title: Impedance Analysis of Bunch Length Measurements at the ATF Damping Ring

abstract:
  We present energy spread and bunch length measurements at the Accelerator
Test Facility (ATF) at KEK, as functions of current, for different ring rf
voltages, and with the beam both on and off the coupling resonance. We fit the
on-coupling bunch shapes to those of an impedance model consisting of a
resistor and an inductor connected in series. We find that the fits are
reasonably good, but that the resulting impedance is unexpectedly large.


title:
Ultra-low threshold CW Triply Resonant OPO in the near infrared using
  Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

abstract:
  We have operated a CW triply resonant OPO using a PPLN crystal pumped by a
Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 micron and generating signal and idler modes in the 2-2.3
micron range. The OPO was operated stably in single mode operation over large
periods of time with a pump threshold as low as 500 microwatts.


title:
Revivals and oscillations of the momentum of light in a planar multimode
  waveguide

abstract:
  The evolution of the transverse momentum of monochromatic light entering a
multimode planar waveguide at large angle is investigated. We report on
oscillations of the momentum caused by the beatings between the adjacent
populated modes of the waveguide and their periodic collapses and revivals. A
new type of an interferometer based on this effect with fringe spacing as small
as 1/9 of a light wavelength is demonstrated experimentally and periods as
small as 1/1000 of a light wavelength seem to be feasible.


title: Breakdown of adiabatic invariance in spherical tokamaks

abstract:
  Thermal ions in spherical tokamaks have two adiabatic invariants: the
magnetic moment and the longitudinal invariant. For hot ions, variations in
magnetic-field strength over a gyro period can become sufficiently large to
cause breakdown of the adiabatic invariance. The magnetic moment is more
sensitive to perturbations than the longitudinal invariant and there exists an
intermediate regime, super-adiabaticity, where the longitudinal invariant
remains adiabatic, but the magnetic moment does not. The motion of
super-adiabatic ions remains integrable and confinement is thus preserved.
However, above a threshold energy, the longitudinal invariant becomes
non-adiabatic too, and confinement is lost as the motion becomes chaotic. We
predict beam ions in present-day spherical tokamaks to be super-adiabatic but
fusion alphas in proposed burning-plasma spherical tokamaks to be
non-adiabatic.


title: Multichannel $e^{\pm}$ scattering on excited Ps states

abstract:
  Scattering and reaction cross sections of $e^{\pm}-Ps$ system are calculated
for total angular momentum L=0, 1 and 2 and energies between the
Ps(n=2)-Ps(n=3) threshold. We solved a set of Faddeev-Merkuriev and
Lippmann-Schwinger integral equations by applying the Coulomb-Sturmian
separable expansion technique. We found that the excited positronium states
play dominating roles in scattering processes.


title:
Investigation of the proportional discharge mechanism in
  nonelectronegative gases

abstract:
  A shape of the signals in proportional chamber with preamplification gap and
electron component extraction from proportional discharge has been
investigated. It was shown for Penning mixtures that in proportional discharge
besides the primary avalanches there is also the tail of secondary avalanches
caused by metastable and nonmetastable Penning effects. For different mixtures
of gases the duration of the signals caused by secondary avalanches are equal
to ~ n*10 microseconds (n = 1 - 10), the total charge of secondary avalanches
is comparable or larger than in primary avalanches.


title: Ionization Potential of the Helium Atom

abstract:
  Ground state ionization potential of the He^4 atom is evaluated to be 5 945
204 221 (42) MHz. Along with lower order contributions, this result includes
all effects of the relative orders alpha^4, alpha^3*m_e/m_alpha and
alpha^5*ln^2(alpha).


title:
Universal Spectrum for Natural Variability of Climate: Implications for
  Climate Change

abstract:
  The apparantly irregular (unpredictable) space-time fluctuations in
atmospheric flows ranging from climate (thousands of kilometers - years) to
turbulence (millimeters - seconds) exhibit the universal symmetry of
self-similarity. Self-similarity or scale invariance implies long-range
spatiotemporal correlations and is manifested in atmospheric flows as the
fractal geometry to spatial pattern concomitant with inverse power-law form for
power spectra of temporal fluctuations. Long-range spatiotemporal correlations
are ubiquitous to dynamical systems in nature and are identified as signatures
of self-organized criticality. Standard meteorological theory cannot explain
satisfactorily the observed self-organized criticality. Numerical models for
simulation and prediction of atmospheric flows are subject to deterministic
chaos and give unrealistic solutions. Deterministic chaos is a direct
consequence of round-off error growth in iterative computations. Round-off
error of finite precision computations doubles on an average at each step of
iterative computations. Round-off error will propagate to the mainstream
computation and give unrealistic solutions in numerical weather prediction
(NWP) and climate models which incorporate thousands of iterative computations
in long-term numerical integration schemes. A recently developed
non-deterministic cell dynamical system model for atmospheric flows predicts
the observed self-organized criticality as intrinsic to quantumlike mechanics
governing flow dynamics.


title: Forbidden transitions in the helium atom

abstract:
  Nonrelativistically forbidden, single-photon transition rates between low
lying states of the helium atom are rigorously derived within quantum
electrodynamics theory. Equivalence of velocity and length gauges, including
relativistic corrections is explicitly demonstrated. Numerical calculations of
matrix elements are performed with the use of high precision variational wave
functions and compared to former results.


title:
Delta I = 2 staggering in rotational bands of diatomic molecules as a
  manifestation of interband interactions

abstract:
  It is shown that the recently observed Delta I = 2 staggering seen in
superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in certain electronically excited
rotational bands of diatomic molecules. In the case of diatomic molecules the
effect is attributed to interband interactions (bandcrossings).


title: QED theory of the nuclear recoil effect on the atomic g factor

abstract:
  The quantum electrodynamic theory of the nuclear recoil effect on the atomic
g factor to all orders in \alpha Z and to first order in m/M is formulated. The
complete \alpha Z-dependence formula for the recoil correction to the
bound-electron g factor in a hydrogenlike atom is derived. This formula is used
to calculate the recoil correction to the bound-electron g factor in the order
(\alpha Z)^2 m/M for an arbitrary state of a hydrogenlike atom.


title:
Hamiltonian Formalism for Solving the Vlasov-Poisson Equations and Its
  Application to the Coherent Beam-Beam Interaction

abstract:
  A Hamiltonian approach to the solution of the Vlasov-Poisson equations has
been developed. Based on a nonlinear canonical transformation, the rapidly
oscillating terms in the original Hamiltonian are transformed away, yielding a
new Hamiltonian that contains slowly varying terms only. The formalism has been
applied to the coherent beam-beam interaction, and a stationary solution to the
transformed Vlasov equation has been obtained.


title: High Temperature Electron Localization in dense He Gas

abstract:
  We report new accurate mesasurements of the mobility of excess electrons in
high density Helium gas in extended ranges of temperature $[(26\leq T\leq 77) K
]$ and density $[ (0.05\leq N\leq 12.0) {atoms} \cdot {nm}^{-3}]$ to ascertain
the effect of temperature on the formation and dynamics of localized electron
states. The main result of the experiment is that the formation of localized
states essentially depends on the relative balance of fluid dilation energy,
repulsive electron-atom interaction energy, and thermal energy. As a
consequence, the onset of localization depends on the medium disorder through
gas temperature and density. It appears that the transition from delocalized to
localized states shifts to larger densities as the temperature is increased.
This behavior can be understood in terms of a simple model of electron
self-trapping in a spherically symmetric square well.


title:
Quasiclassical Calculations of Wigner Functions in Nonlinear Beam
  Dynamics

abstract:
  We present the application of variational-wavelet analysis to
numerical/analytical calculations of Wigner functions in (nonlinear)
quasiclassical beam dynamics problems. (Naive) deformation quantization and
multiresolution representations are the key points. We construct the
representation via multiscale expansions in generalized coherent states or
high-localized nonlinear eigenmodes in the base of compactly supported wavelets
and wavelet packets.

categories: physics.acc-ph math-ph math.MP nlin.PS physics.comp-ph quant-ph


title: Modelling of Beam-Beam Effects in Multiscales

abstract:
  We present the applications of nonlinear local harmonic analysis methods to
the modelling of beam-beam interaction. Our approach is based on methods
provided the possibility to work with dynamical beam localization in phase
space. The consideration of Fokker-Planck or Vlasov-Maxwell models is based on
a number of anzatzes, which reduce initial problems to a number of dynamical
systems (with constraints) and on variational-wavelet approach to
polynomial/rational approximations for reduced nonlinear dynamics. We calculate
contribution to full dynamics (partition function) from all underlying
subscales via nonlinear eigenmodes decomposition.


title:
Coherent Structures and Pattern Formation in Vlasov-Maxwell-Poisson
  Systems

abstract:
  We present the applications of methods from nonlinear local harmonic analysis
for calculations in nonlinear collective dynamics described by different forms
of Vlasov-Maxwell-Poisson equations. Our approach is based on methods provided
the possibility to work with well-localized in phase space bases, which gives
the most sparse representation for the general type of operators and good
convergence properties. The consideration is based on a number of anzatzes,
which reduce initial problems to a number of dynamical systems and on
variational-wavelet approach to polynomial approximations for nonlinear
dynamics. This approach allows us to construct the solutions via nonlinear
high-localized eigenmodes expansions in the base of compactly supported wavelet
bases and control contribution from each scale of underlying multiscales.
Numerical modelling demonstrates formation of coherent structures and stable
patterns.


title: Space-Charge Dominated Beam Transport via Multiresolution

abstract:
  We consider space-charge dominated beam transport systems, where space-charge
forces are the same order as external focusing forces and dynamics of the
corresponding emittance growth. We consider the coherent modes of oscillations
and coherent instabilities both in the different nonlinear envelope models and
in initial collective dynamics picture described by Vlasov system. Our
calculations are based on variation approach and multiresolution in the base of
high-localized generalized coherent states/wavelets. We control contributions
to dynamical processes from underlying multiscales via nonlinear high-localized
eigenmodes expansions in the base of compactly supported wavelet and wavelet
packets bases.


