title:
Free energy of liquid water on the basis of quasi-chemical theory and ab
  initio molecular dynamics

abstract:
  We use ab initio molecular dynamics as a basis for quasi-chemical theory
evaluation of the free energy of water near conventional liquid thermodynamic
states. The PW91, PBE, and revised PBE (rPBE) functionals are employed. The
oxygen radial density distribution, gOO(r), using the rPBE functional is in
reasonable agreement with current experiments, whereas the PW91 and PBE
functionals predict a more structured gOO(r). The diffusion coefficient with
the rPBE functional is in reasonable accord with experiments. Using a maximum
entropy procedure, we obtain x_0 from the coordination number distribution x_n
for oxygen atoms having n neighbors. Likewise, we obtain p_0 from p_n, the
probability of observing cavities of specified radius containing n water
molecules. The probability x_0 is a measure of the local chemical interactions
and is central to the quasi-chemical theory of solutions. The probability p_0,
central to the theory of liquids, is a measure of the free energy required to
open cavities of defined sizes in the solvent. Using these values and a
reasonable model for electrostatic and dispersion effects, the hydration free
energy of water in water at 314K is calculated to be -5.1kcal/mole with the
rPBE functional, in encouraging agreement with the experimental value of
-6.1kcal/mole.


title:
Definition and measurement of the local density of electromagnetic
  states close to an interface

abstract:
  We propose in this article an unambiguous definition of the local density of
electromagnetic states (LDOS) in a vacuum near an interface in an equilibrium
situation at temperature $T$. We show that the LDOS depends only on the
electric field Green function of the system but does not reduce in general to
the trace of its imaginary part as often used in the literature. We illustrate
this result by a study of the LDOS variations with the distance to an interface
and point out deviations from the standard definition. We show nevertheless
that this definition remains correct at frequencies close to the material
resonances such as surface polaritons. We also study the feasability of
detecting such a LDOS with apetureless SNOM techniques. We first show that a
thermal near-field emission spectrum above a sample should be detectable and
that this measurement could give access to the electromagnetic LDOS. It is
further shown that the apertureless SNOM is the optical analog of the scanning
tunneling microscope which is known to detect the electronic LDOS. We also
discuss some recent SNOM experiments aimed at detecting the electromagnetic
LDOS.


title: The Relativistic Elasticity of Rigid Bodies

abstract:
  In 1909 Born studied the "relativistic undeformable body" but made the
mistake of calling it "rigid". The "rigid body" as one can find in Relativity
books is, in fact, this Born "undeformable body". In Relativity it is necessary
to distinguish between "rigid" and "undeformable". The "undeformable" body (in
the sense of the most rigid possible) must be the "deformable" body where
schock waves propagate with maximum speed c. We present in this text the
elastic laws for rigid bodies. We think that these laws, which are ignored by
the majority of relativists, should be taught in the elementary relativistic
courses. With the approach of 2005, the centenary year of Relativity, we should
like to appeal to all those who have some influence on these matters to avoid
this mistake of repeatedly calling "rigid" to the "undeformable body".


title: On the Capacity of Nonlinear Fiber Channels

abstract:
  The nonlinearity of a transmission fiber may be compensated by a specialty
fiber and an optical phase conjugator. Such combination may be used to
pre-distort signals before each fiber span so to linearize an entire
transmission line.


title: Oblique frozen modes in periodic layered media

abstract:
  We study the classical scattering problem of a plane electromagnetic wave
incident on the surface of semi-infinite periodic stratified media
incorporating anisotropic dielectric layers with special oblique orientation of
the anisotropy axes. We demonstrate that an obliquely incident light, upon
entering the periodic slab, gets converted into an abnormal grazing mode with
huge amplitude and zero normal component of the group velocity. This mode
cannot be represented as a superposition of extended and evanescent
contributions. Instead, it is related to a general (non-Bloch) Floquet
eigenmode with the amplitude diverging linearly with the distance from the slab
boundary. Remarkably, the slab reflectivity in such a situation can be very
low, which means an almost 100% conversion of the incident light into the
axially frozen mode with the electromagnetic energy density exceeding that of
the incident wave by several orders of magnitude. The effect can be realized at
any desirable frequency, including optical and UV frequency range. The only
essential physical requirement is the presence of dielectric layers with proper
oblique orientation of the anisotropy axes. Some practical aspects of this
phenomenon are considered.


title:
Two Means of Compensating Fiber Nonlinearity Using Optical Phase
  Conjugation

abstract:
  Two fiber lines may compensate each other for nonlinearity with the help of
optical phase conjugation. The pair of fiber lines and the optical signals in
them may be either mirror-symmetric or translationally symmetric about the
conjugator.


title:
Direct Test of the Time-Independence of Fundamental Nuclear Constants
  Using the Oklo Natural Reactor

abstract:
  [NOTE: This 1983 preprint is being uploaded to arXiv.org after the death of
its author, who supported online distribution of his work. Contact info of the
submitter is at http://ilya.cc .]
  The positions of neutron resonances have been shown to be highly sensitive to
the variation of fundamental nuclear constants. The analysis of the measured
isotopic shifts in the natural fossil reactor at Oklo gives the following
restrictions on the possible rates of the interaction constants variation:
strong ~2x10^-19 yr^-1, electromagnetic ~5x10^-18 yr^-1, weak ~10^-12 yr^-1.
These limits permit to exclude all the versions of nuclear constants
contemporary variation discussed in the literature. URL: http://alexonline.info
>. For more recent analyses see hep-ph/9606486, hep-ph/0205206 and
astro-ph/0204069 .


title:
Scattering matrix approach to the resonant states and Q-values of
  microdisk lasing cavities

abstract:
  We have developed a scattering-matrix approach for numerical calculation of
resonant states and Q-values of a nonideal optical disk cavity of an arbitrary
shape and of an arbitrary varying refraction index. The developed method has
been applied to study the effect of surface roughness and inhomogeneity of the
refraction index on Q-values of microdisk cavities for lasing applications. We
demonstrate that even small surface roughness can lead to a drastic degradation
of high-Q cavity modes by many orders of magnitude. The results of numerical
simulation are analyzed and explained in terms of wave reflection at a curved
dielectric interface combined with the examination of Poincare surfaces of
section and Husimi distributions.


title:
Double differential cross sections for ionization of hydrogen atoms by
  electron impact in hyperspherical partial wave theory

abstract:
  The calculated double differential cross sections for 60eV energy, where the
cross sections are also maximum, agree with the measured results of Shyn (1992)
in a much better way compaired to other theories for such energies.


title: Relativistic calculations of isotope shifts in highly charged ions

abstract:
  The isotope shifts of forbidden transitions in Be- and B-like argon ions are
calculated. It is shown that only using the relativistic recoil operator can
provide a proper evaluation of the mass isotope shift, which strongly dominates
over the field isotope shift for the ions under consideration. Comparing the
isotope shifts calculated with the current experimental uncertainties indicates
very good perspectives for a first test of the relativistic theory of the
recoil effect in middle-Z ions.


title: Crystal Cleaning of the LHC Beam

abstract:
  Channeling crystal can serve as a primary scraper for the collimation system
of the Large Hadron Collider. Crystal scraper works in efficient, predictable,
reliable manner with beams of very high intensity over years, and meets
technical requirements imposed on the LHC collimation system. If used as a
primary element in the LHC collimation system, crystal would make the machine
cleaner by a factor of 10 to 40.


title: Effect of the superconducting wiggler on the DELSY beam dynamics

abstract:
  The project DELSY is being under development at JINR, Dubna, Russia. This
synchrotron radiation source is dedicated to the investigation on condensed
matter physics, atomic physics, biology, medicine, chemistry, micromechanics,
lithography and others. The storage ring DELSY is an electron storage ring with
the beam energy 1.2 GeV and 4 straight sections to accommodate accelerator
equipment and insertion devices. One of the straight sections is intended for a
10 T superconducting wiggler (wavelength shifter) and one for the undulator
with 150 periods and a magnetic field of 0.75 T. The wiggler will influence
many aspects of beam dynamics: linear motion, dynamic aperture, emittance,
damping times etc. The problem is rather serious for the DELSY machine because
the energy of the electron beam is small while the wiggler's magnetic field is
strong. In this paper we consider two models of the wiggler's magnetic field
with and without the focusing caused by the sextupolar field of the wiggler as
we need to develop the requirements to the wiggler design. We study the
influence of the 10 T wiggler on the beam dynamics in the DELSY storage ring
and propose a possible scheme to cure it. The combined work of the insertion
device is presented too.


title:
Note on transformation to general curvilinear coordinates for Maxwell's
  curl equations (Is the magnetic field vector axial?)

abstract:
  Arguments for H and B to be considered `axial', or pseudo vectors, are
revisited. As a point against, we examine the complex-coordinate method for
numerical grid truncation and mode loss analysis proved very successful in
computational electrodynamics. This method is not compatible with convention
that H and B are axial.


title: Realization logical operation on base of the quantum neuron

abstract:
  Two possible realizations of the formal neuron are considered as quantum
system. The first type complies with classical system. The second type vastly
increases the possible problems.


title: A Possible Mechanism of Biological Memories in terms of Quantum Fluids

abstract:
  A mechanism of memories, especially biological memories, is studied in terms
of quantum fluids. Two-dimensional flows in central potentials
$V_a(\rho)=-a^2g_a\rho^{2(a-1)}$ ($a\not=0$ and $\rho=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$) have
zero-energy eigenstates that degenerate infinitely for all $a$. It is shown
that stable standing waves constructed from the zero-energy flows are confined
in various types of polygons which can be the minimum units of memory systems.
Vortex patterns awoken in the units by stimuli correspond to the memories of
the stimuli. This memory system is not a system for preserving memories as
usual but that for awaking memories. The system has interesting properties;
  (i) the absolute economy as for the energy consumption,
  (ii) the infinite variety for a huge number of memories,
  (iii) the perfect recovery of the system from any disturbances by stimuli,
and
  (iv) the large flexibility in the construction of the system.
  A process for thinking is also proposed in terms of this memory system.


