title:
The Impact of External Events on the Emergence of Social Herding of
  Economic Sentiment

abstract:
  We investigate the impact of an exogenous environment on the emergence of
social herding of economic sentiment. An interactions-driven dynamics of
economic sentiment is modeled by an Ising model on a large (two-dimensional)
square lattice. The individual states are called optimism and pessimism. The
exogenous environment is modeled as a sequence of random events, which might
have a positive or negative influence on economic sentiment. These exogenous
events can be frequent or rare, have a lasting impact or a non-lasting impact.
Impact of events is inhomogeneous over the lattice, as individuals might fail
to perceive particular events. We introduce two notions of social herding:
permanent herding refers to the situation where an ordered state (i.e. a state
with an overwhelming majority of optimists or pessimists) persists over an
infinite time horizon, while temporary herding refers to the situation where
ordered states appear, persist for some time and decay. The parameter of the
inter-agent interaction strength is such as to engender permanent herding
without the influence of the environment. To investigate the impact of an
environment we determine whether an initially ordered state decays. We consider
two cases: in the first case positive and negative events have both the same
empirical frequencies and strengths, while in the second case events have the
same empirical frequencies but different strengths. (In the first case the
environment is ``neutral''in the long term), In the neutral case we find
temporary herding if events are sufficiently ``strong'' and/or perceived by a
sufficiently large proportion of agents, and our results suggest that permanent
herding occurs for small values of the parameters. In the ``non-neutral'' case
we find only temporary herding.


title: Lensless Slide Projection: A Demonstrative Experience

abstract:
  A 2D transparency may be projected on a diffractive screen by just
illuminating it with a filament lamp of the same height. Sharpness of the
filament width is naturally related to sharpness on the image, but some
peculiar properties makes this experience to be different from a shadow
projection case.


title:
Intermittent magnetic field excitation by a turbulent flow of liquid
  sodium

abstract:
  The magnetic field measured in the Madison Dynamo Experiment shows
intermittent periods of growth when an axial magnetic field is applied. The
geometry of the intermittent field is consistent with the fastest growing
magnetic eigenmode predicted by kinematic dynamo theory using a laminar model
of the mean flow. Though the eigenmodes of the mean flow are decaying, it is
postulated that turbulent fluctuations of the velocity field change the flow
geometry such that the eigenmode growth rate is temporarily positive.
Therefore, it is expected that a characteristic of the onset of a turbulent
dynamo is magnetic intermittency.


title: Constancy of speed of light as the interaction effect

abstract:
  The new phenomenon of dynamic stabilization of the propagation velocity of
electromagnetic waves is discovered. The dependency of the inertial mass and
the proper time of accelerated particles on the action of the gravitational
field of surrounding masses is defined.


title:
Electric and Photoelectric Gates for ion backflow suppression in
  multi-GEM structures

abstract:
  A new approach to suppress ion backflow in multi-GEM structures is suggested.
In this approach, the potential difference applied across the gap between two
adjacent GEMs is reversed compared to the standard configuration. In such a gap
structure, called Electric Gate, a signal transfer from the first to second GEM
is presumably provided by the small residual field still existing at small gate
voltages and connecting the holes of the two GEMs. On the other hand, ion
backflow between the GEMs turned out to be substantially reduced. We also
consider another configuration, called Photoelectric Gate, in which in addition
to the Electric Gate configuration, a CsI photocathode is deposited on the
second GEM. In the Photoelectric Gate, ion backflow through the gap is fully
suppressed and the signal transfer through the gap is provided by the
photoelectric mechanism due to either avalanche scintillations in the first GEM
or proportional scintillations in the electroluminescence gap replacing the
first GEM. The idea of the Electric Gate might find applications in the field
of TPC detectors and gas photomultipliers. The idea of the Photoelectric Gate
is more relevant in the field of two-phase avalanche detectors.


title: Alternative to the principle of constant speed of light

abstract:
  To consider a medium carrying light and electromagnetic waves is impossible,
when this medium shall have properties according to the principle of constant
speed of light, that is, isotropy of speed of light in every system of
reference. Therefore, with principle of constant speed of light abandoned, the
so-called medium synchronization of clocks is defined, yielding isotropy solely
in the system at rest and anisotropy in all moving systems. From medium
synchronization the appropriate coordinate transformation is developed, the
so-called medium transformation, a Galilean type of transformation, thus
maintaining simultaneity between all participant systems of reference and
changing the form of Maxwells equations to the extended Maxwell equations.
Despite the fact that medium transformation violates Lorentz invariance and the
principle of relativity, it is demonstrated that the results from medium
transformation and extended Maxwell equations are fully compliant with
observable phenomena. Moreover, it is shown that the concept of a medium, a
preferred frame of reference, is compatible not only with medium
transformation, but also with Lorentz transformation and with theory of special
relativity, so it is quite possible now to consider a realistic medium.
Finally, a discrepancy is exposed within theory of special relativity, giving
rise to assume a preferred frame of reference even in special relativity.


title: Focusing inversion technique applied to radar tomographic data

abstract:
  Traveltime tomography is a very effective tool to reconstruct acoustic,
seismic or electromagnetic wave speed distribution. To infer the velocity image
of the medium from the measurements of first arrivals is a typical example of
ill-posed problem. In the framework of Tikhonov regularization theory, in order
to replace an ill-posed problem by a well-posed one and to get a unique and
stable solution, a stabilizing functional (stabilizer) has to be introduced.
The stabilizer selects the desired solution from a class of solutions with a
specific physical and/or geometrical property; e.g., the existence of sharp
boundaries separating media with different petrophysical parameters. Usually
stabilizers based on maximum smoothness criteria are used during the inversion
process; in these cases the solutions provide smooth images which, in many
situations, do not describe the examined objects properly. Recently a new
algorithm of direct minimization of the Tikhonov parametric functional with
minimum support stabilizer has been introduced; it produces clear and focused
images of targets with sharp boundaries. In this research we apply this new
technique to real radar tomographic data and we compare the obtained result
with the solution generated by the more traditional minimum norm stabilizer.


title: Terahertz All-Optical Modulation in a Silicon-Polymer Hybrid System

abstract:
  Although Gigahertz-scale free-carrier modulators have been previously
demonstrated in silicon, intensity modulators operating at Terahertz speeds
have not been reported because of silicon's weak ultrafast optical
nonlinearity. We have demonstrated intensity modulation of light with light in
a silicon-polymer integrated waveguide device, based on the all-optical Kerr
effect - the same ultrafast effect used in four-wave mixing. Direct
measurements of time-domain intensity modulation are made at speeds of 10 GHz.
We showed experimentally that the ultrafast mechanism of this modulation
functions at the optical frequency through spectral measurements, and that
intensity modulation at frequencies in excess of 1 THz can be obtained in this
device. By integrating optical polymers through evanescent coupling to
high-mode-confinement silicon waveguides, we greatly increase the effective
nonlinearity of the waveguide for cross-phase modulation. The combination of
high mode confinement, multiple integrated optical components, and high
nonlinearities produces all-optical ultrafast devices operating at
continuous-wave power levels compatible with telecommunication systems.
Although far from commercial radio frequency optical modulator standards in
terms of extinction, these devices are a first step in development of
large-scale integrated ultrafast optical logic in silicon, and are two orders
of magnitude faster than previously reported silicon devices.


title: Multiply Connected Universes

abstract:
  It is now generally believed that our observable universe is one amongst a
very large number - may be $10^{500}$ - of parallel universes. Following the
author's own model in this context, we argue that this conglomeration of
universes defines a multiply connected super space.


title: Turbulent luminance in impassioned van Gogh paintings

abstract:
  Everything in the last period of Vincent van Gogh paintings seems to be
moving; this dynamical style served to transmit his own feelings about a figure
or a landscape. Since the early impressionism, artists emprically discovered
that an adequate use of luminance could generate the sensation of motion. This
sentation was more complex in the case of van Gogh paintings of the last
period: turbulence is the main adjective used to describe these paintings. It
has been specifically mentioned, for instance, that the famous painting
\emph{Starry Night}, vividly transmits the sense of turbulence and was compared
with a picture of a distant star from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,
where eddies probably caused by dust and gas turbulence are clearly seen [1].
It is the purpose of this paper to show that the probability distribution
function (PDF) of luminance fluctuations in some impassioned van Gogh
paintings, painted at times close to periods of prolonged psychotic agitation
of this artist, compares notable well with the PDF of the velocity differences
in a turbulent flow as predicted by the statistical theory of Kolmogorov. This
is not the first time that this analogy with hydrodinamic turbulence is
reported in a field far different from fluid mechanics; it has been also
observed in fluctuations of the foreign exchange markets time series [2].


title: Track Extrapolation and Distribution for the CDF-II Trigger System

abstract:
  The CDF-II experiment is a multipurpose detector designed to study a wide
range of processes observed in the high energy proton-antiproton collisions
produced by the Fermilab Tevatron. With event rates greater than 1MHz, the
CDF-II trigger system is crucial for selecting interesting events for
subsequent analysis. This document provides an overview of the Track
Extrapolation System (XTRP), a component of the CDF-II trigger system. The XTRP
is a fully digital system that is utilized in the track-based selection of high
momentum lepton and heavy flavor signatures. The design of the XTRP system
includes five different custom boards utilizing discrete and FPGA technology
residing in a single VME crate. We describe the design, construction,
commissioning and operation of this system.


title:
A periodic microfluidic bubbling oscillator: insight into the stability
  of two-phase microflows

abstract:
  This letter describes a periodically oscillating microfoam flow. For constant
input parameters, both the produced bubble volume and the flow rate vary over a
factor two. We explicit the link between foam topology alternance and flow rate
changes, and construct a retroaction model where bubbles still present
downstream determine the volume of new bubbles, in agreement with experiment.
This gives insight into the various parameters important to maintain
monodispersity and at the same time shows a method to achieve controlled
polydispersity.


