the development of dimensional analysis,
from Euclidean geometry to hyperspace. This is largely a secondary source work
intended to summarize, as briefly as possible, with enough mathematical rigor,
the mathematical developments in dimensional analysis over the past 2550 years.
It is intended to stimulate further research and interest in the topic while
also presenting a few original thoughts on certain aspects of the subject. In
particular, the paper focuses on the development of Euclidean geometry, the
intense study of the parallel axiom in the 1800's, the development of time as a
dimension leading to Kaluza-Klein theory, and finally the explosion of work in
the combined areas of string theory, M-theory, and F-theory in the past 30
years.


title: New access to very weak interactions in molecules

abstract:
  It is predicted that nuclear spin conversion in molecules can be efficiently
controlled by strong laser radiation resonant to rovibrational molecular
transition. The phenomenon can be used for substantial enrichment of spin
isomers, or for detection of very weak (10-100 Hz) interactions in molecules.


title: Logarithmic two-loop corrections to the Lamb shift in hydrogen

abstract:
  Higher order $(\alpha/\pi)^2 (Z \alpha)^6$ logarithmic corrections to the
hydrogen Lamb shift are calculated. The results obtained show the two-loop
contribution has a very peculiar behavior, and significantly alter the
theoretical predictions for low lying S-states.


title:
A Generator of Protein Folding Kinetics States for the
  Diffusion-Collision Model

abstract:
  Two separate algorithms for calculating the intermediate states, using
cellular automata and the initial conditions in the rate matrix for the
diffusion-collision model are introduced. They enable easy and fast
calculations of the folding probabilities of the intermediate states, even for
a very large number of microdomains.


title: Approximate 3-Dimensional Electrical Impedance Imaging

abstract:
  We discuss a new approach to three-dimensional electrical impedance imaging
based on a reduction of the information to be demanded from a reconstruction
algorithm. Images are obtained from a single measurement by suitably
simplifying the geometry of the measuring chamber and by restricting the nature
of the object to be imaged and the information required from the image. In
particular we seek to establish the existence or non-existence of a single
object (or a small number of objects) in a homogeneous background and the
location of the former in the (x,y)-plane defined by the measuring electrodes.
Given in addition the conductivity of the object rough estimates of its
position along the z-axis may be obtained. The approach may have practical
applications.


title:
A Method to Extract Potentials from the Temperature Dependence of
  Langmuir Constants for Clathrate-Hydrates

abstract:
  It is shown that the temperature dependence of Langmuir constants contains
all the information needed to determine spherically averaged intermolecular
potentials. An analytical ``inversion'' method based on the standard
statistical model of van der Waals and Platteeuw is presented which extracts
cell potentials directly from experimental data. The method is applied to
ethane and cyclopropane clathrate-hydrates, and the resulting potentials are
much simpler and more meaningful than those obtained by the usual method of
numerical fitting with Kihara potentials.


title: The Case for 2-D Turbulence in Antarctic Data

abstract:
  In this paper we examine the data that was collected at Haley Station in
Antarctica on June 22, 1987. Using a test devised by Dewan we interpret the
flow as one which represents two-dimensional turbulence. We also construct a
model to interpret the spectrum of this data which is almost independent of the
wave number for a range of frequencies.


title: A Variational Formulation of Optimal Nonlinear Estimation

abstract:
  We propose a variational method to solve all three estimation problems for
nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems: prediction, filtering, and smoothing.
Our new approach is based upon a proper choice of cost function, termed the
{\it effective action}. We show that this functional of time-histories is the
unique statistically well-founded cost function to determine most probable
histories within empirical ensembles. The ensemble dispersion about the sample
mean history can also be obtained from the Hessian of the cost function. We
show that the effective action can be calculated by a variational prescription,
which generalizes the ``sweep method'' used in optimal linear estimation. An
iterative numerical scheme results which converges globally to the variational
estimator. This scheme involves integrating forward in time a ``perturbed''
Fokker-Planck equation, very closely related to the Kushner-Stratonovich
equation for optimal filtering, and an adjoint equation backward in time,
similarly related to the Pardoux-Kushner equation for optimal smoothing. The
variational estimator enjoys a somewhat weaker property, which we call ``mean
optimality''. However, the variational scheme has the principal
advantage---crucial for practical applications---that it admits a wide variety
of finite-dimensional moment-closure approximations. The moment approximations
are derived reductively from the Euler-Lagrange variational formulation and
preserve the good structural properties of the optimal estimator.


title:
Angular momentum spatial distribution symmetry breaking in Rb by an
  external magnetic field

abstract:
  Excited state angular momentum alignment -- orientation conversion for atoms
with hyperfine structure in presence of an external magnetic field is
investigated. Transversal orientation in these conditions is reported for the
first time. This phenomenon occurs under Paschen Back conditions at
intermediate magnetic field strength. Weak radiation from a linearly polarized
diode laser is used to excite Rb atoms in a cell. The laser beam is polarized
at an angle of pi/4 with respect to the external magnetic field direction.
Ground state hyperfine levels of the 5S_1/2 state are resolved using
laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy under conditions for which all excited
5P_3/2 state hyperfine components are excited simultaneously. Circularly
polarized fluorescence is observed to be emitted in the direction perpendicular
to both to the direction of the magnetic field B and direction of the light
polarization E. The obtained circularity is shown to be in quantitative
agreement with theoretical predictions.


title: Reversed Dark Resonance in Rb Atom Excited by a Diode Laser

abstract:
  Origin of recently discovered reversed (opposite sign) dark resonances was
explained theoretically and verified experimentally. It is shown that the
reason for these resonances is a specific optical pumping of ground state level
in a transition when ground state angular momentum is smaller than the excited
state momentum.


title:
Dependence of the Energy of Molecules on Interatomic Distance at Large
  Distances

abstract:
  Earlier it has been supposed that energy of molecules depends on interatomic
distance according to the curve 1, Fig. 1. However, dissociation of molecules
(for example, Te2=2Te) often is a chemical reaction. According to chemical
kinetics, chemical reactions overcome a potential barrier. This barrier is
absent at the curve 1. It is a very strong argument against the curve 1. It is
shown that the molecule energy dependence on interatomic distance can behave at
large distances not so but like the curve 2, Fig. 1. Earlier it has been
supposed that quantum chemical methods give a wrong result at big distances if
the wave function does not turn to zero. In this paper, it is been shown that
it must not turn to zero. The wave function can be a piecewise function.


title: Faster Evaluation of Multidimensional Integrals

abstract:
  In a recent paper Keister proposed two quadrature rules as alternatives to
Monte Carlo for certain multidimensional integrals and reported his test
results. In earlier work we had shown that the quasi-Monte Carlo method with
generalized Faure points is very effective for a variety of high dimensional
integrals occurng in mathematical finance. In this paper we report test results
of this method on Keister's examples of dimension 9 and 25, and also for
examples of dimension 60, 80 and 100. For the 25 dimensional integral we
achieved accuracy of 0.01 with less than 500 points while the two methods
tested by Keister used more than 220,000 points. In all of our tests, for n
sample points we obtained an empirical convergence rate proportional to n^{-1}
rather than the n^{-1/2} of Monte Carlo.


title: Pickoff and spin-conversion quenchings of ortho-positronium in oxygen

abstract:
  The quenching processes of the thermalized ortho-positronium(o-Ps) on an
oxygen molecule have been studied by the positron annihilation age-momentum
correlation techinique(AMOC). The Doppler broadening spectrum of the 511 keV
gamma-rays from the 2gamma annihilation of o-Ps in O_2 has been measured as a
function of the o-Ps age. The rate of the quenching, consisting of the pickoff
and the spin-conversion, is estimated from the positron lifetime spectrum. The
ratio of the pickoff quenching rate to the spin-conversion rate is deduced from
the Doppler broadening of the 511 keV gamma-rays from the annihilation of the
o-Ps. The pickoff parameter ^1Z_eff, the effective number of the electrons per
molecule which contribute to the pickoff quenching, for O_2 is determined to be
0.6 +- 0.4. The cross-section for the elastic spin-conversion quenching is
determined to be (1.16 +- 0.01) * 10^{-19} cm^2.