title: Observation of Sommerfeld precursors on a fluid surface

abstract:
  We report the observation of two types of Sommerfeld precursors (or
forerunners) on the surface of a layer of mercury. When the fluid depth
increases, we observe a transition between these two precursor surface waves in
good agreement with the predictions of asymptotic analysis. At depths thin
enough compared to the capillary length, high frequency precursors propagate
ahead of the ''main signal'' and their period and amplitude, measured at a
fixed point, increase in time. For larger depths, low frequency ''precursors''
follow the main signal with decreasing period and amplitude. These behaviors
are understood in the framework of the analysis first introduced for linear
transient electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium by Sommerfeld and
Brillouin [1].


title: Textos de f\'{\i}sica para professores e estudantes

abstract:
  This is a series of short teaching papers dealing with specific topics in a
standard first-year undergraduate Physics course.
  -----
  Este texto comp\~oe-se de quatro pequenas notas -- independentes entre si --
em que se discutem alguns t\'opicos espec\'{\i}ficos de f\'{\i}sica para o
segundo grau e o primeiro ano universit\'ario.


title:
Energy dispersion compensation and beam loading in X-band linacs for the
  JLC/NLC

abstract:
  The shape of an RF pulse is distorted upon propagating through an X-band
accelerator structure due to dispersive effects. This distortion together with
beam loading introduce energy spread between 192 bunches. In order to minimize
this energy spread we modify the input RF pulse shape. The pulse propagation,
energy gain, and beam loading are modelled with a mode-matching computer code
and a circuit model. A 2D model and a circuit model of a complete 60 cm
structure, consisting of 55 cells and input and output couplers is analyzed.
This structure operates with a 5pi/6 phase advance per cell. Dispersive effects
for this structure are more significant than for previously studied 2pi/3 phase
advance accelerating structures. Experimental results are compared with the
theoretical model and excellent agreement is obtained for the propagation of an
RF pulse through the structure.


title: Dielectric multilayer waveguides for TE and TM mode matching

abstract:
  We analyse theoretically for the first time to our knowledge the perfect
phase matching of guided TE and TM modes with a multilayer waveguide composed
of linear isotropic dielectric materials. Alongside strict investigation into
dispersion relations for multilayer systems, we give an explicit qualitative
explanation for the phenomenon of mode matching on the basis of the standard
one-dimensional homogenization technique, and discuss the minimum number of
layers and the refractive index profile for the proposed device scheme. Direct
applications of the scheme include polarization-insensitive, intermodal
dispersion-free planar propagation, efficient fibre-to-planar waveguide
coupling and, potentially, mode filtering. As a self-sufficient result, we
present compact analytical expressions for the mode dispersion in a finite,
N-period, three-layer dielectric superlattice.


title:
Interface Conditions for Wave Propagation Through Mesh Refinement
  Boundaries

abstract:
  We study the propagation of waves across fixed mesh refinement boundaries in
linear and nonlinear model equations in 1--D and 2--D, and in the 3--D Einstein
equations of general relativity. We demonstrate that using linear interpolation
to set the data in guard cells leads to the production of reflected waves at
the refinement boundaries. Implementing quadratic interpolation to fill the
guard cells suppresses these spurious signals.


title: Comment on Perturbation theory for Heisenberg Operators

abstract: This is a comment on Phys. Rev. A 67, 022104(2003).


title:
Novel properties of wave propagation in biaxially anisotropic
  left-handed materials

abstract:
  Some physically interesting properties and effects of wave propagation in
biaxially anisotropic left-handed materials are investigated in this paper. We
show that in the biaxially gyrotropic left-handed material, the left-right
coupling of circularly polarized light arises due to the negative indices in
permittivity and permeability tensors of gyrotropic media. It is well known
that the geometric phases of photons inside a curved fiber in previous
experiments often depend on the cone angles of solid angles subtended by a
curve traced by the direction of wave vector of light, at the center of photon
momentum space. Here, however, for the light propagating inside certain
anisotropic left-handed media we will present a different geometric phase that
is independent of the cone angles. The extra phases of electromagnetic wave
resulting from the instantaneous helicity inversion at the interfaces between
left- and right- handed (LRH) media is also studied in detail by using the
Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory. Some interesting applications (e.g.,
controllable position-dependent frequency shift, detection of quantum-vacuum
geometric phases and helicity reversals at the LRH interfaces etc.) of above
effects and phenomena in left-handed media is briefly discussed.


title:
Passive tracer patchiness and particle trajectory stability in
  incompressible two-dimensional flows

abstract:
  Particle motion is considered in incompressible two-dimensional flows
consisting of a steady background gyre on which an unsteady wave-like
perturbation is superimposed. A dynamical systems point of view that exploits
the action--angle formalism is adopted. It is argued and demonstrated
numerically that for a large class of problems one expects to observe a mixed
phase space, i.e., the occurrence of ``regular islands'' in an otherwise
``chaotic sea.'' This leads to patchiness in the evolution of passive tracer
distributions. Also, it is argued and demonstrated numerically that particle
trajectory stability is largely controlled by the background flow: trajectory
instability, quantified by various measures of the ``degree of chaos,''
increases on average with increasing $|\mathrm{d}\omega/\mathrm{d}I|$, where
$\omega (I)$ is the angular frequency of the trajectory in the background flow
and $I$ is the action.


title: Detecting Stochastic Information of Electrocardiograms

abstract:
  In this work we present a method to detect, identify and characterize
stochastic information contained in an electrocardiogram (ECG). We assume, as
it is well known, that the ECG has information corresponding to many different
processes related to the cardiac activity. We analyze scaling and Markov
processes properties of the detected stochastic information using the power
spectrum of the ECG and the Fokker-Planck equation respectively. The detected
stochastic information is then characterized by three measures. First, the
slope of the power spectrum in a particular range of frequencies as a scaling
parameter. Second, an empirical estimation of the drift and diffusion
coefficients of the Fokker-Planck equation through the Kramers-Moyal
coefficients which define the evolution of the probability distribution of the
detected stochastic information.


title:
Localization of Lorentz transformation and its induced local Lorentz
  invariance

abstract:
  Introducing the primed inertial coordinate system, for each inertial frame of
reference, in addition to the usual inertial coordinate system, we assume that
gravity-free space and time possess the Euclidean structures in the primed
inertial coordinate system and the generalized Finslerian structures in the
usual inertial coordinate system. We combine these assumptions with two
fundamental postulates, (i) the principle of relativity and (ii) the constancy
of the speed of light in all inertial frames of reference, to derive the
localized Lorentz transformation as a linear transformation between any two
usual inertial coordinate systems. Based on this, it is proposed that all laws
of physics are locally Lorentz-invariant in the usual inertial coordinate
system. As a Lorentz-invariant law of physics must be locally Lorentz-invariant
while a locally Lorentz-invariant law is not necessarily Lorentz-invariant, the
change from the requirement of Lorentz invariance to that of the local Lorentz
invariance on laws of physics provides with a larger acceptable scope to
explore these laws.


title: A Textured Silicon Calorimetric Light Detector

abstract:
  We apply the standard photovoltaic technique of texturing to reduce the
reflectivity of silicon cryogenic calorimetric light detectors. In the case of
photons with random incidence angles, absorption is compatible with the
increase in surface area. For the geometrically thin detectors studied, energy
resolution from athermal phonons, dominated by position dependence, is
proportional to the surface-to-volume ratio. With the CaWO4 scintillating
crystal used as light source, the time constants of the calorimeter should be
adapted to the relatively slow light-emission times.


title: Unexpected trends in termite survival

abstract:
  Survival in groups of termites is known to be socially facilitated since
individual longevity is increased together with the size of the group. Here we
report on experimental evidence that survival as a function of group size in
{\textit Cornitermes cumulans} (Kollar) does not increase asysmptotically but
it peaks in a group size range at which individual longevity is maximal.
Strinkly, this same effect in other social insects was noted more than fifty
years ago, but it was regarded as ``aberrant'' since it has been generally
assumed that individual survival should increase with the size of the group. We
also provide evidence that individual activity --measured as mobility-- is
maximal at approximately the same group-size range as the observed survival


title:
Measurement of the refractive index and attenuation length of liquid
  xenon for its scintillation light

abstract:
  The attenuation length and refractive index of liquid xenon for intrinsic
scintillation light (178nm) have been measured in a single experiment. The
value obtained for attenuation length is 364 +- 18 mm. The refractive index is
found to be 1.69 +- 0.02. Both values were measured at a temperature of 170 +-
1 K.


title:
Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in BioFluids I: Cell Shape Perturbants
  As Evidence of Spatially-Organised Membrane Flows

abstract:
  I show the assumed Bilayer structure of cell membranes is Topologically
falsified by known aminophospholipid dynamics in metabolically-active, Far from
Equilibrium cells. The sensitivity of lipid and cytoplasmic flows to
temperature, surfactants, viscosity and the gravity vector are used to suggest
that rather than being random viscous fluids as currently assumed, both are
actually spatially-organised by convective and shear driven mechanisms in vivo.
I show how protein-lipid feedback provokes a Gestalt Shift in Cell Mechanics by
demonstrating that the primary forces involved in shape changes are generated
by bifurcations in fluid flow Topology, which induce affine deformations of the
cytoskeletal lattice. The feedback model allows the transduction of
Gravitational information into biological form, is universally applicable, and
provides a rationale for Homeoviscous Adaptation, and the extensive lipid
polymorphism observed in Nature.

categories: physics.bio-ph physics.flu-dyn q-bio.CB q-bio.OT


title: "Autothixotropy" of Water - an Unknown Physical Phenomenon

abstract:
  A complex of until now unknown phenomena ongoing in water was discovered in
laboratory experiments, where it made impossible gravimetric measurements with
the necessarily extreme precision. This behaviour of water, which we call
autothixotropy, was the issue of the presented experimental research. We are
also proposing a possible explanation.


title: Lilienfeld Transition Radiation Brought to Light

abstract:
  Presently, the term transition radiation tends to denote a somewhat different
physical phenomenon than the original transition radiation discovered by J. E.
Lilienfeld in 1919, and re-employed in different forms again in 1953 and 1971.
Lilienfeld transition radiation is a subtle kind of radiation with distinctive
properties that may often be unexpected in prospect, yet is intuitive and
readily understood in retrospect. This paper distinguishes in clear terms
between the different kinds of transition radiation, and shows its link to
modern apparatus such as possible applications in the area of x-ray microscopy,
microholography, and the free electron laser .


