title: The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD)

abstract:
  The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) completes the three layers of the
Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) to make an inner tracking system located inside
the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This additional fourth layer provides two
dimensional hit position and energy loss measurements for charged particles,
improving the extrapolation of TPC tracks through SVT hits. To match the high
multiplicity of central Au+Au collisions at RHIC the double sided silicon strip
technology was chosen which makes the SSD a half million channels detector.
Dedicated electronics have been designed for both readout and control. Also a
novel technique of bonding, the Tape Automated Bonding (TAB), was used to
fullfill the large number of bounds to be done. All aspects of the SSD are
shortly described here and test performances of produced detection modules as
well as simulated results on hit reconstruction are given.


title:
Entropy and Eschatology: A Comment on Kutrovatz's Paper "Heat Death in
  Ancient and Modern Thermodynamics"

abstract:
  Recent intriguing discussion of heat death by Kutrovatz is critically
examined. It is shown that there exists another way of answering the heat death
puzzle, already present in the ancient philosophical tradition. This
alternative route relies not only on the final duration of time (which has been
re-discovered in modern times), but also on the notion of observational
self-selection, which has received wide publicity in the last several decades
under the title of the anthropic principle(s). Although the questions Kutrovatz
raises are important and welcome, there are several errors in his treatment of
cosmology which marr his account of the entire topic. In addition, the nascent
discipline of physical eschatology holds promise of answering the basic
explanatory task concerning the future evolution of the universe without
appealing to metaphysics. This is a completely novel feature in the history of
science, in contradistinction to the historical examples discussed.


title:
Threadlike bundle of tubules running inside blood vessels: New
  anatomical structure

abstract:
  According to current anatomy, the arteries and veins do not have threadlike
structures running inside the vessels. Despite such prevailing knowledge here
we report on observation of a novel structure inside the blood vessels of rats
and rabbits, which is a semi-transparent elastic bundle of tubules whose
diameters are of 10$\mu$m order. This is a rediscovery of the Bong Han ducts1,2
which have not been confirmed because the observing method was not known. We
found a new procedure of observing the intra blood vessel ducts (IBVD) which
are too thin, fragile, and semi-transparent to be detected in ordinary surgical
operation. The method we contrived is to let blood be coagulated around the
IBVD so that they become thick and strong by intravenous injection of 10 per
cent dextrose solution at the vena femoralis. A piece of thickened IBVD sample
is treated with urokinase to remove blood clots and the thin thread of IBVD is
embedded inside of a string of fibrin


title: Method for Observing Intravascular BongHan Duct

abstract:
  A method for observing intra blood vessel ducts which are threadlike bundle
of tubules which form a part of the BongHan duct system. By injecting 10%
dextrose solution at a vena femoralis one makes the intravascular BongHan duct
thicker and stronger to be easily detectable after incision of vessels. The
duct is semi-transparent, soft and elastic, and composed of smaller tubules
whose diameters are of 10$\mu$m order, which is in agreement with BongHan
theory.


title:
Virial relations for the Dirac equation and their applications to
  calculations of H-like atoms

abstract:
  Virial relations for the Dirac equation in a central field and their
applications to calculations of H-like atoms are considered. It is demonstrated
that using these relations allows one to evaluate various average values for a
hydrogenlike atom. The corresponding relations for non-diagonal matrix elements
provide an effective method for analytical evaluations of infinite sums that
occur in calculations based on using the reduced Coulomb-Green function. In
particular, this method can be used for calculations of higher-order
corrections to the hyperfine splitting and to the g factor in hydrogenlike
atoms.


title:
The frequency spectrum of focused broadband pulses of electromagnetic
  radiation generated by polarization currents with superluminally rotating
  distribution patterns

abstract:
  We investigate the spectral features of the emission from a superluminal
polarization current whose distribution pattern rotates with an angular
frequency $\omega$ and oscillates with an incommensurate frequency $\Omega
>\omega$. This type of polarization current is found in recent practical
machines designed to investigate superluminal emission. Although all of the
processes involved are linear, we find that the broadband emission contains
frequencies that are higher than $\Omega$ by a factor of the order of
$(\Omega/\omega)^2$. This generation of frequencies {\it not} required for the
creation of the source stems from mathematically rigorous consequences of the
familiar classical expression for the retarded potential. The results suggest
practical applications for superluminal polarization currents as broad-band
radiofrequency and infrared sources.


title: Dense astrophysical plasmas

abstract:
  We briefly examine the properties of dense plasmas characteristic of the
atmospheres of neutron stars and of the interior of massive white dwarfs. These
astrophysical bodies are natural laboratories to study respectively the problem
of pressure ionization of hydrogen in a strong magnetic field and the
crystallization of the quantum one-component-plasma at finite temperature.


title: A Problem in Paleobiology

abstract:
  We present a stochastic model for the size of a taxon in paleobiology, in
which we allow for the evolution of new taxon members, and both individual and
catastrophic extinction events. The model uses ideas from the theory of birth
and death processes. Some general properties of the model are developed, and a
fuller discussion is given for specific distributions of the time between
catastrophic extinction events. Long tails in the taxon size distribution arise
naturally from the model.


title: Coherent backscattering of light by cold atoms: theory meets experiment

abstract:
  Coherent backscattering (CBS) of quasi-resonant light by cold atoms presents
some specific features due to the internal structure of the atomic scatterers.
We present the first quantitative comparison between the experimentally
observed CBS cones and Monte-Carlo calculations which take into account the
shape of the atomic cloud as well as the internal atomic structure.


title: Phase Synchronization in Temperature and Precipitation Records

abstract:
  We study phase synchronization between atmospheric variables such as daily
mean temperature and daily precipitation records. We find significant phase
synchronization between records of Oxford and Vienna as well as between the
records of precipitation and temperature in each city. To find the time delay
in the synchronization between the records we study the time lag phase
synchronization when the records are shifted by a variable time interval of
days. We also compare the results of the method with the classical
cross-correlation method and find that in certain cases the phase
synchronization yields more significant results.


title: On energy and momentum of an ultrarelativistic unstable system

abstract:
  We study an electron bunch together with its self-fields from the viewpoint
of basic dynamical quantities. This leads to a methodological discussion about
the definition of energy and momentum for fully electromagnetic systems and
about the relation between covariance of the energy-momentum pair and
stability. We show here that, in the case of unstable systems, there is no mean
to define, in a physically meaningful way, a total energy-momentum four-vector:
covariance of the energy-momentum pair follows from the stability of the system
and viceversa, as originally pointed out by Henry Poincare'.


title: Perfect and near perfect adaptation in a model of bacterial chemotaxis

abstract:
  The signaling apparatus mediating bacterial chemotaxis can adapt to a wide
range of persistent external stimuli. In many cases, the bacterial activity
returns to its pre-stimulus level exactly and this "perfect adaptability" is
robust against variations in various chemotaxis protein concentrations. We
model the bacterial chemotaxis signaling pathway, from ligand binding to CheY
phosphorylation. By solving the steady-state equations of the model
analytically, we derive a full set of conditions for the system to achieve
perfect adaptation. The conditions related to the phosphorylation part of the
pathway are discovered for the first time, while other conditions are
generalization of the ones found in previous works. Sensitivity of the perfect
adaptation is evaluated by perturbing these conditions. We find that, even in
the absence of some of the perfect adaptation conditions, adaptation can be
achieved with near perfect precision as a result of the separation of scales in
both chemotaxis protein concentrations and reaction rates, or specific
properties of the receptor distribution in different methylation states. Since
near perfect adaptation can be found in much larger regions of the parameter
space than that defined by the perfect adaptation conditions, their existence
is essential to understand robustness in bacterial chemotaxis.


title: GPM Draft Science Implementation Plan Ground Validation Chapter

abstract:
  The validation of NASA Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) satellite
precipitation products is important for their credibility and utility within
the larger community. This document defines GPM ground validation scientific
objectives and several programmatic components for meeting those objectives.
Multi-year, multi-sensor ground-based observation programs in a few locations
are proposed to generate local observation products and global error covariance
products. Focused measurement programs utilizing aircraft, ships, and
ground-based measurements would fill in geographic and scientific gaps not
addressed by the multi-year observing programs.


title:
Scanning the structure of ill-known spaces: Part 1. Founding principles
  about mathematical constitution of space

abstract:
  Necessary and sufficient conditions allowing a previously unknown space to be
explored through scanning operators are reexamined with respect to measure
theory. Generalized conceptions of distances and dimensionality evaluation are
proposed, together with their conditions of validity and range of application
to topological spaces. The existence of a Boolean lattice with fractal
properties originating from nonwellfounded properties of the empty set is
demonstrated. This lattice provides a substrate with both discrete and
continuous properties, from which existence of physical universes can be
proved, up to the function of conscious perception. Spacetime emerges as an
ordered sequence of mappings of closed 3-D Ponicare sections of a topological
4-space provided by the lattice. The possibility of existence of spaces with
fuzzy dimension or with adjoined parts with decreasing dimensions is raised,
together with possible tools for their study. The work provides the
introductory foundations supporting a new theory of space whose physical
predictions (suppressing the opposition of quantum and relativistic approaches)
and experimental proofs are presented in details in Parts 2 and 3 of the study.


title: Electronic Compensation Technique to Mitigate Nonlinear Phase Noise

abstract:
  Nonlinear phase noise, often called the Gordon-Mollenauer effect, can be
compensated electronically by subtracting from the received phase a correction
proportional to the received intensity. The optimal scaling factor is derived
analytically and found to be approximately equal to half of the ratio of mean
nonlinear phase noise and the mean received intensity. Using optimal
compensation, the standard deviation of residual phase noise is halved,
doubling the transmission distance in systems limited by nonlinear phase noise.


title: Saturation in heteronuclear photoassociation of 6Li7Li

abstract:
  We report heteronuclear photoassociation spectroscopy in a mixture of
magneto-optically trapped 6Li and 7Li. Hyperfine resolved spectra of the
vibrational level v=83 of the singlet state have been taken up to intensities
of 1000 W/cm^2. Saturation of the photoassociation rate has been observed for
two hyperfine transitions, which can be shown to be due to saturation of the
rate coefficient near the unitarity limit. Saturation intensities on the order
of 40 W/cm^2 can be determined.