title:
Explicitly correlated trial wave functions in Quantum Monte Carlo
  calculations of excited states of Be and Be-

abstract:
  We present a new form of explicitly correlated wave function whose parameters
are mainly linear, to circumvent the problem of the optimization of a large
number of non-linear parameters usually encountered with basis sets of
explicitly correlated wave functions. With this trial wave function we
succeeded in minimizing the energy instead of the variance of the local energy,
as is more common in quantum Monte Carlo methods. We applied this wave function
to the calculation of the energies of Be 3P (1s22p2) and Be- 4So (1s22p3) by
variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods. The results compare favorably
with those obtained by different types of explicitly correlated trial wave
functions already described in the literature. The energies obtained are
improved with respect to the best variational ones found in literature, and
within one standard deviation from the estimated non-relativistic limits


title:
Proposal for an Experimental Test of the Role of Confining Potentials in
  the Integral Quantum Hall Effect

abstract:
  We propose an experiment using a three-gate quantum Hall device to probe the
dependence of the integral quantum Hall effect (IQHE) on the shape of the
lateral confining potential in edge regions. This shape can, in a certain
configuration determine whether or not the IQHE occurs.


title: On the Nature of the Energy Current in Many-Particle Systems

abstract:
  We show that the definition of an energy current for non-relativistic systems
with action-at-a-distance is possible if the interaction respects Gausses law,
i.e. if it is Coulomb-like. The energy current can transport kinetic and mass
(excitation) energy but not potential energy.


title:
Generalized Heitler-London Theory for H_3: A Comparison of the Surface
  Integral Method with Perturbation Theory

abstract:
  The generalized Heitler-London (GHL) theory provides a straightforward way to
express the potential energy surface of H_3 in terms of Coulomb and exchange
energies which can be calculated either by perturbation theory or using the
surface integral method (SIM). By applying the Rayleigh-Schroedinger
perturbation theory, GHL theory for the quartet spin state of H_3 is shown to
yield results equivalent to the symmetrized Rayleigh-Schroedinger version of
symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). This equivalence allows a
comparison with the corresponding results obtained by the surface integral
method. The surface integral result calculated with a product of atomic wave
functions is found to have certain advantages over the perturbation approach.


title: On a correspondence between classical and quantum particle systems

abstract:
  An exact correspondence is established between a $N$-body classical
interacting system and a $N-1$-body quantum system with respect to the
partition function. The resulting quantum-potential is a $N-1$-body one.
Inversely the Kelbg potential is reproduced which describes quantum systems at
a quasi-classical level. The found correspondence between classical and quantum
systems allows also to approximate dense classical many body systems by lower
order quantum perturbation theory replacing Planck's constant properly by
temperature and density dependent expressions. As an example the dynamical
behaviour of an one - component plasma is well reproduced concerning the
formation of correlation energy after a disturbance utilising solely the
analytical quantum - Born result for dense degenerated Fermi systems. As a
practical guide the quantum - Bruckner parameter $r_s$ has been replaced by the
classical plasma parameter $\Gamma$ as $r_s\approx0.3 \Gamma^{3/2}$

categories: physics.plasm-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el nucl-th physics.gen-ph quant-ph


title: Complex Scaling of the Faddeev Equations

abstract:
  In this work we compare two different approaches to calculation of the
three-body resonances on the basis of Faddeev differential equations. The first
one is the complex scaling approach. The second method is based on an immediate
calculation of resonances as zeros of the three-body scattering matrix
continued to the physical sheet.


title: Predicting Optimal Lengths of Random Knots

abstract:
  In thermally fluctuating long linear polymeric chain in solution, the ends
come from time to time into a direct contact or a close vicinity of each other.
At such an instance, the chain can be regarded as a closed one and thus will
form a knot or rather a virtual knot. Several earlier studies of random
knotting demonstrated that simpler knots show their highest occurrence for
shorter random walks than more complex knots. However up to now there were no
rules that could be used to predict the optimal length of a random walk, i.e.
the length for which a given knot reaches its highest occurrence. Using
numerical simulations, we show here that a power law accurately describes the
relation between the optimal lengths of random walks leading to the formation
of different knots and the previously characterized lengths of ideal knots of
the corresponding type.


title:
The Neutron Decay Into a Proton and an Electron Faults the General Quark
  Hypothesis

abstract:
  It is well known and well established by scientific observation that a free
neutron radioactively decays into a proton plus an electron plus an
anti-neutrino with a mean life time before decay of about 900 seconds.
  That established fact conflicts sharply with the hypothesis that the neutron
is composed of two down plus one up quark and that the proton is composed of
one down plus two up quarks.
  That conflict throws doubt on the entire quark hypothesis.


title:
Thermodynamics of Na_8 and Na_{20} clusters studied with ab-initio
  electronic structure methods

abstract:
  We study the thermodynamics of Na_8 and Na_{20} clusters using
multiple-histogram methods and an ab initio treatment of the valence electrons
within density functional theory. We consider the influence of various electron
kinetic-energy functionals and pseudopotentials on the canonical ionic specific
heats. The results for all models we consider show qualitative similarities,
but also significant temperature shifts from model to model of peaks and other
features in the specific-heat curves. The use of phenomenological
pseudopotentials shifts the melting peak substantially (~ 50--100 K) when
compared to ab-initio results. It is argued that the choice of a good
pseudopotential and use of better electronic kinetic-energy functionals has the
potential for performing large time scale and large sized thermodynamical
simulations on clusters.


title: Particle Propagation Upstream of CIR Shocks

abstract:
  The first high solar latitude pass of the Ulysses spacecraft revealed the
presence of MeV particle increases up to latitudes above 60 degrees, well
outside the CIR belt but associated in time with the regular passage of these
plasma interfaces at more equatorial latitudes. The particle increases have
been explained variously as due to diffusion from a field line connection with
a CIR at a greater distance, perpendicular diffusion in latitude, propagation
from the inner Corona or an acceleration process on a connecting field line.
Numerical solutions to the 1-D propagation equation upstream of a CIR shock for
reasonable diffusion mean free paths are shown here to limit the source of the
increases to within about 2 AU of the CIR's, asssuming the CIR's either trap or
accelerate energetic particles and they diffuse from the nearby CIR interface.
The problem of allowing propagation from the CIR's is eased if the CIRs are
located according to the predictions for the current sheet with a solar source
surface at $2.5 R_{s}$, rather than at $3.25 R_{s}$. Energetic electron
observations showing delays with respect to the CIR-associated ions suggest
possibly an acceleration in the inner corona, rather than in the CIR-associated
shock. A more likely explanation, however, is the ability of electrons to take
a longer a longer route, from beyond the point of observation, than for that of
the ions and yet arrive within a few days of CIR closest approach time.


title: Aircraft Hazard related to gas emission from the Earth

abstract:
  I think it important that pilots, the aircraft industry, air safety staff,
accident investigators, should all be aware of the possibility of the hazard
described in the accompanying article, and also that research shold be directed
to establish the severity of this hazard, and find ways of diminishing the
risk.


title: Consistent Equation of Classical Gravitation to Quantum Limit and Beyond

abstract:
  General Relativity makes a distinction between mass and space. Mass tells
space how to curve and space tells mass how to move. Newtonian gravity equation
makes a distinction between them by having its numerator as mass effect and its
denominator as inverse square law space effect at macroscopic approximation. At
microscopic distances it makes sense to substitute surface-to-surface distance
between two nucleons for center-to-center distance between them to account for
the mass space distinction, keeping in mind the smallest distance between
coupled nucleons is Planck length. Any distance less than Planck makes no sense
in the classical world. When we calculate the force between two nucleons of one
femtometer diameter each, separated by a surface-to-surface distance of Planck
length, we get the force that matches well known nuclear force i.e. 10E40 times
the value of the force of gravitation ``g'' calculated by assuming the
Newtonian center-to-center distance of 1 femtometer. What we get is what is
described as the nuclear force in scientific literature. This leads to the
question: Is the nuclear force (well recognized secondary effect of color
force) high intensity gravitation?