title: Nonlinear Dynamics of High-Brightness Beams

abstract:
  The consideration of transverse dynamics of relativistic space-charge
dominated beams and halo growth due to bunch oscillations is based on
variational approach to rational (in dynamical variables) approximation for rms
envelope equations. It allows to control contribution from each scale of
underlying multiscales and represent solutions via exact nonlinear eigenmodes
expansions. Our approach is based on methods provided possibility to work with
well-localized bases in phase space and good convergence properties of the
corresponding expansions.


title: Orbital Beam Dynamics in Multipole Fields via Multiscale Expansions

abstract:
  We present the applications of methods from nonlinear local harmonic analysis
in variational framework to calculations of nonlinear motions in
polynomial/rational approximations (up to any order) of arbitrary n-pole
fields. Our approach is based on the methods provided possibility to work with
dynamical beam/particle localization in phase space, which gives representions
via exact nonlinear high-localized eigenmodes expansions and allows to control
contribution to motion from each scale of underlying multiscale structure.


title: Four-dimensional Matter

abstract:
  Four-dimensional mass is determined in four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean
space as a physical invariant of that space. That invariant is discussed as an
invariant of electromagnetic type. Finally, equations of Maxwell type are
obtained for mass fields.


title:
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of 1GeV/Nucleon U92+ impact
  against atomic hydrogen

abstract:
  The impact of 1GeV/Nucleon U92+ projectiles against atomic hydrogen is
studied by direct numerical resolution of the time-dependent wave equation for
the atomic electron on a three-dimensional Cartesian lattice. We employ the
fully relativistic expressions to describe the electromagnetic fields created
by the incident ion. The wave equation for the atom interacting with the
projectile is carefully derived from the time-dependent Dirac equation in order
to retain all the relevant terms.


title: VEPP-2000 Project

abstract:
  The status of VEPP-2000 collider is presented. Implementation of Round
Colliding Beams (RCB) concept in the new collider VEPP-2000 is outlined,
potential advantages of RCB over the flat colliding beams are discussed. The
main design parameters and features of this VEPP-2000 collider are reported.


title:
Passive scalar anisotropy in a heated turbulent wake: new observations
  and implications for LES

abstract:
  The effects of passive scalar anisotropy on subgrid-scale (SGS) physics and
modeling for Large-Eddy Simulations are studied experimentally. Measurements
are performed across a moderate Reynolds number wake flow generated by a heated
cylinder, using an array of four X-wire and four cold-wire probes. By varying
the separation distance among probes in the array, we obtain filtered and
subgrid quantities at three different filter sizes. We compute several terms
that comprise the subgrid dissipation tensor of kinetic energy and
scalar-variance and test for isotropic behavior, as a function of filter scale.
We find that whereas the kinetic energy dissipation tensor tends towards
isotropy at small scales, the SGS scalar-variance dissipation remains
anisotropic independent of filter scale. The eddy-diffusion model predicts
isotropic behavior, whereas the nonlinear (or tensor eddy diffusivity) model
reproduces the correct trends, but overestimates the level of scalar
dissipation anisotropy. These results provide some support for so-called mixed
models but raise new questions about the causes of the observed anisotropy.


title: Staggering effects in nuclear and molecular spectra

abstract:
  It is shown that the recently observed Delta J = 2 staggering effect (i.e.
the relative displacement of the levels with angular momenta J, J+4, J+8, ...,
relatively to the levels with angular momenta J+2, J+6, J+10, ...) seen in
superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in certain electronically excited
rotational bands of diatomic molecules (YD, CrD, CrH, CoH), in which it is
attributed to interband interactions (bandcrossings). In addition, the Delta J
= 1 staggering effect (i.e. the relative displacement of the levels with even
angular momentum J with respect to the levels of the same band with odd J) is
studied in molecular bands free from Delta J = 2 staggering (i.e. free from
interband interactions/bandcrossings). Bands of YD offer evidence for the
absence of any Delta J = 1 staggering effect due to the disparity of nuclear
masses, while bands of sextet electronic states of CrD demonstrate that Delta J
= 1 staggering is a sensitive probe of deviations from rotational behaviour,
due in this particular case to the spin-rotation and spin-spin interactions.


title: Fundamentals of Gas Micropattern Detectors

abstract:
  We performed a new series of systematic studies of gain and rate
characteristics of several micropattern gaseous detectors. Extending earlier
studies, these measurements were done at various pressures, gas mixtures, at a
wide range of primary charges and also when the whole area of the detectors was
irradiated with a high intensity x-ray beam. Several new effects were
discovered, common to all tested detectors, which define fundamental limits of
operation. The results of these studies allow us to identify several concrete
ways of improving the performance of micropattern detectors and to suggest that
in some applications RPCs may constitute a valid alternative. Being protected
from damaging discharges by the resistive electrodes, these detectors feature
high gain, high rate capability (10^5 Hz/mm^2), good position resolution
(better than 30 micrometer) and excellent timing (50 ps sigma).


title:
Gain, Rate and Position Resolution Limits of Micropattern Gaseous
  Detectors

abstract:
  In this study we report the results of a systematic study of the gain, rate
and the position resolution limits of various micropattern gaseous detectors.
It was found that at low rates (<1 Hz/mm^2) each detector has it own gain
limit, which depends on the size and design features, as well as on gas
composition and pressure. However, in all cases the maximum achievable gain is
less than or equal to the classical Raether limit. It also was found that for
all detectors tested the maximum achievable gain drops sharply with the
counting rate. The position resolution of micropattern detectors for detection
of X-rays (6 to 35 kV) was also studied, being demonstrated that with solid
converters one could reach a position resolution better than 30 micrometers at
1 atm in a simple counting mode.


title: Quantum and classical dynamics of methane scattering

abstract:
  The dissociation of methane on transition metals is an important reaction in
catalysis. It is the rate limiting step in steam reforming to produce syngas.
Molecular beam experiments have shown that the energy in the internal
vibrations are about as effective as the translational energy in inducing
dissociation.
  The published wave packet simulations on the methane dissociation reaction on
transition metals have treated the methane molecule always as a diatomic up to
now. Besides the C-H bond and molecule surface distance, a combination of other
coordinates were included, like (multiple) rotations and some lattice motion.
None of them have looked at the role of the internal vibrations. We were not
able yet to simulate the dissociation including all internal vibrations.
Instead we simulated the scattering of methane in fixed orientations, for which
all internal vibrations can be included, and used the results to deduce
consequences for the dissociation. Furthermore we studied the isotope effect,
and the role of vibrational excitations.
  We ended with classical trajectory calculations of the rotational vibrational
scattering of a non-rigid methane molecule from a Ni(111) surface. Energy
dissipation and scattering angles have been studied as a function of the
translational kinetic energy, the incident angle, the (rotational) nozzle
temperature, and the surface temperature.


title:
Folding thermodynamics of model four-strand antiparallel beta-sheet
  proteins

abstract:
  The thermodynamic properties for three different types of off-lattice
four-strand beta-sheet protein models interacting via a hybrid Go-type
potential have been investigated. Discontinuous molecular dynamic simulations
have been performed for different sizes of the bias gap g, an artificial
measure of a model protein's preference for its native state. The thermodynamic
transition temperatures are obtained by calculating the squared radius of
gyration, the root-mean-squared pair separation fluctuation, the specific heat,
the internal energy of the system, and the Lindemann disorder parameter. In
spite of the simplicity, the protein-like heteropolymers have shown a complex
set of protein transitions as observed in experimental studies. Starting from
high temperature, these transitions include a collapse transition, a
disordered-to-ordered globule transition, a folding transition, and a
liquid-to-solid transition. These transitions strongly depend on the
native-state geometry of the model proteins and the size of the bias gap. A
strong transition from the disordered globule state to the ordered globule
state with large energy change and a weak transition from the ordered globule
state to the native state with small energy change were observed for the large
gap models. For the small gap models no native structures were observed at any
temperature, all three beta-sheet proteins fold into a partially-ordered
globule state which is geometrically different from the native state. For small
bias gaps at even lower temperatures, all protein motions are frozen indicating
an inactive solid-like phase.


title: One of Possible Applications of High-Tc Superconductors

abstract:
  Possible application of a result contradicting to the second law of
thermodynamics is announced. According to this result the chaotic energy of
thermal fluctuation can be transformed in electric energy of direct current in
an inhomogeneous superconducting ring. Although the power of this
transformation is very weak this effect has optimistic perspective of wide
application because useful energy can be obtained from heat energy in the
equilibrium state. It is explain why the second law can be broken in some
quantum systems. In the last years some authors have concluded almost at once
on violation of the second law in different quantum systems: A.E.Allahverdyan
and Th.M.Nieuwenhuizen, PRL 85, 1799 (2000); cond-mat/0011389; V.Capec and
J.Bok Czech. J. of Phys. 49, 1645 (1999); cond-mat/0012056; Physica A 290, 379
(2001); D. Sheehan, Phys. Plasmas 2 (6), 1893 (1995); Phys. Rev.E 61, 4662
(2000); P. Weiss, Science News, 158, 234 (2000).


title: Theory of diffraction for 2D photonic crystals with a boundary

abstract:
  We extend a modal theory of diffraction by a set of parallel fibers to deal
with the case of a hard boundary: that is a structure made for instance of
air-holes inside a dielectric matrix. Numerical examples are given concerning
some resonant phenomena.


title:
The Short-Term Dynamical Aperture via Variational-Wavelet Approach with
  Constraints

abstract:
  We present the applications of wavelet analysis methods in constrained
variational framework to calculation of dynamical aperture. We construct
represention via exact nonlinear high-localized periodic eigenmodes expansions,
which allows to control contribution to motion from each scale of underlying
multiscale structure and consider qualitative approach to the problem.

categories: physics.acc-ph math-ph math.MP nlin.CD physics.comp-ph quant-ph


title: Generalized Lagrangians and spinning particles

abstract:
  The use of generalized Lagrangians for describing elementary particles was
already claimed by Ostrogradskii. It is shown how the spin structure of
elementary particles arises if one allows the Lagrangian to depend on higher
order derivatives. One part is related to the rotation of the particle and the
other, which is coming from the dependence of the Lagrangian on the
acceleration, is known as the zitterbewegung part of spin.


