title: Algorithm for Model Validation: Theory and Applications

abstract:
  Validation is often defined as the process of determining the degree to which
a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of
its intended uses. Validation is crucial as industries and governments depend
increasingly on predictions by computer models to justify their decisions. We
propose to formulate the validation of a given model as an iterative
construction process that mimics the often implicit process occurring in the
minds of scientists. We offer a formal representation of the progressive
build-up of trust in the model. We thus replace static claims on the
impossibility of validating a given model by a dynamic process of constructive
approximation. This approach is better adapted to the fuzzy, coarse-grained
nature of validation. Our procedure factors in the degree of redundancy versus
novelty of the experiments used for validation as well as the degree to which
the model predicts the observations. We illustrate the new methodology first
with the maturation of Quantum Mechanics as the arguably best established
physics theory and then with several concrete examples drawn from some of our
primary scientific interests: a cellular automaton model for earthquakes, a
multifractal random walk model for financial time series, an anomalous
diffusion model for solar radiation transport in the cloudy atmosphere, and a
computational fluid dynamics code for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.


title:
Annual change of Pareto index dynamically deduced from the law of
  detailed quasi-balance

abstract:
  Employing data on the assessed value of land in 1983 -- 2005 Japan, we
investigate the dynamical behavior in the high scale region of non-equilibrium
systems. From the detailed quasi-balance and Gibrat's law, we derive a relation
between the change of Pareto index and a symmetry in the detailed
quasi-balance. The relation is confirmed in the empirical data nicely.


title: Progress on a spherical TPC for low energy neutrino detection

abstract:
  The new concept of the spherical TPC aims at relatively large target masses
with low threshold and background, keeping an extremely simple and robust
operation. Such a device would open the way to detect the neutrino-nucleus
interaction, which, although a standard process, remains undetected due to the
low energy of the neutrino-induced nuclear recoils. The progress in the
development of the fist 1 m$^3$ prototype at Saclay is presented. Other physics
goals of such a device could include supernova detection, low energy neutrino
oscillations and study of non-standard properties of the neutrino, among
others.


title:
A forgotten publication of Ettore Majorana on the improvement of the
  Thomas-Fermi statistical model

abstract:
  Ettore Majorana proposed an important improvement to the Thomas-Fermi
statistical model for atoms, with a communication at the general meeting of the
Italian Physical Society, held in Rome, on December 29th, 1928, regularly
published on Nuovo Cimento. This communication did not receive any mention,
neither in the numerous publications of Fermi and his associates on the
subject, nor in the further reconstructions of the life and activity of Ettore
Majorana. The Majorana proposal was not accepted by Enrico Fermi for years, and
forgotten. However, it was finally exploited, without reference, in the 1934
conclusive paper by Fermi and Amaldi on the statistical model for atoms. We
analyze the improved model proposed by Majorana, with the help of unpublished
notes, kept in the Majorana Archives in Pisa. Moreover, we trace the path
leading Fermi to the eventual late acceptance of Majorana improvement, also
with the help of the material in Fermi Archives in Pisa. The conclusion is that
Ettore Majorana played an effective leadership in Rome for the very conceptual
formulation of the statistical model for atoms.


title:
Interaction of scanning probes with semiconductor nanocrystals; Physical
  mechanism and basis for near field optical imaging

abstract:
  We investigate the modification of photoluminescence (PL) from single
semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NCs) in proximity of metal and
semiconducting Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tips. The presence of the tip
alters the radiative decay rate of an emitter via interference and opens
efficient non radiative decay channels via energy transfer to the tip material.
These effects cause quenching (or enhancement) of the emitter's PL intensity,
as a function of its distance from the interacting tip. We take advantage of
this highly distance dependent effect to realize a contrast mechanism for high
resolution optical imaging. AFM tips are optimized as energy acceptors by
chemical functionalization with InAs NCs to achieve optical resolution down to
30 nm. The presented experimental scheme offers high resolution optical
information while maintaining the benefits of traditional AFM imaging. We
directly measure the PL intensity of single NCs as a function of the tip
distance. Our results are in good agreement to calculation made by a classical
theoretical model describing an oscillating dipole interacting with a planar
mirror.


title: Grouping in the stock markets of Japan and Korea

abstract:
  We investigated the temporally evolving network structures of the Japanese
and Korean stock markets through the minimum spanning trees composed of listed
stocks. We tested the validity of conventional grouping by industrial
categories, and found a common trend of decrease for Japan and Korea. This
phenomenon supports the increasing external effects on the markets due to the
globalization of both countries. At last the Korean market are grouped with the
MSCI Korea Index, a good reference for foreigners' trading, in the early 2000s
\cite{Jung2006}. In the Japanese market, this tendency is strengthened more and
more by burst of the bubble in 1990's.


title: Reynolds' Dream?

abstract:
  Equations for correlation functions, here referred to as Reynolds-
Kraichnan-Lewis equations (RKLE), are considered and their wide application is
indicated. Perturbation and non-perturbation solutions are given. To elucidate
a closure problem - various forms of equations are presented. Exact, closed
equations for the projected correlation functions are derived.


title:
Magnetic field induced by elliiptical instability in a rotating tidally
  distorded sphere

abstract:
  It is usually believed that the geo-dynamo of the Earth or more generally of
other planets, is created by the convective fluid motions inside their molten
cores. An alternative to this thermal or compositional convection can however
be found in the inertial waves resonances generated by the eventual precession
of these planets or by the possible tidal distorsions of their liquid cores. We
will review in this paper some of our experimental works devoted to the
elliptical instability and present some new results when the experimental fluid
is a liquid metal. We show in particular that an imposed magnetic field is
distorted by the spin- over mode generated by the elliptical instability. In
our experiment, the field is weak (20 Gauss) and the Lorenz force is negligible
compared to the inertial forces, therefore the magnetic field does not modify
the fluid flow and the pure hydrodynamics growth rates of the instability are
recovered through magnetic measurements.


title:
Demonstration of all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic
  lattices

abstract:
  We demonstrate experimentally all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic
lattices induced optically by three beam interference in a biased
photorefractive crystal. We identify and characterize the key physical
parameters governing the beam steering, and show that the spatial resolution
can be enhanced by the additional effect of nonlinear beam self-localization.


title: Cosmological Singularities

abstract:
  In this expository article we describe the attempt of defining cosmological
singularities and we discuss their meaning in classical and quantum cosmology.


title:
Transition Radiation Spectra of Electrons from 1 to 10 GeV/c in Regular
  and Irregular Radiators

abstract:
  We present measurements of the spectral distribution of transition radiation
generated by electrons of momentum 1 to 10 GeV/c in different radiator types.
We investigate periodic foil radiators and irregular foam and fiber materials.
The transition radiation photons are detected by prototypes of the drift
chambers to be used in the Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) of the ALICE
experiment at CERN, which are filled with a Xe, CO2 (15 %) mixture. The
measurements are compared to simulations in order to enhance the quantitative
understanding of transition radiation production, in particular the momentum
dependence of the transition radiation yield.


title: Elliptical instability of a flow in a rotating shell

abstract:
  A theoretical and experimental study of the spin-over mode induced by the
elliptical instability of a flow contained in a slightly deformed rotating
spherical shell is presented. This geometrical configuration mimics the liquid
rotating cores of planets when deformed by tides coming from neighboring
gravitational bodies. Theoretical estimations for the growth rates and for the
non linear amplitude saturations of the unstable mode are obtained and compared
to experimental data obtained from Laser D\"{o}ppler anemometry measurements.
Visualizations and descriptions of the various characteristics of the
instability are given as functions of the flow parameter.


title: Conceptual design of a phase shifting telescope-interferometer

abstract:
  This paper deals with the theoretical principle and optical design of a
phase-shifting telescope-interferometer. What is called a
"Telescope-Interferometer" (T-I) is indeed a novel, recently proposed Wavefront
Error (WFE) sensing technique, whose basic idea consists in combining the main
pupil of a telescope with a second, off-axis reference arm. Then a weak
modulation of the Point Spread Function (PSF) is generated at the focal plane,
allowing for direct phase measurements. We propose a notable improvement of the
method, inspired from classical principles of phase shifting interferometry.
Herein are presented the alternative principle and its achievable measurement
accuracy. The technique shows high performance excepted on narrow areas located
near the pupil boundary. It is applicable to both ground or space telescopes
and is suitable for the co-phasing of segmented mirrors, which is of prime
importance in view of future giant telescope projects.


title:
Evolutionary search agents in complex landscapes - a new model for the
  role of competence and meta-competence (EVOLINO and other simulation tools)

abstract:
  The acquisition of competence is a key element in the ability to assert
oneself in the complex and rapidly changing modern worlds of work. This paper
examines the evolution of competence, i.e. the role of competences in an
evolutionary problem-solving process, and the role of flexibility as a
meta-competence from the perspective of the general concept of
Geometrically-Oriented Evolution THEory (G_O_E_THE).
  We use evolutionary search agents as abstract models of real individuals and
groups. In a first approach the agents search for better competence profiles.
In a second approach they use competences to solve problems. A search agent
operates in an abstract value landscape, a fitness landscape. The crucial
difference between the evolutionary search agents and other agent models is the
fact that interaction patterns of the new agents incorporate evolutionary
search strategies.
  A special simulation tool called EVOLINO allows to simulate the hill-climbing
process of search agents in complex landscapes.


title: Position Reconstruction in Drift Chambers operated with Xe, CO2 (15%)

abstract:
  We present measurements of position and angular resolution of drift chambers
operated with a Xe,CO$_2$(15%) mixture. The results are compared to Monte Carlo
simulations and important systematic effects, in particular the dispersive
nature of the absorption of transition radiation and non-linearities, are
discussed. The measurements were carried out with prototype drift chambers of
the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector, but our findings can be generalized to
other drift chambers with similar geometry, where the electron drift is
perpendicular to the wire planes.


