title: Pulse Normalisation in Slow-Light Media

abstract:
  We analytically study the linear propagation of arbitrarily shaped
light-pulses through an absorbing medium with a narrow transparency-window or
through a resonant amplifying medium. We point out that, under certain general
conditions, the pulse acquires a nearly Gaussian shape, irrespective of its
initial shape and of the spectral profile of the line. We explicitly derive in
this case the pulse parameters, including its skewness responsible for a
deviation of the delay of the pulse maximum from the group delay. We illustrate
our general results by analysing the slow-light experiments having demonstrated
the largest fractional pulse-delays


title: Non Poisson intermittent events in price formation

abstract:
  The formation of price in a financial market is modelled as a chain of Ising
spin with three fundamental figures of trading. We investigate the time
behaviour of the model, and we compare the results with the real EURO/USD
change rate. By using the test of local Poisson hypothesis, we show that this
minimal model leads to clustering and "declustering" in the volatility signal,
typical of the real market data.


title: A relativistic study of Bessel beams

abstract:
  We present a fully relativistic analysis of Bessel beams revealing some
noteworthy features that are not explicit in the standard description. It is
shown that there is a reference frame in which the field takes a particularly
simple form, the wave appearing to rotate in circles. The concepts of
polarization and angular momentum for Bessel beams is also reanalyzed.


title: Convergence of the partial wave expansion of the He ground state

abstract:
  The Configuration Interaction (CI) method using a very large Laguerre orbital
basis is applied to the calculation of the He ground state. The largest
calculations included a minimum of 35 radial orbitals for each l ranging from 0
to 12 resulting in basis sets in excess of 400 orbitals. The convergence of the
energy and electron-electron delta-function with respect to J (the maximum
angular momenta of the orbitals included in the CI expansion) were investigated
in detail. Extrapolations to the limit of infinite in angular momentum using
expansions of the type Delta X_J = A_X/(J+1/2)^p + B_X/(J+1/2)^(p+1) + ...,
gave an energy accurate to 10^(-7) Hartree and a value of <delta> accurate to
about 0.5%. Improved estimates of <E> and <delta>, accurate to 10^(-8) Hartree
and 0.01% respectively, were obtained when extrapolations to an infinite radial
basis were done prior to the determination of the J -> infty limit. Round-off
errors were the main impediment to achieving even higher precision since
determination of the radial and angular limits required the manipulation of
very small energy and <delta> differences.


title:
Comments on "Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the
  past 30 years" by Kerry Emanuel, Nature, 31 July 2005, Vol. 436, pp. 686-688

abstract:
  The near universal references to the above paper by most of the major US
media outlets and blogs since Katrina and Rita made US landfall requires a
response from a few of us who study hurricanes. Having been involved with
hurricane research and forecasting for nearly 50 years, I feel I have an
obligation to offer comments on this paper's findings which, in my view, are
not valid.
  This paper concludes that global tropical cyclone net power dissipation (or
friction times wind) taken to be proportional to the sum of each cyclone's
individual 6-hour track period maximum wind speed (Vmax^3) has undergone large
(more than doubled) increases over the last 30 years. The author associates
these frictional energy dissipation increases with rising mean sea surface
temperatures (SSTs) and implies that these SST increases may, in part, be
related to human activity. If true, this is a very important finding that has
great relevance as regards to the globe's future climate and future hurricane
destruction. But, the author's apparent "blockbuster" results and his
interpretation of his calculations are not realistic.


title:
Comments by William M. Gray (Colorado State University) on the recently
  published paper in Science by Webster et al., titled "Changes in tropical
  cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment." (September
  2005, Vol. 309, pp. 1844-1846, www.sciencemag.org)

abstract:
  Recent US major landfalling hurricanes Katrina and Rita and last year's four
U.S. landfalling major hurricanes have spawned an abundance of questions
concerning the role that global warming might be playing in these events. This
idea has been given added credence by the September 2005 Science paper of
Webster, Holland, Curry and Chang (Vol. 304, pp. 1844-1846) showing that the
global number of Category 4-5 hurricanes have increased in the last 15 years
(1990-2004) in comparison with the prior 15-year period of 1975-1989. They
report 171 Category 4-5 hurricanes in the earlier 15-year period vs. 269 (56%
increase) in the later 15 year period. Global mean surface temperature in the
later period has been about 0.3C higher than in the earlier period. The
authors' imply that their measured rise in global Category 4-5 hurricanes is
likely related to these higher global temperatures.
  Having been involved with hurricane research and forecasting for nearly 50
years, I feel I have an obligation to offer comments on this paper's primary
finding on the recent rise of global Category 4-5 hurricanes. I do not agree
that global Category 4-5 tropical cyclone activity has been rising, except in
the Atlantic over the past 11 years. The recent Atlantic upsurge has
explanations other than global temperature rise.