title: Search for the Parity-Violating Effects between D- and L-alanine

abstract:
  The contribution of parity-violating effects to the phase transition of the
D-/L-alanine crystals was confirmed by 1H CRAMPS solid state NMR, DC-magnetic
susceptibilities and ultrasonic measurements. It was found that the spin
relaxation mechanism of alpha-H nucleus of D-alanine molecule is different from
L-alanine and the effect is stronger than that of L-alanine. In addition,
D-alanine undergoes a magnetic phase transition at a field of 1.0T, which is
confirmed by a peak-form ultrasonic attenuation curve. DC-magnetic
susceptibilities measurements of L-alanine also indicate abnormal magnetic
properties, which is accompanied by a step-form ultrasonic attenuation jump and
its mechanism seems different from that of D-alanine. The phase transition is
considered to act as a cooperating amplification mechanism of the P-odd effects
at the molecular level.


title: The standing wave model of the mesons and baryons

abstract:
  Only photons are needed to explain the masses of the pi(0), eta, Lambda,
Sigma(0), Xi(0), Omega(-), Lambda(c,+), Sigma(c,0), Xi(c,0), and Omega(c,0)
mesons and baryons. Only neutrinos are needed to explain the mass of the pi(+-)
mesons. Neutrinos and photons are needed to explain the masses of the K-mesons,
the neutron and D-mesons. Surprisingly the mass of the mu-meson can also be
explained by the oscillation energies and rest masses of a neutrino lattice.
  From the difference of the masses of the pi(+-) mesons and mu(+-) mesons
follows that the rest mass of the muon-neutrino is 47.5 milli-eV. From the
difference of the masses of the neutron and proton follows that the rest mass
of the electron-neutrino is 0.55 milli-eV. The potential of the weak force that
holds the lattices of the particles together can be determined with Born's
lattice theory. From the weak force follows automatically the existence of a
strong force between the sides of two lattices. The strong nuclear force is the
sum of the unsaturated weak forces at the sides of each lattice and is
therefore 10^6 times stronger than the weak force.


title: Further studies of GEM performance in dense noble gases

abstract:
  We further study the performance of single, double and triple Gas Electron
Multiplier (GEM) detectors in pure noble gases at high pressures, in the range
of 1-10 atm. We confirm that light noble gases, in particular He and its
mixtures with Kr, have the highest gain, reaching 10^6, and an unusual gain
dependence on pressure. Effects of the number of GEMs, GEM hole diameter and
pitch are investigated in detail. In He, avalanche-induced secondary
scintillations are observed at high gains, using the metal photocathode. These
results are relevant in the field of avalanche mechanism in noble gases and
X-ray, neutron and cryogenic particle detectors.


title: On the concept of "efficiency loophole" and rejection of local realism

abstract:
  In this paper I shall demonstrate that an analysis of the concept of
"efficiency loophole" leads to the conclusion that any type of charge carried
by and elementary particle must be distributed on the surface of a
non-spherical object. As a result I shall show that; for example, the
eletrostatic field of an electron as seen by an observer, must be in the form
of quantized superluminal pulses. Therefore, "efficiency loophole" cannot be
used in support of local realistic models. In view of the available
experimental results we conclude that a local realistic interpretation of
quantum mechanics has now been empirically refuted. However, it can be shown
that the inferred superluminal signals do not necessarily contradict the facts
of Lorentz transormations and only introduce a weak non-locality into the laws
of nature. For this reason we make a preliminary investigation about a possible
connection between quantum mechanics and non-spherical charge distributions. We
conclude that this idea deserves to be further investigated and its validity or
otherwise can be verified experimentally.


title: Polarized Photocathodes Make the Grade

abstract:
  Future linear colliders will require high levels of performance from their
electron sources. A group at SLAC has recently tested a structure that
substantially exceeds current collider polarized electron source pulse-profile
requirements.


title: Generation of High Quality Laser Accelerated Ion Beams

abstract:
  In order to achieve a high quality, i. e. monoergetic, intense ion beam, we
propose the use of a double layer target. The first layer, at the target front,
consists of high-Z atoms, while the second (rear) layer is a thin coating of
low-Z atoms. The high quality proton beams from the double layer target,
irradiated by an ultra-intense laser pulse, are demonstrated with three
dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations.


title: Three Dimensional Relativistic Electromagnetic Sub-cycle Solitons

abstract:
  Three dimensional (3D) relativistic electromagnetic sub-cycle solitons were
observed in 3D Particle-in-Cell simulations of an intense short laser pulse
propagation in an underdense plasma. Their structure resembles that of an
oscillating electric dipole with a poloidal electric field and a toroidal
magnetic field that oscillate in-phase with the electron density with frequency
below the Langmuir frequency. On the ion time scale the soliton undergoes a
Coulomb explosion of its core, resulting in ion acceleration, and then evolves
into a slowly expanding quasi-neutral cavity.


title: Universality

abstract:
  This article is an attempt for a new vision of the basics of Physics, and of
Relativity, in particular. A new generalized principle of inertia is proposed,
as an universal principle, based on universality of the conservation laws, not
depending on the metric geometry used. The second and the third principles of
Newton's mechanics are interpreted as logical consequences. The generalization
of the classical principle of relativity made by Einstein as the most basic
postulate in the Relativity is criticized as logically not well-founded. A new
theoretical scheme is proposed based on two basic principles:
  1.The principle of universality of the conservation laws, and
  2.The principle of the universal velocity.
  It is well- founded with examples of different fields of physics.
  Key words: Universality, New Insight in Physics


title:
The nature is simple in essence - on gravitation and electromagnetism
  unification

abstract:
  The proposed temporal fluctuations model attempt for a unitary vision on
gravity, electromagnetism and inertia. On obtain Newton law of gravitation and
Coulomb law by starting from simple principles. On obtain too the main results
of General Relativity Theory and Electromagnetism. One of the major points of
present work is to obtain unified potential, which allow a unitary description
of gravity and electromagnetism. As consequence, on obtain supplemental effects
responsible for conservation laws violation in certain closed systems. On
maintain the validity of conservation laws only if those systems are coupling
with vacuum. This fact can be used for energy production and/or transport. This
proposed model opening to quantum and nuclear physics, but those subjects will
be developed in a future work.
  Keywords: general relativity, gravitation, inertia, electromagnetism,
Biefild-Brown effect


title: Quantising general relativity using QED theory

abstract:
  We apply QED theory to quantum gravity and find it leads to general
relativity in the classical limit. We discuss the implications of the result
for the quantum-classical divide. This enables us to relate our result to
M-theory.


title: Statistical Inverse Problem

abstract:
  A fundamental problem of statistical data analysis, distribution density
estimation by experimental data, is considered. A new method with optimal
asymptotic behavior, the root density estimator, is developed. The method
proposed may be applied to its full extent to solve the statistical inverse
problem of quantum mechanics, namely, estimating the psi function on the basis
of the results of mutually complementing experiments.


title:
Harmonic generation by atoms in circularly polarized two-color laser
  fields with coplanar polarizations and commensurate frequencies

abstract:
  The generation of harmonics by atoms or ions in a two-color, coplanar field
configuration with commensurate frequencies is investigated through both, an
analytical calculation based on the Lewenstein model and the numerical ab
initio solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation of a
two-dimensional model ion. Through the analytical model, selection rules for
the harmonic orders in this field configuration, a generalized cut-off for the
harmonic spectra, and an integral expression for the harmonic dipole strength
is provided. The numerical results are employed to test the predictions of the
analytical model. The scaling of the cut-off as a function of both, one of the
laser intensities and frequency ratio $\eta$, as well as entire spectra for
different $\eta$ and laser intensities are presented and analyzed. The
theoretical cut-off is found to be an upper limit for the numerical results.
Other discrepancies between analytical model and numerical results are
clarified by taking into account the probabilities of the absorption processes
involved.


title: The New Cosmos

abstract:
  We review the broad status of cosmology and discuss a model of fluctuational
cosmology in which the universe is created in a phase transition like
phenomenon mimicking inflation, and which further consistently explains latest
observations like the ever expanding and accelerating feature.


title: DQE as quantum efficiency of imaging detectors

abstract:
  In this paper a general and unified treatment of the DQE is exposed, both in
the space-domain and in the frequency-domain. The meaning of the DQE as quantum
efficiency appears to be of paramount importance for a correct interpretation
of the physical parameters involved in its formulation and measurement. The
treatment in the frequency-domain turns out to be a direct extension of that in
the space-domain. An operational procedure is introduced to consider the effect
of the filtering of the detector in the space-domain.


title: Random walk through fractal environments

abstract:
  We analyze random walk through fractal environments, embedded in
3-dimensional, permeable space. Particles travel freely and are scattered off
into random directions when they hit the fractal. The statistical distribution
of the flight increments (i.e. of the displacements between two consecutive
hittings) is analytically derived from a common, practical definition of
fractal dimension, and it turns out to approximate quite well a power-law in
the case where the dimension D of the fractal is less than 2, there is though
always a finite rate of unaffected escape. Random walks through fractal sets
with D less or equal 2 can thus be considered as defective Levy walks. The
distribution of jump increments for D > 2 is decaying exponentially. The
diffusive behavior of the random walk is analyzed in the frame of continuous
time random walk, which we generalize to include the case of defective
distributions of walk-increments. It is shown that the particles undergo
anomalous, enhanced diffusion for D_F < 2, the diffusion is dominated by the
finite escape rate. Diffusion for D_F > 2 is normal for large times, enhanced
though for small and intermediate times. In particular, it follows that
fractals generated by a particular class of self-organized criticality (SOC)
models give rise to enhanced diffusion. The analytical results are illustrated
by Monte-Carlo simulations.


title:
From Wormholes to the Warp Drive: Using theoretical physics to place
  ultimate bounds on technology

abstract:
  The serious study of such science fiction staples as wormholes, time travel,
and the warp drive, as a means of understanding and constraining possible
realistic solutions within General Relativity is reviewed.