title:
Statistical properties of the radiation from VUV FEL at DESY operating
  at 30 nm wavelength in the femtosecond regime

abstract:
  Since spring, 2005 vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL) at DESY
operates as user facility in the wavelength range around 30 nm. Electron beam
formation system at the VUV FEL is essentially nonlinear and naturally results
in a formation of a short high-current leading peak in the density distribution
that produces FEL radiation. The main feature of the femtosecond mode of
operation of the VUV FEL is the production of short, down to 20 fs radiation
pulses with GW-level peak power. This paper is devoted to detailed studies of
the short-pulse effects in the VUV FEL at DESY operating in the femtosecond
regime, and to analysis of first experimental results.


title: Short-pulse photoassociation in rubidium below the D$_1$ line

abstract:
  Photoassociation of two ultracold rubidium atoms and the subsequent formation
of stable molecules in the singlet ground and lowest triplet states is
investigated theoretically. The method employs laser pulses inducing
transitions via excited states correlated to the $5S+5P_{1/2}$ asymptote.
Weakly bound molecules in the singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be
created by a single pulse while the formation of more deeply bound molecules
requires a two-color pump-dump scenario. More deeply bound molecules in the
singlet ground or lowest triplet state can be produced only if efficient
mechanisms for both pump and dump steps exist. While long-range
$1/R^3$-potentials allow for efficient photoassociation, stabilization is
facilitated by the resonant spin-orbit coupling of the $0_u^+$ states.
Molecules in the singlet ground state bound by a few wavenumbers can thus be
formed. This provides a promising first step toward ground state molecules
which are ultracold in both translational and vibrational degrees of freedom.


title:
Efficient Data Assimilation for Spatiotemporal Chaos: a Local Ensemble
  Transform Kalman Filter

abstract:
  Data assimilation is an iterative approach to the problem of estimating the
state of a dynamical system using both current and past observations of the
system together with a model for the system's time evolution. Rather than
solving the problem from scratch each time new observations become available,
one uses the model to ``forecast'' the current state, using a prior state
estimate (which incorporates information from past data) as the initial
condition, then uses current data to correct the prior forecast to a current
state estimate. This Bayesian approach is most effective when the uncertainty
in both the observations and in the state estimate, as it evolves over time,
are accurately quantified. In this article, we describe a practical method for
data assimilation in large, spatiotemporally chaotic systems. The method is a
type of ``ensemble Kalman filter'', in which the state estimate and its
approximate uncertainty are represented at any given time by an ensemble of
system states. We discuss both the mathematical basis of this approach and its
implementation; our primary emphasis is on ease of use and computational speed
rather than improving accuracy over previously published approaches to ensemble
Kalman filtering. We include some numerical results demonstrating the
efficiency and accuracy of our implementation for assimilating real atmospheric
data with the global forecast model used by the U.S. National Weather Service.


title:
Taming the Gerrymander--Statistical Physics Approach to Political
  Districting Problem

abstract:
  The Political Districting Problem is mapped to a $q$-state Potts model in
which the constraints can be written as interactions between sites or external
fields acting on the system. Districting into $q$ voter districts is equivalent
to finding the ground state of this $q$-state Potts model. We illustrate this
by districting Taipei city in its 2008 Legislature Election. Statistical
properties of the model are also studied.


title:
Explicit Representations for the T-Matrix on Unphysical Energy Sheets
  and Resonances in Two- and Three-Body Systems

abstract:
  We discuss the structure of the two- and three-body T-matrices, scattering
matrices, and resolvents continued to the unphysical energy sheets. Our
conclusions arise due to the representations that have been found for
analytically continued momentum-space kernels of the T-operators. These
representations are explicitly written only in terms of the physical-sheet
kernels of the T-matrix itself. One of advantages of the representations in the
three-body case is that they show which portions of the physical-sheet
three-body scattering matrix are ``responsible'' for the resonances associated
with a particular unphysical sheet. A resonance appears to be the energy where
the correspondingly truncated scattering matrix (taken on the physical sheet)
has eigenvalue zero. We also mention applications of this approach to some
specific three-body systems, based on the Faddeev differential equations.

categories: physics.atm-clus math-ph math.MP nucl-th


title: Coupled dynamics of atoms and radiation pressure driven interferometers

abstract:
  We consider the motion of the end mirror of a cavity in whose standing wave
mode pattern atoms are trapped. The atoms and the light field strongly couple
to each other because the atoms form a distributed Bragg mirror with a
reflectivity that can be fairly high. We analyze how the dipole potential in
which the atoms move is modified due to this backaction of the atoms. We show
that the position of the atoms can become bistable. These results are of a more
general nature and can be applied to any situation where atoms are trapped in
an optical lattice inside a cavity and where the backaction of the atoms on the
light field cannot be neglected. We analyze the dynamics of the coupled system
in the adiabatic limit where the light field adjusts to the position of the
atoms and the light field instantaneously and where the atoms move much faster
than the mirror. We calculate the side band spectrum of the light transmitted
through the cavity and show that these spectra can be used to detect the
coupled motion of the atoms and the mirror.

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat.other physics.optics quant-ph


title:
The quantization of energy in the harmonic-oscillator potential: Power
  series solution

abstract:
  We write a computer program that uses the recursion relation to calculate
wave function in the harmonic-oscillator potential for specified values of E/hv
(with its deviation 0.001) containing only even numbers of v (0,2,4,...). In
this work, differential equations are solved by power series methods, i.e. the
Schrodinger equation stationary state wavefunction of the harmonic-oscillator.
This technique is applied to obtain the wavefunction of the quantum harmonic
oscillator and is at a more sophisticated level than elsewhere in the course of
quantum physics. For the able student this can be a worthwhile extension to the
work on the harmonic-oscillator.


title: Laser cooling of trapped ytterbium ions with an ultraviolet diode laser

abstract:
  We demonstrate an ultraviolet diode laser system for cooling of trapped
ytterbium ions. The laser power and linewidth are comparable to previous
systems based on resonant frequency doubling, but the system is simpler, more
robust, and less expensive. We use the laser system to cool small numbers of
ytterbium ions confined in a linear Paul trap. From the observed spectra, we
deduce final temperatures < 270 mK.


title: Acoustic identification of a poroelastic cylinder

abstract:
  We show how to cope with the acoustic identification of poroelastic materials
when the specimen is in the form of a cylinder. We apply our formulation, based
on the Biot model, approximated by the equivalent elastic solid model, to a
long bone-like or borehole sample specimen probed by low frequency sound.


title:
Spatial Coupling of a Lattice Boltzmann fluid model with a Finite
  Difference Navier-Stokes solver

abstract:
  In multiscale, multi-physics applications, there is an increasing need for
coupling numerical solvers that are each applied to a different part of the
problem. Here we consider the case of coupling a Lattice Boltzmann fluid model
and a Finite Difference Navier-Stokes solver. The coupling is implemented so
that the entire computational domain can be divided in two regions, with the FD
solver running on one of them and the LB one on the other.
  We show how the various physical quantities of the two approaches should be
related to ensure a smooth transition at the interface between the regions. We
demonstrate the feasibility of the method on the Poiseuille flow, where the LB
and FD schemes are used on adjacent sub-domains.
  The same idea can be also developed to couple LB models with Finite Volumes,
or Finite Elements calculations.
  The motivation for developing such a type of coupling is that, depending on
the geometry of the flow, one technique can be more efficient, less memory
consuming, or physically more appropriate than the other in some regions (e.g.
near the boundaries), whereas the converse is true for other parts of the same
system. We can also imagine that a given system solved, say by FD, can be
augmented in some spatial regions with a new physical process that is better
treated by a LB model. Our approach allows us to only modify the concerned
region without altering the rest of the computation.


title:
Tuning quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal fibers for zero
  group-velocity mismatch

abstract:
  We consider an index-guiding silica photonic crystal fiber with a triangular
air-hole structure and a poled quadratic nonlinearity. By tuning the pitch and
the relative hole size, second-harmonic generation with zero group-velocity
mismatch is found for any fundamental wavelength above 780 nm. The
phase-velocity mismatch has a lower limit with coherence lengths in the micron
range. The dimensionless nonlinear parameter is inversely proportional to the
pitch and proportional to the relative hole size. Selected cases show
bandwidths suitable for 20 fs pulse-conversion with conversion efficiencies as
high as 25%/mW.


title:
Forecasting Convective Downburst Potential Over The United States Great
  Plains

abstract:
  A favorable environment for downbursts associated with deep convective storm
systems that occur over the central and eastern continental United States
includes strong static instability with large amounts of convective available
potential energy and the presence of a mid-tropospheric layer of dry air.
However, previous research has identified that over the central United States,
especially in the Great Plains region, an environment between that favorable
for wet and dry microbursts may exist during the convective season, resulting
in the generation of hybrid type microbursts. Hybrid microbursts have been
found to originate from deep convective storms that generate heavy
precipitation, with sub-cloud evaporation of precipitation a significant factor
in downdraft acceleration. Accordingly, a new GOES sounder derived product, the
GOES Hybrid Microburst Index, is under development and is designed to assess
the potential for convective downbursts that develop in an intermediate
environment between a wet type, associated with heavy precipitation, and a dry
type associated with convection in which very little to no precipitation is
observed at the surface.


title:
Enhanced surface plasmon resonance absorption in metal-dielectric-metal
  layered microspheres

abstract:
  We present a theoretical study of the dispersion relation of surface plasmon
resonances of mesoscopic metal-dielectric-metal microspheres. By analyzing the
solutions to Maxwell's equations, we obtain a simple geometric condition for
which the system exhibits a band of surface plasmon modes whose resonant
frequencies are weakly dependent on the multipole number. Using a modified Mie
calculation, we find that a large number of modes belonging to this
flat-dispersion band can be excited simultaneously by a plane wave, thus
enhancing the absorption cross-section. We demonstrate that the enhanced
absorption peak of the sphere is geometrically tunable over the entire visible
range.


title: Generalized relativistic velocity addition with spacetime algebra

abstract:
  Using spacetime algebra, the geometric algebra of spacetime, the general
problem of relativistic addition of velocities is addressed. The successive
application of non-collinear Lorentz boosts is then studied in Minkowski
spacetime. Even spatial vectors, such as the relative velocity of two reference
frames, are analyzed in their proper setting: as vectors belonging to a
four-dimensional spacetime manifold and not as vectors in ordinary
three-dimensional (Euclidean) space. This is a clear and physical result that
illustrates the fact that Lorentz boosts do not form a group. The entire
derivation is carried through without using the second postulate on the speed
of light, thereby stressing that the framework of special relativity does not
depend on electromagnetism.


