title:
Temperature dependence of gravitational force:experiments, astrophysics,
  perspectives

abstract:
  The consistency of the results of measuring the gravitational force
temperature dependence obtained by Shaw and Davy in 1923 and by the author in
2003 was shown. Such dependence is observed in the laboratory experiments, it
does not contradict the known facts of classical mechanics and agrees with
astrophysics data. It was pointed out that experimental research into
temperature influence on gravitation was needed and perspectives of developing
that trend in gravitation physics was promising.


title:
dHybrid: a massively parallel code for hybrid simulations of space
  plasmas

abstract:
  A massively parallel simulation code, called \textit{dHybrid}, has been
developed to perform global scale studies of space plasma interactions. This
code is based on an explicit hybrid model; the numerical stability and parallel
scalability of the code are studied. A stabilization method for the explicit
algorithm, for regions of near zero density, is proposed. Three-dimensional
hybrid simulations of the interaction of the solar wind with unmagnetized
artificial objects are presented, with a focus on the expansion of a plasma
cloud into the solar wind, which creates a diamagnetic cavity and drives the
Interplanetary Magnetic Field out of the expansion region. The dynamics of this
system can provide insights into other similar scenarios, such as the
interaction of the solar wind with unmagnetized planets.


title: Light forces in ultracold photoassociation

abstract:
  We study the time-resolved photoassociation of ultracold sodium in an optical
dipole trap. The photoassociation laser excites pairs of atoms to molecular
states of large total angular momentum at high intensities (above 20
kW/cm$^{2}$). Such transitions are generally suppressed at ultracold
temperatures by the centrifugal barriers for high partial waves. Time-resolved
ionization measurements reveal that the atoms are accelerated by the dipole
potential of the photoassociation beam. We change the collision energy by
varying the potential depth, and observe a strong variation of the
photoassociation rate. These results demonstrate the important role of light
forces in cw photoassociation at high intensities.


title:
The structure of the hydrated electron. Part 2. A mixed quantum
  classical molecular dynamics - embedded cluster density functional theory:
  single-excitation configuration interaction study

abstract:
  Adiabatic mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to
generate snapshots of the hydrated electron (e-) in liquid water at 300 K.
Water cluster anions that include two complete solvation shells centered on the
e- were extracted from these simulations and embedded in a matrix of fractional
point charges designed to represent the rest of the solvent. Density functional
theory and single-excitation configuration interaction methods were then
applied to these embedded clusters. The salient feature of these hybrid
calculations is significant transfer (ca. 0.18) of the excess electron's charge
density into the O 2p orbitals in OH groups forming the solvation cavity. We
used the results of these calculations to examine the structure of the
molecular orbitals, the density of states, the absorption spectra in the
visible and ultraviolet, the hyperfine coupling (hfc) tensors, and the IR and
Raman spectra of the e-. The calculated hfc tensors were used to compute the
EPR and ESEEM spectra for the e- that compared favorably to the experimental
spectra of trapped e- in alkaline ice. The calculated vibrational spectra of
the e- are consistent with the red-shifted bending and stretching frequencies
observed in resonance Raman experiments. The model also accounts for the VIS
and 190-nm absorption bands of the e-. Thus, our study suggests that to explain
several important experimentally observed properties of the e-, many-electron
effects must be accounted for.


title: Network effects in service usage

abstract:
  While there is ample evidence that social and communication networks play a
key role during the spread of new ideas, products, or services, network effects
are expected to have diminished influence in the stationary state, when all
users are aware of the innovation, and its usage pattern is determined mainly
by its utility to the user. Here we study four mobile phone-based services
available to over six million subscribers, allowing us to simultaneously
monitor the communication network between individuals and the time-resolved
service usage patterns. We find that usage highly correlates with the structure
of the communication network, and demonstrate the coexistence on the same
social network of two distinct usage classes, network effects being responsible
for the quantifiable differences between them. To test the predictive power of
our theory, we demonstrate that traditional marketing techniques are
ineffective in permanently boosting service adoption, and propose a hub-based
incentive mechanism that has the potential to enhance usage for one of the two
service classes.


title: A triple-GEM telescope for the TOTEM experiment

abstract:
  The TOTEM experiment at LHC has chosen the triple Gas Electron Multiplier
(GEM) technology for its T2 telescope which will provide charged track
reconstruction in the rapidity range 5.3<|eta|<6.5 and a fully inclusive
trigger for diffractive events. GEMs are gas-filled detectors that have the
advantageous decoupling of the charge amplification structure from the charge
collection and readout structure. Furthermore, they combine good spatial
resolution with very high rate capability and a good resistance to radiation.
Results from a detailed T2 GEM simulation and from laboratory tests on a final
design detector performed at CERN are presented.


title: Quantum Geometry of the Dynamical Space-time

abstract:
  Quantum theory of field (extended) objects without a priori space-time
geometry has been represented. Intrinsic coordinates in the tangent fibre
bundle over complex projective Hilbert state space $CP(N-1)$ are used instead
of space-time coordinates. The fate of quantum system modeled by the
generalized coherent states is rooted in this manifold. Dynamical
(state-dependent) space-time arises only at the stage of the quantum "yes/no"
measurement. The quantum measurement of the gauge ``field shell'' of the
generalized coherent state is described in terms of the affine parallel
transport of the local dynamical variables in $CP(N-1)$.


title:
Simple quantitative estimate of the derivative discontinuity of the
  exchange-correlation functional in atoms and molecules

abstract:
  The derivative discontinuity of the exchange-correlation functional of
density-functional theory is cast as the difference of two types of electron
affinities. We show that standard Kohn-Sham calculations can be used to
calculate both affinities, and that their difference benefits from substantial
and systematic error cancellations, permitting reliable estimates of the
derivative discontinuity. Numerical calculations for atoms and molecules show
that the discontinuity is quite large (typically several eV), and significantly
and consistently improves the agreement of the calculated fundamental energy
gap with the experimental gaps. The percentage error of the single-particle gap
is reduced in favorable cases by more than one order of magnitude, and even in
unfavorable cases by about a factor of two.


title: Second bound state of PsH

abstract:
  The existence of a second bound state of PsH that is electronically stable
and also stable against positron annihilation by the normal 2gamma and 3gamma
processes is demonstrated by explicit calculation. The state can be found in
the 2,4So symmetries with the two electrons in a spin triplet state. The
binding energy against dissociation into the H(2p) + Ps(2p) channel was
6.06x10-4 Hartree. The dominant decay mode of the states will be radiative
decay into a configuration that autoionizes or undergoes positron annihilation.
The NaPs system of the same symmetry is also electronically stable with a
binding energy of 1.553x10-3 Hartree with respect to the Na(3p) + Ps(2p)
channel.


title: Linear theory of wave generation by a moving bottom

abstract:
  The computation of long wave propagation through the ocean obviously depends
on the initial condition. When the waves are generated by a moving bottom, a
traditional approach consists in translating the ``frozen'' sea bed deformation
to the free surface and propagating it. The present study shows the differences
between the classical approach (passive generation) and the active generation
where the bottom motion is included. The analytical solutions presented here
exhibit some of the drawbacks of passive generation. The linearized solutions
seem to be sufficient to consider the generation of water waves by a moving
bottom.


title: A liquid xenon ionization chamber in an all-fluoropolymer vessel

abstract:
  A novel technique has been developed to build vessels for liquid xenon
ionization detectors entirely out of ultra-clean fluoropolymer. We describe the
advantages in terms of low radioactivity contamination, provide some details of
the construction techniques, and show the energy resolution achieved with a
prototype all-fluoropolymer ionization detector.


title: Detection of phase singularities with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

abstract:
  While adaptive optical systems are able to remove moderate wavefront
distortions in scintillated optical beams, phase singularities that appear in
strongly scintillated beams can severely degrade the performance of such an
adaptive optical system. Therefore, the detection of these phase singularities
is an important aspect of strong scintillation adaptive optics. We investigate
the detection of phase singularities with the aid of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront
sensor and show that, in spite of some systematical deficiencies inherent to
the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, it can be used for the reliable detection
of phase singularities, irrespective of their morphologies. We provide full
analytical results, together with numerical simulations of the detection
process.


title:
Correlation between radiation processes in silicon and long-time
  degradation of detectors for high energy physics experiments

abstract:
  In this contribution, the correlation between fundamental interaction
processes induced by radiation in silicon and observable effects which limit
the use of silicon detectors in high energy physics experiments is investigated
in the frame of a phenomenological model which includes: generation of primary
defects at irradiation starting from elementary interactions in silicon;
kinetics of defects, effects at the p-n junction detector level. The effects
due to irradiating particles (pions, protons, neutrons), to their flux, to the
anisotropy of the threshold energy in silicon, to the impurity concentrations
and resistivity of the starting material are investigated as time, fluence and
temperature dependences of detector characteristics. The expected degradation
of the electrical parameters of detectors in the complex hadron background
fields at LHC & SLHC are predicted.


title: A stochastic representation for the Poisson-Vlasov equation

abstract:
  A stochastic representation for the solutions of the Poisson-Vlasov equation
is obtained. The representation involves both an exponential and a branching
process. The stochastic representation, besides providing an alternative
existence proof and an intuitive characterization of the solutions, may also be
used to obtain an intrinsic definition of the fluctuations.


title: Controlling mode locking in optical ring cavities

abstract:
  Imperfections in the surface of intracavity elements of an optical ring
resonator can scatter light from one mode into the counterpropagating mode. The
phase-locking of the cavity modes induced by this backscattering is a
well-known example that notoriously afflicts laser gyroscopes and similar
active systems. We experimentally show how backscattering can be circumvented
in a unidirectionally operated ring cavity either by an appropriate choice of
the resonant cavity mode or by active feedback control.