title: Power-efficient frequency switching of a locked laser

abstract:
  We demonstrate a new and efficient laser-locking technique that enables
making large frequency jumps while keeping the laser in lock. A diode laser is
locked at a variable offset from a Doppler-free spectral feature of rubidium
vapor. This is done by frequency shifting the laser before sending the light to
a spectroscopy cell with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The frequency of the
locked laser is switched quasi-instantaneously over much more than the width of
the spectral features, i.e. the usual locking range. This is done by
simultaneously switching the AOM frequency and applying feed-forward to the
laser current. The advantage of our technique is that power loss and beam walk
caused by the AOM do not affect the main output beam, but only the small
fraction of light used for the spectroscopy. The transient excursions of the
laser frequency are only a few MHz and last approximately 0.2 ms, limited by
the bandwidth of our locking electronics. We present equations that describe
the transient behavior of the error signal and the laser frequency
quantitatively. They are in good agreement with the measurements. The technique
should be applicable to other types of lasers.


title:
Universal restrictions to the conversion of heat into work derived from
  the analysis of the Nernst theorem as a uniform limit

abstract:
  We revisit the relationship between the Nernst theorem and the Kelvin-Planck
statement of the second law. We propose that the exchange of entropy uniformly
vanishes as the temperature goes to zero. The analysis of this assumption shows
that is equivalent to the fact that the compensation of a Carnot engine scales
with the absorbed heat so that the Nernst theorem should be embedded in the
statement of the second law.
  -----
  Se analiza la relaci{\'o}n entre el teorema de Nernst y el enunciado de
Kelvin-Planck del segundo principio de la termodin{\'a}mica. Se{\~n}alamos el
hecho de que el cambio de entrop{\'\i}a tiende uniformemente a cero cuando la
temperatura tiende a cero. El an{\'a}lisis de esta hip{\'o}tesis muestra que es
equivalente al hecho de que la compensaci{\'o}n de una m{\'a}quina de Carnot
escala con el calor absorbido del foco caliente, de forma que el teorema de
Nernst puede derivarse del enunciado del segundo principio.


title:
Stochastic unraveling of Redfield master equations and its application
  to electron transfer problems

abstract:
  A method for stochastic unraveling of general time-local quantum master
equations (QMEs) is proposed. The present kind of jump algorithm allows a
numerically efficient treatment of QMEs which are not in Lindblad form, i.e.
are not positive semidefinite by definition. The unraveling can be achieved by
allowing for trajectories with negative weights. Such a property is necessary,
e.g. to unravel the Redfield QME and to treat various related problems with
high numerical efficiency. The method is successfully tested on the damped
harmonic oscillator and on electron transfer models including one and two
reaction coordinates. The obtained results are compared to those from a direct
propagation of the reduced density matrix (RDM) as well as from the standard
quantum jump method. Comparison of the numerical efficiency is performed
considering both the population dynamics and the RDM in the Wigner phase space
representation.


title: Simulations of Oligomeric Intermediates in Prion Diseases

abstract:
  We extend our previous stochastic cellular automata based model for areal
aggregation of prion proteins on neuronal surfaces. The new anisotropic model
allow us to simulate both strong beta-sheet and weaker attachment bonds between
proteins. Constraining binding directions allows us to generate aggregate
structures with the hexagonal lattice symmetry found in recently observed in
vitro experiments. We argue that these constraints on rules may correspond to
underlying steric constraints on the aggregation process. We find that monomer
dominated growth of the areal aggregate is too slow to account for some
observed doubling time-to-incubation time ratios inferred from data, and so
consider aggregation dominated by relatively stable but non-infectious
oligomeric intermediates. We compare a kinetic theory analysis of oligomeric
aggregation to spatially explicit simulations of the process. We find that with
suitable rules for misfolding of oligomers, possibly due to water exclusion by
the surrounding aggregate, the resulting oligomeric aggregation model maps onto
our previous monomer aggregation model. Therefore it can produce some of the
same attractive features for the description of prion incubation time data. We
propose experiments to test the oligomeric aggregation model.


title:
A fractional Brownian motion model for the turbulent refractive index in
  lightwave propagation

abstract:
  It is discussed the limitations of the widely used markovian approximation
applied to model the turbulent refractive index in lightwave propagation.
  It is well-known the index is a passive scalar field. Thus, the actual
knowledge about these quantities is used to propose an alternative stochastic
process to the markovian approximation: the fractional Brownian motion. This
generalizes the former introducing memory; that is, there is correlation along
the propagation path.


title: Antiproton Stacking in the Recycler

abstract:
  Possibilities to accumulate antiprotons in the Recycler are considered for
three different cases: with current stochastic cooling, with upgraded
stochastic cooling and with electron cooling. With stochastic cooling only,
even upgraded, Recycler looks hardly useful. However, with electron cooling at
its goal parameters and reasonably good vacuum in the Recycler, this machine
would be efficient.


title: Thin Dielectric Films in Superconducting Cavities

abstract:
  At high field levels, field emission losses in superconducting cavities have
an adverse effect in both reducing the otherwise extremely high Q > 10^9, and
the magnetic breakdown field bringing it well below the critical magnetic field
of the superconductor. The two effects may well be related as field enhancing
whiskers responsible for the field emission losses can be driven normal thus
reducing the magnetic breakdown field. Both the beneficial and deleterious
effects of anodizing the inner surface of superconducting cavities are
discussed and analyzed.


title: Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Data Analysis: Entropic Priors

abstract:
  The problem of assigning probability distributions which objectively reflect
the prior information available about experiments is one of the major stumbling
blocks in the use of Bayesian methods of data analysis. In this paper the
method of Maximum (relative) Entropy (ME) is used to translate the information
contained in the known form of the likelihood into a prior distribution for
Bayesian inference. The argument is inspired and guided by intuition gained
from the successful use of ME methods in statistical mechanics. For experiments
that cannot be repeated the resulting "entropic prior" is formally identical
with the Einstein fluctuation formula. For repeatable experiments, however, the
expected value of the entropy of the likelihood turns out to be relevant
information that must be included in the analysis. The important case of a
Gaussian likelihood is treated in detail.


title:
One- and two-photon resonant spectroscopy of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen
  atoms in external electric fields

abstract:
  The resonant spectra of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms in the presence of
an external electric field are compared theoretically. It is shown that
nonresonant corrections to the transition frequency contain terms linear in the
electric field. The existence of these terms does not violate space and time
parity and leads to a difference in the resonant spectroscopic measurements for
hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms in an external electric field. The one-photon
1s-2p and the two-photon 1s-2s resonances are investigated.


title:
Relativistic many-body calculations of electric-dipole matrix elements,
  lifetimes and polarizabilities in rubidium

abstract:
  Electric-dipole matrix elements for ns-n'p, nd-n'p, and 6d-4f transitions in
Rb are calculated using a relativistic all-order method. A third-order
calculation is also carried out for these matrix elements to evaluate the
importance of the high-order many-body perturbation theory contributions. The
all-order matrix elements are used to evaluate lifetimes of ns and np levels
with n=6, 7, 8 and nd levels with n=4, 5, 6 for comparison with experiment and
to provide benchmark values for these lifetimes. The dynamic polarizabilities
are calculated for ns states of rubidium. The resulting lifetime and
polarizability values are compared with available theory and experiment.


title: Xenon Clusters in Intense VUV Laser Fields

abstract:
  A simple model is developed that quantitatively describes intense
interactions of a VUV laser pulse with a xenon cluster. We find good agreement
with a recent experiment [H. Wabnitz et al., Nature Vol. 420, 482 (2002)]. In
particular, the large number of VUV photons absorbed per atom--at intensities
significantly below 10^16 W/cm^2--is now understood.


title: The Model of Fast Contraction Flows for Polymeric Melts

abstract:
  The present paper develops an isothermal model for fast (high Deborah number)
contraction flows of polymers from a reservoir to a die of circular or
rectangular cross-sections. Two components of composite flow models in
different regions of the flow domain are connected in succession with the use
of asymptotic matching boundary conditions. These components are inhomogeneous
elongation and a modified unsteady shearing. It is constructed based on a
stable and descriptive set of viscoelastic constitutive equations with the
specified material parameters. The present model demonstrates a reasonable good
agreement to the experimental/direct numerical data and improves for the higher
values of Deborah number and contraction ratio cases without any adjustable
parameters. Also it is applicable to any constitutive equation and performs
with easy PC numerical calculations.


title: Unusually large polarizabilities and "new" atomic states in Ba

abstract:
  Electric polarizabilities of four low-J even-parity states and three low-J
odd-parity states of atomic barium in the range $35,600 $ to $36,000\
$cm$^{-1}$ are investigated. The states of interest are excited (in an atomic
beam) via an intermediate odd-parity state with a sequence of two laser pulses.
The odd-parity states can be excited due to the Stark-induced mixing with
even-parity states. The polarizabilities are measured via direct spectroscopy
on the second-stage transition. Several states have tensor and scalar
polarizabilities that exceed the values that might be expected from the known
energy levels of barium by more than two orders of magnitude. Two of the
Stark-induced transitions cannot be identified from the known energy spectrum
of barium. The observations suggest the existence of as yet unidentified
odd-parity energy states, whose energies and angular momenta are determined in
the present experiment. A tentative identification of these states as [Xe]$6s8p
^3P_{0,2}$ is suggested.


title: Steering in computational science: mesoscale modelling and simulation

abstract:
  This paper outlines the benefits of computational steering for high
performance computing applications. Lattice-Boltzmann mesoscale fluid
simulations of binary and ternary amphiphilic fluids in two and three
dimensions are used to illustrate the substantial improvements which
computational steering offers in terms of resource efficiency and time to
discover new physics. We discuss details of our current steering
implementations and describe their future outlook with the advent of
computational grids.


title: Infrared Spectroscopy plausible

abstract:
  The rotation vibration spectra of small molecules can be described
mathematically completely. Unfortunately, no vivid interpretation of the
observed transitions exists. A qualitative interpretation attempt is undertaken
for symmetric top molecules as example. For the first time the rotation changes
in the case of parallel and vertical bands are explained mechanistically. A
plausible photon model is represented simultaneously.
  -----
  Die Rotations-Schwingungs-Spektren kleiner Molekuele lassen sich mathematisch
vollstaendig beschreiben. Was fehlt, ist eine anschauliche Deutung der
beobachteten Uebergaenge. Es wird ein qualitativer Deutungsversuch unternommen
am Beispiel von symmetrischen Kreiselmolekuelen. Parallel- und
Senkrecht-Schwingungen mit den zugehoerigen Rotationsuebergaengen in und quer
zur Figurenachse samt einem Photonenmodell werden erstmals plausibel
dargestellt.