title:
Enhanced transmission of optically thick metallic films at infrared
  wavelengths

abstract:
  For an optically thick metallic film, the transmission for both s- and
p-polarized waves is extremely low. If the metallic film is coated on both
sides with a finite dielectric layer, light transmission for $p$-polarized
waves can be enhanced considerably. This enhancement is not related to surface
plasmon-polaritions. Instead, it is due to the interplay between Fabry-Perot
interference in the coated dielectric layer and the existence of the Brewster
angle at the dielectric/metallic interface. It is shown that the coated
metallic films can act as excellent polarizers at infrared wavelengths.


title:
Positive-, negative-, and orthogonal-phase-velocity propagation of
  electromagnetic plane waves in a simply moving medium

abstract:
  Planewave propagation in a simply moving, dielectric-magnetic medium that is
isotropic in the co-moving reference frame, is classified into three different
categories: positive-, negative-, and orthogonal-phase-velocity (PPV, NPV, and
OPV). Calculations from the perspective of an observer located in a
non-co-moving reference frame show that, whether the nature of planewave
propagation is PPV or NPV (or OPV in the case of nondissipative mediums)
depends strongly upon the magnitude and direction of that observer's velocity
relative to the medium. PPV propagation is characterized by a positive real
wavenumber, NPV propagation by a negative real wavenumber. OPV propagation only
occurs for nondissipative mediums, but weakly dissipative mediums can support
nearly OPV propagation.


title: On a separation criterion for symmetric elliptic bluff body flows

abstract:
  A new analytical criterion that captures the onset of separation of flow past
elliptic cylinders is derived by considering the variation of the wall normal
velocity in Reynolds number parameter space. It is shown that this criterion
can be used to calculate the separation Reynolds number Re_s for the classical
problem of flow past a circular cylinder, a contentious and unresolved issue
till date. The two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved
computationally and an exact value of Re_s is obtained by applying the
aforementioned criterion.


title: Polygons on a Rotating Fluid Surface

abstract:
  We report a novel and spectacular instability of a fluid surface in a
rotating system. In a flow driven by rotating the bottom plate of a partially
filled, stationary cylindrical container, the shape of the free surface can
spontaneously break the axial symmetry and assume the form of a polygon
rotating rigidly with a speed different from that of the plate. With water we
have observed polygons with up to 6 corners. It has been known for many years
that such flows are prone to symmetry breaking, but apparently the polygonal
surface shapes have never been observed. The creation of rotating internal
waves in a similar setup was observed for much lower rotation rates, where the
free surface remains essentially flat. We speculate that the instability is
caused by the strong azimuthal shear due to the stationary walls and that it is
triggered by minute wobbling of the rotating plate. The slight asymmetry
induces a tendency for mode-locking between the plate and the polygon, where
the polygon rotates by one corner for each complete rotation of the plate.


title:
Conceptual Design for a Polarized Proton-Antiproton Collider Facility at
  Gsi

abstract:
  Two possible options of polarized proton-antiproton collider at the future
HESR storage ring are considered. It is shown that the modifications of the
present HESR project which are needed to arrange for the polarized
proton-antiproton collisions are relatively moderate. An achievable luminosity
of 5x10^31 cm^-2 sec^-1 will provide a possibility to carry out experiments in
the CM energy range 10-30 GeV, a particularly interesting option for Drell-Yan
physics.


title:
On a heuristic point regarding the origin of tachyons and a revamped
  definition for them

abstract:
  As it follows from the classical analysis of the data, the paper is intended
to solve one of the main problems in the physics of tachyons, they are having
imaginary mass. Further we use quantum mechanics to deal with the matters
concerning the particle. The paper also considers the physical viability of
tachyons in real world. The paper also considers the natural occurrence and
persistence of tachyons


title: Comunicare Fisica all'americana

abstract:
  I survey motivations for education and outreach initiatives in the American
context and explore the value of communicating physics for physicists and for
the wider society. I describe the roles of large institutions, professional
organizations, and funding agencies and cite some individual actions, local
activities, and coordinated national programs. I note the emergence of
transnational enterprises--not only to carry out research, but to communicate
physics. A brief appendix collects some useful internet resources.


title:
Quantum Anomaly Dissociation of Quasibound States Near the Saddle-Point
  Ionization Limit of a Rydberg Electron in Crossed Electric and Magnetic
  Fields

abstract:
  In the combination of crossed electric and magnetic fields and the Coulomb
field of the atomic nucleus the spectrum of the Rydberg electron in the
vicinity of the Stark saddle-point are investigated at a quantum mechanical
level. The results expose a quantum anomaly dissociation: quasibound states
near and above the saddle-point ionization limit predicted at the
semi-classical level disappear at a quantum mechanical level.


title:
An original image slicer designed for Integral Field Spectroscopy with
  NIRSpec/JSWT

abstract:
  Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) provides a spectrum simultaneously for each
spatial sample of an extended, two-dimensional field. It consists of an
Integral Field Unit (IFU) which slices and re-arranges the initial field along
the entrance slit of a spectrograph. This article presents an original design
of IFU based on the advanced image slicer concept. To reduce optical
aberrations, pupil and slit mirrors are disposed in a fan-shaped configuration
that means that angles between incident and reflected beams on each elements
are minimized. The fan-shaped image slicer improves image quality in terms of
wavefront error by a factor 2 comparing with classical image slicer and,
furthermore it guaranties a negligible level of differential aberration in the
field. As an exemple, we are presenting the design LAM used for its proposal at
the NIRSPEC/IFU invitation of tender.


title:
The effects of the pre-pulse on capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet
  laser

abstract:
  In the past few years collisionally pumped extreme ultraviolet (XUV) lasers
utilizing a capillary discharge were demonstrated. An intense current pulse is
applied to a gas filled capillary, inducing magnetic collapse (Z-pinch) and
formation of a highly ionized plasma column. Usually, a small current pulse
(pre-pulse) is applied to the gas in order to pre-ionize it prior to the onset
of the main current pulse. In this paper we investigate the effects of the
pre-pulse on a capillary discharge Ne-like Ar XUV laser (46.9nm). The
importance of the pre-pulse in achieving suitable initial conditions of the gas
column and preventing instabilities during the collapse is demonstrated.
Furthermore, measurements of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)
properties (intensity, duration) in different pre-pulse currents revealed
unexpected sensitivity. Increasing the pre-pulse current by a factor of two
caused the ASE intensity to decrease by an order of magnitude - and to nearly
disappear. This effect is accompanied by a slight increase in the lasing
duration. We attribute this effect to axial flow in the gas during the
pre-pulse.


title: Particle Detector R&D

abstract:
  Recent results on the particle detector R&D for new accelerators are
reviewed. Different approaches for the muon systems, hadronic and
electromagnetic calorimeters, particle identification devices, and central
trackers are discussed. Main emphasis is made on the detectors for the
International Linear Collider and Super B-factory. A detailed description of a
novel photodetector, a so called Silicon Photomultiplier, and its applications
in scintillator detectors is presented.


title:
The Growth of Business Firms: Theoretical Framework and Empirical
  Evidence

abstract:
  We introduce a model of proportional growth to explain the distribution of
business firm growth rates. The model predicts that the distribution is
exponential in the central part and depicts an asymptotic power-law behavior in
the tails with an exponent 3. Because of data limitations, previous studies in
this field have been focusing exclusively on the Laplace shape of the body of
the distribution. In this article, we test the model at different levels of
aggregation in the economy, from products to firms to countries, and we find
that the model's predictions agree with empirical growth distributions and
size-variance relationships.


title: Deep-water internal solitary waves near critical density ratio

abstract:
  Bifurcations of solitary waves propagating along the interface between two
ideal fluids are considered. The study is based on a Hamiltonian approach. It
concentrates on values of the density ratio close to a critical one, where the
supercritical bifurcation changes to the subcritical one. As the solitary wave
velocity approaches the minimum phase velocity of linear interfacial waves (the
bifurcation point), the solitary wave solutions transform into envelope
solitons. In order to describe their behavior and bifurcations, a generalized
nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation describing the behavior of solitons and
their bifurcations is derived. In comparison with the classical NLS equation
this equation takes into account three additional nonlinear terms: the
so-called Lifshitz term responsible for pulse steepening, a nonlocal term
analogous to that first found by Dysthe for gravity waves and the six-wave
interaction term. We study both analytically and numerically two solitary wave
families of this equation for values of the density ratio $\rho$ that are both
above and below the critical density ratio $\rho_{cr}$. For $\rho>\rho_{cr}$,
the soliton solution can be found explicitly at the bifurcation point. The
maximum amplitude of such a soliton is proportional to $\sqrt{\rho-\rho_{cr}}$,
and at large distances the soliton amplitude decays algebraically. A stability
analysis shows that solitons below the critical ratio are stable in the
Lyapunov sense in the wide range of soliton parameters. Above the critical
density ratio solitons are shown to be unstable with respect to finite
perturbations.


title:
A Study of the Operation of Especially Designed Photosensitive Gaseous
  Detectors at Cryogenic Temperatures

abstract:
  In some experiments and applications there is need for large-area
photosensitive detectors to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, vacuum
PMs are usually used for this purpose. We have developed special designs of
planar photosensitive gaseous detectors able to operate at cryogenic
temperatures. Such detectors are much cheaper PMs and are almost insensitive to
magnetic fields. Results of systematic measurements of their quantum
efficiencies, the maximum achievable gains and long-term stabilities will be
presented. The successful operation of these detectors open realistic
possibilities in replacing PMs by photosensitive gaseous detectors in some
applications dealing with cryogenic liquids; for example in experiments using
noble liquid TPCs or noble liquid scintillating calorimeters.