title:
Atmospheric Gravity Perturbations Measured by Ground-Based
  Interferometer with Suspended Mirrors

abstract:
  A possibility of geophysical measurements using the large scale laser
interferometrical gravitational wave antenna is discussed. An interferometer
with suspended mirrors can be used as a gradiometer measuring variations of an
angle between gravity force vectors acting on the spatially separated
suspensions. We analyze restrictions imposed by the atmospheric noises on
feasibility of such measurements. Two models of the atmosphere are invoked: a
quiet atmosphere with a hydrostatic coupling of pressure and density and a
dynamic model of moving region of the density anomaly (cyclone). Both models
lead to similar conclusions up to numerical factors. Besides the hydrostatic
approximation, we use a model of turbulent atmosphere with the pressure
fluctuation spectrum f^{-7/3} to explore the Newtonian noise in a higher
frequency domain (up to 10 Hz) predicting the gravitational noise background
for modern gravitational wave detectors. Our estimates show that this could
pose a serious problem for realization of such projects. Finally, angular
fluctuations of spatially separated pendula are investigated via computer
simulation for some realistic atmospheric data giving the level estimate
10^{-11} rad/sqrt(Hz) at frequency 10^{-4} Hz. This looks promising for the
possibility of the measurement of weak gravity effects such as Earth inner core
oscillations.


title:
Position-Sensitive Detector with Depth-of-Interaction Determination for
  Small Animal PET

abstract:
  Crystal arrays made of LSO and LuAP crystals 2x2x10 mm pixels were
manufactured for evaluation of detector with depth-of-interaction (DOI)
determination capability intended for small animal positron emission tomograph.
Position-sensitive LSO/LuAP phoswich DOI detector based on crystal 8x8 arrays
and HAMAMATSU R5900-00-M64 position-sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier tube
was developed and evaluated. Time resolution was found to be not worse than 1.0
ns FWHM for both layers, and spatial resolution mean value was 1.5 mm FWHM for
the center of field-of-view.


title: Development of liquid xenon detectors for medical imaging

abstract:
  In the present paper, we report on our developments of liquid xenon detectors
for medical imaging, positron emission tomography and single photon imaging, in
particular. The results of the studies of several photon detectors
(photomultiplier tubes and large area avalanche photodiode) suitable for
detection of xenon scintillation are also briefly described.


title:
Radiation Damage in Silicon Detectors Caused by Hadronic and
  Electromagnetic Irradiation

abstract:
  The report contains various aspects of radiation damage in silicon detectors
subjected to high intensity hadron and electromagnetic irradiation. It focuses
on improvements for the foreseen LHC applications, employing oxygenation of
silicon wafers during detector processing (result from CERN-RD48). An updated
survey on hadron induced damage is given in the first article. Several
improvements are outlined especially with respect to antiannealing problems
associated with detector storage during LHC maintenance periods. Open questions
are outlined in the final section, among which are a full understanding of
differences found between proton and neutron induced damage, process related
effects changing the radiation tolerance in addition to the oxygen content and
the lack of understanding the changed detector properties on the basis of
damage induced point and cluster defects. In addition to float zone silicon, so
far entirely used for detector fabrication,Czochralski silicon was also studied
and first promising results are shown. The other three papers deal with gamma
induced damage including also defects introduced either by processing steps or
being inherent to the as grown silicon. However the focus is on measurements
after gamma irradiation in a wide dose range. Both the changes in detector
properties and defect characterisations have been studied. For the first time
it is shown that in contrast to a standard process oxygenated silicon detectors
withstand an irradiation dose of up to 1 Grad with only minor deterioration.
Also it is shown for the first time that in this case the detector properties
can directly be explained by the damage induced point defects. This 1:1
correlation is extremely promising for all future defect engineering work.


title: Some Aspects of Dynamical Tunneling in Two Dimensional Coupled States

abstract:
  Process of dynamical tunneling in two-dimensional coupled potentials is
considered within Bohmian approach to quantum mechanics. Quantum trajectories
tend to go along the paths where potential energy increases and then decreases.
It leads to a suggestion that dynamical and barrier tunneling are the same
processes but the former is hidden due to specific potential surface.


title: Resistive plate chambers for time-of-flight measurements

abstract:
  The applications of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) have recently been
extended by the development of counters with time resolution below 100 ps sigma
for minimum ionising particles. Applications to HEP experiments have already
taken place and many further applications are under study. In this work we
address the operating principles of such counters along with some present
challenges, with emphasis on counter aging.


title:
On the interaction between velocity increment and energy dissipation in
  the turbulent cascade

abstract:
  We adress the problem of interactions between the longitudinal velocity
increment and the energy dissipation rate in fully developed turbulence. The
coupling between these two quantities is experimentally investigated by the
theory of stochastic Markovian processes. The so-called Markov analysis allows
for a precise characterization of the joint statistical properties of velocity
increment and energy dissipation. In particular, it is possible to determine
the differential equation that governs the evolution along scales of the joint
probability density of these two quantities. The properties of this equation
provide interesting new insights into the coupling between energy dissipation
and velocity incrementas leading to small scale intermittency.


title:
Energy-level diagrams and their contribution to fifth-order Raman and
  second-order infrared responses: Distinction between relaxation mechanisms by
  two-dimensional spectroscopy

abstract:
  We develop a Feynman rule for energy-level diagrams emphasizing their
connections to the double-sided Feynman diagrams and physical processes in the
Liouville space. Thereby we completely identify such diagrams and processes
contributing to the two-dimensional response function in the Brownian
oscillator model. We classify such diagrams or processes in quartet and
numerically present signals separately from each quartet of diagrams or
Liouville-space processes. We find that the signal from each quartet is
distinctly different from the others; we can identify each peaks in frequency
domain with a certain quartet. This offers the basis for analyzing and
assigning actual two-dimensional peaks and suggests the possibility of
Liouville-space-path selective spectroscopy. As an application we demonstrate
an example in which two familiar homogeneous mechanisms of relaxation are
distinguished by existence or non-existence of certain peaks on the
two-dimensional map; appearance or disappearance of certain peak is sensitive
to the coupling mechanism. We also point out some confusion in the literature
with regard to inclusion of relaxation effects.


title: Anharmonic oscillator radiation process in a large cavity

abstract:
  We consider a particle represented by an anharmonic oscillator, coupled to an
environment (a field) modeled by an ensemble of anharmonic oscillators, the
whole system being confined in a cavity of diameter $L$. Up to the first
perturbative order in the quartic interaction (interaction parameter
$\lambda$), we use the formalism of {\it dressed} states introduced in previous
publications, to obtain for a large cavity explicit $\lambda$-dependent
formulas for the particle radiation process. These formulas are obtained in
terms of the corresponding exact expressions for the linear case. We conclude
for the enhancement of the particle decay induced by the quartic interaction.

categories: physics.class-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th math-ph math.MP physics.gen-ph


title: Hierarchical population model with a carrying capacity distribution

abstract:
  A time- and space-discrete model for the growth of a rapidly saturating local
biological population $N(x,t)$ is derived from a hierarchical random deposition
process previously studied in statistical physics. Two biologically relevant
parameters, the probabilities of birth, $B$, and of death, $D$, determine the
carrying capacity $K$. Due to the randomness the population depends strongly on
position, $x$, and there is a distribution of carrying capacities, $\Pi (K)$.
This distribution has self-similar character owing to the imposed hierarchy.
The most probable carrying capacity and its probability are studied as a
function of $B$ and $D$. The effective growth rate decreases with time, roughly
as in a Verhulst process. The model is possibly applicable, for example, to
bacteria forming a "towering pillar" biofilm. The bacteria divide on randomly
distributed nutrient-rich regions and are exposed to random local bactericidal
agent (antibiotic spray). A gradual overall temperature change away from
optimal growth conditions, for instance, reduces bacterial reproduction, while
biofilm development degrades antimicrobial susceptibility, causing stagnation
into a stationary state.


title: The Effects of Nuclear Terrorism: Fizzles

abstract:
  The September 11 terrorist attack against America has caused a lot of concern
to the American public and the entire world, which is suspecting a new attack
sooner or later. The most frightening scenario is the one involving the
detonation of a nuclear device at the heart of a large metropolitan city.
Unless the terrorists are in possession of a fully assembled modern nuclear
weapons it is very likely that they will possess a crude nuclear device which
has been assembled in a terrorist camp by people with relatively limited
technological resources. It well known that the Oppenheimer team, which
designed and tested the first nuclear weapon (the gadget), had a lot of
reservations as to whether the first test at Alamogordo would produce any yield
at all. Therefore, the most likely scenario is that the terrorists will achieve
either a nominal yield or no yield at all (Fizzle). In this study we will
investigate all those parameters that play a decisive role in the number of
casualties after such an attack so that we can propose effective means of
avoiding mass destruction.


title:
Ultracold collisions in tight harmonic traps: Quantum defect model and
  application to metastable helium atoms

abstract:
  We analyze a system of two colliding ultracold atoms under strong harmonic
confinement from the viewpoint of quantum defect theory and formulate a
generalized self-consistent method for determining the allowed energies. We
also present two highly efficient computational methods for determining the
bound state energies and eigenfunctions of such systems. The perturbed harmonic
oscillator problem is characterized by a long asymptotic region beyond the
effective range of the interatomic potential. The first method, which is based
on quantum defect theory and is an adaptation of a technique developed by one
of the authors (GP) for highly excited states in a modified Coulomb potential,
is very efficient for integrating through this outer region. The second method
is a direct numerical solution of the radial Schr\"{o}dinger equation using a
discrete variable representation of the kinetic energy operator and a scaled
radial coordinate grid. The methods are applied to the case of trapped
spin-polarized metastable helium atoms. The calculated eigenvalues agree very
closely for the two methods, and with those computed self-consistently using
the generalized self-consistent method.