title: On the strategy frequency problem in batch Minority Games

abstract:
  Ergodic stationary states of Minority Games with S strategies per agent can
be characterised in terms of the asymptotic probabilities $\phi_a$ with which
an agent uses $a$ of his strategies. We propose here a simple and general
method to calculate these quantities in batch canonical and grand-canonical
models. Known analytic theories are easily recovered as limiting cases and, as
a further application, the strategy frequency problem for the batch
grand-canonical Minority Game with S=2 is solved. The generalization of these
ideas to multi-asset models is also presented. Though similarly based on
response function techniques, our approach is alternative to the one recently
employed by Shayeghi and Coolen for canonical batch Minority Games with
arbitrary number of strategies.


title: Effects of Mass Media and Cultural Drift in a Model for Social Influence

abstract:
  In the context of an extension of Axelrod's model for social influence, we
study the interplay and competition between the cultural drift, represented as
random perturbations, and mass media, introduced by means of an external
homogeneous field. Unlike previous studies [J. C. Gonz\'alez-Avella {\it et
al}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 72}, 065102(R) (2005)], the mass media coupling proposed
here is capable of affecting the cultural traits of any individual in the
society, including those who do not share any features with the external
message. A noise-driven transition is found: for large noise rates, both the
ordered (culturally polarized) phase and the disordered (culturally fragmented)
phase are observed, while, for lower noise rates, the ordered phase prevails.
In the former case, the external field is found to induce cultural ordering, a
behavior opposite to that reported in previous studies using a different
prescription for the mass media interaction. We compare the predictions of this
model to statistical data measuring the impact of a mass media vasectomy
promotion campaign in Brazil.


title:
Comment on "Information Capacity of Optical Fiber Channels with Zero
  Average Dispersion"

abstract:
  A comment on a recent Letter on the information capacity of nonlinear
channels.


title: On X-Ray Waveguiding in Nanochannels: Channeling Formalism

abstract:
  The question on X-ray extreme focusing (smallest reachable spot size) brings
us to the idea for using the wave features of X-ray propagation in media. As
known, wave features are revealed at propagation in ultra-narrow collimators as
well as at glancing reflection from smooth flat and/or strongly curved
surfaces. All these phenomena can be described within the general formalism of
X-ray channeling.


title: Using ordinary multiplication to do relativistic velocity addition

abstract:
  Relativistic addition of velocities in one dimension, though a mainstay of
introductory physics, contributes much less physical insight than it could. For
such calculations, we propose the use of velocity factors (two-way doppler
factors). Velocities can easily, often by inspection, be turned into velocity
factors, and vice versa. Velocity factors compose by ordinary multiplication.
This simple device considerably extends the kinds of questions that can be
asked and answered in an introductory course.


title:
Signature of ray chaos in quasi-bound wave functions for a
  stadium-shaped dielectric cavity

abstract:
  Light emission from a dielectric cavity with a stadium shape is studied in
both ray and wave models. For a passive cavity mode with low loss, a remarkable
correspondence is found between the phase space representation of a quasi-bound
wavefunction and its counterpart distribution in the ray model. This result
provides additional and more direct evidence for good ray-wave correspondence
in low-loss modes previously observed at the level of far-field emission
pattern comparisons.


title:
Modelling spatial distribution of defects and estimation of electrical
  degradation of silicon detectors in radiation fields at high luminosity

abstract:
  The irradiation represents a useful tool for determining the characteristics
of defects in semiconductors as well as a method to evaluate their degradation,
fact with important technological consequences. In this contribution, starting
from available data on the degradation of silicon detector characteristics in
radiation fields, these effects are explained in the frame of a model that
supposes also the production of the SiFFCD defect due to irradiation. The
displacement threshold energies - different for different crystallographic
axes, considered as parameters of the model, are established and the results
obtained could contribute to clarify these controversial aspects. Predictions
of the degradation of electrical parameters (leakage current, effective carrier
concentration and effective trapping probabilities for electrons and holes) of
DOFZ silicon detectors in the hadron background of the LHC accelerator,
supposing operation at -10 grdC are done. The non uniformity of the rate of
production of primary defects and of complexes, as a function of depth, for
incident particles with low kinetic energy was obtained by simulations in some
particular and very simplifying assumptions, suggesting the possible important
contribution of the low energy component of the background spectra to detector
degradation.


title: The phase-locked mean impulse response of a turbulent channel flow

abstract:
  We describe the first DNS-based measurement of the complete mean response of
a turbulent channel flow to small external disturbances. Space-time impulsive
perturbations are applied at one channel wall, and the linear response
describes their mean effect on the flow field as a function of spatial and
temporal separations. The turbulent response is shown to differ from the
response a laminar flow with the turbulent mean velocity profile as base flow.


title: Time-dependent quantum Monte Carlo: preparation of the ground state

abstract:
  We study one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Helium atoms using a
new time-dependent quantum Monte Carlo (TDQMC) method. The TDQMC method employs
random walkers, with a separate guiding wave attached to each walker. The
ground state is calculated by a self-consistent solution of complex-time
Schroedinger equations for the guiding waves and of equations for the velocity
fields of the walkers. Our results show that the many-body wavefunction and the
ground state energy of the model atoms are very close to those predicted by the
standard diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method. The obtained ground state can
further be used to examine correlated time-dependent processes which include,
for example, interaction of atoms and molecules with external electromagnetic
fields.


title:
Upconversion channels in Er3+:ZBLALiP: multicolour microspherical light
  source

abstract:
  We present results on the realization of an all-taper coupled, multicolour
microspherical glass light source fabricated from the erbium doped fluoride
glass ZBLALiP. Whispering gallery mode lasing and upconversion processes give
rise to laser and fluorescent emissions at multiple wavelengths from the
ultraviolet to the infrared. A single-mode tapered fibre coupling scheme, which
serves to both launch pump light at 980 nm into the microresonator cavity and
collect the resulting infrared lasing, is employed. We demonstrate the use of a
second separate fibre taper to outcouple the upconversion spectrum over several
hundred nanometers. Thirteen discrete emissions ranging from 320 to 850 nm have
been observed in the upconversion spectrum. The absorption and fluorescence
properties are studied and the processes responsible for the generation of the
observed wavelengths are outlined.


title:
Optical Coherence Spectro-Tomography by all-Optical Depth-Wavelength
  analysis

abstract:
  Current spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods rely on a
posteriori numerical calculation. We present an alternative for accessing
optically the spectroscopic information in OCT, i.e. without any
post-processing, by using a grating based correlation and a wavelength
demultiplexing system. Conventional A-scan and spectrally resolved A-scan are
directly recorded on the image sensor. Furthermore, due to the grating based
system, no correlation scan is necessary. In the frame of this paper we present
the principle of the system as well as first experimental results.


title:
ANOXIA, Treatment by Oxygen Deprivation, Optimizing Treatment Time of
  Museum Objects

abstract:
  ANOXIA, treatment by oxygen deprivation is largely used for decontamination
and disinfestation of cellulose and protein-based organic materials. More
specifically this method is applied to more than one hundred thousand of
objects destinated for a new museum in Paris, "Musee du Quai Branly". We
describe the anoxia installation in this museum and report the result of a
study regarding the efficiency of this method and the optimum treatment time,
crucial for treating a large collection. We show that the standard 21 days of
exposure is not always the optimal choice. Temperature plays a crucial role for
hastening the death of insects found within objects. At a temperature of 25C,
it is entirely possible to reduce exposure times to 10 or 15 days for the
insect species commonly found in museums. The oxygen drop times is between 1
and 2 days for most objects, depending on type and porosity of materials. This
corresponds to a treatment time between 15 and 16 days. The effect of humidity
is less clear. It can increase the necessary treatment time both for larvae and
for adult insects.


title:
A short-range correlation energy density functional with
  multi-determinantal reference

abstract:
  We introduce a short-range correlation density functional defined with
respect to a multi-determinantal reference which is meant to be used in a
multi-determinantal extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme of density functional
theory based on a long-range/short-range decomposition of the Coulomb
electron-electron interaction. We construct the local density approximation for
this functional and discuss its performance on the He atom.


title: Performance of the Cell processor for biomolecular simulations

abstract:
  The new Cell processor represents a turning point for computing intensive
applications. Here, I show that for molecular dynamics it is possible to reach
an impressive sustained performance in excess of 30 Gflops with a peak of 45
Gflops for the non-bonded force calculations, over one order of magnitude
faster than a single core standard processor.


title:
On an identity for the volume integral of the square of a vector field.
  Remark on a paper by A. M. Stewart

abstract:
  Stewart has presented a position-space derivation of the identity for the
volume integral of a product of two vector fields noted by Gubarev, Stodolsky,
and Zakharov, and applied the results to classical electromagnetic theory. I
present a simplified derivation suitable for use in undergraduate courses.


title: The new sight on the Hertz electrodynamics of a moving bodies

abstract:
  A little error was eliminated from Hertz equations. New Hertz equations do
not contradict to all electromagnetic experiments. Therefore Hertz
electrodynamics is the alternative to Einstein electrodynamics. It means that
the question about the absolute or relative character of both space and time
must be rediscussed. Lorentz transformations can be used only if our
theoretical model of an electromagnetic phenomenon is not complete one .


title: An Atom Counting QSPR Protocol

abstract:
  A deceptively simple descriptor, viz. the number of carbon / non-hydrogenic
atoms present in a molecule, is proposed for the development of useful
quantitative-structure-property-relationship (QSPR) models. It is tested in
models pertaining to the estimation of boiling point of alcohols, enthalpy of
vaporization of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), n-octanol / water partition
coefficient of PCBs and chloroanisoles, pKa values of carboxylic acids, phenols
and alcohols etc. Very high values of various regression coefficients (R2,
R2CV, R2Ad) suggest the significance of this descriptor which further improves
in the resulting two-parameter QSPR models with electrophilicity or its local
variant as an additional descriptor.


title: Could humans recognize odor by phonon assisted tunneling?