title: Frequency shift of cesium clock transition due to blackbody radiation

abstract:
  We have performed ab initio calculations of the frequency shift induced by a
static electric field on the cesium clock hyperfine transition. The
calculations are used to find the frequency shifts due to blackbody radiation.
Our result ($\delta \nu/E^2=-2.26(2)\times 10^{-10}$Hz/(V/m)$^2$) is in good
agreement with early measurements and ab initio calculations performed in other
groups. We present arguments against recent claims that the actual value of the
effect might be smaller. The difference ($\sim$ 10%) between ab initio and
semiempirical calculations is due to the contribution of the continuum spectrum
to the sum over intermediate states.


title:
Analytical Solution for the Deformation of a Cylinder under Tidal
  Gravitational Forces

abstract:
  Quite a few future high precision space missions for testing Special and
General Relativity will use optical resonators which are used for laser
frequency stabilization. These devices are used for carrying out tests of the
isotropy of light (Michelson-Morley experiment) and of the universality of the
gravitational redshift. As the resonator frequency not only depends on the
speed of light but also on the resonator length, the quality of these
measurements is very sensitive to elastic deformations of the optical resonator
itself. As a consequence, a detailed knowledge about the deformations of the
cavity is necessary. Therefore in this article we investigate the modeling of
optical resonators in a space environment. Usually for simulation issues the
Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied in order to investigate the influence of
disturbances on the resonator measurements. However, for a careful control of
the numerical quality of FEM simulations a comparison with an analytical
solution of a simplified resonator model is beneficial. In this article we
present an analytical solution for the problem of an elastic, isotropic,
homogeneous free-flying cylinder in space under the influence of a tidal
gravitational force. The solution is gained by solving the linear equations of
elasticity for special boundary conditions. The applicability of using FEM
codes for these simulations shall be verified through the comparison of the
analytical solution with the results gained within the FEM code.


title: Multipole Moments of Fractal Distribution of Charges

abstract:
  In this paper we consider the electric multipole moments of fractal
distribution of charges. To describe fractal distribution, we use the
fractional integrals. The fractional integrals are considered as approximations
of integrals on fractals. In the paper we compute the electric multipole
moments for homogeneous fractal distribution of charges.


title:
Reply to ``Remarks on the simulation of Cl electrosorption on Ag(100)
  reported in Electrochimica Acta 50 (2005) 5518"

abstract:
  We reply to remarks by Lang and Horanyi on the meaning of the notion of
"electrosorption valency" used in I. Abou Hamad et al., Electrochim. Acta 50
(2005) 5518. It is concluded that, contrary to the assertion of Lang and
Horanyi, the magnitude of the current in the external circuit upon adsorption
of an ion of charge ze with partial charge transfer is indeed given by an
electrosorption valency gamma such that |gamma e| < |ze|. We believe the
conclusion of Lang and Horanyi to the contrary is the result of an excessively
severe charge-neutrality requirement.


title:
Bayesian Comparison of GARCH Processes with Skewnes Mechanism in
  Conditional Distributions

abstract:
  The main goal of this paper is an application of Bayesian model comparison,
based on the posterior probabilities and posterior odds ratios, in testing the
explanatory power of the set of competing GARCH (ang. Generalised
Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic) specifications, all with
asymmetric and heavy tailed conditional distributions. In building competing
volatility models we consider, as an initial specification, GARCH process with
conditional Student-t distribution with unknown degrees of freedom parameter,
proposed by Bollerslev (1987). By introducing skewness into Student-t family
and incorporating the resulting class as a conditional distribution we
generated various GARCH models, which compete in explaining possible asymmetry
of both conditional and unconditional distribution of financial data. Based on
the daily returns of hypothetical financial time series, we discuss the results
of Bayesian comparison of alternative skewing mechanisms applied in the initial
Student-t GARCH framework. We also check the sensitivity of model ranking with
respect to the changes in prior distribution of model specific parameters.
Additionally, we present formal Bayesian inference about conditional asymmetry
of the distribution of the daily returns in all competing specifications on the
basis of the skewness measure defined by Arnold and Groenveld (1995).


title: Almost rolling motion: An investigation of rolling grooved cylinders

abstract:
  We examine the dynamics of cylinders that are grooved to form N teeth for
rolling motion down an inclined plane. The grooved cylinders are experimentally
found to reach a terminal velocity. This result can be explained by the
inclusion of inelastic processes which occur whenever a tooth hits the surface.
The fraction of the angular velocity that is lost during an inelastic collision
is phenomenologically found to be proportional to
(2*sin^2*pi/N)-(alpha*sin^3*pi/N), and the method of least squares is used to
find the constant alpha=0.98. The adjusted theoretical results for the time of
rolling as well as for terminal velocity are found to be in good agreement with
the experimental results.


title:
Galileo's Double Star: The Experiment That "Proved" the Earth Did Not
  Move

abstract:
  Great opportunities arise for teaching physics, astronomy, and their
histories when new discoveries are made that involve concepts accessible to
students at every level. Such an opportunity currently exists thanks to the
fact that notes written by Galileo indicating that he observed the double star
Mizar in the "Big Dipper" have recently come to light. His measurements of this
star, given the scientific knowledge at the time, strongly supported the theory
that the Earth was fixed in space and not moving. Had Galileo published these
results, it is likely that widespread acceptance of the heliocentric theory in
scientific circles would have been significantly delayed. In light of these
notes, his later reference in his Dialogue to using double stars as a means of
proving that the Earth was in motion is puzzling. The physics and mathematics
behind Galileo's work is easily within reach of students in introductory
physics and astronomy courses, so discussion of Galileo's Mizar work and its
interesting implications can be used in virtually any class.


title: Geographical effects on epidemic spreading in scale-free networks

abstract:
  Many real networks are embedded in a metric space: the interactions among
individuals depend on their spatial distances and usually take place among
their nearest neighbors. In this paper, we introduce a modified
susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model to study geographical effects on
the spread of diseases by assuming that the probability of a healthy individual
infected by an infectious one is inversely proportional to the Euclidean
distance between them. It is found that geography plays a more important role
than hubs in disease spreading: the more geographically constrained the network
is, the more highly the epidemic prevails.


title:
Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with modulated light in tilted
  magnetic fields

abstract:
  Larmor precession of laser-polarized atoms contained in
anti-relaxation-coated cells, detected via nonlinear magneto-optical rotation
(NMOR) is a promising technique for a new generation of ultra-sensitive atomic
magnetometers. For magnetic fields directed along the light propagation
direction, resonances in NMOR appear when linearly polarized light is
frequency- or amplitude-modulated at twice the Larmor frequency. Because the
frequency of these resonances depends on the magnitude but not the direction of
the field, they are useful for scalar magnetometry. New NMOR resonances at the
Larmor frequency appear when the magnetic field is tilted away from the light
propagation direction in the plane defined by the light propagation and
polarization vectors. These new resonances, studied both experimentally and
with a density matrix calculation in the present work, offer a convenient
method for NMOR-based vector magnetometry.


title: Experimental studies of instabilities of laminar premixed flames

abstract:
  We first briefly recall the basic mechanisms controlling the hydrodynamic and
thermo-diffusive stability of planar laminar premixed flames, and give the
state of the theoretical analysis. We then describe some novel experiments to
observe and measure the growth rate of cellular structures on initially planar
flames. The first experiment concerns the observation of the temporal growth of
wrinkling on a freely propagating planar flame. A second experiment concerns
the spatio-temporal growth of structures of controlled wavelength on an
anchored flame. The experimental observations are compared to theoretical
dispersion relation. Finally, we compare observations of the non-linear
evolution to saturation with the predictions of an extended
Michelson-Sivashinsky equation.


title:
Statistical features of edge turbulence in RFX-mod from Gas Puffing
  Imaging

abstract:
  Plasma density fluctuations in the edge plasma of the RFX-mod device are
measured through the Gas Puffing Imaging Diagnostics. Statistical features of
the signal are quantified in terms of the Probability Distribution Function
(PDF), and computed for several kinds of discharges. The PDFs from discharges
without particular control methods are found to be adequately described by a
Gamma function, consistently with the recent results by Graves et al [J.P.
Graves, et al, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, L1 (2005)]. On the other hand,
pulses with external methods for plasma control feature modified PDFs. A first
empirical analysis suggests that they may be interpolated through a linear
combination of simple functions. An inspection of the literature shows that
this kind of PDFs is common to other devices as well, and has been suggested to
be due to the simultaneous presence of different mechanisms driving
respectively coherent bursts and gaussian background turbulence. An attempt is
made to relate differences in the PDFs to plasma conditions such as the local
shift of the plasma column. A simple phenomenological model to interpret the
nature of the PDF and assign a meaning to its parameters is also developed.


title:
Long-living plasmoids generation by high-voltage discharge through thin
  conducting layers

abstract:
  A new type of pulse high voltage electric discharge through a thin conducting
layer on the surface of glass plate has been investigated. The afterglow plasma
of this discharge forms quasi-spherical object with a lifetime about 0.2-0.3 s.
Electric properties of the objects were studied by electric probe method.
Measurements of plasma radiation spectra kinetics at visible and near
ultraviolet spectral ranges have been carried out. Comparative analysis of the
physical properties of the plasmoids appearing in this discharges and of ones
generated via thin metal wires burning is given. Possible mechanism of the
plasma metastability are discussed.


title: Nonlinear Damping of the LC Circuit using Anti-parallel Diodes

abstract:
  We investigate a simple variation of the series RLC circuit in which
anti-parallel diodes replace the resistor. This results in a damped harmonic
oscillator with a nonlinear damping term that is maximal at zero current and
decreases with an inverse current relation for currents far from zero. A set of
nonlinear differential equations for the oscillator circuit is derived and
integrated numerically for comparison with circuit measurements. The agreement
is very good for both the transient and steady-state responses. Unlike the
standard RLC circuit, the behavior of this circuit is amplitude dependent. In
particular for the transient response the oscillator makes a transition from
under-damped to over-damped behavior, and for the driven oscillator the
resonance response becomes sharper and stronger as drive source amplitude
increases. The equipment is inexpensive and common to upper level physics labs.