title:
Large dimension Configuration Interaction calculations of positron
  binding to the group II atoms

abstract:
  The Configuration Interaction (CI) method is applied to the calculation of
the structures of a number of positron binding systems, including e+Be, e+Mg,
e+Ca and e+Sr. These calculations were carried out in orbital spaces containing
about 200 electron and 200 positron orbitals up to l = 12. Despite the very
large dimensions, the binding energy and annihilation rate converge slowly with
l, and the final values do contain an appreciable correction obtained by
extrapolating the calculation to the l to infinity limit. The binding energies
were 0.00317 hartree for e+Be, 0.0170 hartree for e+Mg, 0.0189 hartree for
e+Ca, and 0.0131 hartree for e+Sr.


title: Configuration Interaction calculations of positron binding to Be(3Po)

abstract:
  The Configuration Interaction method is applied to investigate the
possibility of positron binding to the metastable beryllium (1s^22s2p 3Po)
state. The largest calculation obtained an estimated energy that was unstable
by 0.00014 Hartree with respect to the Ps + Be^+(2s) lowest dissociation
channel. It is likely that positron binding to parent states with non-zero
angular momentum is inhibited by centrifugal barriers.


title:
Cold Molecule Spectroscopy for Constraining the Evolution of the Fine
  Structure Constant

abstract:
  We report precise measurements of ground-state, $\lambda$-doublet microwave
transitions in the hydroxyl radical molecule (OH). Utilizing slow, cold
molecules produced by a Stark decelerator we have improved over the precision
of the previous best measurement by twenty-five-fold for the F' = 2 $\to$ F = 2
transition, yielding (1 667 358 996 $\pm$ 4) Hz, and by ten-fold for the F' = 1
$\to$ F = 1 transition, yielding (1 665 401 803 $\pm$ 12) Hz. Comparing these
laboratory frequencies to those from OH megamasers in interstellar space will
allow a sensitivity of 1 ppm for $\Delta\alpha/\alpha$ over $\sim$$10^{10}$
years.


title:
Negative-Index Metamaterials: Second-Harmonic Generation, Manley-Rowe
  Relations and Parametric Amplification

abstract:
  Second harmonic generation and optical parametric amplification in
negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) are studied. The opposite directions of the
wave vector and the Poynting vector in NIMs results in a "backward"
phase-matching condition, causing significant changes in the Manley-Rowe
relations and spatial distributions of the coupled field intensities. It is
shown that absorption in NIMs can be compensated by backward optical parametric
amplification. The possibility of distributed-feedback parametric oscillation
with no cavity has been demonstrated. The feasibility of the generation of
entangled pairs of left- and right-handed counter-propagating photons is
discussed.


title:
Experimental verification of the key properties of a three-dimensional
  isotropic transmission line based superlens

abstract:
  Design and experimental realization of a three-dimensional superlens based on
LC-loaded transmission lines are presented. Commercially available components
and materials are used in the design. Transmission properties of the designed
structure are studied experimentally and the observed lens properties are
compared with analytical predictions. Backward-wave propagation and
amplification of evanescent waves in the prototype structure are verified both
analytically and experimentally.


title: Comparison and validation of community structures in complex networks

abstract:
  The issue of partitioning a network into communities has attracted a great
deal of attention recently. Most authors seem to equate this issue with the one
of finding the maximum value of the modularity, as defined by Newman. Since the
problem formulated this way is NP-hard, most effort has gone into the
construction of search algorithms, and less to the question of other measures
of community structures, similarities between various partitionings and the
validation with respect to external information. Here we concentrate on a class
of computer generated networks and on three well-studied real networks which
constitute a bench-mark for network studies; the karate club, the US college
football teams and a gene network of yeast. We utilize some standard ways of
clustering data (originally not designed for finding community structures in
networks) and show that these classical methods sometimes outperform the newer
ones. We discuss various measures of the strength of the modular structure, and
show by examples features and drawbacks. Further, we compare different
partitions by applying some graph-theoretic concepts of distance, which
indicate that one of the quality measures of the degree of modularity
corresponds quite well with the distance from the true partition. Finally, we
introduce a way to validate the partitionings with respect to external data
when the nodes are classified but the network structure is unknown. This is
here possible since we know everything of the computer generated networks, as
well as the historical answer to how the karate club and the football teams are
partitioned in reality. The partitioning of the gene network is validated by
use of the Gene Ontology database, where we show that a community in general
corresponds to a biological process.