abstract:
  Our sense of smell relies on sensitive, selective atomic-scale processes that
are initiated when a scent molecule meets specific receptors in the nose.
However, the physical mechanisms of detection are not clear. While odorant
shape and size are important, experiment indicates these are insufficient. One
novel proposal suggests inelastic electron tunneling from a donor to an
acceptor mediated by the odorant actuates a receptor, and provides critical
discrimination. We test the physical viability of this mechanism using a simple
but general model. Using values of key parameters in line with those for other
biomolecular systems, we find the proposed mechanism is consistent both with
the underlying physics and with observed features of smell, provided the
receptor has certain general properties. This mechanism suggests a distinct
paradigm for selective molecular interactions at receptors (the swipe card
model): recognition and actuation involve size and shape, but also exploit
other processes.


title:
A volume-based description of gas flows with localised mass-density
  variations

abstract:
  We reconsider some fundamental aspects of the fluid mechanics model, and the
derivation of continuum flow equations from gas kinetic theory. Two topologies
for fluid representation are presented, and a set of macroscopic equations are
derived through a modified version of the classical Boltzmann kinetic equation
for monatomic gases. The free volumes around the gaseous molecules are
introduced into the set of kinetic microscopic parameters. Our new description
comprises four, rather than three, conservation equations; the classical
continuity equation, which conflates actual mass-density and number-density in
a single equation, has been split into a conservation equation of mass (which
involves only the classical number-density of the gaseous particles) and an
evolution equation purely of the mass-density (mass divided by the actual
volume of the fluid). We propose this model as a better description of gas
flows displaying non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (rarefied flows), flows
with relatively large variations of macroscopic properties, and/or highly
compressible fluids/flows.


title: A constitutive model for volume-based descriptions of gas flows

abstract:
  We derive the pressure tensor and the heat flux to accompany the new
macroscopic conservation equations that we developed previously in a
volume-based kinetic framework for gas flows. This kinetic description allows
for expansion or compression of a fluid element, and is characterized by a flux
of volume that conventional modelling does not account for. A new convective
form of transport arises from this new approach, which is due purely to
macroscopic expansion or compression. It supplements the conventional transport
processes, which are transport due purely to mass motion (classical convective
transport) and transport due purely to random motion (diffusive transport). In
addition, we show that the thermodynamic parameters of the fluid (temperature
and pressure) appear with new non-equilibrium contributions that depend on
density variations in the gas. Our new model may be useful for describing gas
flows that display non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (rarefied gas flows),
flows with relatively large variations of macroscopic properties, and/or highly
compressible fluids and flows.


title:
Collective Behavior of Self Propelling Particles with Kinematic
  Constraints; The relation between the discrete and the continuous description

abstract:
  In two papers we proposed a continuum model for the dynamics of systems of
self propelling particles with kinematic constraints on the velocities and
discussed some of its properties. The model aims to be analogous to a discrete
algorithm used in works by T. Vicsek et al. In this paper we derive the
continuous hydrodynamic model from the discrete description. The similarities
and differences between the resulting model and the hydrodynamic model
postulated in our previous papers are discussed. The results clarify the
assumptions used to obtain a continuous description.


title: Swift Highly Charged Ion Channelling

abstract:
  We review recent experimental and theoretical progress made in the scope of
swift highly charged ion channelling in crystals. The usefulness of such
studies is their ability to yield impact parameter information on charge
transfer processes, and also on some time related problems. We discuss the
cooling and heating phenomena at MeV/u energies, results obtained with
decelerated H-like ion beams at GSI and with ions having an excess of electrons
at GANIL, the superdensity effect along atomic strings and Resonant Coherent
Excitation.


title:
Stability properties of the collective stationary motion of
  self-propelling particles with conservative kinematic constraints

abstract:
  In our previous papers we proposed a continuum model for the dynamics of the
systems of self-propelling particles with conservative kinematic constraints on
the velocities. We have determined a class of stationary solutions of this
hydrodynamic model and have shown that two types of stationary flow, linear and
radially symmetric (vortical) flow, are possible. In this paper we consider the
stability properties of these stationary flows. We show, using a linear
stability analysis, that the linear solutions are neutrally stable with respect
to the imposed velocity and density perturbations. A similar analysis of the
stability of the vortical solution is found to be not conclusive.


title: Are Strong Bronsted Acids Necessarily Strong Lewis Acids?

abstract:
  The Broensted and Lowry acid base theory is based on the capacity of proton
donation or acceptance (in the presence or absence of a solvent) whereas the
Lewis acid base theory is based on the propensity of electron pair acceptance
or donation. We explore through DFT calculation the obvious question whether
these two theories are in conformity with each other. We use pKa as the
descriptor for the Broensted and Lowry acidity. The DFT descriptors like
ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, hardness and global
electrophilicity are computed for 58 organic and inorganic acids. The
fractional electron transfer, del(N) and the associated energy change, del(E)
for the reaction of these acids with trimethyl amine (a strong base) are used
as the possible descriptors for the Lewis acidity. A near exponential decrease
in del(N) and (-del(E)) values is observed in general with an increase in pKa
values. The findings reveal that a stronger Broensted acid in most cases
behaves as a stronger Lewis acid as well. However it is not necessarily true
for all acids.


title:
Tripartite loss model for Mach-Zehnder interferometers with application
  to phase sensitivity : Complete expressions for measurement operator mean
  values, variances, and cross correlations

abstract:
  A generalized analytical tripartite loss model is posited for Mach-Zehnder
interferometer (MZI) phase sensitivity which is valid for both arbitrary photon
input states and arbitrary system environmental states. This model is shown to
subsume the phase sensitivity models for the lossless MZI and the ground state
MZI. It can be employed to develop specialized models useful for estimating
phase sensitivities, as well as for performing associated design trade-off
analyses, for MZIs which operate in environmental regimes that are not
contained within the ground state MZI's envelope of validity. As a simple
illustration of its utility, the model is used to develop phase sensitivity
expessions for an MZI with "excited" internal arms and an MZI with "excited"
output channels. These expressions yield a conditional relationship between the
expected number of photons entering an MZI and its efficiency parameters
which-when satisfied-predicts an enhanced phase sensitivity for the MZI with
"excited" output channels relative to that for the MZI with "excited" internal
arms.


title: Phase sensitivity of perturbative nonlinear interactions

abstract:
  Despite the current concentration on phase control in few-cycle pulses, it
emerges that there exists a wide class of nonlinear optical interactions in
which the carrier phase is essentially irrelevant, even for the shortest pulse
profiles. Most parametric processes and most perturbative processes fall into
this category, although others such as above threshold ionization (ATI) do not.
In an envelope approach, the carrier oscillations are not part of the problem
because they are removed at the outset. When they are reinstated at the end of
the calculation, one is free to include arbitrary phase shifts -- within
certain constraints. In many cases the constraints are relatively weak, and it
follows that a single envelope solution can be used with an infinite range of
choices for the carrier phase.


title:
Application of Fresnel diffraction to nondestructive measurement of the
  refractive index profiles of optical fibers

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a some errors in figures 2
and 3.


title: Theory of directional pulse propagation

abstract:
  We construct combined electric and magnetic field variables which
independently represent energy flows in the forward and backward directions
respectively, and use these to re-formulate Maxwell's equations. These
variables enable us to not only judge the effect and significance of
backward-travelling field components, but also to discard them when
appropriate. They thereby have the potential to simplify numerical simulations,
leading to potential speed gains of up to 100% over standard FDTD or PSSD
simulations. We present results for various illustrative situations, including
an example application to second harmonic generation in periodically poled
lithium niobate. These field variables are also used to derive both envelope
equations useful for narrow-band pulse propagation, and a second order wave
equation. Alternative definitions are also presented.


title: Theory of directional pulse propagation: detailed calculations

abstract:
  I construct combined electric and magnetic field variables which
independently represent energy flows in the forward and backward directions
respectively, and use these to re-formulate Maxwell's equations. The emphasis
is on detailed calculations, with a more general overview being published in
Phys. Rev. A72 and arXiv. These directional variables enable us to not only
judge the effect and significance of backward-travelling field components, but
also to discard them when appropriate. They thereby have the potential to
simplify numerical simulations, leading to potential speed gains of up to 100%
over standard FDTD or PSSD simulations. These field variables are also used to
derive both envelope equations useful for narrow-band pulse propagation, and a
second order wave equation. Alternative definitions are also presented, along
with their associated wave equations.


title: Vector soliton fission by reflection at nonlinear interfaces

abstract:
  We address the reflection of vector solitons, comprising several components
that exhibit multiple field oscillations, at the interface between two
nonlinear media. We reveal that reflection causes fission of the input signal
into sets of solitons propagating at different angles. We find that the maximum
number of solitons that arises upon the fission is given by the number of field
oscillations in the highest-order input vector soliton.


title: Fast electron scattering as a tool to study target structure

abstract:
  We concentrate on several relatively new aspects of the study of fast
electron scattering by atoms and atom-like objects, namely endohedral atoms and
fullerenes. We show that the corresponding cross sections, being expressed via
so-called Generalized Oscillator Strengths (GOS), give information on the
electronic structure of the target and on the role of electron correlations in
it. We consider what sort of information became available when analyzing the
dependence of GOS upon their multipolarity, transferred momentum and energy. We
demonstrate the role of nondipole corrections in the small-angle fast-electron
inelastic scattering. There dipole contribution dominates while non-dipole
corrections can be considerably and controllably enhanced as compared to the
case of low and medium energy photoionization. We show also that analyses of
GOS for discrete level excitations permit to clarify their multipolarity. The
results of calculations of Compton excitation and ionization cross-sections for
noble gas atoms are presented. Attention is given to cooperative effects in
inelastic fast electron - atom scattering that results in directed motion of
the secondary electrons, a phenomenon that is similar to drag currents in
photoionization. We demonstrate how one should derive GOS for endohedral atoms,
e.g. A@C60 and what is the additional information that can be obtained from
corresponding GOS. Most of discussions are illustrated by the results of
concrete calculations.


title: Notes on statistical separation of classes of events

abstract:
  This short note contains some definitions and formulas about the power of an
observable in statistically separating different classes of events.