title:
Testing non-classical theories of electromagnetism with ion
  interferometry

abstract:
  We discuss using a table-top ion interferometer to search for deviations from
Coulomb's inverse-square law. Such deviations would result from non-classical
effects such at a non-zero photon rest mass. We discuss the theory behind the
proposed measurement, explain which fundamental, experimentally controllable
parameters are the relevant figures of merit, and calculate the expected
performance of such a device in terms of these parameters. The sensitivity to
deviations in the exponent of the inverse-square law is predicted to be a few
times $10^{-22}$, an improvement by five orders of magnitude over current
experiments. It could measure a non-zero photon rest mass smaller than
$9\times10^{-50}$ grams, nearly 100 times smaller than current laboratory
experiments.


title: Production Performance of the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker Readout System

abstract:
  The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) together with the pixel and the
transition radiation detectors will form the tracking system of the ATLAS
experiment at LHC. It will consist of 20000 single-sided silicon microstrip
sensors assembled back-to-back into modules mounted on four concentric barrels
and two end-cap detectors formed by nine disks each. The SCT module production
and testing has finished while the macro-assembly is well under way. After an
overview of the layout and the operating environment of the SCT, a description
of the readout electronics design and operation requirements will be given. The
quality control procedure and the DAQ software for assuring the electrical
functionality of hybrids and modules will be discussed. The focus will be on
the electrical performance results obtained during the assembly and testing of
the end-cap SCT modules.


title: Naming Game on small-world networks: the role of clustering structure

abstract:
  Naming Game is a recently proposed model for describing how a multi-agent
system can converge towards a consensus state in a self-organized way. In this
paper, we investigate this model on the so-called homogeneous small-world
networks and focus on the influence of the triangular topology on the dynamics.
Of all the topological quantities, the clustering coefficient is found to play
a significant role in the dynamics of the Naming Game. On the one hand, it
affects the maximum memory of each agent; on the other hand, it inhibits the
growing of clusters in which agents share a common word, i.e., a larger
clustering coefficient will cause a slower convergence of the system. We also
find a quantitative relationship between clustering coefficient and the maximum
memory.


title: STAR Spin related future detector upgrades

abstract:
  The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has a rich
spin physics program aimed at exploring the spin structure of the proton with
polarized proton beams. In addition to the currently accessible channels, heavy
flavor, charged vector boson production and forward mesons are integral parts
of the long-term program. Such measurements require upgrades of the STAR
tracking system and calorimetry. We are presenting an overview of the planned
upgrades and the physics objectives driving them.


title: Effective velocity boundary condition at a mixed slip surface

abstract:
  This paper studies the nature of the effective velocity boundary conditions
for liquid flow over a plane boundary on which small free-slip islands are
randomly distributed. It is found that, to lowest order in the area fraction
$\beta$ covered by free-slip regions with characteristic size $a$, a
macroscopic Navier-type slip condition emerges with a slip length of the order
of $a\beta$. The study is motivated by recent experiments which suggest that
gas nano-bubbles may form on solid walls and may be responsible for the
appearance of a partial slip boundary conditions for liquid flow. The results
are also relevant for ultra-hydrophobic surfaces exploiting the so-called
``lotus effect''.


title: Physics of Flow Instability and Turbulent Transition in Shear Flows

abstract:
  In this paper, the physics of flow instability and turbulent transition in
shear flows is studied by analyzing the energy variation of fluid particles
under the interaction of base flow with a disturbance. For the first time, a
model derived strictly from physics is proposed to show that the flow
instability under finite amplitude disturbance leads to turbulent transition.
The proposed model is named as "energy gradient method." It is demonstrated
that it is the transverse energy gradient that leads to the disturbance
amplification while the disturbance is damped by the energy loss due to
viscosity along the streamline. It is also shown that the threshold of
disturbance amplitude obtained is scaled with the Reynolds number by an
exponent of -1, which exactly explains the recent modern experimental results
by Hof et al. for pipe flow. The mechanism for velocity inflection and hairpin
vortex formation are explained with reference to analytical results. Following
from this analysis, it can be demonstrated that the critical value of the so
called energy gradient parameter Kmax is constant for turbulent transition in
wall bounded parallel flows, and this is confirmed by experiments and is about
370-389. The location of instability initiation in the flow field accords well
with the experiments for both pipe Poiseuille flow (r/R=0.58) and plane
Poiseuille flow (y/h=0.58). It is also inferred from the proposed method that
the transverse energy gradient can serve as the power for the self-sustaining
process of wall bounded turbulence. Finally, the relation of "energy gradient
method" to the classical "energy method" based on Rayleigh-Orr equation is
discussed.


title:
Shear and Vorticity in a Combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke
  Inflationary Lambda-Universe

abstract:
  A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is
developed through Raychaudhuri's equation, for inflationary scenario. It
involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly
with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble's parameter,
while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The
post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but
the angular speed does not (Berman, 2007d). Keywords: Cosmology; Einstein;
Brans-Dicke; Cosmological term; Shear; Spin; Vorticity; Inflation;
Einstein-Cartan; Torsion. PACS: 04.20.-q ; 98.80.-k ; 98.80.Bp ; 98.80.Jk


title:
Quasicrystalline and rational approximant wave patterns in hydrodynamic
  and quantum nested wells

abstract:
  The eigenfunctions of nested wells with incommensurate boundary geometry, in
both hydrodynamic shallow water regime and quantum cases, are systematically
and exhaustively studied in this letter. The boundary arrangement of the nested
wells consist of polygonal ones, square or hexagonal, with a concentric
immersed similar but rotated well or plateau. A rich taxonomy of wave patterns,
such as quasicrystalline states, their crystalline rational approximants and
some other exotic but well known tilings, is found in these mimicked
experiments. To our best knowledge, these hydrodynamic rational approximants
are presented here for the first time in a hydrodynamic-quantum framework. The
corresponding statistical nature of the energy level spacing distribution
reflects this taxonomy by changing the spectral types.


title: Thermal noise driven computing

abstract:
  The possibility of a new type of computing, where thermal noise is the
information carrier and the clock in a computer, is studied. The information
channel capacity and the lower limit of energy requirement/dissipation are
studied in a simple digital system with zero threshold voltage, for the case of
error probability close to 0.5, when the thermal noise is equal to or greater
than the digital signal. In a simple hypothetical realization of a thermal
noise driven gate, the lower limit of energy needed to generate the digital
signal is 1.1*kT/bit. The arrangement has potentially improved energy
efficiency and it is free of leakage current, crosstalk and ground plane
electromagnetic interference problems. Disadvantage is the large number of
redundancy elements needed for low-error operation.


title: Superfluid Pairing in the Three Component Fermi Gas

abstract:
  We present an analysis of the SU(3) symmetric model of the strongly
interacting three component Fermi gas in the continuum space using quantum
Monte Carlo techniques. Three body effects predominate in the regime of
interaction strength beyond that of threshold of the three particle bound
state. However, we find that there is an interval of the interaction strength
where the SU(2)$\otimes$U(1) broken symmetry superfluidity is possible. For a
strong enough interaction, the SU(3) symmetry is restored and the superfluidity
is suppressed. Within the interval of the broken symmetry, we also find that on
average the particle pairs belonging to the species with superfluid pairing
remain further separated than those without the superfluid pairing correlation.


title: On volume reflection of ultrarelativistic particles in single crystals

abstract:
  The analytical description of the volume reflection of the charged
ultrarelativistic particles in bent single crystals is considered. The relation
describing the angle of volume reflection as a function of the transversal
energy is obtained. The different angle distributions of the scattered protons
in the single crystals are found. Results of calculations for 400 GeV protons
scattered by the silicon single crystal are presented.


title:
Experimental study of the wind effect on focusing of transient wave
  groups

abstract:
  One of the popular machanisms of the freak waves phenomenon is the dispersive
focusing of transient wave groups. In all published theoretical and
experimental papers the surface gravity waves are considered as an ensemble of
free waves. This paper reports on a series of experiments conducted in the
large wind-wave tank od IRPHE to study the wind effect on the generation of
freak waves. A suitable theory is presented to explain and discuss the
experimental results


title: Quasi-static non-linear characteristics of double-reed instruments

abstract:
  This article proposes a characterisation of the double-reed in quasi-static
regimes. The non-linear relation between the pressure drop $\Delta p$ in the
double-reed and the volume flow crossing it $q$ is measured for slow variations
of these variables. The volume flow is determined from the pressure drop in a
diaphragm replacing the instrument's bore. Measurements are compared to other
experimental results on reed instrument exciters and to physical models,
revealing that clarinet, oboe and bassoon quasi-static behavior relies on
similar working principles. Differences in the experimental results are
interpreted in terms of pressure recovery due to the conical diffuser role of
the downstream part of double-reed mouthpieces (the staple).


title: Compton-Energy Scale of Friction Quantization

abstract:
  Numerous different experiments by the author, approaching nearly two decades
of study, point strongly toward the possibility that friction operates around a
mesoscale quantum of energy having the value 11 pJ.


title: Fast Computation of Voigt Functions via Fourier Transforms

abstract:
  This work presents a method of computing Voigt functions and their
derivatives, to high accuracy, on a uniform grid. It is based on an adaptation
of Fourier-transform based convolution. The relative error of the result
decreases as the fourth power of the computational effort. Because of its use
of highly vectorizable operations for its core, it can be implemented very
efficiently in scripting language environments which provide fast vector
libraries. The availability of the derivatives makes it suitable as a function
generator for non-linear fitting procedures.


title: Inverse cubic law of index fluctuation distribution in Indian markets

abstract:
  One of the principal statistical features characterizing the activity in
financial markets is the distribution of fluctuations in market indicators such
as the index. While the developed stock markets, e.g., the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) have been found to show heavy-tailed return distribution with a
characteristic power-law exponent, the universality of such behavior has been
debated, particularly in regard to emerging markets. Here we investigate the
distribution of several indices from the Indian financial market, one of the
largest emerging markets in the world. We have used tick-by-tick data from the
National Stock Exchange (NSE), as well as, daily closing data from both NSE and
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). We find that the cumulative distributions of index
returns have long tails consistent with a power-law having exponent \alpha
\approx 3, at time-scales of both 1 min and 1 day. This ``inverse cubic law''
is quantitatively similar to what has been observed in developed markets,
thereby providing strong evidence of universality in the behavior of market
fluctuations.