title:
Towards a necessary change in the mathematical principles of natural
  philosophy

abstract:
  Being mathematics a natural language to Mankind and to physics, it must be
constantly adapted to our necessities and our natural perception. Then,
mathematical concepts are not absolute to reality. Although mathematical
theories are constructions of our mind, and the existence of objects in such
theories is a matter of consistency or coherence of the theory (this allows us
to study them independently of other theories), in physics its not enough that
mathematical structures are coherent or consistent, these must have a much more
tangible reference to reality. Therefore any mathematical model not necessarily
is appropriate in physics. So, what sense has the concept of a point in
physics, that elementary notion used to represent the objects of the reality.
  If we consider that in a good model of reality, the existence of a
mathematical object with a physical reference must be equivalent to the
possibility of its construction, perception and verification of physical
existence, where the refutaction of the non-existence of an object does not
necessarily mean that it is possible to find a test of its existence. Then, one
obtains that the mathematical language becomes richer in structures, where the
point concept is replaced by more intuitive and perceivable concepts. On the
one hand, this possibly can lead us to a physics without infinites, and without
paradoxes, on the other hand, one restricts the use of mathematics and the use
of mental experiments in physics.


title: A Novel Flat Spacetime with Intrinsic Quantum Character

abstract:
  Postulates which lead to Minkowski spacetime are amended in a subtle way, and
used to construct a consistent flat spacetime geometry with intrinsic quantum
character. Events in the new quantum geometry are described by labels of the
form (t, x, s) where t (time) and x (spatial extent) are familiar and s is a
positive integer. Structure-determining parameters for the novel spacetime are
explored in some detail. Particular structure parameters can be shown to
generate equations of mainstream quantum mechanics, and structure parameters
can also be chosen which lead to the appearance of quantum particles as
spatially extended moieties, such as strings. Further elaboration is required
before the new spacetime can be used as a comprehensive basis for physical
theory, however even at the unfinished level a new way of accounting for rest
mass emerges, and it is predicted that future experiments will fail to find
Higgs particles.


title: Has the Brain Maximized its Information Storage Capacity?

abstract:
  Learning and memory may rely on the ability of neuronal circuits to
reorganize by dendritic spine remodeling. We have looked for geometrical
parameters of cortical circuits, which maximize information storage capacity
associated with this mechanism. In particular, we calculated optimal volume
fractions of various neuropil components. The optimal axonal and dendritic
volume fractions are not significantly different from anatomical measurements
in the mouse and rat neocortex, and the rat hippocampus. This has led us to
propose that the maximization of information storage capacity associated with
dendritic spine remodeling may have been an important driving force in the
evolution of the cortex.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft physics.gen-ph q-bio.NC


title: Triton clustering in neutron rich nuclei and Ikeda - like diagrams

abstract:
  It is shown here that new experiments confirm author's recent prediction of a
strong tendency for triton clustering in light neutron rich nuclei. As such the
neutron halo phenomena is naturally explained here. Prediction of exotic
molecular states rich in tritonic clusters is made here through new Ikeda-like
diagram configurations for the nuclei ${^{3Z}_Z} A_{2Z}$ . Hence this model is
well confirmed experimentally and makes several new predictions which can be
tested experimentally.


title: Nuclear Magnetohydrodynamic EMP, Solar Storms, and Substorms

abstract:
  In addition to a fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high altitude nuclear
burst produces a relatively slow magnetohydrodynarnic EMP (MHD EMP), whose
effects are like those from solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS
GIC). The MHD EMP electric field E < 10^-1 V/m and lasts < 10^2 sec, whereas
for solar storms E > 10^-2 V/m and lasts >10^3 sec. Although the solar storm
electric field is lower than MHD EMP, the solar storm effects are generally
greater due to their much longer duration. Substorms produce much smaller
effects than SS GIC, but occur much more frequently. This paper describes the
physics of such geomagnetic disturbances and analyzes their effects.


title: Phase Statistics of Soliton

abstract:
  The characteristic function of soliton phase jitter is found analytically
when the soliton is perturbed by amplifier noise. In additional to that from
amplitude jitter, the nonlinear phase noise due to frequency and timing jitter
is also analyzed. Because the nonlinear phase noise is not Gaussian
distributed, the overall phase jitter is also non-Gaussian. For a fixed mean
nonlinear phase shift, the contribution of nonlinear phase noise from frequency
and timing jitter decreases with distance and signal-to-noise ratio.


title: The unreasonable accuracy of the Jastrow approach in many-body physics

abstract:
  We investigate in a simple model whether a Jastrow-based approach for a
many-body system containing two-body interactions can be exact. By comparison
with recent assertions to the contrary, we find that in general the exact wave
function is \emph{not} purely two-body correlated. Nonetheless, we show that
the energy estimate obtained from the calculations is as accurate as it can
possibly be, suggesting why Jastrow wave functions are such a good choice.

categories: physics.chem-ph nucl-th physics.atom-ph physics.gen-ph


title: The DZERO Level 3 Data Acquistion System

abstract:
  The DZERO experiment located at Fermilab has recently started RunII with an
upgraded detector. The RunII physics program requires the Data Acquisition to
readout the detector at a rate of 1 KHz. Events fragments, totaling 250 KB, are
readout from approximately 60 front end crates and sent to a particular farm
node for Level 3 Trigger processing. A scalable system, capable of complex
event routing, has been designed and implemented based on commodity components:
VMIC 7750 Single Board Computers for readout, a Cisco 6509 switch for data
flow, and close to 100 Linux-based PCs for high-level event filtering.


title:
Development of a pipeline CAMAC controller with PC/104-Plus single board
  computer

abstract:
  A pipeline CAMAC controller with PC/104-Plus single board computer has been
developed. The architecture of the pipeline CAMAC controller is completely
different from that of traditional CAMAC controller. The pipeline CAMAC
controller adopted truly pipelined command and data paths from/to computer
memory to/from CAMAC. The pipeline method enabled the controller maximum speed
of CAMAC, approximately up to 3 MB/sec with 24-bit data. The controller also
has a DAQ function such as event numbering for co-existence with other
equipment such as VME. Not only the functionality and the performance but also
the pipeline architecture and the design concept are described.


title: Network information and connected correlations

abstract:
  Entropy and information provide natural measures of correlation among
elements in a network. We construct here the information theoretic analog of
connected correlation functions: irreducible $N$--point correlation is measured
by a decrease in entropy for the joint distribution of $N$ variables relative
to the maximum entropy allowed by all the observed $N-1$ variable
distributions. We calculate the ``connected information'' terms for several
examples, and show that it also enables the decomposition of the information
that is carried by a population of elements about an outside source.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech q-bio.NC


title:
Experimental determination of the Townsend coefficient for Argon-CO2 gas
  mixtures at high fields

abstract:
  The first Townsend coefficient for Ar-CO2 based gas mixtures has been
measured over a wide range of reduced electric field. The experimental setup
and the measurement technique are described here. A linear superposition model
has also been successfully applied.


title:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Melting Behaviours of 12-, 13-,
  14-Atom Icosahedral Platinum Clusters

abstract:
  Using molecular dynamics simulation technique, we have studied the melting
behaviours of free, icosahedral PtN clusters in the size range of N=12-14.
Voter and Chen version of an embedded-atom model, derived by fitting to
experimental data of both diatomic molecule and bulk platinum simultaneously,
has been employed in the study. We present an atom-resolved analysis method
that includes physical quantities such as the root-mean-square bond-length
fluctuation and coordination number for individual atoms as functions of
temperature. The results show that while 13-atom icosahedron and 12-atom
cluster with a vacancy on the icosahedral surface exhibit one-stage melting,
14-atom cluster with an adatom on the icosahedral surface undergoes two-stage
melting, as the temperature increases.


title: A "poor man's approach" to modelling of micro-structured optical fibres

abstract:
  Based on the scalar Helmholtz equation and the finite-difference
approximation, we formulate a matrix eigenvalue problem for the calculation of
propagation constants, beta(omega), in micro-structured optical fibres. The
method is applied to index-guiding fibres as well as air-core photonic bandgap
fibres, and in both cases qualitatively correct results are found. The strength
of this approach lies in its very simple numerical implementation and its
ability to find eigenmodes at a specific eigenvalue, which is of great
interest, when modelling defect modes in photonic bandgap fibres.


title: Protein secondary structure prediction based on quintuplets

abstract:
  Simple hidden Markov models are proposed for predicting secondary structure
of a protein from its amino acid sequence. Since the length of protein
conformation segments varies in a narrow range, we ignore the duration effect
of length distribution, and focus on inclusion of short range correlations of
residues and of conformation states in the models. Conformation-independent and
-dependent amino acid coarse-graining schemes are designed for the models by
means of proper mutual information. We compare models of different level of
complexity, and establish a practical model with a high prediction accuracy.


title:
Mechano-chemical coupling in growth process of actin gels and a symmetry
  breaking instability

abstract:
  It has been observed experimentally that the actin gel grown from spherical
beads coated with polymerization enzymes spontaneously breaks the symmetry of
its spherical shape, and yields a ``comet'' pushing the bead forward. We
propose a mechano-chemical coupling mechanism for the initialization of this
symmetry breaking. Key assumptions are that the dissociation of the gel takes
place mostly in the region of the external surface, and that the rates of the
dissociation depends on the tensile stress in the gel. We analyze a simplified
two-dimensional model with a circular substrate. Our analysis shows that the
symmetric steady state is always unstable against the inhomogeneous modulation
of the thickness of the gel layer, for any radius of the circular substrate. We
argue that this model represents the essential feature of the three-dimensional
systems for a certain range of characteristic lengths of the modulation. The
characteristic time of the symmetry breaking process in our model depends
linearly on the radius of curvature of the substrate surface, which is
consistent with experimental results, using spherical latex beads as substrate.
Our analysis of the symmetry breaking phenomenon demonstrates aspects of
mechano-chemical couplings that should be working in vivo as well as in vitro.