title: Close-coupling calculations of rotational energy transfer in p-H2+HD

abstract:
  We report quantum-mechanical close-coupling calculations for rotational state
resolved cross sections for p-H2+HD collisions. The low temperature limit of
p-H2+HD is investigated, which is of significant astrophysical interest in
regard to the cooling of primordial gas and the interstellar media. Sharp
resonances have been reproduced in the cross sections of some transition states
at very low kinetic energies, E< 0.00001 eV.


title:
Fundamental Properties of Lagrangian Density for A Gravitational System
  and Their Derivations

abstract:
  Through the discussion of the fundamental properties of Lagrangian density
for a gravitational system, the theoretical foundations of the modified
Einstein field equations and the Lorentz and Levi-Civita conservation laws are
systematically studied. Our study confirms the view that they could be used as
the premises to establish a new cosmology.


title:
Comment on Development and assessment of research-based tutorials on
  heat engines and the second law of thermodynamics, by Matthew J. Cochran and
  Paula R. L. Heron, Am. J. Phys. 74, 734--741 (2006)

abstract:
  A diagram that represents both conservation of energy and constancy of
entropy in Carnot cycle.


title:
Linear and Secondary Instabilities in Incompressible Axisymmetric
  Boundary Layers: Effect of Transverse Curvature

abstract:
  The incompressible boundary layer in the axial flow past a cylinder has been
shown Tutty et. al.(\cite{tutty}) to be stabler than a two-dimensional boundary
layer, with the helical mode being the least stable. In this paper the
secondary instability of this flow is studied. The laminar flow is shown here
to be always stable at high transverse curvatures to secondary disturbances,
which, together with a similar observation for the linear modes implies that
the flow past a thin cylinder is likely to remain laminar. The azimuthal
wavenumber of the pair of least stable secondary modes ($m_+$ and $m_-$) are
related to that of the primary ($n$) by $m_+=2n$ and $m_-=-n$. The base flow is
shown to be inviscidly stable at any curvature.


title:
Parametric optimization for an x-ray Free Electron Laser with a laser
  wiggler

abstract:
  In this paper we optimize the experimental parameters to operate a Free
Electron Laser with a laser wiggler in the Angstrom region. We show that the
quantum regime of the Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (Quantum SASE) may be
reached with realistic parameters. The classical SASE regime is also discussed
and compared with the quantum regime.


title:
Modeling the registration efficiency of thermal neutrons by gadolinium
  foils

abstract:
  In the paper we present the results of mathematical modeling of the
registration efficiency of thermal neutrons for the converters made of natural
Gd and its 157 isotope plane-parallel foils. In the performed calculations four
fixed energies of neutrons with the corresponding wavelengths of 1, 1.8, 3 and
4 $A^0$ are taken into account. We calculate the efficiencies of the converter
for electron escapes to frontward and backward hemispheres and their sum,
depending on thickness of converting foils. Results of comparison of our
calculations with the experimental data are presented.


title:
Physical Meaning and Experimental Check of a Variational Principle for
  Macro-to-Micro Transition

abstract:
  It is argued that, for strongly non-linear behaviors, a fully deterministic
position can hardly be maintained in the micro-macro transitions. This is due
to the lack of information on the relevant boundary conditions, and to the
tendency of non-linear dynamical systems to have a "horizon of predictibility".
In the variational micro-macro model proposed by us, the data of the
microscopic behavior plus the overall stimulus has to be supplemented by a
"heterogeneity parameter". In this model, the macro-to-micro transition depends
on the validity of a "principle of minimal heterogeneity" (PMH). It is shown
that the PMH has a close relation to the maximum entropy principle.


title: Maximum entropy principle and texture formation

abstract:
  The macro-to-micro transition in a heterogeneous material is envisaged as the
selection of a probability distribution by the Principle of Maximum Entropy
(MAXENT). The material is made of constituents, e.g. given crystal
orientations. Each constituent is itself made of a large number of elementary
constituents. The relevant probability is the volume fraction of the elementary
constituents that belong to a given constituent and undergo a given stimulus.
Assuming only obvious constraints in MAXENT means describing a maximally
disordered material. This is proved to have the same average stimulus in each
constituent. By adding a constraint in MAXENT, a new model, potentially
interesting e.g. for texture prediction, is obtained.


title: Water waves generated by a moving bottom

abstract:
  Tsunamis are often generated by a moving sea bottom. This paper deals with
the case where the tsunami source is an earthquake. The linearized water-wave
equations are solved analytically for various sea bottom motions. Numerical
results based on the analytical solutions are shown for the free-surface
profiles, the horizontal and vertical velocities as well as the bottom
pressure.


title: Readout of GEM Detectors Using the Medipix2 CMOS Pixel Chip

abstract:
  We have operated a Medipix2 CMOS readout chip, with amplifying, shaping and
charge discriminating front-end electronics integrated on the pixel-level, as a
highly segmented direct charge collecting anode in a three-stage gas electron
multiplier (Triple-GEM) to detect the ionization from $^{55}$Fe X-rays and
electrons from $^{106}$Ru. The device allows to perform moderate energy
spectroscopy measurements (20 % FWHM at 5.9 keV $X$-rays) using only digital
readout and two discriminator thresholds. Being a truly 2D-detector, it allows
to observe individual clusters of minimum ionizing charged particles in
$Ar/CO_2$ (70:30) and $He/CO_2$ (70:30) mixtures and to achieve excellent
spatial resolution for position reconstruction of primary clusters down to
$\sim 50 \mu m$, based on the binary centroid determination method.


title: Stiffening of semiflexible biopolymers and cross-linked networks

abstract:
  We study the mechanical stiffening behavior in two-dimensional (2D)
cross-linked networks of semiflexible biopolymer filaments under simple shear.
Filamental constituents immersed in a fluid undergo thermally excited bending
motions. Pulling out these undulations results in an increase in the axial
stiffness. We analyze this stiffening behavior of 2D semiflexible filaments in
detail: we first investigate the average, {static} force-extension relation by
considering the initially present undulated configuration that is pulled
straight under a tensile force, and compare this result with the average
response in which undulation dynamics is allowed during pulling, as derived
earlier by MacKintosh and coworkers. We will show that the resulting mechanical
behavior is rather similar, but with the axial stiffness being a factor 2 to 4
larger in the dynamic model. Furthermore, we study the stretching contribution
in case of extensible filaments and show that, for 2D filaments, the mechanical
response is dominated by {enthalpic} stretching. Based on the single-filament
mechanics, we develop a 2D analytical model describing the mechanical behavior
of biopolymer networks under simple shear, adopting the affine deformation
assumption. These results are compared with discrete, finite-element (FE)
calculations of a network consisting of semiflexible filaments. The FE
calculations show that local, nonaffine filament reorientations occur that
induce a transition from a bending-dominated response at small strains to a
stretching-dominated response at larger strains. Stiffening in biopolymer
networks thus results from a combination of stiffening in individual filaments
and changes in the network topography.


title:
Classical mechanics of dipolar asymmetric top molecules in collinear
  static electric and nonresonant linearly polarized laser fields:
  energy-momentum diagrams, bifurcations and accessible configuration space

abstract:
  We study classical energy-momentum ($E$-$m$) diagrams for rotational motion
of dipolar asymmetric top molecules in strong external fields. Static electric
fields, nonresonant linearly polarized laser fields, and collinear combinations
of the two are investigated. We treat specifically the molecules iodobenzene (a
nearly prolate asymmetric top), pyridazine (nearly oblate asymmetric top), and
iodopentafluorobenzene (intermediate case). The location of relative equilibria
in the $E$-$m$ plane and associated bifurcations are determined by
straightforward calculation, with analytical results given where possible. In
cases where analytical solutions cannot be obtained, we resort to numerical
solutions, while keeping a geometrical picture of the nature of the solutions
to the fore. The classification we obtain of the topology of classically
allowed rotor configuration space regions in the $E$-$m$ diagram is of
potential use in characterization of energy eigenstates of the corresponding
quantum mechanical problem.


title:
Steric effects in the dynamics of electrolytes at large applied
  voltages: II. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations

abstract:
  In situations involving large potentials or surface charges, the Poisson
Boltzman(PB) equation has shortcomings because it neglects ion-ion interactions
and steric effects. This has been widely recognized by the electrochemistry
community, leading to the development of various alternative models resulting
in different sets "modified PB equations", which have had at least qualitative
success in predicting equilibrium ion distributions. On the other hand, the
literature is scarce in terms of descriptions of concentration dynamics in
these regimes. Here, adapting strategies developed to modify the PB equation,
we propose a simple modification of the widely used Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP)
equations for ionic transport, which at least qualitatively accounts for steric
effects. We analyze numerical solutions of these MPNP equations on the model
problem of the charging of a simple electrolyte cell, and compare the outcome
to that of the standard PNP equations. Finally, we repeat the asymptotic
analysis of Bazant, Thornton, and Ajdari(2004} for this new system of equations
to further document the interest and limits of validity of the simpler
equivalent electrical circuit models introduced in Part I for such problems.


title: Phase retrieval and saddle-point optimization

abstract:
  Iterative algorithms with feedback are amongst the most powerful and
versatile optimization methods for phase retrieval. Among these, the hybrid
input-output algorithm has demonstrated practical solutions to giga-element
nonlinear phase retrieval problems, escaping local minima and producing images
at resolutions beyond the capabilities of lens-based optical methods. Here, the
input-output iteration is improved by a lower dimensional subspace saddle-point
optimization.


title: Explanation of Displacement Current in a Vacuum

abstract:
  It is considered that the time derivative of the electric intensity in the
Maxwell-Ampere law (displacement current) denotes that a change of electric
field generates a magnetic field. This paper shows that there is no reason to
think a change of electric field generates a magnetic field and the
displacement current term has a different meaning. It is necessary to be aware
of distant conductors and their magnetic fields.


title:
Cooling of a micro-mechanical oscillator using radiation pressure
  induced dynamical back-action

abstract:
  Cooling of a 58 MHz micro-mechanical resonator from room temperature to 11 K
is demonstrated using cavity enhanced radiation pressure. Detuned pumping of an
optical resonance allows enhancement of the blue shifted motional sideband
(caused by the oscillator's Brownian motion) with respect to the red-shifted
sideband leading to cooling of the mechanical oscillator mode. The reported
cooling mechanism is a manifestation of the effect of radiation pressure
induced dynamical backaction. These results constitute an important step
towards achieving ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator.