title: Ideal-Chain Collapse in Biopolymers

abstract:
  A conceptual difficulty in the Hooke's-law description of ideal Gaussian
polymer-chain elasticity is sometimes apparent in analyses of experimental data
or in physical models designed to simulate the behavior of biopolymers. The
problem, the tendency of a chain to collapse in the absence of external forces,
is examined in the following examples: DNA-stretching experiments, gel
electrophoresis, and protein folding. We demonstrate that the application of a
statistical-mechanically derived repulsive force, acting between the chain
ends, whose magnitude is proportional to the absolute temperature and inversely
proportional to the scalar end separation removes this difficulty.


title: Fast and stable method for simulating quantum electron dynamics

abstract:
  A fast and stable method is formulated to compute the time evolution of a
wavefunction by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr{\"o}dinger
equation. This method is a real space/real time evolution method implemented by
several computational techniques such as Suzuki's exponential product, Cayley's
form, the finite differential method and an operator named adhesive operator.
This method conserves the norm of the wavefunction, manages periodic conditions
and adaptive mesh refinement technique, and is suitable for vector- and
parallel-type supercomputers. Applying this method to some simple electron
dynamics, we confirmed the efficiency and accuracy of the method for simulating
fast time-dependent quantum phenomena.


title:
Finite element approach for simulating quantum electron dynamics in a
  magnetic field

abstract:
  A fast and stable numerical method is formulated to compute the time
evolution of a wave function in a magnetic field by solving the time-dependent
Schroedinger equation. This computational method is based on the finite element
method in real space to improved accuracy without any increase of computational
cost. This method is also based on Suzuki's exponential product theory to
afford an efficient way to manage the TD-Schroedinger equation with a vector
potential. Applying this method to some simple electron dynamics, we have
confirmed its efficiency and accuracy.


title:
Time dependent energy absorption of atomic clusters from an intense
  laser pulse

abstract:
  For the energy absorption of atomic clusters as a function of the laser pulse
duration we find a similar behavior as it has been observed for metallic
clusters [K\"oller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 82}, 3783 (1999)]. In both
situations there exists an optimum radius $R_{o}$ of the cluster for energy
absorption. In the metallic case the existence of $R_{o}$ has been interpreted
as a consequence of the collective oscillation of a delocalized electron cloud
in resonance with the laser frequency. Here, we give evidence that in the
atomic cluster the origin of $R_{o}$ is very different. Based on field assisted
tunneling it can be related to the phenomenon of enhanced ionization as it
occurs in small molecules. The dependence of $R_{o}$ on the laser frequency
turns out to be the key quantity to distinguish the processes.


title:
Compound Poisson Statistics and Models of Clustering of Radiation
  Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks

abstract:
  According to the experimental evidence damage induced by densely ionizing
radiation in mammalian cells is distributed along the DNA molecule in the form
of clusters. The most critical constituent of DNA damage are double-strand
breaks (DSBs) which are formed when the breaks occur in both DNA strands and
are directly opposite or separated by only a few base pairs. The paper
discusses a model of clustered DSB formation viewed in terms of compound
Poisson process along with the predictive assay of the formalism in application
to experimental data.


title: Ultracold collisions of metastable helium atoms

abstract:
  We report scattering lengths for the singlet Sigma g +, triplet Sigma u + and
quintet Sigma g + adiabatic molecular potentials relevant to collisions of two
metastable (n=2 triplet S) helium atoms as a function of the uncertainty in
these potentials. These scattering lengths are used to calculate experimentally
observable scattering lengths, elastic cross sections and inelastic rates for
any combination of states of the colliding atoms, at temperatures where the
Wigner threshold approximation is valid.


title: Electric Charge as a Vector Quantity

abstract:
  Starting with the premise that the electric charge associated with
fundamental fermions (quarks and leptons) can, under certain circumstances, be
appropriately represented as a real \emph{internal} 2-vector, the mathematical
``machinery'' implicit in the associated internal 2-space is shown to apply to
\emph{all} fundamental fermions. In particular, it is shown that \emph{flavor
eigenstates}, \emph{flavor doublets} and \emph{families} of fundamental
fermions can all be represented in the 2-space, and that such things as
internal \emph{colors}, \emph{family replication}, and the observed
\emph{number} (three) of families, are more-or-less implicit in the new 2-space
description. Moreover, the model predicts that, unlike the case in the standard
model, particles such as the $u$, $c$ and $t$ quarks are characterized by
significant internal (topological and other) differences. Similar differences
may help explain recent observations of (nearly) maximal $\nu_{\mu}-\nu_{\tau}$
mixing.


title:
Modelling horizontal and vertical concentration profiles of ozone and
  oxides of nitrogen within high-latitude urban area

abstract:
  A Lagrangian column model has been developed to simulate the mean (monthly
and annual) three-dimensional structure in ozone and nitrogen oxides
concentrations in the boundary layer within and immediately around an urban
area. Short time-scale photochemical processes of ozone, as well as emissions
and deposition to the ground are simulated. The results show that the average
surface ozone concentration in the urban area is lower than the surrounding
rural areas by typically 50%. Model results are compared with observations.


title: Novel Method of Measuring Electron Positron Colliding Beam Parameters

abstract:
  Through the simultaneous measurement of the transverse size as a function of
longitudinal position, and the longitudinal distribution of luminosity, we are
able to measure the $\beta_y^\ast$ (vertical envelope function at the collision
point), vertical emittance, and bunch length of colliding beams at the Cornell
Electron-positron Storage Ring (CESR). This measurement is possible due to the
significant ``hourglass'' effect at CESR and the excellent tracking resolution
of the CLEO detector.


title:
The Numerical Solution of Nekrasov's Equation in the Boundary Layer near
  the Crest, for Waves near the Maximum Height

abstract:
  Nekrasov's integral equation describing water waves of permanent form,
determines the angle phi that the wave surface makes with the horizontal. The
independent variable s is a suitably scaled velocity potential, evaluated at
the free surface, with the origin corresponding to the crest of the wave. For
all waves, except for amplitudes near the maximum, phi satisfies the inequality
mod(phi) is less than pi/6. It has been shown numerically and analytically,
that as the wave amplitude approaches its maximum, the maximum of phi can
exceed pi/6 by about 1% near the crest. Numerical evidence suggested that this
occurs in a small boundary layer near the crest where mod(phi(s)) rises rapidly
from zero and oscillates about pi/6, the number of oscillations increasing as
the maximum amplitude is approached. McLeod derived, from Nekrasov's equation,
an integral equation for phi in the boundary layer, whose width tends to zero
as the maximum wave is approached. He also conjectured the asymptotic form of
the oscillations of mod(phi(s)) about pi/6 as s tends to infinity. We solve
McLeod's boundary layer equation numerically and verify the asymptotic form of
phi.


title:
The two-time Green's Function and screened Self-Energy for two-electron
  quasi-degenerate States

abstract:
  Precise predictions of atomic energy levels require the use of QED,
especially in highly-charged ions, where the inner electrons have relativistic
velocities. We present an overview of the two-time Green's function method;
this method allows one to calculate level shifts in two-electron highly-charged
ions by including in principle all QED effects, for any set of states
(degenerate, quasi-degenerate or isolated).