title:
Advances in ion back-flow reduction in cascaded gaseous electron
  multipliers incorporating R-MHSP elements

abstract:
  A new concept is presented for the reduction of ion back-flow in GEM-based
cascaded gaseous electron multipliers, by incorporating Micro-Hole & Strip
Plate (MHSP) elements operating in reversed-bias mode (R-MHSP). About an order
of magnitude reduction in ion back-flow is achieved by diverting back-drifting
ions from their original path. A R-MHSP/2GEM/MHSP cascaded multiplier operated
at total gain of ~1.5*10^5 yielded ion back-flow fractions of 0.0015 and
0.0004, at drift fields of 0.5 and 0.1 kV/cm, respectively. A 2R-MHSP/MHSP
cascaded multiplier operated at a total gain of ~10^5, yielded an ion back-flow
fraction of 0.003. We discuss the concept for trapping back-flowing ions in
these cascaded multipliers and the relevance to gaseous photomultiplier and TPC
applications; directions for further future developments are outlined.


title: Sagnac effect in resonant microcavities

abstract:
  The Sagnac effect in two dimensional (2D) resonant microcavities is studied
theoretically and numerically. The frequency shift due to the Sagnac effect
occurs as a threshold phenomenon for the angular velocity in a rotating
microcavity. Above the threshold, the eigenfunctions of a rotating microcavity
become rotating waves while they are standing waves below the threshold.


title: Creating a universe from thermodynamic thought experiments I

abstract:
  We describe a thought experiment using an isolated system of known parameters
and assuming the correctness of Clausius and Boltzmann descriptions of entropy.
The experiment produced an astronomical increase in the number of possible ways
the system can be arranged and inescapably in achieving this, an increase in
the compartment volume of the system. The result may possibly be of
significance to cosmology.


title:
The geometric calibration of cone-beam imaging and delivery systems in
  radiation therapy

abstract:
  We propose a method to achieve the geometric calibration of cone-beam imaging
and delivery systems in radiation therapy; our approach applies to devices
where an X-ray source and a flat-panel detector, facing each other, move in
circular orbits around the irradiated object. In order to extract the
parameters of the geometry from the data, we use a light needle phantom which
is easy to manufacture. A model with ten free parameters (spatial lengths and
distortion angles) has been put forth to describe the geometry and the
mechanical imperfections of the units being calibrated; a few additional
parameters are introduced to account for residual effects (small effects which
lie beyond our model). The values of the model parameters are determined from
one complete scan of the needle phantom via a robust optimisation scheme. The
application of this method to two sets of five counterclockwise (ccw) and five
clockwise (cw) scans yielded consistent and reproducible results. A number of
differences have been observed between the ccw and cw scans, suggesting a
dissimilar behaviour of the devices calibrated in the two rotation modes. The
description of the geometry of the devices was achieved at the sub-pixel level.


title: An Approach to Relate the Weak and Gravitational Interactions

abstract:
  Stemming from simple postulates of nondecelerative nature of the universe
expansion and Vaidya metric application, the paper offers some dependences and
relations between the gravity and weak interactions. It presents a mode of
independent determination of the mass of vector bosons Z and W, and it derives
the time of separation of electromagnetic and weak interactions. Comparisons of
theoretically derived and experimentally obtained data indicate the relevancy
of the used mode and provide a hint for further investigation.


title:
Phase separation of bacterial colonies in a limit of high degradation.
  Analogy with Jupiter's great red spot

abstract:
  We discuss the structure of the equilibrium states of a regularized
Keller-Segel model describing the chemotaxis of bacterial populations. We
consider the limit of high degradation of the secreted chemical where
analytical results can be obtained. Below a critical effective temperature, the
system experiences a second order phase transition from a homogeneous phase to
an inhomogeneous phase formed by two domains with uniform concentration
separated by a thin interface (domain wall). We study the properties of the
interface and determine the bifurcation between a circular shape (spot) and a
stripe as a function of the control parameters. We show the analogy with the
structure of Jupiter's Great red spot which also consists of two phases with
uniform potential vorticity separated by a thin annular jet.


title:
The dual-gain mode: a way to enhance the dynamic range of X-ray
  detectors

abstract:
  Varian Medical Systems has manufactured and recently put into operation a
clinically-applicable solution for image-guided radiation therapy. Cone-beam CT
imaging, one of the operation modes of the imaging unit of this device, aims at
high-quality volumetric reconstruction. To boost the image quality, the
dual-gain mode, a successful means for enhancing the dynamic range of the
flat-panel detectors and obtaining better results in the contrast of the
reconstructed image, was developed and successfully tested during the last few
years. The important steps in the calibration of this mode involve a correction
to the pulse widths associated with the X-ray production, the assessment of the
detector signal above which nonlinear effects become significant and the
determination of some properties of the detector pixels, namely, of dark
fields, flatness corrections, etc. Finally, the defect-pixel map is obtained,
containing dead and flickering pixels, as well as pixels with properties which
are sufficiently `out of range'. An effect observed in the offset correction of
raw images seems to originate in the mismatch between the measured and
extrapolated values of the dark field; a correction scheme is proposed to take
account of this effect. In the data processing, which is achieved on the basis
of the files produced in the calibration of the mode, the high-gain signal is
used whenever meaningful; otherwise, it is substituted by the low-gain signal,
properly scaled. Defect pixels are interpolated from their good neighbours; a
procedure achieving a correction in case of small defect-pixel clusters is
outlined.


title:
The Evolution of Interdependence in World Equity Markets - Evidence from
  Minimum Spanning Trees

abstract:
  The minimum spanning tree is used to study the process of market integration
for a large group of national stock market indices. We show how the asset tree
evolves over time and describe the dynamics of its normalized length, mean
occupation layer, and single- and multiple-step linkage survival rates. Over
the period studied, 1997-2006, the tree shows a tendency to become more
compact. This implies that global equity markets are increasingly interrelated.
The consequence for global investors is a potential reduction of the benefits
of international portfolio diversification.


title: Error study of CERN Linac 4

abstract:
  LINAC 4 is a normal conducting H- structure proposed to intensify the proton
flux currently available for the CERN accelerator chain. This linac is designed
to accelerate a 65 mA beam up to 160 MeV to be injected into the CERN Proton
Synchrotron Booster. The acceleration is performed up to 3 MeV by a
Radio-Frequency Quadrupole resonating at 352 MHz followed by a serie of two
drift tube systems (conventional Alvarez and Cell Coupled Drift Tube Linac)
boosting the beam up to 90 MeV at 352 MHz and finished by a Side Coupled Linac
at 704 MHz. Beam dynamics was studied and optimized performing end-to-end
simulations. Robustness of this design was verified by modelling machine
errors. This paper presents the results of this error study.


title:
The dual-dose imaging technique: a way to enhance the dynamic range of
  X-ray detectors

abstract:
  We describe a method aiming at increasing the dynamic range of X-ray
detectors. Two X-ray exposures of an object are acquired at different dose
levels and constitute the only input data. The values of the parameters which
are needed to process these images are determined from information contained in
the images themselves; the values of two parameters are extracted from the
input data. The two input images are finally merged in such a way as to create
one image containing useful information in all its entirety. This selective use
of parts of each image allows both the contour of the irradiated object to be
visible and the high-attenuation areas to retain their image quality
corresponding to the information contained in the high-dose image. The benefits
of the method are demonstrated with an example involving a head phantom.


title: Statistical simulations of machine errors for LINAC4

abstract:
  LINAC 4 is a normal conducting H- linac proposed at CERN to provide a higher
proton flux to the CERN accelerator chain. It should replace the existing LINAC
2 as injector to the Proton Synchrotron Booster and can also operate in the
future as the front end of the SPL, a 3.5 GeV Superconductingg Proton Linac.
LINAC 4 consists of a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole, a chopper line, a Drift Tube
Linac (DTL) and a Cell Coupled DTL all operating at 352 MHz and finally a Side
Coupled Linac at 704 MHz. Beam dynamics was studied and optimized performing
end-to-end simulations. This paper presents statistical simulations of machine
errors which were performed in order to validate the proposed design.


title:
On the role of the Jeffreys'sheltering mechanism in the sustain of
  extreme water waves

abstract:
  The effect of the wind on the sustain of extreme water waves is investigated
experimentally and numerically. A series of experiments conducted in the Large
Air-Sea Interactions Facility (LASIF) showed that a wind blowing over a
strongly nonlinear short wave group due to the linear focusing of a modulated
wave train may increase the life time of the extreme wave event. The expriments
suggested that the air flow separation that occurs on the leeward side of the
steep crests may sustain longer the maximum of modulation of the
focusing-defocusing cycle. Based on a Boundary-Integral Equation Method and a
pressure distribution over the steep crests given by the Jeffreys'sheltering
theory, similar numerical simulations have confirmed the experimental results


title: The EEE Project

abstract:
  The new experiment ``Extreme Energy Events'' (EEE) to detect extensive air
showers through muon detection is starting in Italy. The use of particle
detectors based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) will allow to
determine with a very high accuracy the direction of the axis of cosmic ray
showers initiated by primaries of ultra-high energy, together with a high
temporal resolution. The installation of many of such 'telescopes' in numerous
High Schools scattered all over the Italian territory will also allow to
investigate coincidences between multiple primaries producing distant showers.
Here we present the experimental apparatus and its tasks.


title: Beam interactions in one-dimensional saturable waveguide arrays

abstract:
  The interaction between two parallel beams in one-dimensional discrete
saturable systems has been investigated using lithium niobate nonlinear
waveguide arrays. When the beams are separated by one channel and in-phase it
is possible to observe soliton fusion at low power levels. This new result is
confirmed numerically. By increasing the power, soliton-like propagation of
weakly-coupled beams occurs. When the beams are out-of-phase the most
interesting result is the existence of oscillations which resemble the recently
discovered Tamm oscillations.