title: Fluctuation studies and energy reconstruction in a segmented calorimeter

abstract:
  In order to better understand energy estimation of electromagnetic showers in
segmented calorimeters, detailed Geant4 simulation studies of electromagnetic
showers in the energy range 1--100 GeV in CsI have been performed. When sampled
in layers of 1.99 cm thickness, corresponding to 1.08 radiation lengths, the
energy fluctuations in the samples show distributions that vary significantly
with depth. The energy distributions are similar for incident electrons and
photons and were found to change systematically along the shower, varying
little with the initial energy. Three probability distributions have been
fitted to the data: negative binomial, log-normal and Gaussian distributions,
none of which gives a good fit over the full shower length. The obtained
parameterizations might be useful in the use of the maximum likelihood method
for estimating the energy. Two methods for estimating the energy have also been
studied. One method is based on fitting individual longitudinal shower profiles
with a $\Gamma$-function, the other one corrects the measured energy for
leakage by utilizing the energy deposited in the last layer. Our simulations
indicate that the last-layer correction method applied to photons and electrons
of 1 and 10 GeV gives about a factor of 2 improvement in the energy resolution.


title:
Interaction-induced crossover versus finite-size condensation in a
  weakly interacting trapped one-dimensional Bose gas

abstract:
  We discuss the transition from a fully decoherent to a (quasi-)condensate
regime in a harmonically trapped weakly interacting 1D Bose gas. By using
analytic approaches and verifying them against exact numerical solutions, we
find a characteristic crossover temperature and crossover atom number that
depend on the interaction strength and the trap frequency. We then identify the
conditions for observing either an interaction-induced crossover scenario or
else a finite-size Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon characteristic of an
\textit{ideal} trapped 1D gas.


title: A New Model for the Collective Beam-Beam Interaction

abstract:
  The Collective Beam-Beam interaction is studied in the framework of maps with
a ``kick-lattice'' model in the 4-D phase space of the transverse motion. A
novel approach to the classical method of averaging is used to derive an
approximate map which is equivalent to a flow within the averaging
approximation. The flow equation is a continuous-time Vlasov equation which we
call the averaged Vlasov equation, the new model of this paper. The power of
this approach is evidenced by the fact that the averaged Vlasov equation has
exact equilibria and the associated linearized equations have uncoupled
azimuthal Fourier modes. The equation for the Fourier modes leads to a Fredholm
integral equation of the third kind and the setting is ready-made for the
development of a weakly nonlinear theory to study the coupling of the pi and
sigma modes. The pi and sigma eigenmodes are calculated from the third kind
integral equation. These results are compared with the kick-lattice model using
our weighted macroparticle tracking code and a newly developed, density
tracking, parallel, Perron-Frobenius code.


title: On Variational Micro-Macro Models and their Application to Polycrystals

abstract:
  Some variational micro-macro models are briefly reviewed: it is shown how,
starting from the Taylor model and passing through the relaxed Taylor model, a
consistent intermediate between Taylor's upper bound and the lower bound (Sachs
or rather "static") model was obtained. This intermediate or "inhomogeneous"
variational model (indeed, it generally predicts both strain and stress to be
inhomogeneous) could offer a general alternative to self-consistent models.
However, the implemented version was a rather empirical model (ARMINJON [1984])
with a less well-defined status. We present current progress in the
implementation of the correct version.


title: Ionic channels as electrostatic amplifiers of charge fluctuations

abstract:
  Electrostatic interaction between ions in an ionic channel and the charge
fluctuations in the channel mouth are considered. It is shown that the charge
fluctuations can be enhanced in the channels with low dielectric constant and
result in strong modulation of the potential barrier at the selectivity site.
The effect of charge fluctuational on transition probabilities in other
molecular dynamical systems is briefly discussed.


title:
Low-energy effects in brane worlds: Liennard-Wiechert potentials and
  Hydrogen Lamb shift

abstract:
  Testing extra dimensions at low-energies may lead to interesting effects. In
this work a test point charge is taken to move uniformly in the 3-dimensional
subspace of a (3+$n$)-brane embedded in a (3+$n$+1)-space with $n$ compact and
one warped infinite spatial extra dimensions. We found that the electromagnetic
potentials of the point charge match standard Liennard-Wiechert's at large
distances but differ from them close to it. These are finite at the position of
the charge and produce finite self-energies. We also studied a localized
Hydrogen atom and take the deviation from the standard Coulomb potential as a
perturbation. This produces a Lamb shift that is compared with known
experimental data to set bounds for the parameter of the model. This work
provides details and extends results reported in a previous Letter.


title: Optical Cloaking with Non-Magnetic Metamaterials

abstract:
  Artificially structured metamaterials have enabled unprecedented flexibility
in manipulating electromagnetic waves and producing new functionalities,
including the cloak of invisibility based on coordinate transformation. Here we
present the design of a non-magnetic cloak operating at optical frequencies.
The principle and structure of the proposed cylindrical cloak are analyzed, and
the general recipe for the implementation of such a device is provided. The
cloaking performance is verified using full-wave finite-element simulations.


title: An Efficient Algorithm for Solving the Phase Field Crystal Model

abstract:
  We present and discuss the development of an unconditionally stable algorithm
used to solve the evolution equations of the Phase Field Crystal (PFC) model.
This algorithm allows for an arbitrarily large algorithmic time step. As the
basis for our analysis of the accuracy of this algorithm, we determine an
effective time step in Fourier space. We then compare our calculations with a
set of representative numerical results, and demonstrate that this algorithm is
an effective approach for the study of the PFC models, yielding a time step
effectively 180 times larger than the Euler algorithm for a representative set
of material parameters. As the PFC model is just a simple example of a wide
class of density functional theories, we expect this method will have wide
applicability to modeling systems of considerable interest to the materials
modeling communities.


title: Efficient Response to Cascading Disaster Spreading

abstract:
  We study the effectiveness of recovery strategies for a dynamic model of
failure spreading in networks. These strategies control the distribution of
resources based on information about the current network state and network
topology. In order to assess their success, we have performed a series of
simulation experiments. The considered parameters of these experiments are the
network topology, the response time delay and the overall disposition of
resources. Our investigations are focused on the comparison of strategies for
different scenarios and the determination of the most appropriate strategy. The
importance of prompt response and the minimum sufficient quantity of resources
are discussed as well.


title: Basic kinetic wealth-exchange models: common features and open problems

abstract:
  We review the basic kinetic wealth-exchange models of Angle [J. Angle, Social
Forces 65 (1986) 293; J. Math. Sociol. 26 (2002) 217], Bennati [E. Bennati,
Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali 35 (1988) 735],
Chakraborti and Chakrabarti [A. Chakraborti, B. K. Chakrabarti, Eur. Phys. J. B
17 (2000) 167], and of Dragulescu and Yakovenko [A. Dragulescu, V. M.
Yakovenko, Eur. Phys. J. B 17 (2000) 723]. Analytical fitting forms for the
equilibrium wealth distributions are proposed. The influence of heterogeneity
is investigated, the appearance of the fat tail in the wealth distribution and
the relaxation to equilibrium are discussed. A unified reformulation of the
models considered is suggested.


title: Optical Magnetometry

abstract:
  Some of the most sensitive methods of measuring magnetic fields utilize
interactions of resonant light with atomic vapor. Recent developments in this
vibrant field are improving magnetometers in many traditional areas such as
measurement of geomagnetic anomalies and magnetic fields in space, and are
opening the door to new ones, including, dynamical measurements of bio-magnetic
fields, detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic-resonance
imaging (MRI), inertial-rotation sensing, magnetic microscopy with cold atoms,
and tests of fundamental symmetries of Nature.


title: Correlations between structure and dynamics in complex networks

abstract:
  Previous efforts in complex networks research focused mainly on the
topological features of such networks, but now also encompass the dynamics. In
this Letter we discuss the relationship between structure and dynamics, with an
emphasis on identifying whether a topological hub, i.e. a node with high degree
or strength, is also a dynamical hub, i.e. a node with high activity. We employ
random walk dynamics and establish the necessary conditions for a network to be
topologically and dynamically fully correlated, with topological hubs that are
also highly active. Zipf's law is then shown to be a reflection of the match
between structure and dynamics in a fully correlated network, as well as a
consequence of the rich-get-richer evolution inherent in scale-free networks.
We also examine a number of real networks for correlations between topology and
dynamics and find that many of them are not fully correlated.


title: Nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation fot nanoscale heat and mass transport

abstract:
  In this paper nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation for heat and mass transport in
nanoscale was proposed and solved. It was shown that for ultra-short laser
pulses nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation is reduced to nonlinear d`Alembert
equation. The implicit solution of the d`Alembert equation for ultrashort laser
pulses was obtained Key words: nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, d`Alembert
equation, nanoscale transport


title: Coherent effects in crystal collimation

abstract:
  We present theory for coherent effects observed in crystal collimation
experiments that is in good quantitative agreement with RHIC and Tevatron data.
We show that coherent scattering in a bent crystal strongly amplifies beam
diffusion, with an effective radiation length shortened by orders of magnitude
compared to amorphous material. This coherent scattering could replace the
traditional amorphous scattering in accelerator collimation systems. We predict
that crystal collimation for negative particles can be as strong as for
positives, unlike with channeling effect. This opens a principle way for
efficient crystal steering of negative particles at accelerators. It can be
demonstrated with antiproton crystal collimation at the Tevatron. We predict
strong effects for the upcoming Tevatron experiment, for protons and
antiprotons.


title: Rubidium "whiskers" in a vapor cell

abstract:
  Crystals of metallic rubidium are observed ``growing'' from paraffin coating
of buffer-gas-free glass vapor cells. The crystals have uniform square
cross-section, $\approx 30 \mu$m on the side, and reach several mm in length.