title: Microcanonical versus canonical ensemble of bosons in a 1D harmonic trap

abstract:
  We consider a fixed number of noninteracting bosons in a harmonic trap. The
determination of the exact microcanonical ground state number fluctuation is a
difficult enterprise. There have been several theoretical attempts to solve
this problem approximately, especially in 1D models where analytic results were
found using some asymptotic formulae from number theory. Here, we obtain the
exact number fluctuation curves, and show that these exact curves are
substantially different from the results presented in literature for small
particle number and finite temperature. Further, we show how these approximate
microcanonical results may be derived using a canonical thermodynamics
approach.


title: Ten-dimensional wave packet simulations of methane scattering

abstract:
  We present results of wavepacket simulations of scattering of an oriented
methane molecule from a flat surface including all nine internal vibrations. At
a translational energy up to 96 kJ/mol we find that the scattering is almost
completely elastic. Vibrational excitations when the molecule hits the surface
and the corresponding deformation depend on generic features of the potential
energy surface. In particular, our simulation indicate that for methane to
dissociate the interaction of the molecule with the surface should lead to an
elongated equilibrium C--H bond length close to the surface.


title:
Resonant-state solution of the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for
  three-body systems with Coulomb potentials

abstract:
  A novel method for calculating resonances in three-body Coulombic systems is
proposed. The Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations are solved by applying the
Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion method. The $e^- e^+ e^-$ S-state
resonances up to $n=5$ threshold are calculated.


title:
I-V characteristics and differential conductance fluctuations of Au
  nanowires

abstract:
  Electronic transport properties of Au nano-structure are investigated using
both experimental and theoretical analysis. Experimentally, stable Au nanowires
were created using mechanically controllable break junction in air, and
simultaneous current-voltage (I-V) and differential conductance $\delta
I/\delta V$ data were measured. The atomic device scale structures are
mechanically very stable up to bias voltage $V_b\sim0.6V$ and have a life time
of a few $minutes$. Facilitated by a shape function data analysis technique
which finger-prints electronic properties of the atomic device, our data show
clearly differential conductance fluctuations with an amplitude $>1%$ at room
temperature, and a nonlinear I-V characteristics. To understand the transport
features of these atomic scale conductors, we carried out {\it ab initio}
calculations on various Au atomic wires. The theoretical results demonstrate
that transport properties of these systems crucially depend on the electronic
properties of the scattering region, the leads, and most importantly the
interaction of the scattering region with the leads. For ideal, clean Au
contacts, the theoretical results indicate a linear I-V behavior for bias
voltage $V_b<0.5V$. When sulfur impurities exist at the contact junction,
nonlinear I-V curves emerge due to a tunnelling barrier established in the
presence of the S atom. The most striking observation is that even a single S
atom can cause a qualitative change of the I-V curve from linear to nonlinear.
A quantitatively favorable comparison between experimental data and theoretical
results is obtained. We also report other results concerning quantum transport
through Au atomic contacts.

categories: physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.soft physics.atm-clus


title: Novel Ferromagnetic Atom Waveguide with in situ loading

abstract:
  Magneto-optic and magnetostatic trapping is realized near a surface using
current carrying coils wrapped around magnetizable cores. A cloud of 10^7
Cesium atoms is created with currents less than 50 mA. Ramping up the current
while maintaining optical dissipation leads to tightly confined atom clouds
with an aspect ratio of 1:1000. We study the 3D character of the magnetic
potential and characterize atom number and density as a function of the applied
current. The field gradient in the transverse dimension has been varied from <
10 G/cm to > 1 kG/cm. By loading and cooling atoms in-situ, we have eliminated
the problem of coupling from a MOT into a smaller phase space.


title: The Franck-Hertz experiment re-considered

abstract:
  The celebrated Franck-Hertz experiment is reinterpreted by analogy with the
Glimmentladung experiment, formerly performed by Heinrich Hertz.


title: Charge-Induced Fragmentation of Sodium Clusters

abstract:
  The fission of highly charged sodium clusters with fissilities X>1 is studied
by {\em ab initio} molecular dynamics. Na_{24}^{4+} is found to undergo
predominantly sequential Na_{3}^{+} emission on a time scale of 1 ps, while
Na_{24}^{Q+} (5 \leq Q \leq 8) undergoes multifragmentation on a time scale
\geq 0.1 ps, with Na^{+} increasingly the dominant fragment as Q increases. All
singly-charged fragments Na_{n}^{+} up to size n=6 are observed. The observed
fragment spectrum is, within statistical error, independent of the temperature
T of the parent cluster for T \leq 1500 K. These findings are consistent with
and explain recent trends observed experimentally.


title:
Observation of Scarred Modes in Asymmetrically Deformed Microcylinder
  Lasers

abstract:
  We report observation of lasing in the scarred modes in an asymmetrically
deformed microcavity made of liquid jet. The observed scarred modes correspond
to morphology-dependent resonance of radial mode order 3 with their Q values in
the range of 10^6. Emission directionality is also observed, corresponding to a
hexagonal unstable periodic orbit.


title:
An ultrahigh-Q microsphere laser based on the evanescent-wave-coupled
  gain

abstract:
  We have demonstrated an ultrahigh-Q whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microsphere
laser based on the evanescent-wave-coupled gain. Dye molecules outside the
sphere near the equator were excited, resulting in WGM lasing in the lowest
radial mode order. The loaded quality factor of the lasing WGM was 8(2)\times
10^9, the highest ever achieved in the microlaser.


title:
A selection of papers with some relevance to the investigation of the
  Sun-Climate link: Papers on Data, Methods and Commentary

abstract:
  This is simply a long list of papers that I have found useful. They are
generally related to aspects of the search for evidence that the Sun influences
the climate somehow. There are papers on Data, on Methods and papers that just
discuss the problems. So far the list is not structured, but it is planned that
later versions will have lists that are sorted into general subject classes.


title: On some generalized stopping power sum rules

abstract:
  The Lindhard-Winther (LW) equipartition sum rule shows that within the linear
response theory, the stopping power of an energetic point-charge projectile in
a degenerate electron gas medium, receives equal contributions from
single-particle and collective excitations in the medium. In this paper we show
that the LW sum rule does not necessarily hold for an extended projectile ion
and for ion-clusters moving in a fully degenerate electron gas. We have derived
a generalized equipartition sum rule and some related sum rules for this type
of projectiles. We also present numerical plots for He$^{+}$ ion and He$^{+}$
ion-clusters.


title:
Electron recombination with multicharged ions via chaotic many-electron
  states

abstract:
  We show that a dense spectrum of chaotic multiply-excited eigenstates can
play a major role in collision processes involving many-electron multicharged
ions. A statistical theory based on chaotic properties of the eigenstates
enables one to obtain relevant energy-averaged cross sections in terms of sums
over single-electron orbitals. Our calculation of the low-energy electron
recombination of Au$^{25+}$ shows that the resonant process is 200 times more
intense than direct radiative recombination, which explains the recent
experimental results of Hoffknecht {\em et al.} [J. Phys. B {\bf 31}, 2415
(1998)].

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat.mes-hall nlin.CD nucl-th


title: Stochastic resonance as a collective property of ion channel assemblies

abstract:
  By use of a stochastic generalization of the Hodgkin-Huxley model we
investigate both the phenomena of stochastic resonance (SR) and coherence
resonance (CR) in variable size patches of an excitable cell membrane. Our
focus is on the challenge how internal noise stemming from individual ion
channels does affect collective properties of the whole ensemble. We
investigate both an unperturbed situation with no applied stimuli and one in
which the membrane is stimulated externally by a periodic signal and additional
external noise. For the nondriven case, we demonstrate the existence of an
optimal size of the membrane patch for which the internal noise causes a most
regular spike activity. This phenomenon shall be termed intrinsic CR. In
presence of an applied periodic stimulus we demonstrate that the
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exhibits SR vs. decreasing patch size, or vs.
increasing internal noise strength, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that
conventional SR vs. the external noise intensity occurs only for sufficiently
large membrane patches, when the intensity of internal noise is below its
optimal level. Thus, biological SR seemingly is rooted in the collective
properties of large ion channel ensembles rather than in the individual
stochastic dynamics of single ion channels.


title: The invention of the quantum energy concept according to Planck

abstract:
  A hundred years ago, the quantum concept provoked a revolution in science and
the search of a new conceptual basis for whole physics, as emphasized by
Einstein. In this paper, I discuss the essential features of Planck's works in
1900 on the blackbody radiation and the hypothesis of energy quantization.


title:
Radar equations in the problem of radio wave backscattering during
  bistatic soundings

abstract:
  This paper outlines a method of obtaining the relation between the singly
scattered signal and the Fourier-spectrum of medium dielectric permititvity
fluctuations, with due regard for the fact that the scattering volume is
determined by antenna patterns and is not small. On the basis of this equation
we obtained the radar equation relating the scattered signal spectrum to the
spatial spectrum of fluctuations. Also, a statistical radar equation is
obtained, which relates the mean statistical power of the scattered signal to
the spectral density of the dielectric permitivity fluctuations without a
classical approximation of the smallness of the irregularities spatial
correlation radius. The work deals with the bistatic sounding case, when the
exact forward and exact backward scattering are absent, and sounding signal
have sufficiently norrow spectral band for scattered volume to change slowly on
ranges of Fresnel radius order. The statistical radar equations obtained
differs from the classical ones in the presence the coherent structures with
big correlation radii, and so the received signal spectrum can differ from
intrinsic spectrum of irregularities.


title:
Coherence effects in the transition radiation spectrum and practical
  consequences

abstract:
  In the framework of the pseudophotons method and under the hypothesis of the
far field approximation the formal evaluation of the transition radiation
spectrum produced by a three-dimensional charged beam interacting with a
metallic target is carried out. When spatial incoherent conditions are
occurring, the transverse size of a three-dimensional beam affects the spectrum
via a suitable dependence on the Fourier transform of the transverse
distribution, while the temporal coherent enhance of the spectrum depends only
on the longitudinal beam size via the longitudinal form factor in the same
manner as in the case of a one-dimensional beam. Spatial incoherent effects,
arising at short wave-length in the spectrum, on the one hand allow a better
comprehension of some aspects of the transition radiation phenomelogy - e.g. an
analytical formula for the total radiated energy - and on the other hand offer
new perspectives in the practical application of the transition radiation as
diagnostics method of the transverse beam size in a particle accelerator.