title: How human drivers control their vehicle

abstract:
  The data presented here show that human drivers apply a discrete noisy
control mechanism to drive their vehicle. A car-following model built on these
observations, together with some physical limitations (crash-freeness,
acceleration), led to non-Gaussian probability distributions in the speed
difference and distance which are in good agreement with empirical data. All
model parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be measured. Despite its
apparent complexity, this model is simple to understand and might serve as a
starting point to develop even quantitatively correct models.


title:
A Classification Scheme for Phenomenological Universalities in Growth
  Problems

abstract:
  A classification in universality classes of broad categories of
phenomenologies, belonging to different disciplines, may be very useful for a
crossfertilization among them and for the purpose of pattern recognition. We
present here a simple scheme for the classification of nonlinear growth
problems. The success of the scheme in predicting and characterizing the well
known Gompertz, West and logistic models suggests to us the study of a hitherto
unexplored class of nonlinear growth problems.


title:
An interdisciplinary approach to certain fundamental issues in the
  fields of physics and biology: towards a Unified Theory

abstract:
  Recent experiments appear to have revealed the possibility of quantum
entanglement between spatially separated human subjects. In addition, a similar
condition might exist between basins containing human neurons adhering to
printed circuit boards. In both instances, preliminary data indicates what
appear to be non-local correlations between brain electrical activities in the
case of the human subjects, and also non-local correlations between neuronal
basin electrical activities, implying entanglement at the macroscopic level. If
the ongoing extended research and the analysis of same continues to support
this hypothesis, it may then make it possible to simultaneously address some of
the fundamental problems facing us in both physics and biology through the
adoption of an interdisciplinary empirical approach based on Bell's
experimental philosophy, with the goal of unifying these two fields.


title:
Lie-Admissible Invariant Origin of Irreversibility for Matter and
  Antimatter at the Classical and Operator Levels

abstract:
  It was generally believed throughout the 20-th century that irreversibility
is a purely classical event without operator counterpart. However, a classical
irreversible system cannot be consistently decomposed into a finite number of
reversible quantum particles (and, vice versa), thus establishing that the
origin of irreversibility is basically unknown at the dawn of the 21-th
century. To resolve this problem, we adopt the historical an- alytic
representation of irreversibility by Lagrange and Hamilton with external terms
in their analytic equations; we show that, when properly written, the brackets
of the time evolution characterize covering Lie-admissible algebras; we show
that the for- malism has a fully consistent operator counterpart given by the
Lie-admissible branch of hadronic mechanics; we identify catastrophic
mathematical and physical inconsis- tencies when irreversible formulations are
treated with the conventional mathematics used for reversible systems; and show
that, when the dynamical equations are treated with a novel irreversible
mathematics, Lie-admissible formulations are fully consistent because invariant
at both the classical and operator level. The case of closed-isolated systems
verifying conventional total conservation laws, yet possessing an irreversible
structure, is treated via the Lie-isotopic subclass of Lie-admissible
formulations. The analysis is conducted for both matter and antimatter at the
classical and operator levels to prevent insidious inconskistenmcies occurring
for the sole study of matter or, separately, antimatter, as known known for the
problem of grand unificationsr.


title: Influence of turbulence on the dynamo threshold

abstract:
  We use direct and stochastic numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic
equations to explore the influence of turbulence on the dynamo threshold. In
the spirit of the Kraichnan-Kazantsev model, we model the turbulence by a
noise, with given amplitude, injection scale and correlation time. The addition
of a stochastic noise to the mean velocity significantly alters the dynamo
threshold. When the noise is at small (resp. large) scale, the dynamo threshold
is decreased (resp. increased). For a large scale noise, a finite correlation
time reinforces this effect.