title:
Recoil-Induced-Resonances in Nonlinear, Ground-State, Pump-Probe
  Spectroscopy

abstract:
  A theory of pump-probe spectroscopy is developed in which optical fields
drive two-photon Raman transitions between ground states of an ensemble of
three-level $\Lambda $ atoms. Effects related to the recoil the atoms undergo
as a result of their interactions with the fields are fully accounted for in
this theory. The linear absorption coefficient of a weak probe field in the
presence of two pump fields of arbitrary strength is calculated. For subrecoil
cooled atoms, the spectrum consists of eight absorption lines and eight
emission lines. In the limit that $\chi_{1}\ll \chi_{2}$, where $\chi_{1}$ and
$\chi_{2}$ are the Rabi frequencies of the two pump fields, one recovers the
absorption spectrum for a probe field interacting with an effective two-level
atom in the presence of a single pump field. However when $\chi_{1}\gtrsim
\chi_{2}$, new interference effects arise that allow one to selectively turn on
and off some of these recoil induced resonances.


title: Evolutionary conservation of the folding nucleus

abstract:
  In this Communication we present statistical analysis of conservation
profiles in families of homologous sequences for nine proteins whose folding
nucleus was determined by protein engineering methods. We show that in all but
one protein (AcP) folding nucleus residues are significantly more conserved
than the rest of the protein. Two aspects of our study are especially
important: 1) grouping of amino acids into classes according to their
physical-chemical properties and 2) proper normalization of amino acid
probabilities that reflects the fact that evolutionary pressure to conserve
some amino acid types may itself affect concentration of various amino acid
types in protein families. Neglect of any of those two factors may make
physical and biological ``signals'' from conservation profiles disappear.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.chem-ph q-bio


title: Collapsing dynamics of attractive Bose-Einstein condensates

abstract:
  The self-similar collapse of 3D and quasi-2D atom condensates with negative
scattering length is examined. 3D condensates are shown to blow up following
the scenario of {\it weak collapse}: The inner core of the condensate diverges
with an almost zero particle number, while its tail distribution spreads out to
large distances with a constant density profile. For this case, the 3-body
recombination arrests the collapse, but it weakly dissipates the atoms. The
confining trap then reforms the condensate at later times. In contrast, 2D
condensates undergo a {\it strong collapse}: The atoms stay mainly located at
center and recombination sequentially absorbs a significant amount of
particles.


title:
Generation of electromagnetic pulses from plasma channels induced by
  femtosecond light strings

abstract:
  We present a model that elucidates the physics underlying the generation of
an electromagnetic pulse from a femtosecond laser induced plasma channel. The
radiation pressure force from the laser pulse spatially separates the ionized
electrons from the heavier ions and the induced dipole moment subsequently
oscillates at the plasma frequency and radiates an electromagnetic pulse.


title:
Geomagnetic control of the spectrum of traveling ionospheric
  disturbances based on data from a global GPS network

abstract:
  In this paper an attempt is made to verify the hypothesis on the role of
geomagnetic disturbances as a factor determining the intensity of traveling
ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). To improve the statistical validity of the
data, we have used the based on the new GLOBDET technology method involving a
global spatial averaging of disturbance spectra of the total electron content
(TEC). To characterize the TID intensity quantitatively, we suggest that a new
global index of the degree of disturbance should be used, which is equal to the
mean value of the rms variations in TEC within the selected range of spectral
periods (of 20-60 min in the present case). It was found that power spectra of
daytime TEC variations in the range of 20-60 min periods under quiet conditions
have a power-law form, with the slope index k = -2.5. With an increase of the
level of magnetic disturbance, there is an increase in total intensity of TIDs,
with a concurrent kink of the spectrum caused by an increase in oscillation
intensity in the range of 20-60 min. It was found that an increase in the level
of geomagnetic activity is accompanied by an increase in total intensity of
TEC; however, it correlates not with the absolute level of Dst, but with the
value of the time derivative of Dst (a maximum correlation coefficient reaches
-0.94). The delay of the TID response of the order of 2 hours is consistent
with the view that TIDs are generated in auroral regions, and propagate
equatorward with the velocity of about 300-400 m/s.


title: Finite time singularities in a class of hydrodynamic models

abstract:
  Models of inviscid incompressible fluid are considered, with the kinetic
energy (i.e., the Lagrangian functional) taking the form ${\cal L}\sim\int
k^\alpha|{\bf v_k}|^2d^3{\bf k}$ in 3D Fourier representation, where $\alpha$
is a constant, $0<\alpha< 1$. Unlike the case $\alpha=0$ (the usual Eulerian
hydrodynamics), a finite value of $\alpha$ results in a finite energy for a
singular, frozen-in vortex filament. This property allows us to study the
dynamics of such filaments without the necessity of a regularization procedure
for short length scales. The linear analysis of small symmetrical deviations
from a stationary solution is performed for a pair of anti-parallel vortex
filaments and an analog of the Crow instability is found at small wave-numbers.
A local approximate Hamiltonian is obtained for the nonlinear long-scale
dynamics of this system. Self-similar solutions of the corresponding equations
are found analytically. They describe the formation of a finite time
singularity, with all length scales decreasing like $(t^*-t)^{1/(2-\alpha)}$,
where $t^*$ is the singularity time.


title: Coherent Transport

abstract:
  We discuss the transport of matter waves in low-dimensional waveguides. Due
to scattering from uncontrollable noise fields, the spatial coherence gets
reduced and eventually lost. We develop a description of this decoherence
process in terms of transport equations for the atomic Wigner function. We
outline its derivation and discuss the special case of white noise where an
analytical solution can be found.


title:
Electromagnetic Induction and the Conservation of Momentum in the Spiral
  Paradox

abstract:
  The inversion of cause and effect in the classic description of
electromagnetism, gives rise to a conceptual error which is at the bottom of
many paradoxes and exceptions. At present, the curious fact that unipolar
induction or the Faraday Disc constitutes an exception to the Faraday induction
law is generally accepted. When we establish the correct cause and effect
relationship a close connection appears between mechanics and electromagnetism,
as does a new induction law for which paradoxes or exceptions do not occur.
Some paradoxical experiments in unipolar induction involving the unique
geometry of the spiral are described demonstrating the inversion of cause and
effect. The emf and torque of the Faraday Disc and the conducting spiral is due
to the continuous variation of the electromagnetic angular moment of the
continuous current. This experiments confirm the Lorentz Force and invalidate
Faradays Induction Law. They show how in a closed circuit emf and unipolar
torque are not produced by the variation in magnetic flux, which is constant,
but by two variations in the electromagnetic angular moment. The three possible
ways of varying the electromagnetic angular moment generated by the circulation
of the charges gives rise to the different forms of electromagnetic induction.


title:
Atomic Energy Levels with QED and Contribution of the Screened
  Self-Energy

abstract:
  We present an introduction to the principles behind atomic energy level
calculations with Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and the two-time Green's
function method; this method allows one to calculate an effective Hamiltonian
that contains all QED effects and that can be used to predict QED Lamb shifts
of degenerate, quasidegenerate and isolated atomic levels.


title:
Space-Time Exchange Invariance: Special Relativity as a Symmetry
  Principle

abstract:
  Special relativity is reformulated as a symmetry property of space-time:
Space-Time Exchange Invariance. The additional hypothesis of spatial
homogeneity is then sufficient to derive the Lorentz transformation without
reference to the traditional form of the Principle of Special Relativity. The
kinematical version of the latter is shown to be a consequence of the Lorentz
transformation. As a dynamical application, the laws of electrodynamics and
magnetodynamics are derived from those of electrostatics and magnetostatics
respectively. The 4-vector nature of the electromagnetic potential plays a
crucial role in the last two derivations.


title: Perturbative treatment of intercenter coupling in Redfield theory

abstract:
  The quantum dynamics of coupled subsystems connected to a thermal bath is
studied. In some of the earlier work the effect of intercenter coupling on the
dissipative part was neglected. This is equivalent to a zeroth-order
perturbative expansion of the damping term with respect to the intercenter
coupling. It is shown numerically for two coupled harmonic oscillators that
this treatment can lead to artifacts and a completely wrong description, for
example, of a charge transfer processes even for very weak intercenter
coupling. Here we perform a first-order treatment and show that these artifacts
disappear. In addition, we demonstrate that the thermodynamic equilibrium
population is almost reached even for strong intercenter coupling strength.