title: Collapsing Solutions of the Maxwell Equations

abstract:
  We derive the essential space-time spectrum of the Maxwell equations in
linear isotropic inhomogeneous media together with the corresponding essential
modes. These modes represent the collapse of the electromagnetic field into a
single point in space at a single angular frequency. The location and frequency
of the essential mode are random variables obeying the Born statistical
postulate.


title: Period measurement by accelerating observers

abstract:
  We consider the problem of the period measurement in the case of the
following scenarios: stationary source of successive light signals and
accelerating receiver, stationary receiver and accelerating source of
successive light signals and stationary machine gun that fires successive
bullets received by an accelerating receiver. The accelerated motion is the
hyperbolic one.


title:
On the relation between structural diversity and geographical distance
  among languages: observations and computer simulations

abstract:
  The recent availability of larger typological databases such as Haspelmath et
al. (2005) has brought the linguistics community closer to having a solid,
empirical foundation for making actual claims about prehistoric migrations,
deep genealogical relationship, and patterns of areal linguistic interaction.
Nevertheless, still more data are needed, and more than anything a number of
methodological problems need to be adressed. These problems, which are the
focus of this paper. These questions will be addressed from two perspectives.
The first perspective is an empirical one, where observations primarily derive
from analyses of the data of Haspelmath et al. (2005). The second perspective
is a computational one, where simulations are drawn upon to test the effects of
different parameters on the development of structural linguistic diversity. The
results suggest that there is indeed some hope that we may derive new empirical
insights regarding linguistic prehistory by drawing upon typological data. We
do not, however, make any specific empirical claims in this paper, but instead
concentrate our efforts on methodology


title: Light propagation in nanorod arrays

abstract:
  We study propagation of TM- and TE-polarized light in two-dimensional arrays
of silver nanorods of various diameters in a gelatin background. We calculate
the transmittance, reflectance and absorption of arranged and disordered
nanorod arrays and compare the exact numerical results with the predictions of
the Maxwell-Garnett effective-medium theory. We show that interactions between
nanorods, multipole contributions and formations of photonic gaps affect
strongly the transmittance spectra that cannot be accounted for in terms of the
conventional effective-medium theory. We also demonstrate and explain the
degradation of the transmittance in arrays with randomly located rods as well
as weak influence of their fluctuating diameter. For TM modes we outline the
importance of skin-effect, which causes the full reflection of the incoming
light. We then illustrate the possibility of using periodic arrays of nanorods
as high-quality polarizers.


title: Eco - No(?) - Physics - comments and reflexions -

abstract:
  How can econophysics contribute to economics? Since the relation between
basic principles of physics and economics is not established, there is no
reason why physical theories should be of any value for economic theory. While
economic theories leave the physicists largely without orientation in this
field, econo-physicists should orient themselves at concrete problems from
economic practice rather than from economic academics. Thereby physicists
should respect the lead of economists. This then also puts physics closer to
econometrics. Then the natural strength of physics in dealing with empirical
data as the fundamental basis for its research could be valuable for both,
theory as well as for applications in economics.


title: A Radio-Frequency Atom Chip for Guiding Neutral Atoms

abstract:
  We propose two kinds of wire configurations fabricated on an atom chip
surface for creating two-dimensional (2D) adiabatic rf guide with an
inhomogeneous rf magnetic field and a homogenous dc magnetic field. The guiding
state can be selected by changing the detuning between the frequency of rf
magnetic field and the resonance frequency of two Zeeman sublevels. We also
discuss the optimization of loading efficiency and the trap depth and how to
decide proper construction when designing an rf atom chip.


title:
Time resolved quantum dynamics of double ionization in strong laser
  fields

abstract:
  Quantum calculations of a 1+1-dimensional model for double ionization in
strong laser fields are used to trace the time evolution from the ground state
through ionization and rescattering to the two electron escape. The subspace of
symmetric escape, a prime characteristic of nonsequential double ionization,
remains accessible by a judicious choice of 1-d coordinates for the electrons.
The time resolved ionization fluxes show the onset of single and double
ionization, the sequence of events during the pulse, and the influences of
pulse duration, and reveal the relative importance of sequential and
non-sequential double ionization, even when ionization takes place during the
same field cycle.


title: DAFNE Experience with Negative Momentum Compaction

abstract:
  There are several potential advantages for a collider operation with a
lattice with negative momentum compaction factor (alfa). Since the lattice of
the Frascati e+e- Phi-factory DAFNE is flexible enough to provide collider
operation even with alfa < 0, we have exploited this possibility for an
experimental study of the beam dynamics. The negative momentum compaction
lattices have been successfully implemented and stable 1 A currents have been
stored in both electron and positron rings without any problem for RF cavities
and feedback systems operation. First collisions have been tested at low
currents. In this paper we describe the experimental results and compare them
with expectations and numerical simulations. Present limitations to DAFNE
operation with alfa < 0 and ways to overcome them are also discussed.


title: 1-Density Operators and Algebraic Version of The Hohenberg-Kohn Theorem

abstract:
  Interrelation of the Coleman's representabilty theory for 1-density operators
and abstract algebraic form of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem is studied in detail.
Convenient realization of the Hohenberg-Kohn set of classes of 1-electron
operators and the Coleman's set of ensemble representable 1-density operators
is presented. Dependence of the Hohenberg-Kohn class structure on the boundary
properties of the ground state 1-density operator is established and is
illustrated on concrete simple examples. Algorithm of restoration of many
electron determinant ensembles from a given 1-density diagonal is described.
Complete description of the combinatorial structure of Coleman's polyhedrons is
obtained.


title:
An efficient algorithm simulating a macroscopic system at the critical
  point

abstract:
  It is well known that conventional simulation algorithms are inefficient for
the statistical description of macroscopic systems exactly at the critical
point due to the divergence of the corresponding relaxation time (critical
slowing down). On the other hand the dynamics in the order parameter space is
simplified significantly in this case due to the onset of self-similarity in
the associated fluctuation patterns. As a consequence the effective action at
the critical point obtains a very simple form. In the present work we show that
this simplified action can be used in order to simulate efficiently the
statistical properties of a macroscopic system exactly at the critical point.
Using the proposed algorithm we generate an ensemble of configurations
resembling the characteristic fractal geometry of the critical system related
to the self-similar order parameter fluctuations. As an example we simulate the
one-component real scalar field theory at the transition point $T=T_c$ as a
representative system belonging to the $3-D$ Ising universality class.


title: Two-dimensional multi-pole solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media

abstract:
  We present the experimental observation of scalar multi-pole solitons in
highly nonlocal nonlinear media, including dipole-, tri-pole, quadru-pole, and
necklace-type solitons, organized as arrays of out-of-phase bright spots. These
complex solitons are meta-stable, but with a large parameters range where the
instability is weak, enabling their experimental observation.


title:
Inner-shell excitation of open-shell atoms: A spin-dependent localized
  Hartree-Fock density-functional calculation

abstract:
  The spin-dependent localized Hartree-Fock (SLHF) density-functional approach
is extended to the treatment of the inner-shell excited-state calculation of
open-shell atomic systems. In this approach, the electron spin-orbitals in an
electronic configuration are obtained by solving Kohn-Sham (KS) equation with
SLHF exchange potential and the Slater's diagonal sum rule is used to evaluate
the multiplet energy of an inner-shell excited state from the
single-Slater-determinant energies of the electronic configurations involved.
This approach together with the correlation potentials and energy functionals
proposed by Perdew and Wang's (PW) or Lee, Yang, and Parr's (LYP) have been
used to calculate the total and excitation energies of inner-shell excited
states of open-shell atomic systems: Li, B, Ne^+, Ne^{2+}, Ne^{3+}, and Na. The
results with the PW and LYP energy functionals are in overall good agreement
with each other and also with available experimental and other ab initio
theoretical data. Some new results for highly excited inner-shell states are
presented.


title:
Mechanical effect of van der Waals interactions observed in real time in
  an ultracold Rydberg gas

abstract:
  We present time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of Rydberg-Rydberg
interactions in an ultracold gas, revealing the pair dynamics induced by
long-range van der Waals interactions between the atoms. By detuning the
excitation laser, a specific pair distribution is prepared. Penning ionization
on a microsecond timescale serves as a probe for the pair dynamics under the
influence of the attractive long-range forces. Comparison with a Monte Carlo
model not only explains all spectroscopic features but also gives quantitative
information about the interaction potentials. The results imply that the
interaction-induced ionization rate can be influenced by the excitation laser.
Surprisingly, interaction-induced ionization is also observed for Rydberg
states with purely repulsive interactions.


title: Falling of a viscous jet onto a moving surface

abstract:
  We analyze the stationary flow of a jet of Newtonian fluid that is drawn by
gravity onto a moving surface. The situation is modeled by a third-order ODE on
a domain of unknown length and with an additional integral condition; by
solving part of the equation explicitly we can reformulate the problem as a
first-order ODE, again with an integral constraint. We show that there are two
flow regimes, and characterize the associated regions in the three-dimensional
parameter space in terms of an easily calculable quantity. In a qualitative
sense the results from the model are found to correspond with experimental
observations.


title:
Statistical analysis of time-resolved emission from ensembles of
  semiconductor quantum dots: interpretation of exponential decay models

abstract:
  We present a statistical analysis of time-resolved spontaneous emission decay
curves from ensembles of emitters, such as semiconductor quantum dots, with the
aim to interpret ubiquitous non-single-exponential decay. Contrary to what is
widely assumed, the density of excited emitters and the intensity in an
emission decay curve are not proportional, but the density is a time-integral
of the intensity. The integral relation is crucial to correctly interpret
non-single-exponential decay. We derive the proper normalization for both a
discrete, and a continuous distribution of rates, where every decay component
is multiplied with its radiative decay rate. A central result of our paper is
the derivation of the emission decay curve in case that both radiative and
non-radiative decays are independently distributed. In this case, the
well-known emission quantum efficiency can not be expressed by a single number
anymore, but it is also distributed. We derive a practical description of
non-single-exponential emission decay curves in terms of a single distribution
of decay rates; the resulting distribution is identified as the distribution of
total decay rates weighted with the radiative rates. We apply our analysis to
recent examples of colloidal quantum dot emission in suspensions and in
photonic crystals, and we find that this important class of emitters is well
described by a log-normal distribution of decay rates with a narrow and a broad
distribution, respectively. Finally, we briefly discuss the Kohlrausch
stretched-exponential model, and find that its normalization is ill-defined for
emitters with a realistic quantum efficiency of less than 100 %.


