title: Quasiperiodic Atom Optics, Focusing, and Wave packet Rephasing

abstract:
  We propose a laser field configuration which acts as a quasiperiodic atom
optical diffraction grating. Analytical and computational results for the
atomic center-of-mass wavefunction after the grating reveal a quasiperiodic
density pattern, a semiclassical focusing effect, and a quasiperiodic
self-imaging of the atomic wavefunction analogous to a Talbot effect.


title: Threshold detachment of negative ions by electron impact

abstract:
  The description of threshold fragmentation under long range repulsive forces
is presented. The dominant energy dependence near threshold is isolated by
decomposing the cross section into a product of a back ground part and a
barrier penetration probability resulting from the repulsive Coulomb
interaction. This tunneling probability contains the dominant energy variation
and it can be calculated analytically based on the same principles as Wannier's
description for threshold ionization under attractive forces. Good agreement is
found with the available experimental cross sections on detachment by electron
impact from $D^{-}$, $O^{-}$ and $B^{-}$.


title: On Geometric Phase from Pure Projections

abstract:
  The geometric phase is usually treated as a quantity modulo 2\pi, a
convention carried over from early work on the subject. The results of a series
of optical interference experiments involving polarization of light, done by
the present author (reviewed in R.Bhandari, Phys. Rep. 281 (1997) p.1) question
the usefulness of such a definition of the geometric phase in that it throws
away useful and measurable information about the system, for example strengths
of singularities giving rise to the geometric phase. Such singularities have
been directly demonstrated by phase-shift measurement in interference
experiments. In this paper, two recent polarization experiments (Hariharan
et.al., J.Mod.Opt. 44 (1997)p.707 and Berry and Klein, J.Mod.Opt. 43
(1996)p.165) are analysed and compared with previous experiments and
potentially detectible singularities in these experiments pointed out.


title:
Quantum response of finite Fermi systems and the relation of Lyapunov
  exponent to transport coefficients

abstract:
  Within the frame of kinetic theory a response function is derived for finite
Fermi systems which includes dissipation in relaxation time approximation and a
contribution from additional chaotic processes characterized by the largest
Lyapunov exponent. A generalized local density approximation is presented
including the effect of many particle relaxation and the additional chaotic
scattering. For small Lyapunov exponents relative to the product of wave vector
and Fermi velocity in the system, the largest Lyapunov exponent modifies the
response in the same way as the relaxation time. Therefore the transport
coefficients can be connected with the largest positive Lyapunov exponent in
the same way as known from the transport theory in relaxation time
approximation.

categories: physics.atom-ph chao-dyn cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.CD nucl-th


title: Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Transition-Metal Ions in Cubical Symmetry

abstract:
  Symmetry adaptation techniques are applied to the determination of
intensities of intra-configurational two-photon transitions for
transition-metal ions in cubical symmetry. This leads to a simple model giving
the polarization dependence of intensities of two-photon (electric dipolar)
transitions between Stark levels of the configuration 3dN (N = even or odd).


title:
Multi-Photon Laser Spectroscopy of Transition Ions in Crystals: Recent
  Progress in the Use of Symmetry Considerations

abstract:
  The role of symmetry adaptation techniques in multi-photon spectroscopy of
partly-filled shell ions in crystals is briefly reviewed. This leads to an
intensity formula which is discussed from a qualitative point of view.


title:
Formation of Power-law Energy Spectra in Space Plasmas by Stochastic
  Acceleration due to Whistler-Mode Waves

abstract:
  A non-relativistic Fokker-Planck equation for the electron distribution
function is formulated incorporating the effects of stochastic acceleration by
whistler-mode waves and Coulomb collisions. The stationary solution $f$ to the
equation, subject to a zero-flux boundary condition, is found to be a
generalized Lorentzian (or kappa) distribution, which satisfies $f\propto
v^{-2(\kappa+1)}$ for large velocity $v$, where $\kappa$ is the spectral index.
The parameter $\kappa$ depends strongly on the relative wave intensity $R$.
Taking into account the critical energy required for resonance of electrons
with whistlers, we calculate a range of values of $R$ for each of a number of
different space plasmas for which kappa distributions can be expected to be
formed. This study is one of the first in the literature to provide a
theoretical justification for the formation of generalized Lorentzian (or
kappa) particle distribution functions in space plasmas.


title:
Instantaneous Pair Theory for High-Frequency Vibrational Energy
  Relaxation in Fluids

abstract:
  Notwithstanding the long and distinguished history of studies of vibrational
energy relaxation, exactly how it is that high frequency vibrations manage to
relax in a liquid remains somewhat of a mystery. Both experimental and
theoretical approaches seem to say that there is a natural frequency range
associated with intermolecular motions in liquids, typically spanning no more
than a few hundred cm^{-1}. Landau-Teller-like theories explain how a solvent
can absorb any vibrational energy within this "band", but how is it that
molecules can rid themselves of superfluous vibrational energies significantly
in excess of these values? We develop a theory for such processes based on the
idea that the crucial liquid motions are those that most rapidly modulate the
force on the vibrating coordinate -- and that by far the most important of
these motions are those involving what we have called the mutual nearest
neighbors of the vibrating solute. Specifically, we suggest that whenever there
is a single solvent molecule sufficiently close to the solute that the solvent
and solute are each other's nearest neighbors, then the instantaneous
scattering dynamics of the solute-solvent pair alone suffices to explain the
high frequency relaxation. The many-body features of the liquid only appear in
the guise of a purely equilibrium problem, that of finding the likelihood of
particularly effective solvent arrangements around the solute. These results
are tested numerically on model diatomic solutes dissolved in atomic fluids
(including the experimentally and theoretically interesting case of I_2 in Xe).
The instantaneous pair theory leads to results in quantitative agreement with
those obtained from far more laborious exact molecular dynamics simulations.


title: The New Redshift Interpretation Affirmed

abstract:
  In late 1997 I reported (Mod. Phys. Lett. A 12 (1997) 2919; astro-ph/9806280)
the discovery of A New Redshift Interpretation (NRI) of the Hubble relation and
the 2.7K CBR, which showed for the first time that it was possible to explain
these phenomena within the framework of a universe governed by Einstein's
static-spacetime general relativity (GR) instead of the Friedmann-Lemaitre
expanding-spacetime paradigm. More recently Carlip and Scranton
(astro-ph/9808021; C&S) claim to find flaws in this discovery, while also
claiming the standard cosmology is error free. Their analysis assumes the NRI
represents a static cosmological model of the universe. This is wrong. My MPLA
report clearly states the NRI encompasses an expanding universe wherein
galaxies are undergoing Doppler recession due to vacuum density repulsion.
C&S's confusion on this crucial point leads to serious errors in their
analysis. Next, in claiming the standard cosmology is error free, C&S fail to
respond to the contradictory evidence in my preprint, gr-qc/9806061. There I
first show why the universe is governed by Einstein static-spacetime GR, and
not the Friedmann-Lemaitre expanding spacetime paradigm on which Big Bang
cosmology is critically hinged. Secondly, I note a most embarrassing fact about
the F-L paradigm--namely, that it has always involved gargantuan
nonconservation-of-energy losses amounting to the mass equivalent of about
thirty million universes, each with a mass of 10^21 suns.


title: Stochastic dynamics simulations in a new generalized ensemble

abstract:
  We develop a formulation for molecular dynamics, Langevin, and hybrid Monte
Carlo algorithms in the recently proposed generalized ensemble that is based on
a physically motivated realisation of Tsallis weights. The effectiveness of the
methods are tested with an energy function for a protein system. Simulations in
this generalized ensemble by the three methods are performed for a penta
peptide, Met-enkephalin. For each algorithm, it is shown that from only one
simulation run one can not only find the global-minimum-energy conformation but
also obtain probability distributions in canonical ensemble at any temperature,
which allows the calculation of any thermodynamic quantity as a function of
temperature.


title: Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen at 2 eV above threshold

abstract:
  The convergent close-coupling method is applied to the calculation of fully
differential cross sections for ionization of atomic hydrogen by 15.6 eV
electrons. We find that even at this low energy the method is able to yield
predictive results with small uncertainty. As a consequence we suspect that the
experimental normalization at this energy is approximately a factor of two too
high.


title: On the Determination of Proper Time

abstract:
  Through the analysis of the definition of the duration of proper time of a
particle given by the length of its world line, we show that there is no
transitivity of the coordinate time function derived from the definition, so
there exists an ambiguity in the determination of the duration of the proper
time for the particle. Its physical consequence is illustrated with quantum
measurement effect.


title: Symmetry Adaptation Techniques in n-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy

abstract:
  We present some recent progress achieved in the application of symmetry
adaptation techniques to n-photon absorption spectroscopy of rare earth ions in
finite symmetry. More specifically, this work is concerned with the
determination of the intensity of n-photon transitions between Stark levels
(rather than J levels) of an ion in an environment with a given symmetry. The
role of symmetry is taken into account through the use of initial and final
state vectors characterized by irreducible representations of the (double)
group for the ion site symmetry. Two distinct situations are considered, viz.,
the case of parity-allowed and parity-forbidden n-photon transitions.


title:
Interfacial properties of nonionic micellar agregates as a function of
  temperatures and concentrations

abstract:
  By means of density, dielectric spectroscopy and sound velocity measurements
we perform a systematic study on the polyoxyethylene $C_{12}E_{6}$ nonionic
surfactant solutions as a function of temperature and concentration. Both
density and sound velocity data, at about $34^{\circ}C$, coincide with the
value obtained for pure water. Above this temperature the density is lower than
the water density whereas below it is greater, the opposite happens for the
compressibility. Combining results from these different techniques we tempt a
very detailed description of the evolution of the micellar interfacial
properties with temperature. It is well known that nonionic surfactant
solutions dehydrate, growing temperature. Our results indicate that this
process is associated with a continuous change in the polymer conformation and
in the local density of the micellar interface.


title:
Integral identities and bounds for scattering calculations in the Dirac
  formalism

abstract:
  Integral identities that hold between ``desired'' and ``comparison''
solutions of the radial Dirac equations for scattering precesses are
considered. Applications of these identities are discussed, particularly the
determination of bounds to variational calculations of $K$-matrix elements.