title:
Scanning the structure of ill-known spaces: Part 2. Principles of
  construction of physical space

abstract:
  Spacetime is represented by ordered sequences of topologically closed
Poincare sections of the primary space constructed of primary empty cells.
These mappings are constrained to provide homeomorphic structures serving as
frames of reference in order to account for the successive positions of any
objects present in the system. Mappings from one to the next section involve
morphisms of the general structures. Discrete properties of the lattice allow
the prediction of scales at which microscopic to cosmic structures should
occur. Deformations of primary cells by exchange of empty set cells allow a
cell to be mapped into an image cell in the next section as far as mapped cells
remain homeomorphic. If a deformation involves a fractal transformation to
objects, there occurs a change in the dimension of the cell and the
homeomorphism is not conserved. The fractal kernel stands for a "particle" and
the reduction of its volume is compensated by morphic changes of a finite
number of surrounding cells. Quanta of distances and quanta of fractality are
demonstrated. The interaction of a moving particle-like deformation with the
surrounding lattice involves a fractal decomposition process that supports the
existence and properties of previously postulated inerton clouds as associated
to particles. Experimental evidence and further possibilities of the existence
of inertons are proposed.


title: Modelling and Measurement of Charge Transfer in Multiple GEM Structures

abstract:
  Measurements and numerical simulations on the charge transfer in Gas Electron
Multiplier (GEM) foils are presented and their implications for the usage of
GEM foils in Time Projection Chambers are discussed. A small test chamber has
been constructed and operated with up to three GEM foils. The charge transfer
parameters derived from the electrical currents monitored during the
irradiation with an Fe-55 source are compared with numerical simulations. The
performance in magnetic fields up to 2 T is also investigated.


title:
Nuclear-polarization effect to the hyperfine structure in heavy
  multicharged ions

abstract:
  We have investigated the correction to the hyperfine structure of heavy
multicharged ions, which is connected with the nuclear-polarization effect
caused by the unpaired bound electron. Numerical calculations are performed for
hydrogenlike ions taking into account the dominant collective nuclear
excitations. The correction defines the ultimate limit of precision in accurate
theoretical predictions of the hyperfine-structure splittings.


title:
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Aqueous Solvation of Ethanol and
  Ethylene

abstract:
  The structure and dynamics of aqueous solvation of ethanol and ethylene are
studied by DFT-based Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. We did not find an
enhancement of the structure of the hydrogen bonded network of hydrating water
molecules. Both ethanol and ethylene can easily be accommodated in the
hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules without altering its structure. This
is supports the conclusion from recent neutron diffraction experiments that
there is no hydrophobic hydration around small hydrophobic groups. Analysis of
the electronic charge distribution using Wannier functions shows that the
dipole moment of ethanol increases from 1.8 D to 3.1 D upon solvation, while
the apolar ethylene molecule attains an average dipole moment of 0.5 D. For
ethylene, we identified configurations with $\pi$-H bonded water molecules,
that have rare four-fold hydrogen-bonded water coordination, yielding
instantaneous dipole moments of ethylene of up to 1 D. The results provide
valuable information for the improvement of empirical force fields, and point
out that for an accurate description of the aqueous solvation of ethanol, and
even of the apolar ethylene, polarizable force fields are required.


title:
Fourth-order perturbative extension of the single-double excitation
  coupled-cluster method, Part II: Angular reduction

abstract:
  We tabulate angularly reduced fourth-order many-body corrections to matrix
elements for univalent atoms, derived in [A. Derevianko and E.D. Emmons, Phys.
Rev. A 65, 052115 (2002)]. In particular we focused on practically important
diagrams complementary to those included in the coupled cluster method
truncated at single and double excitations. The derivation and angular
reduction of the large number of diagrams have been carried out with the help
of symbolic algebra software.


title:
Exact solutions for reconnective annihilation in magnetic configurations
  with three sources

abstract:
  Exact solutions of the steady resistive three dimensional (3D)
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in cylindrical coordinates for an
incompressible plasma are presented. The solutions are translationally
invariant along one direction and in general they describe a process of
reconnective annihilation in a curved current layer with non vanishing magnetic
field. In the derivation of the solutions the ideal case with vanishing
resistivity and electric field is considered first and then generalized to
include the effects of finite electric field and resistivity. Particular
attention is devoted to the analysis how the latter ones influence the presence
of singularities in the solutions. In this respect comparisons with the purely
two-dimensional case are made and the resulting important differences are
highlighted. Finally, applications of the solutions for modeling an important
class of solar flares are discussed.


title: Theory of adiabatic Hexaamminecobalt-Self-Exchange

abstract:
  We have reexamined the thermally induced Co(NH_3)_6^{2+/3+} [Co(II/III)]
redox reaction using the first principles density-functional-theory method,
semiclassical Marcus theory, and known charge transfer parameters. We confirm a
previously suggested mechanism involving excited state (^2E_g) of Co(II) which
becomes lower than the ground state (^4T_1g) in the transition state region.
This lowers the transition state barrier considerably by about 6.9 kcal/mol and
leads to a spin-allowed and adiabatic electron exchange process. Our
calculations are consistent with previous experimental results regarding the
spin-excitation energy (^3T_1g) of Co(III), and the fact that an optical
absorption peak (^2E_g) of the Co(II) species could not be found
experimentally. Our rate is of order 6 10^{-3} 1/Ms and hence 2 orders of
magnitude faster than determined previously by experiments.


title: Radiation hardness of the PIBETA detector components

abstract:
  We have examined long term changes in signal amplitude gain, energy
resolution and detection efficiency for the active components of the PIBETA
detector system. Beam defining plastic scintillation counters were operated in
a ~1 MHz stopped $\pi^+$ beam for a period of 297 days, accumulating radiation
doses of up to 2 Mrad. Detectors in the charged particle tracking system--a
pair of cylindrical multi-wire proportional chambers and a thin plastic
scintillation barrel-shaped hodoscope array--were irradiated during the same
running period with an average dose of ~40 krad. Individual CsI(undoped
crystal) calorimeter detectors received an average dose of ~120 rad, mainly
from photons, positrons and protons originating from $\pi^+$ hadronic
interactions as well as from $\pi^+$ and $\mu^+$ weak decays at rest in the
active target.


title: Modelling of Standard Solid Angle

abstract:
  On the basis of the data given in the works of different authors a criterion
of phase-photometric method of measurement of energy angle of divergence has
been formulated. Validity of application of the obtained relations for a ray
beam with an arbitrary diameter and an arbitrary shape of the wave front has
been proved. Advantages of the proposed phase-photometric method in comparison
with the focal-spot method have been confirmed. Necessity and possibility of
building a standard solid angle has been proved.


title: On a sub-quantum mechanical interpretation of the Dirac theory

abstract:
  In this paper we will attempt to show that the Dirac theory lends itself to
an interpretation in terms of a unified sub-quantum mechanical field theory
where, the fundamental force fields are weak electric and weak magnetic fields.
We present an electron model based on some of the predictions of the Dirac
theory and justify our arguments by showing that the model not only yields the
correct value for the g-factor but also gives us the very small correction to
the magnetic moment as obtained in the renormalization programme of quantum
electrodynamics. The model also allows us to give a new meaning to the negative
energy state of an electron. The general outlines of the unified field theory
are given and the connection between fluctuations at the Planck and Compton
scales is presented in terms of concrete physical events.


title: Few Cycle Optical Pulse Propagation: a detailed calculation

abstract:
  This document contains my detailed calculation of the Generalised Few-cycle
Envelope Approximation (GFEA) propagation equation reported and used in Phys.
Rev. A (submitted) and its associated longer version at arXiv.org. This GFEA
propagation equation is intended to be applicable to optical pulses only a few
cycles long, a regime where the standard Slowly Varying Envelope Approximation
(SVEA) fails.


title: Experimental observation of high-order quantum accelerator modes

abstract:
  Using a system consisting of a freely falling cloud of cold cesium atoms
periodically kicked by pulses from a vertical standing wave of laser light, we
present the first experimental observation of high-order quantum accelerator
modes. This confirms the recent prediction by Fishman, Guarneri, and Rebuzzini
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 084101 (2002)]. We also show how these accelerator modes
can be identified with the stable regions of phase space in a classical-like
chaotic system, despite their intrinsically quantum origin.


title: Few cycle pulse propagation

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive framework for treating the nonlinear interaction
of few-cycle pulses using an envelope description that goes beyond the
traditional SVEA method. This is applied to a range of simulations that
demonstrate how the effect of a $\chi^{(2)}$ nonlinearity differs between the
many-cycle and few-cycle cases. Our approach, which includes diffraction,
dispersion, multiple fields, and a wide range of nonlinearities, builds upon
the work of Brabec and Krausz[1] and Porras[2]. No approximations are made
until the final stage when a particular problem is considered.
  The original version (v1) of this arXiv paper is close to the published
Phys.Rev.A. version, and much smaller in size.


title: Exact solutions for magnetic annihilation in curvilinear geometry

abstract:
  New exact solutions of the steady and incompressible 2D MHD equations in
polar coordinates are presented. The solutions describe the process of
reconnective magnetic annihilation in a curved current layer. They are
particularly interesting for modeling magnetic reconnection in solar flares
caused by the interaction of three photospheric magnetic sources.


title: Finite nuclear size and Lamb shift of p-wave atomic states

abstract:
  We consider corrections to the Lamb shift of p-wave atomic states due to the
finite nuclear size (FNS). In other words, these are radiative corrections to
the atomic isotop shift related to FNS. It is shown that the structure of the
corrections is qualitatively different from that for s-wave states. The
perturbation theory expansion for the relative correction for a $p_{1/2}$-state
starts from $\alpha\ln(1/Z\alpha)$-term, while for $s_{1/2}$-states it starts
from $Z\alpha^2$ term. Here $\alpha$ is the fine structure constant and $Z$ is
the nuclear charge. In the present work we calculate the $\alpha$-terms for
$2p$-states, the result for $2p_{1/2}$-state reads
$(8\alpha/9\pi)[\ln(1/(Z\alpha)^2)+0.710]$. Even more interesting are
$p_{3/2}$-states. In this case the ``correction'' is by several orders of
magnitude larger than the ``leading'' FNS shift.