title:
1/f noise from the coincidences of similar single-sided random telegraph
  signals

abstract:
  In this paper it is demonstrated that 1/f power spectrum appears in the
process originated by the superposition of many single-sided random telegraph
signals (RTS or RTN) with the same amplitude, probability and relaxation time.
Indeed, the coincidences of these RTSs generate self-organizing fluctuations
which are responsible for the generation of 1/f noise under various aspects.
The accord of the exposed model with other models and with various experimental
results is displayed.


title: Self-Similarity in Decaying Two-Dimensional Stably Stratified Adjustment

abstract:
  The evolution of large-scale density perturbations is studied in a stably
stratified, two-dimensional flow governed by the Boussinesq equations. As is
known, intially smooth density (or temperature) profiles develop into fronts in
the very early stages of evolution. This results in a frontally dominated
$k^{-1}$ potential energy spectrum. The fronts, initially characterized by a
relatively simple geometry, spontaneously develop into severely distorted
sheets that possess structure at very fine scales, and thus there is a transfer
of energy from large to small scales. It is shown here that this process
culminates in the establishment of a $k^{-5/3}$ kinetic energy spectrum,
although its scaling extends over a shorter range as compared to the $k^{-1}$
scaling of the potential energy spectrum. The establishment of the kinetic
energy scaling signals the onset of enstrophy decay which proceeds in a mildly
modulated exponential manner and possesses a novel self-similarity.
Specifically, the self-similarity is seen in the time invariant nature of the
probability density function (\pdf{}) associated with the normalized vorticity
field. Given the rapid decay of energy at this stage, the spectral scaling is
transient and fades with the emergence of a smooth, large-scale, very slowly
decaying, (almost) vertically sheared horizontal mode with most of its energy
in the potential component -- i.e. the Pearson-Linden regime.


title: A Global Algorithm for Training Multilayer Neural Networks

abstract:
  We present a global algorithm for training multilayer neural networks in this
Letter. The algorithm is focused on controlling the local fields of neurons
induced by the input of samples by random adaptations of the synaptic weights.
Unlike the backpropagation algorithm, the networks may have discrete-state
weights, and may apply either differentiable or nondifferentiable neural
transfer functions. A two-layer network is trained as an example to separate a
linearly inseparable set of samples into two categories, and its powerful
generalization capacity is emphasized. The extension to more general cases is
straightforward.


title:
Intensity Moments of a Laser Beam Formed by Superposition of
  Hermite-Gaussian Modes

abstract:
  Expressions are obtained for the Wigner function moments of a paraxial light
beam represented by arbitrary coherent superposition of Hermite-Gaussian beams
with plane wave fronts. Possibilities are discussed for application of the
obtained results to modeling real laser beams and to design of optical systems
implementing prescribed transformations of a beam transverse structure.


title: Special relativity from a single scenario using the same strategy

abstract:
  Following an approach proposed by Rosser for deriving the transformation
equations of volume charge density and current density we derive the
transformation equations for the space-time coordinates of the same event, for
the mass and the momentum of the same particle and for the electric and the
magnetic field generated by the same distribution of electric charges.


title: Towards Earth AntineutRino TomograpHy (EARTH)

abstract:
  The programme Earth AntineutRino TomograpHy (EARTH) proposes to build ten
underground facilities each hosting a telescope. Each telescope consists of
many detector modules, to map the radiogenic heat sources deep in the interior
of the Earth by utilising direction sensitive geoneutrino detection. Recent
hypotheses target the core-mantle boundary (CMB) as a major source of natural
radionuclides and therefore of radiogenic heat. A typical scale of the
processes that take place at the CMB is about 200km. To observe these processes
from the surface requires an angular resolution of about 3 degrees. EARTH aims
at creating a high-resolution 3D-map of the radiogenic heat sources in the
interior of the Earth. It will thereby contribute to a better understanding of
a number of geophysical phenomena observed at the surface of the Earth. This
condition requires a completely different approach from the monolithic detector
systems as e.g. KamLAND.
  This paper presents, for such telescopes, the boundary conditions set by
physics, the estimated count rates, and the first initial results from Monte
Carlo simulations and laboratory experiments. The Monte Carlo simulations
indicate that the large volume telescope should consist of detector modules
each comprising a very large number of detector units, with a cross section of
roughly a few square centimetres. The signature of an antineutrino event will
be a double pulse event. One pulse arises from the slowing down of the emitted
positron, the other from the neutron capture. In laboratory experiments small
sized, 10B-loaded liquid scintillation detectors were investigated as
candidates for direction sensitive, low-energy antineutrino detection.


title:
Implications for cognitive quantum computation and decoherence limits in
  the presence of large extra dimensions

abstract:
  An interdisciplinary physical theory of emergent consciousness has previously
been proposed, stemming from quantum computation-like behavior between 10^9 or
more entangled molecular qubit states (microtubulin). This model relies on the
Penrose-Diosi gravity-driven wavefunction collapse framework, and thus is
subject to any secondary classical and quantum gravity effects. Specifically,
if large extra spatial dimensions exist in the Universe, then the resulting
corrections to Newtonian gravity cause this model to suffer serious
difficulties. It is shown that if the extra dimensions are larger than 100 fm
in size, then this model of consciousness is unphysical. If the dimensions are
on the order of 10 fm in size, then a significantly smaller number of
microtubulin than originally predicted are required to satisfy experimental
constraints. Some speculation on evolution of consciousness is also offered,
based on the possibility that the size of these extra dimensions may have been
changing over the history of the Universe.


title: A Home Experiment in Elasticity

abstract:
  We analyze a simple problem in elasticity: the \emph{initial} motion of an
elastic bar that after being hanged from an end is suddenly released. In a
second problem a point mass is attached on the top of the bar. The analytical
solutions uncover some unexpected properties, which can be checked, with a
digital camera or camcorder, in an alternative setup in which a spring is
substituted for the bar. The theoretical model and the experiments are useful
to understand the similarities and differences between the elastic properties
of bar and spring. Students can take advantage of the home experiments to
improve their understanding of elastic waves.


title:
Coupled-mode theory for stimulated Raman scattering in high-Q/Vm silicon
  photonic band gap defect cavity lasers

abstract:
  We demonstrate the dynamics of stimulated Raman scattering in designed
high-Q/Vm silicon photonic band gap nanocavities through the coupled-mode
theory framework towards optically-pumped silicon lasing. The interplay of
other chi(3) effects such as two-photon absorption and optical Kerr, related
free-carrier dynamics, thermal effects, as well as linear losses such as cavity
radiation and linear material absorption are included and investigated
numerically. Our results clarify the relative contributions and evolution of
the mechanisms, and demonstrate the lasing and shutdown thresholds. Our studies
illustrate the conditions for continuous-wave and pulsed highly-efficient Raman
frequency conversion to be practically realized in monolithic silicon high-Q/Vm
photonic band gap defect cavities.


title: Heat Hyperbolic Diffusion in Planck Gas

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate the diffusion of the thermal pulse in Planck
Gas. We show that the Fourier diffusion equation gives the speed of diffusion,
v > c and breaks the causality of the thermal processes in Planck gas .For
hyperbolic heat transport v<c and causality is valid


title: Non-equilibrium dynamics of language games on complex networks

abstract:
  The Naming Game is a model of non-equilibrium dynamics for the self-organized
emergence of a linguistic convention or a communication system in a population
of agents with pairwise local interactions. We present an extensive study of
its dynamics on complex networks, that can be considered as the most natural
topological embedding for agents involved in language games and opinion
dynamics. Except for some community structured networks on which metastable
phases can be observed, agents playing the Naming Game always manage to reach a
global consensus. This convergence is obtained after a time generically scaling
with the population's size $N$ as $t\_{conv} \sim N^{1.4 \pm 0.1}$, i.e. much
faster than for agents embedded on regular lattices. Moreover, the memory
capacity required by the system scales only linearly with its size. Particular
attention is given to heterogenous networks, in which the dynamical activity
pattern of a node depends on its degree. High degree nodes have a fundamental
role, but require larger memory capacity. They govern the dynamics acting as
spreaders of (linguistic) conventions. The effects of other properties, such as
the average degree and the clustering, are also discussed.


title: Low-distortion slow light using two absorption resonances

abstract:
  We consider group delay and broadening using two strongly absorbing and
widely spaced resonances. We derive relations which show that very large pulse
bandwidths coupled with large group delays and small broadening can be
achieved. Unlike single resonance systems, the dispersive broadening dominates
the absorptive broadening which leads to a dramatic increase in the possible
group delay. We show that the double resonance systems are excellent candidates
for realizing all-optical delay lines. We report on an experiment which
achieved up to 50 pulse delays with 40% broadening.


title: The vacuum impedance and unit systems

abstract:
  In electromagnetism, the vacuum impedance $Z_0$ is a universal constant,
which is as important as the velocity of light $c$ in vacuum. Unfortunately,
however, its significance does not seem to be appreciated so well and sometimes
the presence itself is ignored. It is partly because in the Gaussian system of
units, which has widely been used for long time, $Z_0$ is a dimensionless
constant and of unit magnitude. In this paper, we clarify that $Z_0$ is a
fundamental parameter in electromagnetism and plays major roles in the
following scenes: reorganizing the structure of the electromagnetic formula in
reference to the relativity; renormalizing the quantities toward natural unit
systems starting from the SI unit system; and defining the magnitudes of
electromagnetic units.