title:
A Multilevel Blocking Approach to the Sign Problem in Real-Time Quantum
  Monte Carlo Simulations

abstract:
  We propose a novel approach toward the general solution of the sign problem
in real-time path-integral simulations. Using a recursive multilevel blocking
strategy, this method circumvents the sign problem by synthesizing the phase
cancellations arising from interfering quantum paths on multiple timescales. A
number of numerical examples with one or a few explicit degrees of freedom
illustrate the usefulness of the method.


title: From the Field Electron Model to the Unified Field Theory

abstract:
  The unified field is a Maxwell-Lorentz field. Maxwell-Lorentz equations for
potentials in standard four-dimensional form are satisfied exactly. This is
achieved by involving new fundamental field sources, strict definition of which
requires higher dimensionality. Source currents do not "see" each other enough
that, in each point of the space in any direction, there is a couple of
currents with different charge signs. Each such charged source moves in the
Maxwell-Lorentz field in accordance with the law of motion, and each of them,
independently of the others, generates field in accordance with Maxwell-Lorentz
equations. The law of motion may be found from the condition of existence of a
solution in the form of stabile and identical electrons with "necessary"
properties. The law of motion to be found is defined strictly enough by the
condition of electron generation! If an electron exists that means that
protons, atoms and the Universe exist too! All particles and fields - they are
just visible exhibitions of interaction between the Maxwell-Lorentz field and
its sources!


title: Perturbative and Numerical Methods for Stochastic Nonlinear Oscillators

abstract:
  Interferometric gravitational wave detectors are devoted to pick up the
effect induced on masses by gravitational waves. The variations of the length
dividing two mirrors is measured through a laser interferometric technique. The
Brownian motion of the masses related to the interferometer room temperature is
a limit to the observation of astrophysical signals. It is referred to as
thermal noise and it affects the sensitivity of both the projected and the
future generation interferometers. In this paper we investigate the relevance
of small non-linear effects and point out their impact on the sensitivity curve
of interferometric gravitational wave detectors (e.g. VIRGO, LIGO, GEO, ...)
through perturbative methods and numerical simulations. We find that in the
first order approximation the constants characterizing the power spectrum
density (PSD) are renormalized but it retains its typical shape. This is due to
the fact that the involved Feynman diagrams are of tadpole type. Higher order
approximations are required to give rise to up-conversion effects. This result
is predicted by the perturbative approach and is in agreement with the
numerical results obtained by studying the system's non-linear response by
numerically simulating its dynamics.


title:
Resonance broadening theory of Farley-Buneman turbulence in the auroral
  E-region

abstract:
  The conventional theory of resonance broadening for a two-species plasma in a
magnetic field is revised, and applied to an ionospheric turbulence case. The
assumptions made in the conventional theory of resonance broadening have, in
the past, led to replacing the frequency $\omega$ by
$\omega+ik_{\perp}^{2}D^{*}$ in the resonant part of the linear dielectric
function to obtain the nonlinear dielectric function. Where $D^{*}$ is an
anomalous diffusion coefficient due solely to wave scattering of the particle
orbits. We show that in general these assumptions are not valid, and
consequently the straightforward substitution of frequencies is not legitimate.
We remedy these problems and derive expressions for the time-dependent
components of the diffusion tensor. The improved resonance broadening theory is
developed in the context of an ionospheric problem, namely that of the
Farley-Buneman turbulence in the auroral E-region. A kinetic description of the
electrons is used. A general expression for the nonlinear dielectric function
is derived in the special case where no parallel electric field is present, and
the differences with the conventional dispersion relation are discussed.


title:
Mode-coupling and nonlinear Landau damping effects in auroral
  Farley-Buneman turbulence

abstract:
  The fundamental problem of Farley-Buneman turbulence in the auroral
$E$-region has been discussed and debated extensively in the past two decades.
In the present paper we intend to clarify the different steps that the auroral
$E$-region plasma has to undergo before reaching a steady state. The
mode-coupling calculation, for Farley-Buneman turbulence, is developed in order
to place it in perspective and to estimate its magnitude relative to the
anomalous effects which arise through the nonlinear wave-particle interaction.
This nonlinear effect, known as nonlinear ``Landau damping'' is due to the
coupling of waves which produces other waves which in turn lose energy to the
bulk of the particles by Landau damping. This leads to a decay of the wave
energy and consequently a heating of the plasma. An equation governing the
evolution of the field spectrum is derived and a physical interpration for each
of its terms is provided.


title: On the propagation speed of evanescent modes

abstract:
  The group-velocity of evanescent waves (in undersized waveguides, for
instance) was theoretically predicted, and has been experimentally verified, to
be Superluminal (v_g > c). By contrast, it is known that the precursor speed in
vacuum cannot be larger than c. In this paper, by computer simulations based on
Maxwell equations only, we show the existence of both phenomena. In other
words, we verify the actual possibility of Superluminal group velocities,
without violating the so-called (naive) Einstein causality. (Subject classes:
General physics, Classical physics, Optics, Special Relativity; PACS nos.:
73.40Gk, 03.80+z, 03.65Bz; Keywords: evanescent waves; tunnelling photons;
Hartman effect; group velocity; Superluminal waves; precursors; transient
waves; front velocity; Maxwell equations; electromagnetic waves; computer
simulations; Special Relativity; Extended Relativity).


title: Optical Trapping by Radiometric Flow

abstract:
  Micron sized, neutral, non-dielectric particles immersed in a viscous fluid
can be trapped in the focal plane of a Gaussian beam. A particle can absorb
energy from such a beam with a large radial intensity gradient, resulting in
substantial temperature gradients and a radiometric torque which causes it to
spin rapidly about an axis perpendicular to the flux of radiant energy. The
particles are also observed to orbit around the optical axis. Here we
investigate the fundamental physics of this system, the Radiometric Particle
Trap, and discuss its force laws using gas-kinetic theory.

categories: physics.flu-dyn cond-mat.soft physics.class-ph physics.optics


title: Depth Profile Reconstruction from Rutherford Backscattering Data

abstract:
  An adaptive kernel method in the Bayesian framework together with a new
simulation program for Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) have been
applied to the analysis of RBS data. Even in the case of strongly overlapping
RBS peaks a depth profile reconstruction without noise fitting has been
achieved. The adaptive kernel method leads to the simplest depth profile
consistent with the data. Erosion and redeposition rates of carbon divertor
plates in the fusion experiment ASDEX Upgrade could be determined by
RBS-analysis of thin film probes before and after exposition to plasma
discharges.


title: Integers and Fractions

abstract:
  This article briefly reviews the quantum Hall effect and the contributions of
the winners of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics.


title:
Sonoluminescence as Instrument for the Measurement of Time Parameters of
  Fast Photomultipliers

abstract:
  The apparatus description for control of the time parameters of
photomultipliers with high time resolution is described. For generation of
ultrashort light flashes have been used sonoluminescence effect -- emission of
the light flashes which is appearing at the stressed interior of collapsing air
microbubble by sound wave in water.


title: Suppression of synchrotron radiation due to beam crystallization

abstract:
  With respect to a "hot", non-crystallized beam the synchrotron radiation of a
cold crystallized beam is considerably modified. We predict suppression of
synchrotron radiation emitted by a crystallized beam in a storage ring. We also
propose experiments to detect this effect.


title: Synchrotron radiation of crystallized beams

abstract:
  We study the modifications of synchrotron radiation of charges in a storage
ring as they are cooled. The pair correlation lengths between the charges are
manifest in the synchrotron radiation and coherence effects exist for
wavelengths longer than the coherence lengths between the charges. Therefore
the synchrotron radiation can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the
state (gas, liquid, crystal) of the charged plasma in the storage ring. We show
also that the total power of the synchrotron radiation is enormously reduced
for crystallized beams. This opens the possibility of accelerating particles to
ultra-relativistic energies using small-sized cyclic accelerators.


title: Zeolite-dye micro lasers

abstract:
  We present a new class of micro lasers based on nanoporous molecular sieve
host-guest systems. Organic dye guest molecules of
1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorat were
inserted into the 0.73-nm-wide channel pores of a zeolite AlPO$_4$-5 host. The
zeolitic micro crystal compounds where hydrothermally synthesized according to
a particular host-guest chemical process. The dye molecules are found not only
to be aligned along the host channel axis, but to be oriented as well. Single
mode laser emission at 687 nm was obtained from a whispering gallery mode
oscillating in a 8-$\mu$m-diameter monolithic micro resonator, in which the
field is confined by total internal reflection at the natural hexagonal
boundaries inside the zeolitic microcrystals.


title: Neutrino Propulsion for Interstellar Spacecraft

abstract:
  An exotic spacecraft propulsion technology is described which exploits parity
violation in weak interactions. Anisotropic neutrino emission from a polarized
assembly of weakly interacting particles converts rest mass directly to
spacecraft impulse.


title:
Quantum chaos in multicharged ions and statistical approach to the
  calculation of electron-ion resonant radiative recombination

abstract:
  We show that the spectrum and eigenstates of open-shell multicharged atomic
ions near the ionization threshold are chaotic, as a result of extremely high
level densities of multiply excited electron states ($10^3 eV^{-1}$ in
Au^{24+}) and strong configuration mixing. This complexity enables one to use
statistical methods to analyse the system. We examine the dependence of the
orbital occupation numbers and single-particle energies on the excitation
energy of the system, and show that the occupation numbers are described by the
Fermi-Dirac distribution, and temperature and chemical potential can be
introduced. The Fermi-Dirac temperature is close to the temperature defined
through the canonical distribution. Using a statistical approach we estimate
the contribution of multielectron resonant states to the radiative capture of
low-energy electrons by Au^{25+} and demonstrate that this mechanism fully
accounts for the 10^2 times enhancement of the recombination over the direct
radiative recombination, in agreement with recent experimental observations.


title: A Theory for the Membrane Potential of Living Cells

abstract:
  We give an explicit formula for the membrane potential of cells in terms of
the intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations, and derive equations
for the ionic currents that flow through channels, exchangers and electrogenic
pumps. We demonstrate that the work done by the pumps equals the change in
potential energy of the cell, plus the energy lost in downhill ionic fluxes
through the channels and exchangers. The theory is illustrated in a simple
model of spontaneously active cells in the cardiac pacemaker. The model
predicts the experimentally observed intracellular ionic concentration of
potassium, calcium, and sodium. Likewise the shapes of the simulated action
potential and five membrane currents are in good agreement with experiments. We
do not see any drift in the values of the concentrations in a long time
simulation, and we obtain the same asymptotic values when starting from the
full equilibrium situation with equal intracellular and extracellular ionic
concentrations.