title: Effect of H$^-$ ion formation on Positronium-Hydrogen elastic scattering

abstract:
  Effect of charge-transfer recombination for positronium (Ps) scattering is
studied on Ps-H system using coupled-channel formalism considering a new
rearrangement channel Ps+H --> e^+ + H^- and exchange.
  The correlation and continuum effects introduced by this charge-transfer
channel result to substantial convergence to the low energy scattering
parameters. Effects on scattering length, PsH binding energy, and low-energy
(0-10 eV) phase-shifts and cross sections are evaluated and H$^-$ formation
cross sections are reported from above the threshold (6.438 eV) to 100 eV.


title:
Scattering of positronium from singly ionized helium and appearing
  resonances

abstract:
  The coupled-channel model [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 59}, 363 (1999)] that yields
converged low-energy phase shifts, and exact binding and resonance features in
Ps-H [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 59}, 2058 (1999)] is applied to study Ps-He$^+$
scattering. Similar to PsH, resonances appear in the S-, P-, D-, etc partial
waves in the Ps-He$^+$ system but in both the singlet and triplet scattering
channels. The latter signifies possible Rydberg states of $e^+$ around singlet
and triplet helium. The S-wave singlet resonance at 2.79 eV agrees to that
predicted earlier in $e^+$-He entrance channel (energy difference 16.64 eV) at
19.27 eV [Chem. Phys. Lett. {\bf 262}, 460 (1996)].


title: Phase-Transitions in a model for the formation of herpes simplex ulcers

abstract:
  The critical properties of a cellular automaton model describing the
spreading of infection of the Herpes Simplex Virus in corneal tissue are
investigated through the dynamic Monte Carlo method. The model takes into
account different cell susceptibilities to the viral infection, as suggested by
experimental findings. In a two-dimensional square lattice, the sites are
associated to two distinct types of cells, namely, permissive and resistant to
the infection. While a permissive cell becomes infected in the presence of a
single infected cell in its neighborhood, a resistant cell needs to be
surrounded by at least R>1 infected or dead cells in order to become infected.
The infection is followed by the death of the cells resulting in ulcers whose
forms may be dendritic (self-limited clusters) or amoeboid (percolating
clusters) depending on the degree of resistance R of the resistant cells as
well as on the density of permissive cells in the healthy tissue. We show that
a phase transition between these two regimes occurs only for R>=5 and, in
addition, that the phase-transition is in the universality class of the
ordinary percolation.


title:
Influence of Static and Dynamic Disorder on the Anisotropy of Emission
  in the Ring Antenna Subunits of Purple Bacteria Photosynthetic Systems

abstract:
  Using the reduced density matrix formalism the time dependence of the exciton
scattering in light-harvesting ring systems of purple bacteria is calculated.
In contrast to the work of Kumble and Hochstrasser (J. Chem. Phys. 109 (1998)
855) static disorder (fluctuations of the site energies) as well as dynamic
disorder (dissipation) is taken into account. For the description of
dissipation we use Redfield theory in exciton eigenstates without secular
approximation. This is shown to be equivalent to the Markovian limit of Capek's
theory in local states. Circular aggregates with 18 pigments are studied to
model the B850 ring of bacteriochlorophyls within LH2 complexes. It can be
demonstrated that the dissipation is important for the time-dependent
anisotropy of the fluorescence. Smaller values of static disorder are
sufficient to produce the same decay rates in the anisotropy in comparison with
the results by Kumble and Hochstrasser.


title:
C$_{60}$ in intense femtosecond laser pulses: nonlinear dipole response
  and ionization

abstract:
  We study the interaction of strong femtosecond laser pulses with the C$_{60}$
molecule employing time-dependent density functional theory with the ionic
background treated in a jellium approximation. The laser intensities considered
are below the threshold of strong fragmentation but too high for perturbative
treatments such as linear response. The nonlinear response of the model to
excitations by short pulses of frequencies up to 45eV is presented and analyzed
with the help of Kohn-Sham orbital resolved dipole spectra. In femtosecond
laser pulses of 800nm wavelength ionization is found to occur multiphoton-like
rather than via excitation of a ``giant'' resonance.


title: A Continuous Model of Computation

abstract:
  Although the Turing-machine model of computation is widely used in computer
science it is fundamentally inadequate as a foundation for the theory of modern
scientific computation. The real-number model is described as an alternative.
Physicists often choose continuous mathematical models for problems ranging
from the dynamical systems of classical physics to the operator equations and
path integrals of quantum mechanics.These mathematical models use the real or
complex number fields and we argue that the real-number model of computation
should be used in the study of the computational complexity of continuous
mathematical models.
  The study of continuous complexity is called information-based complexity. In
this expository article we apply information-based complexity to topics such as
breaking the curse of dimensionality, approximating the calculation of path
integrals, and solving ill-posed problems. Precise formulations of these ideas
may be found in J. F. Traub and A. G. Werschulz, "Complexity and Information",
Cambridge University Press, 1998.


title: Massless classical electrodynamics

abstract:
  In the direct action form of classical EM we give the equation of motion for
a classical massless bare charge without self-interaction in the presence of an
external field. That equation permits superluminal speeds and time-reversals,
and so is a realization of the Stueckelberg-Feynman view of electrons and
positrons as different segments of a single trajectory. We give a particular
solution to a one body problem, and briefly discuss some aspects of the
two-body problem. There is some discussion of the historical context of this
effort, including the direct action and absorber theories, and some speculation
on how the massless bare charge may acquire mass, and how these findings impact
the problem of singular self-action.


title:
Solving the Quantum Chemistry Equations and
  High-Temperature-Superconductivity Problem

abstract:
  The conventional technique for solving the equations of quantum chemistry (of
solid state) is extended unconventionally to the structures possessing certain
symmetries. This proposal concerns changing the way for selection of occupied
orbitals, allowing, in turn, to release the unoccupied electronic states
located lower than the ground state Fermi level of a specific system. Such
states can be treated as 'spectral holes'. Application of this technique, in
particular, when calculating the electronic structure of the HTSC-compound
$YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (0<x<1) results in the following. The spectral holes of high
spatial localization are found. These 'spatial spectral holes' are located,
mainly at the $P_y$-orbitals of the apex oxygens. These orbitals overlap and
form linear chains which are parallel to the known Cu(1)-O chains, disappearing
when x is closed to 1. One can suppose that the linear chains of the
overlapping hole states form a 'superconducting channel'. Some other parameters
closely related to the critical characteristics of HTSC-materials are also
calculated. The calculations show that 'the superconducting channel' is broken
when the oxygen chain atoms O(1) are removed (x>0). One could easily connect
the obtained results to the high-temperature superconductivity of Little's
linear chains, as well as Ginzburg's two-dimensional layers and even to
BCS-model.


title:
Detection of the primary scintillation light from dense Ar, Kr and Xe
  with novel photosensitive gaseous detectors

abstract:
  The detection of primary scintillation light in combination with the charge
or secondary scintillation signals is an efficient technique to determine the
events t=0 as well as particle / photon separation in large mass TPC detectors
filled with noble gases and/or condensed noble gases. The aim of this work is
to demonstrate that costly photo-multipliers could be replaced by cheap novel
photosensitive gaseous detectors: wire counters, GEMs or glass capillary tubes
coupled with CsI photocathodes. We have performed systematic measurements with
Ar, Kr and Xe gas at pressures in the range of 1-50 atm as well as some
preliminary measurements with liquid Xe and liquid Ar. With the gaseous
detectors we succeeded in detecting scintillation light produced by 22 keV
X-rays with an efficiency of close to 100%. We also detected the scintillation
light produced by bs (5 keV deposit energy) with an efficiency close to 25%.
Successful detection of scintillation from 22 keV gammas open new experimental
possibilities not only for nTOF and ICARUS experiments, but also in others,
like WIMPs search through nuclear recoil emission.


title: The "optical" version of the barn-pole problem

abstract:
  We present diagrams and simple calculations for the apparent (i.e.
photographable) length of a moving ruler skimming the observer's position,
under three different classes of model. Special relativity's predictions in
this particular situation are the root-product average of the two more basic
first-order predictions generated by simple "propagation timelag" arguments. We
find that special relativity can legally predict either a photographable
Lorentz contraction or a photographable Lorentz expansion in the "centred"
ruler, depending on whether our camera is at the ruler's "apparent" or
"official" centre.


title:
A possible scenario for volumetric display through nanoparticle
  suspensions

abstract:
  We discuss on the potential of suspensions of gold nanoparticles with
variable refractive index for the possible physical realization of in-relief
virtual dynamic display of plane images. A reasoning approach for a vision
system to display in real-time volumetric moving images is proposed based on
well-known properties of optical media, namely the anomalous dispersion of
light on certain transparent media and the virtual image formed by a refracting
transparent surface. The system relies on creating mechanisms to modify the
refractive index of in-relief virtual dynamical display (iVDD) bulbs that
ideally would contain a suspension of gold nanoparticles each and that might be
ordered in an array filling up a whole screen.


title: Gravitation and Electromagnetism

abstract:
  The realms of gravitation, belonging to Classical Physics, and
Electromagnetism, belonging to the Theory of the Electron and Quantum Mechanics
have remained apart as two separate pillars, inspite of a century of effort by
Physicists to reconcile them. In this paper it is argued that if we extend
ideas of
  Classical spacetime to include in addition to non integrability non
commutavity also, then such a reconcilation is possible.


title: Relativistic trajectories

abstract:
  A quite evident and radical argument proves that no motion of masses can
generate gravitational waves.


title: The Dark Universe: The First Molecules

abstract:
  The dark Universe corresponds to the period between the thermal decoupling
matter-radiation and the formation of the first objects. During this epoq,
molecules can appeared. In this talk, I will recall the nucleosynthesis
processes, then the chemistry of the primordial Universe. I will discuss the
influence of the primordial molecules on the protocloud evolution .