title:
Pseudoscopic imaging in a double diffraction process with a slit:
  critical point properties

abstract:
  Pseudoscopic (inverted depth) images that keep a continuous parallax were
shown to be possible by use of a double diffraction process intermediated by a
slit. One diffraction grating directing light to the slit acts as a wavelength
encoder of views, while a second diffraction grating decodes the projected
image. The process results in the enlargement of the image under common white
light illumination up to infinite magnification at a critical point. We show
that this point corresponds to another simple-symmetry object-observer system.
Our treatment allows us to explain the experience by just dealing with main ray
directions.


title: Pseudoscopic imaging in a double diffraction process with a slit

abstract:
  Pseudoscopic images that keep the continuous parallax are shown to be
possible due to a double diffraction process intermediated by a slit. One
diffraction grating acts as a wavelength encoder of views while a second
diffraction grating decodes the projected image. The process results in the
enlargement of the image under common white light illumination.


title: Frequency Quantized Nondiffracting X Waves in a Confined Space

abstract:
  This paper presents theoretical results indicating that newly discovered
nondiffracting beams we call X waves, can propagate in a confined space (wave
guide) with specific quantized temporal frequencies. These results could have
applications in nondispersive transmission of acoustic, electromagnetic
(microwaves) and optical energy through wave guides as well as provide new
localized wave functions of de Broglie waves in quantum mechanics.


title: A Note on the Regularity of Inviscid Shell Model of Turbulence

abstract:
  In this paper we continue the analytical study of the sabra shell model of
energy turbulent cascade initiated in \cite{CLT05}. We prove the global
existence of weak solutions of the inviscid sabra shell model, and show that
these solutions are unique for some short interval of time. In addition, we
prove that the solutions conserve the energy, provided that the components of
the solution satisfy $|{u_n}| \le C k_n^{-1/3} (\sqrt{n} \log(n+1))^{-1}$, for
some positive absolute constant $C$, which is the analogue of the Onsager's
conjecture for the Euler's equations. Moreover, we give a Beal-Kato-Majda type
criterion for the blow-up of solutions of the inviscid sabra shell model and
show the global regularity of the solutions in the ``two-dimensional''
parameters regime.


title:
Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation, Zeeman and hyperfine relaxation of
  potassium atoms in a paraffin-coated cell

abstract:
  Nonlinear magneto-optical Faraday rotation (NMOR) on the potassium D1 and D2
lines was used to study Zeeman relaxation rates in an antirelaxation
paraffin-coated 3-cm diameter potassium vapor cell. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation
rates of $\gamma^{NMOR}/2\pi=2.0(6) {\rm Hz}$ were observed. The relatively
small hyperfine intervals in potassium lead to significant differences in NMOR
in potassium compared to rubidium and cesium. Using laser optical pumping,
widths and frequency shifts were also determined for transitions between
ground-state hyperfine sublevels of $^{39}$K atoms contained in the same
paraffin-coated cell. The intrinsic hyperfine relaxation rate of
$\gamma^{hf}_{expt}/2\pi = 10.6(7) $Hz and a shift of $-9.1(2) $Hz were
observed. These results show that adiabatic relaxation gives only a small
contribution to the overall hyperfine relaxation in the case of potassium, and
the relaxation is dominated by other mechanisms similar to those observed in
previous studies with rubidium.


title: FERM3D: A finite element R-matrix electron molecule scattering code

abstract:
  FERM3D is a three-dimensional finite element program, for the elastic
scattering of a low energy electron from a general polyatomic molecule, which
is converted to a potential scattering problem. The code is based on tricubic
polynomials in spherical coordinates. The electron-molecule interaction is
treated as a sum of three terms: electrostatic, exchange. and polarisation. The
electrostatic term can be extracted directly from ab initio codes
({\sc{GAUSSIAN 98}} in the work described here), while the exchange term is
approximated using a local density functional. A local polarisation potential
based on density functional theory [C. Lee, W. Yang and R. G. Parr, {Phys. Rev.
B} {37}, (1988) 785] describes the long range attraction to the molecular
target induced by the scattering electron. Photoionisation calculations are
also possible and illustrated in the present work. The generality and
simplicity of the approach is important in extending electron-scattering
calculations to more complex targets than it is possible with other methods.


title: Radiation damage to DNA: electron scattering from the backbone subunits

abstract:
  In the context of damage to DNA by low-energy electrons, we carry out
calculations of electron scattering from tetrahydrofuran and phosphoric acid,
models of the subunits in the DNA backbone, as a first step in simulating the
electron capture process that occurs in the cell. In the case of
tetrahydrofuran, we also compare with previous theoretical and experimental
data. A comparison of the shape of the resonant structures to virtual orbitals
is also performed to gain insight into the systematic connections with electron
scattering from similar molecules and dissociative electron attachment
experiments.


title:
A Bayesian Mean-Value Approach with a Self-Consistently Determined Prior
  Distribution for the Ranking of College Football Teams

abstract:
  We introduce a Bayesian mean-value approach for ranking all college football
teams using only win-loss data. This approach is unique in that the prior
distribution necessary to handle undefeated and winless teams is calculated
self-consistently. Furthermore, we will show statistics supporting the validity
of the prior distribution. Finally, a brief comparison with other football
rankings will be presented.


title: Proposal for new experimental schemes to realize the Avogadro constant

abstract:
  We propose two experimental schemes to determine and so to realize the
Avogadro constant $N\_{A}$ at the level of 10$^{-7}$ or better with a watt
balance experiment and a cold atom experiment measuring $h/m(X)$ (where $h$ is
the Planck constant and $m(X)$ the mass of the atom $X$). We give some
prospects about achievable uncertainties and we discuss the opportunity to test
the existence of possible unknown correction factors for the Josephson effect
and quantum Hall effect.


title: New neutron detector based on Micromegas technology for ADS projects

abstract:
  A new neutron detector based on Micromegas technology has been developed for
the measurement of the simulated neutron spectrum in the ADS project. After the
presentation of simulated neutron spectra obtained in the interaction of 140
MeV protons with the spallation target inside the TRIGA core, a full
description of the new detector configuration is given. The advantage of this
detector compared to conventional neutron flux detectors and the results
obtained with the first prototype at the CELINA 14 MeV neutron source facility
at CEA-Cadarache are presented. The future developments of operational
Piccolo-Micromegas for fast neutron reactors are also described.


title: Aether Theory and the Principle of Relativity

abstract:
  This paper completes and comments on some aspects of our previous
publications. In ref [1], we have derived a set of space-time transformations
referred to as the extended space-time transformations. These transformations,
which assume the existence of a preferred aether frame and the variability of
the one-way speed of light in the other frames, are compared to the
Lorentz-Poincare transformations. We demonstrate that the extended
transformations can be converted into a set of equations that have a similar
mathematical form to the Lorentz-Poincare transformations, but which differ
from them in that they connect reference frames whose co-ordinates are altered
by the systematic unavoidable measurement distortions due to length contraction
and clock retardation and by the usual synchronization procedures, a fact that
the conventional approaches of relativity do not show. As a result, we confirm
that the relativity principle is not a fundamental principle of physics [i.e,
it does not rigorously apply in the physical world when the true co-ordinates
are used]. It is contingent but seems to apply provided that the distorted
coordinates are used. The apparent invariance of the speed of light also
results from the measurement distortions. The space-time transformations
relating experimental data, therefore, conceal hidden variables which deserved
to be disclosed for a deeper understanding of physics.


title:
Construction of a polarization insensitive lens from a quasi-isotropic
  metamaterial slab

abstract:
  We propose to employ the quasiisotropic metamaterial (QIMM) slab to construct
a polarization insensitive lens, in which both E- and H-polarized waves exhibit
the same refocusing effect. For shallow incident angles, the QIMM slab will
provide some degree of refocusing in the same manner as an isotropic negative
index material. The refocusing effect allows us to introduce the ideas of
paraxial beam focusing and phase compensation by the QIMM slab. On the basis of
angular spectrum representation, a formalism describing paraxial beams
propagating through a QIMM slab is presented. Because of the negative phase
velocity in the QIMM slab, the inverse Gouy phase shift and the negative
Rayleigh length of paraxial Gaussian beam are proposed. We find that the phase
difference caused by the Gouy phase shift in vacuum can be compensated by that
caused by the inverse Gouy phase shift in the QIMM slab. If certain matching
conditions are satisfied, the intensity and phase distributions at object plane
can be completely reconstructed at image plane. Our simulation results show
that the superlensing effect with subwavelength image resolution could be
achieved in the form of a QIMM slab.


title:
Three species of neutrinos Six flavors quarks and three gluons.
  (Consequences or coincidences?)

abstract:
  A linear real 4-dimensional space structured by Lorentz metric implies six
2-dimensional singular subspaces and three independent 1-dimensional subspaces
called radicals. If we consider meaningful to use them as representing six
quarks and three gluons, respectively, then antiquarcs and antigluons are
implicitly defined. Since Lorentz metric is not singular, the dual metric space
of X denoted in general by X* is well defined and follow the structure of X.
The peculiar properties of singular subspaces guaranty what we call
confinement. For precision, we define first what means free system using the
structure of X and X*and thereby how X are lodging six quarks and three gluons.


title: $\alpha^4$ Ry corrections to singlet states of helium

abstract:
  Corrections of order $\alpha^4$Ry are calculated for the singlet states
$1^1S_0$ and $2^1S_0$ of the helium atom. The result for $1^1S_0$ state is in
slight disagreement with that of Korobov and Yelkhovsky in [Phys. Rev. Lett.
{\bf 87}, 193003 (2001)]. The results obtained lead to a significant
improvement of transition frequencies between low lying levels of the helium
atom. In particular theoretical predictions for the $2^1S_0 - 1^1S_0$
transition are found to be in disagreement with experimental values.