title: Are Short and Long Gamma Ray Bursts Really of Different Origin?

abstract:
  It is shown that short and long gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are of the same
origin and, furthermore, correlated with their duration.


title: Dipole Mode Detuning in the Injector Linacs of the NLC

abstract:
  The injector linacs of the JLC/NLC project include the prelinac, the e+ drive
linac, the $e- booster, and the $e+ booster. The first three will be S-band
machines, the last one, an L-band machine. We have demonstrated that by using
detuning alone in the accelerator structure design of these linacs we will have
acceptable tolerances for emittance growth due to both injection jitter and
structure misalignments, for both the nominal (2.8ns) and alternate (1.4ns)
bunch spacings.


title: The Arrow of Time

abstract:
  It is shown that (special) relativistically dilated time is the vector sum of
rest time and time induced by movement in three dimensional space exeeding the
rest time component and that the first vector is orthogonally directed relative
to our three dimensional space. This again implies that its origin lies in the
movement of three dimensional space relative to a four dimensional manifold.
The theory predicts asymmetrical time dilation.


title: Atomic Radiative Transitions in Thermo Field Dynamics

abstract:
  In this work we rederive the Lamb-Retherford energy shift for an atomic
electron in the presence of a thermal radiation. Using the Dalibard, Dupont-Roc
and Cohen-Tannoudji (DDC) formalism, where physical observables are expressed
as convolutions of suitable statistical functions, we construct the
electromagnetic field propagator of Thermo Field Dynamics in the Coulomb gauge
in order to investigate finite temperature effects on the atomic energy levels.
In the same context, we also analyze the problem of the ground state stability.


title:
Fourth Order Gradient Symplectic Integrator Methods for Solving the
  Time-Dependent Schr\"odinger Equation

abstract:
  We show that the method of splitting the operator ${\rm e}^{\epsilon(T+V)}$
to fourth order with purely positive coefficients produces excellent algorithms
for solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. These algorithms require
knowing the potential and the gradient of the potential. One 4th order
algorithm only requires four Fast Fourier Transformations per iteration. In a
one dimensional scattering problem, the 4th order error coefficients of these
new algorithms are roughly 500 times smaller than fourth order algorithms with
negative coefficient, such as those based on the traditional Ruth-Forest
symplectic integrator. These algorithms can produce converged results of
conventional second or fourth order algorithms using time steps 5 to 10 times
as large. Iterating these positive coefficient algorithms to 6th order also
produced better converged algorithms than iterating the Ruth-Forest algorithm
to 6th order or using Yoshida's 6th order algorithm A directly.


title:
Method of Replacing the Variables for Generalized Symmetry of D'Alembert
  Equation

abstract:
  By symmetry of the partial differential equation L'\phi'(x')=0 with respect
to the variables replacement x'=x'(x), \phi'=\phi'(\Phi\phi) it is advanced to
understand the compatibility of engaging equations system A\phi'(\Phi\phi)=0,
L\phi(x)=0, where A\phi'(\Phi\phi)=0 is obtained from the initial equation by
replacing the variables, L'=L, \Phi(x) is some weight function. If the equation
A\phi'(\Phi\phi)=0 may be transformed to the form L(\Psi\phi)=0, where \Psi(x)
is the weight function, the symmetry will be named the standard Lie symmetry,
otherwise the generalized symmetry.
  It is shown that with the given understanding of the symmetry, D'Alembert
equation for one component field is invariant with respect to any arbitrary
reversible coordinate transformations x'=x'(x). In particular, they contain the
transformations of the conformal and Galilei groups realizing the type of
standard and generalized symmetry for \Phi(x)=\phi'(x'\to x)/\phi(x).


title: Mach-Zehnder interferometer based all optical flip-flop

abstract:
  For the first time an all optical flip-flop is demonstrated based on two
coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometers which contain semiconductor optical
amplifiers in their arms. The flip-flop operation is discussed and it is
demonstrated using commercially available fiber pigtailed devices. Being based
on Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the flip-flop has potential for very high
speed operation.


title:
An improved empirical equation for bunch lengthening in electron storage
  rings

abstract:
  In this paper we propose an improved empirical equation for the bunch
lengthening in electron storage rings. The comparisons are made between the
analytical and experimental results, and the agreements are quite well. This
improved equation can be equally applied to the case where a storage ring is
very resistive (such as the improved SLC damping rings) instead of inductive as
usual.


title: Nonlinear QED Effects in Heavy Ion Collisions

abstract:
  Peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions uniquely probe many aspects
of QED. Examples include $e^+e^-$ pair production and nuclear excitation in
strong fields. After discussing these reactions, I will draw parallels between
$\gamma\to e^+e^-$ and $\gamma\to q\bar q$ and consider partly hadronic
reactions. The scattered $q\bar q$ pairs are a prolific source of vector
mesons, which demonstrate many quantum effects. The two ions are a two-source
interferometer, demonstrating interference between meson waves. Multiple vector
meson production will demonstrate superradiance, a first step toward a vector
meson laser. Finally, I will discuss the experimental program planned at the
RHIC and LHC heavy ion colliders.


title:
Direct measurement of sub-pixel structure of the EPIC MOS CCD on-board
  th e XMM/NEWTON satellite

abstract:
  We have used a mesh experiment in order to measure the sub-pixel structure of
the EPIC MOS CCDs on-board the XMM/NEWTON satellite. The EPIC MOS CCDs have 40
$\mu$m-square pixels which have an open electrode structure in order to improve
the detection efficiency for low-energy X-rays. We obtained restored pixel
images for various X-ray event grades (e.g. split-pixel events, single pixel
events, etc.) at various X-ray energies.
  We confirmed that the open electrode structure results in a distorted
horizontal pixel boundary. The open electrode region generates both single
pixel events and vertically split events, but no horizontally split events.
Because the single pixel events usually show the best energy resolution, we
discuss a method of increasing the fraction of single pixel events from the
open electrode region. Furthermore, we have directly measured the thickness of
the electrodes and dead-layers by comparing spectra from the open electrode
region with those from the other regions: electrodes, electrode finger and
channel stop. We can say that EPIC MOS CCDs are more radiation hard than
front-illumination chips of ACIS on-board Chandra X-ray Observatory because of
their extra absorption thickness above the charge transfer channel. We
calcurated the mean pixel response and found that our estimation has a good
agreement with that of the ground calibration of EPIC MOS CCD.


title: Geodesic Lines in the Gravitational Field of Nonlinear Cosmic Strings

abstract:
  We briefly review the equations of motion and the space-time interval due to
the nonlinear cosmic string that have been derived in ref. [3] for the first
time. The different types of isotropic and nonisotropic geodesic lines in the
gravitational field of nonlinear cosmic string have been analyzed in detail.


title:
Solution of Poisson's equation for finite systems using plane wave
  methods

abstract:
  Reciprocal space methods for solving Poisson's equation for finite charge
distributions are investigated. Improvements to previous proposals are
presented, and their performance is compared in the context of a real-space
density functional theory code. Two basic methodologies are followed:
calculation of correction terms, and imposition of a cut-off to the Coulomb
potential. We conclude that these methods can be safely applied to finite or
aperiodic systems with a reasonable control of speed and accuracy.


title:
Did 20th century physics have the means to reveal the nature of inertia
  and gravitation?