title: A foundational approach to physics

abstract:
  A core level of basic information for physics is identified, based on an
analysis of the characteristics of the parameters space, time, mass and charge.
At this level, it is found that certain symmetries operate, which can be used
to explain certain physical facts and even to derive new mathematical theorems.
Applications are made to classical mechanics, electromagnetic theory and
quantum mechanics.


title: Deflection of Molecules by a Homogeneous Electric Field: A New Effect

abstract:
  In this work, we put forward a theoretical explanation of a peculiar effect
found very recently (A. Gonzalez Urena et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 341 (2001)
495). They have observed the deflection of a beam of molecules posessing a
permanent electric dipole moment by a homogeneous electric field when a
resonant oscillating field is superposed transverse to the static one.


title:
A Longshot Technique for Resurrecting the Dead by Reversing the Flow of
  Time

abstract:
  Reversing the flow of time between Casimir plates raises the question of
whether or not a recently deceased, intact organism could be brought back to
life. The odds are not good.


title: Multiple beam interference in a quadrupolar glass fiber

abstract:
  Motivated by the recent observation of periodic filter characteristics of an
oval-shaped micro-cavity, we study the possible interference of multiple beams
in the far field of a laser-illuminated quadrupolar glass fiber. From numerical
ray-tracing simulations of the experimental situation we obtain the
interference-relevant length-difference spectrum and compare it with data
extracted from the experimental filter results. Our analysis reveals that
different polygonal cavity modes being refractively output-coupled in the
high-curvature region of the fiber contribute to the observed far-field
interference.


title: Study of Low beta-y Straight Section in SPEAR 3

abstract:
  The SPEAR 3 light source has two 7.6 m straight sections one of which is
available for new insertion devices (ID). By reducing the vertical beta
function at the center of the straight from 9.8 m to 1.5 m, the beam size can
be decreased from 44 to 17 microns to reduce the ID gap, but the ID length may
be limited by the increased beta-y variation in the ID. Alternatively, a
``double waist'' optics with two symmetric low beta-y locations and a chicane
may be considered to implement two IDs. In this paper, we discuss the low
beta-y optics, effects on the beam dynamic aperture, and the ID parameters
needed to maximize photon flux density and brightness while maintaining
electron beam lifetime.


title:
An elementary approach to quantum gravity based on a flux model of a
  physical vacuum

abstract:
  Interactions with ordinary matter of a flux of high-speed uncharged dark
matter particles pervasively present in space are examined. In this model, we
find that the property of matter that we designate as mass becomes a measure of
the interaction cross section of ordinary matter with the flux of dark matter.
  From this model emerge both a flux-mediated attractive inverse-square force
between particles of ordinary matter as well as a characteristic
nondeterministic behavior of ordinary matter that originates from statistical
variations in the flux. The occurrence of effects similar to gravitational
phenomena and effects similar to quantum phenomena in this model may enable a
straightforward examination of the convergence of gravitational physics and
quantum mechanics.


title: Study of Beam Energy Spectrum Measurement in the NLC Extraction Line

abstract:
  The NLC extraction line provides a secondary focal point with a low beta
function and 2 cm dispersion which can be used for measurement of the beam
energy spectrum. In this study, tracking simulations were performed to
transport the 0.5 TeV electron beam from the Interaction Point (IP) to the
secondary focus (SF), ``measure'' the resultant transverse beam profile and
reconstruct the disrupted IP energy spread. In the simulation, the obtained
energy spectrum reproduced the initial IP spread reasonably well, especially
with the vertical dispersion at SF which provides larger ratio of dispersion to
the betatron beam size.


title:
NLC Beam Properties and Extraction Line Performance with Beam Offset at
  IP

abstract:
  Properties of the disrupted NLC beam at the Interaction Point (IP) and
particle loss in the extraction line are analyzed as a function of beam-to-beam
position and angular offset at IP. The simulations show that disruption and
beam loss maximize when the vertical beam separation at IP is about 20 times
the rms vertical beam size. The horizontal offset does not increase the
disruption and the beam loss. The angular offsets cause particle loss in the
extraction line mainly because of the beam orbit oscillations.


title: The Next Linear Collider Extraction Line Design

abstract:
  The two main functions of the NLC extraction line include: 1) transmission of
the outgoing disrupted beam and secondary particles to the dump with minimal
losses; and 2) beam diagnostics and control. In this report, we describe the
extraction line optics, present the results of tracking studies, and discuss
the extraction line instrumentation.


title: Dynamic Aperture Studies for SPEAR 3

abstract:
  The SSRL is investigating an accelerator upgrade project to replace the
present 130 nm rad FODO lattice with an 18 nm rad double bend achromat lattice:
SPEAR 3. In this paper, we review the methods used to maximize the SPEAR 3
dynamic aperture including optimization of linear optics, betatron tune,
chromaticity and coupling correction, and effects of machine errors and
insertion devices.


title: Effect of Insertion Devices in SPEAR 3

abstract:
  The SPEAR 3 upgrade lattice will provide much reduced beam emittance to
increase the brightness of synchrotron radiation beams from wigglers and
undulators. Seven existing insertion devices will be used in the lattice. In
this paper we review the wiggler parameters, outline the wiggler compensation
scheme, and evaluate wiggler effect on the optics and dynamic aperture.


title: NLC Extraction Line Studies

abstract:
  In this note, we briefly review the current lattice of the NLC extraction
line which was designed for the nominal NLC beam parameters. Then we describe
the beam parameters for the high luminosity option with larger beam disruption
parameter and discuss its effect on beam loss in the extraction line. Finally,
we present a summary of the optics study aimed at minimizing the beam loss with
high disruption beams.


title: Dynamic Aperture Studies for SPEAR 3

abstract:
  The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is investigating an accelerator
upgrade project that would replace the present 130 nm rad FODO lattice with an
18 nm rad double bend achromat (DBA) lattice: SPEAR 3. The low emittance design
yields a high brightness beam, but the stronger focusing in the DBA lattice
increases chromaticity and beam sensitivity to machine errors. To ensure
efficient injection and long Touschek lifetime, an optimization of the design
lattice and dynamic aperture has been performed. In this paper, we review the
methods used to maximize the SPEAR 3 dynamic aperture including necessary
optics modifications, choice of tune and phase advance, optimization of
sextupole and coupling correction, and modeling effects of machine errors,
wigglers and lattice periodicity.


title: Intrabeam Scattering Analysis of ATF Beam Measurements

abstract:
  At the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK intrabeam scattering (IBS) is a
strong effect for an electron machine. It is an effect that couples all
dimensions of the beam, and in April 2000, over a short period of time, all
dimensions were measured as functions of current. In this report we derive a
simple relation for the growth rates of emittances due to IBS. We apply the
theories of Bjorken-Mtingwa, Piwinski, and a formula due to Raubenheimer to the
ATF parameters, and find that the results all agree (if in Piwinski's formalism
we replace the dispersion squared over beta by the dispersion invariant).
Finally, we compare theory, including the effect of potential well bunch
lengthening, with the April 2000 measurements, and find reasonably good
agreement in the energy spread and horizontal emittance dependence on current.
The vertical emittance measurement, however, implies that either: there is
error in the measurement (equivalent to an introduction of 0.6% x-y coupling
error), or the effect of intrabeam scattering is stronger than predicted (35%
stronger in growth rates).


title: Lattice and Compensation Schemes for the PEP-II Interaction Region

abstract:
  The PEP-II interaction region is designed to accommodate asymmetric beam
energies, head-on collisions, small bunch spacing and provide low beta* for
high luminosity. Local correction schemes are implemented to compensate
non-linear chromaticity from the IP doublets as well as coupling, orbit and
focusing effects from the 6 Tm asymmetric detector solenoid. The main IR optics
features and local correction schemes are presented. MAD code is used for the
optics calculations.


title: Modeling eruptions of Karymsky volcano

abstract:
  A model is proposed to explain temporal patterns of activity in a class of
periodically exploding Strombolian-type volcanos. These patterns include major
events (explosions) which follow each other every 10-30 minutes and subsequent
tremor with a typical period of 1 second. This two-periodic activity is thought
to be caused by two distinct mechanisms of accumulation of the elastic energy
in the moving magma column: compressibility of the magma in the lower conduit
and viscoelastic response of the almost solid magma plug on the top. A release
of the elastic energy happens when a stick-slip dynamic phase transition in a
boundary layer along the walls of the conduit occurs; this phase transition is
driven by the shear stress accumulated in the boundary layer. The first-order
character and intrinsic hysteresis of this phase transition explains the long
periods of inactivity in the explosion cycle. Temporal characteristics of the
model are found to be qualitatively similar to the acoustic and seismic signals
recorded at Karymsky volcano in Kamchatka.


title:
Evaluation of various planar gaseous detectors with CsI photocathodes
  for the detection of primary scintillation light from noble gases

abstract:
  Noble gases and liquids are excellent scintillators and this opens a unique
opportunity to directly detect the primary scintillation light produced in
these media by photons or particles. This signal can be used for several
purposes, for example as a start signal for TPCs or for particles
identification. Usually photomultipliers (PMs) are used for the detection of
the scintillation light. In our previous work we have demonstrated that costly
PMs could be replaced by gaseous detectors with CsI photocathodes . Such
detectors have the same quantum efficiency as the best PMs but at the same time
are cheap, simple and have high position and time resolutions. The aim of this
work is to evaluate various planar type gaseous detectors with CsI photocahodes
in order to choose the best one for the detection of the primary scintillation
light from noble gases and liquids.


title: Mechanical oscillations at the cellular scale

abstract:
  Active phenomena which involve force generation and motion play a key role in
a number of phenomena in living cells such as cell motility, muscle contraction
and the active transport of material and organelles. Here we discuss mechanical
oscillations generated by active systems in cells. Examples are oscillatory
regimes in muscles, the periodic beating of axonemal cilia and flagella and
spontaneous oscillations of auditory hair cells which play a role in active
amplification of weak sounds in hearing. As a prototype system for oscillation
generation by proteins, we discuss a general mechanism by which many coupled
active elements such as motor molecules can generate oscillations.


