title:
Facilitated diffusion of DNA-binding proteins: Efficient simulation with
  the method of excess collisions (MEC)

abstract:
  In this paper, a new method to efficiently simulate diffusion controlled
second order chemical reactions is derived and applied to site-specific
DNA-binding proteins. The protein enters a spherical cell and propagates via
two competing modes, a free diffusion and a DNA-sliding mode, to search for its
specific binding site in the center of the cell. There is no need for a
straightforward simulation of this process. Instead, an alternative and exact
approach is shown to be essentially faster than explicit random-walk
simulations. The speed-up of this novel simulation technique is rapidly growing
with system size.


title: Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of Vulcanian Eruption

abstract:
  Vulcanian explosive eruption, which is a nonlinear and nonequilibrium abrupt
dynamics of magma-gas mixture, is modeled by a two-component Lennard-Jones
particle system. Molecular-dynamics simulation of a shock-tube experiment gives
consistent results with a explosive eruption picture of volcanology; Shock wave
and expansion wave are reproduced. In addition bubble nucleation of a gas
component in the magma melt and spinodal-like decomposition are observed in the
simulation. The result is also compared with a continuum hydrodynamic model;
Qualitative features of continuum dynamics are reproduced by the present model.
We find that the particle description of dynamics is an effective method in
such kind of abrupt dynamics.


title: A Novel Data Compression

abstract:
  A novel data compression scheme is presented. The method is very suitable for
black and white images, and it can generate a compression factor of eight; in
general the bitmap is optimized for an arbitary number of colors and not only
for unused information contained in a conventional bitmap with $2^j$ bits per
pixel. This compression method can be incorporated with other compression
methods; it is suitable for other image types and audio. The potential high
compression factor is cost effective for both memory and bandwidth
requirements.


title:
Aspirated capacitor measurements of air conductivity and ion mobility
  spectra

abstract:
  Measurements of ions in atmospheric air are used to investigate atmospheric
electricity and particulate pollution. Commonly studied ion parameters are (1)
air conductivity, related to the total ion number concentration, and (2) the
ion mobility spectrum, which varies with atmospheric composition. The physical
principles of air ion instrumentation are long-established. A recent
development is the computerised aspirated capacitor, which measures ions from
(a) the current of charged particles at a sensing electrode, and (b) the rate
of charge exchange with an electrode at a known initial potential, relaxing to
a lower potential. As the voltage decays, only ions of higher and higher
mobility are collected by the central electrode and contribute to the further
decay of the voltage. This enables extension of the classical theory to
calculate ion mobility spectra by inverting voltage decay time series. In
indoor air, ion mobility spectra determined from both the novel voltage decay
inversion, and an established voltage switching technique, were compared and
shown to be of similar shape. Air conductivities calculated by integration
were: 5.3 +- 2.5 fS/m and 2.7 +- 1.1 fS/m respectively, with conductivity
determined to be 3 fS/m by direct measurement at a constant voltage.
Applications of the new Relaxation Potential Inversion Method (RPIM) include
air ion mobility spectrum retrieval from historical data, and computation of
ion mobility spectra in planetary atmospheres.


title:
Current effects on scattering of surface gravity waves by bottom
  topography

abstract:
  Scattering of random surface gravity waves by small amplitude topography in
the presence of a uniform current is investigated theoretically. This problem
is relevant to ocean waves propagation on shallow continental shelves where
tidal currents are often significant. A perturbation expansion of the wave
action to second order in powers of the bottom amplitude yields an evolution
equation for the wave action spectrum. A scattering source term gives the rate
of exchange of the wave action spectrum between wave components, with
conservation of the total action at each absolute frequency. With and without
current, the scattering term yields reflection coefficients for the amplitudes
of waves that converge, to the results of previous theories for monochromatic
waves propagating in one dimension over sinusoidal bars. Over sandy continental
shelves, tidal currents are known to generate sandwaves with scales comparable
to those of surface waves. Application of the theory to such a real topography
suggests that scattering mainly results in a broadening of the directional wave
spectrum, due to forward scattering, while the back-scattering is generally
weaker. The current may strongly influence surface gravity wave scattering by
selecting different bottom scales with widely different spectral densities due
the sharp bottom spectrum roll-off.


title:
Trainspotting: Extraction and Analysis of Traffic and Topologies of
  Transportation Networks

abstract:
  The knowledge of real-life traffic pattern is crucial for good understanding
and analysis of transportation systems. This data is quite rare. In this paper
we propose an algorithm for extracting both the real physical topology and the
network of traffic flows from timetables of public mass transportation systems.
We apply this algorithm to timetables of three large transportation networks.
This enables us to make a systematic comparison between three different
approaches to construct a graph representation of a transportation network; the
resulting graphs are fundamentally different. We also find that the real-life
traffic pattern is very heterogenous, both in space and traffic flow
intensities.


title: Resonant Diffusive Radiation in Random Multilayered Systems

abstract:
  We have theoretically shown that the yield of diffuse radiation generated by
relativistic electrons passing random multilayered systems can be increased
when a resonant condition is met. Resonant condition can be satisfied for the
wavelength region representing visible light as well as soft X-rays. The
intensity of diffusive soft X-rays for specific multilayered systems consisting
of two components is compared with the intensity of Cherenkov radiation. For
radiation at photon energy of $99.4eV$, the intensity of Resonant Diffusive
Radiation (RDR) generated by $5MeV$ electrons passing a $Be/Si$ multilayer
exceeds the intensity of Cherenkov radiation by a factor of $\approx 60$ for
electrons with the same energy passing a $Si$ foil. For a photon energy of
$453eV$ and $13MeV$ electrons passing $Be/Ti$ multilayer generate RDR exceeding
Cherenkov radiation generated by electrons passing a $Ti$ foils by a factor
$\approx 130$.


title: Correspondence principle and evolution of physics

abstract:
  Based on the Bohr's correspondence principle it is shown that relativistic
mechanics and quantum mechanics may be considered as generalizations of
classical mechanics. A comparative description of relativistic and classical
mechanics is given using three main principles: the definition of momentum, the
main law of dynamics (Newton's second law) and the law of conservation of
energy. The difference of relativistic mechanics from classical mechanics is
due to the new definition of momentum that is proportional to energy and
velocity. It is shown that new relativistic laws of dynamics make it necessary
to change kinematical relations of classical mechanics such as the law of
velocity composition, coordinate transformation etc. It is demonstrated that
quantum mechanics may be considered as a rational statistical generalization of
classical mechanics. Statistical conformities in quantum mechanics are
fundamental and are not due to the incomplete information about the system.
  From all possible multi-parametric statistical models the root model is most
remarkable. Constructing of a root multi-parametric statistical model leads to
obtaining such frequencies and base functions in Fourier decomposition so that
classical laws of motion are fulfilled in average. Root model leads to a
consistent condition that connects eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a mechanical
system that is described by a matrix equation of Heisenberg. Matrix equation of
Heisenberg leads to an operator equation. The solution of the operator equation
may be considered as the construction of Hamiltonian of the system and a move
to the Schrodinger representation. The considered approach naturally leads to
the notion of momentum operator, fundamental commutation relations, density
matrix and Liouville equation construction etc.


title:
Dispersion properties of non-radiating configurations: Finite-Difference
  Time-Domain modeling

abstract:
  A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical analysis is used to
demonstrate that a toroidal solenoid, coaxial with an electric dipole, is a
remarkable non-radiating configuration. It can be used to measure the
dielectric permittivity of any ambient matter. It becomes a directional
radiator at an interface between two dielectric media, depositing energy in the
material with the highest polarizability.


title: Nonradiating toroidal structures

abstract:
  Some basic properties of nonradiating systems are considered. A simple
connection is established between the existence of residual electromagnetic
potentials and the current density spectrum of the system. The properties of
specific configurations based on toroidal and supertoroidal currents are
modeled with the finite-difference time-domain method. Possible applications
are discussed. A design of a new type of nonradiating system, based on a
left-handed metamaterial is proposed and the system performance is modeled
numerically.


title: Isotopic separation during plasma expansion

abstract:
  A plasma based isotopic separation method is proposed. Isotopes of different
masses get separated during plasma expansion. Relying on Gurevichs
(A.V.Gurevich, L.V.Pariiskaya and L.P.Pitaevskii, Sov.Phys.JETP, 36,274 (1973))
plasma expansion into a vacuum model, the enrichment factor has been
calculated. For t =15 (t being the normalized time), an increase of the
relative abundance of 30% is expected.


title: Neutrino Factory R&D

abstract:
  Elegant experiments are being carried out, or are in preparation, to improve
the precision with which the solar and atmospheric neutrino-oscillation
parameters are known, and to attempt to make a first measurement of the small
mixing angle $\theta_{13}$. The compelling case for the development of an
accelerator-based neutrino source to serve the programme of precision
measurements of neutrino oscillations and sensitive searches for leptonic-CP
violation that is required to follow these experiments is briefly reviewed. The
Neutrino Factory, an intense high-energy neutrino source based on a stored muon
beam, is widely believed to yield a precision and sensitivity superior to other
proposed second-generation facilities. The alternatives are identified and the
case for a critical comparison of the performance of the various options is
presented. Highlights of the exciting international R&D programmes which are
designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the required techniques are then
reviewed. The steps that the international community is taking to produce, by
the end of the decade, a full conceptual design for the facility are described.
The ambition of the Neutrino Factory community is to demonstrate the
feasibility of a cost-effective design such that, should forthcoming
measurements show that it is required, the facility could be brought into
operation in the second half of the next decade.


title: Stability of Ca-montmorillonite hydrates: A computer simulation study

abstract:
  Classic simulations are used to study interlayer structure, swelling curves,
and stability of Ca-montmorillonite hydrates. For this purpose, NPzzT$ and
MuPzzT ensembles are sampled for ground level and given burial conditions. For
ground level conditions, a double layer hydrate having 15.0 A of basal spacing
is the predominant state for relative vapor pressures (p/po) ranging in
0.6-1.0. A triple hydrate counting on 17.9 A of interlaminar distance was also
found stable for p/po=1.0. For low vapor pressures, the system may produce a
less hydrated but still double layer state with 13.5 A or even a single layer
hydrate with 12.2 A of interlaminar distance. This depends on the established
initial conditions. On the other hand, the effect of burial conditions is two
sided. It was found that it enhances dehydration for all vapor pressures except
for saturation, where swelling is promoted.