title:
Asymmetric Optical Radiation Pressure Effects on Liquid Interfaces Under
  Intense Illumination

abstract:
  Deformations of horizontal liquid interfaces by optical radiation pressure
are generally expected to display similar behaviors whatever the direction of
propagation of the exciting laser beam is. In the present experiment we find
this expectation to be borne out, as long as the cw laser illumination is
moderate in strength. However, as a striking contrast in the case of high field
strengths, we find that either a large stable tether can be formed, or else
that a break-up of the interface can occur, depending on whether the laser beam
is upward or downward directed. Physically, the reason for this asymmetry can
be traced to whether total reflection can occur or not. We also present two
simple theoretical models, one based on geometrical optics, the other on wave
optics, that are able to illustrate the essence of the effect. In the case
leading to interface disruption our experimental results are compared with
those obtained by Zhang and Chang for water droplets under intense laser pulses
[Opt. Lett. \textbf{13}, 916 (1988)]. A key point in our experimental
investigations is to work with a near-critical liquid/liquid interface. The
surface tension becomes therefore significantly reduced, which thus enhances
the magnitude of the stationary deformations induced.


title:
The physical meaning of synchronization and simultaneity in Special
  Relativity

abstract:
  Based on two previous papers, the physical meaning of synchronization and
simultaneity as is presented in Einstein's Special Relativity paper of 1905 is
reconsidered. We follow Einstein's argumentation to introduce a criterium of
synchronization and for the same arguments we arrive at a different criterium
for synchronization. From that we conclude that simultaneity is absolute.


title: Isolated ionospheric disturbances as deduced from global GPS network

abstract:
  We investigate an unusual class of medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances (MS TIDs) of the nonwave type, isolated ionospheric disturbances
(IIDs) that manifest themselves in total electron content (TEC) variations in
the form of single aperiodic negative TEC disturbances of a duration of about
10 min (the total electron content spikes, TECS). It was found that TECS are
observed in no more than 1-2 % of the total number of radio paths. We present
the results derived from analyzing the dependence of TECS parameters on local
time, and on the level of geomagnetic activity. The TECS amplitude exceeds at
least one order of magnitude the TEC fluctuation intensity under "background"
conditions. To analyze TECS dynamic characteristics the event of 5 October,
2001 was used.


title: Photoassociation spectroscopy of cold calcium atoms

abstract:
  Photoassociation spectroscopy experiments on 40Ca atoms close to the
dissociation limit 4s4s 1S0 - 4s4p 1P1 are presented. The vibronic spectrum was
measured for detunings of the photoassociation laser ranging from 0.6 GHz to 68
GHz with respect to the atomic resonance. In contrast to previous measurements
the rotational splitting of the vibrational lines was fully resolved. Full
quantum mechanical numerical simulations of the photoassociation spectrum were
performed which allowed us to put constraints on the possible range of the
calcium scattering length to between 50 a_0 and 300 a_0.


title:
Canonical description of ideal magnetohydrodynamics and integrals of
  motion

abstract:
  In the framework of the variational principle there are introduced canonical
variables describing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows of general type without
any restrictions for invariants of the motion. It is shown that the velocity
representation of the Clebsch type introduced by means of the variational
principle with constraints is equivalent to the representation following from
the generalization of the Weber transformation for the case of arbitrary MHD
flows. The integrals of motion and local invariants for MHD are under
examination. It is proved that there exists generalization of the Ertel
invariant. It is expressed in terms of generalized vorticity field (discussed
earlier by Vladimirov and Moffatt (V. A. Vladimirov, H. K. Moffatt, J. Fl.
Mech., vol. 283, pp.~125--139, 1995) for the incompressible case). The
generalized vorticity presents the frozen-in field for the barotropic and
isentropic flows and therefore for these flows there exists generalized
helicity invariant. This result generalizes one obtained by Vladimirov and
Moffatt in the cited work for the incompressible fluid. It is shown that to
each invariant of the conventional hydrodynamics corresponds MHD invariant and
therefore our approach allows correct limit transition to the conventional
hydrodynamic case. The additional advantage of the approach proposed enables
one to deal with discontinuous flows, including all types of possible breaks.


title: Magnetic trapping of metastable $^3P_2$ atomic strontium

abstract:
  We report the magnetic trapping of metastable $^3P_2$ atomic strontium. Atoms
are cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating on the dipole allowed
$^1S_0-^1P_1$ transition at 461 nm. Decay via $^1P_1\to {^1D_2}\to {^3P_2}$
continuously loads a magnetic trap formed by the quadrupole magnetic field of
the MOT. Over $10^8$ atoms at a density of $8 \times 10^9$ cm$^{-3}$ and
temperature of 1 mK are trapped. The atom temperature is significantly lower
than what would be expected from the kinetic and potential energy of atoms as
they are transferred from the MOT. This suggests that thermalization and
evaporative cooling are occurring in the magnetic trap.


title: QCD and Natural Philosophy

abstract:
  QCD sheds considerable light on several of the most basic features of the
natural world including the origin of mass, the feebleness of gravity, the
extent to which the properties of matter can be determined conceptually, the
possible utility of the anthropic principle, and the metatheoretic notions of
effectiveness and computability. I discuss these applications here.

categories: physics.ed-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.pop-ph


title:
An observation on the relation between the fine structure constant and
  the Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier analysis

abstract:
  A value given by a simple mathematical expression is proposed which is close
to the fine structure constant given by 1998 CODATA recommended values of the
fundamental physical constants up to relative accuracy 10^{-7}. This expression
relates closely with the value of the overshoot of the Gibbs phenomenon in
Fourier analysis.


title:
Tensorial origin of the action function, nexus between Quantum physics
  and General Relativity

abstract:
  The analytic physics, when it is development from aprioristic form,
constructs all the laws from the Hamilton principle, also called action
principle. According to this principle all systems are characterized by a
magnitude called action which variation is equal to zero for the real evolution
of the systems. At first, do not exist restrictions for the mathematical form
of the action function, nonetheless, as in the a posteriori developer of the
analytic physics, the traditional equations of the physics lead up to a scalar
action, it is always sure that the action may be a scalar function. In this
article we propose the existence of a tensorial function like origin of the
traditional scalar action. First because it permits, without other argumens, to
justify the own action principle and second because it permits connect the
complementary principle of the Quantum physics with the analytic expressions of
the nonquantum physics, including the General Relativity. We call tensorial
action to this original function and their components are connecting, directly,
with the tensorial (spinorial) componets of the wave function of the particles
with spin higher than zero. For this reason we can understand why in the
nonquantum physics only has significance a scalar action.


title: Attitude Determination from Single-Antenna Carrier-Phase Measurements

abstract:
  A model of carrier phase measurement (as carried out by a satellite
navigation receiver) is formulated based on electromagnetic theory. The model
shows that the phase of the open-circuit voltage induced in the receiver
antenna with respect to a local oscillator (in the receiver) depends on the
relative orientation of the receiving and transmitting antennas. The model
shows that using a {\it single} receiving antenna, and making carrier phase
measurements to seven satellites, the 3-axis attitude of a user platform (in
addition to its position and time) can be computed relative to an initial
point. This measurement model can also be used to create high-fidelity
satellite signal simulators that take into account the effect of platform
rotation as well as translation.


title:
Changes in the Hurst exponent of heartbeat intervals during physical
  activities

abstract:
  The fractal scaling properties of the heartbeat time series are studied in a
controlled ergometric regime using the Hurst rescaled range R/S analysis. The
long-time "memory effect" quantified by the value of the Hurst exponent $H>0.5$
is found to increase during progresive physical activity at healthy subjects in
contrast to those having stable angina pectoris (SAP), where it is decreasing.
We argue that this finding may be used as a useful new diagnostic parameter for
short heartbeat time series.


title:
Magnetic resonance as a channel of directed transmission of
  electromagnetic energy in animate nature

abstract:
  The phenomenon of magnetic resonance (either NMR or ESR) is a responce of
atomic (molecular) system to the external electromagnetic effect. Electrons and
nuclei, which possess magnetic moment, are the "magnetic antennas" in the
biosystem "human being". They are able to receive (radiate) electromagnetic
energy selectively in coordinates $H$ (magnetic field), $\nu$ (frequency) and
$\gamma$ (gyromagnetic ratio). Tuning of these antennas mirrors the state of an
atomic system and its environment. The sea of electromagnetic waves of both
natural and artificial origin surrounds a "human being". It contains the set of
frequencies, which fulfill the resonance condition in the geomagnetic field.
This phenomenon is universal for a lot of nuclei and electrons, which
participate in many vital biochemical reactions and processes. The above allows
one to speak about the existence of a natural channel for energy (information)
transfer using the radio-frequency range. This channel exists both inside a
biosystem and for communication outside. The possible ways of realization of
such a channel and trends of its application are discussed.


title:
Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in
  microstructure fiber

abstract:
  Broadband noise on supercontinuum spectra generated in microstructure fiber
is shown to lead to amplitude fluctuations as large as 50 % for certain input
laser pulse parameters. We study this noise using both experimental
measurements and numerical simulations with a generalized stochastic nonlinear
Schroedinger equation, finding good quantitative agreement over a range of
input pulse energies and chirp values. This noise is shown to arise from
nonlinear amplification of two quantum noise inputs: the input pulse shot noise
and the spontaneous Raman scattering down the fiber.


title: The bend stiffness of S-DNA

abstract:
  We formulate and solve a two-state model for the elasticity of nicked,
double-stranded DNA that borrows features from both the Worm Like Chain and the
Bragg--Zimm model. Our model is computationally simple, and gives an excellent
fit to recent experimental data through the entire overstretching transition.
The fit gives the first value for the bending stiffness of the overstretched
state as about 10 nm*kbt, a value quite different from either B-form or
single-stranded DNA.