title:
On the superluminal propagation of light-pulses in a ''transparent''
  dispersive medium

abstract:
  The mechanisms leading to a seemingly superluminal propagation of light in
dispersive media are examined. The anomalous dispersion near an absorption
line, involved in the first experiments displaying negative group velocity
propagation, is shown to be not only simpler but also more efficient than the
so-called transparent dispersion used in the later experiments of Wang et al.
(Nature (London) 406, 277 (2000)) and of Dogariu et al. (Phys.Rev.A 63, 053806
(2001)). The modest pulse advances observed by these authors can in particular
be reproduced with a better overall transmittance of the medium and the
significant advances attained with a single-line arrangement would probably be
unattainable with their gain-doublet arrangement.


title:
What is Time? A New Mathematico- Physical and Information Theoretic
  Approach

abstract:
  A New Mathematico-Physical and Information Theoretic Approach
  Examination of the available hard core information to firm up the process of
unification of quantum and gravitational physics leads to the conclusion that
for achieving this synthesis, major paradigm shifts are needed as also the
answering of `What is Time?' The object of this submission is to point out the
means of achieving such a grand synthesis. Currently the main pillars
supporting the edifice of physics are: (i) The geometrical concepts of space-
time-gravitation, (ii) The dynamic concepts involving quantum of action, (iii)
Statistical thermodynamic concepts, heat and entropy, (iv) Mathematical
concepts, tools and techniques serving both as a grand plan and the means of
calculation and last but not least v)Controlled observation, pertinent
experimentation as the final arbiter. In making major changes the author is
following Dirac's dictum "....make changes without sacrificing the existing
superstructure". It is shown that time can be treated as a parameter rather
than an additional dimension. A new entity called "Ekon" having the properties
of both space and momentum is introduced along with a space called
"Chalachala". The requisite connection with Einstein's formulation and
mathematical aperatus required have been formulated which is highly suited for
the purpose. The primacy of the Plancks quantum of action and its
representation geometrically as a twist is introduced. The practical and
numerical estimates have been made and applied to evaluation of the
gravitational constant in a a seperate submission "Estimations of gravitational
constant from CMBR data".


title: Entropic Approach for Reduction of Amino Acid Alphabets

abstract:
  The primitive data for deducing the Miyazawa-Jernigan contact energy or
BLOSUM score metrix are the pair frequency counts. Each amino acid corresponds
to a distribution. Taking the Kullback-Leibler distance of two probability
distributions as resemblance coefficient and relating cluster to mixed
population, we perform cluster analysis of amino acids based on the frequecy
counts data. Furthermore, Ward's clustering is also obtained by adopting the
average score as an objective function. An ordinal cophenetic is introduced to
compare results from different clustering methods.


title: The statistical dynamics of thin vortex line

abstract:
  We discuss the statistical properties of a single vortex line in a perfect
fluid. The partition function is calculated up to the end in the thin vortex
approximation. It turns out that corresponding theory is renormalizable, and
the renormalization law for the core size of the vortex is found. The direction
of renormalization group flow makes the thin vortex approximation to be valid
for the interest cases and this result does not depend on the choice of
infrared regularization. The expressions for some gauge-invariant correlators
are obtained to demonstrate the developed formalism at work.


title: Nonlinear equation for curved stationary flames

abstract:
  A nonlinear equation describing curved stationary flames with arbitrary gas
expansion $\theta = \rho_{{\rm fuel}}/\rho_{{\rm burnt}}$, subject to the
Landau-Darrieus instability, is obtained in a closed form without an assumption
of weak nonlinearity. It is proved that in the scope of the asymptotic
expansion for $\theta \to 1,$ the new equation gives the true solution to the
problem of stationary flame propagation with the accuracy of the sixth order in
$\theta - 1.$ In particular, it reproduces the stationary version of the
well-known Sivashinsky equation at the second order corresponding to the
approximation of zero vorticity production. At higher orders, the new equation
describes influence of the vorticity drift behind the flame front on the front
structure. Its asymptotic expansion is carried out explicitly, and the
resulting equation is solved analytically at the third order. For arbitrary
values of $\theta,$ the highly nonlinear regime of fast flow burning is
investigated, for which case a large flame velocity expansion of the nonlinear
equation is proposed.


title: Uses of a Quantum Master Inequality

abstract:
  An inequality in quantum mechanics, which does not appear to be well known,
is derived by elementary means and shown to be quite useful. The inequality
applies to 'all' operators and 'all' pairs of quantum states, including mixed
states. It generalizes the rule of the orthogonality of eigenvectors for
distinct eigenvalues and is shown to imply all the Robertson generalized
uncertainty relations. It severely constrains the difference between
probabilities obtained from 'close' quantum states and the different responses
they can have to unitary transformations. Thus, it is dubbed a master
inequality. With appropriate definitions the inequality also holds throughout
general probability theory and appears not to be well known there either. That
classical inequality is obtained here in an appendix. The quantum inequality
can be obtained from the classical version but a more direct quantum approach
is employed here. A similar but weaker classical inequality has been reported
by Uffink and van Lith.


title:
A theory of electromagnetism with uniquely defined potential and
  covariant conserved spin

abstract:
  A theory of electromagnetism is proposed that is based on the Fermi
Lagrangian, which is symmetric under electromagnetic spin rotation. Its
features are: - the four-potential is unambiguously determined by the
inhomogeneous wave equation and boundary conditions at infinity. - the Lorenz
condition and minimal coupling then follow from charge conservation. -
electromagnetic spin is conserved and spin operators can be defined without
sacrificing covariance. - quantisation is fully covariant, without redefining
the metric. - all experimental predictions are the same as in the standard
theory. This result proves that electromagnetic gauge invariance is redundant
as a fundamental principle of physics.


title: The Early Universe and the Standard Model of Particle Physics

abstract:
  The most well tested and successful model of particle physics is the Standard
Model (SM). It is shown here that the restoration of the full SM symmetry (as
in the Early Universe) leads to the result that the electric charge loses all
physical meaning and hence does not exist above this scale, As a direct
consequence of this we show that `time', `light' along with its velocity c and
therefore the theory of relativity, all lose any physical meaning. The
space-time structure as known to us, disappears in this phase transition. Thus
it is hypothesized that the Universe came into existence when the SM symmetry $
SU(3)_c \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes U(1)_Y $ was spontaneously broken to $ SU(3)_c
\otimes U(1)_{em} $. This does not require any spurious extensions of the SM
and in a natural and consistent manner explains the origin of the Universe
within the framework of the SM itself. Thus the SM, in addition to all its
successes, has within itself, the capablity of giving a consistent decription
of the origin of the Universe.


title:
Electrodynamics in the zero-point field: on the equilibrium spectral
  energy distribution and the origin of inertial mass

abstract:
  Attempts at an electromagnetic explanation of the inertial mass of charged
particles have recently been revived within the framework of Stochastic
Electrodynamics, characterized by the adoption of a classical version of the
electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF). Recent claims of progress in that area
have to some extent received support from related claims that the classical
equilibrium spectrum of charged matter is that of the classically conceived
ZPF. The purpose of this note is to suggest that some strong qualifications
should accompany these claims. It is pointed out that a classical massless
charge cannot acquire mass from nothing as a result of immersion in any EM
field, and therefore that the ZPF alone cannot provide a full explanation of
inertial mass. Of greater concern, it is observed that the peculiar
circumstances under which classical matter is in equilibrium with the ZPF do
not concur with observation.


title: Information Mechanics

abstract:
  For many years, major theoretical efforts have been underway to unify gravity
and the other forces. Today I suggest a different direction for unification;
that of the unification of action and entropy. Exploring a few different
derivations of this governing thought, we unveil new physics in that the
variance of a particle is dependent on its absolute velocity. While this theory
has multiple simple arguments that point in the same direction, it might seem
speculative. Thus, a testable hypothesis is put forward that "particles move
via the discrete Bernoulli process" which is a core assumption of these
derivations. Still anticipating resistance to exploring this line of thinking,
an experiment to measure the variance of jitter was undertaken. The experiment
has collected 2 years of continuous jitter on 2 clocks and calculated the
Fourier Transform of its magnitude. Three spikes in the data, which combine to
19+ sigma away from current theory, are not only predicted by our hypothesis,
but the best fit parameters of the hypothesis suggest the Earth is moving with
the same velocity as the Planck collaboration measured Earth is moving in the
Cosmic Microwave Reference Frame. Lastly this line of thinking, where one
explores the variance instead of the mean value of a particle's location, is
worthwhile as it gives insight into the original desire to unify gravity with
quantum mechanics.


title: New 357 MHz Sub Harmonic Buncher

abstract:
  KEK-ATF is doing R&D establishing high-current and low-emittance electron
beam for the future linear colliders. In ATF, 15 ps length electron beam is
generated by combination of a thermionic gun, a couple of 357 MHz SHBs, and a
S-band TW buncher. In the linac, beam instability caused by the fluctuated
amplitude and phase of SHBs has been observed. The reason of the fluctuation is
considered to be the multi-pacting in the SHB cavity. In addition, Q value of
the cavity is almost half of the designed value, then SHBs are not operated in
an optimum condition. We have fabricated new SHBs with considerations avoiding
the multi-pacting and recovering Q value. A simulation shows that bunching
quality is improved with the new SHB cavity.


title:
Estimation of Gravitational Constant `G_N' from CMBR data and Hubble's
  parameter

abstract:
  In the companion submission by the author entitled "What is Time ? A New
Mathematico-Physical and Information Theoretic Approach" broad outlines of the
Nature of Time that could be formulated on the basis of a finite coarse grained
and growing universe named CHALACHALA with the most basic entities called EKONS
has been sketched. Planck's Quantum of action has been given in the form of
angle (ratio). It has been possible to estimate the Gn by postulating that the
number of EKONS in the universe is just enough to make the universe flat. The
total number of EKONS constituting the universe and the number density have
been estimated. The resulting values agree within 17.5% of the measured value.
With these the mass of EKON has been estimated and applied to find the number
of EKONS constituting an electron and it is surmised that this number should be
prime and an estimate of this number has been made both for the electron and
the proton. It is shown that the EKON constant gives a definite meaning to the
cold matter hypothesis. Link with statistical thermodynamics has been
established. A number of relevant references and apt quotes from Eddington,
Dirac and Tolmon have been given.