title: The Meaning of Four-dimensional Time

abstract:
  The concept of only One-dimensional time is wrong, time is Four-dimensional.
The light refraction emerges directly that time is four-dimensional to us
perfectly. It translates some thing incomprehensible into easily comprehensible
in natural science, and translates some problems complex into easy. It would
take a great transformation in physics. My paper is a seminal result, from it
was published in Potential Science in 1982, there is no one to oppose, and some
one have new discoveries based on my theory.


title:
A handy method to monitor outputs from a pulsed light source and its
  application to photomultiplier's rate effect studies

abstract:
  In order to study photomultiplier's short-term gain stability at high
counting rate, we constructed an LED pulsed light source and its output monitor
system. For the monitor system, we employed a photon counting method using a
photomultiplier as a monitor photon detector. It is found that the method
offers a simple way to monitor outputs from a pulsed light source and that,
together with an LED light source, it provides a handy way to investigate
photomultiplier's rate effects.


title:
Millisecond and Binary Pulsars as Nature's Frequency Standards. II.
  Effects of Low-Frequency Timing Noise on Residuals and Measured Parameters

abstract:
  Pulsars are the most stable natural frequency standards. They can be applied
to a number of principal problems of modern astronomy and time-keeping
metrology. The full exploration of pulsar properties requires obtaining
unbiased estimates of the spin and orbital parameters. These estimates depend
essentially on the random noise component being revealed in the residuals of
time of arrivals (TOA). In the present paper, the influence of low-frequency
("red") timing noise with spectral indices from 1 to 6 on TOA residuals,
variances, and covariances of estimates of measured parameters of single and
binary pulsars are studied. In order to determine their functional dependence
on time, an analytic technique of processing of observational data in time
domain is developed which takes into account both stationary and non-stationary
components of noise. Our analysis includes a simplified timing model of a
binary pulsar in a circular orbit and procedure of estimation of pulsar
parameters and residuals under the influence of red noise. We reconfirm that
uncorrelated white noise of errors of measurements of TOA brings on gradually
decreasing residuals, variances and covariances of all parameters. On the other
hand, we show that any red noise causes the residuals, variances, and
covariances of certain parameters to increase with time. Hence, the low
frequency noise corrupts our observations and reduces experimental
possibilities for better tests of General Relativity Theory. We also treat in
detail the influence of a polynomial drift of noise on the residuals and
fitting parameters. Results of the analitic analysis are used for discussion of
a statistic describing stabilities of kinematic and dynamic pulsar time scales.


title: Inertia as Emerging of a Hamiltonian Constraint System

abstract:
  The issue of inertia as opposition to acceleration of a massive point
particle in Minkowski space-time is investigated in the context of a
Hamiltonian constraint system. It is shown that the inertia as a
locally-originating force in Minkowski space-time may emerge due to a global
constraint.


title: Aplications of Dimensional Analysis to Cosmology

abstract:
  In this paper we apply dimensional analysis (D.A.) to two cosmological
models: Einstein-de Sitter and one Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) with
radiation predominance. We believe that this method leads to the simplest form
of solution the differential equations that arise in both models and would be
useful as a base for the solution of more complex models. The aim of the paper
is therefore rather pedagogical since it tries to show different dimensional
techniques.


title: Some FRW models with variable G and cosmological constant

abstract:
  We consider several model with metric type FRW, with k=0 and with generic
equation of state. We take into account too, the conservation principle for the
energy-momentum tensor. We find trivially, a set of solutions through
dimensional analysis. We emphasite that the solution for G depend on the
equation of state and for the cosmological constant no.


title: Enlargement of Planck`s System of Absolute Units

abstract:
  In this paper, we want to make to see the convenience of the amplification of
the Planck`s system of absolute units through the introduction of two new
constant, the dynamical constant and the permitividad of the vacuum upon
rejecting that the electron charge has mechanical dimensions and adopting it as
Planck`s charge. We apply these results to clarify the homogeneity and isotropy
in the very early universe.


title:
Stability of Uniform Rectilinear Motion of Charged Shell in Sommerfeld
  Model with Self-Action

abstract:
  It is proved that in classical electrodynamics the uniform rectilinear motion
of charged "rigid" sphere with self-action (Sommerfeld model) is stable.


title:
Symplectic tracking using point magnets and a reference orbit made of
  circular arcs and straight lines

abstract:
  Symplectic tracking of beam particles using point magnets is achieved using a
reference orbit made of circular arcs and straight lines that join smoothly
with each other. For this choice of the reference orbit, results are given for
the transfer functions, transfer matrices, and the transit times of the magnets
and drift spaces. These results provide a symplectic integrator, and allow the
linear orbit parameters to be computed by multiplying transfer matrices. It is
shown that this integrator is a second-order integrator, and that the transfer
functions can be derived from a hamiltonian.


title: Evolution in time-dependent fitness landscapes

abstract:
  Evolution in changing environments is an important, but little studied aspect
of the theory of evolution. The idea of adaptive walks in fitness landscapes
has triggered a vast amount of research and has led to many important insights
about the progress of evolution. Nevertheless, the small step to time-dependent
fitness landscapes has most of the time not been taken. In this work, some
elements of a theory of adaptive walks on changing fitness landscapes are
proposed, and are subsequently applied to and tested on a simple family of
time-dependent fitness landscapes, the oscillating NK landscapes, also
introduced here. For these landscapes, the parameter governing the evolutionary
dynamics is the fraction of static fitness contributions f_S. For small f_S,
local optima are virtually non-existent, and the adaptive walk constantly
encounters new genotypes, whereas for large f_S, the evolutionary dynamics
reduces to the one on static fitness landscapes. Evidence is presented that the
transition between the two regimes is a 2nd order phase transition akin a
percolation transition. For f_S close to the critical point, a rich dynamics
can be observed. The adaptive walk gets trapped in noisy limit cycles, and
transitions from one noisy limit cycle to another occur sporadically.


title:
Geometrical Realization of Beutler-Fano formulas appearing in eigenphase
  shifts and time delays in multichannel scattering

abstract:
  Recently, we showed that eigenphase shifts and eigentime delays near a
resonance for a system of one discrete state and two continua are functionals
of the Beutler-Fano formula using appropriate dimensionless energy units and
line profile indices and identified parameters responsible for the avoided
crossing of eigenphase shifts and eigentime delays and also identified
parameters responsible for the eigentime delays due to a change in frame
transformation.
  In this paper, the geometrical realization of the Beutler-Fano formulas is
considered in the three-dimensional Liouville space spanned by the Pauli
matrices, where dynamic operators are vectors. Vectors corresponding to the
background scattering matrix, the S matrix, and the time delay matrix Q form a
spherical triangle whose vertex and edge angles are parameters pertaining to
the frame transformations among eigenchannels of those matrices and eigenphase
shifts of the scattering matrices and the phase shift due to a resonance
scattering. The cotangent laws of the spherical triangle yield Beutler-Fano
resonance formulas appearing in eigenphase shifts and time delays. Duality
holding for the spherical triangle explains the symmetry observed in the
relations among parameters and provides a systematic way of defining conjugate
dynamic parameters. The spherical triangle also shows the rule of combining the
channel-channel couplings in the background scattering with the resonant
interaction to give the avoided crossing interactions in the curves of
eigenphase shifts as functions of eneryg.
  The theory developed in the previous and present papers is applied to the
vibrational predissociation of triatomic van der Waals molecules.


title: Prismane C_8: A New Form of Carbon?

abstract:
  Our numerical calculations on small carbon clusters point to the existence of
a metastable three-dimensional eight-atom cluster C$_8$ which has a shape of a
six-atom triangular prism with two excess atoms above and below its bases. We
gave this cluster the name "prismane". The binding energy of the prismane
equals to 5.1 eV/atom, i.e., is 0.45 eV/atom lower than the binding energy of
the stable one-dimensional eight-atom cluster and 2.3 eV/atom lower than the
binding energy of the bulk graphite or diamond. Molecular dynamics simulations
give evidence for a rather high stability of the prismane, the activation
energy for a prismane decay being about 0.8 eV. The prismane lifetime increases
rapidly as the temperature decreases indicating a possibility of experimental
observation of this cluster.


title: A brief History of the Earth

abstract:
  The possibility of an increasing gravitational constant $G$ and its
implication on the Earth's history are discussed. The model is consistent with
geophysical and astronomical data. The number of days in early epochs predicted
by the model is in agreement with those obtained from fossil corals. The model
predicts that the Earth was initially cold and is gradually heating up during
its course of evolution. The exact law for the variation of $G$ is still to be
obtained from the variation of the
  Earth's parameters with cosmic expansion.


title: New Physics Discovery Potential in Future Experiments

abstract:
  We propose a method to estimate the probability of new physics discovery in
future high energy physics experiments. Physics simulation gives both the
average numbers <Nb> of background and <Ns> of signal events. We find that the
proper definition of the significance for <Nb>, <Ns> >> 1 is S_{12} =
sqrt(<Ns>+<Nb>) - sqrt(<Nb>) in comparison with often used significances S_1 =
<Ns>/sqrt(<Nb>) and S_2 = <N_s>/sqrt(<Ns> + <Nb>). We propose a method for
taking into account the systematical errors related to nonexact knowledge of
background and signal cross sections. An account of such systematics is very
essential in the search for supersymmetry at LHC. We also propose a method for
estimation of exclusion limits on new physics in future experiments.


title:
Identification of the Beutler-Fano formula in eigenphase shifts and
  eigentime delays near a resonance

abstract:
  Eigenphase shifts and eigentime delays near a resonance for a system of one
discrete state and two continua are shown to be functionals of the Beutler-
Fano formulas using appropriate dimensionless energy units and line profile
indices. Parameters responsible for the avoided crossing of eigenphase shifts
and eigentime delays are identified. Similarly, parameters responsible for the
eigentime delays due to a frame change are identified. With the help of new
parameters, an analogy with the spin model is pursued for the S matrix and time
delay matrix. The time delay matrix is shown to comprise three terms, one due
to resonance, one due to a avoided crossing interaction, and one due to a frame
change. It is found that the squared sum of time delays due to the avoided
crossing interaction and frame change is unity.