title: Channel noise and synchronization in excitable membranes

abstract:
  Using a stochastic generalization of the Hodgkin–Huxley model, we
consider the influence of intrinsic channel noise on the synchronization
between the spiking activity of the excitable membrane and an externally
applied periodic signal. For small patches, i.e., when the channel noise
dominates the excitable dynamics, we find the phenomenon of intrinsic coherence
resonance. In this case, the relatively regular spiking behavior is practically
independent of the applied external driving; therefore no synchronization
occurs. Synchronization takes place, however, only for sufficiently large ion
channel assemblies. The neuronal signal processing is thus likely rooted in the
collective properties of optimally large assemblies of ion channels.


title: On the possible thermal tachyons

abstract:
  In this paper the existence of the thermal tachyons i.e. quanta of
temperature field, with is described in the theoretical frame of hyperbolic
thermal equation. The modified Lorentz transformation are developed. It is
argued that thermal tachyons can exist in accordance with modified Lorentz
transformation after change . The thermal tachyons fulfill the hyperbolic heat
transport equation and in principle can be created by attosecond laser pulses.
Key words: Tachyons; Thermal processes; Attosecond laser pulses.


title: Dynamics of broadband dispersive Alfven waves

abstract:
  The properties of amplitude modulated broadband Alfven waves is investigated.
In particular, the dynamics of circularly polarized dispersive Alfven waves,
governed by a derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equation, is analyzed using the
Wigner formalism. The modulational instability of random phase dispersive pump
Alfven waves is investigated, and it is shown that the spectral broadening
gives rise to a new mode structure.


title: Tachyons or Antiparticles?

abstract:
  This article proves that elementary particles can violate the second
postulate of the Special Theory of Relativity. According to Heisenberg's
principle, superluminal particles are allowed in the theoretical framework of
Quantum Mechanics. In this paper the tachyons, are identified with the unitary
irreducible representations of the "full" Poincare group (Poincare group plus
space-time reflections.) on the past time-like cone.


title:
The Electrostatic Gravimeter: An Alternate Way of Measuring
  Gravitational Acceleration

abstract:
  In the past, the gravitational acceleration on the surface of the Earth, $g$,
has been measured in many ways. Various methods include the use of a pendulum
as well as models involving the use of a mass on a spring. We have designed a
new method incorporating the mass-spring model with a capacitor, and a
capacitance meter. This capacitor model still uses a hanging mass on a spring,
but alters the method of determining the change in position of the mass
attached to the spring caused by the gravitational acceleration. We relate the
change in position of mass to the capacitance across the two parallel plates.
By relating this capacitance directly to the gravitational acceleration, a new
method of measuring $g$ is obtained.


title: The Analyses of Node Swapping Networks by New Graph Index

abstract:
  We have proposed two new dynamic networks where two node are swapped each
other, and showed that the both networks behave as a small world like in the
average path length but can not make any effective discussions on the
clustering coefficient because of the topological invariant properties of the
networks. In this article we introduce a new index, "hamming coefficient" or
"multiplicity", that can act well for these dynamic networks. The hamming
coefficient or multiplicity is shown essentially to behave as the clustering
coefficient in the small world network proposed by Watts and
Strogatz\cite{Watt1}. By evaluating the new index, we uncover another
properties of the two networks.


title:
Modular Implementation of Particle Flow Algorithm with Minimized
  Dependence on the Detector Geometry

abstract:
  A Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) with the minimized dependence on the detector
geometry is presented. Current PFA implementation includes procedures of the
track reconstruction, calorimeter clustering, and individual particle
reconstruction and is meant as a tool for the optimization of the International
e+e- Linear Collider detector.


title:
Non-Markovian Stochastic Resonance: three state model of ion channel
  gating

abstract:
  Stochastic Resonance in single voltage-dependent ion channels is investigated
within a three state non-Markovian modeling of the ion channel conformational
dynamics. In contrast to a two-state description one assumes the presence of an
additional closed state for the ion channel which mimics the manifold of
voltage-independent closed subconformations (inactivated ``state''). The
conformational transition into the open state occurs through a domain of
voltage-dependent closed subconformations (closed ``state''). At distinct
variance with a standard two-state or also three-state Markovian approach, the
inactivated state is characterized by a broad, non-exponential probability
distribution of corresponding residence times. The linear response to a
periodic voltage signal is determined for arbitrary distributions of the
channel's recovery times. Analytical results are obtained for the spectral
amplification of the applied signal and the corresponding signal-to-noise
ratio. Alternatively, these results are also derived by use of a corresponding
two-state non-Markovian theory which is based on driven integral renewal
equations [I. Goychuk and P. Hanggi, Phys. Rev. E 69, 021104 (2004)]. The
non-Markovian features of stochastic resonance are studied for a power law
distribution of the residence time-intervals in the inactivated state which
exhibits a large variance. A comparison with the case of bi-exponentially
distributed residence times possessing the same mean value, i.e. a simplest
non-Markovian two-state description, is also presented.