title: Normal-fault stress and displacement through finite-element analysis

abstract:
  We compute displacement and stress due to a normal fault by means of
two-dimensional plane-strain finite-element analysis. To do so, we apply a
system of forces to the fault nodes and develop an iterative algorithm serving
to determine the force magnitudes for any slip distribution. As a sample case,
we compute the force magnitudes assuming uniform slip on a 10-km
two-dimensional normal fault. The numerical model generates displacement and
stress fields that compare well to the analytical solution. In fact, we find
little difference in displacements (<5%), displacement orientation (<15 DEG),
and stress components (<35%, half of which due to slip tolerance). We analyze
such misfit, and discuss how the error propagates from displacement to stress.
Our scheme provides a convenient way to use the finite-elements direct method
in a trial-and-error procedure to reproduce any smooth slip distribution.


title:
Comparison of classical and second quantized description of the dynamic
  Stark shift

abstract:
  We compare the derivation of the dynamic Stark shift of hydrogenic energy
levels in a classical framework with an adiabatically damped laser-atom
interaction, which is equivalent to the Gell-Mann-Low-Sucher formula, and a
treatment based on time-independent perturbation theory, with a
second-quantized laser-atom dipole interaction Hamiltonian. Our analysis
applies to a laser that excites a two-photon transition in atomic hydrogen or
in a hydrogenlike ion with low nuclear charge number. Our comparisons serve to
demonstrate why the dynamic Stark shift may be interpreted as a stimulated
radiative correction and illustrates connections between the two derivations.
The simplest of the derivations is the fully quantized approach. The classical
and the second-quantized treatment are shown to be equivalent in the limit of
large photon numbers.


title: Theory of 2$\delta$-kicked Quantum Rotors

abstract:
  We examine the quantum dynamics of cold atoms subjected to {\em pairs} of
closely spaced $\delta$-kicks from standing waves of light, and find behaviour
quite unlike the well-studied quantum kicked rotor (QKR). Recent experiments
[Jones et al, {\em Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 93}, 223002 (2004)}] identified a
regime of chaotic, anomalous classical diffusion. We show that the
corresponding quantum phase-space has a cellular structure, arising from a
unitary matrix with oscillating band-width. The corresponding eigenstates are
exponentially localized, but scale with a fractional power, $L \sim
\hbar^{-0.75}$, in contrast to the QKR for which $L \sim \hbar^{-1}$. The
effect of inter-cell (and intra-cell) transport is investigated by studying the
spectral fluctuations with both periodic as well as `open' boundary conditions.


title: Structural Properties of Planar Graphs of Urban Street Patterns

abstract:
  Recent theoretical and empirical studies have focused on the structural
properties of complex relational networks in social, biological and
technological systems. Here we study the basic properties of twenty
1-square-mile samples of street patterns of different world cities. Samples are
represented by spatial (planar) graphs, i.e. valued graphs defined by metric
rather than topologic distance and where street intersections are turned into
nodes and streets into edges. We study the distribution of nodes in the
2-dimensional plane. We then evaluate the local properties of the graphs by
measuring the meshedness coefficient and counting short cycles (of three, four
and five edges), and the global properties by measuring global efficiency and
cost. As normalization graphs, we consider both minimal spanning trees (MST)
and greedy triangulations (GT) induced by the same spatial distribution of
nodes. The results indicate that most of the cities have evolved into networks
as efficienct as GT, although their cost is closer to the one of a tree. An
analysis based on relative efficiency and cost is able to characterize
different classes of cities.


title: The Prediction of New Particles in Contemporary Physics

abstract:
  This paper proves that a particle with mass different of zero cannot be its
own antiparticle. Hence, particles such as pi-zero,eta-zero, and Z-zero must
have their correspondent antiparticles.


title: Acoustic horizons for axially and spherically symmetric fluid flow

abstract:
  We investigate the formation of acoustic horizons for an inviscid fluid
moving in a pipe in the case of stationary and axi-symmetric flow. We show
that, differently from what is generally believed, the acoustic horizon forms
in correspondence of either a local minimum or maximum of the flux tube
cross-section. Similarly, the external potential is required to have either a
maximum or a minimum at the horizon, so that the external force has to vanish
there. Choosing a power-law equation of state for the fluid, $P\propto
\rho^{n}$, we solve the equations of the fluid dynamics and show that the two
possibilities are realized respectively for $n>-1$ and $n<-1$. These results
are extended also to the case of spherically symmetric flow.


title: Qualification Procedures of the CMS Pixel Barrel Modules

abstract:
  The CMS pixel barrel system will consist of three layers built of about 800
modules. One module contains 66560 readout channels and the full pixel barrel
system about 48 million channels. It is mandatory to test each channel for
functionality, noise level, trimming mechanism, and bump bonding quality.
Different methods to determine the bump bonding yield with electrical
measurements have been developed. Measurements of several operational
parameters are also included in the qualification procedure. Among them are
pixel noise, gains and pedestals. Test and qualification procedures of the
pixel barrel modules are described and some results are presented.


title: Detecting magnetically guided atoms with an optical cavity

abstract:
  We show that a low finesse cavity can be efficient for detecting neutral
atoms. The low finesse can be compensated for by decreasing the mode waist of
the cavity. We have used a near concentric resonator with a beam waist of
12$\mu$m and a finesse of only 1100 to detect magnetically guided Rb atoms with
a detection sensitivity of 0.1 atom in the mode volume. For future experiments
on single atom detection and cavity QED applications, it should be very
beneficial to use miniaturized optical resonator integrated on atom chips.


title: Microscopic features of moving traffic jams

abstract:
  Empirical and numerical microscopic features of moving traffic jams are
presented. Based on a single vehicle data analysis, it is found that within
wide moving jams, i.e., between the upstream and downstream jam fronts there is
a complex microscopic spatiotemporal structure. This jam structure consists of
alternations of regions in which traffic flow is interrupted and flow states of
low speeds associated with "moving blanks" within the jam. Empirical features
of the moving blanks are found. Based on microscopic models in the context of
three-phase traffic theory, physical reasons for moving blanks emergence within
wide moving jams are disclosed. Structure of moving jam fronts is studied based
in microscopic traffic simulations. Non-linear effects associated with moving
jam propagation are numerically investigated and compared with empirical
results.


title: The Flat Deuteron

abstract:
  The new model was applied to the femtometer toroidal structures found for the
deuteron. It was possible to relate the magnetic moment and the energy of the
particle to the torus geometric parameters. Excellent agreement between the
magnetic moment of the deuteron and the theory developed for a time consuming
intersecting 3D torus in a 2D space was found. It was possible to discriminate
between which structures present a magnetic moment and which one would produce
an anapole moment. This supports the concept that there are orientations of the
torus that make it lose its magnetic moment, which is the key to understanding
the EPR paradox. The mass energy of the particle changed with each structure,
but the mass density was constant, which is consistent with the tension exerted
on the space as the source of the particle's "mass" or more appropriately said
the particle's density.


title:
A precision test of the isotropy of the speed of light using rotating
  cryogenic optical cavities

abstract:
  A test of Lorentz invariance for electromagnetic waves was performed by
comparing the resonance frequencies of two stable optical resonators as a
function of orientation in space. The crystalline resonators were operated at
3.4 K in a cryostat employing a pulse-tube refrigerator. A new analysis yields
the Robertson-Mansouri-Sexl theory parameter combination
$\beta-\delta-1/2=(-0.6\pm 2.1\pm1.2)\cdot10^{-10}$ and one parameter of the
Standard Model Extension theory, $(\tilde{\kappa}_{e-})^{ZZ} =
(-2.9\pm2.2)\cdot 10^{-14}$.


title: An Interpretation of Milne Cosmology

abstract:
  The cosmological concordance model is consistent with all available
observational data, including the apparent distance and redshift relationship
for distant supernovae, but it is curious how the Milne cosmological model is
able to make predictions that are similar to this preferred General
Relativistic model. Milne's cosmological model is based solely on Special
Relativity and presumes a completely incompatible redshift mechanism; how then
can the predictions be even remotely close to observational data? The puzzle is
usually resolved by subsuming the Milne Cosmological model into General
Relativistic cosmology as the special case of an empty Universe. This
explanation may have to be reassessed with the finding that spacetime is
approximately flat because of inflation, whereupon the projection of
cosmological events onto the observer's Minkowski spacetime must always be
kinematically consistent with Special Relativity, although the specific
dynamics of the underlying General Relativistic model can give rise to virtual
forces in order to maintain consistency between the observation and model
frames.


title: Model of Low-pass Filtering of Local Field Potentials in Brain Tissue

abstract:
  Local field potentials (LFPs) are routinely measured experimentally in brain
tissue, and exhibit strong low-pass frequency filtering properties, with high
frequencies (such as action potentials) being visible only at very short
distances ($\approx$10~$\mu m$) from the recording electrode. Understanding
this filtering is crucial to relate LFP signals with neuronal activity, but not
much is known about the exact mechanisms underlying this low-pass filtering. In
this paper, we investigate a possible biophysical mechanism for the low-pass
filtering properties of LFPs. We investigate the propagation of electric fields
and its frequency dependence close to the current source, i.e. at length scales
in the order of average interneuronal distance. We take into account the
presence of a high density of cellular membranes around current sources, such
as glial cells. By considering them as passive cells, we show that under the
influence of the electric source field, they respond by polarisation, i.e.,
creation of an induced field. Because of the finite velocity of ionic charge
movement, this polarization will not be instantaneous. Consequently, the
induced electric field will be frequency-dependent, and much reduced for high
frequencies. Our model establishes that with respect to frequency attenuation
properties, this situation is analogous to an equivalent RC-circuit, or better
a system of coupled RC-circuits. We present a number of numerical simulations
of induced electric field for biologically realistic values of parameters, and
show this frequency filtering effect as well as the attenuation of
extracellular potentials with distance. We suggest that induced electric fields
in passive cells surrounding neurons is the physical origin of frequency
filtering properties of LFPs.