title: The dielectric behavior of the living cell suspensions

abstract:
  In the limit of small concentrations and weak applied electric fields, the
dielectric permittivity of suspensions of arbitrarily shaped, shelled and
charged particles is calculated. It is proved that the dielectric behavior at
low frequencies is dominated by the effects of the diffusion of the free
charges on the shell surfaces. Our theoretical formula is valid in the low
range of frequencies (alpha dispersion) as well as in the high range of
frequencies (beta dispersion). Will result that one can measure the membrane
electrical potential by a simple investigation of the living cell suspension
dielectric properties.


title:
Solution to the ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors and
  Photo Multiplier Tubes

abstract:
  A general solution to the positive ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon
Detectors (HPD), photo multipliers (PM) and other similar detectors was found
in the insertion of a permanent electrostatic potential barrier which prevents
drift of positive ions from the anode, or the first dynode, towards the
photocathode. In this paper we present the method as applied to the Intevac
HPD.


title: Finite Rotations

abstract:
  We present an elementary discussion of two basic properties of angular
displacements, namely, the anticommutation of finite rotations and the
commutation of infinitesimal rotations, and show how commutation is achieved as
the angular displacements get smaller and smaller.


title: The Genetic Code as a Chronicle of Early Events in the Origin of Life

abstract:
  Molecular evidence regarding the genetic code has been examined and the
findings on the nature of the early events responsible for the amino acid
distribution in the code are reported.


title: A Note on Eye Movement

abstract:
  In a simplified fashion, the motion of the eyeball in its orbit consists of
rotations around a fixed point. Therefore, this motion can be described in
terms of the Euler's angles of rigid body dynamics. However, there is a
physiological constraint in the motion of the eye which reduces to two its
degrees of freedom. This paper reviews the basic features of the kinematics of
the eye and the laws governing its motion.


title: Symmetry Adaptation in Two-Photon Spectroscopy

abstract:
  Symmetry adaptation techniques are applied to the determination of the
intensity of two-photon transitions for transition ions in finite symmetry
environments. We treat the case of intra-configurational transitions with some
details and briefly report some results on inter-configurational transitions.
In particular, for intra-configurational transitions, we describe a model which
takes into account the following ingredients: symmetry, second- plus third-
order mechanisms, S-, L- and J-mixings.


title:
Two-Photon Laser Spectroscopy of Transition Ions in Crystals: Inter-
  Configurational Transitions

abstract:
  Symmetry adaptation techniques are applied to the determination of the
intensity of two-photon absorption transitions, between Stark levels of
configurations with opposite parities, for transition ions in finite symmetry
environments. The equivalence between third-order mechanisms and second- plus
first-order mechanisms is clearly established. A compact formula is derived for
the intensity of a two-photon transition between two levels with well-defined
symmetries. A set of (selection) rules which controls the number of intensity
parameters for inter-configurational transitions is given. The formalism is
illustrated with the case of an ion with 4f configuration in tetragonal
symmetry.


title:
Magnetic field profiling for selected-states magnetic-resonance
  spectroscopy (SSMRS) and Stern-Gerlach spectroscopy (MGRS) in condensed
  matter

abstract:
  A method was presented of profiling the magnetic field, with a zero vector of
magnetic flux density $B_{r}$ and strong gradient G, enabling conditions for
the Stern-Gerlach spectroscopy to be accomplished in condensed matter (the
method has been called magnetic field gradient spectroscopy - MGRS), as well
the previously proposed magnetic resonance spectroscopy for selected energy
states (SSMRS). Magnetic field distribution in a model electromagnet were shown
when condition $B_{r}= 0$ for resultant magnetic field was satisfied within the
sample


title:
Symmetry Adaptation and Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Ions in Molecular or
  Solid-State Finite Symmetry

abstract:
  Finite symmetry adaptation techniques are applied to the determination of the
intensity strength of two-photon transitions for ions with one partly-filled
shell nl in crystalline environments of symmetry G. We treat the case of intra-
configurational transitions as well as the case of inter-configurational
transitions. In both cases, the Wigner-Racah algebra of the chain O(3) > G
allows to extract the polarization dependence from the intensity. The reported
results are valid for any strength of the crystalline field.


title: Sum Rules for Multi-Photon Spectroscopy of Ions in Finite Symmetry

abstract:
  Models describing one- and two-photon transitions for ions in crystalline
environments are unified and extended to the case of parity-allowed and parity-
forbidden p-photon transitions. The number of independent parameters for
characterizing the polarization dependence is shown to depend on an ensemble of
properties and rules which combine symmetry considerations and physical models.


title: Chance and Necessity in Evolution: Lessons from RNA

abstract:
  The relationship between sequences and secondary structures or shapes in RNA
exhibits robust statistical properties summarized by three notions: (1) the
notion of a typical shape (that among all sequences of fixed length certain
shapes are realized much more frequently than others), (2) the notion of shape
space covering (that all typical shapes are realized in a small neighborhood of
any random sequence), and (3) the notion of a neutral network (that sequences
folding into the same typical shape form networks that percolate through
sequence space). Neutral networks loosen the requirements on the mutation rate
for selection to remain effective. The original (genotypic) error threshold has
to be reformulated in terms of a phenotypic error threshold. With regard to
adaptation, neutrality has two seemingly contradictory effects: It acts as a
buffer against mutations ensuring that a phenotype is preserved. Yet it is
deeply enabling, because it permits evolutionary change to occur by allowing
the sequence context to vary silently until a single point mutation can become
phenotypically consequential. Neutrality also influences predictability of
adaptive trajectories in seemingly contradictory ways. On the one hand it
increases the uncertainty of their genotypic trace. At the same time neutrality
structures the access from one shape to another, thereby inducing a topology
among RNA shapes which permits a distinction between continuous and
discontinuous shape transformations. To the extent that adaptive trajectories
must undergo such transformations, their phenotypic trace becomes more
predictable.


title:
Comment on ``Statistical Mechanics of a Nonlinear Model for DNA
  Denaturation''

abstract:
  In this letter, we point out the inaccurate figures in a letter by Peyrard
and Bishop, who investigated the statistical mechanics of a nonlinear model for
DNA denaturation. We give the correct figures.


title:
The Network Solution For Electron Identification in a Wide Momentum
  Region with a TRD

abstract:
  A Feed Forward Error Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network(ANN)
algorithm is developed for electron/positron identification in a wide momentum
region (10 - 300 GeV/c). The method was proposed for the Transition Radiation
Detector of the E781 experiment at Fermilab. The package consists of two parts:
  - the program for the ANN training;
  - the particle classification subroutine.
  Both parts are built using the object oriented technique and C++ language.
The particle identification algorithm is wrapped in FORTRAN closers to be used
in the E781 off-line program. The package performance was tested in comparison
with the likelihood ratio method using Monte Carlo generated data. Our study
has demonstrated the excellent ability of the ANN to learn even small details
of the detector response function. The ANN solution gives the same performance
and behavior as the likelihood method when using Monte Carlo data with known
detector parameters. It demonstrates that if trained with experimental data the
package can provide a very good solution to the classification problem of
$e^+/e^-$ tracks.


title: The Solar Numbers in Angkor Wat

abstract:
  The great Vishnu temple at Angkor Wat in north-central Kampuchea (Cambodia)
is known to have been built according to an astronomical plan. In this note we
show that the little-understood solar formula of the temple is identical to the
one in the 2nd millennium BC Indian text called Shatapatha Brahmana. We propose
that the Angkor Wat formula was an expression of the Shatapatha astronomy.


title: Spectrum of Neutral Helium in Strong Magnetic Fields

abstract:
  We present extensive and accurate calculations for the excited state spectrum
of spin-polarized neutral helium in a range of magnetic field strengths up to
$10^{12}$ G. Of considerable interest to models of magnetic white dwarf stellar
atmospheres, we also present results for the dipole strengths of the low lying
transitions among these states. Our methods rely on a systematically saturated
basis set approach to solving the Hartree--Fock self-consistent field
equations, combined with an ``exact'' stochastic method to estimate the
residual basis set truncation error and electron correlation effects. We also
discuss the applicability of the adiabatic approximation to strongly magnetized
multi-electron atoms.


title: Hydrodynamic interactions betweem many spheres

abstract:
  This paper is an introductory guide to many-particle hydrodynamic
interactions. Basic concepts of the fluid dynamics are assumed to be known.
Experience in the Stokes equations is useful but not necessary. The study is
estimated to fit five sessions about three hours each.


title: Variational calculations on the hydrogen molecular ion

abstract:
  We present high-precision non-relativistic variational calculations of bound
vibrational-rotational state energies for the $H_2^+$ and $D_2^+$ molecular
ions in each of the lowest electronic states of $\Sigma_g$, $\Sigma_u$, and
$\Pi_u$ symmetry. The calculations are carried out including coupling between
$\Sigma$ and $\Pi$ states but without using the Born-Oppenheimer or any
adiabatic approximation. Convergence studies are presented which indicate that
the resulting energies for low-lying levels are accurate to about $10^{-13}$.
Our procedure accounts naturally for the lambda-doubling of the $\Pi_u$ state.


title:
Enhancement factor for the electron electric dipole moment in francium
  and gold atoms

abstract:
  If electrons had an electric dipole moment (EDM) they would induce EDMs of
atoms. The ratio of the atomic EDM to the electron EDM for a particular atom is
called the enhancement factor, R. We calculate the enhancement factor for the
francium and gold atoms, with the results 910 plus/minus 5% for Fr and 260
plus/minus 15% for Au. The large values of these enhancement factors make these
atoms attractive for electron EDM measurements, and hence the search for
time-reversal invariance violation.


title:
Jeffreys priors versus experienced physicist priors - arguments against
  objective Bayesian theory

abstract:
  I review the problem of the choice of the priors from the point of view of a
physicist interested in measuring a physical quantity, and I try to show that
the reference priors often recommended for the purpose (Jeffreys priors) do not
fit to the problem. Although it may seem surprising, it is easier for an
``experienced physicist'' to accept subjective priors, or even purely
subjective elicitation of probabilities, without explicit use of the Bayes'
theorem. The problem of the use of reference priors is set in the more general
context of ``Bayesian dogmatism'', which could really harm Bayesianism.