title: The role of conformational diffusion in ion channel gating

abstract:
  We consider an exactly tractable model of the Kramers type for the
voltage-dependent gating dynamics of single ion channels. It is assumed that
the gating dynamics is caused by the thermally activated transitions in a
bistable potential. Moreover, the closed state of the channel is highly
degenerate and embraces the whole manifold of closed substates. Opening of the
ion channel is energetically prohibited from most of the closed substates and
requires a special conformation where the voltage sensor can move along an
activation pathway and trigger the transition into the open conformation. When
the corresponding activation barrier towards the channel's opening is removed
by the applied voltage, the statistics of non-conducting time intervals become
strongly influenced by the conformational diffusion. For the corresponding
supra-threshold voltages, our model explains the origin of the power law
distribution of the closed time intervals. The exponential-linear dependence of
the opening rate on voltage, often used as an experimental fit, is also
reproduced by our model.


title: From Bosonic Strings to Fermions

abstract:
  Early string theory described Bosonic particles at the real life Compton
scale. Later developments to include Fermions initiated by Ramond and others
have lead through Quantum Super Strings to M-theory operating at the as yet
experimentally unattainable Planck scale. We describe an alternative route from
Bosonic Strings to Fermions, by directly invoking a non commutative geometry,
an approach which is closer to experiment.


title:
Properties of quasi-one-dimensional molecules with Feshbach resonance
  interaction

abstract:
  Bound states and collisions of atoms with two-channel two-body interactions
in harmonic waveguides are analyzed. The closed-channel contributions to
two-atom bound states become dominant in the case of a weak resonance. At low
energies and values of the non-resonant scattering length the problem can be
approximated by a one-dimensional resonant model. Three-body problem becomes
nonintegrable and the properties of triatomic molecules become different from
those predicted by the integrable Lieb-Liniger-McGuire model.


title:
The center manifold theorem for center eigenvalues with non-zero real
  parts

abstract:
  We define center manifold as usual as an invariant manifold, tangent to the
invariant subspace of the linearization of the mapping defining a continuous
dynamical system, but the center subspace that we consider is associated with
eigenvalues with small but not necessarily zero} real parts. We prove existence
and smoothness of such center manifold assuming that certain inequalities
between the center eigenvalues and the rest of the spectrum hold. The theorem
is valid for finite-dimensional systems, as well as for infinite-dimensional
systems provided they satisfy an additional condition. We show that the
condition holds for the Navier-Stokes equation subject to appropriate boundary
conditions.


title:
Instability of small-amplitude convective flows in a rotating layer with
  stress-free boundaries

abstract:
  We consider stability of steady convective flows in a horizontal layer with
stress-free boundaries, heated below and rotating about the vertical axis, in
the Boussinesq approximation (the Rayleigh-Benard convection). The flows under
consideration are convective rolls or square cells, the latter being
asymptotically equal to the sum of two orthogonal rolls of the same wave number
k. We assume, that the Rayleigh number R is close to the critical one, R_c(k),
for the onset of convective flows of this wave number: R=R_c(k)+epsilon^2; the
amplitude of the flows is of the order of epsilon. We show that the flows are
always unstable to perturbations, which are a sum of a large-scale mode not
involving small scales, and two large-scale modes, modulated by the original
rolls rotated by equal small angles in the opposite directions. The maximal
growth rate of the instability is of the order of max(epsilon^{8/5},(k-k_c)^2),
where k_c is the critical wave number for the onset of convection.


title:
Absolute cross sections for the dissociation of hydrogen cluster ions in
  high-energy collisions with helium atoms

abstract:
  Absolute dissociation cross sections are reported for Hn+ clusters of varied
mass (n = 3, 5, ..., 35) following collisions with He atoms at 60 keV / amu.
Initial results have been published in a previous brief report for a smaller
range of cluster sizes [Ouaskit et al., Phys. Rev. A 49, 1484 (1994)]. The
present extended study includes further experimental results, reducing the
statistical errors associated with the absolute cross sections. The previously
suggested quasi-linear dependence of the Hn+ dissociation cross sections upon n
is developed with reference to expected series of geometrical shells of H2
molecules surrounding an H3+ core. Recent calculations identify n = 9 as
corresponding to the first closed H2 shell [e.g. Stich et al., J. Chem. Phys.
107, 9482 (1997)]. Recurrence of the distinct characteristics observed in the
dissociation cross section dependence upon cluster size around n = 9 provides
the basis for the presently proposed subsequent closed shells at n = 15, 21,
27, and 33, in agreement with the calculations of Nagashima et al. [J. Phys.
Chem. 96, 4294 (1992)].