title: Market Polarization in Presence of Individual Choice Volatility

abstract:
  Financial markets are subject to long periods of polarized behavior, such as
bull-market or bear-market phases, in which the vast majority of market
participants seem to almost exclusively choose one action (between buying or
selling) over the other. From the point of view of conventional economic
theory, such events are thought to reflect the arrival of ``external news''
that justifies the observed behavior. However, empirical observations of the
events leading up to such market phases, as well events occurring during the
lifetime of such a phase, have often failed to find significant correlation
between news from outside the market and the behavior of the agents comprising
the market. In this paper, we explore the alternative hypothesis that the
occurrence of such market polarizations are due to interactions amongst the
agents in the market, and not due to any influence external to it. In
particular, we present a model where the market (i.e., the aggregate behavior
of all the agents) is observed to become polarized even though individual
agents regularly change their actions (buy or sell) on a time-scale much
shorter than that of the market polarization phase.


title:
Ponderomotive scattering of an electron-bunch before injection into a
  laser wakefield

abstract:
  For the purpose of laser wakefield acceleration, it turned out that also the
injection of electron bunches longer than a plasma wavelength can generate
accelerated femtosecond bunches with relatively low energy spread. This is of
high interest because such injecting bunches can be provided, e.g., by
state-of-the-art photo cathode RF guns. Here we point out that when an e-bunch
is injected in the wakefield it is important to take into account the
ponderomotive scattering of the injecting bunch by the laser pulse in the
vacuum region located in front of the plasma. At low energies of the injected
bunch this scattering results in a significant drop of the collection
efficiency. Larger collection efficiency can by reached with lower intensity
laser pulses and relatively high injection energies. We also estimate the
minimum trapping energy for the injected electrons and the length of the
trapped bunch.


title: The Breakdown of Alfven's Theorem in Ideal Plasma Flows

abstract:
  This paper presents both rigorous results and physical theory on the
breakdown of magnetic flux conservation for ideal plasmas, by nonlinear
effects. Our analysis is based upon an effective equation for
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes at length-scales $>\ell,$ with smaller scales
eliminated, as in renormalization-group methodology. We prove that
flux-conservation can be violated for an arbitrarily small length-scale $\ell,$
and in the absence of any non-ideality, but only if singular current sheets and
vortex sheets both exist and intersect in sets of large enough dimension. This
result gives analytical support to and rigorous constraints on theories of fast
turbulent reconnection. Mathematically, our theorem is analogous to Onsager's
result on energy dissipation anomaly in hydrodynamic turbulence. As a physical
phenomenon, the breakdown of magnetic-flux conservation in ideal MHD is similar
to the decay of magnetic flux through a narrow superconducting ring, by
phase-slip of quantized flux lines. The effect should be observable both in
numerical MHD simulations and in laboratory plasma experiments at moderately
high magnetic Reynolds numbers.

categories: physics.plasm-ph astro-ph cond-mat.supr-con physics.space-ph


title:
Shape changes and motion of a vesicle in a fluid using a lattice
  Boltzmann model

abstract:
  We study the deformation and motion of an erythrocyte in fluid flows via a
lattice Boltzmann method. To this purpose, the bending rigidity and the elastic
modulus of isotropic dilation are introduced and incorporated with the lattice
Boltzmann simulation, and the membrane-flow interactions on both sides of the
membrane are carefully examined. We find that the static biconcave shape of an
erythrocyte is quite stable and can effectively resist the pathological changes
on their membrane. Further, our simulation results show that in shear flow, the
erythrocyte will be highly flattened and undergo tank tread-like motion. This
phenomenon has been observed by experiment very long time ago, but it has
feazed the boundary integral and singularity methods up to the present. Because
of its intrinsically parallel dynamics, this lattice Boltzmann method is
expected to find wide applications for both single and multi-vesicles
suspension as well as complex open membranes in various fluid flows for a wide
range of Reynolds numbers.


title:
Rogue decoherence in the formation of a macroscopic atom-molecule
  superposition

abstract:
  We theoretically examine two-color photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein
condensate, focusing on the role of rogue decoherence in the formation of
macroscopic atom-molecule superpositions. Rogue dissociation occurs when two
zero-momentum condensate atoms are photoassociated into a molecule, which then
dissociates into a pair of atoms of equal-and-opposite momentum, instead of
dissociating back to the zero-momentum condensate. As a source of decoherence
that may damp quantum correlations in the condensates, rogue dissociation is an
obstacle to the formation of a macroscopic atom-molecule superposition. We
study rogue decoherence in a setup which, without decoherence, yields a
macroscopic atom-molecule superposition, and find that the most favorable
conditions for said superposition are a density ~ 1e12 atoms per cc and
temperature ~ 1e-10.


title: Trend arbitrage, bid-ask spread and market dynamics

abstract:
  Microstructure of market dynamics is studied through analysis of tick price
data. Linear trend is introduced as a tool for such analysis. Trend arbitrage
inequality is developed and tested. The inequality sets limiting relationship
between trend, bid-ask spread, market reaction and average update frequency of
price information. Average time of market reaction is measured from market
data. This parameter is interpreted as a constant value of the stock exchange
and is attributed to the latency of exchange reaction to actions of traders.
This latency and cost of trade are shown to be the main limit of bid-ask
spread. Data analysis also suggests some relationships between trend, bid-ask
spread and average frequency of price update process.


title:
Symmetry of carrier-envelope phase difference effects in strong-field,
  few-cycle ionization of atoms and molecules

abstract:
  In few-cycle pulses, the exact value of the carrier-envelope phase difference
(CEPD) has a pronounced influence on the ionization dynamics of atoms and
molecules. We show that for atoms in circularly polarized light, a change in
the CEPD is mapped uniquely to an overall rotation of the system, and results
for arbitrary CEPD are obtained by rotation of the results from a single
calculation with fixed CEPD. For molecules this is true only for linear
molecules aligned parallel with the propagation direction of the field. The
effects of CEPD are classified as geometric or non-geometric. The observations
are exemplified by strong-field calculations on hydrogen.


title: Prospects in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

abstract:
  Tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption,
emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry) are considered. The
first three techniques are the most widespread and universal, with the best
sensitivity attributed to atomic mass spectrometry. In the direct elemental
analysis of solid samples, the leading roles are now conquered by laser-induced
breakdown and laser ablation mass spectrometry, and the related techniques with
transfer of the laser ablation products into inductively-coupled plasma.
Advances in design of diode lasers and optical parametric oscillators promote
developments in fluorescence and ionization spectrometry and also in absorption
techniques where uses of optical cavities for increased effective absorption
pathlength are expected to expand. Prospects for analytical instrumentation are
seen in higher productivity, portability, miniaturization, incorporation of
advanced software, automated sample preparation and transition to the
multifunctional modular architecture. Steady progress and growth in
applications of plasma- and laser-based methods are observed. An interest
towards the absolute (standardless) analysis has revived, particularly in the
emission spectrometry.


title:
What governs the fluidic behavior of water near single DNA molecules at
  the micro/nano scale

abstract:
  The fluidic behavior of water at the micro/nano scale is studied by using of
single DNA molecules as a model system. Stable curved DNA patterns with spans
about one micron were generated by using of water flows, and observed by Atomic
Force Microscopy. By rigorously comparing the numerical simulation results with
these patterns, it is suggested that the form of the macroscopic hydrodynamic
equation still works quantitatively well on the fluid flows at the nanoscale.
The molecular effects, however, are still apparent that the effective viscosity
of the adjacent water is considerably larger than its bulk value. Our
observation is also helpful to understand of the dynamics of biomolecules in
solutions from nanoscale to microscale.


title: The Falling Time of an Inverted Plane Pendulum

abstract:
  The article provides the formula for the calculation the falling time of
inverted pendulum. The result is expressed in terms of elliptic integrals of
first kind. The asymptotic formula for small initial inclination value is also
provided.


title: New Approach for the Electronic Energies of the Hydrogen Molecular Ion

abstract:
  Herein, we present analytical solutions for the electronic energy eigenvalues
of the hydrogen molecular ion H2+, namely the one-electron two-fixed-center
problem. These are given for the homonuclear case for the countable infinity of
discrete states when the magnetic quantum number m is zero. In this case, these
solutions are the roots of a set of two coupled three-term recurrence
relations. The eigensolutions are obtained from an application of EXPERIMENTAL
MATHEMATICS using Computer Algebra as its principal tool and are vindicated by
numerical and algebraic demonstrations. Finally, the mathematical nature of the
eigenenergies is identified. The eigenenergies are related to a generalization
of the Lambert W function.


title: Archetypes, Causal Description and Creativity in Natural World

abstract:
  The idea, formulated for the first time by Pauli, of a "creativity" of
natural processes on a quantum scale is briefly investigated, with particular
reference to the phenomena, common throughout the biological world, involved in
the amplification of microscopic "creative" events at macroscopic level. The
involvement of non-locality is also discussed with reference to the synordering
of events, a concept introduced for the first time by Bohm. Some convergences
are proposed between the metamorphic process envisaged by Bohm and that
envisaged by Goethe, and some possible applications concerning known biological
phenomena are briefly discussed.


title: Non-linear model equation for three-dimensional Bunsen flames

abstract:
  The non linear description of laminar premixed flames has been very
successful, because of the existence of model equations describing the dynamics
of these flames. The Michelson Sivashinsky equation is the most well known of
these equations, and has been used in different geometries, including
three-dimensional quasi-planar and spherical flames. Another interesting model,
usually known as the Frankel equation,which could in principle take into
account large deviations of the flame front, has been used for the moment only
for two-dimensional expanding and Bunsen flames. We report here for the first
time numerical solutions of this equation for three-dimensional flames.


title: Ultracold Rb-OH collisions and prospects for sympathetic cooling

abstract:
  We have computed ab inito cross sections for cold collisions of Rb atoms with
OH radicals. We predict collision rate constants of order 10^{-11} cm^3/s at
temperatures in the range 10-100 mK at which molecules have already been
produced experimentally. However, we also find that in these collisions the
molecules have a strong propensity for changing their internal state, which
could make sympathetic cooling of OH in a Rb buffer gas problematic in
magnetostatic or electrostatic traps.