title:
Realistic boundary conditions for stochastic simulations of
  reaction-diffusion processes

abstract:
  Many cellular and subcellular biological processes can be described in terms
of diffusing and chemically reacting species (e.g. enzymes). Such
reaction-diffusion processes can be mathematically modelled using either
deterministic partial-differential equations or stochastic simulation
algorithms. The latter provide a more detailed and precise picture, and several
stochastic simulation algorithms have been proposed in recent years. Such
models typically give the same description of the reaction-diffusion processes
far from the boundary of the simulated domain, but the behaviour close to a
reactive boundary (e.g. a membrane with receptors) is unfortunately
model-dependent. In this paper, we study four different approaches to
stochastic modelling of reaction-diffusion problems and show the correct choice
of the boundary condition for each model. The reactive boundary is treated as
partially reflective, which means that some molecules hitting the boundary are
adsorbed (e.g. bound to the receptor) and some molecules are reflected. The
probability that the molecule is adsorbed rather than reflected depends on the
reactivity of the boundary (e.g. on the rate constant of the adsorbing chemical
reaction and on the number of available receptors), and on the stochastic model
used. This dependence is derived for each model.


title: What is the time scale of random sequential adsorption?

abstract:
  A simple multiscale approach to the diffusion-driven adsorption from a
solution to a solid surface is presented. The model combines two important
features of the adsorption process: (i) the kinetics of the chemical reaction
between adsorbing molecules and the surface; and (ii) geometrical constraints
on the surface made by molecules which are already adsorbed. The process (i) is
modelled in a diffusion-driven context, i.e. the conditional probability of
adsorbing a molecule provided that the molecule hits the surface is related to
the macroscopic surface reaction rate. The geometrical constraint (ii) is
modelled using random sequential adsorption (RSA), which is the sequential
addition of molecules at random positions on a surface; one attempt to attach a
molecule is made per one RSA simulation time step. By coupling RSA with the
diffusion of molecules in the solution above the surface the RSA simulation
time step is related to the real physical time. The method is illustrated on a
model of chemisorption of reactive polymers to a virus surface.


title:
Insufficiencies of the 20-TH Century Theories and their Negative
  Environmental Implications

abstract:
  Following a courageous denunciation by Barton Richter in {\it Physics Today,}
November 2006, of contemporary particle physics as being "theological
speculations," we present insufficiencies of special relativity, quantum
mechanics, superconductivity, chemistry, standard model, gravitation and
astrophysics for conditions beyond those of their original conception.


title: Towards the electron EDM search: Theoretical study of HfF+

abstract:
  We report first ab initio relativistic correlation calculations of potential
curves for ten low-lying electronic states, effective electric field on the
electron and hyperfine constants for the ^3\Delta_1 state of cation of a heavy
transition metal fluoride, HfF^+, that is suggested to be used as the working
state in experiments to search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.
It is shown that HfF^+ has deeply bound ^1\Sigma^+ ground state, its
dissociation energy is D_e=6.4 eV. The ^3\Delta_1 state is obtained to be the
relatively long-lived first excited state lying about 0.2 eV higher. The
calculated effective electric field E_eff=W_d|\Omega| acting on an electron in
this state is 5.84*10^{24}Hz/(e*cm)


title:
Time-resolved Fourier transform intracavity spectroscopy with a
  Cr2+:ZnSe laser

abstract:
  Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) with an evacuated Cr2+:
ZnSe laser is performed with a high-resolution time-resolved Fourier transform
interferometer with a minimum detectable absorption coefficient equal to 4 10-9
cm-1 Hz-1/2 in the 2.5$\mu$m region. This represents the extreme limit
presently reached in the infrared by ICLAS with Doppler limited resolution. The
broad gain band of the crystal allows a spectral coverage at most equal to 125
nm, wide enough to see entire vibration bands. Weak CO2 bands observed up to
now only in the Venus atmosphere are recorded for the first time in a
laboratory. H2O detection limit down to 0.9 ppbv is also demonstrated.


abstract:
  Highly dispersive photonic band-gap-edge optofluidic biosensors are studied
theoretically. We demonstrate that these structures are strongly sensitive to
the refractive index of the liquid, which is used to tune dispersion of the
photonic crystal. The upper frequency band-gap edge shifts about 1.8 nm for
dn=0.002, which is quite sensitive. Results from transmission spectra agree
well with those obtained from the band structure theory.


title: The Gouy phase shift in nonlinear interactions of waves

abstract:
  We theoretically analyze the influence of the Gouy phase shift on the
nonlinear interaction between waves of different frequencies. We focus on
$\chi^{(2)}$ interaction of optical fields, e.g. through birefringent crystals,
and show that focussing, stronger than suggested by the Boyd-Kleinman factor,
can further improve nonlinear processes. An increased value of 3.32 for the
optimal focussing parameter for a single pass process is found. The new value
builds on the compensation of the Gouy phase shift by a spatially varying,
instead constant, wave vector phase mismatch. We analyze the single-ended,
singly resonant standing wave nonlinear cavity and show that in this case the
Gouy phase shift leads to an additional phase during backreflection. Our
numerical simulations may explain ill-understood experimental observations in
such devices.


title: Rotational Excitation of HC_3N by H_2 and He at low temperatures

abstract:
  Rates for rotational excitation of HC3N by collisions with He atoms and H2
molecules are computed for kinetic temperatures in the range 5-20K and 5-100K,
respectively. These rates are obtained from extensive quantum and
quasi-classical calculations using new accurate potential energy surfaces
(PES).


title: Comparison of Methods for Characterizing Sound Absorbing Materials

abstract:
  Sound absorbing materials are usually defined by five parameters: open
porosity, static airflow resistivity, tortuosity, and two characteristic
lengths. In recent decades, different methods have been developed in order to
characterize these parameters. These methods may be divided following three
approaches: i) inverse, ii) indirect and iii) direct. The inverse approach is
based on an optimisation problem where the material parameters are adjusted in
the acoustic model to reproduce acoustical measurements. The indirect approach
is based on the acoustical model from which analytical expressions linking the
material parameters to acoustical measurements are derived. Contrary to the
previous two approaches, the direct approach is not based on acoustical
measurements. It is based on the physical and mathematical definition of the
parameters and requires dedicated equipments. In this study, the five
parameters have been measured for different porous materials using some direct,
indirect and inverse methods. A comparison of the different results is carried
out, and shows that the different methods may yield large variability in the
found parameters. A discussion is given to explain the observed variability and
the limitations of the methods.


title:
Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire
  single-photon detectors

abstract:
  We investigate the source of large variations in the observed detection
effiiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many
nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements,
we infer that these variations arise from "constrictions:" highly localized
regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for
superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the DC bias
current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the
wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values
that occur in these devices only when they are biased near the critical current
density.


title:
Autonomous detection and anticipation of jam fronts from messages
  propagated by inter-vehicle communication

abstract:
  In this paper, a minimalist, completely distributed freeway traffic
information system is introduced. It involves an autonomous, vehicle-based jam
front detection, the information transmission via inter-vehicle communication,
and the forecast of the spatial position of jam fronts by reconstructing the
spatiotemporal traffic situation based on the transmitted information. The
whole system is simulated with an integrated traffic simulator, that is based
on a realistic microscopic traffic model for longitudinal movements and lane
changes. The function of its communication module has been explicitly validated
by comparing the simulation results with analytical calculations. By means of
simulations, we show that the algorithms for a congestion-front recognition,
message transmission, and processing predict reliably the existence and
position of jam fronts for vehicle equipment rates as low as 3%. A reliable
mode of operation already for small market penetrations is crucial for the
successful introduction of inter-vehicle communication. The short-term
prediction of jam fronts is not only useful for the driver, but is essential
for enhancing road safety and road capacity by intelligent adaptive cruise
control systems.


title:
Modeling the "rapid" part of the velocity/pressure-gradient correlation
  in inhomogeneous turbulent flows

abstract:
  A new model for the "rapid" part of the velocity/pressure-gradient
correlation in the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations is suggested. It
is shown that in an inhomogeneous incompressible turbulent flow, the model that
is linear in the Reynolds stresses should include two model coefficients. A
functional form of the coefficients is analyzed in some extreme turbulence
states. As demonstrated, the proposed model reduces to the standard linear
pressure-strain model in homogeneous turbulence and can satisfy realizability
conditions provided the coefficients are functions of the mean velocity
gradients and the Reynolds stresses. In an inhomogeneous turbulent flow,
coefficients should depend on parameters directly related to inhomogeneous
effects. The model is validated using direct numerical simulation data from two
flows: the plane wake and the plane mixing layer.


title: Relativistic calculations of pionic and kaonic atoms hyperfine structure

abstract:
  We present the relativistic calculation of the hyperfine structure in pionic
and kaonic atoms. A perturbation method has been applied to the Klein-Gordon
equation to take into account the relativistic corrections. The perturbation
operator has been obtained \textit{via} a multipole expansion of the nuclear
electromagnetic potential. The hyperfine structure of pionic and kaonic atoms
provide an additional term in the quantum electrodynamics calculation of the
energy transition of these systems. Such a correction is required for a recent
measurement of the pion mass.


title: Non-perturbative calculation of the two-loop Lamb shift in Li-like ions

abstract:
  A calculation valid to all orders in the nuclear-strength parameter is
presented for the two-loop Lamb shift, notably for the two-loop self-energy
correction, to the 2p-2s transition energies in heavy Li-like ions. The
calculation removes the largest theoretical uncertainty for these transitions
and yields the first experimental identification of two-loop QED effects in the
region of the strong binding field.


title: Two-loop QED corrections in few-electron ions

abstract:
  Results of a calculation valid to all orders in the nuclear-strength
parameter Z\alpha are presented for the two-loop Lamb shift, notably for the
two-loop self-energy correction, for the ground and first excited states of
ions with the nuclear charge numbers Z=60-100. A detailed comparison of the
all-order calculation with earlier investigations based on an expansion in the
parameter Z\alpha is given. The calculation removes the largest theoretical
uncertainty for the 2p_j-2s transition energies in heavy Li-like ions and is
important for interpretation of experimental data.