title:
Mode areas and field energy distribution in honeycomb photonic bandgap
  fibers

abstract:
  The field energy distributions and effective mode areas of silica-based
photonic bandgap fibers with a honeycomb airhole structure in the cladding and
an extra airhole defining the core are investigated. We present a
generalization of the common effective area definition, suitable for the
problem at hand, and compare the results for the photonic bandgap fibers with
those of index-guiding microstructured fibers. While the majority of the field
energy in the honeycomb photonic bandgap fibers is found to reside in the
silica, a substantial fraction (up to ~30%) can be located in the airholes.
This property may show such fibers particularly interesting for sensor
applications, especially those based on nonlinear effects or interaction with
other structures (e.g. Bragg gratings) in the glass.


title: Material effects in airguiding photonic bandgap fibers

abstract:
  The waveguiding properties of two silica-based airguiding photonic bandgap
fiber designs are investigated with special emphasis on material effects. The
nonlinear coefficients are found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than
those obtained in index-guiding microstructured fibers with large mode areas.
The material dispersion of silica makes a significant contribution to the total
chromatic dispersion although less than 10% of the field energy is located in
the silica regions of the fibers. These findings suggest that dispersion
engineering through the choice of base material may be a possibility in this
type of fibers.


title: Heat transmission in Relativity

abstract:
  The simultaneous study of deformation and heat transmission in a bar was
ignored for about 150 years.
  The traditional Fourier equation just allows to study the evolution of
temperature in a undeformable bar. The search for its relativistic variant is a
task which must fail because in Relativity there are no undeformable bars.
Rigid bodies, in the sense as rigid as possible, are deformables.
  In this work we show how to write in Relativity the system of equations
necessary to study simultaneously deformation and temperature evolution along a
rigid bar.


title:
Analytic Elastic Cross Sections for Electron-Atom Scattering from
  Generalized Fano Profiles of Overlapping Low-Energy Shape Resonances

abstract:
  The variation with energy of the total cross section for elastic electron
scattering from atoms of several elements is caused primarily by shape
resonances corresponding to the formation of temporary negative ions. It is
shown that such cross sections are expressible analytically in terms of a
constant background added to a "generalized Fano profile" [Durand Ph, et al
(2001) J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 1953, ibid (2002) 35, 469]. In three
cases (sodium, magnesium and mercury), a detailed consideration proves that
this representation is accurate in a fairly wide energy range. Moreover, the
related momentum transfer cross sections are tailor-made for studying "elastic"
electron transport in terms of the two-term solution of the Boltzmann equation:
Not only are the resulting swarm transport coefficients adjustable to the
experimental values, but above all they are calculable very easily because the
unnormalized energy distribution is obtainable analytically. The ample saving
in computational effort is exploited in order to test the Wannier-Robson
"momentum-transfer approximation"; it is found that, in these cases of
resonance-dominated cross sections, the latter method can be so accurate that
it can be used to recover the momentum transfer cross section from experimental
data algebraically. In the margin, a model profile is presented that gives rise
to negative differential conductivity.


title:
Optical, vibrational, thermal, electrical, damage and phase-matching
  properties of lithium thioindate

abstract:
  Lithium thioindate (LiInS$_{2}$) is a new nonlinear chalcogenide biaxial
material transparent from 0.4 to 12 $\mu$m, that has been successfully grown in
large sizes and good optical quality. We report on new physical properties that
are relevant for laser and nonlinear optics applications. With respect to
AgGaS(e)$_2$ ternary chalcopyrite materials, LiInS$_{2}$ displays a
nearly-isotropic thermal expansion behavior, a 5-times larger thermal
conductivity associated with high optical damage thresholds, and an extremely
low intensity-dependent absorption allowing direct high-power downconversion
from the near-IR to the deep mid-IR. Continuous-wave difference-frequency
generation (5-11$ \mu$m) of Ti:sapphire laser sources is reported for the first
time.


title:
Bath's law Derived from the Gutenberg-Richter law and from Aftershock
  Properties

abstract:
  The empirical Bath's law states that the average difference in magnitude
between a mainshock and its largest aftershock is 1.2, regardless of the
mainshock magnitude. Following Vere-Jones [1969] and Console et al. [2003], we
show that the origin of Bath's law is to be found in the selection procedure
used to define mainshocks and aftershocks rather than in any difference in the
mechanisms controlling the magnitude of the mainshock and of the aftershocks.
We use the ETAS model of seismicity, which provides a more realistic model of
aftershocks, based on (i) a universal Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law for all
earthquakes, and on (ii) the increase of the number of aftershocks with the
mainshock magnitude. Using numerical simulations of the ETAS model, we show
that this model is in good agreement with Bath's law in a certain range of the
model parameters.


title:
Correlation dynamics between electrons and ions in the fragmentation of
  D$_2$ molecules by short laser pulses

abstract:
  We studied the recollision dynamics between the electrons and D$_2^+$ ions
following the tunneling ionization of D$_2$ molecules in an intense short pulse
laser field. The returning electron collisionally excites the D$_2^+$ ion to
excited electronic states from there D$_2^+$ can dissociate or be further
ionized by the laser field, resulting in D$^+$ + D or D$^+$ + D$^+$,
respectively. We modeled the fragmentation dynamics and calculated the
resulting kinetic energy spectrum of D$^+$ to compare with recent experiments.
Since the recollision time is locked to the tunneling ionization time which
occurs only within fraction of an optical cycle, the peaks in the D$^+$ kinetic
energy spectra provides a measure of the time when the recollision occurs. This
collision dynamics forms the basis of the molecular clock where the clock can
be read with attosecond precision, as first proposed by Corkum and coworkers.
By analyzing each of the elementary processes leading to the fragmentation
quantitatively, we identified how the molecular clock is to be read from the
measured kinetic energy spectra of D$^+$ and what laser parameters be used in
order to measure the clock more accurately.


title:
Probing Molecular Dynamics at Attosecond Resolution with Femtosecond
  Laser Pulses

abstract:
  The kinetic energy distribution of D$^+$ ions resulting from the interaction
of a femtosecond laser pulse with D$_2$ molecules is calculated based on the
rescattering model. From analyzing the molecular dynamics, it is shown that the
recollision time between the ionized electron and the D$_2^+$ ion can be read
from the D$^+$ kinetic energy peaks to attosecond accuracy. We further suggest
that more precise reading of the clock can be achieved by using shorter fs
laser pulses (about 15fs).


title: Digital Imaging and Analysis of Dusty Plasmas

abstract:
  Dust particles immersed within a plasma environment, such as those found in
planetary rings or cometary environments, will acquire an electric charge. If
the ratio of interparticle potential energy to average kinetic energy is high
enough the particles will form either a 'liquid' structure with short-range
ordering or a crystalline structure with long-range ordering. Since their
discovery in laboratory environments in 1994, such crystals have been the
subject of a variety of experimental, theoretical, and numerical
investigations. Laboratory experiments analyzing the behavior of dust grains in
a plasma rely on optical diagnostics to provide data about the system in a
non-perturbative manner. In the past, capturing, imaging, and analyzing
crystalline structure in dusty plasmas has been a non-trivial problem.
Utilizing digital imaging and analysis systems, data capture, image formatting,
and analysis can be done quickly. Following data capture, image analysis is
conducted using modified Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking
Velocimetry (PTV) algorithms. The data extracted is then used to construct
Voronoi diagrams, calculate particle density, inter-particle spacing, pair
correlation functions, and thermal energy. From this data other dust plasma
parameters can be inferred such as inter-particle forces and grain charges.


title:
Numerical Simulations and Analysis of Thermally Excited Waves in Plasma
  Crystals

abstract:
  A numerical model for a 2D-monolayer plasma crystal was established using the
Box_tree code. Box_tree is a Barnes_Hut tree code which has proven effective in
modeling systems composed of large numbers of particles. Thermally excited
waves in this plasma crystal were numerically simulated and dispersion
relations for both the longitudinal and transverse wave modes were found. These
were compared with the dispersion relations extrapolated from experiment as
well as a theory based on harmonic approximation. The results were found to
agree with theoretical dispersion relations under different wave propagation
directions with different particle charges and over a range of 0.9<k<5.


title:
Universal Description of Spherical Aberration Free Lenses Composed of
  Positive or Negative Index Media

abstract:
  We find that the function that describes the surface of spherical aberration
free lenses can be used for both positive and negative refractive index media.
With the inclusion of negative index, this function assumes the form of all the
conic sections and expands the theory of aplanatic optical surfaces. There are
two different symmetry centers with respect to the index that create an
asymmetric relationship between positive and negative index lens profiles. In
the thin lens limit the familiar formulas for image position and magnification
hold for any index.


title: Concerning the conjugation of field-aligned currents

abstract:
  It is known that the combined action of convection and pitch-angle diffusion
is responsible for the formation of gas pressure distribution in the
magnetosphere. Plasma pressure, in turn, determines - within the framework of a
given magnetic field model - the density of bulk currents in the magnetosphere.
With a knowledge of the bulk currents as a function of coordinates, we can
calculate the field-aligned currents as a divergence of bulk currents. On the
other hand, specifying the convection model is equivalent to specifying the
electric field model. Since within the approximation of equipotential field
lines the electric field is common to the magnetosphere and ionosphere, bulk
currents and field-aligned currents in the ionosphere can be formally
calculated subject to the condition that ionospheric conductivity is wholly
determined by electron precipitation from the magnetosphere. The precipitation
intensity is readily inferred from the same magnetospheric model. Thus we have
two systems of field-aligned currents. One system is calculated from the model
of plasma pressure distribution in the magnetosphere, and the other is inferred
from a given model of the electric field and the electroconductivity model
calculated from electron precipitation. This brings up the question: How can
these two systems of field-aligned currents be reconciled? From previous
studies it is known that magnetospheric convection "adjusts itself" to the
level of energy losses in the ionosphere. Based on this, an attempt can be made
to achieve a conjugation of the aforementioned two systems of field-aligned
currents. This paper is devoted to analyzing such an attempt.