title: Optical spatial solitons in soft-matter: mode coupling theory approach

abstract:
  We predict that spatial self-trapping of light can occur in soft matter
encompassing a wide class of new materials such as colloids, foams, gels,
fractal aggregates etc. We develop a general nonlocal theory that allows to
relate the properties of the trapped state of Maxwell equations to the
measurable static structure factor of the specific material. We give numerical
evidence for stable trapping in fractal aggregates and suggest also the
possibility of soliton spectroscopy of soft-matter.


title:
Effects of bone- and air-tissue inhomogeneities on the dose
  distributions of the Leksell Gamma Knife$^{\circledR}$ calculated with
  PENELOPE

abstract:
  Monte Carlo simulation with PENELOPE (v.~2003) is applied to calculate
Leksell Gamma Knife$^{\circledR}$ dose distributions for heterogeneous
phantoms. The usual spherical water phantom is modified with a spherical bone
shell simulating the skull and an air-filled cube simulating the frontal or
maxillary sinuses. Different simulations of the 201 source configuration of the
Gamma Knife have been carried out with a simplified model of the geometry of
the source channel of the Gamma Knife recently tested for both single source
and multisource configurations. The dose distributions determined for
heterogeneous phantoms including the bone- and/or air-tissue interfaces show
non negligible differences with respect to those calculated for a homogeneous
one, mainly when the Gamma Knife isocenter approaches the separation surfaces.
Our findings confirm an important underdosage ($\sim$10%) nearby the air-tissue
interface, in accordance with previous results obtained with PENELOPE code with
a procedure different to ours. On the other hand, the presence of the spherical
shell simulating the skull produces a few percent underdosage at the isocenter
wherever it is situated.


title: Modeling a Slicer Mirror Using Zemax User-Defined Surface

abstract:
  A slicer mirror is a complex surface composed by many tilted and decentered
mirrors sub-surfaces. The major difficulty to model such a complex surface is
the large number of parameters used to define it. The Zemax's
multi-configuration mode is usually used to specify each parameters (tilts,
curvatures, decenters) for each mirror sub-surface which are then considered
independently. Otherwise making use of the User-Defined Surface (UDS-DLL) Zemax
capability, we are able to consider the set of sub-surfaces as a whole surface.
In this paper, we present such a UDS-DLL tool comparing its performance with
those of the classical multi-configuration mode. In particular, we explore the
use of UDS-DLL to investigate the cross-talk due to the diffraction on the
slicer array mirrors which has been a burden task when using
multi-configuration mode.


title:
A finite element method for modelling electromechanical wave propagation
  in anisotropic piezoelectric media

abstract:
  We describe and evaluate a numerical solution strategy for simulating surface
acoustic waves through semiconductor devices with complex geometries. This
multi-physics problem is of particular relevance to the design of quantum
electronic devices. The mathematical model consists of two coupled partial
differential equations for the elastic wave propagation and the electric field,
respectively, in anisotropic piezoelectric media. These equations are
discretized by the finite element method in space and by a finite difference
method in time. The latter method yields a convenient numerical decoupling of
the governing equations. We describe how a computer implementation can utilize
the decoupling and via object-oriented programming techniques reuse independent
codes for the Poisson equation and the linear time-dependent elasticity
equation. First we apply the simulator to a simplified model problem for
verifying the implementation, and thereafter we show that the methodology is
capable of simulating a real-world case from nanotechnology, involving surface
acoustic waves in a geometrically non-trivial device made of Gallium Arsenide.


title: Numerical differentiation: local versus global methods

abstract:
  In the context of the analysis of measured data, one is often faced with the
task to differentiate data numerically. Typically, this occurs when measured
data are concerned or data are evaluated numerically during the evolution of
partial or ordinary differential equations. Usually, one does not take care for
accuracy of the resulting estimates of derivatives because modern computers are
assumed to be accurate to many digits. But measurements yield intrinsic errors,
which are often much less accurate than the limit of the machine used, and
there exists the effect of ``loss of significance'', well known in numerical
mathematics and computational physics. The problem occurs primarily in
numerical subtraction, and clearly, the estimation of derivatives involves the
approximation of differences. In this article, we discuss several techniques
for the estimation of derivatives. As a novel aspect, we divide into local and
global methods, and explain the respective shortcomings. We have developed a
general scheme for global methods, and illustrate our ideas by spline smoothing
and spectral smoothing. The results from these less known techniques are
confronted with the ones from local methods. As typical for the latter, we
chose Savitzky-Golay filtering and finite differences. Two basic quantities are
used for characterization of results: The variance of the difference of the
true derivative and its estimate, and as important new characteristic, the
smoothness of the estimate. We apply the different techniques to numerically
produced data and demonstrate the application to data from an aeroacoustic
experiment. As a result, we find that global methods are generally preferable
if a smooth process is considered. For rough estimates local methods work
acceptably well.


title:
Analytic, Group-Theoretic Wave Functions for Confined N-Body Quantum
  Systems

abstract:
  Systems involving N-identical interacting particles under quantum confinement
appear in many areas of physics, including chemical, condensed matter, and
atomic physics. We discuss a beyondmean- field perturbation method that is
applicable to weakly, intermediate and strongly-interacting systems. Group
theory is used to derive an analytic beyond-mean-field correlated wave function
at zeroth order for a system under spherical confinement. We derive the
corresponding zeroth-order analytic density profile and apply it to the example
of a Bose-Einstein condensate.


title: Illustrating the Michelson-Morley experiment

abstract:
  Considering that the rays in the Michelson-Morley interferometer perform the
radar detection of its mirrors, we use a relativistic diagram that displays, at
a convenient scale, their location and the path of the rays. This approach
convinces us that the rays that come from the two arms interfere with zero
phase difference without using the usual ingredient, length contraction.


title: Choice of the best geometry to explain physics

abstract:
  Choosing the appropriate geometry in which to express the equations of
fundamental physics can have a determinant effect on the simplicity of those
equations and on the way they are perceived. The point of departure in this
paper is the geometry of 5-dimensional spacetime, where monogenic functions are
studied. Monogenic functions verify a very simple first order differential
equation and the paper demonstrates how they generate the line interval of
special relativity, as well as the Dirac equation of quantum mechanics.
Monogenic functions act as a unifying principle between those two areas of
physics, which is in itself very significant for the perception one has of
them. Another consequence is the possibility of studying the same phenomena in
Euclidean 4-dimensional space, providing a different point of view to physics,
from which one has an unusual and enriching perspective.


title: A RELM earthquake forecast based on pattern informatics

abstract:
  We present a RELM forecast of future earthquakes in California that is
primarily based on the pattern informatics (PI) method. This method identifies
regions that have systematic fluctuations in seismicity, and it has been
demonstrated to be successful. A PI forecast map originally published on 19
February 2002 for southern California successfully forecast the locations of
sixteen of eighteen M>5 earthquakes during the past three years. The method has
also been successfully applied to Japan and on a worldwide basis. An
alternative approach to earthquake forecasting is the relative intensity (RI)
method. The RI forecast map is based on recent levels of seismic activity of
small earthquakes. Recent advances in the PI method show considerable
improvement, particularly when compared with the RI method using relative
operating characteristic (ROC) diagrams for binary forecasts. The RELM
application requires a probability for each location for a number of magnitude
bins over a five year period. We have therefore constructed a hybrid forecast
in which we combine the PI method with the RI method to compute a map of
probabilities for events occurring at any location, rather than just the most
probable locations. These probabilities are further converted, using
Gutenberg-Richter scaling laws, to anticipated rates of future earthquakes that
can be evaluated using the RELM test.


title:
CALICE Si/W electromagnetic calorimeter prototype, first testbeam
  results

abstract:
  A highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter prototype based on tungsten
absorber and sampling units equipped with silicon pads as sensitive devices for
signal collection is under construction. The full prototype will have in total
30 layers and be read out by about 10000 Si cells of 1 cm^2. A first module
consisting of 14 layers and depth of 7.2 radiation lengths at normal incidence,
having in total 3024 channels of 1 cm^2, was tested recently with electron
beam. We describe the prototype and discuss some preliminary testbeam results.


title: Perturbations in a plasma

abstract:
  The perturbations of a homogeneous non-relativistic two-component plasma are
studied in the Coulomb gauge. Starting from the solution found [2] of the
equations of electromagnetic self consistency in a plasma [1], we add small
perturbations to all quantities involved, and we enter the perturbed quantities
in the equations, keeping only the first order terms in the perturbations.
Because the unperturbed quantities are solutions of the equations, they cancel
each other, and we are left with a set of 12 linear equations for the 12
perturbations (unknown quantities). Then we solve this set of linearized
equations, in the approximation of small ratio of the masses of electrons over
those of ions, and under the assumption that the plasma remains homogeneous.


title:
Pulse-duration dependence of high-order harmonic generation with
  coherent superposition state

abstract:
  We make a systematic study of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a
He$^+$-like model ion when the initial states are prepared as a coherent
superposition of the ground state and an excited state. It is found that,
according to the degree of the ionization of the excited state, the laser
intensity can be divided into three regimes in which HHG spectra exhibit
different characteristics. The pulse-duration dependence of the HHG spectra in
these regimes is studied. We also demonstrate evident advantages of using
coherent superposition state to obtain high conversion efficiency. The
conversion efficiency can be increased further if ultrashort laser pulses are
employed.