title: Non-linear charge reduction effect in strongly-coupled plasmas

abstract:
  The charge reduction effect, produced by the nonlinear Debye screening of
high-Z charges occuring in strongly-coupled plasmas, is investigated. An
analytic asymptotic expression is obtained for the charge reduction factor
which determines the Debye-Hueckel potential generated by a charged test
particle. Its relevant parametric dependencies are analyzed and shown to
predict a strong charge reduction effect in strongly-coupled plasmas.


title:
Monogenic functions in 5-dimensional spacetime used as first principle:
  gravitational dynamics, electromagnetism and quantum mechanics

abstract:
  Monogenic functions are functions of null vector derivative and are here
analysed in the geometric algebra of 5-dimensional spacetime, G(4,1), in order
to derive several laws of fundamental physics. The paper introduces the working
algebra and the definition of monogenic functions, showing that these generate
two 4-dimensional spaces, one with Euclidean signature and the other one with
Minkowski signature. The equivalence conditions between the two spaces are
studied and relativistic dynamics, not entirely coincident with Einstein's
general theory of relativity, is demonstrated. The monogenic condition is then
shown to produce Maxwell's equations and electrodynamics both classical and
quantized.


title: Comparison of 87Rb N-resonances for D1 and D2 transitions

abstract:
  We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances
(known as "N-resonances") for the D_1 and D_2 optical transitions of thermal
87Rb vapor. We find that the D_2 N-resonance has better contrast, a broader
linewidth, and a more symmetric lineshape than the D_1 N-resonance. Taken
together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards
operating on alkali D_2 N-resonances, in contrast to coherent population
trapping (CPT) resonances for which the D_2 transition provides poorer
frequency standard performance than the D_1 transition.


title:
Angular distribution in two-photon double ionization of helium by
  intense attosecond soft X-ray pulses

abstract:
  We investigate two-photon double ionization of helium by intense ($10^{15}
W/cm^2$) ultrashort ($\approx 300$ as) soft X-ray pulses (E = 91.6 eV). The
time-dependent two-electron Schr\"odinger equation is solved using a coupled
channel method. We show that for ultrashort pulses the angular distribution of
ejected electrons depends on the pulse duration and provides novel insights
into the role of electron correlations in the two-electron photoemission
process. The angular distribution at energies near the ``independent electron''
peaks is close to dipolar while it acquires in the ``valley'' of correlated
emission a significant quadrupolar component within a few hundred attoseconds.


title:
Extreme Value Statistics of the Total Energy in an Intermediate
  Complexity Model of the Mid-latitude Atmospheric Jet. Part I: Stationary case

abstract:
  A baroclinic model for the atmospheric jet at middle-latitudes is used as a
stochastic generator of time series of the total energy of the system.
Statistical inference of extreme values is applied to yearly maxima sequences
of the time series, in the rigorous setting provided by extreme value theory.
In particular, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) family of distributions is
used here. Several physically realistic values of the parameter $T_E$,
descriptive of the forced equator-to-pole temperature gradient and responsible
for setting the average baroclinicity in the atmospheric model, are examined.
The location and scale GEV parameters are found to have a piecewise smooth,
monotonically increasing dependence on $T_E$. This is in agreement with the
similar dependence on $T_E$ observed in the same system when other dynamically
and physically relevant observables are considered. The GEV shape parameter
also increases with $T_E$ but is always negative, as \textit{a priori} required
by the boundedness of the total energy of the system. The sensitivity of the
statistical inference process is studied with respect to the selection
procedure of the maxima: the roles of both the length of maxima sequences and
of the length of data blocks over which the maxima are computed are critically
analyzed. Issues related to model sensitivity are also explored by varying the
resolution of the system.