title: Bayesian reasoning versus conventional statistics in High Energy Physics

abstract:
  The intuitive reasoning of physicists in conditions of uncertainty is closer
to the Bayesian approach than to the frequentist ideas taught at University and
which are considered the reference framework for handling statistical problems.
The combination of intuition and conventional statistics allows practitioners
to get results which are very close, both in meaning and in numerical value, to
those obtainable by Bayesian methods, at least in simple routine applications.
There are, however, cases in which ``arbitrary'' probability inversions produce
unacceptable or misleading results and in these cases the conscious application
of Bayesian reasoning becomes crucial. Starting from these considerations, I
will finally comment on the often debated question: ``is there any chance that
all physicists will become Bayesian?''

categories: physics.data-an astro-ph hep-ph math.PR nucl-ex physics.ed-ph


title: Mixed Weyl Symbol Calculus and Spectral Line Shape Theory

abstract:
  A new and computationally viable full quantum version of line shape theory is
obtained in terms of a mixed Weyl symbol calculus. The basic ingredient in the
collision--broadened line shape theory is the time dependent dipole
autocorrelation function of the radiator-perturber system. The observed
spectral intensity is the Fourier transform of this correlation function. A
modified form of the Wigner--Weyl isomorphism between quantum operators and
phase space functions (Weyl symbols) is introduced in order to describe the
quantum structure of this system. This modification uses a partial Wigner
transform in which the radiator-perturber relative motion degrees of freedom
are transformed into a phase space dependence, while operators associated with
the internal molecular degrees of freedom are kept in their original Hilbert
space form. The result of this partial Wigner transform is called a mixed Weyl
symbol. The star product, Moyal bracket and asymptotic expansions native to the
mixed Weyl symbol calculus are determined. The correlation function is
represented as the phase space integral of the product of two mixed symbols:
one corresponding to the initial configuration of the system, the other being
its time evolving dynamical value. There are, in this approach, two
semiclassical expansions -- one associated with the perturber scattering
process, the other with the mixed symbol star product. These approximations are
used in combination to obtain representations of the autocorrelation that are
sufficiently simple to allow numerical calculation. The leading O(\hbar^0)
approximation recovers the standard classical path approximation for line
shapes. The higher order O(\hbar^1) corrections arise from the noncommutative
nature of the star product.


title: Nonlinear Theory of Fields

abstract:
  Suggested modification of the Einstein-Maxwell system, such that Maxwell
equations become non-gauge and nonlinear. The theory is based on assumption
that observable (i.e., felt by particles) metric is $ {\tilde{g}}_{ab} = g_{ab}
- l^2{A}_a{A}_b$, where $g_{ab}$ is metric (found from Einstein equations),
$A_a$ is electromagnetic potential, and $l$ is fundamental constant of the
theory. Specific model of the mass and charge densities of a fundamental
particle is considered. As a result, one obtains solutions corresponding to
quantized electrical charge with spectrum $q_{n} = {{2n}\over3}e$ and $q'_{n} =
-{(2n+1)\over3}e$, where $n = 0, 1, 2, ...$ Theory predicts Coulomb interaction
between electrical charges and masses. Namely, if ($m, e$) and ($m',e'$)
describe masses and electrical charges of two particles respectively, then
energy of interaction (in non-relativistic limit) is $V(r) = [ee' - kmm' -
\sqrt k(em' + e'm)]/r$. It follows, then, that the Earth's mass, $M_E$,
contributes negative electrical charge, $Q_E = - \sqrt k M_E$, which explains
why primary cosmic rays consist mainly of positively charged particles. One may
attribute the fairweather electric field at the Earth's surface to the charge
$Q_E$.


title:
Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed by Living and
  Migrating Cells

abstract:
  In culture migrating and interacting amoeboid cells can form nematic liquid
crystal phases. A polar nematic liquid crystal is formed if the interaction has
a polar symmetry. One type of white blood cells (granulocytes) form clusters
where the cells are oriented towards the center. The core of such an
orientational defect (disclination) is either a granulocyte forced to be in an
isotropic state or another cell type like a monocyte. An apolar nematic liquid
crystal is formed if the interaction has an apolar symmetry. Different cell
types like human melanocytes (=pigment cells of the skin), human fibroblasts
(=connective tissue cells), human osteoblasts (=bone cells), human adipocytes
(= fat cells) etc., form an apolar nematic liquid crystal. The orientational
elastic energy is derived and the orientational defects (disclination) of
nematic liquid crystals are investigated. The existence of half-numbered
disclinations show that the nematic phase has an apolar symmetry. The density-
and order parameter dependence of the orientational elastic constants and their
absolute values are estimated. From the defect structure, one finds that the
splay elastic constant is smaller than the bend elastic constant (melanocytes).
The core of a disclination is either a cell free space or occupied by non
oriented cells (isotropic phase) or occupied by a cell with a different
symmetry or occupied by another cell type.


title:
The Relativity of Discovery: Hilbert's First Note on the Foundations of
  Physics

abstract:
  Hilbert's paper on ``The Foundations of Physics (First Communication),'' is
now primarily known for its parallel publication of essentially the same
gravitational field equations of general relativity which Einstein published in
a note on ``The Field Equations of Gravitation,'' five days later, on November
25, 1915. An intense correspondence between Hilbert and Einstein in the crucial
month of November 1915, furthermore, confronts the historian with a case of
parallel research and with the associated problem of reconstructing the
interaction between Hilbert and Einstein at that time.
  Previous assessments of these issues have recently been challenged by Leo
Corry, J\"urgen Renn, and John Stachel who draw attention to a hitherto
unnoticed first set of proofs for Hilbert's note. These proofs bear a printer's
stamp of December 6 and display substantial differences to the published
version. By focussing on the consequences of these findings for the
reconstruction of Einstein's path towards general relativity, a number of
questions about Hilbert's role in the episode, however, are left open. To what
extent did Hilbert react to Einstein? What were Hilbert's research concerns in
his note, and how did they come to overlap with Einstein's to some extent in
the fall of 1915? How did Hilbert and Einstein regard each other and their
concurrent activities at the time? What did Hilbert hope to achieve, and what,
after all, did he achieve?
  With these questions in mind I discuss in this paper Hilbert's first note on
the ``Foundations of Physics,'' its prehistory and characteristic features,
and, for heuristic purposes, I do so largely from Hilbert's perspective.


title:
Ionization equilibrium and equation of state of hydrogen plasmas in
  strong magnetic fields

abstract:
  We study hydrogen plasmas at magnetic fields B ~ 10^{12}-10^{13} Gauss,
densities ~ 10^{-3}-10^3 g/cc and temperatures T ~ 10^{5.5}-10^{6.5} K, typical
of photospheres of middle-aged cooling neutron stars. We construct an
analytical free energy model of the partially ionized plasma, including into
consideration the decentred atomic states, which arise due to the thermal
motion across the strong field. We show that these states, neglected in
previous studies, may contribute appreciably into thermodynamics of the outer
atmospheric layers at density below 1 g/cc and typical B and T. We take into
account Coulomb non-ideality of the ionized component of the plasma affected by
intense magnetic field. Ionization degree, occupancies and equation of state
are calculated, and their dependences on the temperature, density and magnetic
field are studied.


title: Ion structure factors and electron transport in dense Coulomb plasmas

abstract:
  The dynamical structure factor of a Coulomb crystal of ions is calculated at
arbitrary temperature below the melting point taking into account multi-phonon
processes in the harmonic approximation. In a strongly coupled Coulomb ion
liquid, the static structure factor is split into two parts, a
Bragg-diffraction-like one, describing incipient long-range order structures,
and an inelastic part corresponding to thermal ion density fluctuations. It is
assumed that the diffractionlike scattering does not lead to the electron
relaxation in the liquid phase. This assumption, together with the inclusion of
multi-phonon processes in the crystalline phase, eliminates large
discontinuities of the transport coefficients (jumps of the thermal and
electric conductivities, as well as shear viscosity, reported previously) at a
melting point.


title:
Counterintuitive transitions in multistate curve crossing involving
  linear potentials

abstract:
  Two problems incorporating a set of horizontal linear potentials crossed by a
sloped linear potential are analytically solved and compared with numerical
results: (a) the case where boundary conditions are specified at the ends of a
finite interval, and (b) the case where the sloped linear potential is replaced
by a piecewise-linear sloped potential and the boundary conditions are
specified at infinity. In the approximation of small gaps between the
horizontal potentials, an approach similar to the one used for the degenerate
problem (Yurovsky V A and Ben-Reuven A 1998 J. Phys. B 31,1) is applicable for
both problems. The resulting scattering matrix has a form different from the
semiclassical result obtained by taking the product of Landau-Zener amplitudes.
Counterintuitive transitions involving a pair of successive crossings, in which
the second crossing precedes the first one along the direction of motion, are
allowed in both models considered here.


title: Photonic quantum ring laser

abstract:
  We report a quantum ring-like toroidal cavity naturally formed in a
vertical-cavity-like active microdisk plane due to Rayleigh's band of
whispering gallery modes. The $\sqrt{T}$-dependent redshift and a square-law
property of microampere-range threshold currents down to 2 $\mu$A are
consistent with a photonic quantum wire view, due to whispering gallery
mode-induced dimensional reduction.


title: About the nonlocal particle-field matter

abstract:
  We propose that particles are associated both with localized macroscopic
states at point vertices and with extended microscopic states at all vacuum
points. The self-fields screen the microscopic particle currents everywhere
except at the particle vertex, observed as a point mass/charge carrier of such
a nonlocal particle-field object. All vertices are excluded from the
microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz and Einstein-type equations for elementary objects
with continuous particle densities. The geodesic particle motion depends on a
vector force with unified electromagnetic and gravitational components. The
advanced gravitational wave, which will never come from infinity at finite
times, and the retarded electromagnetic wave are vector anti-waves. Curved
pseudo-Riemannian space-time always maintains flat 3D space that is in
agreement with the measurements of planetary perihelion precession,
gravitational light bending, radar echo delay, and the nearly isotropic 2.73K
cosmic microwave background. The developed synthesis of gravity with
electrodynamics and the particle with its field corresponds to the predicted
way of double unification and the Rainich-Misner criterion.