title:
Probing liquid surface waves, liquid properties and liquid films with
  light diffraction

abstract:
  Surface waves on liquids act as a dynamical phase grating for incident light.
In this article, we revisit the classical method of probing such waves
(wavelengths of the order of mm) as well as inherent properties of liquids and
liquid films on liquids, using optical diffraction. A combination of simulation
and experiment is proposed to trace out the surface wave profiles in various
situations (\emph{eg.} for one or more vertical, slightly immersed,
electrically driven exciters). Subsequently, the surface tension and the
spatial damping coefficient (related to viscosity) of a variety of liquids are
measured carefully in order to gauge the efficiency of measuring liquid
properties using this optical probe. The final set of results deal with liquid
films where dispersion relations, surface and interface modes, interfacial
tension and related issues are investigated in some detail, both theoretically
and experimentally. On the whole, our observations and analyses seem to support
the claim that this simple, low--cost apparatus is capable of providing a
wealth of information on liquids and liquid surface waves in a non--destructive
way.


title:
Influence of muscle preactivation of the lower limb on impact dynamics
  in case of frontal collision

abstract:
  Accidentology or shock biomechanics are research domains mainly devoted to
the development of safety conditions for the users of various transport modes
in case of an accident. The objective of this study was to improve the
knowledge of the biomechanical behaviour of the lower limb facing sudden
dynamic loading during a frontal collision. We aimed at establishing the
relationship between the level of muscular activity prior to impact, called
'preactivation', of the lower limb extensors and the mechanical characteristics
of impact. Relationships were described between the level of preactivation, the
impact peak force values, the minimum force after unloading and the associated
loading and unloading rates. The existence of reflex mechanisms that were
affected by the level of voluntary muscular preactivation for the lower limb
muscles was demonstrated. In conclusion, the existence of specific mechanism
acting mainly at the knee level may result from the level of preactivation.
Muscle behavior has to be included in numerical models of the human driver to
better evaluate the overall stiffness of the body before and at impact.


title: Neutron shielding for particle astrophysics experiments

abstract:
  Particle astrophysics experiments often require large volume neutron shields
which are formed from hydrogenous material. This note reviews some of the
available materials in an attempt to find the most cost effective solution. Raw
polymer pellets and Water Extended Polyester (WEP) ae discussed in detail.
Suppliers for some materials are given.


title: Interaction of intense vuv radiation with large xenon clusters

abstract:
  The interaction of atomic clusters with short, intense pulses of laser light
to form extremely hot, dense plasmas has attracted extensive experimental and
theoretical interest. The high density of atoms within the cluster greatly
enhances the atom--laser interaction, while the finite size of the cluster
prevents energy from escaping the interaction region. Recent technological
advances have allowed experiments to probe the laser--cluster interaction at
very high photon energies, with interactions much stronger than suggested by
theories for lower photon energies. We present a model of the laser--cluster
interaction which uses non-perturbative R-matrix techniques to calculate
inverse bremsstrahlung and photoionization cross sections for Herman-Skillman
atomic potentials. We describe the evolution of the cluster under the influence
of the processes of inverse bremsstrahlung heating, photoionization,
collisional ionization and recombination, and expansion of the cluster. We
compare charge state distribution, charge state ejection energies, and total
energy absorbed with the Hamburg experiment of Wabnitz {\em et al.} [Nature
{\bf 420}, 482 (2002)] and ejected electron spectra with Laarmann {\em et al.}
[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 063402 (2005)].


title: On Math, Matter and Mind

abstract:
  We discuss the nature of reality in the ontological context of Penrose's
math-matter-mind triangle. The triangle suggests the circularity of the
widespread view that math arises from the mind, the mind arises out of matter,
and that matter can be explained in terms of math. Non-physicists should be
wary of any claim that modern physics leads us to any particular resolution of
this circularity, since even the sample of three theoretical physicists writing
this paper hold three divergent views. Some physicists believe that current
physics has already found the basic framework for a complete description of
reality, and only has to fill in the details. Others suspect that no single
framework, from physics or other sources, will ever capture reality. Yet others
guess that reality might be approached arbitrarily closely by some form of
future physics, but probably based on completely different frameworks. We will
designate these three approaches as the fundamentalist, secular and mystic
views of the world, as seen by practicing physicists. We present and contrast
each of these views, which arguably form broad categories capturing most if not
all interpretations of physics. We argue that this diversity in the physics
community is more useful than an ontological monoculture, since it motivates
physicists to tackle unsolved problems with a wide variety of approaches.


title:
Laser Ion Acceleration Scaling Laws Seen in Muti-Parametric PIC
  Simulations

abstract:
  The ion acceleration driven by a laser pulse at intensity $I = 10^{20} -
10^{22} $W/cm$^2\times(\mu$m$/\lambda)^2$ from a double layer target is
investigated with multi-parametric Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. For
targets with a wide range of thickness $l$ and density $n_e$, at given
intensity the highest ion energy gain occurs at certain {\it critical depth} of
the target $\sigma = n_e l$, which is proportional to the square root of
intensity. In the case of thin targets and optimal laser pulse duration, the
ion maximum energy scales as the square root of the laser pulse power. When the
radiation pressure of the laser field becomes dominant, the ion maximum energy
becomes proportional to the laser pulse energy.


title:
Study Influence of Doping on Temperature Dependence of Diffusion Rate in
  Organic Molecular Crystals

abstract:
  It is experimentally shown, that doping an organic molecular crystal reduces
diffusion rate of impurity. Also reduces its influence on a modification of
temperature. Examinations are lead on a crystal paradibromobenzene doping by
paradiclorobenzene. Diffusing impurity was parabromochlorobenzene.


title: Viscosity of high crystal content melts: dependence on solid fraction

abstract:
  The rheological properties of suspensions containing high solid fractions are
investigated. Attention is focused on viscosity of silicate and magmatic melt
systems. A general empirical equation which describes the relative viscosity of
suspensions as a function of suspended solid fraction is proposed. In the limit
of very dilute solid concentrations it reduces to the Einstein equation. The
proposed relationship is satisfactorily applied to reproduce available
experimental data relative to silicate melts. Moreover, the extrapolation of
the model to very high concentrations is compared with experimental
observations on partially-melted granite.


title:
Non-contact atomic force microscopy: Stability criterion and dynamical
  responses of the shift of frequency and damping signal

abstract:
  The aim of this article is to provide a complete analysis of the behavior of
a noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM). We start with a review of the
equations of motion of a tip interacting with a surface in which the stability
conditions are first revisited for tapping mode. Adding the equations of
automatic gain control (AGC), which insures constant amplitude of the
oscillations in the NC-AFM, to the equations of motion of the tip, a new
analytical stability criterion that involves proportional and integral gains of
AGC is deduced. Stationary solutions for the shift of frequency and for the
damping signal are obtained. Special attention is paid to the damping signal in
order to clarify its physical origin. The theoretical results are then compared
to those given by a virtual machine. The virtual machine is a set of equations
solved numerically without any approximation. The virtual machine is of great
help in understanding the dynamical behavior of the NC-AFM as images are
recorded. Transient responses of the shift in frequency and of the damping
signal are discussed in relation to the values of proportional and integral
gains of AGC.


title: Proposed precision laser spectrometer for trapped, highly charged ions

abstract:
  We propose a novel type of precision laser spectrometer for trapped, highly
charged ions nearly at rest. It consists of a cylindrical open-endcap Penning
trap in which an externally produced bunch of highly charged ions can be
confined and investigated by means of laser spectroscopy. The combination of
confinement, cooling and compression of a dense ion cloud will allow the ground
state hyperfine splitting in highly charged ions to be measured with an
accuracy three orders of magnitude better than in any previous experiment. A
systematic study of different charge states and different isotopes of the same
element allows for highly sensitive tests of bound-state QED and for a
precision determination of nuclear properties. Apart from stable isotopes, also
radioactive species with half-lives longer than about one hour can be
investigated.


title: Layered Complex Networks

abstract:
  Many complex networks are only a part of larger systems, where a number of
coexisting topologies interact and depend on each other. We introduce a layered
model to facilitate the description and analysis of such systems. As an example
of its application we study the load distribution in three real-life
transportation systems, where the lower layer is the physical infrastructure
and the upper layer represents the traffic flows. This layered view allows us
to capture the fundamental differences between the real load and commonly used
load estimators, which explains why these estimators fail to approximate the
real load.


title:
Consistent thermodynamic derivative estimates for tabular equations of
  state

abstract:
  Numerical simulations of compressible fluid flows require an equation of
state (EOS) to relate the thermodynamic variables of density, internal energy,
temperature, and pressure. A valid EOS must satisfy the thermodynamic
conditions of consistency (derivation from a free energy) and stability
(positive sound speed squared). When phase transitions are significant, the EOS
is complicated and can only be specified in a table. For tabular EOS's such as
SESAME from Los Alamos National Laboratory, the consistency and stability
conditions take the form of a differential equation relating the derivatives of
pressure and energy as functions of temperature and density, along with
positivity constraints. Typical software interfaces to such tables based on
polynomial or rational interpolants compute derivatives of pressure and energy
and may enforce the stability conditions, but do not enforce the consistency
condition and its derivatives. We describe a new type of table interface based
on a constrained local least squares regression technique. It is applied to
several SESAME EOS's showing how the consistency condition can be satisfied to
round-off while computing first and second derivatives with demonstrated
second-order convergence. An improvement of 14 orders of magnitude over
conventional derivatives is demonstrated, although the new method is apparently
two orders of magnitude slower, due to the fact that every evaluation requires
solving an 11-dimensional nonlinear system.


title:
Hydrosomes: Optically trapped femtoliter containers for single molecule
  studies and microfluidics

abstract:
  We demonstrate a novel technique for creating, manipulating, and combining
femtoliter volume chemical containers. Possible uses include creating
controlled chemical reactions involving small quantities of reagent, and
studying the dynamics of single molecules within the containers by fluorescence
imaging techniques. The containers, which we call hydrosomes, are surfactant
stabilized aqueous droplets in a low index-of-refraction fluorocarbon medium.
The index of refraction mismatch between the container and fluorocarbon is such
that individual hydrosomes can be optically trapped by single focus laser
beams, i.e. optical tweezers. Here we trap and manipulate individual
hydrosomes. We demonstrate a controlled chemical reaction by the fusion of a
hydrosome containing DNA segments approximately 1000 base pairs in length with
a hydrosome containing YOYO-1, a DNA intercalating dye. We furthermore detect
the fluorescence from single dye molecules in a hydrosome, and observe single
pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) from Cy3-Cy5 molecules
attached to a single-stranded 16mer DNA molecule.