title:
On the Bergman-Milton bounds for the homogenization of dielectric
  composite materials

abstract:
  The Bergman-Milton bounds provide limits on the effective permittivity of a
composite material comprising two isotropic dielectric materials. These provide
tight bounds for composites arising from many conventional materials. We
reconsider the Bergman-Milton bounds in light of the recent emergence of
metamaterials, in which unconventional parameter ranges for relative
permittivities are encountered. Specifically, it is demonstrated that: (a) for
nondissipative materials the bounds may be unlimited if the constituent
materials have relative permittivities of opposite signs; (b) for weakly
dissipative materials characterized by relative permittivities with real parts
of opposite signs, the bounds may be exceedingly large.


title:
Auto-correlation Function Analysis of Scattered Light Intensity at
  Different Scattering Angles

abstract:
  In this work, the effects of the scattering angle on the nonexponentiality of
the normalized time auto-correlation function of the scattered light intensity
$g^{(2)}(\tau) $ are investigated using dilute Poly($N$-isopropylacrylamide)
microgel and standard polystyrene latex samples in dispersion respectively. The
results show that the influences of the scattering angle on the deviation
between an exponentiality and $% g^{(2)}(\tau) $ are small. With the assistance
of the simulated data of $g^{(2)}(\tau) $, the effects of the particle size
distribution and scattering angle on the deviation between an exponentiality
and $g^{(2)}(\tau) $ are explored. The analysis reveals that the
nonexponentiality of $% g^{(2)}(\tau) $ is determined by the particle size
distribution and scattering angle. In general, the influences of the particle
size distribution are small on the nonexponentiality of $g^{(2)}(\tau) $ and
very large on the initial slope of the logarithm of $g^{(2)}(\tau) $ and the
effects of the scattering angle are determined by the particle size
distribution and mean particle size. Under some conditions, the deviation
between an exponentiality and $g^{(2)}(\tau) $ is greatly influenced by the
scattering angle. The values of the apparent hydrodynamic radius are also
determined by the particle size distribution and scattering angle. The apparent
hydrodynamic radius and its distribution obtained using the cumulants method
are different from the hydrodynamic radius and its distribution.


title: Three-atom scattering via the Faddeev scheme in configuration space

abstract:
  Faddeev equations in configuration space and integral form for three-atom
scattering processes are formulated allowing for additive and nonadditive
forces. The explicit partial wave decomposition is displayed. This formulation
appears to be a valuable alternative to current approaches based on
hyperspherical harmonic expansion methods of the Schr\"odinger equation.


title: A Review of Recent Studies of Geographical Scale-Free Networks

abstract:
  The scale-free (SF) structure that commonly appears in many complex networks
is one of the hot topics related to social, biological, and information
sciences. The self-organized generation mechanisms are expected to be useful
for efficient communication or robust connectivity in socio-technological
infrastructures. This paper is the first review of geographical SF network
models. We discuss the essential generation mechanisms to induce the structure
with power-law behavior and the properties of planarity and link length. The
distributed designs of geographical SF networks without the crossing and
long-range links that cause the interference and dissipation problems are very
important for many applications such as in the Internet, power-grid, mobile,
and sensor systems.


title:
South Atlantic continental margins of Africa: a comparison of the
  tectonic vs climate interplay on the evolution of equatorial west Africa and
  SW Africa margins

abstract:
  The comparative review of 2 representative segments of Africa continental
margin: the equatorial western Africa and the SW Africa margins, helps in
analysing the main controlling factors on their development. Early Cretaceous
active rifting S of the Walvis Ridge resulted in the formation of the SW Africa
volcanic margin. The non-volcanic rifting N of the Walvis ridge, led to the
formation of the equatorial western Africa margin, with thick and extensive,
synrift basins. Regressive erosion of SW Africa prominent shoulder uplift
accounts for high clastic sedimentation rate in Late Cretaceous - Eocene, while
dominant carbonate production on equatorial western Africa shelf suggests
little erosion of a low hinterland. The early Oligocene climate change had
contrasted response in both margins. Emplacement of the Congo deep-sea fan
reflects increased erosion in equatorial Africa, under the influence of wet
climate, whereas establishment of an arid climate over SW Africa induced a
drastic decrease of denudation, and thus reduced sedimentation on the margin.
Neogene emplacement of the African superswell beneath S. Africa renewed onshore
uplift on both margins, but it accelerated erosion only in the Congo catchment,
due to wetter climate. Neogene high sedimentation rate reactivated
gravitational tectonics that had remained quiescent since late Cretaceous.


title: Special relativity with clock synchronization

abstract:
  We present an introduction to special relativity kinematics stressing the
part played by clocks synchronized following a procedure proposed by Einstein.


title: A model of laminated wave turbulence

abstract:
  A model of laminated wave turbulence is presented. This model consists of two
co-existing layers - one with continuous waves' spectra, covered by KAM theory
and Kolmogorov-like power spectra, and one with discrete waves' spectra,
covered by discrete classes of waves and Clipping method. Some known laboratory
experiments and numerical simulations are explained in the frame of this model.


title: A ring trap for ultracold atoms

abstract:
  We propose a new kind of toroidal trap, designed for ultracold atoms. It
relies on a combination of a magnetic trap for rf-dressed atoms, which creates
a bubble-like trap, and a standing wave of light. This new trap is well suited
for investigating questions of low dimensionality in a ring potential. We study
the trap characteristics for a set of experimentally accessible parameters. A
loading procedure from a conventional magnetic trap is also proposed. The
flexible nature of this new ring trap, including an adjustable radius and
adjustable transverse oscillation frequencies, will allow the study of
superfluidity in variable geometries and dimensionalities.


title:
Direct Imaging of Periodic Sub-wavelength Patterns of Total Atomic
  Density

abstract:
  Interference fringes of total atomic density with period $\lambda /4$ and
$\lambda /2$ for optical wavelength $\lambda$, have been produced in de Broglie
atom interferometer and directly imaged by means of an ``optical mask''
technique. The imaging technique allowed us to observe sub-wavelength periodic
patterns with a resolution of $\lambda /16$. The quantum dynamics near the
interference times as a function of the recoil phase and pulse areas has been
investigated.


title: Dynamically controlled toroidal and ring-shaped magnetic traps

abstract:
  We present traps with toroidal $(T^{2})$ and ring-shaped topologies, based on
adiabatic potentials for radio-frequency dressed Zeeman states in a ring-shaped
magnetic quadrupole field. Simple adjustment of the radio-frequency fields
provides versatile possibilities for dynamical parameter tuning, topology
change, and controlled potential perturbation. We show how to induce toroidal
and poloidal rotations, and demonstrate the feasibility of preparing degenerate
quantum gases with reduced dimensionality and periodic boundary conditions. The
great level of dynamical and even state dependent control is useful for atom
interferometry.


title: Chiral quantum mechanics (CQM) for antihydrogen systems

abstract:
  A first deception of QM on antiH already appears in one-center integrals for
two-center systems (G. Van Hooydonk, physics/0511115). In reality, full QM is a
theory for chiral systems but the QM establishment was wrong footed with a
permutation of reference frames. With chiral quantum mechanics (CQM), the
theoretical ban on natural antiH must be lifted as soon as possible.


title: Quantum scattering problem without partial-wave analysis

abstract:
  We have suggested a method for treating different quantum few-body dynamics
without usual partial-wave analysis. With this approach new results were
obtained in the physics of ultracold atom-atom collisions and ionization and
excitation/deexitation of helium ions. The developed computational scheme opens
new possibilities for analysis the actual problem of ultracold atom
wave-packets collisions in strong laser or magnetic confinement.


title:
Analysis of airplane boarding via space-time geometry and random matrix
  theory

abstract:
  We show that airplane boarding can be asymptotically modeled by 2-dimensional
Lorentzian geometry. Boarding time is given by the maximal proper time among
curves in the model. Discrepancies between the model and simulation results are
closely related to random matrix theory. We then show how such models can be
used to explain why some commonly practiced airline boarding policies are
ineffective and even detrimental.


title: Evaporating Drops of Alkane Mixtures

abstract:
  Alkane mixtures are model systems where the influence of surface tension
gradients during the spreading and the evaporation of wetting drops can be
easily studied. The surface tension gradients are mainly induced by
concentration gradients, mass diffusion being a stabilising process. Depending
on the relative concentration of the mixture, a rich pattern of behaviours is
obtained.


title:
A Table of Third and Fourth Order Feynman Diagrams of the Interacting
  Fermion Green's Function

abstract:
  The Feynman diagrams of the Green's function expansion of fermions
interacting with a non-relativistic 2-body interaction are displayed in first,
second and third order of the interaction as 2, 10 and 74 diagrams,
respectively. A name convention for the diagrams is proposed and then used to
tabulate the 706 diagrams of fourth order. The Hartree-Fock approximation
summons up 2, 8, 40 and 224 of them, respectively.


title:
Time Reversal Communication in Rayleigh-Fading Broadcast Channels with
  Pinholes

abstract:
  The paper presents an analysis of the time reversal in independent-multipath
Rayleigh-fading channels with $N$ inputs (transmitters) and $M$ outputs
(receivers).
  The main issues addressed are the condition of statistical stability, the
rate of information transfer and the effect of pinholes. The stability
condition is proved to be
  $MC\ll N_{\rm eff}B$ for broadband channels and
  $M\ll N_{\rm eff}$ for narrowband channels where $C$ is the symbol rate,
  $B$ is the bandwidth and $N_{\rm eff}$ is the {\em effective} number (maybe
less than 1) of transmitters. It is shown that when the number of screens,
$n-1$, is relatively low compared to the logarithm of numbers of pinholes
$N_{\rm eff}$ is given by the {\em harmonic} (or {\em inverse}) {\em sum} of
the number of transmitters and the numbers of pinholes at all screens.
  The novel idea of the effective number of time reversal array (TRA) elements
is introduced to derive the stability condition and estimate the channel
capacity in the presence of multi-screen pinholes. The information rate, under
the constraints of the noise power $\nu$ per unit frequency and the average
total power $P$, attains the supremum $P/\nu$ in the regime $M\wedge N_{\rm
eff}\gg P/(\nu B)$. In particular, when $N_{\rm eff}\gg M\gg P/(B\nu)$ the
optimal information rate can be achieved with statistically stable, sharply
focused signals.


title: The role of magnetic flux and wall current drain on anomalous diffusion

abstract:
  A theoretical analysis of the anomalous diffusion transport mechanism
suggests a possible connection between wall current drain and magnetic flux
through the orbital trajectories of charged particles in a plasma submitted to
a strong magnetic field. Then Bohm diffusion coefficient is straightforwardly
obtained.