title: Charge, from EM fields only

abstract:
  Consider the electric field E about an electron. Its source has been thought
a substance called charge, enclosed within a small volume that defines the size
of the electron. Scattering experiments find no size at all. Charge is useful,
but mysterious. This study concludes that charge is not real. Useful, but not
real. Absent real charge, the electric field must look to a different source.
We know another electric field, vxB, not sourced by charge. A simple model of
the electron, using EM fields only, has been found that generates an electric
field vxB very like E. Gauss' law finds the model contains charge, but div vxB
cannot find the charge density. The model contains a permanent magnetic flux
quantum, configured as a dipole. The dipolar B fields spin around the symmetry
axis, accounting for angular momentum. Spin stabilizes the magnetic flux
quantum, and creates the vxB electric field. Stability in this model is
dynamic. Energy is exchanged between the dipolar magnetic moment and an
encircling toroidal displacement current, at the Compton frequency, mc^2/h =
1.24x10^20 Hz. The electric field undulates at this rate, instead of being
static like E associated with charge. Absent any real charge, we have to
abandon the notion that size of a charged particle is that of a small sack full
of charge. The only electric field is vxB, and its source is not charge. What
is the size of an electron? Coulomb scattering finds it point-like, but its
spinning B fields extend to infinity.


title: Cascade Training Technique for Particle Identification

abstract:
  The cascade training technique which was developed during our work on the
MiniBooNE particle identification has been found to be a very efficient way to
improve the selection performance, especially when very low background
contamination levels are desired. The detailed description of this technique is
presented here based on the MiniBooNE detector Monte Carlo simulations, using
both artifical neural networks and boosted decision trees as examples.


title: Community structure and ethnic preferences in school friendship networks

abstract:
  Recently developed concepts and techniques of analyzing complex systems
provide new insight into the structure of social networks. Uncovering recurrent
preferences and organizational principles in such networks is a key issue to
characterize them. We investigate school friendship networks from the Add
Health database. Applying threshold analysis, we find that the friendship
networks do not form a single connected component through mutual strong
nominations within a school, while under weaker conditions such
interconnectedness is present. We extract the networks of overlapping
communities at the schools (c-networks) and find that they are scale free and
disassortative in contrast to the direct friendship networks, which have an
exponential degree distribution and are assortative. Based on the network
analysis we study the ethnic preferences in friendship selection. The clique
percolation method we use reveals that when in minority, the students tend to
build more densely interconnected groups of friends. We also find an asymmetry
in the behavior of black minorities in a white majority as compared to that of
white minorities in a black majority.


title: Reproducibility of a Titanium Plasma Vacuum Spark Discharge

abstract:
  The results of an extensive operation of a Vacuum Spark plasma using Titanium
electrodes in a 120 ns 150 kA discharge are presented. The hot spots are found
to form with a regular spacing in a zippering Z-pinch plasma, which forms close
to the cathode and extends to approximately two thirds of the anode separation
over a period of a few ns. The axis of the discharge is well defined by an
initial plasma from a Nd:YAG laser focussed onto the cathode electrode surface.
The statistics of the formation of the hot spots are given for the life of one
anode electrode. Between one and three hotspots form and the favored positions
are at 1.5 and 3.0 mm from the cathode and the strongest emission, as observed
in a filtered X-ray pinhole camera, comes from the hot spot closest to the
cathode. The emission spectra resolved between 50 and 350 \AA shows a wide
range of Ti ionization which allows the temperatures of the anode blow off
plasma, the Z-pinch and the hot spot plasma to be distinguished. These results
are compared with filtered PIN diode signals and filtered pinhole images.


title:
Scintillation reduction by use of multiple Gaussian laser beams with
  different wavelengths

abstract:
  We study the scintillation index of N partially overlapping collimated lowest
order Gaussian laser beams with different wavelengths in weak atmospheric
turbulence. Using the Rytov approximation we calculate the initial beam
separation that minimizes the longitudinal scintillation. Further reduction of
the longitudinal scintillation is obtained by optimizing with respect to both
beam separation and spot size. The longitudinal scintillation of the optimal
N-beam configurations is inversely proportional to N, resulting in a 92%
reduction for a 9-beam system compared with the single beam value. The radial
scintillation values for the optimal N-beam configurations are significantly
smaller than the corresponding single beam values.


title: Mass and charge transport in micro and nano-fluidic channels

abstract:
  We consider laminar flow of incompressible electrolytes in long, straight
channels driven by pressure and electro-osmosis. We use a Hilbert space
eigenfunction expansion to address the general problem of an arbitrary cross
section and obtain general results in linear-response theory for the mass and
charge transport coefficients which satisfy Onsager relations. In the limit of
non-overlapping Debye layers the transport coefficients are simply expressed in
terms of parameters of the electrolyte as well as the hydraulic radius R=2A/P
with A and P being the cross-sectional area and perimeter, respectively. In
articular, we consider the limits of thin non-overlapping as well as strongly
overlapping Debye layers, respectively, and calculate the corrections to the
hydraulic resistance due to electro-hydrodynamic interactions.


title: Radiation Hardness of CCD Vertex Detectors for the ILC

abstract:
  Results of detailed simulations of the charge transfer inefficiency of a
prototype CCD chip are reported. The effect of radiation damage in a particle
detector operating at a future accelerator is studied by examining two electron
trap levels, 0.17 eV and 0.44 eV below the bottom of the conduction band. Good
agreement is found between simulations using the ISE-TCAD DESSIS program and an
analytical model for the 0.17 eV level. Optimum operation is predicted to be at
about 250 K where the effect of the traps is minimal which is approximately
independent of readout frequency. This work has been carried out within the
Linear Collider Flavour Identification (LCFI) collaboration in the context of
the International Linear Collider (ILC) project.


title:
Bolometric calibration of a superfluid $^3$He detector for Dark Matter
  search: direct measurement of the scintillated energy fraction for neutron,
  electron and muon events

abstract:
  We report on the calibration of a superfluid $^3$He bolometer developed for
the search of non-baryonic Dark Matter. Precise thermometry is achieved by the
direct measurement of thermal excitations using Vibrating Wire Resonators
(VWRs). The heating pulses for calibration were produced by the direct quantum
process of quasiparticle generation by other VWRs present. The bolometric
calibration factor is analyzed as a function of temperature and excitation
level of the sensing VWR. The calibration is compared to bolometric
measurements of the nuclear neutron capture reaction and heat depositions by
cosmic muons and low energy electrons. The comparison allows a quantitative
estimation of the ultra-violet scintillation rate of irradiated helium,
demonstrating the possibility of efficient electron recoil event rejection.


title:
Thomson scattering from near-solid density plasmas using soft x-ray free
  electron lasers

abstract:
  We propose a collective Thomson scattering experiment at the VUV free
electron laser facility at DESY (FLASH) which aims to diagnose warm dense
matter at near-solid density. The plasma region of interest marks the
transition from an ideal plasma to a correlated and degenerate many-particle
system and is of current interest, e.g. in ICF experiments or laboratory
astrophysics. Plasma diagnostic of such plasmas is a longstanding issue. The
collective electron plasma mode (plasmon) is revealed in a pump-probe
scattering experiment using the high-brilliant radiation to probe the plasma.
The distinctive scattering features allow to infer basic plasma properties. For
plasmas in thermal equilibrium the electron density and temperature is
determined from scattering off the plasmon mode.


title:
The structure of shock waves as a test of Brenner's modifications to the
  Navier-Stokes equations

abstract:
  Brenner has recently proposed modifications to the Navier-Stokes equations
that are based on theoretical arguments but supported only by experiments
having a fairly limited range. These modifications relate to a diffusion of
fluid volume that would be significant for flows with high density gradients.
So the viscous structure of shock waves in gases should provide an excellent
test case for this new model. In this paper we detail the shock structure
problem and propose exponents for the gas viscosity-temperature relation based
on empirical viscosity data that is independent of shock experiments. We then
simulate shocks in the range Mach 1.0-12.0 using the Navier-Stokes equations,
both with and without Brenner's modifications. Initial simulations showed
Brenner's modifications display unphysical behaviour when the coefficient of
volume diffusion exceeds the kinematic viscosity. Our subsequent analyses
attribute this behaviour to both an instability to temporal disturbances and a
spurious phase velocity-frequency relationship. On equating the volume
diffusivity to the kinematic viscosity, however, we find the results with
Brenner's modifications are significantly better than those of the standard
Navier-Stokes equations, and broadly similar to those from the family of
extended hydrodynamic models that includes the Burnett equations. Brenner's
modifications add only two terms to the Navier-Stokes equations, and the
numerical implementation is much simpler than conventional extended
hydrodynamic models, particularly in respect of boundary conditions. We
recommend further investigation and testing on a number of different benchmark
non-equilibrium flow cases.


title:
A numerical trip to social psychology: long-living states of cognitive
  dissonance

abstract:
  The Heider theory of cognitive dissonance in social groups, formulated
recently in terms of differential equations, is generalized here for the case
of asymmetric interpersonal ties. The space of initial states is penetrated by
starting the time evolution several times with random initial conditions.
Numerical results show the fat-tailed distribution of the time when the
dissonance is removed. For small groups (N=3) we found some characteristic
patterns of the long-living states. There, mutual relations of one of the pairs
differ in sign.


title:
The Didactical Relevance of the Pauli Pascal Triangle (Die didaktische
  Relevanz des Pauli-Pascal-Dreiecks)

abstract:
  In high school physics and physics at university level anti-commutative and
non-commutative quantities play an outstanding role at the theoretical
description of physical relations. But while using commutative quantities, the
basic formal relations of mathematical physics are introduced clearly and
step-by-step, a similar clear presentation of non-commuatative relations with
didactical sensible examples is lacking. On the basis of a q-analog of the
Pascal triangle (sometimes called quantum Pascal triangle) this paper discusses
whether a less abstract introduction into non-commutative relations is
possible. The didactical relevance of this approach is analysed. In an
attachment all three triangles of the Pauli Pascal plane are presented.