title:
Measurement of the sensitivity function in time-domain atomic
  interferometer

abstract:
  We present here an analysis of the sensitivity of a time-domain atomic
interferometer to the phase noise of the lasers used to manipulate the atomic
wave-packets. The sensitivity function is calculated in the case of a three
pulse Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is the configuration of the two
inertial sensors we are building at BNM-SYRTE. We successfully compare this
calculation to experimental measurements. The sensitivity of the interferometer
is limited by the phase noise of the lasers, as well as by residual vibrations.
We evaluate the performance that could be obtained with state of the art quartz
oscillators, as well as the impact of the residual phase noise of the
phase-lock loop. Requirements on the level of vibrations is derived from the
same formalism.


title: Scale Invariance in Road Networks

abstract:
  We study the topological and geographic structure of the national road
networks of the United States, England and Denmark. By transforming these
networks into their dual representation, where roads are vertices and an edge
connects two vertices if the corresponding roads ever intersect, we show that
they exhibit both topological and geographic scale invariance. That is, we show
that for sufficiently large geographic areas, the dual degree distribution
follows a power law with exponent 2.2 < alpha < 2.4, and that journeys,
regardless of their length, have a largely identical structure. To explain
these properties, we introduce and analyze a simple fractal model of road
placement that reproduces the observed structure, and suggests a testable
connection between the scaling exponent alpha and the fractal dimensions
governing the placement of roads and intersections.


title: The Ultimate Fundamental Limits of Nonlinear-Optical Phenomena

abstract:
  Using sum rules and a new dipole-free sum-over-states expression, we
calculate the fundamental limits of the dispersion of the real and imaginary
parts of all electronic nonlinear-optical susceptibilities. As such, these
general results can be used to study any nonlinear optical phenomena at any
wavelength, making it possible to push both applications and our understanding
of such processes to the limits. These results reveal the ultimate constraints
imposed by nature on our ability to control and use light.


title:
Cross phase modulation in a five--level atomic medium: Semiclassical
  theory

abstract:
  The interaction of a five-level atomic system involving electromagnetically
induced transparency with four light fields is investigated. Two different
light-atom configurations are considered, and their efficiency in generating
large nonlinear cross-phase shifts compared. The dispersive properties of those
schemes are analyzed in detail, and the conditions leading to group velocity
matching for two of the light fields identified. An analytical treatment based
on amplitude equations is used in order to obtain approximate solutions for the
susceptibilities, ehich are shown to fit well with the numerical simulations of
the full Bloch equations in a large parameter region.


title: Comments on "Microscale flow visualization"

abstract:
  We make comments on the presentation of Sinton's paper (Microfluidics and
Nanofluidics {\bf 1}: 2, 2004) about the microscale flow visualization since
the effects of the roughness along the microfabricated wall upon the current
macroflow visualization methods could be significant and cannot be neglected in
microdomain and even nanodomain.


title: Quantum state measurement using coherent transients

abstract:
  We present the principle and experimental demonstration of Time Resolved
Quantum State Holography. The quantum state of an excited state interacting
with an ultrashort chirped laser pulse is measured during this interaction.
This has been obtained by manipulating coherent transients created by the
interaction of femtosecond shaped pulses and rubidium atoms.


title:
Statistical modelling of tropical cyclone genesis: a non-parametric
  model for the annual distribution

abstract:
  As part of a project to develop more accurate estimates of the risks due to
tropical cyclones, we describe a non-parametric method for the statistical
simulation of the location of tropical cyclone genesis. The method avoids the
use of arbitrary grid boxes, and the spatial smoothing of the historical data
is constructed optimally according to a clearly defined merit function.


title: On Virtual Displacement and Virtual Work in Lagrangian Dynamics

abstract:
  The confusion and ambiguity encountered by students, in understanding virtual
displacement and virtual work, is discussed in this article. A definition of
virtual displacement is presented that allows one to express them explicitly
for holonomic (velocity independent), non-holonomic (velocity dependent),
scleronomous (time independent) and rheonomous (time dependent) constraints. It
is observed that for holonomic, scleronomous constraints, the virtual
displacements are the displacements allowed by the constraints. However, this
is not so for a general class of constraints. For simple physical systems, it
is shown that, the work done by the constraint forces on virtual displacements
is zero. This motivates Lagrange's extension of d'Alembert's principle to
system of particles in constrained motion. However a similar zero work
principle does not hold for the allowed displacements. It is also demonstrated
that d'Alembert's principle of zero virtual work is necessary for the
solvability of a constrained mechanical problem. We identify this special class
of constraints, physically realized and solvable, as {\it the ideal
constraints}. The concept of virtual displacement and the principle of zero
virtual work by constraint forces are central to both Lagrange's method of
undetermined multipliers, and Lagrange's equations in generalized coordinates.


title: Effect of Dust Grain Sputtering on Self-Gravitational Dusty Plasmas

abstract:
  It is shown that the grain mass fluctuation, which is due to the grain
sputtering by the attracted ions, may be at the root of a new instability in
infinite, unmagnetized and homogeneous dusty plasmas. The growth rate is
determined in the framework of two plasma models, viz., a cold and electron
depleted plasma, and a plasma where electrons and ions are taken Boltzmannian.
This instability may affect the Jeans as well as the agglomeration
instabilities.


title:
An accurate formula for the period of a simple pendulum oscillating
  beyond the small-angle regime

abstract:
  A simple approximation formula is derived here for the dependence of the
period of a simple pendulum on amplitude that only requires a pocket calculator
and furnishes an error of less than 0.25% with respect to the exact period. It
is shown that this formula describes the increase of the pendulum period with
amplitude better than other simple formulas found in literature. A good
agreement with experimental data for a low air-resistance pendulum is also
verified and it suggests, together with the current availability/precision of
timers and detectors, that the proposed formula is useful for extending the
pendulum experiment beyond the usual small-angle oscillations.


title: Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Rotation with Amplitude-Modulated Light: AMOR

abstract:
  A new technique of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude
modulated light is developed. The technique is an alternative to its
counterpart with frequency modulated light and can be applied to sensitive
measurements of magnetic fields ranging from microgauss to the Earth-field
level. The rotation signals exhibit nontrivial features like narrowed
non-Lorentzian lineshapes and multi-component resonances.


title: Simplifications of the Tensors in Quantum Scattering, Part I

abstract:
  In this comment it is pointed out that the perturbative dynamics of general
massive field theories can be mapped to delimited sums of determined integral
functions. The limits on the sums are the remaining obstacle to finding the
general $g$-loop, or derivative expanded, form of the scattering.


title:
A Map of the Nanoworld: Sizing up the Science, Politics, and Business of
  the Infinitesimal

abstract:
  Mapping out the eight main nodes of nanotechnology discourse that have
emerged in the past decade, we explore how various scientific, social, and
ethical islands of discussion have developed, been recognized, and are being
continually renegotiated. We do so by (1) identifying the ways in which
scientists, policy makers, entrepreneurs, educators, and environmental groups
have drawn boundaries on issues relating to nanotechnology; (2) describing
concisely the perspectives from which these boundaries are drawn; and (3)
exploring how boundaries on nanotechnology are marked and negotiated by various
nodes of nanotechnology discourse.


title: Quantitative scattering of melanin solutions

abstract:
  The optical scattering coefficient of a dilute, well solubilised eumelanin
solution has been accurately measured as a function of incident wavelength, and
found to contribute less than 6% of the total optical attenuation between 210
and 325nm. At longer wavelengths (325nm to 800nm) the scattering was less than
the minimum sensitivity of our instrument. This indicates that UV and visible
optical density spectra can be interpreted as true absorption with a high
degree of confidence. The scattering coefficient vs wavelength was found to be
consistent with Rayleigh Theory for a particle radius of 38+-1nm.


title: Seasonal Change of the Ozone Layer State over Yakutia

abstract:
  The ozone layer state in the stratosphere over Yakutia depending on the year
time is considered. It is shown that the layer thickness is maximum in
February-March (450 Dobson's units) and it is minimum in July-September (300 -
350 DU). Measurements indicate that the ozone layer thickness was significantly
decreased in the 1990's. A problem of change of ozone layer state is discussed.


title:
Conical emission, pulse splitting and X-wave parametric amplification in
  nonlinear dynamics of ultrashort light pulses

abstract:
  The precise observation of the angle-frequency spectrum of light filaments in
water reveals a scenario incompatible with current models of conical emission
(CE). Its description in terms of linear X-wave modes leads us to understand
filamentation dynamics requiring a phase- and group-matched, Kerr-driven
four-wave-mixing process that involves two highly localized pumps and two
X-waves. CE and temporal splitting arise naturally as two manifestations of
this process.


title: Similarity of fluctuations in correlated systems: The case of seismicity

abstract:
  We report a similarity of fluctuations in equilibrium critical phenomena and
non-equilibrium systems, which is based on the concept of natural time. The
world-wide seismicity as well as that of San Andreas fault system and Japan are
analyzed. An order parameter is chosen and its fluctuations relative to the
standard deviation of the distribution are studied. We find that the scaled
distributions fall on the same curve, which interestingly exhibits, over four
orders of magnitude, features similar to those in several equilibrium critical
phenomena (e.g., 2D Ising model) as well as in non-equilibrium systems (e.g.,
3D turbulent flow).


title:
Finite-element simulation of cavity modes in a micro-fluidic dye ring
  laser

abstract:
  We consider a recently reported micro-fluidic dye ring laser and study the
full wave nature of TE modes in the cavity by means of finite-element
simulations. The resonance wave-patterns of the cavity modes support a
ray-tracing view and we are also able to explain the spectrum in terms of
standing waves with a mode spacing dk = 2pi/L_eff where L_eff is the effective
optical path length in the cavity.