title: Wave Functions of Heliumlike Systems in Limiting Regions

abstract:
  We find approximate analytical presentation of the solutions $\Psi(r_1, r_2,
r_{12})$ of Schr\"odinger equation for two-electron system bound by the
nucleus, in the space region $r_{1,2}=0$ and $r_{12}=0$ that are of great
importance for a number of physical processes. The presentation is based on the
well known behavior of $\Psi(r_1, r_2, r_{12})$ near the singulartriple
coalescence point. The approximate functions are compared to the locally
correct ones obtained earlier by the Correlation Function Hyperspherical
Harmonic (CFHH) method for helium atom, light heliumlike ions and for the
negative ion of hydrogen $H^-$. The functions are shown to determine a natural
basis for the expansion of CFHH functions in the considered space region. We
demonstrate, how these approximate functions simplify the calculations of the
high energy ionization processes.


title: The Cosmic Organism Theory

abstract:
  We present the cosmic organism theory in which all visible and invisible
matter has different cosmic genetic expressions. The cosmic gene includes codes
for the object structure and the space structure. The cosmic digital code for
the object structure consists of full object (1, 2, and 3 for particle, string,
and membrane, respectively) and empty object (0) as anti de Sitter space (AdS).
The tessellation lattice of empty objects is tessellattice. The decomposition
of a full object in tessellattice results in the AdS/CFT (conformal field
theory) duality. The digital code for the object structure accounts for the
AdS/CFT duality, the dS/bulk duality, and gravity. The digital code for the
space structure consists of 1 and 0 for attachment space and detachment space,
respectively. Attachment space attaches to object permanently at zero speed or
reversibly at the speed of light. Detachment space detaches from the object
irreversibly at the speed of light. The combination of attachment space and
detachment space results in miscible space, binary lattice space or binary
partition space. Miscible space represents special relativity. Binary lattice
space consists of multiple quantized units of attachment space separated from
one another by detachment space. Binary lattice space corresponds to the
nilpotent universal computational rewrite system (NUCRS) by Diaz and Rowlands.
The gauge force fields and wavefunction are in binary lattice space. With
tessellattice and binary lattice space, 11D brane is reducing to 4D particle
surrounded by gravity and the gauge force fields. The cosmic dimension varies
due to different speeds of light in different dimensional space-times and the
increase of mass.


title:
Simulation and hit reconstruction of irradiated pixel sensors for the
  CMS experiment

abstract:
  In this paper a detailed simulation of irradiated pixel sensors was used to
investigate the effects of radiation damage on the position determination and
optimize the hit reconstruction algorithms. The simulation implements a model
of radiation damage by including two defect levels with opposite charge states
and trapping of charge carriers. The simulation shows that a position
resolution below 15 $\mu$m along the CMS $r-\phi$ plane can be achieved after
an irradiation fluence of $5.9\times10^{14}$ n$_{\rm{eq}}/$cm$^2$. In addition,
we show that systematic errors in the position determination can be largely
reduced by applying $\eta$ corrections.


title:
Mechanism of cell inactivation by different ions: Damage induction
  probabilities per single tracks

abstract:
  Biological effects of proton and light ion irradiations have been studied in
detail by analyzing published cell survival data with the help of the
probabilistic two-stage radiobiological model. Probabilities of single ion
tracks to induce lesions of different severity have been assessed in dependence
on their linear energy transfer (LET). The results are presented and their
interpretation in terms of $Z_{eff}^2/\beta^2$ (the effective charge over
velocity squared) is discussed.


title: Towards biology-oriented treatment planning in hadrontherapy

abstract:
  By representing damage induction by ionizing particles and its repair by the
cell, the probabilistic two-stage model provides a detailed description of the
main processes involved in cell killing by radiation. To link this model with
issues of interest in hadron radiotherapy, a simple physical model is used.
Energy loss, its straggling, and the attenuation of the primary particle
fluence are represented in a simplified way, based on semi-phenomenological
formulas and energy-loss tables. An effective version of the radiobiological
model is joined with the simple physical model to estimate cell survival along
ions' penetration depth. The predicted survival ratios for CHO cells irradiated
by carbon ions are presented, showing very good agreement with experimental
data.


title:
On the biophysical interpretation of lethal DNA lesions induced by
  ionizing radiation

abstract:
  Although DNA damage is widely viewed as a critical target for the induction
of cell killing by ionizing radiation, the exact nature of DNA damage
responsible for these effects is unknown. To address this issue, the
probability of forming lethal damage by single proton tracks, derived from
published survival data for Chinese hamster V79 cells irradiated by protons
with energies from 0.57 to 5.01 MeV, has been compared to estimated yields of
clustered DNA lesions and repair outcomes calculated with Monte Carlo models.
The reported studies provide new information about the potential relationship
between the induction and repair of clustered DNA damage and trends in the
expected number of lethal events for protons with increasing linear energy
transfer (LET). A good correlation was found between the number of lethal
events in V79 cells and the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) consisting
of 3 or more elementary DNA lesions. For the yields of other types of DNA
damage, as well as point mutations formed through the misrepair of base damage
and single-strand breaks, observed trends with increasing LET are not
consistent with trends in the yields of lethal events. This observation
suggests that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons of varying
quality may be more closely related to the induction of complex DSBs rather
than other forms of damage.


title: A new "hidden colour hypothesis" in hadron physics

abstract:
  A new "Hidden Colour Hypothesis" within the framework of QCD, as an extension
of and in keeping with the spirit of the "Colour Singlet Hypothesis" is hereby
proposed As such it should play a role in a consistent description of exotic
hadrons, like the diquonia, pentaquarks, dibaryon$ etc. How these exotic
hadrons are affected by this new hypothesis is discussed here. This new
hypothesis suggests that the experimentalists may not be looking for single
exotics but for composites of two or more of the same.


title: Special relativity without distant clock synchronization

abstract:
  Observers at rest in two inertial reference frames are located within the
propagation space of the same electromagnetic wave. Raising receiving antennas
in a suitable way, these observers use the electromagnetic oscillations in the
wave as an electromagnetic clock. The invariance of the wave phase ensures that
the observers of the two frames detect the same phase of the oscillation when
they are located at the same point in space and consequently theirs
synchronization proceeds automatically. Because the Doppler Effect is free of
any clock synchronization, we use the formula that accounts for this effect for
deriving the basic formulas of relativistic kinematics.


title: One-dimensional Bose chemistry: effects of non-integrability

abstract:
  Three-body collisions of ultracold identical Bose atoms under tight
cylindrical confinement are analyzed. A Feshbach resonance in two-body
collisions is described by a two-channel zero-range interaction. Elimination of
the closed channel in the three-body problem reduces the interaction to a
one-channel zero-range one with an energy dependent strength. The related
problem with an energy independent strength (the Lieb-Liniger-McGuire model)
has an exact solution and forbids all chemical processes, such as three-atom
association and diatom dissociation, as well as reflection in atom-diatom
collisions. The resonant case is analyzed by a numerical solution of the
Faddeev-Lovelace equations. The results demonstrate that as the internal
symmetry of the Lieb-Liniger-McGuire model is lifted, the reflection and
chemical reactions become allowed and may be observed in experiments.


title: "Long live effrontery!" Albert Einstein and the birth of Quantum Theory

abstract:
  From its very beginning, Quantum Theory developed contrary to the intentions
of its creators. For Max Planck it marks the failure of a long-term research
program, in which he tried to understand the 2nd law of thermodynamics
deterministically in terms of mechanics and electrodynamics. For Albert
Einstein it meant a refutation of his scientific credo. I describe parts of the
early stages of this most remarkable development, up to Einstein's
light-quantum hypotheis and its unfavourable reception by most other
physicists.


title: Scattering length for helium atom-diatom collision

abstract:
  We present results on the scattering lengths of ^4He--^4He_2 and ^3He--^4He_2
collisions. We also study the consequence of varying the coupling constant of
the atom-atom interaction.


title:
Attempt at clarification of Einstein's postulate of constancy of light
  velocity

abstract:
  We have realized that under Lorentz transformations the tick number of a
moving common clock remains unchanged, that is, the hand of the clock never
runs slow, but the time interval between its two consecutive ticks contracts,
so the relative time has to be recorded by using the tau-clocks required by the
transformations, instead of unreal slowing clocks. Thus it is argued that using
rest common clocks or the equivalent the measured velocity of light emitted by
a moving source, which is quasi-velocity of foreign light, is dependent of the
source velocity. Nevertheless, the velocity of foreign light that should be
measured by using tau-clocks is independent of the source velocity. The
velocity of native light emitted by a rest source obeys the postulate of
relativity in accordance with both Maxwell equations and the result of
Michelson-Morley experiment. On the other hand, the velocity of foreign light
obeys both Ritz's emission theory except the Lorentz factor and the postulate
of constancy of light velocity if measured by using tau-clocks. Thus the
emission theory does not conflict with special relativity. The present argument
leads to a logical consequence that the so-called positive conclusions from
experiments testing constancy of the velocity of light emitted by moving
sources if using common clocks or the equivalent, instead of tau-clocks,
exactly contradicts Lorentz transformations.


title: Pixel Detectors

abstract:
  Pixel detectors for precise particle tracking in high energy physics have
been developed to a level of maturity during the past decade. Three of the LHC
detectors will use vertex detectors close to the interaction point based on the
hybrid pixel technology which can be considered the state of the art in this
field of instrumentation. A development period of almost 10 years has resulted
in pixel detector modules which can stand the extreme rate and timing
requirements as well as the very harsh radiation environment at the LHC without
severe compromises in performance. From these developments a number of
different applications have spun off, most notably for biomedical imaging.
Beyond hybrid pixels, a number of monolithic or semi-monolithic developments,
which do not require complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC
entities, have appeared and are currently developed to greater maturity. Most
advanced in terms of maturity are so called CMOS active pixels and DEPFET
pixels. The present state in the construction of the hybrid pixel detectors for
the LHC experiments together with some hybrid pixel detector spin-off is
reviewed. In addition, new developments in monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel
devices are summarized.