abstract:
  At the beginning of the 20th century the classical electron theory (or,
perhaps more appropriately, the classical electromagnetic mass theory) - the
first physical theory that dared ask the question of what inertia and mass were
- was gaining momentum and there were hopes that physics would be finally able
to explain their origin. It is argued in this paper that if that promising
research path had not been inexplicably abandoned after the advent of
relativity and quantum mechanics, the contemporary physics would have revealed
not only the nature of inertia, mass, and gravitation, but most importantly
would have outlined the ways of their manipulation. Another goal of the paper
is to try to stimulate the search for the mechanism responsible for inertia and
gravitation by outlining a research direction, which demonstrates that the
classical electromagnetic mass theory in conjunction with the principle of
equivalence offers such a mechanism.


title:
Charged Brown Particle: The More Retardation is - the Lower is the
  Effective Temperature

abstract:
  The Brownian motion of a charged particle with finite size (described by
Sommerfeld model) is considered. It is found out that due to radiation
reaction: (1) the effective temperature of such particle is lower, and (2) the
acceleration of the average velocity is smaller, than that for classical Brown
particle without electric charge.

categories: physics.class-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP


title:
Dynamical Properties and Plasmon Dispersion of a Weakly Degenerate
  Correlated One-Component Plasma

abstract:
  Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations for a one-component plasma
(OCP) are presented. Quantum effects are included in the form of the Kelbg
potential. Results for the dynamical structure factor are compared with the
Vlasov and RPA (random phase approximation) theories. The influence of the
coupling parameter $\Gamma$, degeneracy parameter $\rho \Lambda^3$ and the form
of the pair interaction on the optical plasmon dispersion is investigated. An
improved analytical approximation for the dispersion of Langmuir waves is
presented.


title:
Anisotropic charge displacement supporting isolated photorefractive
  optical needles

abstract:
  The strong asymmetry in charge distribution supporting a single
non-interacting spatial needle soliton in a paraelectric photorefractive is
directly observed by means of electroholographic readout. Whereas in trapping
conditions a quasi-circular wave is supported, the underlying double-dipolar
structure can be made to support two distinct propagation modes.


title:
Do we need to recourse to Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics to explain wire
  fragmentation in the solid state?

abstract:
  Exploding wires are widely used in many experimental setups and pulsed power
systems. However, many aspects of the process of wire fragmentation still
remain unclear. If the current density is not too high, the wire may break up
in the solid state.
  In a series of papers, see references therein, Graneau argued that neither
mechanical vibrations induced by the electromagnetic pinch force nor thermal
expansion could have been responsible for the wire disintegration because they
were too weak. To explain the phenomenon he appealed to the obsolete Ampere
force law as opposed to the conventional Biot-Savart force law. Graneau argued
that the Ampere force law would lead to a longitudinal tension in the wire,
although his calculations may have been in error on this point. Therefore,
Graneau's explanations induced a controversy in electrodynamics with a number
of authors arguing pro and con.
  In this investigation, we use a simplified magneto-thermo-elastic model to
study flexural vibrations induced by high pulsed currents in wires with clumped
ends on account of their role in the disintegration process. It is shown that
the induced flexural vibrations are strong enough to lead to the breaking of
the wire in a wide range of parameters.


title: Monte Carlo methods: Application to hydrogen gas and hard spheres

abstract:
  Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods can very accurately compute ground state
properties of quantum systems. We applied these methods to a system of boson
hard spheres to get exact, infinite system size results for the ground state at
several densities.
  Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) requires optimizing a parameterized wave
function to find the minimum energy. We examine several techniques for
optimizing VMC wave functions, focusing on the ability to optimize parameters
appearing in the Slater determinant.
  The kinds of problems that can be simulated with Monte Carlo methods are
expanded through the development of new algorithms for combining a QMC
simulation of the electrons with a classical Monte Carlo simulation for the
nuclei, which we call Coupled Electronic-Ionic Monte Carlo (CEIMC). The new
CEIMC method is applied to a system of molecular hydrogen at temperatures
ranging from 2800K to 4500K and densities from 0.25 to 0.46 g/cm**3.
  The challenges in constructing an efficient CEIMC simulation center mostly
around the noisy results generated from the QMC computations of the electronic
energy. The penalty method is a modification of the Metropolis method that can
tolerate noise. An improved correlated sampling method, the two-sided energy
difference method, is also presented as a method for reducing the noise.


title:
Enhancement of bichromatic high-harmonic generation with a
  high-frequency field

abstract:
  Using a high-frequency field superposed to a linearly polarized bichromatic
laser field composed by a wave with frequency $\omega $ and a wave with
frequency $2\omega $, we show it is possible to enhance the intensity of a
group of high harmonics in orders of magnitude. These harmonics have
frequencies about 30% higher than the monochromatic-cutoff frequency, and,
within the three-step-model framework, correspond to a set of electron
trajectories for which tunneling ionization is strongly suppressed. Particular
features in the observed enhancement suggest that the high-frequency field
provides an additional mechanism for the electron to reach the continuum. This
interpretation is supported by a time-frequency analysis of the harmonic yield.
The additional high frequency field permits the control of this group of
harmonics leaving all other sets of harmonics practically unchanged, which is
an advantage over schemes involving only bichromatic fields.


title:
Causal explanation for observed superluminal behavior of microwave
  propagation in free space

abstract:
  In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of an experiment by Mugnai
and collaborators where superluminal behavior was observed in the propagation
of microwaves. We suggest that what was observed can be well approximated by
the motion of a superluminal X wave. Furthermore the experimental results are
also explained by the so called scissor effect which occurs with the
convergence of pairs of signals coming from opposite points of an annular
region of the mirror and forming an interference peak on the intersection axis
traveling at superluminal speed. We clarify some misunderstandings concerning
this kind of electromagnetic wave propagation in vacuum.


title: Twenty-Seven Lines on a Cubic Surface and Heterotic String Spacetimes

abstract:
  It is hypothetized that the algebra of the configuration of twenty-seven
lines lying on a general cubic surface underlines the dimensional hierarchy of
heterotic string spacetimes.


title:
Several New Cases Violating Time Reversal Symmetry In the Processes of
  Particle Interactions

abstract:
  It is pointed that we now actually have no enough proofs to prove that time
reversal symmetry is universally obeyed in the processes of particle
interactions. The analyses show that the time reversal symmetry is obviously
violated at least in the decay processes of particles, especially in the decay
processes of strange particles, and some resonance states with only one middle
resonance particle to appear, as well as the annihilation processes of particle
pairs. So the phenomena of violating time reversal symmetry may exist commonly
in the interaction processes between particles.


title: Asymmetrical Path Interference Test of Light

abstract:
  The asymmetrical path interference test of light is put forward in the paper.
In the test, two different results would arise under the same experimental
conditions if light is regarded as wave or particle. Therefore, the test can
help us to comprehend which concept, wave or particle, is more essential for
micro-particles.


title:
Biology and Thermodynamics: Seemingly-Opposite Phenomena in Search of a
  Unified Paradigm

abstract:
  It is probably not a coincidence that two of the pioneers of thermodynamics,
Helmholtz and Mayer, were physicians. Thermodynamics studies the
transformations of energy, and such transformations ceaselessly take place in
all living systems (probably with important differences between the states of
health and disease). Moreover, thermodynamics studies the elusive notions of
order and disorder, which are also, respectively, the very hallmarks of life
and death. These similarities suggest that thermodynamics might provide a
unifying paradigm for many life sciences, explaining the multitude of life's
manifestations on the basis of a few basic physical principles. In this article
we introduce some basic thermodynamic concepts and point out their usefulness
for the biologist and the physician. We hope to show that thermodynamics
enables looking at the riddles of life from a new perspective and asking some
new fruitful questions.


title:
Differential and partial cross sections of elastic and inelastic
  positronium-helium-atom scattering

abstract:
  Scattering of positronium (Ps) by helium atom has been investigated in a
three-Ps-state coupled-channel model including Ps(1s,2s,2p) states using a
recently proposed time-reversal-symmetric regularized electron-exchange model
potential. Specifically, we report results of differential cross sections for
elastic scattering and target-elastic Ps excitations. We also present results
for total and different partial cross sections and compare them with experiment
and other calculations.