title:
Entropy of seismic electric signals: Analysis in natural time under
  time-reversal

abstract:
  Electric signals have been recently recorded at the Earth's surface with
amplitudes appreciably larger than those hitherto reported. Their entropy in
natural time is smaller than that, $S_u$, of a ``uniform'' distribution. The
same holds for their entropy upon time-reversal. This behavior, as supported by
numerical simulations in fBm time series and in an on-off intermittency model,
stems from infinitely ranged long range temporal correlations and hence these
signals are probably Seismic Electric Signals (critical dynamics). The entropy
fluctuations are found to increase upon approaching bursting, which reminds the
behavior identifying sudden cardiac death individuals when analysing their
electrocardiograms.


title: Comment on Barabasi, Nature 435, 207 (2005)

abstract:
  In a recent letter, Barabasi claims that the dynamics of a number of human
activities are scale-free [1]. He specifically reports that the probability
distribution of time intervals tau between consecutive e-mails sent by a single
user and time delays for e-mail replies follow a power-law with an exponent -1,
and proposes a priority-queuing process as an explanation of the bursty nature
of human activity. Here, we quantitatively demonstrate that the reported
power-law distributions are solely an artifact of the analysis of the empirical
data and that the proposed model is not representative of e-mail communication
patterns.


title:
Efficient computation of the first passage time distribution of the
  generalized master equation by steady-state relaxation

abstract:
  The generalized master equation or the equivalent continuous time random walk
equations can be used to compute the macroscopic first passage time
distribution (FPTD) of a complex stochastic system from short-term microscopic
simulation data. The computation of the mean first passage time and additional
low-order FPTD moments can be simplified by directly relating the FPTD moment
generating function to the moments of the local FPTD matrix. This relationship
can be physically interpreted in terms of steady-state relaxation, an extension
of steady-state flow. Moreover, it is amenable to a statistical error analysis
that can be used to significantly increase computational efficiency. The
efficiency improvement can be extended to the FPTD itself by modelling it using
a Gamma distribution or rational function approximation to its Laplace
transform.


title:
Dynamical Fractal 3-Space and the Generalised Schrodinger Equation:
  Equivalence Principle and Vorticity Effects

abstract:
  The new dynamical `quantum foam' theory of 3-space is described at the
classical level by a velocity field. This has been repeatedly detected and for
which the dynamical equations are now established. These equations predict
3-space `gravitational wave' effects, and these have been observed, and the
1991 DeWitte data is analysed to reveal the fractal structure of these
`gravitational waves'. This velocity field describes the differential motion of
3-space, and the various equations of physics must be generalised to
incorporate this 3-space dynamics. Here a new generalised Schrodinger equation
is given and analysed. It is shown that from this equation the equivalence
principle may be derived as a quantum effect, and that as well this generalised
Schr\"{o}dinger equation determines the effects of vorticity of the 3-space
flow, or `frame-dragging', on matter, and which is being studied by the Gravity
Probe B (GP-B) satellite gyroscope experiment.


title: Relativity from absoluteness

abstract:
  The shortening of bodies in the direction of motion, Lorentz contraction,
follows from the solution of Maxwell's equations. Moving light clocks will tick
slower than those at rest because the speed of light does not depend on a
source of the light. The latter and Lorentz contraction imply the relativistic
time dilation. The invariance of the light speed defined as the round-trip
value follows from the time dilation and Lorentz contraction. An observer is
incognizant about his motion relative to the absolute frame of reference. So,
in order to synchronize spaced clocks in a moving reference frame he uses the
same procedure as in the absolute frame. We deduce the Lorentz transformation
from the Lorentz contraction, time dilation, invariance of the light speed and
synchronization procedure. Lorentz transformations constitute a symmetry group
of Maxwell's equations. That is the reason why the absolute frame can not be
distinguished among other inertial reference frames.


title:
Structural Transition of Actin Filament in a Cell-Sized Water Droplet
  with a Phospholipid Membrane

abstract:
  Actin filament, F-actin, is a semiflexible polymer with a negative charge,
and is one of the main constituents on cell membranes. To clarify the effect of
cross-talk between a phospholipid membrane and actin filaments in cells, we
conducted microscopic observations on the structural changes in actin filaments
in a cell-sized (several tens of micrometers in diameter) water droplet coated
with a phospholipid membrane such as phosphatidylserine (PS; negatively-charged
head group) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; neutral head group) as a simple
model of a living cell membrane. With PS, actin filaments are distributed
uniformly in the water phase without adsorption onto the membrane surface
between 2 and 6 mM Mg2+, while between 6 and 12 mM Mg2+, actin filaments are
adsorbed onto the inner membrane surface. With PE, actin filaments are
uniformly adsorbed onto the inner membrane surface between 2 and 12 mM Mg2+.
With both PS and PE membranes, at Mg2+ concentrations higher than 12 mM, thick
bundles are formed in the bulk water droplet accompanied by the dissolution of
actin filaments from the membrane surface. The attraction between actin
filaments and membrane is attributable to an increase in the translational
entropy of counterions accompanied by the adsorption of actin filaments onto
the membrane surface. These results suggest that a microscopic water droplet
coated with phospholipid can serve as an easy-to-handle model of cell
membranes.


title:
Studies of the performance of different front-end systems for flat-panel
  multi-anode PMTs with CsI(Tl) scintillator arrays

abstract:
  We have studied the performance of two different types of front-end systems
for our gamma camera based on Hamamatsu H8500 (flat-panel 64 channels
multi-anode PSPMT) with a CsI(Tl) scintillator array. The array consists of 64
pixels of $6\times6\times20{\rm mm}^3$ which corresponds to the anode pixels of
H8500. One of the system is based on commercial ASIC chips in order to readout
every anode. The others are based on resistive charge divider network between
anodes to reduce readout channels. In both systems, each pixel (6mm) was
clearly resolved by flood field irradiation of $^{137}$Cs. We also investigated
the energy resolution of these systems and showed the performance of the
cascade connection of resistive network between some PMTs for large area
detectors.


title: Topological dragging of solitons

abstract:
  We put forward properties of solitons supported by optical lattices featuring
topological dislocations, and show that solitons experience attractive and
repulsive forces around the dislocations. Suitable arrangements of dislocations
are even found to form soliton traps, and the properties of such solitons are
shown to crucially depend on the trap topology. The uncovered phenomenon opens
a new concept for soliton control and manipulation, e.g., in disk-shaped
Bose-Einstein condensates.


title: Magnetic-dipole transition probabilities in B-like and Be-like ions

abstract:
  The magnetic-dipole transition probabilities between the fine-structure
levels (1s^2 2s^2 2p) ^2P_1/2 - ^2P_3/2 for B-like ions and (1s^2 2s 2p) ^3P_1
- ^3P_2 for Be-like ions are calculated. The configuration-interaction method
in the Dirac-Fock-Sturm basis is employed for the evaluation of the
interelectronic-interaction correction with negative-continuum spectrum being
taken into account. The 1/Z interelectronic-interaction contribution is derived
within a rigorous QED approach employing the two-time Green function method.
The one-electron QED correction is evaluated within framework of the anomalous
magnetic-moment approximation. A comparison with the theoretical results of
other authors and with available experimental data is presented.


title:
Wavefront sensor based on varying transmission filters: theory and
  expected performance

abstract:
  The use of Wavefront Sensors (WFS) is nowadays fundamental in the field of
instrumental optics. This paper discusses the principle of an original and
recently proposed new class of WFS. Their principle consists in evaluating the
slopes of the wavefront errors by means of varying density filters placed into
the image plane of the tested optical system. The device, sometimes called
'optical differentiation WFS' is completed by a digital data-processing system
reconstructing the wavefront from the obtained slopes. Various luminous sources
of different wavelengths and spectral widths can be employed. The capacities of
the method are discussed from the geometrical and Fourier optics points of
view, then by means of numerical simulations showing that the ultimate accuracy
can be well below lambda/10 and lambda/100 Peak-to-Valley (PTV) and RMS
respectively, provided that certain precautions are taken.


title:
Air-guiding photonic bandgap fiber with improved triangular air-silica
  photonic crystal cladding

abstract:
  We introduce a small-core air-guiding photonic crystal fiber whose cladding
is made of improved air-silica photonic crystal with non-circular air holes
placed in triangular lattice. The fiber achieves un-disturbed bandgap guidance
over 350nm wavelength range.


title: An analysis of stellar interferometers as wavefront sensors

abstract:
  This paper presents the basic principle and theoretical relationships of an
original method allowing to retrieve the Wavefront Errors (WFE) of a ground or
space-borne telescope when combining its main pupil with a second, decentered
reference optical arm. The measurement accuracy of such a
"telescope-interferometer" is then estimated by means of various numerical
simulations, demonstrating a high performance excepted on limited areas near
the telescope pupil rim. In particular, it allows direct phase evaluation (thus
avoiding the use of first or second-order derivatives), which is of special
interest for the co-phasing of segmented mirrors in future giant telescopes
projects. We finally define the useful practical domain of the method, which
seems to be better suited for periodical diagnostics of space or ground based
telescopes, or to real-time scientific observations in some very specific cases
(e.g. the central star in extrasolar planets searching instruments).


title: A Study for a Tracking Trigger at First Level for CMS at SLHC

abstract:
  It is expected that the LHC accelerator and experiments will undergo a
luminosity upgrade which will commence after several years of running. This
part of the LHC operations is referred to as Super-LHC (SLHC) and is expected
to provide beams of an order of magnitude larger luminosity (1035cm-2sec-1)
than the current design. Preliminary results are presented from a feasibility
study for a First Level Tracking Trigger for CMS at the SLHC using the data of
the inner tracking detector. As a model for these studies the current CMS pixel
detector with the same pixel size and radial distances from the beam has been
used. Monte Carlo studies have been performed using the full CMS simulation
package (OSCAR) and the occupancy of such a detector at SLHC beam conditions
has been calculated. The design of an electron trigger which uses both the
calorimeter energy depositions and the pixel data to identify isolated
electrons and photons has been investigated. Results on the tracker occupancy
and the electron trigger performance are presented


title: A Pixel Detector for Level-1 Triggering at SLHC

abstract:
  We report on preliminary design studies of a pixel detector for CMS at the
Super-LHC. The goal of these studies was to investigate the possibility of
designing an inner tracker pixel detector whose data could be used for
selecting events at the First Level Trigger. The detector considered consists
of two layers of 20x50x10 um3 pixels at very close radial proximity from each
other so that coincidences of hits between the two layers amount to a track
transverse momentum (pT) cut. This cut reduces the large amount of low-momentum
data expected at SLHC while keeping the tracking efficiency very high for the
high pT tracks. Preliminary results on the performance of such a detector are
presented.