title:
Static NLO susceptibilities: testing approximation schemes against exact
  results

abstract:
  The reliability of the approximations commonly adopted in the calculation of
static optical (hyper)polarizabilities is tested against exact results obtained
for an interesting toy-model. The model accounts for the principal features of
typical nonlinear organic materials with mobile electrons strongly coupled to
molecular vibrations. The approximations introduced in sum over states and
finite field schemes are analyzed in detail. Both the Born-Oppenheimer and the
clamped nucleus approximations turn out to be safe for molecules, whereas for
donor-acceptor charge transfer complexes deviations from adiabaticity are
expected. In the regime of low vibrational frequency, static susceptibilities
are strongly dominated by the successive derivatives of the potential energy
and large vibrational contributions to hyperpolarizabilities are found. In this
regime anharmonic corrections to hyperpolarizabilities are very large, and the
harmonic approximation, exact for the linear polarizability, turns out totally
inadequate for nonlinear responses. With increasing phonon frequency the role
of vibrations smoothly decreases, until, in the antiadiabatic (infinite
vibrational frequency) regime, vibrations do not contribute anymore to static
susceptibilities, and the purely electronic responses are regained.


title:
Vibronic contributions to resonant NLO responses: two-photon absorption
  in push-pull chromophores

abstract:
  Two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of push-pull chromophores are described
in terms of a two-state model accounting for electron-vibration coupling.
Vibrations have two main effects in TPA spectra. The most obvious one is the
appearance of a vibrational structure in the spectrum; in this respect we find
large Herzberg-Teller contributions. The second effect was not recognized so
far: vibrational states contribute a new channel to TPA process, that shows up
with a blue-shift and a distortion of the spectrum. Vibrational-channel
contributions to other NLO responses are shortly discussed.


title: Edge waves along a sloping beach

abstract:
  We construct a family of explicit rotational solutions to the nonlinear
governing equations for water waves, describing edge waves propagating over a
plane-sloping beach. A detailed analysis of the edge wave dynamics and of the
run-up pattern is made possible by the use of the Lagrangian approach to the
water motion. A graphical representation of the edge wave is also presented.


title: Lessons From the Physics-Education Reform Effort

abstract:
  Several years ago I reported a survey (Hake 1998a,b,c) of pre/post test data
for 62 introductory physics courses enrolling a total of 6542 students. The
present article provides a summary of that survey and presents fourteen lessons
from the physics-education reform effort that may assist the general upgrading
of education and science literacy.


title: Introducing Time Dependence into the Static Maxwell Equations

abstract:
  Using to a minimum extent special relativity input, and relying on the
Lorentz-force expression for the force acting on a charged particle in motion
under the influence of electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields, the Maxwell curl
equations are shown to follow from the covariance of the two Maxwell divergence
equations ${\div\cdot E} = 4\pi\rho$ and ${\div\cdot B} = 0$.


title:
Sub-nanosecond, time-resolved, broadband infrared spectroscopy using
  synchrotron radiation

abstract:
  A facility for sub-nanosecond time-resolved (pump-probe) infrared
spectroscopy has been developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of
Brookhaven National Laboratory. A mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser produces 2 ps
duration, tunable near-IR pump pulses synchronized to probe pulses from a
synchrotron storage ring. The facility is unique on account of the broadband
infrared from the synchrotron, which allows the entire spectral range from 2
cm-1 (0.25 meV) to 20,000 cm-1 (2.5 eV) to be probed. A temporal resolution of
200 ps, limited by the infrared synchrotron-pulse duration, is achieved. A
maximum time delay of 170 ns is available without gating the infrared detector.
To illustrate the performance of the facility, a measurement of electron-hole
recombination dynamics for an HgCdTe semiconductor film in the far- and mid
infrared range is presented.


title: The Kraichnan-Kazantsev dynamo

abstract:
  The problem of the dynamo effect for a Kraichnan incompressible helicity-free
velocity field is considered. Exploiting a quantum formalism first introduced
by Kazantsev (A.P. Kazantsev, Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 1031-1034 (1968)), we show
that a critical magnetic Reynolds number exists for the presence of dynamo. The
value of the Prandtl number influences the spatial distribution of the magnetic
field and its growth in time. The magnetic field correlation length is always
the largest between the diffusive scale and the viscous scale of the flow. In
the same way the field growth is characterized by a time scale that corresponds
to the largest between the diffusive and the viscous characteristic time.


title: Exploring closed-loop feedback control using experiments in optics

abstract:
  We present two experiments in closed-loop feedback control. In the first
experiment, students control the pointing angle of a laser to "lock" the laser
onto a "target." In the second, students stabilize the pathlength difference in
two arms of a Michelson interferometer. These experiments are appropriate for
electronics and optics laboratory classes for junior and senior level students.


title: Multipole response of doped $^3$He drops

abstract:
  The multipole response of $^3$He$_N$ drops doped with very attractive
impurities, such as a Xe atom or an SF$_6$ molecule, has been investigated in
the framework of the Finite Range Density Functional Theory and the Random
Phase Approximation. We show that volume ($L$ = 0) and surface ($L$ = 1, 2)
modes become more fragmented, as compared with the results obtained for pure
$^3$He$_N$ drops. In addition, the dipole mean energy goes smoothly to zero
when $N$ increases, indicating that for large $N$ values these impurities are
delocalized in the bulk of the drop.


title: Maternal effects in molecular evolution

abstract:
  We introduce a model of molecular evolution in which the fitness of an
individual depends both on its own and on the parent's genotype. The model can
be solved by means of a nonlinear mapping onto the standard quasispecies model.
The dependency on the parental genotypes cancels from the mean fitness, but not
from the individual sequence concentrations. For finite populations, the
position of the error threshold is very sensitive to the influence from parent
genotypes. In addition to biological applications, our model is important for
understanding the dynamics of self-replicating computer programs.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft nlin.AO q-bio.PE


title: Non Commutativity, Fluctuations and Unification

abstract:
  We point out that in the non commutativity and breakdown of conventional
spacetime at micro scales lies the seed to the unification of gravitation and
electromagnetism.


title:
An angular correlation theory for double photoionization in a rare gas
  atom

abstract:
  We consider the process of double photoionization (DPI) in a rare gas atom as
a two-step process, namely (i) photoionization in an inner shell followed by
(ii) the emission of an Auger electron from an outer shell. An angular
correlation function for the two emitted electrons is defined by analogy with
the theory of angular correlation in nuclear physics. An expression is obtained
for this angular correlation function by a statistical method which makes use
of the density and efficiency operators. The latter takes care of the
attenuation of the probability of detection of an electrons due to the
geometrical properties of the detector. Theoretical values of the angular
correlation function are obtained for DPI in xenon and these are shown to be in
good agreement with the experimental results given by K\"{a}mmerling and
Schmidt.


title: Gravitational oscillations of a liquid column

abstract:
  We report gravity oscillations of a liquid column partially immersed in a
bath of liquid. We stress in particular some peculiarities of this system,
namely (i) the fact that the mass of this oscillator constantly changes with
time; (ii) the singular character of the beginning of the rise, for which the
mass of the oscillator is zero; (iii) the sources of dissipation in this
system, which is found to be dominated at low viscosity by the entrance (or
exit) effects, leading to a long-range damping of the oscillations. We conclude
with some qualitative description of a second-order phenomenon, namely the
eruption of a jet at the beginning of the rise.


title: How simple is simple pendulum

abstract:
  The simple pendulum is one of the first experiments that students of higher
physics do. There are certain precautions which the students are asked to take
while performing the experiment. In this note we will try to explain as to why
these precautions are taken up and what will happen if we relax them.


title:
Preferential Acceleration of Coherent Magnetic Structures and Bursty
  Bulk Flows in Earth's Magnetotail

abstract:
  Observations indicate that the magnetotail convection is turbulent and
bi-modal, consisting of fast bursty bulk flows (BBF) and a nearly stagnant
background. We demonstrate that this observed phenomenon may be understood in
terms of the intermittent interactions, dynamic mergings and preferential
accelerations of coherent magnetic structures under the influence of a
background magnetic field geometry that is consistent with the development of
an X-point mean-field structure.


title:
Frequency Resolved Measurement of Longitudinal Impedances Using
  Transient Beam Diagnostics

abstract:
  In this paper we present several techniques for characterizing longitudinal
impedances based on transient measurements of the growth rates and tune shifts
of unstable coupled-bunch modes. These techniques are applicable to measurement
of both fundamental and higher-order mode impedances and allow characterization
of shunt impedances and quality factors of the HOMs. Methods presented here are
complementary to lab bench measurements of RF cavities, in that the beam based
measurements directly sense the physical impedance in the installed
configuration. In contrast to a single-bunch integrated impedance measurement
these techniques resolve the impedances in the frequency domain. These methods
allow determination of the impedance's unaliased frequency by analyzing
synchronous phase transients. Experimental results from ALS and BESSY-II are
presented showing the use of these techniques to measure complex impedances.


title: Fluctuations in the Quantum Vacuum

abstract:
  We argue that it is a fluctuational underpinning of the Quantum vacuum which
on the one hand gives a stochastic character to the conservation laws, and on
the other is required for explaining the recently observed acceleration of the
universe. This also provides us with the arrow of time, in a consistent
cosmology.


title:
Renormalization Group Approach to the Beam-Beam Interaction in Circular
  Colliders

abstract:
  Building on the Renormalization Group (RG) method the beam-beam interaction
in circular colliders is studied. A regularized symplectic RG beam-beam map,
that describes successfully the long-time asymptotic behavior of the original
system has been obtained. The integral of motion possessed by the regularized
RG map has been used to construct the invariant phase space density (stationary
distribution function), and a coupled set of nonlinear integral equations for
the distributions of the two colliding beams has been derived.


title:
Improving the effectiveness of introductory physics service courses:
  Bridging to engineering courses

abstract:
  A simple model to help students see the connections between a physics course
and their engineering major is described. "Bridging" had positive effects on
performance, attitude, and motivation, as measured by grade analyses, surveys,
and student and faculty comments. In addition to the improved performance,
enrollment in the physics course was also found to increase considerably during
the two years of the bridging. The bridging model can be applied to a variety
of courses and suggested components are discussed here.