title: Opportunities for use of exact statistical equations

abstract:
  Exact structure function equations are an efficient means of obtaining
asymptotic laws such as inertial range laws, as well as all measurable effects
of inhomogeneity and anisotropy that cause deviations from such laws. "Exact"
means that the equations are obtained from the Navier-Stokes equation or other
hydrodynamic equations without any approximation. A pragmatic definition of
local homogeneity lies within the exact equations because terms that explicitly
depend on the rate of change of measurement location appear within the exact
equations; an analogous statement is true for local stationarity. An exact
definition of averaging operations is required for the exact equations. Careful
derivations of several inertial range laws have appeared in the literature
recently in the form of theorems. These theorems give the relationships of the
energy dissipation rate to the structure function of acceleration increment
multiplied by velocity increment and to both the trace of and the components of
the third-order velocity structure functions. These laws are efficiently
derived from the exact velocity structure function equations. In some respects,
the results obtained herein differ from the previous theorems. The
acceleration-velocity structure function is useful for obtaining the energy
dissipation rate in particle tracking experiments provided that the effects of
inhomogeneity are estimated by means of displacing the measurement location.


title: On rate of Universe expansion

abstract:
  It is offered another method how to describe contemporary stage of the
Universe evolution. The method is based upon classical Einstein equations
without a dark energy and other hypothetical fields.


title: Measuring the role of surface chemistry in silicon microphotonics

abstract:
  The silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) interface plays a crucial role in the
performance, cost, and reliability of most modern microelectronic devices, from
the basic transistor to flash memory, digital cameras, and solar cells. Today
the gate oxide thickness of modern transistors is roughly 5 atomic layers, with
8 metal wire layers required to transport all the signals within a
microprocessor. In addition to the increasing latency of such reduced-dimension
metal wires, further "Moore's Law" scaling of transistor cost and density is
predicted to saturate in the next decade. As a result, silicon-based
microphotonics is being explored for the routing and generation of
high-bandwidth signals. In comparison to the extensive knowledge of the
electronic properties of the Si/SiO2 interface, little is known about the
optical properties of Si surfaces used in microphotonics. In this Letter, we
explore the optical properties of the Si surface in the
telecommunication-relevant wavelength band of 1400-1600 nm. Utilizing a high
quality factor (Q ~ 1.5x10^6) optical microresonator to provide sensitivity
down to a fractional surface optical loss of 10^-7, we show that optical loss
within Si microphotonic components can be dramatically altered by Si surface
preparation, with fraction loss of 2 x 10^-5 measured for chemical oxide
surfaces as compared to <2 x 10^-6 for hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces. These
results indicate that the optical properties of Si surfaces can be
significantly and reversibly altered by standard microelectronics treatments,
and that stable, high optical quality surface passivation layers will be
critical in future Si micro- and nano-photonic systems.


title: Self-sustained oscillations in a Large Magneto-Optical Trap

abstract:
  We have observed self-sustained radial oscillations in a large
magneto-optical trap (MOT), containing up to $10^{10}$ Rb$^{85}$ atoms. This
instability is due to the competition between the confining force of the MOT
and the repulsive interaction associated with multiple scattering of light
inside the cold atomic cloud. A simple analytical model allows us to formulate
a criterion for the instability threshold, in fair agreement with our
observations. This criterion shows that large numbers of trapped atoms $N>10^9$
are required to observe this unstable behavior.


title: Bouncing localized structures in a liquid-crystal light-valve experiment

abstract:
  Experimental evidence of bouncing localized structures in a nonlinear optical
system is reported.


title:
How a Long Bubble Shrinks: a Numerical Method for an Unforced Hele-Shaw
  Flow

abstract:
  We develop a numerical method for solving a free boundary problem which
describes shape relaxation, by surface tension, of a long and thin bubble of an
inviscid fluid trapped inside a viscous fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell. The method
of solution of the exterior Dirichlet problem employs a classical boundary
integral formulation. Our version of the numerical method is especially
advantageous for following the dynamics of a very long and thin bubble, for
which an asymptotic scaling theory has been recently developed. Because of the
very large aspect ratio of the bubble, a direct implementation of the boundary
integral algorithm would be impractical. We modify the algorithm by introducing
a new approximation of the integrals which appear in the Fredholm integral
equation and in the integral expression for the normal derivative of the
pressure at the bubble interface. The new approximation allows one to
considerably reduce the number of nodes at the almost flat part of the bubble
interface, while keeping a good accuracy. An additional benefit from the new
approximation is in that it eliminates numerical divergence of the integral for
the tangential derivative of the harmonic conjugate. The interface's position
is advanced in time by using explicit node tracking, whereas the larger node
spacing enables one to use larger time steps. The algorithm is tested on two
model problems, for which approximate analytical solutions are available.


title:
Detailed analysis of the response of different cell lines to carbon
  irradiation

abstract:
  Published survival data for Chinese hamster ovarian cells CHO-K1 and their
radiosensitive mutant xrs5 after irradiation by carbon ions of energies from
2.4 to 266.4 MeV/u have been analyzed using the probabilistic two-stage
radiobiological model, which enables to represent the interplay of damage
induction and repair processes. The results give support for the hypothesis
that the differences in radiation sensitivity of diverse cell lines are given
primarily by their different repair capabilities, and indicate the need for
explicitly representing the outcome of repair processes in radiobiological
models and treatment planning approaches in radiotherapy.


title: Topology Induced Coarsening in Language Games

abstract:
  We investigate how very large populations are able to reach a global
consensus, out of local "microscopic" interaction rules, in the framework of a
recently introduced class of models of semiotic dynamics, the so-called Naming
Game. We compare in particular the convergence mechanism for interacting agents
embedded in a low-dimensional lattice with respect to the mean-field case. We
highlight that in low-dimensions consensus is reached through a coarsening
process which requires less cognitive effort of the agents, with respect to the
mean-field case, but takes longer to complete. In 1-d the dynamics of the
boundaries is mapped onto a truncated Markov process from which we analytically
computed the diffusion coefficient. More generally we show that the convergence
process requires a memory per agent scaling as N and lasts a time N^{1+2/d} in
dimension d<5 (d=4 being the upper critical dimension), while in mean-field
both memory and time scale as N^{3/2}, for a population of N agents. We present
analytical and numerical evidences supporting this picture.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cs.GT cs.MA


title: Hydrodynamic flow patterns and synchronization of beating cilia

abstract:
  We calculate the hydrodynamic flow field generated far from a cilium which is
attached to a surface and beats periodically. In the case of two beating cilia,
hydrodynamic interactions can lead to synchronization of the cilia, which are
nonlinear oscillators. We present a state diagram where synchronized states
occur as a function of distance of cilia and the relative orientation of their
beat. Synchronized states occur with different relative phases. In addition,
asynchronous solutions exist. Our work could be relevant for the synchronized
motion of cilia generating hydrodynamic flows on the surface of cells.


title: Standing waves in the Universe

abstract:
  At first, a review of our knowledge on the distribution of galaxies at
large-scale, leading to a foam-like large-scale structure of the Universe, is
presented in the Introduction. Then, it is shown how, according to the present
theory for the formation of superclusters, wave scalar perturbations of the
same frequency traveling in opposite directions give rise to standing waves,
which cause a motion of the cosmic material towards the nodes, resulting in the
concentration of the cosmic material around the nodes. Generalizing this effect
to two (three) dimensions, the cosmic material is concentrated around the node
lines (node surfaces). It is proposed that the three-dimensional effect is
responsible for the foam-like large-scale structure of the Universe.


title: Physics Options at the ILC. GG6 Summary at Snowmass2005

abstract:
  At Snowmass2005 the Global Group 6 (Physics Options) considered the
requirements and configurational issues related to possiblealternatives to the
baseline e+e- collisions, including gamma-gamma, gamma-electron,
electron-electron, GigaZ and fixed target experiments, and identified the
potential performance parameters.


title: A comparative study of density fluctuations on mm and Mpc scales

abstract:
  We have in earlier work (Basse N P 2005, Phys. Lett. A vol. 340 p. 456)
reported on intriguing similarities between density fluctuation power versus
wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales. In this paper we expand upon
our previous studies of small and large scale measurements made in fusion
plasmas and using cosmological data, respectively. The measurements are
compared to predictions from classical fluid turbulence theory. Both small and
large scale data can be fitted to a functional form that is consistent with the
dissipation range of turbulence. The comparable dependency of density
fluctuation power on wavenumber in fusion plasmas and cosmology might indicate
a common origin of these fluctuations.


title:
Time delay and partial coherence analyses to identify cortical
  connectivities

abstract:
  Recently it has been demonstrated by Albo that partial coherence analysis is
sensitive to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and that it will always identify the
signal with the highest SNR among the three signals as the main (driving)
influence. We propose to use time delay analysis in parallel to partial
coherence analysis to identify the connectivities between the multivariate time
series. Both are applied to a theoretical model (used by Albo) to analyse the
connections introduced in the model. Time delay analysis identifies the
connections correctly. We also apply these analyses to the electroencephalogram
(EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) of essential tremor patients and EEG of normal
subjects while bimanually tapping their index fingers. Biologically plausible
cortico-muscular and cortico-cortical connections are identified by these
methods.


title: Motion Equation of Vorticity for Newton Fluid

abstract:
  The vorticity plays an important role in aerodynamics and rotational flow.
Usually, they are studied with modified Navier-Stokes equation. This research
will deduce the motion equation of vorticity from Navier-Stokes equation. To
this propose, the velocity gradient field is decomposed as the stack of
non-rotation field and pure-rotation field. By introducing the Chen S+R
decomposition, the rotational flow is redefined. For elastic fluid, the
research shows that for Newton fluid, the local average rotation always
produces an additional pressure on the rotation plane. This item is
deterministic rather than stochastic (as Reynolds stress) or adjustable. For
non-elastic fluid, such as air, the research shows that the rotation will
produce an additional stress along the rotation axis direction, that is on the
normal direction of rotation plane. This result can be used to explain the lift
force connected with vortex. The main purpose of this research is to supply a
solvable mathematical model for the calculation of vorticity and pressure when
suitable boundary condition is adapted. Based on this understanding, some way
to control the movement of vortices may be produced.