title:
Nuclear Track Detectors for Environmental Studies and Radiation
  Monitoring

abstract:
  Several improvements were made for Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) used for
environmental studies and for particle searches. A new method was used to
determine the bulk etch rate of CR39 and Makrofol NTDs. It is based on the
simultaneous measurement of the diameter and of the height of etch-pit cones
caused by relativistic heavy ions (158 A GeV Pb(82+) and In(49+) ions) and
their fragments. The use of alcohol in the etching solution improves the
surface quality of NTDs and it raises their thresholds. The detectors were used
for the determination of nuclear fragmentation cross sections of Iron and
Silicon ions of 1.0 and 0.41 GeV/nucleon. These measurements are important for
the determination of doses in hadron therapy and for doses received by
astronauts. The detectors were also used in the search of massive particles in
the cosmic radiation, for the determination of the mass spectrum of cosmic rays
and for the evaluation of Po(210) alpha decay and of natural radon
concentrations.


title: Seismotectonics of Bosnia - Overview

abstract:
  Seismotectonics of Bosnia seems to follow the Mediterranean marine regime.
Earthquakes occur mostly in the outer Dinaric Alps (southern Bosnia), while the
strongest earthquakes occur within the Sarajevo Fault system in southern and
northwestern Bosnia. In addition to active tectonics being strong, crustal
earthquakes occur often as well. Due to rich hydrogeology, crustal loading such
as by snow and rain, or reservoir inundation, represents the most important
secondary seismogenic source in the region. Despite its exquisite and active
geomorphology no comprehensive and reliable geodynamical studies exist on the
region. Seismic sensors coverage is extremely poor also. One centenary
analogue, and a few recently installed digital seismometers are insufficient
for a region that exhibits mild to high seismic activity. Significant
investments are needed in order for GPS, seismic and other sensor instrumented
networks to be put in place or enhanced. Technical personnel needs to be
educated to enable support provide for studies that are done within broader
scientific activities. Such efforts that presently seek to include Bosnia under
their scope are ESF COST Action 625, NATO Stability Pact DPPI program, and
EUREF CERGOP geophysics projects.


title:
Dipole-dipole instability of atom clouds in a far-detuned optical dipole
  trap

abstract:
  The effect of the dipole-dipole interaction on the far-off-resonance optical
dipole trapping scheme is calculated by a mean-field approach. The trapping
laser field polarizes the atoms and the accompanying dipole-dipole energy shift
deepens the attractive potential minimum in a pancake-shaped cloud. At high
density the thermal motion cannot stabilize the gas against self-contraction
and an instability occurs. We calculate the boundary of the stable and unstable
equilibrium regions on a two-dimensional phase diagram of the atom number and
the ratio of the trap depth to the temperature. We discuss the limitations
imposed by the dipole-dipole instability on the parameters needed to reach
Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical dipole trap.


title:
Forecasting extreme events in collective dynamics: an analytic signal
  approach to detecting discrete scale invariance

abstract:
  A challenging problem in physics concerns the possibility of forecasting rare
but extreme phenomena such as large earthquakes, financial market crashes, and
material rupture. A promising line of research involves the early detection of
precursory log-periodic oscillations to help forecast extreme events in
collective phenomena where discrete scale invariance plays an important role.
Here I investigate two distinct approaches towards the general problem of how
to detect log-periodic oscillations in arbitrary time series without prior
knowledge of the location of the moveable singularity. I first show that the
problem has a definite solution in Fourier space, however the technique
involved requires an unrealistically large signal to noise ratio. I then show
that the quadrature signal obtained via analytic continuation onto the
imaginary axis, using the Hilbert transform, necessarily retains the
log-periodicities found in the original signal. This finding allows the
development of a new method of detecting log-periodic oscillations that relies
on calculation of the instantaneous phase of the analytic signal. I illustrate
the method by applying it to the well documented stock market crash of 1987.
Finally, I discuss the relevance of these findings for parametric rather than
nonparametric estimation of critical times.


title:
Comment on "Long-period astronomical forcing of mammal turnover" by van
  Dam et al., Nature 443:687-691

abstract:
  Van Dam et al. (2006) claimed 2.4 to 2.5 and 1.0 Myr turnover cycles in a
Spanish rodent lineages record. However, the record variance spectrum, which is
missing in ibid., shows that the varying reliability and multiple alterations
of raw (gapped and unaltered) data by ibid. unnaturally boosted the 2.5 and 1.0
Myr noise cycles to the 99% confidence level, while failing to recognize a
third such so called 99% significant noise period, of 0.55 Myr at 5.3 var%.
Thus at least one claimed period (of 1.0 Myr) is a simple modulation of a
relatively stronger noise cycle (of 0.55 Myr) overlooked by ibid. All so called
99% significant periods reach mere 5 to 6% var levels which can be hardly
distinguished from noise: those periods fidelity is at staggering 1 to 2 orders
of magnitude below the usual signal to noise separation marker at 12.0.
Remarkably, at least ten noise periods got boosted to 95% confidence level, and
some five noise periods to near 95% confidence level, as well. Even the zero
padding of just 4% of data, as done by ibid., significantly suppresses (hence
unreported) the strongest 99% significant period, of 7.28 Myr at 7.5 var%.
Therefore, the periods claimed are due to strong noise reflection of some
intermediary. As hand waving cyclic cataclysm claims start to frequent
scientific journals, revision of editorial policies is called for on spectral
analyses of inherently gapped long records, and of records composed mostly of
natural data of significantly inconsistent reliability.


title: The SETI Paradox

abstract:
  Two opposing tendencies paradoxically coexist in terrestrial consciousness --
the insistent quest for intelligent signals from other civilizations and the
persistent aversion to any attempts to transmit such signals from Earth toward
probable fellow intelligent beings. If typical for our entire Universe, such
manifestations of intelligence would make the search for other civilizations
totally meaningless.


title:
Using time dependent citation rates (sales curves) for comparing
  scientific impacts

abstract:
  As a simple means for comparing and - if possible - predicting scientific
impacts of different researchers working in the same field, we suggest
comparing their "sales curves". A sales curve is the number of citations of the
researcher's papers per year, the citation rate, considered as a function of
time. As examples, we present the citation histories of 10 older well-cited
scientists working in the same field. The sales curve is found to be highly
individual, that is, there is a large variation between different scientists'
sales curves. For each well-cited scientist, however, the sales curve is
steadily increasing as long as he is young and active, and its slope, the
citation acceleration, contains the essential information about his impact. The
slope averaged over the time of activity of the scientist is roughly
independent of time and is a fairly age-independent measure of his scientific
impact. In physics and chemistry, well-cited active scientists have
time-averaged citation accelerations at the order of 10 citations per year^2 or
more. The normal citation acceleration is an order of magnitude smaller. We
also show the sales curves for three large research institutes whose sizes have
been fairly constant over the last 35 years. These sales curves are quite
linear and have slopes at the order of 1 citation per scientist per year^2.


title:
Strong Memory in Time Series of Human Magnetoencephalograms Can Identify
  Photosensitive Epilepsy

abstract:
  To discuss the salient role of the statistical memory effects in the human
brain functioning we have analyzed a set of stochastic memory quantifiers that
reflects the dynamical characteristics of neuromagnetic brain responses to a
flickering stimulus of different color combinations from a group of control
subjects which is contrasted with those from a patient with photosensitive
epilepsy (PSE). We have discovered the emergence of strong memory and the
accompanying transition to a regular and robust regime of chaotic behavior of
the signals in the separate areas for a patient with PSE. This finding most
likely identifies the regions of the location the protective mechanism in a
human organism against occurrence of PSE.


title:
Influence of unsymmetrical periodicity on extraordinary transmission
  through periodic arrays of subwavelength holes

abstract:
  Quadrate hole array is explored to study the influence of unsymmetrical
periodicity on extraordinary optical transmission through periodic arrays of
subwavelength holes. It is found that the transmission efficiency of light and
the ratio between transmission efficiencies of horizontal and vertical
polarized light can be continuously tuned by rotating the quadrate hole array.
We can calculate out the transmission spectra (including the heights and
locations of peaks) for any rotation angle $\theta$ with a simple theoretical
model.


title: Slow-light switching in nonlinear Bragg-grating coupler

abstract:
  We study propagation and switching of slow-light pulses in nonlinear couplers
with phase-shifted Bragg gratings. We demonstrate that power-controlled
nonlinear self-action of light can be used to compensate dispersion-induced
broadening of pulses through the formation of gap solitons, to control pulse
switching in the coupler, and to tune the propagation velocity.


title:
Low complexity method for large-scale self-consistent ab initio
  electronic-structure calculations without localization

abstract:
  A novel low complexity method to perform self-consistent electronic-structure
calculations using the Kohn-Sham formalism of density functional theory is
presented. Localization constraints are neither imposed nor required thereby
allowing direct comparison with conventional cubically scaling algorithms. The
method has, to date, the lowest complexity of any algorithm for an exact
calculation. A simple one-dimensional model system is used to thoroughly test
the numerical stability of the algorithm and results for a real physical system
are also given.


title: Physical model for vaporization

abstract:
  Based on two assumptions, the surface layer is flexible, and the internal
energy of the latent heat of vaporization is completely utilized by the atoms
for overcoming on the surface resistance of the liquid, the enthalpy of
vaporization was calculated for 45 elements. The theoretical values were tested
against experiments with positive result.


title: Multi-Channel SQUID System for MEG and Ultra-Low-Field MRI

abstract:
  A seven-channel system capable of performing both magnetoencephalography
(MEG) and ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) is described.
The system consists of seven second-order SQUID gradiometers with 37 mm
diameter and 60 mm baseline, having magnetic field resolution of 1.2-2.8
fT/rtHz. It also includes four sets of coils for 2-D Fourier imaging with
pre-polarization. The system's MEG performance was demonstrated by measurements
of auditory evoked response. The system was also used to obtain a multi-channel
2-D image of a whole human hand at the measurement field of 46 microtesla with
3 by 3 mm resolution.