title:
Inelastic Processes in the Collision of Relativistic Highly Charged Ions
  with Atoms

abstract:
  A general expression for the cross sections of inelastic collisions of fast
(including relativistic) multicharged ions with atoms which is based on the
genelazition of the eikonal approximation is derived. This expression is
applicable for wide range of collision energy and has the standard
nonrelativistic limit and in the ultrarelativistic limit coincides with the
Baltz's exact solution ~\cite{art13} of the Dirac equation. As an application
of the obtained result the following processes are calculated: the excitation
and ionization cross sections of hydrogenlike atom; the single and double
excitation and ionization of heliumlike atom; the multiply ionization of neon
and argon atoms; the probability and cross section of K-vacancy production in
the relativistic $U^{92+} - U^{91+}$ collision. The simple analytic formulae
for the cross sections of inelastic collisions and the recurrence relations
between the ionization cross sections of different multiplicities are also
obtained. Comparison of our results with the experimental data and the results
of other calculations are given.


title:
Quantum-mechanical calculation of Stark widths of Ne VII n=3, $\Delta
  n=0$ transitions

abstract:
  The Stark widths of the Ne VII 2s3s-2s3p singlet and triplet lines are
calculated in the impact approximation using quantum-mechanical Convergent
Close-Coupling and Coulomb-Born-Exchange approximations. It is shown that the
contribution from inelastic collisions to the line widths exceeds the elastic
width contribution by about an order of magnitude. Comparison with the line
widths measured in a hot dense plasma of a gas-liner pinch indicates a
significant difference which may be naturally explained by non-thermal Doppler
effects from persistent implosion velocities or turbulence developed during the
pinch implosion. Contributions to the line width from different partial waves
and types of interactions are discussed as well.


title:
Polarization of the Tagged Compton Backscattered Laser Photons. Results
  of Monte Carlo Simulation

abstract:
  Polarization characteristics of the gamma beam obtained by the Compton back
scattering of laser photons on high energy electrons are evaluated by
Monte-Carlo simulations.
  It is assumed that outgoing photons are tagged; the energy dispersion of the
tagging photons and emittance of the initial electrons are taken into account.
Dependence of the final photon polarization parameters on measured photon
energy is obtained. It is shown that polarization of final photons is
decreasing with change for the worth of the tagging energy resolution.
Calculations have been applied for the storage ring SIBERIA-2 at Kurchatov
Institute. The obtained results indicate a reasonability for construction of
gamma-polarimeters on existing and planned facilities for the on-line
measurement of the final photon beam polarization.


title: Influence of the second viscosity on the flow propagation

abstract:
  We found the energetic stability criteria of non-equilibrium gase plain
flows.


title: One class of integrals evaluation in magnet solitons theory

abstract:
  An analytical-numeric calculation method of extremely complicated integrals
is presented. These integrals appear often in magnet soliton theory. The
appropriate analytical continuation and a corresponding integration contour
allow to reduce the calculation of wide class of integrals to a numeric search
of integrand denominator roots (in a complex plane) and a subsequent residue
calculations. The acceleration of series convergence of residue sum allows to
reach the high relative accuracy limited only by roundoff error in case when
$10\div 15$ terms are taken into account. The circumscribed algorithm is
realized in the C program and tested on the example allowing analytical
solution. The program was also used to calculate some typical integrals that
can not be expressed through elementary functions. In this case the control of
calculation accuracy was made by means of one-dimensional numerical integration
procedure.


title: The use of the algebraic programming in teaching general relativity

abstract:
  The article presents some aspects on the use of computer in teaching general
relativity for undergraduate students with some experience in computer
manipulation. The article presents some simple algebraic programming (in
REDUCE+EXCALC package) procedures for obtaining and the study of some exact
solutions of the Einstein equations in order to convince a dedicated student in
general relativity about the utility of a computer algebra system.


title:
Ground state and vortex states of bosons in an anisotropic trap: A
  variational approach

abstract:
  We propose a simple variational form of the wave function to describe the
ground state and vortex states of a system of weakly interacting Bose gas in an
anisotropic trap. The proposed wave function is valid for a wide range of the
particle numbers in the trap. It also works well in the case of attractive
interaction between the atoms. Further, it provides an easy and fast method to
calculate the physical quantities of interest. The results compare very well
with those obtained by purely numerical techniques. Using our wave function we
have been able to verify, for the first time, the predicted behaviour of aspect
ratio.


title:
Causal, psychological, and electrodynamic time arrows as consequences of
  the thermodynamic time arrow

abstract:
  A clear explanation is given on how the causal, psychological, and
electrodynamic time arrows emerge from the thermodynamic time arrow.


title: Some FRW viscous models with variable G, c and cosmological constant

abstract:
  We consider several viscous model with metric type FRW, with k=0 and with
generic equation of state. We take into account too, the conservation principle
for the energy-momentum tensor. We find trivially, a set of solutions through
dimensional analysis.


title:
Drag and lift forces for the thin body in the supersonic flow of the
  non-equilibrium gas

abstract:
  The classical problem of the fluid mechanics is the problem of a supersonic
motion around a thin body was generalized to the case of non-equilibrium gas.
The drag and lift force coefficients were founded. It is shown that the drag
and lift force coefficients in the acoustically active supersonic flow are both
decreased


title: How to Describe Photons as (3+1)-Solitons?

abstract:
  This paper aims to present the pure field part of the newly developed
nonlinear {\it Extended Electrodynamics} [1]-[3] in non-relativistic terms,
i.e. in terms of the electric and magnetic vector fields (${\mathbf E},{\mathbf
B}$), and to give explicitly those (3+1)-soliton solutions of the new equations
which have the integral properties of photons. The set of solutions to the new
equations contains all solutions to Maxwell's equations as a subclass, as well
as, new solutions, called nonlinear. The important characteristics {\it scale
factor}, {\it amplitude function}, and {\it phase function} of a nonlinear
solution are defined in a coordinate free way and effectively used. The
nonlinear solutions are identified through the non-zero values of two
appropriately defined vector fields $\vec{\cal F}$ and $\vec{\cal M}$, as well
as, through the finite values of the corresponding scale factors. The intrinsic
angular momentum (spin) is also defined. A limited superposition principle
(interference of nonlinear solutions), yielding the well known classical {\it
coherence} conditions, is found to exist.

categories: physics.optics hep-th nlin.PS patt-sol physics.atom-ph quant-ph


title:
Ionization dynamics in intense pulsed laser radiation. Effects of
  frequency chirping

abstract:
  Via a non-perturbative method we study the population dynamics and
photoelectron spectra of Cs atoms subject to intense chirped laser pulses, with
gaussian beams. We include above threshold ionization spectral peaks. The
frequency of the laser is near resonance with the 6s-7p transition. Dominant
couplings are included exactly, weaker ones accounted for perturbatively. We
calculate the relevant transition matrix elements, including spin-orbit
coupling. The pulse is taken to be a hyperbolic secant in time and the chirping
a hyperbolic tangent. This choice allows the equations of motions for the
probability amplitudes to be solved analytically as a series expansion in the
variable u=(tanh(pi t/tau)+1)/2, where tau is a measure of the pulse length. We
find that the chirping changes the ionization dynamics and the photoelectron
spectra noticeably, especially for longer pulses of the order of 10^4 a.u. The
peaks shift and change in height, and interference effects between the 7p
levels are enhanced or diminished according to the amount of chirping and its
sign. The integrated ionization probability is not strongly affected.


title: Parallelization of adaptive MC Integrators---Recent pvegas developments

abstract:
  This paper shortly describes some important changes to the pvegas-code since
its first publication. It proceeds with a report on the scaling-behavior that
was found on a wide range of current parallel hardware and discusses some
issues of optimization that may be thrown up.


title:
Superluminal motions (and microwave propagation) in Special Relativity:
  Solution of the causal paradoxes

abstract:
  Some recent experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence and Vienna
led to the claim that something seems to travel with a speed larger than the
speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in
the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet-type solutions of Maxwell
equations have been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that travel
with Superluminal speed. Even muonic and electronic neutrinos --it has been
proposed-- might be "tachyons", since their square mass appears to be negative;
not to mention the apparent Superluminal expansions observed in the core of
quasars and, recently, in the so-called galactic microquasars. In the first
part of this paper we verify, on the basis of the numerical solution of Maxwell
equations, that waves propagating down a microwave guide can travel with
Superluminal group velocity, just confirming some of the previously mentioned
experimental results. Then, we have to face the question of Superluminal
motions within the theory of Special Relativity. It is not widely recognized
that all such theoretical and experimental results do not place relativistic
causality in jeopardy. For instance, it is possible (at least in microphysics)
to solve also the known causal paradoxes, devised for "faster than light"
motion. Here we show, in detail and rigorously, how to solve the oldest causal
paradox, originally proposed by Tolman, which is the kernel of many further
tachyon paradoxes. The key to the solution is a careful application of tachyon
mechanics, as it unambiguously follows from Special Relativity. [Subj-classes:
Classical Physics, Special Relativity, Optics, General Physics, Microwaves,
Evanescent Waves, Tunnelling Photons]


title:
Semiclassical time--dependent propagation in three dimensions: How
  accurate is it for a Coulomb potential?

abstract:
  A unified semiclassical time propagator is used to calculate the
semiclassical time-correlation function in three cartesian dimensions for a
particle moving in an attractive Coulomb potential. It is demonstrated that
under these conditions the singularity of the potential does not cause any
difficulties and the Coulomb interaction can be treated as any other
non-singular potential. Moreover, by virtue of our three-dimensional
calculation, we can explain the discrepancies between previous semiclassical
and quantum results obtained for the one-dimensional radial Coulomb problem.


title: A Formula for the Rotation Periods of the Planets & Asteroids

abstract:
  The note presents a formula for the prediction of the rotation periods of the
planets and asteroids. This formula, which is like the Titius-Bode law, gives a
good agreement with the rotation periods of most planets, shows that Venus is
retrograde, and that there must be five objects between Mars and Jupiter. This
formula may be of some relevance in understanding the dynamics of the early
solar system.