title: Topologically Modulated Signals and Predicate Gates For Their Processing

abstract:
  In the paper electromagnetic signals distinguished by their discrete
modulation of spatial distributions of fields and amplitudes are considered.
Amplitudes of the impulses play a role of predicates and discrete spatial
distributions of fields serve as predicate variables. Designed electronic gates
are different by parallelism of the signal processing and allow to create a
predicate processor for artificial intellect applications.


title: An intense, slow and cold beam of metastable Ne(3s) ^3P_2 atoms

abstract:
  We employ laser cooling to intensify and cool an atomic beam of metastable
Ne(3s) atoms. Using several collimators, a slower and a compressor we achieve a
^{20}Ne^* flux of 6 10^{10} atoms/s in an 0.7 mm diameter beam traveling at 100
m/s, and having longitudinal and transverse temperatures of 25mK and 300microK,
respectively. This constitutes the highest flux in a concentrated beam achieved
to date with metastable rare gas atoms. We characterize the action of the
various cooling stages in terms of their influence on the flux, diameter and
divergence of the atomic beam. The brightness and brilliance achieved are 2.1
10^{21} s^{-1} m^{-2} sr^{-1} and 5.0 10^{22} s^{-1} m^{-2} sr^{-1},
respectively, comparable to the highest values reported for alkali-metal beams.
Bright beams of the ^{21}Ne and ^{22}Ne isotopes have also been created.


title: On the regular-geometric-figure solution to the N-body problem

abstract:
  The regular-geometric-figure solution to the $N$-body problem is presented in
a very simple way. The Newtonian formalism is used without resorting to a more
involved rotating coordinate system. Those configurations occur for other kinds
of interactions beyond the gravitational ones for some special values of the
parameters of the forces. For the harmonic oscillator, in particular, it is
shown that the $N$-body problem is reduced to $N$ one-body problems.


title: Standardizing distance and time

abstract:
  Einstein's Equivalence Principle is used with the electromagnetic spectrum to
translate meters and seconds into radians and seconds. Based on a unique
geometric relationship, a new transformation of velocities and a changed
Lorentz transformation result. The physical angle of parallelism is quantified.
The way we measure distance and time is standardized, constructing a theory of
time and geometry to the universe.


title:
Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnetic
  Moment: Considerations Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift

abstract:
  A fundamentally new understanding of the classical electromagetic interaction
of a point charge and a magnetic moment through order second order in 1/c is
suggested. This relativistic analysis connects together hidden momentum in
magnets, Solem's strange polarization of the classical hydrogen atom, and the
Aharonov-Bohm Phase shift. We use a relativistic magnetic moment model
consisting of many superimposed classical hydrogen atoms interacting through
the Darwin Lagrangian with an external charge but not with each other. The
analysis of Solem regarding the strange polarization of the classical hydrogen
atom is seen to give a fundamentally different mechanism for the electric field
of the passing charge to change the magnetic moment. The changing magnetic
moment leads to an electric force back at the point charge which i)is second
order in 1/c, ii)depends upon the magnetic dipole moment, changing sign with
the dipole moment, iii)is odd in the charge q of the passing charge, and
iv)reverses sign for charges passing on opposite sides of the magnetic moment.
We suggest that a realistic multi-particle magnetic moment involves a changing
magnetic moment which keeps the electromagnetic field momentum constant. This
means also that the magnetic moment does not allow a significant shift in its
internal center of energy. This criterion also implies that the Lorentz forces
on the charged particle and on the point charge are equal and opposite and that
the center of energy of each moves according to Newton's second law where the
force is exactly the Lorentz force. Finally, we note that the results and
suggestion given here are precisely what are needed to explain both the
Aharonov-Bohm phase shift and the Aharonov-Casher phase shift as arising from
classical electromagnetic forces.


title:
Transformation of an Electromagnetic Field into Gravitational Field in
  Model of Extended Space:Prediction and Experiment

abstract:
  Series of experiments were carried out to check the prediction concerning the
possibility to generate gravitational field when charged massive particles
decelerated in the in substance. As a source of the charged particles was used
the accelerator of the electrons. The narrow bundle relativistic electrons
(average power of a bundle 450 W, electrons energy about 30 MeV) were directed
on a stopping target made from tungsten where electrons deceleration happened.
  The measurements have shown emerging statistically of authentic deviation of
a rotating pendulum, one of which massive cargoes was near to the stopping
target, in the moment when the bundle of relativistic electrons decelerated in
the stopping target. Also was fixed changing of direction of the pendulum
rotation when stopping target was shifted from one end of a pendulum to
another. The magnitude of force that calls a deviation of the pendulum has
upper limit 0,000001 N.


title: Gravo-inertial field theory

abstract:
  Inertia is defined axiomatically. The gravitational field is caused by the
flow of intergalactic masses. Origin of space and time are connected with
fields. The cosmos is bounded by inertia and gravitation, which is the sequence
of existence of two fields, the inertial field and the gravic field as a vortex
field.Gravic and inertial field combine to a unit, the gravo-inertial field.
The separation in gravic and inertial components depend on the coordinate
system of motion.


title:
From the epicycles of the Greeks to Kepler's ellipse - The breakdown of
  the circle paradigm

abstract:
  The principle that celestial bodies must move on circular orbits or on paths
resulting from the composition of circular orbits has been assumed as a
constant guide in the astronomical thougth of the peoples facing the
Mediterranean sea as from the second century B.C. until the beginning of the
XVII century. The mathematical model based on such an assumption, the theory of
epicycles in all its versions and modifications, has been taken as a scheme for
all astronomical calculations during at least eighteen centuries, from
Hipparcus to Kepler. As it is known, in Astronomia Nova (1609), Kepler succeded
to establish the two laws which after him were named the first and the second
Kepler's laws. The revolution he performed by giving up the circle paradigm is
of fundamental importance and represents the indispensable premise to Newtonian
theory. This revolution, the result of what Kepler called his "war" against
Mars, is usually underestimated if one considers the break carried out with
respect to the pre-Kepler celestial kinematics. In "Astronomia Nova" we assist
to the attempt of Kepler to get for Mars an orbit consistent with the results
of Tycho Brahe's observations. Passing through several phases and step by step
discarding the hypoteses wich gave results in contrast with observations,
Kepler arrived at establishing that the orbit of Mars around the Sun is an
ellipse. Here an esposition is given of this work of analysis by Kepler wich
is, in the history of science, one of the early examples of rigorous setting up
of a model which correctly explains the experimental results.


title: The Feynman Path Goes Monte Carlo

abstract:
  Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations have become an important tool
for the investigation of the statistical mechanics of quantum systems. I
discuss some of the history of applying the Monte Carlo method to
non-relativistic quantum systems in path-integral representation. The principle
feasibility of the method was well established by the early eighties, a number
of algorithmic improvements have been introduced in the last two decades.


title: A single hollow beam optical trap for cold atoms

abstract:
  We present an optical trap for atoms that we have developed for precision
spectroscopy measurements. Cold atoms are captured in a dark region of space
inside a blue-detuned hollow laser beam formed by an axicon. We analyze the
light potential in a ray optics picture and experimentally demonstrate trapping
of laser-cooled metastable xenon atoms.


title: The Binary Model of Physical Vacuum

abstract:
  The binary model of physical vacuum is considered. This model reveals unified
cause-and-effect mechanism of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions.
The model of binary vacuum does not identify physical vacuum to a substance as
the model of mechanical ether does, but presents physical vacuum as the unity
of two simultaneously everywhere existed non-structural electrical elementary
media. They are just the same except for their signs. They diffusively and
uniformly penetrate into each other. Each of them is continuousal and possesses
the elastic modulus of dilatation and the elastic mutual-shearing modulus. The
shearing-strain theory of elementary media describes all modern relative
electrodynamics and answers the unknown before questions: how do the electric
charges, electric and magnetic fields arrange in nature; what are the
cause-and-effect relations in Coulomb and Lorentz forces; why are the
electromagnetic waves transversal. The theory of monolithic (combined)
deformations of world elementary media (near neutral bodies) is the theory of
relative gravitation. In particular it determines unknown before
gravitational-energy density, converts the experimental Newton law of
gravitation into a speculative result.


title:
Magic number behavior for heat capacities of medium sized classical
  Lennard-Jones clusters

abstract:
  Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate heat capacities as functions of
temperature for classical atomic clusters of aggregate sizes $25 \leq N \leq
60$ that were bound by pairwise Lennard-Jones potentials. The parallel
tempering method was used to overcome convergence difficulties due to
quasiergodicity in the solid-liquid phase-change regions. All of the clusters
studied had pronounced peaks in their heat capacity curves, most of which
corresponded to their solid-liquid phase-change regions. The heat capacity peak
height and location exhibited two general trends as functions of cluster size:
for $N = 25$ to 36, the peak temperature slowly increased, while the peak
height slowly decreased, disappearing by $N = 37$; for $N = 30$, a very small
secondary peak at very low temperature emerged and quickly increased in size
and temperature as $N$ increased, becoming the dominant peak by $N = 36$.
Superimposed on these general trends were smaller fluctuations in the peak
heights that corresponded to ``magic number'' behavior, with local maxima found
at $N = 36, 39, 43, 46$ and 49, and the largest peak found at $N = 55$. These
magic numbers were a subset of the magic numbers found for other cluster
properties, and can be largely understood in terms of the clusters' underlying
geometries. Further insights into the melting behavior of these clusters were
obtained from quench studies and by examining rms bond length fluctuations.


title: A guided Monte Carlo method for optimization problems

abstract:
  We introduce a new Monte Carlo method by incorporating a guided distribution
function to the conventional Monte Carlo method. In this way, the efficiency of
Monte Carlo methods is drastically improved. To further speed up the algorithm,
we include two more ingredients into the algorithm. First, we freeze the
sub-patterns that have high probability of appearance during the search for
optimal solution, resulting in a reduction of the phase space of the problem.
Second, we perform the simulation at a temperature which is within the optimal
temperature range of the optimization search in our algorithm. We use this
algorithm to search for the optimal path of the traveling salesman problem and
the ground state energy of the spin glass model and demonstrate that its
performance is comparable with more elaborate and heuristic methods.