title: The CMS Tracker Readout Front End Driver

abstract:
  The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out
the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the
APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED
receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec.
The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and
common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are
used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger
information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system
using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data
processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field
Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and
quality control of the FED are presented and discussed.


title: Equations for filling factor estimation in opal matrix

abstract:
  We consider two equations for the filling factor estimation of infiltrated
zinc oxide (ZnO) in silica (SiO_2) opal and gallium nitride in ZnO opal. The
first equation is based on the effective medium approximation, while the second
one - on Maxwell-Garnett approximation. The comparison between two filling
factors shows that both equations can be equally used for the estimation of the
quantity of infiltrated nanocrystals inside opal matrix.


title:
Single-domain chemical, thermochemical and thermal remanences in a
  basaltic rock

abstract:
  Tiny basaltic samples containing finely grained titanomagnetite with Curie
temperature less than 100 C were heated in air in weak field (25 to 100microT)
at temperatures between 400 and 560 C for times as long as 32 hours.
Oxyexsolution of titanomagnetite resulted in the crystallization of interacting
single domain particles with Curie point close to 540 C and the concomitant
development of one of two types chemical remanence, depending upon thermal
treatment: isothermal chemical remanence (CRM) or thermochemical remanence
(TCRM), the latter acquired under the combined effects of chemical change and
temperature decrease. CRM and TCRM acquired under various conditions were
subjected to Thellier-type experiments. The CRM/TRM ratio is found to be less
than one and increases rapidly with acquisition temperature (0.35 at 400 C,
0.65 at 450 C, and 0.90 at 500 C). Thus, very large underestimate of
geomagnetic field paleostrength can occur when a natural CRM is not recognized
as such and is believed to be a natural TRM. In an attempt to mimic deuteric
oxyexsolution in cooling magma, TCRM was imparted from 560 to 400 C at a
cooling rate of 0.1 C/mn. The TCRM/TRM is found to slightly exceed one (1.10),
in agreement with the theoretically predicted effect of the difference in
cooling rate.


title:
Long-range interactions between a He($2 ^3S$) atom and a He($2 ^3P$)
  atom for like isotopes

abstract:
  For the interactions between a He($2 ^3S$) atom and a He($2 ^3P$) atom for
like isotopes, we report perturbation theoretic calculations using accurate
variational wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates of the coefficients
determining the potential energies at large internuclear separations. We
evaluate the coefficient $C_{3}$ of the first order resonant dipole-dipole
energy and the van der Waals coefficients $C_{6}$, $C_{8}$, and $C_{10}$ for
the second order energies arising from the mutual perturbations of
instantaneous electric dipole, quadrupole, and octupole interactions. We also
evaluate the coefficient $C_{9}$ of the leading contribution to the third order
energy. We establish definitive values including treatment of the finite
nuclear mass for the ${}^3$He($2 ^3S$)--${}^3$He($2 ^3P$) and ${}^4$He($2
^3S$)--${}^4$He($2 ^3P$) interactions.


title: Symmetry Algebra of IIB Superstring Scattering

abstract:
  The graviton scattering in IIB superstring theory is examined in the context
of S-duality and symmetry. There is an algebra that generates all of the terms
in the four-point function to any order in derivatives. A map from the algebra
to the scattering is given; it suggests the correctness of the full four-point
function with the S-duality. The higher point functions are expected to follow
a similar pattern.


title:
Ionization suppression of excited atomic states beyond the stabilization
  regime

abstract:
  A two-dimensional model atom is employed to study the ionization behavior of
initially excited atomic states in highly-frequent intense laser pulses beyond
the dipole approximation. An additional regime of ionization suppression is
found at laser intensities where the stabilization effect is expected to break
down. The appearance of this effect is due to a strong coupling of the initial
wave function to the ground state of the cycle-averaged space-translated ionic
potential, followed by a subsequent population transfer to the ground state
during the laser pulse turn-off. Non-dipole effects are found to increase the
overall ionization probabilities, but not to suppress or alter this effect.


title:
Comment on Unified treatment for the evaluation of arbitrary
  multielectron multicenter molecular integrals over Slater-type orbitals with
  noninteger principal quantum numbers

abstract:
  Ozdogan (Int. J. Quantum Chem., 92 (2003) 419) published formulas for
evaluating the multielectron multicenter molecular integrals over Slater-type
orbitals (STOs). It is demonstrated that the formulas presented in this work
are not original and they can easily be derived by means of a simple algebra
from the relationship of our published papers (I.I.Guseinov,
J.Mol.Struct.(Theochem), 417(1997)117; J.Mol.Struct.(Theochem), 593 (2002) 65;
I.I.Guseinov,B.A.Mamedov,F.Oner,S.Huseyin, J.Mol.Struct.(Theochem),
545(2001)265; I.I.Guseinov,B.A.Mamedov, J.Mol.Model., 8(2002)272;
Theor.Chem.Acc., 108(2002)21).


title:
Polymer translocation through a nanopore: a two-dimensional Monte Carlo
  simulation

abstract:
  We investigate the problem of polymer translocation through a nanopore in the
absence of an external driving force. To this end, we use the two-dimensional
(2D) fluctuating bond model with single-segment Monte Carlo moves. To overcome
the entropic barrier without artificial restrictions, we consider a polymer
which is initially placed in the middle of the pore, and study the escape time
required for the polymer to completely exit the pore on either end. In
particular, we examined the effect of the pore length on the escape time.

categories: physics.comp-ph cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph physics.chem-ph


title:
Time dependence of the survival probability of an opinion in a closed
  community

abstract:
  The time dependence of the survival probability of an opinion in a closed
community has been investigated in accordance with social temperature by using
the Kawasaki-exchange dynamics based on previous study in Ref. [1]. It is shown
that the survival probability of opinion decays with stretched exponential law
consistent with previous static model. However, the crossover regime in the
decay of the survival probability has been observed in this dynamic model
unlike previous model. The decay characteristics of both two regimes obey to
stretched exponential.


title:
Kinetic-inductance-limited reset time of superconducting nanowire photon
  counters

abstract:
  We investigate the recovery of superconducting NbN-nanowire photon counters
after detection of an optical pulse at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and present a
model that quantitatively accounts for our observations. The reset time is
found to be limited by the large kinetic inductance of these nanowires, which
forces a tradeoff between counting rate and either detection efficiency or
active area. Devices of usable size and high detection efficiency are found to
have reset times orders of magnitude longer than their intrinsic photoresponse
time.


title: An evolving network model with community structure

abstract:
  Many social and biological networks consist of communities - groups of nodes
within which connections are dense, but between which connections are sparser.
Recently, there has been considerable interest in designing algorithms for
detecting community structures in real-world complex networks. In this paper,
we propose an evolving network model which exhibits community structure. The
network model is based on the inner-community preferential attachment and
inter-community preferential attachment mechanisms. The degree distributions of
this network model are analyzed based on a mean-field method. Theoretical
results and numerical simulations indicate that this network model has
community structure and scale-free properties.


title: Cosmological Problem Solution by Complex-Dynamical Interaction Analysis

abstract:
  Universe structure emerges in the unreduced, complex-dynamical interaction
process with the simplest initial configuration (two attracting homogeneous
fields). The unreduced interaction analysis avoiding any perturbative model
gives intrinsically creative cosmology describing the real, explicitly emerging
world structure with dynamic randomness at all levels. Without imposing any
postulates or additional entities, we obtain physically real, three-dimensional
space, irreversibly flowing time, elementary particles with their detailed
structure and intrinsic properties, causally complete and unified version of
quantum and relativistic behaviour, the origin and number of naturally unified
fundamental forces, classical behaviour emergence in a closed system, and true
quantum chaos. Major problems of standard cosmology and astrophysics are
consistently solved in this extended picture, including those of quantum
cosmology and gravity, entropy growth and time arrow, "hierarchy" of elementary
particles (Planckian unit values), "anthropic" difficulties, Big Bang
contradictions, and "missing" ("dark") mass and energy. Universality of the
proposed theory is explicitly expressed by the symmetry (conservation and
transformation) of dynamic complexity providing the unified, irregularly
structured, but always exact (never "broken") Order of the World that underlies
all universe structures, phenomena and laws.


title:
Post-Prior discrepancies in CDW-EIS calculations for ion impact
  ionization fully differential cross sections

abstract:
  In this work we present fully differential cross sections (FDCSs)
calculations using post and prior version of CDW--EIS theory for helium single
ionization by 100 MeV C$^{6+}$ amu$^{-1}$ and 3.6 MeV amu$^{-1}$ Au$^{24+}$ and
Au$^{53+}$ ions. We performed our calculations for different momentum transfer
and ejected electron energies. The influence of internuclear potential on the
ejected electron spectra is taken into account in all cases. We compare our
calculations with absolute experimental measurements. It is shown that prior
version calculations give better agreement with experiments in almost all
studied cases.


title: On Minimum Violations Ranking in Paired Comparisons

abstract:
  Ranking a set of objects from the most dominant one to the least, based on
the results of paired comparisons, proves to be useful in many contexts. Using
the rankings of teams or individuals players in sports to seed tournaments is
an example. The quality of a ranking is often evaluated by the number of
violations, cases in which an object is ranked lower than another that it has
dominated in a comparison, that it contains. A minimum violations ranking (MVR)
method, as its name suggests, searches specifically for rankings that have the
minimum possible number of violations which may or may not be zero. In this
paper, we present a method based on statistical physics that overcomes
conceptual and practical difficulties faced by earlier studies of the problem.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech physics.data-an


title:
Dynamical methods of investigations in application to the Schroedinger
  particle

abstract:
  Quantum systems are dynamic systems restricted by the principles of quantum
mechanics (linearity of dynamic equations, linear transformation of the wave
function etc.). One suggests to investigate the quantum systems simply as
dynamic systems, ignoring the quantum principles and constraints imposed by
them. Such dynamic methods of investigation appear to be more adequate and
effective, than the conventional quantum methods of investigation. Using these
methods, which ignore the quantum principles, one can overcome the principal
problem of quantum field theory: join of nonrelativistic quantum principles
with the relativity principles. Investigation of dynamic system, described by
the Schroedinger equation, admits one to prove that the Copenhagen
interpretation is incompatible with quantum mechanics formalism. Besides, it is
shown that sometimes the application of quantum principles leads to incorrect
results.