title:
An Integrated Circuit for Signal Processing of the AMS RICH
  Photmultipliers Tubes

abstract:
  An analog integrated circuit has been designed, in a BiCMOS 0.8 micron
technology, for the feasability study of the signal processing of the AMS RICH
photomultiplier tubes. This low power, three channel gated integrator includes
its own gate and no external analog delay is requiered. It processes PMT pulses
over a dynamic range of more than 100. A logic output that indicates whether
the analog charge has to be considered is provided. This gated integrator is
used with a compact DSP based acquisition system in a 132 channels RICH
prototype. The charge calibration of each channel is carried out using a LED.
The pedestal measurement is performed on activation of a dedicated input. The
noise contribution study of the input RC network and amplifiers is presented.


title: Lifetimes of agents under external stress

abstract:
  An exact formula for the distribution of lifetimes in coherent-noise models
and related models is derived. For certain stress distributions, this formula
can be analytically evaluated and yields simple closed expressions. For those
types of stress for which a closed expression is not available, a numerical
evaluation can be done in a straightforward way. All results obtained are in
perfect agreement with numerical experiments. The implications for the
coherent-noise models' application to macroevolution are discussed.

categories: physics.data-an adap-org cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.AO physics.bio-ph


title:
Evidence for a singularity in ideal magnetohydrodynamics: implications
  for fast reconnection

abstract:
  Numerical evidence for a finite-time singularity in ideal 3D
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is presented. The simulations start from two
interlocking magnetic flux rings with no initial velocity. The magnetic
curvature force causes the flux rings to shrink until they come into contact.
This produces a current sheet between them. In the ideal compressible
calculations, the evidence for a singularity in a finite time $t_c$ is that the
peak current density behaves like $|J|_\infty \sim 1/(t_c-t)$ for a range of
sound speeds (or plasma betas). For the incompressible calculations consistency
with the compressible calculations is noted and evidence is presented that
there is convergence to a self-similar state. In the resistive reconnection
calculations the magnetic helicity is nearly conserved and energy is
dissipated.

categories: physics.plasm-ph astro-ph chao-dyn nlin.CD


title:
Design and Operation of Front-End Electronics for the HERA-B Muon
  Detector

abstract:
  We have implemented a cost-effective design for the readout electronics of
both the anode wires and the cathode pads of large area proportional wire
chambers for the HERA-B muon system based on the ASD-08 integrated circuit. To
control and monitor the large number of readout channels, we have built a
distributed control system based on Philips Semiconductors' I2C bus and
microcontrollers. To date we have installed about 10800 channels of muon
chambers and electronics. The average single channel noise occupancy is less
than 10**-5, and the detectors have been operated with target interaction rates
as high as 70 MHz.


title:
Application of time-dependent density functional theory to optical
  activity

abstract:
  As part of a general study of the time-dependent local density approximation
(TDLDA), we here report calculations of optical activity of chiral molecules.
The theory automatically satisfies sum rules and the Kramers-Kronig relation
between circular dichroism and optical rotatory power. We find that the theory
describes the measured circular dichroism of the lowest states in methyloxirane
with an accuracy of about a factor of two. In the chiral fullerene C_76 the
TDLDA provides a consistent description of the optical absorption spectrum, the
circular dichroism spectrum, and the optical rotatory power, except for an
overall shift of the theoretical spectrum.


title:
Measurement of colliding beam-beam parameters with wide-angle
  beamstrahlung

abstract:
  The relation between beamstrahlung observables and beam-beam topologies is
discussed.


title: Dark Matter, Antimatter and Time-Symmetry

abstract:
  If space, time and mass-energy expand outward from the Big Bang along the
time axis equally in the (+) and (-) directions, then time is symmetric by
Weyl's definition. In the Feynman-Stueckelberg Interpretation, antimatter is
identical to matter but moves backward in time. This paper argues this
interpretation is physically real, leading to the universe containing dark
matter with mass accumulations similar to ordinary matte. As time expands, in
both directions away from the origin, quantum uncertainty allows a brief,
decreasing leakage of mass between (+) and (-) universes. Matter leaking from
(-) to (+) time moves forward in time, producing preponderance of matter in (+)
time. Antimatter leakage from (+) time to (-) time in the same way produces
antimatter preponderance in the (-) time universe. The remaining opposite
partner particles left by the leakage, (antimatter and matter respectively)
proceeding outward in antitime and time respectively, after many annihilations
also increase the two preponderances in the two universes. The anti-universe
should be observable by gravitational lensing, predicting "MACHOS" of
approximately stellar mass, and multiple micro-lensing of quasars.
Non-existence of primordial antimatter of Z>1, and a large variation in the
quantities of dark matter associated with different individual galaxies are
predicted. A symmetry is provided for Nodland and Ralston's observed maximum
axis of rotation of polarization of galactic synchrotron radiation. A new
solution of the horizon problem at times close to the origin is indicated.
Collapse of the wave function and time's arrow are explained and non-locality
and instantaneity of quantum interaction required. Extension of the hypothesis
to six dimensions gives an 83.3% dark matter share of the universe.


title: Classical Evolution of Quantum Elliptic States

abstract:
  The hydrogen atom in weak external fields is a very accurate model for the
multiphoton excitation of ultrastable high angular momentum Rydberg states, a
process which classical mechanics describes with astonishing precision. In this
paper we show that the simplest treatment of the intramanifold dynamics of a
hydrogenic electron in external fields is based on the elliptic states of the
hydrogen atom, i.e., the coherent states of SO(4), which is the dynamical
symmetry group of the Kepler problem. Moreover, we also show that classical
perturbation theory yields the {\it exact} evolution in time of these quantum
states, and so we explain the surprising match between purely classical
perturbative calculations and experiments. Finally, as a first application, we
propose a fast method for the excitation of circular states; these are
ultrastable hydrogenic eigenstates which have maximum total angular momentum
and also maximum projection of the angular momentum along a fixed direction. %


title: Large angle Beamstrahlung as a beam-beam monitoring tool

abstract:
  A novel method to measure the beam-beam interaction in e+e- colliders is
presented.


title:
Adiabatic Theory of Electron Detachment from Negative Ions in Two-Color
  Laser Field

abstract:
  Negative ion detachment in bichromatic laser field is considered within the
adiabatic theory. The latter represents a recent modification of the famous
Keldysh model for multiphoton ionization which makes it quantitatively
reliable. We calculate angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for
particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates
for the Hydrogen ion in a bichromatic field with 1:3 frequency ratio and
various phase differences. Reliability of the present, extremely simple
approach is testified by comparison with much more elaborate earlier
calculations.


title:
Imaging Hybrid Photon Detectors with Minimized Dead Area and Protection
  Against Positive Ion Feedback

abstract:
  Imaging Hybrid Photon Detectors (HPD) have been developed for integration in
large area Cherenkov detectors for high energy physics and astrophysics. The
presented designs - developed particularly for the experiments MAGIC, LHCb and
AQUA-RICH - comprise very good imaging properties, protection against positive
ion feedback and(or) minimum dead area. The underlying innovations are
discussed in some detail.


title:
General Properties of Optical Harmonic Generation from a simple
  Oscillator Model

abstract:
  The nonlinear oscillator model allows a basic understanding of all nonlinear
processes and can be adopted to analyse optical vibrational modes and
electronic transition in molecules and crystals, in order to derive general
properties of harmonic generation to all orders. In particular, we obtain
Kramers Kroenig relations and sum rules referred to all momenta of the
susceptibility, and Miller's empirical rules to all orders. Since the above
properties only depend on time causality and not on the specific microscopic
model, they can be adopted for the quantum mechanical description, sustituting
in the classical expression the derivatives of the potential with their
expectation values.


title: Taber Vibration Isolator for Vacuum and Cryogenic Applications

abstract:
  We present a procedure for the design and construction of a passive,
multipole, mechanical high-stop vibration isolator. The isolator, consisting of
a stack of metal disks connected by thin wires, attenuates frequencies in the
kilohertz range, and is suited to both vacuum and cryogenic environments. We
derive an approximate analytical model and compare its predictions for the
frequencies of the normal modes to those of a finite element analysis. The
analytical model is exact for the modes involving only motion along and
rotation about the longitudinal axis, and it gives a good approximate
description of the transverse modes. These results show that the high-frequency
behavior of a multi-stage isolator is well characterized by the natural
frequencies of a single stage. From the single-stage frequency formulae, we
derive relationships among the various geometrical parameters of the isolator
to guarantee equal attenuation in all degrees of freedom. We then derive
expressions for the attenuation attainable with a given isolator length, and
find that the most important limiting factor is the elastic limit of the spring
wire material. For our application, which requires attenuations of 250 dB at 1
kHz, our model specifies a six-stage design using brass disks of approximately
2 cm in both radius and thickness, connected by 3 cm steel wires of diameters
ranging from 25 to 75 microns. We describe the construction of this isolator in
detail, and compare measurements of the natural frequencies of a single stage
with calculations from the analytical model and the finite element package. For
translations along and rotations about the longitudinal axes, all three results
are in agreement to within 10% accuracy.


title:
High-precision calculations of dispersion coefficients, static dipole
  polarizabilities, and atom-wall interaction constants for alkali-metal atoms

abstract:
  The van der Waals coefficients for the alkali-metal atoms from Na to Fr
interacting in their ground states, are calculated using relativistic ab initio
methods. The accuracy of the calculations is estimated by also evaluating
atomic static electric dipole polarizabilities and coefficients for the
interaction of the atoms with a perfectly conducting wall. The results are in
excellent agreement with the latest data from ultra-cold collisions and from
studies of magnetic field induced Feshbach resonances in Na and Rb. For Cs we
provide critically needed data for ultra-cold collision studies.


title:
Pair correlation function of an inhomogeneous interacting Bose-Einstein
  condensate

abstract:
  We calculate the pair correlation function of an interacting Bose gas in a
harmonic trap directly via Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo simulation for
various temperatures and compare the numerical result with simple approximative
treatments. Around the critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation, a
description based on the Hartree-Fock approximation is found to be accurate. At
low temperatures the Hartree-Fock approach fails and we use a local density
approximation based on the Bogoliubov description for a homogeneous gas. This
approximation agrees with the simulation results at low temperatures, where the
contribution of the phonon-like modes affects the long range behavior of the
correlation function. Further we discuss the relation between the pair
correlation and quantities measured in recent experiments.