title:
Impedance matching in photonic crystal microcavities for Second Harmonic
  Generation

abstract:
  By numerically integrating the three-dimensional Maxwell equations in the
time domain with reference to a dispersive quadratically nonlinear material, we
study second harmonic generation in planar photonic crystal microresonators.
The proposed scheme allows efficient coupling of the pump radiation to the
defect resonant mode. The out-coupled generated second harmonic is maximized by
impedance matching the photonic crystal cavity to the output waveguide.


title:
Classical evolution of fractal measures generated by a scalar field on
  the lattice

abstract:
  We investigate the classical evolution of a $\phi^4$ scalar field theory,
using in the initial state random field configurations possessing a fractal
measure expressed by a non-integer mass dimension. These configurations
resemble the equilibrium state of a critical scalar condensate. The measures of
the initial fractal behavior vary in time following the mean field motion. We
show that the remnants of the original fractal geometry survive and leave an
imprint in the system time averaged observables, even for large times compared
to the approximate oscillation period of the mean field, determined by the
model parameters. This behavior becomes more transparent in the evolution of a
deterministic Cantor-like scalar field configuration. We extend our study to
the case of two interacting scalar fields, and we find qualitatively similar
results. Therefore, our analysis indicates that the geometrical properties of a
critical system initially at equilibrium could sustain for several periods of
the field oscillations in the phase of non-equilibrium evolution.


title:
Gamow's bicycle: The Appearance of Bodies at Relativistic Speeds and
  Apparent Superluminal Velocities

abstract:
  A human creates an image basing on the information delivered by photons that
arrived at his retina simultaneously. Due to finite and constant velocity of
light these photons left the moving body at different times, since not all
points of the body are equidistant. In other words its image represents the
body as it was in several different times i.e. it is distorted and does not
correspond to its real appearance. The useful experimental arrangement is set
and then used to derive the general expression that transforms two-dimensional
stationary shapes to their apparent forms, which could be photographed once
they are set in motion. It is then used to simulate the so-called Gamow's
bicycle combined out of circles and straight lines. The simulation outlines two
important aspects of bike's motion: apparent distance of two points and
apparent velocity which are then discussed thoroughly. It is found that the
approaching body is elongated and its apparent speed is greater than its real
one (under certain conditions can exceed the speed of light), whereas the
receding one is contracted (but not in a matter of Lorentz contraction) with
the speed smaller than the real one. Both the apparent length and speed tends
to a certain limit when time tends to plus or minus infinity. The change of
both parameters takes place in the vicinity of the nearest approach to the
observer and is more rapid when the velocity greater and the distance is
smaller. When the moving vertical rod is seen at right angle, its total
apparent length is Lorentz contracted, however its interior is still distorted.
At the same conditions apparent velocity of a point equals its real one.
Finally it is proven that not only the apparent geometrical shape changes as
the body moves but also its color according to Doppler shift.


title:
Directional interacting whispering gallery modes in coupled dielectric
  microdisks

abstract:
  We study the optical interaction in a coupled dielectric microdisks by
investigating the splitting of resonance positions of interacting whispering
gallery modes (WGMs) and their pattern change, depending on the distance
between the microdisks. It is shown that the interaction between the WGMs with
odd parity about y-axis becomes appreciable at a distance less than a
wavelength and causes directional emissions of the resulting interacting WGMs.
The directionality of the interacting WGMs can be understood in terms of an
effective boundary deformation in ray dynamical analysis. We also discuss about
the oscillation of the splitting when the distance is greater than a
wavelength.


title: The Bayesian Effects in Measurement of the Asymmetry of Poisson Flows

abstract:
  As it follows from the interrelation of Gamma and Poisson distributions the
observed value of asymmetry for Poisson flows of events has the bias. The Monte
Carlo experiment confirms the presence of this bias between the observed and
initial asymmetries. The obtained results allow to correct the estimation of
the asymmetry of flow rates.


title: Beam test results of the irradiated Silicon Drift Detector for ALICE

abstract:
  The Silicon Drift Detectors will equip two of the six cylindrical layers of
high precision position sensitive detectors in the ITS of the ALICE experiment
at LHC. In this paper we report the beam test results of a SDD irradiated with
1 GeV electrons. The aim of this test was to verify the radiation tolerance of
the device under an electron fluence equivalent to twice particle fluence
expected during 10 years of ALICE operation.


title: Cooperation and defection in ghetto

abstract:
  We consider ghetto as a community of people ruled against their will by an
external power. Members of the community feel that their laws are broken.
However, attempts to leave ghetto makes their situation worse. We discuss the
relation of the ghetto inhabitants to the ruling power in context of their
needs, organized according to the Maslow hierarchy. Decisions how to satisfy
successive needs are undertaken in cooperation with or defection the ruling
power. This issue allows to construct the tree of decisions and to adopt the
pruning technique from the game theory. Dynamics of decisions can be described
within the formalism of fundamental equations. The result is that the strategy
of defection is stabilized by the estimated payoff.


title:
Polyatomic Molecules Formed with a Rydberg Atom in an Ultracold
  Environment

abstract:
  We investigate properties of ultralong-range polyatomic molecules formed with
a Rb Rydberg atom and several ground-state atoms whose distance from the
Rydberg atom is of the order of n^2a_0, where n is the principle quantum number
of the Rydberg electron. In particular, we put emphasis on the splitting of the
energy levels, and elucidate the nature of the splitting via the construction
of symmetry-adapted orbitals.


title:
Practicable factorized TDLDA for arbitrary density- and
  current-dependent functionals

abstract:
  We propose a practicable method for describing linear dynamics of different
finite Fermi systems. The method is based on a general self-consistent
procedure for factorization of the two-body residual interaction. It is
relevant for diverse density- and current-dependent functionals and, in fact,
represents the self-consistent separable random-phase approximation (RPA),
hence the name SRPA. SRPA allows to avoid diagonalization of high-rank RPA
matrices and thus dwarfs the calculation expense. Besides, SRPA expressions
have a transparent analytical form and so the method is very convenient for the
analysis and treatment of the obtained results. SRPA demonstrates high
numerical accuracy. It is very general and can be applied to diverse systems.
Two very different cases, the Kohn-Sham functional for atomic clusters and
Skyrme functional for atomic nuclei, are considered in detail as particular
examples. SRPA treats both time-even and time-odd dynamical variables and, in
this connection, we discuss the origin and properties of time-odd currents and
densities in initial functionals. Finally, SRPA is compared with other
self-consistent approaches for the excited states, including the
coupled-cluster method.


title: Electronic excitations in atomic clusters: beyond dipole plasmon

abstract:
  Multipole electron modes beyond the Mie plasmon in atomic clusters are
investigated within the time-dependent local density approximation theory
(TDLDA). We consider the origin of the modes, their connection with basic
cluster properties and possible routes of experimental observation. Particular
attention is paid to infrared magnetic orbital modes, scissors and twist, and
electric quadrupole mode. The scissors and twist modes determine orbital
magnetism of clusters while the electric quadrupole mode provides direct access
to the single electron spectra of the cluster. We examine two-photon processes
(Raman scattering, stimulated emission pumping and stimulated adiabatic Raman
passage) as the most promising tools for experimental investigation of the
modes.


title:
A Solution to the Fermi Paradox: The Solar System, part of a Galactic
  Hypercivilization?

abstract:
  I introduce the Fermi Paradox and some of its solutions. Then I present my
own solution which includes two proposals called the Subanthropic Principle and
the Undetectability Conjecture. After discussing some consequences of this
solution, I make some comments about brane world scenarios and their potential
to strengthen the Fermi Paradox. Finally, in the appendix I have included some
questions and answers that came up during this Forum. --
  En primer lugar introduzco la Paradoja de Fermi y algunas de sus soluciones.
Luego presento la solucion que yo he propuesto, que incluye dos hipotesis que
denomino el Principio Subantropico y la Conjetura de Indetectabilidad. Despues
de discutir algunas consecuencias de esta solucion, paso a hacer algunos
comentarios sobre las teorias de universos branas y su potencial para reforzar
la Paradoja de Fermi. Finalmente, en el apendice incluyo algunas preguntas y
respuestas que surgieron durante este Forum.

categories: physics.pop-ph astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th q-bio.PE


title: Against Pointillisme about Geometry

abstract:
  This paper forms part of a wider campaign: to deny pointillisme. That is the
doctrine that a physical theory's fundamental quantities are defined at points
of space or of spacetime, and represent intrinsic properties of such points or
point-sized objects located there; so that properties of spatial or
spatiotemporal regions and their material contents are determined by the
point-by-point facts.
  More specifically, this paper argues against pointillisme about the structure
of space and-or spacetime itself, especially a paper by Bricker (1993). A
companion paper argues against pointillisme in mechanics, especially about
velocity; it focusses on Tooley, Robinson and Lewis.
  To avoid technicalities, I conduct the argument almost entirely in the
context of ``Newtonian'' ideas about space and time. But both the debate and my
arguments carry over to relativistic, and even quantum, physics.


title: Against Pointillisme about Mechanics

abstract:
  This paper forms part of a wider campaign: to deny pointillisme. That is the
doctrine that a physical theory's fundamental quantities are defined at points
of space or of spacetime, and represent intrinsic properties of such points or
point-sized objects located there; so that properties of spatial or
spatiotemporal regions and their material contents are determined by the
point-by-point facts.
  More specifically, this paper argues against pointillisme about the concept
of velocity in classical mechanics; especially against proposals by Tooley,
Robinson and Lewis. A companion paper argues against pointillisme about
(chrono)-geometry, as proposed by Bricker.
  To avoid technicalities, I conduct the argument almost entirely in the
context of ``Newtonian'' ideas about space and time, and the classical
mechanics of point-particles, i.e. extensionless particles moving in a void.
But both the debate and my arguments carry over to relativistic physics.


title: Laser cooling of new atomic and molecular species with ultrafast pulses

abstract:
  We propose a new laser cooling method for atomic species whose level
structure makes traditional laser cooling difficult. For instance, laser
cooling of hydrogen requires single-frequency vacuum-ultraviolet light, while
multielectron atoms need single-frequency light at many widely separated
frequencies. These restrictions can be eased by laser cooling on two-photon
transitions with ultrafast pulse trains. Laser cooling of hydrogen,
antihydrogen, and many other species appears feasible, and extension of the
technique to molecules may be possible.