title:
Precise measurement of hyperfine structure in the $5P_{3/2}$ state of
  $^{85}$Rb

abstract:
  We demonstrate a technique to measure hyperfine structure using a
frequency-stabilized diode laser and an acousto-optic modulator locked to the
frequency difference between two hyperfine peaks. We use this technique to
measure hyperfine intervals in the $5P_{3/2}$ state of $^{85}$Rb and obtain a
precision of 20 kHz. We extract values for the magnetic-dipole coupling
constant $A=25.038(5)$ MHz and the electric-quadrupole coupling constant
$B=26.011(22)$ MHz. These values are a significant improvement over previous
results.


title:
Precise measurements of UV atomic lines: Hyperfine structure and isotope
  shifts in the 398.8 nm line of Yb

abstract:
  We demonstrate a technique for frequency measurements of UV transitions with
sub-MHz precision. The frequency is measured using a ring-cavity resonator
whose length is calibrated against a reference laser locked to the $D_2$ line
of $^{87}$Rb. We have used this to measure the 398.8 nm ${^1S}_0
\leftrightarrow {^1P}_1$ line of atomic Yb. We report isotope shifts of all the
seven stable isotopes, including the rarest isotope $^{168}$Yb. We have been
able to resolve the overlapping $^{173}$Yb($F = 3/2$) and $^{172}$Yb
transitions for the first time. We also obtain high-precision measurements of
excited-state hyperfine structure in the odd isotopes, $^{171}$Yb and
$^{173}$Yb. The measurements resolve several discrepancies among earlier
measurements.


title:
Two-color FEL amplifier for femtosecond-resolution pump-probe
  experiments with GW-scale X-ray and optical pulses

abstract:
  Pump-probe experiments combining pulses from a X-ray FEL and an optical
femtosecond laser are very attractive for sub-picosecond time-resolved studies.
Since the synchronization between the two independent light sources to an
accuracy of 100 fs is not yet solved, it is proposed to derive both femtosecond
radiation pulses from the same electron bunch but from two insertion devices.
This eliminates the need for synchronization and developing a tunable high
power femtosecond quantum laser. In the proposed scheme a GW-level soft X-ray
pulse is naturally synchronized with a GW-level optical pulse, independent of
any jitter in the arrival time of the electron bunches. The concept is based on
the generation of optical radiation in a master oscillator-power FEL amplifier
(MOPA) configuration. X-ray radiation is generated in an X-ray undulator
inserted between the modulator and radiator sections of the optical MOPA
scheme. An attractive feature of the FEL amplifier scheme is the absence of any
apparent limitations which could prevent operation in the femtosecond regime in
a wide (200-900 nm) wavelength range. A commercially available long
(nanosecond) pulse dye laser can be used as seed laser.


title:
Efficient frequency doubler for the soft X-ray SASE FEL at the TESLA
  Test Facility

abstract:
  This paper describes an effective frequency doubler scheme for SASE free
electron lasers. It consists of an undulator tuned to the first harmonic, a
dispersion section, and a tapered undulator tuned to the second harmonic. The
first stage is a conventional soft X-ray SASE FEL. Its gain is controlled in
such a way that the maximum energy modulation of the electron beam at the exit
is about equal to the local energy spread, but still far away from saturation.
When the electron bunch passes through the dispersion section this energy
modulation leads to effective compression of the particles. Then the bunched
electron beam enters the tapered undulator and produces strong radiation in the
process of coherent deceleration. We demonstrate that a frequency doubler
scheme can be integrated into the SASE FEL at the TESLA Test Facility at DESY,
and will allow to reach 3 nm wavelength with GW-level of output peak power.
This would extend the operating range of the FEL into the so-called water
window and significantly expand the capabilities of the TTF FEL user facility.


title:
Precise frequency measurements of atomic transitions using a
  Rb-stabilized resonator

abstract:
  We demonstrate a technique for frequency measurements of atomic transitions
with a precision of 30 kHz. The frequency is measured using a ring-cavity
resonator whose length is calibrated against a reference laser locked to the
$D_2$ line of $^{87}$Rb, the frequency of which is known to 10 kHz. We have
used this to measure the hyperfine structure in the $5P_{3/2}$ state of
$^{85}$Rb. We obtain precise values for the hyperfine constants $A=25.041(6)$
MHz and $B=26.013(25)$ MHz, and a value of 77.992(20) MHz for the isotope shift
in the $D_2$ line.


title:
Saturated-absorption spectroscopy: Eliminating crossover resonances
  using co-propagating beams

abstract:
  We demonstrate a new technique for saturated-absorption spectroscopy using
co-propagating beams that does not have the problem of crossover resonances.
The pump beam is locked to a transition and its absorption signal is monitored
while the probe beam is scanned. As the probe comes into resonance with another
transition, the pump absorption is reduced and the signal shows a Doppler-free
dip. We use this technique to measure hyperfine intervals in the $D_2$ line of
$^{85}$Rb with a precision of 70 kHz, and to resolve hyperfine levels in the
$D_2$ line of $^{39}$K that are less than 10 MHz apart.


title:
Harmonic decomposition to describe the nonlinear evolution of Stimulated
  Brillouin Scattering

abstract:
  An efficient method to describe the nonlinear evolution of Stimulated
Brillouin Scattering in long scale-length plasmas is presented. The method is
based on a decomposition of the hydrodynamics variables in long- and
short-wavelength components. It makes it possible to describe the
self-consistent coupling between the plasma hydrodynamics, Stimulated Brillouin
Scattering, and the generation of harmonics of the excited ion acoustic wave
(IAW). This description is benchmarked numerically and proves to be reliable
even in the case of an undamped ion acoustic wave. The momentum transferred
from the electromagnetic waves to the plasma ions is found to induce a plasma
flow which modifies the resonant three wave coupling between the IAW and the
light waves. A novel picture of SBS arises, in which both IAW harmonics and
flow modification reduce the coherence of SBS by inducing local defects in the
density and velocity profiles. The spatial domains of Stimulated Brillouin
activity are separated by these defects and are consequently uncorrelated,
resulting in a broad and structured spectrum of the scattered light and in a
temporally chaotic reflectivity.


title:
Nonachromaticity and reversals of topological phase as a function of
  wavelength

abstract:
  In an earlier work (R. Bhandari, Phys. Lett. A 204 (1995) 188), it was shown
that, contrary to the property of achromaticity (independence of wavelength)
usually associated with topological phases, topological phases encountered in
polarization optics can, under certain conditions, show sharp changes and
reversals as a function of wavelength, a phenomenon originating in the
occurrence of phase singularities, earlier observed in interference
experiments. It was shown that a proposed flat lens capable of focussing light
with pure geometric phase shifts can switch from being convex to a concave lens
or vice versa under these conditions. In this paper conditions under which such
reversals can take place for small changes in wavelength are described. Some
general implications of phase singularities in the physics of interference are
pointed out.


title:
Diagnostic performance of radiologists with and without different CAD
  systems for mammography

abstract:
  The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the variation of performance
in terms of sensitivity and specificity of two radiologists with different
experience in mammography, with and without the assistance of two different CAD
systems. The CAD considered are SecondLookTM (CADx Medical Systems, Canada),
and CALMA (Computer Assisted Library in MAmmography). The first is a commercial
system, the other is the result of a a research project, supported by INFN
(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy); their characteristics have been
already reported in literature. To compare the results with and without these
tools, a dataset composed by 70 images of patients with cancer (biopsy proven)
and 120 images of healthy breasts (with a three years follow up) has been
collected. All the images have been digitized and analysed by two CAD, then two
radiologists with respectively 6 and 2 years of experience in mammography
indipendently made their diagnosis without and with, the support of the two CAD
systems. In this work sensitivity and specificity variation, the Az area under
the ROC curve, are reported. The results show that the use of a CAD allows for
a substantial increment in sensitivity and a less pronounced decrement in
specificity. The extent of these effects depends on the experience of the
readers and is comparable for the two CAD considered.


title:
The CALMA system: an artificial neural network method for detecting
  masses and microcalcifications in digitized mammograms

abstract:
  The CALMA (Computer Assisted Library for MAmmography) project is a five years
plan developed in a physics research frame in collaboration between INFN
(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and many Italian hospitals. At present
a large database of digitized mammographic images (more than 6000) was
collected and a software based on neural network algorithms for the search of
suspicious breast lesions was developed. Two tools are available: a
microcalcification clusters hunter, based on supervised and unsupervised
feedforward neural network, and a massive lesions searcher, based on a hibrid
approach. Both the algorithms analyzed preprocessed digitized images by high
frequency filters. Clinical tests were performed to evaluate sensitivity and
specificity of the system, considering the system as alone and as secon reader.
Results show that the system is ready to be implemented by medical industry.
The CALMA project, just ended, has its natural development in the GPCALMA (Grid
Platform for CALMA) project, where distributed users join common resources
(images, tools, statistical analysis).


title:
On the astronomical orientation of the IV dynasty Egyptian pyramids and
  the dating of the second Giza pyramid

abstract:
  The data on the astronomical orientation of the IV dynasty Egyptian pyramids
are re-analyzed and it is shown that such data suggest an inverse chronology
between the `first` and the `second` Giza pyramid.


title: Proposal for a Hadron Blind Detector for PHENIX

abstract:
  A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) is proposed as upgrade of the PHENIX detector
at RHIC, BNL. The HBD will allow the measurement of low-mass e+e- pairs from
the decay of the light vector mesons rho, omega, phi and the low-mass continuum
in Au-Au collisions at energies up to sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200 GeV. From MC
simulations and general considerations, the HBD has to identify electrons with
very high efficiency (> 90%), double hit recognition better than 90%, moderate
pion rejection factor of ~200 and radiation budget of the order of 1% of a
radiation length. The first choice under study is a windowless Cherenkov
detector, operated with pure CF4, in a special proximity focus configuration
with a CsI photocathode and a multistage GEM amplification element.


title: Online Pattern Recognition for the ALICE High Level Trigger

abstract:
  The ALICE High Level Trigger has to process data online, in order to select
interesting (sub)events, or to compress data efficiently by modeling
techniques.Focusing on the main data source, the Time Projection Chamber (TPC),
we present two pattern recognition methods under investigation: a sequential
approach "cluster finder" and "track follower") and an iterative approach
("track candidate finder" and "cluster deconvoluter"). We show, that the former
is suited for pp and low multiplicity PbPb collisions, whereas the latter might
be applicable for high multiplicity PbPb collisions, if it turns out, that more
than 8000 charged particles would have to be reconstructed inside the TPC.
Based on the developed tracking schemes we show, that using modeling techniques
a compression factor of around 10 might be achievable


title: Relativistic Distance

abstract:
  In this paper, we prove that two different observers don't equally measure
the distance between two points A and B. For this, we introduce some postulates
and obtain a new formula to show distance between A and B. In this formula,
radius of universe, n, is entered such that if n tends to infinity the ordinary
distance is obtained.