title:
Dynamical calculation of direct muon-transfer rates from thermalized
  muonic hydrogen to C^{6+} and O^{8+}

abstract:
  We perform dynamical calculations of direct muon-transfer rates from
thermalized muonic hydrogen isotopes to bare nuclei C$^{6+}$ and O$^{8+}$. For
these three-body charge-transfer reactions with Coulomb interaction in the
final state we use two-component integro-differential Faddeev-Hahn-type
equations in configuration space using close-coupling approximation. To take
into account the high polarizability of the muonic hydrogen due to the large
charge of the incident nuclei, a polarization potential is included in the
elastic channel. The large final-state Coulomb interaction is explicitly
included in the transfer channel. The transfer rates so calculated are in good
agreement with recent experiments.


title: Positronium atom scattering by H_2 in a coupled-channel framework

abstract:
  The scattering of ortho positronium (Ps) by H$_2$ has been investigated using
a three-Ps-state [Ps(1s,2s,2p)H$_2($X $^1\Sigma_g^+$)] coupled-channel model
and using Born approximation for higher excitations and ionization of Ps and B
$^1\Sigma_u^+$ and b $^3\Sigma_u^+$ excitations of H$_2$. We employ a recently
proposed time-reversal-symmetric nonlocal electron-exchange model potential. We
present a calculational scheme for solving the body-frame fixed-nuclei
coupled-channel scattering equations for Ps-H$_2$, which simplifies the
numerical solution technique considerably. Ps ionization is found to have the
leading contribution to target-elastic and all target-inelastic processes. The
total cross sections at low and medium energies are in good agreement with
experiment.


title:
Differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic
  positronium-hydrogen-atom scattering

abstract:
  We report results of differential cross sections for elastic scattering,
target-elastic Ps excitations and target-inelastic excitation of hydrogen in a
five-state coupled-channel model allowing for Ps(1s)H(2s,2p) and Ps(2s,2p)H(1s)
excitations using a recently proposed time-reversal-symmetric regularized
electron-exchange model potential. The present model yields a singlet Ps-H
S-wave resonance at 4.01 eV of width 0.15 eV and a P-wave resonance at 5.08 eV
of width 0.004 eV. We also study the effect of the inclusion of the excited Ps
and H states on the convergence of the coupled-channel scheme.


title: On the Twin Non-paradox

abstract:
  It is shown that the "twin paradox" arises from comparing unlike entities,
namely perceived intervals with eigenintervals. When this lacuna is closed, it
is seen that there is no twin paradox and that eigentime can serve as the
independent variable for mechanics in Special Relativity.


title: An interpolation model for the equation of state in binary systems

abstract:
  The new interpolation model of state of binary mixture is investigated. This
model use only two parameters and produce many type of phase diagrams.


title: Parametric Processes in a Strong-Coupling Planar Microcavity

abstract:
  I present a theoretical treatment of parametric scattering in strong coupling
semiconductor microcavities to model experiments in which parametric oscillator
behaviour has been observed. The model consists of a non-linear excitonic
oscillator coupled to a cavity mode which is driven by the external fields, and
predicts the output power, below threshold gain and spectral blue shifts of the
parametric oscillator. The predictions are found to be in excellent agreement
with the experimental data.


title: Multi-filament structures in relativistic self-focusing

abstract:
  A simple model is derived to prove the multi-filament structure of
relativistic self-focusing with ultra-intense lasers. Exact analytical
solutions describing the transverse structure of waveguide channels with
electron cavitation, for which both the relativistic and ponderomotive
nonlinearities are taken into account, are presented.


title: Measurements of Spatial Resolution of ATLAS Pixel Detectors

abstract:
  Standard as well as irradiated silicon pixel detectors developed for the
ATLAS experiment were tested in a beam. Digital and analog resolutions were
determined comparing the positions measured by a microstrip telescope and by
the pixel detector. Digital resolutions of 10 um and analog resolutions of 6 um
(before irradiation) and 10 um (after irradiation) are obtained without
subtracting the error on the position determined by the telescope.


title: Anomalous scaling in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

abstract:
  The anomalous scaling exponents $\zeta_{n}$ of the longitudinal structure
functions $S_{n}$ for homogeneous isotropic turbulence are derived from the
Navier-Stokes equations by using field theoretic methods to develop a low
energy approximation in which the Kolmogorov theory is shown to act effectively
as a mean field theory. The corrections to the Kolmogorov exponents are
expressed in terms of the anomalous dimensions of the composite operators which
occur in the definition of $S_{n}$. These are calculated from the anomalous
scaling of the appropriate class of nonlinear Green's function, using an $uv$
fixed point of the renormalisation group, which thereby establishes the
connection with the dynamics of the turbulence. The main result is an algebraic
expression for $\zeta_{n}$, which contains no adjustable constants.
  It is valid at orders $n$ below $% g_{\ast}^{-1}$, where $g_{\ast}$ is the
fixed point coupling constant. This expression is used to calculate $\zeta
_{n}$ for orders in the range $% n=2$ to 10, and the results are shown to be in
good agreement with experimental data, key examples being $\zeta_{2}=0.7$,
$\zeta_{3}=1$ and $% \zeta_{6}=1.8$.


title: "True Transformations Relativity" and Electrodynamics

abstract:
  Different approaches to special relativity (SR) are discussed. The first
approach is an invariant approach in which physical quantities in the
four-dimensional spacetime are represented by true tensors or equivalently by
coordinate-based geometric quantities comprising both components and a basis.
This approach we call the ''true transformations (TT) relativity.'' It is
compared with the usual covariant approach, which mainly deals with the basis
components of true tensors. The third approach is the usual noncovariant
approach to SR in which some quantities are not tensor quantities, but rather
quantities from ''3+1'' space and time, e.g., the synchronously determined
spatial length. This formulation is called the ''apparent transformations (AT)\
relativity.'' The spacetime length is considered in the ''TT relativity'' and
spatial and temporal distances in the ''AT relativity.'' It is also found that
the usual transformations of the three-vectors of the electric and magnetic
fields $\QTR{bf}{E}$ and $\QTR{bf}{B}$ are the AT. The Maxwell equations with
$F^{ab}$ are written in terms of the 4-vectors of the electric $E^{a}$ and
magnetic $B^{a}$ fields. The covariant Majorana electromagnetic field 4-vector
$\Psi ^{a}$ is constructed by means of 4-vectors $E^{a}$ and $B^{a}$ and the
covariant Majorana formulation of electrodynamics is presented. A Dirac like
relativistic wave equation for the free photon is obtained.


title:
Cooling gases with Levy flights: using the generalized central limit
  theorem in physics

abstract:
  In the last ten years, the generalized central limit theorem established by
Paul Levy in the thirties has been found more and more relevant in physics.
Physicists call 'Levy flights' random walks for which the probability density
of the jump lenghts $x$ decays as $1/x^{1+\alpha}$ with $\alpha<2$ for large
$x$. We give here a glimpse of Levy flights in physics through two examples,
without going into technical details. We first introduce a simple toy model,
the Arrhenius cascade. We then present an important physical process, subrecoil
laser cooling of atomic gases, in which Levy flights play an essential role.


title: A measurement of Lorentz Angle of radiation-hard Pixel Sensors

abstract:
  Silicon pixel detectors developed to meet LHC requirements were tested in a
beam at CERN in the framework of the ATLAS collaboration. The experimental
behaviour of irradiated and not-irradiated sensors in a magnetic field is
discussed. The measurement of the Lorentz angle for these sensors at different
operating conditions is presented. A simple model of the charge drift in
silicon before and after irradiation is presented. The good agreement between
the model predictions and the experimental results is shown.