title:
Tutorial introduction to Virtual Reality: What possibility are offered
  to our field?

abstract:
  The virtual reality (VR) provides us a three-dimensional, immersive, and
fully interactive visualization environment. To make the best use of the VR's
potential in scientific visualization, a VR visualization software named VFIVE
has been developed for the CAVE-type VR system. VFIVE enables simulation
researchers to analyze three-dimensional scalar and vector fields by various
visualization methods including real time volume rendering in the CAVE's room
sized booth. Some basic visualization tools of VTK have been integrated to
VFIVE, too.


title:
Titanium plasma source for capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet
  lasers

abstract:
  A technique to generate jets of pure Titanium plasma is presented. A Ti wire
is exploded in an Alumina capillary sealed with 1atm. of air inside. The
generated plasma emerges from the capillary (to a high-vacuum environment) by
ripping a thin Ti foil that seals one of the capillary ends. The generated
plasma jets have a velocity of up to $4.5\pm0.5mm/\mu s$, an electron
temperature of $1.5\pm0.5eV$ and a ion density of $2.7\pm1\times10^{17}/cc$.
The plasma source was designed for a capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet
laser experiment, but might also be useful to other application such as a
target for Z-pinch experiments.


title:
Modeling of flows with the power-law spectral densities and power-law
  distributions of flow's intensities

abstract:
  We present analytical and numerical results of modeling of flows represented
as the correlated non-Poissonian point process and as the Poissonian sequence
of pulses of the different size. Both models may generate signals with the
power-law distributions of the intensity of the flow and the power-law spectral
density. Furthermore, different distributions of the interevent time of the
point process and different statistics of the size of pulses may result in
$1/f^{\beta}$ noise (one-over-f noise, 1-f noise) with
$0.5\lesssim\beta\lesssim2$. Combination of the models is applied for modeling
of the Internet traffic.


title:
Contemporary development of Einstein's ideas on space-time and Brownian
  motion

abstract:
  Development of the contemporary theory of physical phenomena in the microcosm
is considered to be a result of development of Einstein's ideas on a
possibility of the event space modification and on a possibility of stochastic
(Brownian) motion of free particles. One considers the space-time modification,
based on a new conception of geometry. In the framework of this conception any
geometry is obtained as a result of the proper Euclidean geometry deformation.
In the framework of this conception it is possible such a space-time geometry,
where the free particle motion appears to be stochastic, although the geometry
in itself remains to be deterministic. The stochasticity intensity depends on
the particle mass. It is small for particle of a large mass, and it is
essential for the particle of a small mass. The space-time geometry may be
chosen in such a way, that the statistical description of random world lines of
particles be equivalent to the quantum description (the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation). At such a description the quantum principles are not used. They can
be obtained as a corollaries of the statistical description of nonrelativistic
stochastic particles. The nonrelativistic quantum principles may not be used
for description of relativistic phenomena.


title:
Self-optimization of optical confinement in ultraviolet photonic crystal
  slab laser

abstract:
  We studied numerically and experimentally the effects of structural disorder
on the performance of ultraviolet photonic crystal slab lasers. Optical gain
selectively amplifies the high-quality modes of the passive system. For these
modes, the in-plane and out-of-plane leakage rates may be automatically
balanced in the presence of disorder. The spontaneous optimization of in-plane
and out-of-plane confinement of light in a photonic crystal slab may lead to a
reduction of the lasing threshold.


title:
An Inexpensive Arterial Pressure Wave Sensor and its application in
  different physiological condition

abstract:
  Arterial Blood Pressure wave monitoring is considered to be important in
assessment of cardiovascular system. We developed a novel pulse wave detection
system using low frequency specific piezoelectric material as pressure wave
sensor. The transducer detects the periodic change in the arterial wall
diameter produced by pressure wave and the amplified signal after integration
represents the pressure wave. The signal before integration is proportional to
the rate of change of pressure wave and it not only reproduces the pressure
waveform faithfully, but also its sharper nature helps to reliably detect the
heart period variability (HPV). We have studied the position-specific (e.g.
over carotid or radial artery) nature of change of this pulse wave signal
(shape and amplitude) and also the changes at different physiological states.


title:
Cryogenic small-signal conversion with relaxation oscillations in
  Josephson junctions

abstract:
  Broadband detection of small electronic signals from cryogenic devices, with
the option of simple implementation for multiplexing, is often a highly
desired, although non-trivial task. We investigate and demonstrate a
small-signal analog-to-frequency conversion system based on relaxation
oscillations in a single Josephson junction. Operation and stability conditions
are derived, with special emphasis on noise analysis, showing the dominant
noise sources to originate from fluctuation processes in the junction. At
optimum conditions the circuit is found to deliver excellent noise performance
over a broad dynamic range. Our simple models apply within the regime of
classical Josephson junction and circuit dynamics, which we confirm by
experimental results. A discussion on possible applications includes a
measurement of the response to a cryogenic radiation detector.


title: Overlay Alignment Using Two Photonic Crystals

abstract:
  In this paper we proposed a novel overlay alignment method using two sets of
identical photonic crystals (PhCs). In this method the reflection or
transmission spectrum of the two overlaid photonic crystals is measured to help
wafer tilt, yaw rotation, and translation aligning. The initial testing results
with two 1D photonic crystals and analysis of the alignment accuracy are
presented. This method is particularly useful in building photonic crystal
stacks with nanoimprint lithography (NIL).


title:
Wave packet propagation by the Faber polynomial approximation in
  electrodynamics of passive media

abstract:
  Maxwell's equations for propagation of electromagnetic waves in dispersive
and absorptive (passive) media are represented in the form of the Schr\"odinger
equation $i\partial \Psi/\partial t = {H}\Psi$, where ${H}$ is a linear
differential operator (Hamiltonian) acting on a multi-dimensional vector $\Psi$
composed of the electromagnetic fields and auxiliary matter fields describing
the medium response. In this representation, the initial value problem is
solved by applying the fundamental solution $\exp(-itH)$ to the initial field
configuration. The Faber polynomial approximation of the fundamental solution
is used to develop a numerical algorithm for propagation of broad band wave
packets in passive media. The action of the Hamiltonian on the wave function
$\Psi$ is approximated by the Fourier grid pseudospectral method. The algorithm
is global in time, meaning that the entire propagation can be carried out in
just a few time steps. A typical time step is much larger than that in finite
differencing schemes, $\Delta t_F \gg \|H\|^{-1}$. The accuracy and stability
of the algorithm is analyzed. The Faber propagation method is compared with the
Lanczos-Arnoldi propagation method with an example of scattering of broad band
laser pulses on a periodic grating made of a dielectric whose dispersive
properties are described by the Rocard-Powels-Debye model. The Faber algorithm
is shown to be more efficient. The Courant limit for time stepping, $\Delta t_C
\sim \|H\|^{-1}$, is exceeded at least in 3000 times in the Faber propagation
scheme.


title: Degree Landscapes in Scale-Free Networks

abstract:
  We generalize the degree-organizational view of real-world networks with
broad degree-distributions in a landscape analogue with mountains (high-degree
nodes) and valleys (low-degree nodes). For example, correlated degrees between
adjacent nodes corresponds to smooth landscapes (social networks), hierarchical
networks to one-mountain landscapes (the Internet), and degree-disassortative
networks without hierarchical features to rough landscapes with several
mountains. We also generate ridge landscapes to model networks organized under
constraints imposed by the space the networks are embedded in, associated to
spatial or, in molecular networks, to functional localization. To quantify the
topology, we here measure the widths of the mountains and the separation
between different mountains.


title:
Motion of the hydrogen bond proton in cytosine and the transition
  between its normal and imino states

abstract:
  The potential energy surface of the H13 proton in base cytosine of the DNA
molecules is calculated {\it ab initio} at the Gaussian98 MP2/6-311G(d,p)
level. Two potential wells are found. One corresponds to the normal cytosine,
while the other corresponds to its imino tautomer. The bindings of the proton
in these wells are stable enough against the thermo-disturbance. The motions of
the proton in these wells are oscillations around the nearest nitrogen atom
like the pendula, and may move far away from the nitrogen atom to form the
hydrogen bond with other bases. The estimated tunneling probability of the H13
proton from one well to another well shows that the life time of the proton
staying in one of these wells is about 6$\times10^2$ yr. It is too long to let
tautomers of cytosine be in thermodynamical equilibrium in a room temperature
gas phase experiment. The biological significance of these result is discussed.


title:
Comment on "Can one predict DNA Transcription Start Sites by Studying
  Bubbles?"

abstract:
  Comment on T.S. van Erp, S. Cuesta-Lopez, J.-G. Hagmann, and M. Peyrard,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 218104 (2005) [arXiv: physics/0508094].


title: Fluctuations and Long-Term Stability: from Coherence to Chaos

abstract:
  Exerting fluctuations is a part of our daily life: traffic noise, heartbeat,
opinion poll, currency exchange rate, electrical current, chemical reactions -
they all permanently fluctuate. One of the most important questions is why the
systems that exert fluctuations stay long-term stable. Is there any general
functional relation that provides long-term stability despite the wide
diversity of the fluctuations commence: emotions, economics, physical
interactions etc? I assert that such functional relation does exist and reveal
its specification: the route to the long-term stability is through coherence
and boundedness as necessary conditions. It is demonstrated that the chaoticity
is the hallmark of that relationship. The present contribution is a systematic
study written as a book on the relation between long-term stability and
exerting macroscopic fluctuations. Further attention is focused on the
mechanism that guarantees the boundedness and the coherence of the local
fluctuations in the physical systems. Crucial arguments that neither of the
existing so far approaches to the behavior of the extended many-body systems
provides boundedness and coherence of the fluctuations are put forward. It
turns out that the mechanism that brings about macroscopic fluctuations has
universal properties and entangles quantum decoherence, chaos and 1/f noise in
a tricky interplay.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP nlin.AO nlin.CD quant-ph