title: Mathematical Foundations of the Relativistic Theory of Quantum Gravity

abstract:
  Starting from the action function, we have derived a theoretical background
that leads to the quantization of gravity and the deduction of a correlation
between the gravitational and the inertial masses, which depends on the kinetic
momentum of the particle. We show that the strong equivalence principle is
reaffirmed and, consequently, Einstein's equations are preserved. In fact, such
equations are deduced here directly from this new approach to Gravitation.
Moreover, we have obtained a generalized equation for the inertial forces,
which incorporates the Mach's principle into Gravitation. Also, we have deduced
the equation of Entropy; the Hamiltonian for a particle in an electromagnetic
field and the reciprocal fine structure constant directly from this new
approach. It was also possible to deduce the expression of the Casimir force
and to explain the Inflation Period and the Missing Matter, without assuming
existence of vacuum fluctuations. This new approach to Gravitation will allow
us to understand some crucial matters in Cosmology.


title:
Deciding the Nature of the "Coarse Equation" through Microscopic
  Simulations: the Baby-Bathwater Scheme

abstract:
  Recent developments in multiscale computation allow the solution of ``coarse
equations'' for the expected macroscopic behavior of
microscopically/stochastically evolving particle distributions without ever
obtaining these coarse equations in closed form. The closure is obtained ``on
demand'' through appropriately initialized bursts of microscopic simulation.
The effective coupling of microscopic simulators with macrosocopic behavior
embodied in this approach requires certain decisions about the nature of the
unavailable ``coarse equation''. Such decisions include (a) the determination
of the highest spatial derivative active in the equation, (b) whether the
coarse equation satisfies certain conservation laws, and (c) whether the coarse
dynamics is Hamiltonian. These decisions affect the number and type of boundary
conditions as well as the nature of the algorithms employed in good solution
practice. In the absence of an explicit formula for the temporal derivative, we
propose, implement and validate a simple scheme for deciding these and other
similar questions about the coarse equation using only the microscopic
simulator. Microscopic simulations under periodic boundary conditions are
carried out for appropriately chosen families of random initial conditions;
evaluating the sample variance of certain statistics over the simulation
ensemble allows us to infer the highest order of spatial derivatives active in
the coarse equation. In the same spirit we show how to determine whether a
certain coarse conservation law exists or not, and we discuss plausibility
tests for the existence of a coarse Hamiltonian or integrability. We argue that
such schemes constitute an important part of the equation-free approach to
multiscale computation.


title: Fisher Information With Respect to Cumulants

abstract:
  Fisher information is a measure of the best precision with which a parameter
can be estimated from statistical data. It can also be defined for a continuous
random variable without reference to any parameters, in which case it has a
physically compelling interpretation of representing the highest precision with
which the first cumulant of the random variable, i.e., its mean, can be
estimated from its statistical realizations. We construct a complete hierarchy
of information measures that determine the best precision with which all of the
cumulants of a random variable -- and thus its complete probability
distribution -- can be estimated from its statistical realizations. Several
properties of these information measures and their generating functions are
discussed.


title: Relativistic Brownian Motion

abstract:
  We solve the problem of formulating Brownian motion in a relativistically
covariant framework in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions. We obtain covariant
Fokker-Planck equations with (for the isotropic case) a differential operator
of invariant d'Alembert form. Treating the spacelike and timelike fluctuations
separately, we show that it is essential to take into account the analytic
continuation of "unphysical" fluctuations in order to achieve these results.

categories: physics.class-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.gen-ph


title: Decay, interference, and chaos: How simple atoms mimic disorder

abstract:
  We establish a close quantitative analogy between the excitation and
ionization process of highly excited one electron Rydberg states under
microwave driving and charge transport across disordered 1D lattices. Our
results open a new arena for Anderson localization - a disorder induced effect
- in a large class of perfectly deterministic, decaying atomic systems.


title:
Effective spring constants for the elastically coupled insertions in
  membranes

abstract:
  In linear elastic theory, membrane deformation energy caused by inclusions
(e.g., membrane-spanning peptides in lipid bilayers) can be rigorously
presented in terms of coupled harmonic oscillators. The general expressions for
the corresponding "effective spring constants" are derived here for quite
general boundary conditions allowing, e.g., for the azimuthal variation of the
contact slope. The case of two insertions is considered in more details.


title:
A Diffusion-Based Approach to Geminate Recombination of Heme Proteins
  with Small Ligands

abstract:
  A model of postphotodissociative monomolecular (geminate) recombination of
heme proteins with small ligands (NO, O2 or CO) is represented. The
non-exponential decay with time for the probability to find a heme in unbound
state is interpreted in terms of diffusion-like migration of ligabs
physics/0212040 and between protein cavities. The temporal behavior for the
probability is obtained from numerical simulation and specified by two
parameters: the time \tau_{reb} of heme-ligand rebinding for the ligand
localized inside the heme pocket and the time \tau_{esc} of ligand escape from
the pocket. The model is applied in the analysis of available experimental data
for geminate reoxygenation of human hemoglobin HbA. Our simulation is in good
agreement with the measurements. The analysis shows that the variation in pH of
the solution (6.0<pH<9.4) results in considerable changes for \tau_{reb} from
0.36 ns (at pH=8.5) up to 0.5 ns (pH=6.0) but effects slightly on the time
\tau_{esc} (\tau_{esc} ~ 0.88 ns).


title:
Precision measurement and compensation of optical Stark shifts for an
  ion-trap quantum processor

abstract:
  Using optical Ramsey interferometry, we precisely measure the laser-induced
AC-stark shift on the $S_{1/2}$ -- $D_{5/2}$ "quantum bit" transition near 729
nm in a single trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion. We cancel this shift using an
additional laser field. This technique is of particular importance for the
implementation of quantum information processing with cold trapped ions. As a
simple application we measure the atomic phase evolution during a $n \times
2\pi$ rotation of the quantum bit.


title: 133Cs87Rb Laser Cooled Dual Fountain

abstract:
  At BNM-SYRTE laboratories in Paris two 133Cs fountains and a 87Rb one have
been already demonstrated. This paper illustrates the construction of a 87Rb
and Cs dual fountain realized within the same structure to work simultaneously.
Up to now only the Cs part is under operation but Rb part, already completed,
will be soon operational. The experiment has been projected to improve present
fountain frequency standards and to perform a more precise laboratory test (at
10E-16 level) on a possible time variation of the fine structure constant
alpha, as recent cosmological evidences strongly motivates.


title:
Power-law persistence and trends in the atmosphere: A detailed study of
  long temperature records

abstract:
  We use several variants of the detrended fluctuation analysis to study the
appearance of long-term persistence in temperature records, obtained at 95
stations all over the globe. Our results basically confirm earlier studies. We
find that the persistence, characterized by the correlation C(s) of temperature
variations separated by s days, decays for large s as a power law, C(s) ~
s^(-gamma). For continental stations, including stations along the coastlines,
we find that gamma is always close to 0.7. For stations on islands, we find
that gamma ranges between 0.3 and 0.7, with a maximum at gamma = 0.4. This is
consistent with earlier studies of the persistence in sea surface temperature
records where gamma is close to 0.4. In all cases, the exponent gamma does not
depend on the distance of the stations to the continental coastlines. By
varying the degree of detrending in the fluctuation analysis we obtain also
information about trends in the temperature records.


title:
Illustrating Dynamical Symmetries in Classical Mechanics: The
  Laplace-Runge-Lenz Vector Revisited

abstract:
  The inverse square force law admits a conserved vector that lies in the plane
of motion. This vector has been associated with the names of Laplace, Runge,
and Lenz, among others. Many workers have explored aspects of the symmetry and
degeneracy associated with this vector and with analogous dynamical symmetris.
We define a conserved dynamical variable $\alpha$ that characterizes the
orientation of the orbit in two-dimensional configuration space for the Kepler
problem and an analogous variable $\beta$ for the isotropic harmonics
oscillator. This orbit orientation variable is canonically conjugate to the
angular momentum component normal to the plane of motion. We explore the
canoncial one-parameter group of transformations generated by $\alpha (\beta).$
Because we have an obvious pair of conserved canonically conjugate variables,
it is desirable to us them as a coordinate-momentum pair. In terms of these
phase space coordinates, the form of the Hamiltonian is nearly trivial because
neither member of the pair can occur explicitly in the Hamiltonian. From these
considerations we gain a simple picture of the dynamics in phase space. The
procedure we use is in the spirit of the Hamilton-Jacobi method.


title: Feasibility of a synchrotron storage ring for neutral polar molecules

abstract:
  Using calculations and mathematical modeling, we demonstrate the feasibility
of constructing a synchrotron storage ring for neutral polar molecules. The
lattice is a racetrack type 3.6 m in circumference consisting of two of
180-degree arcs, six bunchers, and two long straight sections. Each straight
section contains two triplet focusing lenses and space for beam injection and
experiments. The design also includes a matched injector and a linear
decelerator. Up to 60 bunches can be loaded and simultaneously stored in the
ring. The molecules are injected at 90 m/s but the velocity of the circulating
beam can be decelerated to 60 m/s after injection.
  The modeling uses deuterated ammonia molecules in a weak-field seeking state.
Beam that survives 400 turns (15 s), has horizontal and vertical acceptances of
35 mm-mr and 70 mm-mr respectively, and an energy acceptance of plus or minus
2%.


title:
Opening of DNA double strands by helicases. Active versus passive
  opening

abstract:
  Helicase opening of double-stranded nucleic acids may be "active" (the
helicase directly destabilizes the dsNA to promote opening) or "passive" (the
helicase binds ssNA available due to a thermal fluctuation which opens part of
the dsNA). We describe helicase opening of dsNA, based on helicases which bind
single NA strands and move towards the double-stranded region, using a discrete
``hopping'' model. The interaction between the helicase and the junction where
the double strand opens is characterized by an interaction potential. The form
of the potential determines whether the opening is active or passive. We
calculate the rate of passive opening for the helicase PcrA, and show that the
rate increases when the opening is active. Finally, we examine how to choose
the interaction potential to optimize the rate of strand separation. One
important result is our finding that active opening can increase the unwinding
rate by 7 fold compared to passive opening.