title:
Universal Distribution of Centers and Saddles in Two-Dimensional
  Turbulence

abstract:
  The statistical properties of the local topology of two-dimensional
turbulence are investigated using an electromagnetically forced soap film. The
local topology of the incompressible 2D flow is characterized by the Jacobian
determinant \Lambda(x,y) = (\omega^2 - \sigma^2)/4, where \omega (x,y) is the
local vorticity and \sigma (x,y) is the local strain rate. For turbulent flows
driven by different external force configurations, P(\Lambda) is found to be a
universal function when rescaled using the turbulent intensity. A simple model
that agrees with the measured functional form of P(\Lambda) is constructed
using the assumption that the stream function, \psi(x,y), is a Gaussian random
field.


title: Superconducting Nb-film LC resonator

abstract:
  Sputtered Nb thin-film LC resonators for low frequencies at 0.5 MHz have been
fabricated and tested in the temperature range 0.05--1 K in magnetic fields up
to 30 mT. Their Q value increases towards decreasing temperature as sqrt(T) and
reaches 10^3 at 0.05 K. As a function of magnetic field Q is unstable and
displays variations up to 50%, which are reproducible from one field sweep to
the next. These instabilities are attributed to dielectric losses in the plasma
deposited SiO_2 insulation layer, since the thin-film coil alone reaches a Q >
10^5 at 0.05 K.


title:
Phase transition in the collisionless regime for wave-particle
  interaction

abstract:
  Gibbs statistical mechanics is derived for the Hamiltonian system coupling
self-consistently a wave to N particles. This identifies Landau damping with a
regime where a second order phase transition occurs. For nonequilibrium initial
data with warm particles, a critical initial wave intensity is found: above it,
thermodynamics predicts a finite wave amplitude in the limit of infinite N;
below it, the equilibrium amplitude vanishes. Simulations support these
predictions providing new insight on the long-time nonlinear fate of the wave
due to Landau damping in plasmas.

categories: physics.plasm-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.DS nlin.PS


title:
Method for Precision Test of Fine Structure Constant Variation with
  Optical Frequency References

abstract:
  A new method for examining the possible space-time variation of the fine
structure constant ($\alpha$) is proposed. The technique uses a relatively
simple measurement with an optical resonator to compare atom-stabilized optical
frequency references. This method does not require that the exact frequency of
each reference be measured, and has the potential to yield more than a
1000-fold improvement in experimental sensitivity to changes in $\alpha$. A
specific realization of an experiment using this method is discussed which can
approach the precision of ${\dot\alpha/\alpha}\sim10^{-18}/\tau$, where $\tau$
is the measurement time. Moreover, for this specific realization, a measurement
of ${\dot\alpha/\alpha}\sim10^{-15}/{\rm yr}$ as a near-term goal is realistic.


title: Intrabeam Scattering Analysis of ATF Beam Data Taken in April 2000

abstract:
  In April 2000 the single bunch energy spread, bunch length, horizontal
emittance, and vertical emittance were measured as functions of current in
KEK's ATF damping ring. In this report the measurement results are analyzed in
light of intrabeam scattering theory. The measurements are found to be
relatively consistent with theory, although the measured effects appear to be
stronger than theory. In addition, the factor of 3 growth in vertical emittance
at a current of 3 mA does not seem to be supported.


title:
Analytical Estimation of the Beam-Beam Interaction Limited Dynamic
  Apertures and Lifetimes in e^+e^- Circular Colliders

abstract:
  Physically speaking, the delta function like beam-beam nonlinear forces at
interaction points (IPs) act as a sum of delta function nonlinear multipoles.
By applying the general theory established in ref. 1, in this paper we
investigate analytically the beam-beam interaction limited dynamic apertures
and the corresponding beam lifetimes for both the round and the flat beams.
Relations between the beam-beam limited beam lifetimes and the beam-beam tune
shifts are established, which show clearly why experimentally one has always a
maximum beam-beam tune shift, \xi_{y, max}, around 0.045 for e-^+e$^- circular
colliders, and why one can use round beams to double this value approximately.
Comparisons with some machine parameters are given. Finally, we discuss the
mechanism of the luminosity reduction due to a definite collision crossing
angle.


title: The Heats of Reactions. Calorimetry and Van't-Hoff. 2

abstract:
  Earlier, the author found that for the biggest part of chemical reactions the
law of conservation of energy must have the following form: dU=dQ+PdV+SUM In
the present paper this result is confirmed by other experiments.


title: Evaporative cooling of cesium atoms in the gravito-optical surface trap

abstract:
  We report on cooling of an atomic cesium gas closely above an
evanescent-wave. Our first evaporation experiments show a temperature reduction
from 10muK down to 300nK along with a gain in phase-space density of almost two
orders of magnitude. In a series of measurements of heating and spin
depolarization an incoherent background of resonant photons in the
evanescent-wave diode laser light was found to be the limiting factor at this
stage.


title: Changing Mass Corrects Newtonian Gravity

abstract:
  Newton's inverse-square law of universal gravitation assumes constant mass.
But mass increases with speed and perhaps with gravity. By SR, mass is
increased over the rest mass by gamma. Rest mass is here postulated to increase
under gravity, by 1/alpha =1+GM/rc^2. We examine the consequences of
introducing this changing mass into Newton's law in flat spacetime. This
variable mass affects the metric, relative to an observer away from the
influence of gravity, contracting both lengths and times (as measured) by
alpha/gamma. The gravitational force, as in orbital calculations, differs from
Newton's law by the factor (gamma/alpha)^3, and is not quite inverse square.
Without adjustable parameters, this accounts fully for the classical tests of
GR. The postulated "fifth force" appears at the 10^-9 g level.
Gravitationally-influenced space remains Euclidean, but the mass-metric changes
make it seem curved when measured.


title:
Transparent Anomalous Dispersion and Superluminal Light Pulse
  Propagation at a Negative Group Velocity

abstract:
  Anomalous dispersion cannot occur in a transparent passive medium where
electromagnetic radiation is being absorbed at all frequencies, as pointed out
by Landau and Lifshitz. Here we show, both theoretically and experimentally,
that transparent linear anomalous dispersion can occur when a gain doublet is
present. Therefore, a superluminal light pulse propagation can be observed even
at a negative group velocity through a transparent medium with almost no pulse
distortion. Consequently, a {\it negative transit time} is experimentally
observed resulting in the peak of the incident light pulse to exit the medium
even before entering it. This counterintuitive effect is a direct result of the
{\it rephasing} process owing to the wave nature of light and is not at odds
with either causality or Einstein's theory of special relativity.


title:
Determination of some solubilization parameters with surfactants of
  egg-yolk lecithin multilamellar vesicles by static light-scattering
  measurements

abstract:
  Effective surfactant:phospholipid ratios (i.e. molar ratios in the mixed
aggregates, vesicles or micelles) have been determined by static
light-scattering for the interaction of egg-yolk lecithin (EYL) multilamellar
vesicles (MLV) with Triton X-100 (TX-100), sodium deoxycholate (DOCNa) and
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB). The suspension of MLV-EYL was mixed with
appropriate volumes of surfactant solution and was left overnight to reaches
thermodynamic equilibrium. Rectan-gular optic diffusion data were used to
compute the solubilization parameters: total surfactant concentrations, at
saturation and solubilization Dtsat and Dtsol respectively, and effective molar
ratios, Resat and Resol respectively. From the Resat value ob-tained
graphically for interaction of vesicles with TX-100 resulted that in vesicle
bilayers a surfactant molecule is surrounded with seven phospholipid molecules
and the Resol value suggests that in mixed micelles ten lipid molecules with
about fifteen surfactant molecules coexist. The values of Resat and Resol in
case of MLV solubilization with DOCNa are 0.07 and 1.1 re-spectively. In case
of vesicles solubilization with CTMB, Resat =0.25 and Resol =3.6 These data
show that the solubilization power at thermodynamic equilibrium for the three
surfactants is in the sequence: CTMB<TX-100<DOCNa.