title: Comment on: "Sadi Carnot on Carnot's theorem"

abstract:
  Carnot established in 1824 that the efficiency $\eta_{C}$ of reversible
engines operating between a hot bath at absolute temperature $T_{hot}$ and a
cold bath at temperature $T_{cold}$ is equal to $1-T_{cold}/T_{hot}$. Carnot
particularly considered air as a working fluid and small bath-temperature
differences. Plugging into Carnot's expression modern experimental values,
exact agreement with modern Thermodynamics is found. However, in a recently
published paper ["Sadi Carnot on Carnot's theorem", \textit{Am. J. Phys.}
\textbf{70}(1), 42-47, 2002], Guemez and others consider a "modified cycle"
involving two isobars that they mistakenly attribute to Carnot. They calculate
an efficiency considerably lower than $\eta_{C}$ and suggest that Carnot made
compensating errors. Our contention is that the Carnot theory is, to the
contrary, perfectly accurate.


title: Comment on "Solitonlike Solutions of the Grad-Shafranov Equation"

abstract:
  In the above entitled recent publication by Giovanni Lapenta [Phys. Rev.
Lett. Vol 90, 135005 (2003) ] it is claimed construction of a new class of
solitonlike solutions for the Grad-Shafranov equation in plane geometry. It is
proved here that, because of the mathematically erroneous choice \nabla p=
|\Psi|^2 \Psi \nabla \Psi for an analytic continuation of the poloidal magnetic
flux-function \Psi in the complex plane (p is the pressure), the cubic
Schr\"odinger equation considered by the author is irrelevant to the
equilibrium problem and the Grad-Shafranov equation.


title: The Lorentz Group, a Galilean Approach

abstract:
  We present a pedagogical approach to the Lorentz group. We start by
introducing a compact notation to express the elements of the fundamental
representation of the rotations group.Lorentz coordinate transformations are
derived in a novel and compact form. We show how to make a Lorentz
transformation on the electromagnetic fields as well. A covariant
time-derivative is introduced in order to deal with non-inertial systems.
Examples of the usefulness of these results such as the rotating system and the
Thomas precession, are also presented


title: A stochastic model for retinocollicular map development

abstract:
  We present a theoretical model for retinocollicular map development, which
can account for intriguing behaviors observed in gain-of-function experiments
in knock-in mice by Brown et al., including bifurcation in heterozygous
Isl2/EphA3 knock-ins. The model is based on known chemical labels, axonal
repulsion/competition, stochasticity and uses Markov chain description. Our
model suggests that the map in heterozygotes is single-valued in the temporal
region of retina due to reduced gradient of ephrin in the corresponding region
of SC. The remaining map is double-valued since the gradient of ephrin is high
there. We predict therefore that if gradient of ephrin is reduced by a genetic
manipulation, the single-valued region of the map should occupy a larger
portion of temporal retina, i.e. the point of transition between single- and
doulble-valued maps should move to a more nasal position in Isl2-EphA3
heterozygotes. We also discuss the importance of inhomogeneous EphA gradient
and mapping in Isl2/EphB knock-ins.


title:
Fast and accurate molecular Hartree-Fock with a finite-element multigrid
  method

abstract:
  We present a multigrid scheme for the solution of finite-element Hartree-Fock
equations for diatomic molecules. It is shown to be fast and accurate, the time
effort depending linearly on the number of variables. Results are given for the
molecules LiH, BH, N_2 and for the Be atom in our molecular grid which agrees
very well with accurate values from an atomic code. Highest accuracies were
obtained by applying an extrapolation scheme; we compare with other numerical
methods. For N_2 we get an accuracy below 1 nHartree.


title:
Scaled-Particle Theory and the Length-scales Involved in Hydrophobic
  Hydration of Aqueous Biomolecular Assemblies

abstract:
  Hydrophobic hydration plays a crucial role in self-assembly processes over
multiple length-scales, but the extrapolation of molecular-scale models to
larger length-scale hydration phenomena is sometimes not warranted.
Scaled-particle theories are based upon an interpolative view of that issue. We
revisit the scaled-particle theory proposed thirty years ago by Stillinger,
adopt a practical generalization, and consider the implications for hydrophobic
hydration in light of our current understanding. The generalization is based
upon identifying a molecular length, implicit in previous applications of
scaled-particle models, that provides an effective radius for joining
microscopic and macroscopic descriptions. We demonstrate that the generalized
theory correctly reproduces many of the anomalous thermodynamic properties of
hydrophobic hydration for molecularly sized solutes, including solubility
minima and entropy convergence, successfully interpolates between the
microscopic and macroscopic extremes, and provides new insights into the
underlying molecular mechanisms. The results are discussed in terms of
length-scales associated with component phenomena; in particular we first
discuss the micro-macroscopic joining radius identified by the theory, then we
discuss in turn the Tolman length that leads to an analogous length describing
curvature corrections of a surface area model of hydrophobic hydration free
energies, and the length-scales on which entropy convergence of hydration free
energies are expected.


title:
Probability density function of turbulent velocity fluctuations in
  rough-wall boundary layer

abstract:
  The probability density function of single-point velocity fluctuations in
turbulence is studied systematically using Fourier coefficients in the
energy-containing range. In ideal turbulence where energy-containing motions
are random and independent, the Fourier coefficients tend to Gaussian and
independent of each other. Velocity fluctuations accordingly tend to Gaussian.
However, if energy-containing motions are intermittent or contaminated with
bounded-amplitude motions such as wavy wakes, the Fourier coefficients tend to
non-Gaussian and dependent of each other. Velocity fluctuations accordingly
tend to non-Gaussian. These situations are found in our experiment of a
rough-wall boundary layer.


title:
Static polarizability of molecular materials: environmental and
  vibrational contributions

abstract:
  Modeling the dielectric behavior of molecular materials made up of large
pi-conjugated molecules is an interesting and complex task. Here we address
linear polarizabilities, and the related dielectric constant, of molecular
crystals and aggregates made up of closed-shell pi-conjugated molecules with
either a non-polar or largely polar ground-state, and also examine the behavior
of mixed-valence (or charge-transfer) organic salts. We recognize important
collective phenomena due to supramolecular interactions in materials with large
molecular polarizabilities, and underline large vibrational contributions to
the polarizability in materials with largely delocalized electrons.


title:
Collinear helium under periodic driving: stabilization of the asymmetric
  stretch orbit

abstract:
  The collinear eZe configuration of helium, with the electrons on opposite
sides of the nucleus, is studied in the presence of an external electromagnetic
(laser or microwave) field. We show that the classically unstable "asymmetric
stretch" orbit, on which doubly excited intrashell states of helium with
maximum interelectronic angle are anchored, can be stabilized by means of a
resonant driving where the frequency of the electromagnetic field equals the
frequency of Kepler-like oscillations along the orbit. A static magnetic field,
oriented parallel to the oscillating electric field of the driving, can be used
to enforce the stability of the configuration with respect to deviations from
collinearity. Quantum Floquet calculations within a collinear model of the
driven two-electron atom reveal the existence of nondispersive wave packets
localized on the stabilized asymmetric stretch orbit, for double excitations
corresponding to principal quantum numbers of the order of N > 10.


title: Expressing the power radiated by electric charged systems

abstract:
  After a systematic introduction of some formulae for the energy radiated by
localized electric charges and currents, one considers the multipole radiation
and the reduction of the multipole tensors to the symmetric traceless ones.


title:
Relativistic and retardation effects in the two--photon ionization of
  hydrogen--like ions

abstract:
  The non-resonant two-photon ionization of hydrogen-like ions is studied in
second-order perturbation theory, based on the Dirac equation. To carry out the
summation over the complete Coulomb spectrum, a Green function approach has
been applied to the computation of the ionization cross sections. Exact
second-order relativistic cross sections are compared with data as obtained
from a relativistic long-wavelength approximation as well as from the scaling
of non-relativistic results. For high-Z ions, the relativistic wavefunction
contraction may lower the two-photon ionization cross sections by a factor of
two or more, while retardation effects appear less pronounced but still give
rise to non-negligible contributions.


title: Future Lepton Hadron Colliders

abstract:
  Main parameters of future lepton-hadron colliders are estimated. Namely,
THERA and Linac*LHC based ep, gamma-p, eA and FEL gamma-A colliders are
considered. The physics search potential of these machines are considered.


title: Relativistic wave and Green's functions for hydrogen--like ions

abstract:
  The \textsc{Greens} library is presented which provides a set of C++
procedures for the computation of the (radial) Coulomb wave and Green's
functions. Both, the nonrelativistic as well as relativistic representations of
these functions are supported by the library. However, while the wave functions
are implemented for all, the bound and free--electron states, the Green's
functions are provided only for bound--state energies $(E < 0$). Apart from the
Coulomb functions, moreover, the implementation of several special functions,
such as the Kummer and Whittaker functions of the first and second kind, as
well as a few utility procedures may help the user with the set--up and
evaluation of matrix elements.


title:
Symbolic stochastic dynamical systems viewed as binary N-step Markov
  chains

abstract:
  A theory of systems with long-range correlations based on the consideration
of binary N-step Markov chains is developed. In the model, the conditional
probability that the i-th symbol in the chain equals zero (or unity) is a
linear function of the number of unities among the preceding N symbols. The
correlation and distribution functions as well as the variance of number of
symbols in the words of arbitrary length L are obtained analytically and
numerically. A self-similarity of the studied stochastic process is revealed
and the similarity group transformation of the chain parameters is presented.
The diffusion Fokker-Planck equation governing the distribution function of the
L-words is explored. If the persistent correlations are not extremely strong,
the distribution function is shown to be the Gaussian with the variance being
nonlinearly dependent on L. The applicability of the developed theory to the
coarse-grained written and DNA texts is discussed.