title:
Degradation of signals and operation failures of radio engineering
  satellite systems during geospace disturbances accompanied by abrupt changes
  in the geomagnetic field

abstract:
  During strong magnetic storms, the errors of determination of the range,
frequency Doppler shift and angles of arrival of transionospheric radio signals
exceeds the one for magnetically quiet days by one order of magnitude as a
minimum. This can be the cause of performance degradation of current satellite
radio engineering navigation, communication and radar systems as well as of
superlong-baseline radio interferometry systems. The relative density of phase
slips at mid-latitudes exceeds its mean value for magnetically quiet days at
least by the order of 1 or 2, that makes a few percent of the total density of
GPS observations. Furthermore, the level of phase slips for the GPS satellites
located at the sunward side of the Earth was 5-10 times larger compared to the
opposite side of the Earth.


title: Two-dimensional projections of an hypercube

abstract:
  We present a method to project a hypercube of arbitrary dimension on the
plane, in such a way as to preserve, as well as possible, the distribution of
distances between vertices. The method relies on a Montecarlo optimization
procedure that minimizes the squared difference between distances in the plane
and in the hypercube, appropriately weighted. The plane projections provide a
convenient way of visualization for dynamical processes taking place on the
hypercube.


title:
Estabelecimento do Conceito de Temperatura como uma grandeza derivada da
  Energia e da Entropia

abstract:
  Temperature is introduced as a derived concept from energy and entropy. We
consider two sub-systems in equilibrium for several configurations. The
equality of temperature of the sub-systems is obtained from the equilibrium
condition. The isothermal transformation is defined for several configurations
and from this definition we obtain the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. We apply
the analysis to the ideal gas. The classical ideal gas appears as a limit and
the problem of the measurement of temperature is analysed.


title: Statistical Analysis of Composite Spectra

abstract:
  We consider nearest neighbor spacing distributions of composite ensembles of
levels. These are obtained by combining independently unfolded sequences of
levels containing only few levels each. Two problems arise in the spectral
analysis of such data. One problem lies in fitting the nearest neighbor spacing
distribution to the histogram of level spacings obtained from the data. We show
that the method of Bayesian inference is superior to this procedure. The second
problem occurs when one unfolds such short sequences. We show that the
unfolding procedure generically leads to an overestimate of the chaoticity
parameter. This trend is absent in the presence of long-range level
correlations. Thus, composite ensembles of levels from a system with long-range
spectral stiffness yield reliable information about the chaotic behavior of the
system.


title:
On Abreu's theory of space and time and new measurements of absolute
  velocities

abstract:
  Abreu, R. suggested a new interpretation for the Lorentz Transformation (LT),
a different LT derivation and a new "synchronized" space time transformation
(ST). While he has shown that his results could be expressed in a Lorentz
invariant form, the simplest (but perhaps most shocking) approach appears to be
the use of the ST. The simplicity of this formulation, which bypasses the well
known paradoxes from Relativity, along with the fact that phenomena like time
dilatation are still predicted, suggests the need for further investigation on
this subject. We briefly discuss this new space time approach, using ST, and
suggest two new methods for measuring absolute velocities which also provide a
way to test Special Relativity.


title: Quadrimechanica Entropy: the basis of mechanics

abstract:
  Classical, Quantum, Relativistic and Statistical: the four branches of
mechanics. However, the Quattro Donna of Physics disagree even about the
entities that are supposed to be fundamental, such as space, matter and time.
In order to search for an union, this contribution considers Indeterminacy in a
Classical context and takes a path based on a division that could be named
factual as opposed to the conventional approach of cause and effects. This sets
back a primary division between "observable entities" and "measurable
quantities". Recovering the primordial Classical experiment and describing the
"Free Fall" in terms of distinct times - the relaxation time of the ("falling")
'light' bodies (m1, m2,...); the characteristic time of the 'heavy' (M) body
and the rate of change of the mechanical system [M, m1, m2, ...]- the procedure
led to conclude that Newtonian Mechanics extracted data from a gedanken
experiment. Developing the concept of evolution of states (Entropy), an
argument centred on Observability favours a uniform formulation, at the cost of
non-linear "Classical" equations.


title: Beam shaping by a layered structure with left-handed materials

abstract:
  We analyze transmission of a layered photonic structure (a one-dimensional
photonic crystal) consisting of alternating slabs of two materials with
positive and negative refractive index. For the periodic structure with zero
averaged refractive index, we demonstrate a number of unique properties of the
beam transmission observed in strong beam modification and reshaping.


title: On the Radiation Damage of BTeV EMCAL Detector Unit

abstract:
  Hamamatsu photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and various PMT window materials were
exposed to gamma irradiation. Tests were performed with absorbed doses of 1
krad and 120 krad. Initial recommendations on PMT types to use in the BTeV
electromagnetic calorimeter are stated.


title: A Test For Varying G

abstract:
  In this note we consider a variable $G$ cosmology which is consistent with
observation and which had successfully predicted an ever expanding accelerating
universe. It is shown that the observed shortening of the orbital periods of
binary pulsars is also in good agreement with this model.


title: PARIS Altimetry with L1 Frequency Data from the Bridge 2 Experiment

abstract:
  A portion of 20 minutes of the GPS signals collected during the Bridge 2
experimental campaign, performed by ESA, have been processed. An innovative
algorithm called Parfait, developed by Starlab and implemented within Starlab's
GNSS-R Software package STARLIGHT (STARLab Interferometric Gnss Toolkit), has
been successfully used with this set of data. A comparison with tide values
independently collected and with differential GPS processed data has been
performed. We report a successful PARIS phase altimetric measure of the Zeeland
Brug over the sea surface with a rapidly changing tide, with a precision better
than 2 cm.


title: Performance of the CDF Miniplug Calorimeters

abstract:
  Two Miniplug calorimeters, designed to measure the energy and lateral
position of particles in the forward pseudorapidity region of 3.6<|\eta |<5.1,
have been installed as part of the CDF upgraded detector for Run II at the
Tevatron. Proton-antiproton beams are colliding at $\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV. One
year after installation, Miniplug detector performance and first results are
presented.


title: Flame Enhancement and Quenching in Fluid Flows

abstract:
  We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of an advected scalar field
which diffuses and reacts according to a nonlinear reaction law. The objective
is to study how the bulk burning rate of the reaction is affected by an imposed
flow. In particular, we are interested in comparing the numerical results with
recently predicted analytical upper and lower bounds. We focus on reaction
enhancement and quenching phenomena for two classes of imposed model flows with
different geometries: periodic shear flow and cellular flow. We are primarily
interested in the fast advection regime. We find that the bulk burning rate v
in a shear flow satisfies v ~ a*U+b where U is the typical flow velocity and a
is a constant depending on the relationship between the oscillation length
scale of the flow and laminar front thickness. For cellular flow, we obtain v ~
U^{1/4}. We also study flame extinction (quenching) for an ignition-type
reaction law and compactly supported initial data for the scalar field. We find
that in a shear flow the flame of the size W can be typically quenched by a
flow with amplitude U ~ alpha*W. The constant alpha depends on the geometry of
the flow and tends to infinity if the flow profile has a plateau larger than a
critical size. In a cellular flow, we find that the advection strength required
for quenching is U ~ W^4 if the cell size is smaller than a critical value.


title: A posteriori reading of Virtual Impactors impact probability

abstract:
  In this paper we define the a posteriori probability W. This quantity is
introduced with the aim of suggesting a reliable interpretation of the actual
threat posed by a newly discovered Near Earth Asteroid (NEA), for which
impacting orbital solutions (now commonly known as Virtual Impactors or VIs)
can not be excluded on the basis of the available astrometric observations. The
probability W is strictly related to the so-called background impact
probability (that extrapolated through a statistical analysis from close
encounters of the known NEA population) and to the annual frequency with which
the impact monitoring systems (currently NEODyS-CLOMON at University of Pisa
and SENTRY at NASA-JPL) find VIs among newly discovered asteroids. Of W we also
provide a conservative estimate, which turns out to be of nearly the same order
of the background impact probability. This eventually says to us what we
already know: the fact that nowadays monitoring systems frequently find VIs
among newly discovered asteroids does not make NEAs more threatening than they
have ever been.


title: Relativistic mechanism of superconductivity

abstract:
  According to the theory of relativity, the relativistic Coulomb's force
between an electron pair is composed of two parts, the main part is repulsive,
while the rest part can be attractive in certain situations. Thus the
relativistic attraction of an electron pair provides an insight into the
mechanism of superconductivity. In superconductor, there are, probably at
least, two kinds of collective motions which can eliminate the repulsion
between two electrons and let the attraction being dominant, the first is the
combination of lattice and electron gas, accounting for traditional
superconductivity; the second is the electron gas themselves, accounting for
high $T_c$ superconductivity. In usual materials, there is a good balance
between the repulsion and attraction of an electron pair, the electrons are
regarded as free electrons so that Fermi gas theory plays very well. But in
some materials, when the repulsion dominates electron pairs, the electron gas
will has a behavior opposite to superconductivity. In the present paper the
superconducting states are discussed in terms of relativistic quantum theory in
details, some significant results are obtained including quantized magnetic
flux, London equation, Meissner effect and Josephson effect.


title:
Electron Impact Ionization Close to the Threshold: Classical
  Calculations

abstract:
  In this paper we present Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) calculations
for single and multiple electron ionization of Argon atoms and ions in the
threshold region. We are able to recover the Wannier exponents a for the
power-law behavior of the cross section s versus excess energy: the exact value
of the exponent as well as the existence of its saturation for multiple
ionization appear to be related to how the total binding energy is shared
between target electrons.


title: Wick Calculus

abstract:
  In quantum field theory, physicists routinely use "normal ordering" of
operators, which just amounts to shuffling all creation operators to the left.
Potentially confusing, then, is the occurrence in the literature of
normal-ordered functions, sometimes called "Wick transforms". We aim to
introduce the reader to some basic results and ideas around this theme, if not
the mathematical subtleties; our intended audience are instructors who want to
add something to their quantum field theory course, or researchers who are
interested but not specialists in mathematical physics. For rigorous proofs and
careful mathematical discussions we only give references.