title: The Signal Estimator Limit Setting Method

abstract:
  A new method of background subtraction is presented which uses the concept of
a signal estimator to construct a confidence level which is always conservative
and which is never better than e^-s. The new method yields stronger exclusions
than the Bayesian method with a flat prior distribution.


title: On the Stability Domain of Systems of Three Arbitrary Charges

abstract:
  We present results on the stability of quantum systems consisting of a
negative charge $-q_1$ with mass $m_{1}$ and two positive charges $q_2$ and
$q_3$, with masses $m_{2}$ and $m_{3}$, respectively. We show that, for given
masses $m_{i}$, each instability domain is convex in the plane of the variables
$(q_{1}/q_{2}, q_{1}/q_{3})$. A new proof is given of the instability of muonic
ions $(\alpha, p, \mu^-)$. We then study stability in some critical regimes
where $q_3\ll q_2$: stability is sometimes restricted to large values of some
mass ratios; the behaviour of the stability frontier is established to leading
order in $q_3/q_2$. Finally we present some conjectures about the shape of the
stability domain, both for given masses and varying charges, and for given
charges and varying masses.


title: Relativistic dynamical polarizability of hydrogen-like atoms

abstract:
  Using the operator representation of the Dirac Coulomb Green function the
analytical method in perturbation theory is employed in obtaining solutions of
the Dirac equation for a hydrogen-like atom in a time-dependent electric field.
The relativistic dynamical polarizability of hydrogen-like atoms is calculated
and analysed.


title: Electrostatic Edge Instability of Lipid Membranes

abstract:
  This paper considers the effect of electrostatics on the stability of a
charged membrane. We show that at low ionic strength and high surface charge
density, repulsion between charges on the membrane renders it unstable to the
formation of holes. A free straight edge is unstable to modulations with
wavelength longer than the Debye screening length. Hence at low ionic strength,
membranes will disintegrate into vesicles. We use these results to interpret
stable holes in red blood cell ghosts (Steck et. al., Science 168:255(1970)).

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft nlin.PS patt-sol q-bio.BM


title: Studies of 100 um-thick silicon strip detector with analog VLSI readout

abstract:
  We evaluate the performances of a 100 um-thick silicon strip detector (SSD)
with a 300 MeV proton beam and a 90Sr beta-ray source. Signals from the SSD
have been read out using a VLSI chip. Common-mode noise, signal separation
efficiency and energy resolution are compared with those for the SSD's with a
thickness of 300 um and 500 um. Energy resolution for minimum ionizing
particles (MIP's) is improved by fitting the non-constant component in a
common-mode noise with a linear function.


title: The Penalty Method for Random Walks with Uncertain Energies

abstract:
  We generalize the Metropolis et al. random walk algorithm to the situation
where the energy is noisy and can only be estimated. Two possible applications
are for long range potentials and for mixed quantum-classical simulations. If
the noise is normally distributed we are able to modify the acceptance
probability by applying a penalty to the energy difference and thereby achieve
exact sampling even with very strong noise. When one has to estimate the
variance we have an approximate formula, good in the limit of large number of
independent estimates. We argue that the penalty method is nearly optimal. We
also adapt an existing method by Kennedy and Kuti and compare to the penalty
method on a one dimensional double well.


title:
Improved Probability Method for Estimating Signal in the Presence of
  Background

abstract:
  A suggestion is made for improving the Feldman Cousins method of estimating
signal counts in the presence of background. The method concentrates on finding
essential information about the signal and ignoring extraneous information
about background. An appropriate method is found which uses the condition that
the number of background events obtained does not exceed the total number of
events obtained. Several alternative approaches are explored.


title:
Quantum Topology, Quantum Topodynamics, Differential Topology in Quantum
  Space, Gauge Theory of Gravitation

abstract:
  "Quantum Topology" deals with the general quantum theory as the theory of the
functional quantum space; space time and energy momentum forms form a connected
manifold; a functional quantum space on the quantum level. The general quantum
theory derives from the topology of the quantum space.
  "Quantum Topodynamics" derives from quantum topology, it deals with the set
that underlies the assumed one structure of the topology, group and logic
structure of the quantum space. The underlying structure was founded on the
Fourier representation of the functional space.
  "Differential Topology in Quantum Space" deals with the method of analysis
approperiate for the quantum space; based on the Fourier representation of the
functional space.
  "Gauge Theory of Gravitation" deals with gravitation as a quantum topological
phenomenon; by introducing the effect of gravitation into the quantum space
through a phase angle; this displays its unity with the rest of the gauge
interactions and shows that the manifold is compact.


title: Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen

abstract:
  We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of trapped atomic hydrogen,
and studied it by two-photon spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition. In these
lecture notes we briefly review the history of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen
and describe the final steps to BEC. Laser spectroscopy, which probes the
difference in mean field energy of the 1S and 2S states, is used to study the
condensate, which has a peak density of 4.8e15 cm^-3 and population of 10^9.


title: X-ray Imaging Using a Hybrid Photon Counting GaAs Pixel Detector

abstract:
  The performance of hybrid GaAs pixel detectors as X-ray imaging sensors were
investigated at room temperature. These hybrids consist of 300 mu-m thick GaAs
pixel detectors, flip-chip bonded to a CMOS Single Photon Counting Chip (PCC).
This chip consists of a matrix of 64 x 64 identical square pixels (170 mu-m x
170 mu-m) and covers a total area of 1.2 cm**2. The electronics in each cell
comprises a preamplifier, a discriminator with a 3-bit threshold adjust and a
15-bit counter. The detector is realized by an array of Schottky diodes
processed on semi-insulating LEC-GaAs bulk material. An IV-charcteristic and a
detector bias voltage scan showed that the detector can be operated with
voltages around 200 V. Images of various objects were taken by using a standard
X-ray tube for dental diagnostics. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) was also
determined. The applications of these imaging systems range from medical
applications like digital mammography or dental X-ray diagnostics to non
destructive material testing (NDT). Because of the separation of detector and
readout chip, different materials can be investigated and compared.


title: On the El-Nino Teleconnection to Spring Precipitation in Europe

abstract:
  In a statistical analysis of more than a century of data we find a strong
connection between strong warm El Nino winter events and high spring
precipitation in a band from Southern England eastwards into Asia. This
relationship is an extension of the connection mentioned by Kiladis and Diaz
(1989), and much stronger than the winter season teleconnection that has been
the subject of other studies. Linear correlation coefficients between DJF NINO3
indices and MAM precipitation are higher than r=0.3 for individual stations,
and as high as r=0.49 for an index of precipitation anomalies around 50N from
5W to 35E. The lagged correlation suggests that south-east Asian surface
temperature anomalies may act as intermediate variables.


title: Symmetry and Codon Usage Correlations in the Genetic Code

abstract:
  The ratios of the codon usage in the quartets and sextets for the vertebrate
series exhibit a correlated behaviour which fits naturally in the framework of
the crystal basis model of the genetic code. Moreover the observed universal
behaviour of these suitably normalized ratios can be easily explained.


title: The Electronics of the H1 Lead/Scintillating-Fibre Calorimeters

abstract:
  The electronic system developed for the SpaCal lead/scintillating-fibre
calorimeters of the H1 detector in operation at the HERA ep collider is
described in detail and the performance achieved during H1 data-taking is
presented. The 10 MHz bunch crossing rate of HERA puts severe constraints on
the requirements of the electronics. The energy and time readout are performed
respectively with a 14-bit dynamic range and with a resolution of about 0.4 ns.
The trigger branch consists of a nanosecond-resolution calorimetric
time-of-flight for background rejection and an electron trigger based on analog
`sliding windows'. The on-line background rejection currently achieved is
o(10**6). The electron trigger allows a low energy trigger threshold to be set
at about 0.50 +/- 0.08 (RMS) GeV with an efficiency >99.9%. The energy and time
performance of the readout and trigger electronics is based on a
newly-developed low noise (sigma_noise ca. 0.4 MeV) wideband (f < 200 MHz)
preamplifier located at the output of the photomultipliers which are used for
the fibre light readout in the ca. 1 Tesla magnetic field of H1.


title:
Two-dimensional Cooling of Ion Beams in Storage Rings by Narrow
  Broad-Band Laser Beams

abstract:
  A new scheme for the two-dimensional cooling of ion beams in storage rings is
suggested in which ions interact with a counterpropagating broad-band laser
beam. The interaction region in the direction of the ion movement is much less
then the wavelength of the ion betatron oscillations. The laser beam in the
orbit plane has sharp flat edge directed to the ion beam and the width of the
laser beam of the order of the ion beam width. Laser beam radial position is
being displaced with some velocity at first from inside and then from outside
to the ion beam and decreases both betatron and synchrotron oscillations.


title:
Wave channeling of X-rays in narrow rough capillaries - non
  Andronov-Leontovich theory

abstract:
  The effect of capture of X-ray beam into narrow submicron capillary was
investigated with account for diffraction and decay of coherency by roughness
scattering in transitional boundary layer. In contrast to well-known
Andronov-Leontovich approach the losses do not vanish at zero gliding angle and
scale proportional to the first power of roughness amplitude for small gliding
angles. It was shown that for small correlation radius of roughness the
scattering decay of coherency can be made of the same order as absorption decay
of lower channeling modes to produce angular collimation of X-ray beams.
Estimates were given for optimum capillary length at different roughness
amplitudes for angular sensitivity of X-ray transmission and chenneling effects
that can be usefull for designing of detector systems.


title:
Dependence of Ordinary Wave Anomalous Absorption on the sounding Problem
  Parameters

abstract:
  The paper describes the straightforward method of calculation of anomalous
absorption of ordinary wave due to transformation into plasma wave in the
upper-hybrid resonance region of magnetized plasma with random irregularities.
The method is based on the general approach to calculation of scattering or
transformation cross-sections in magnetized plasma. The expressions for
anomalous attenuation obtained in the paper take into account the thermal
motions of the particles and have a wide area of application. Numeric
estimations of anomalous absorption for different conditions are carried out.