categories: physics.data-an cond-mat.stat-mech cs.CL math-ph math.MP nlin.AO physics.class-ph


title: Fermi and Bose pressures in statistical mechanics

abstract:
  I show how the Fermi and Bose pressures in quantum systems, identified in
standard discussions through the use of thermodynamic analogies, can be derived
directly in terms of the flow of momentum across a surface by using the quantum
mechanical stress tensor. In this approach, analogous to classical kinetic
theory, pressure is naturally defined locally, a point which is obvious in
terms of the stress-tensor but is hidden in the usual thermodynamic approach.
The two approaches are connected by an interesting application of boundary
perturbation theory for quantum systems. The treatment leads to a simple
interpretation of the pressure in Fermi and Bose systems in terms of the
momentum flow encoded in the wave functions. I apply the methods to several
problems, investigating the properties of quasi continuous systems, relations
for Fermi and Bose pressures, shape-dependent effects and anisotropies, and the
treatment of particles in external fields, and note several interesting
problems for graduate courses in statistical mechanics that arise naturally in
the context of these examples.


title:
Been Down So Long it Looks Like Up to Me: A Unified Derivation of
  Conjugate Gradient and Variable Metric Minimization

abstract:
  Simple derivations, at a level appropriate for an undergraduate computational
physics course, of the most popular methods for finding the minimum of a
function of many variables are presented in a unified manner in the context of
a general optimization scheme that emphasizes their essential similarities. The
derivations in this paper encompass the conjugate gradient methods with and
without conditioning, and the variable metric methods. The common variants of
these methods including Fletcher-Reeves, Polak-Ribiere,
Davidon-Fletcher-Powell, and Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno are described and
motivated.


title: Directional Tunneling Escape from Nearly Spherical Optical Resonators

abstract:
  We report the surprising observation of directional tunneling escape from
nearly spherical fused-silica optical resonators, in which most of the phase
space is filled with nonchaotic regular trajectories. Experimental and
theoretical studies of the dependence of the far-field emission pattern on both
the degree of deformation and the excitation condition show that
nonperturbative phase-space structures in the internal ray dynamics profoundly
affect tunneling leakage of the whispering-gallery modes.


title: Free Energy Transduction in a Chemical Motor Model

abstract:
  Motor enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, like the hydrolysis of ATP, and in
the process they also perform work. Recent studies indicate that motor enzymes
perform work with specific intermediate steps in their catalyzed reactions,
challenging the classic view (in Brownian motor models) that work can only be
performed within biochemical states. An alternative class of models (chemical
motor models) has emerged in which motors perform work with biochemical
transitions, but many of these models lack a solid physicochemical foundation.
In this paper, I develop a self consistent framework for chemical motor models.
This novel framework accommodates multiple pathways for free energy transfer,
predicts rich behaviors from the simplest multi motor systems, and provides
important new insights into muscle and motor function.


title:
Influence of electromagnetic interferences on the gravimetric
  sensitivity of surface acoustic waveguides

abstract:
  Surface acoustic waveguides are increasing in interest for (bio)chemical
detection. The surface mass modification leads to measurable changes in the
propagation properties of the waveguide. Among a wide variety of waveguides,
Love mode has been investigated because of its high gravimetric sensitivity.
The acoustic signal launched and detected in the waveguide by electrical
transducers is accompanied by an electromagnetic wave; the interaction of the
two signals, easily enhanced by the open structure of the sensor, creates
interference patterns in the transfer function of the sensor. The influence of
these interferences on the gravimetric sensitivity is presented, whereby the
structure of the entire sensor is modelled. We show that electromagnetic
interferences generate an error in the experimental value of the sensitivity.
This error is different for the open and the closed loop configurations of the
sensor. The theoretical approach is completed by the experimentation of an
actual Love mode sensor operated under liquid in open loop configuration. The
experiment indicates that the interaction depends on the frequency and the mass
modifications.


title: The Life and Legacy of Pomeranchuk

abstract:
  The life of Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk was short (20.05.1913 --
14.12.1966). But the impact of his personality and his works on physics and
physicists is remarkable. The talk describes the biography of I.Ya.
Pomeranchuk, his major contibutions to condenced matter physics, nuclear and
elementary particle physics. The talk is appended by a complete bibliography of
I.Ya. Pomeranchuk's publications.


title: Potentials of a uniformly moving point charge in the Coulomb gauge

abstract:
  The Coulomb-gauge vector potential of a uniformly moving point charge is
obtained by calculating the gauge function for the transformation between the
Lorenz and Coulomb gauges. The expression obtained for the difference between
the vector potentials in the two gauges is shown to satisfy a Poisson equation
to which the inhomogeneous wave equation for this quantity can be reduced. The
right-hand side of the Poisson equation involves an important but easily
overlooked delta-function term that arises from a second-order partial
derivative of the Coulomb potential of a point charge.


title: Vacuum Calorimetry in Exploding Wire Studies

abstract:
  A method of using vacuum calorimetry as a means of determining directly the
energy deposited in an electrically exploded wire is presented. This energy
determination is compared with that given by the time integral of the product
of voltage and current. A definite reproducible pattern of the explosion
products is deposited on the walls of the calorimeter, which may be used as a
means of understanding the behavior of the wire during the explosion.


title: The Interface between Classical Electrodynamics and Quantum Theory

abstract:
  In this paper we discuss in detail the interface between Classical
Electrodynamics and Quantum Theory, which shows up as well known unphysical
phenomena at the Compton scale in both the theories and argue that the photon
of the electromagnetic field can be considered to be a composite of a massless
Dirac particle and its anti particle.


title:
Effect of the Fast Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse on the Electric Power
  Grid Nationwide: A Different View

abstract:
  This paper primarily considers the potential effects of a single
high-altitude nuclear burst on the U.S. power grid. A comparison is made
between EMP and natural phenomena such as lightning. This paper concludes that
EMP is no more harmful to the power grid than its counterparts in nature. An
upper limit of the electric field of the very fast, high-amplitude EMP is
derived from first principles. The resulting values are significantly lower
than the commonly presented values. Additional calculations show that the
ionization produced by a nuclear burst severely attenuates the EMP.


title:
Mode coupling and conversion at anticrossings treated via stationary
  perturbation technique

abstract:
  Intermodal interactions displayed through the phenomena of mode coupling and
conversion in optical systems are treated by means of the Lindstedt-Poincare
perturbation method of strained parameters more widely known in classical
quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry as the stationary perturbation
technique. The focus here is on the mode conversion at the points of virtual
phase matching (otherwise called anticrossings or avoided crossings) associated
with the maximum conversion efficiency. The method is shown to provide a
convenient tool to deal with intermodal interactions at anticrossings --
interactions induced by any kind of perturbation in dielectric index profile of
the waveguide, embracing optical inhomogeneity, magnetization of arbitrary
orientation, and nonlinearity. Closed-form analytic expressions are derived for
the minimum value of mode mismatch and for the length of complete mode
conversion (the coupling length, or the beat length) in generic waveguiding
systems exhibiting anticrossings. Demonstrating the effectiveness of the
method, these general expressions are further applied to the case of TE -- TM
mode conversion in (i) a multilayer gyrotropic waveguide under
piecewise-constant, arbitrarily oriented magnetization, and (ii) an
optically-inhomogeneous planar dielectric waveguide -- an example which the
standard coupled-mode theory fails to describe.


title:
Intermolecular vibrational energy redistribution in DCO (X^2A'):
  Classical-Quantum correspondence, dynamical assignments of highly excited
  states, and phase space transport

abstract:
  Intermolecular dynamics of highly excited DCO (X^2A') is studied from a
classical-quantum perspective using the effective spectroscopic Hamiltonian
proposed recently by Trollch and Temps (Z. Phy. Chem. 215, 207 (2001)). This
work focuses on the polyads P = 3 and P = 4 corresponding to excitation
energies E_v ~ 5100 cm^-1 and 7000 cm^-1 respectively. The majority of states
belonging to these polyads are dynamically assigned, despite extensive
stochasticity in the classical phase space, using the recently proposed
technique of level velocities. A wavelet based time-frequency analysis is used
to reveal the nature of phase space transport and the relevant dynamical
bottlenecks. The local frequency analysis clearly illustrates the existence of
mode-specific IVR dynamics i.e., differing nature of the IVR dynamics ensuing
from CO stretch and the DCO bend bright states. In addition the role of the
weak Fermi resonance involving the CO stretch and DCO bend modes is
investigated. A key feature of the present work is that the techniques utilized
for the analysis i.e., parametric variations and local frequency analysis are
not limited by the dimensionality of the system. This study, thus, explores the
potential for understanding IVR in large molecules from both time domain and
frequency domain perspectives.


title:
A Conjugation Symmetry in Linear Electromagnetism, in Extension of
  Materials with Negative Real Permittivity and Permeability Scalars

abstract:
  If all space is occupied by a linear bianisotropic material--whether
homogeneous or not--then the concurrent replacements of the permittivity and
the impermeability tensors by the negatives of their respective complex
conjugates and of the magnetoelectric tensors by their respective complex
conjugates (in the Boys-Post representation) imply the conjugation of both E
and H, in the absence of externally impressed sources. This conjugation
symmetry in linear electromagnetism has observable consequences when the linear
bianisotropic material occupies a bounded region.


title: Information Metric on Instanton Moduli Spaces in Nonlinear Sigma Models

abstract:
  We study the information metric on instanton moduli spaces in two-dimensional
nonlinear sigma models. In the CP^1 model, the information metric on the moduli
space of one instanton with the topological charge Q=k which is any positive
integer is a three-dimensional hyperbolic metric, which corresponds to
Euclidean anti--de Sitter space-time metric in three dimensions, and the
overall scale factor of the information metric is (4k^2)/3; this means that the
sectional curvature is -3/(4k^2). We also calculate the information metric in
the CP^2 model.


title: Melting of San Carlos olivine in the presence of carbon at 6-12 GPa

abstract:
  Experiments at 6-12 GPa showed that San Carlos olivine surrounded by carbon
melts incongruently at 1400 C and higher temperatures, producing olivine with
lower Fe contents, pyroxene, carbide, and carbonate melt. The relatively low
melting temperature of 1400 C, independent of pressure, is consistent with
carbonate melting. The new evidence for the reduced stability of olivine at
high temperatures in the presence of carbonate melts is consistent with
geophysical observations, and results in a substantially improved agreement
between the experimentally determined phase relations and the observed seismic
velocity structure of the upper mantle.