title:
Theoretical study of finite temperature spectroscopy in van der Waals
  clusters. I. Probing phase changes in CaAr_n

abstract:
  The photoabsorption spectra of calcium-doped argon clusters CaAr_n are
investigated at thermal equilibrium using a variety of theoretical and
numerical tools. The influence of temperature on the absorption spectra is
estimated using the quantum superposition method for a variety of cluster sizes
in the range 6<=n<=146. At the harmonic level of approximation, the absorption
intensity is calculated through an extension of the Gaussian theory by Wadi and
Pollak [J. Chem. Phys. vol 110, 11890 (1999)]. This theory is tested on simple,
few-atom systems in both the classical and quantum regimes for which highly
accurate Monte Carlo data can be obtained. By incorporating quantum anharmonic
corrections to the partition functions and respective weights of the isomers,
we show that the superposition method can correctly describe the
finite-temperature spectroscopic properties of CaAr_n systems. The use of the
absorption spectrum as a possible probe of isomerization or phase changes in
the argon cluster is discussed at the light of finite-size effects.


title:
Theoretical study of finite temperature spectroscopy in van der Waals
  clusters. II Time-dependent absorption spectra

abstract:
  Using approximate partition functions and a master equation approach, we
investigate the statistical relaxation toward equilibrium in selected CaAr$_n$
clusters. The Gaussian theory of absorption (previous article) is employed to
calculate the average photoabsorption intensity associated with the 4s^2->
4s^14p^1 transition of calcium as a function of time during relaxation. In
CaAr_6 and CaAr_10 simple relaxation is observed with a single time scale.
CaAr_13 exhibits much slower dynamics and the relaxation occurs over two
distinct time scales. CaAr_37 shows much slower relaxation with multiple
transients, reminiscent of glassy behavior due to competition between different
low-energy structures. We interpret these results in terms of the underlying
potential energy surfaces for these clusters.


title:
Theoretical study of the finite temperature spectroscopy in van der
  Waals clusters. III Solvated Chromophore as an effective diatomics

abstract:
  The absorption spectroscopy of calcium-doped argon clusters is described in
terms of an effective diatomics molecule Ca-(Ar_n), in the framework of
semiclassical vertical transitions. We show how, upon choosing a suitable
reaction coordinate, the effective finite-temperature equilibrium properties
can be obtained for the ground- and excited-surfaces from the potential of mean
force (PMF). An extension of the recent multiple range random-walk method is
used to calculate the PMF over continuous intervals of distances. The
absorption spectra calculated using this single-coordinate description are
found to be in good agreement with the spectra obtained from high-statistics
Monte Carlo data, in various situations. For CaAr$_{13}$, we compare the
performances of two different choices of the reaction coordinate. For CaAr_37,
the method is seen to be accurate enough to distinguish between different
low-energy structures. Finally, the idea of casting the initial many-body
problem into a single degree of freedom problem is tested on the spectroscopy
of calcium in bulk solid argon.


title: Prediction of protein secondary structure based on residue pairs

abstract:
  The GOR program for predicting protein secondary structure is extended to
include triple correlation. A score system for a residue pair to be at certain
conformation state is derived from the conditional weight matrix describing
amino acid frequencies at each position of a window flanking the pair under the
condition for the pair to be at the fixed state. A program using this score
system to predict protein secondary structure is established. After training
the model with a learning set created from PDB\_SELECT, the program is tested
with two test sets. As a method using single sequence for predicting secondary
structures, the approach achieves a high accuracy near 70%.


title: BBGKY Dynamics: from Localization to Pattern Formation

abstract:
  A fast and efficient numerical-analytical approach is proposed for modeling
complex behaviour in the BBGKY--hierarchy of kinetic equations. Our
calculations are based on variational and multiresolution approaches in the
basis of polynomial tensor algebras of generalized coherent states/wavelets. We
construct the representation for hierarchy of reduced distribution functions
via the multiscale decomposition in highly-localized eigenmodes. Numerical
modeling shows the creation of various internal structures from localized
modes, which are related to localized or chaotic type of behaviour and the
corresponding patterns (waveletons) formation. The localized pattern is a model
for energy confinement state (fusion) in plasma.

categories: physics.plasm-ph math-ph math.MP nlin.PS


title:
Multiresolution analysis in statistical mechanics. II. The wavelet
  transform as a basis for Monte Carlo simulations on lattices

abstract:
  In this paper, we extend our analysis of lattice systems using the wavelet
transform to systems for which exact enumeration is impractical. For such
systems, we illustrate a wavelet-accelerated Monte Carlo (WAMC) algorithm,
which hierarchically coarse-grains a lattice model by computing the probability
distribution for successively larger block spins. We demonstrate that although
the method perturbs the system by changing its Hamiltonian and by allowing
block spins to take on values not permitted for individual spins, the results
obtained agree with the analytical results in the preceding paper, and
``converge'' to exact results obtained in the absence of coarse-graining.
Additionally, we show that the decorrelation time for the WAMC is no worse than
that of Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC), and that scaling laws can be constructed
from data performed in several short simulations to estimate the results that
would be obtained from the original simulation. Although the algorithm is not
asymptotically faster than traditional MMC, because of its hierarchical design,
the new algorithm executes several orders of magnitude faster than a full
simulation of the original problem. Consequently, the new method allows for
rapid analysis of a phase diagram, allowing computational time to be focused on
regions near phase transitions.


title:
Mesoscale Ocean Altimetry Requirements and Impact of GPS-R measurements
  for Ocean Mesoscale Circulation Mapping

abstract:
  In the framework of the PARIS Beta project, fundamental milestones have been
reached for the definition of future GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System
signal Reflections) altimetry missions (the PARIS concept). The most important
one is the confirmation of the significant impact that GNSS-R data can have on
mesoscale oceanography, as we discuss here. In this report, we first briefly
review the contribution of satellite altimetry to mesoscale oceanography. We
then summarise recent results obtained on the mapping capabilities of existing
and future altimeter missions. From these analyses, refined requirements for
mesoscale ocean altimetry (in terms of space/time sampling and accuracy) are
derived. A review of on-going and planned altimetric missions is then performed
and we analyse how these configurations match the user requirements. Then we
will describe the simulation approach and impact analysis of GPS-R data.


title: Quadrimechanica "Motion:observation and detection"

abstract:
  Classical, Quantum and Relativistic mechanics elect time and space as
fundamentals, extracting the measure of motion -velocity- from this static
space-time platform. Conversely, the timelessness of Statistical mechanics
computes the physical flow as an evolution of (dynamical) states which, at the
end, comes to be what would be denoted as time. Moreover, the general structure
of mechanics is such that the notion of observability is mixed up with that of
measurability. In such a context, ignoring the distinction between "observable
entities" and "measurable quantities", and projecting dynamical objects on a
static background, the measured value of physical entities is taken as the true
or real value of the entity. This contribution emphasises this distinction,
correlating the concepts of "real values" and "experimental values" and
indicating that motion is always underestimated in the spatiotemporal platform;
following a gauge transformation, an argument centred on measurability favours
a relational "non-relativistic" formulation, with potentially analogous
predictions.


title:
Robustness and Enhancement of Neural Synchronization by
  Activity-Dependent Coupling

abstract:
  We study the synchronization of two model neurons coupled through a synapse
having an activity-dependent strength. Our synapse follows the rules of
Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP). We show that this plasticity of the
coupling between neurons produces enlarged frequency locking zones and results
in synchronization that is more rapid and much more robust against noise than
classical synchronization arising from connections with constant strength. We
also present a simple discrete map model that demonstrates the generality of
the phenomenon.


title: Trapped particle bounds on stimulated scatter in the large k/kD regime

abstract:
  In the strongly damped regime, the convective gain rate for stimulated
scatter varies inversely with the plasma wave damping rate. Electron trapping
effects reduce the damping but also lead to loss of resonance for large enough
amplitude waves. This leads to a gain rate bound and corresponding optimum
scattered light frequency and plasma wave amplitude.


title:
The Peculiarities of the Interaction of Phobos with the Solar Wind are
  Evidence of the Phobos Magnetic Obstacle (from Phobos-2 Data)

abstract:
  Using magnetic field and plasma data acquired during "Phobos-2" mission in
regions which have not been explored before, we study the solar wind
interaction with Phobos. The draping magnetic field of the solar wind around
Phobos appears at distances of 200-300 km from the Phobos day-side due to a
density and magnetic field pile up in front of the Phobos obstacle. The nature
of the interaction and the magnetic field signatures observed are consistent
with the ratio of the proton skin depth to the actual size of the Phobos
obstacle to the solar wind. Phobos deflects the flow of the solar wind and the
subsolar stand-off distance of the deflection is about 16-17 Phobos radii.
Source with equivalent magnetic moment M'=10^{15} A m^2 in Phobos leads to the
development of such an obstacle to solar wind flow around Phobos. These data
give a lesson for the study of the interaction of the small, magnetized object
with solar wind.


title:
In Situ Measurements of the Phobos Magnetic Field During the Phobos-2
  Mission

abstract:
  In this communication, we examine in situ observations of the magnetic field
in the vicinity of Phobos on the "Phobos-2" mission and give some analysis of
the data during a unique experiment ``Celestial Mechanics,'' which leads to the
support of evidence of the Phobos magnetic field. In particular, it is
suggested that the peculiarity of the solar wind interaction with Phobos and
rotating direction of the magnetic field obtained on the circular orbits around
Mars are the evidence for the existence of an intrinsic planetary field of
Phobos.


title:
Using nonlocal electrostatics for solvation free energy computations:
  ions and small molecules

abstract:
  Solvation free energy is an important quantity in Computational Chemistry
with a variety of applications, especially in drug discovery and design. The
accurate prediction of solvation free energies of small molecules in water is
still a largely unsolved problem, which is mainly due to the complex nature of
the water-solute interactions. In this letter we develop a scheme for the
determination of the electrostatic contribution to the solvation free energy of
charged molecules based on nonlocal electrostatics involving a minimal
parameter set which in particular allows to introduce atomic radii in a
consistent way. We test our approach on simple ions and small molecules for
which both experimental results and other theoretical descriptions are
available for quantitative comparison. We conclude that our approach is both
physically transparent and quantitatively reliable.