title:
Calculation of the photoionization with de-excitation cross sections of
  He and helium-like ions

abstract:
  We discuss the results of the calculation of the photoionization with
de-excitation of excited He and helium-like ions Li$^{+}$ and B$^{3+}$ at high
but non-relativistic photon energies $\omega $. Several lower $^{1}S$ and
$^{3}S$ states are considered. We present and analyze the ratios
$R_{d}^{+\ast}$ of the cross sections of photoionization with de-excitation,
$\sigma_{(d)}^{+\ast}(\omega)$, and of the photo-ionization with excitation,
$\sigma ^{+\ast}(\omega)$. The dependence of $R_{d}^{+\ast}$ on the excitation
of the target object and the charge of its nucleus is presented. Apart to
theoretical interest, results obtained can be verified using such long living
excited state as $2^{3}S$ of He.


title:
Fully 3D Monte Carlo image reconstruction in SPECT using functional
  regions

abstract:
  Image reconstruction in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is
affected by physical effects such as photon attenuation, Compton scatter and
detector response. These effects can be compensated for by modeling the
corresponding spread of photons in 3D within the system matrix used for
tomographic reconstruction. The fully 3D Monte Carlo (F3DMC) reconstruction
technique consists in calculating this system matrix using Monte Carlo
simulations. The inverse problem of tomographic reconstruction is then solved
using conventional iterative algorithms such as maximum likelihood expectation
maximization (MLEM). Although F3DMC has already shown promising results, its
use is currently limited by two major issues: huge size of the fully 3D system
matrix and long computation time required for calculating a robust and accurate
system matrix. To address these two issues, we propose to calculate the F3DMC
system matrix using a spatial sampling matching the functional regions to be
reconstructed. In this approach, different regions of interest can be
reconstructed with different spatial sampling. For instance, a single value is
reconstructed for a functional region assumed to contain uniform activity. To
assess the value of this approach, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed
using GATE. Results suggest that F3DMC reconstruction using functional regions
improves quantitative accuracy compared to the F3DMC reconstruction method
proposed so far. In addition, it considerably reduces disk space requirement
and duration of the simulations needed to estimate the system matrix. The
concept of functional regions might therefore make F3DMC reconstruction
practically feasible.


title: Strong-field approximation for harmonic generation in diatomic molecules

abstract:
  The generation of high-order harmonics in diatomic molecules is investigated
within the framework of the strong-field approximation. We show that the
conventional saddle-point approximation is not suitable for large internuclear
distances. An adapted saddle-point method that takes into account the molecular
structure is presented. We analyze the predictions for the harmonic-generation
spectra in both the velocity and the length gauge. At large internuclear
separations, we compare the resulting cutoffs with the predictions of the
simple-man's model. Good agreement is obtained only by using the adapted
saddle-point method combined with the velocity gauge.


title:
Boundary Solutions of the Two-electron Schrodinger Equation at
  Two-particle Coalescences of the Atomic Systems

abstract:
  The limit relations for the partial derivatives of the two-electron atomic
wave functions at the two-particle coalescence lines have been obtained
numerically using accurate CFHHM wave functions. The asymptotic solutions of
the proper two-electron Schrodinger equation have been derived for both
electron-nucleus and electron-electron coalescence. It is shown that the
solutions for the electron-nucleus coalescence correspond to the ground and
singly excited bound states, including triplet ones. The proper solutions at
small distances $R$ from the triple coalescence point were presented as the
second order expansion on R and lnR. The vanishing of the Fock's logarithmic
terms at the electron-nucleus coalescence line was revealed in the frame of
this expansion, unlike the case of electron-electron coalescence. On the basis
of the obtained boundary solutions the approximate wave function corresponding
to both coalescence lines have been proposed in the two-exponential form with
no variational parameters.


title: A Harris-Todaro Agent-Based Model to Rural-Urban Migration

abstract:
  The Harris-Todaro model of the rural-urban migration process is revisited
under an agent-based approach. The migration of the workers is interpreted as a
process of social learning by imitation, formalized by a computational model.
By simulating this model, we observe a transitional dynamics with continuous
growth of the urban fraction of overall population toward an equilibrium. Such
an equilibrium is characterized by stabilization of rural-urban expected wages
differential (generalized Harris-Todaro equilibrium condition), urban
concentration and urban unemployment. These classic results obtained originally
by Harris and Todaro are emergent properties of our model.


title: Bounded fitness landscapes and the evolution of the linguistic diversity

abstract:
  A simple spatial computer simulation model was recently introduced to study
the evolution of the linguistic diversity. The model considers processes of
selective geographic colonization, linguistic anomalous diffusion and mutation.
In the approach, we ascribe to each language a fitness function which depends
on the number of people that speak that language. Here we extend the
aforementioned model to examine the role of saturation of the fitness on the
language dynamics. We found that the dependence of the linguistic diversity on
the area after colonization displays a power law regime with a nontrivial
exponent in very good agreement with the measured exponent associated with the
actual distribution of languages on the Earth.


title:
Optical Readout in a Multi-Module System Test for the ATLAS Pixel
  Detector

abstract:
  The innermost part of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, CERN, will be a pixel
detector. The command messages and the readout data of the detector are
transmitted over an optical data path. The readout chain consists of many
components which are produced at several locations around the world, and must
work together in the pixel detector. To verify that these parts are working
together as expected a system test has been built up. In this paper the system
test setup and the operation of the readout chain is described. Also, some
results of tests using the final pixel detector readout chain are given.


title: Theoretical remark on the superconductivity of metals

abstract: In this paper Einstein develops some crucial ideas about superconductivity


title:
Laser-stimulated Synthesis of Large Nanostructured Fractal Silver
  Aggregates

abstract:
  A Laser-stimulated synthesis of large silver nanoaggregates consisting of
hundreds to thousands of nanoparticles is investigated. It is shown that the
morphology of the synthesized nanostructures can be controlled with light and
monitored via the evolution of the colloid absorption spectra. A solution
method is demonstrated that enables production of a bulk amount of metal
nanoaggregates, which are of paramount importance for subwavelength
concentration and dramatic enhancement of the electromagnetically-induced
processes at the nanoscale.


title:
Bound whispering gallery modes in circular arrays of dielectric
  spherical particles

abstract:
  Low-dimensional ordered arrays of optical elements can possess bound modes
having an extremely high quality factor. Typically, these arrays consist of
metal elements which have significantly high light absorption thus restricting
performance. In this paper we address the following question: can bound modes
be formed in dielectric systems where the absorption of light is negligible?
Our investigation of circular arrays of spherical particles shows that (1) high
quality modes in an array of 10 or more particles can be attained at least for
a refractive index $n_{r}>2$, so optical materials like TiO$_{2}$ or GaAs can
be used; (2) the most bound modes have nearly transverse polarization
perpendicular to the circular plane; (3) in a particularly interesting case of
TiO$_{2}$ particles (rutile phase, $n_{r}=2.7$), the quality factor of the most
bound mode increases almost by an order of magnitude with the addition of 10
extra particles, while for particles made of GaAs the quality factor increases
by almost two orders of magnitude with the addition of ten extra particles. We
hope that this preliminary study will stimulate experimental investigations of
bound modes in low-dimensional arrays of dielectric particles.


title: The Coupled Electron-Ion Monte Carlo Method

abstract:
  In these Lecture Notes we review the principles of the Coupled Electron-Ion
Monte Carlo methods and discuss some recent results on metallic hydrogen.


title:
Interpolating moving least-squares methods for fitting potential energy
  surfaces: The dependence on coordinate systems for six-dimensional
  applications

abstract:
  The basic formal and numerical aspects of different degree interpolated
moving least-squares (IMLS) methods are studied using sixteen different
combinations of coordinate system for fitting and weight functions. For the
application we use six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) of hydrogen
peroxide, for which an analytic ("exact") potential is available in the
literature. We systematically examine the effect of parameters in the weight
function, the degree of the IMLS fit, and number of ab initio points. From
these studies we discovered that the IMLS for almost all pairs of coordinate
system show qualitatively similar behavior, however, the accuracy of the fits
is noticeably different. We also found compact and accurate representations of
potentials for presented degrees of IMLS.


title: Droplet rebound from rigid or strongly hydrophobic surfaces

abstract:
  A weakly deformable droplet impinging on a rigid surface rebounds if the
surface is intrinsically hydrophobic or if the gas film trapped underneath the
droplet is able to keep the interfaces from touching. A simple, physically
motivated model inspired by analysis of droplets colliding with deformable
interfaces is proposed in order to investigate the dynamics of the rebound
process and the effects of gravity. The analysis yields estimates of the bounce
time that are in very good quantitative agreement with recent experimental data
(Okumura et. al., (2003)) and provides significant improvement over simple
scaling results.


title:
News and price returns from threshold behaviour and vice-versa: exact
  solution of a simple agent-based market model

abstract:
  Starting from an exact relationship between news, threshold and price return
distributions in the stationary state, I discuss the ability of the
Ghoulmie-Cont-Nadal model of traders to produce fat-tailed price returns. Under
normal conditions, this model is not able to transform Gaussian news into
fat-tailed price returns. When the variance of the news so small that only the
players with zero threshold can possibly react to news, this model produces
Levy-distributed price returns with a -1 exponent. In the special case of
super-linear price impact functions, fat-tailed returns are obtained from
well-behaved news.