title:
Viscosity and mutual diffusion in strongly asymmetric binary ionic
  mixtures

abstract:
  We present molecular dynamics simulation results for the viscosity and mutual
diffusion constant of a strongly asymmetric binary ionic mixture (BIM). We
compare the results with available theoretical models previously tested for
much smaller asymmetries. For the case of viscosity we propose a new predictive
framework based on the linear mixing rule, while for mutual diffusion we
discuss some consistency problems of widely used Boltzmann equation based
models.


title: Teaching statistics with Excel and R

abstract:
  Despite several deficiencies, the use of spreadsheets in statistics courses
is increasingly common. In this paper we discuss many shortcomings resulting
from this approach. We suggest a technique integrating a spreadsheet and a
dedicated software package (R), that takes advantage of the characteristics of
both programs. We also present a simple protocol of transferring data from the
spreadsheet to R that can be safely used even in introductory courses.


title:
Experimental Evidence on Non-Applicability of the Standard Retardation
  Condition to Bound Magnetic Fields and on New Generalized Biot-Savart Law

abstract:
  In this work we made an analysis of the current status of velocity dependent
(bound) field components in the framework of the standard electromagnetic
theory. Preliminary discussions of the structure of the magnetic field due to
an idealized oscillating magnetic dipole provided us with the quantitative
insights on the relative contribution of velocity dependent (bound) and
acceleration dependent (radiation) terms into the resultant magnetic field.
According to this analysis we defined the methodological scheme based on a
generalized (time-dependent) Biot-Savart law capable to test the applicability
of the standard retardation condition on bound field components. In the second
part of this work we made the theoretical analysis of the finite size
multi-section antennas, confirming the validity of the methodological scheme
conceived for an idealized magnetic dipole. The use of multi-section antennas
is fully justified by a substantial rise of the ratio of bound-to-radiation
field strength. Finally, we effected numerical calculations taking into account
particular experimental settings and compared them with experimentally obtained
data that unambiguously indicate on the non-applicability of the standard
retardation condition to bound magnetic fields. In addition, experimental
observations show a striking coincidence with the predictions of a new
generalized Biot-Savart law which implies the spreading velocity of bound
fields highly exceeding the velocity of light.


title:
Fluctuation Theorems of Brownian Particles Controlled by a Maxwell's
  Demon

abstract:
  We study the stochastic dynamics of Brownian particles in a heat bath and
subject to an active feedback control by an external, Maxwell's demon-like
agent. The agent uses the information of the velocity of a particle and reduces
its thermal agitation by applying a force. The entropy of the particle and the
heat bath as a whole, thus, reduces. Entropy pumping [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,
120602 (2004)] quantifies the entropy reduction. We discover that the entropy
pumping has a dual role of work and heat contributing to free energy changes
and entropy production of the open-system with the feedback control.
Generalized Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorems for work functional and
entropy production are developed with the presence of the entropy pumping.


title:
Cooling of Sr to high phase-space density by laser and sympathetic
  cooling in isotopic mixtures

abstract:
  Based on an experimental study of two-body and three-body collisions in
ultracold strontium samples, a novel optical-sympathetic cooling method in
isotopic mixtures is demonstrated. Without evaporative cooling, a phase-space
density of $6\times10^{-2}$ is obtained with a high spatial density that should
allow to overcome the difficulties encountered so far to reach quantum
degeneracy for Sr atoms.


title:
Statistical mechanics of 2D turbulence with a prior vorticity
  distribution

abstract:
  We adapt the formalism of the statistical theory of 2D turbulence in the case
where the Casimir constraints are replaced by the specification of a prior
vorticity distribution. A new relaxation equation is obtained for the evolution
of the coarse-grained vorticity. It can be used as a thermodynamical
parametrization of forced 2D turbulence (determined by the prior), or as a
numerical algorithm to construct arbitrary nonlinearly dynamically stable
stationary solutions of the 2D Euler equation.


title: Optimal Stresses in Structures

abstract:
  For a given external loading on a structure we consider the optimal stresses.
Ignoring the material properties the structure may have, we look for the
distribution of internal forces or stresses that is in equilibrium with the
external loading and whose maximal component is the least. We present an
expression for this optimal value in terms of the external loading and the
matrix relating the external degrees of freedom and the internal degrees of
freedom. The implementation to finite element models consisting of elements of
uniform stress distributions is presented. Finally, we give an example of
stress optimization for of a two-element model of a cylinder under external
traction.


title: Hidden Forces and Fluctuations from Moving Averages: A Test Study

abstract:
  The possibility that price dynamics is affected by its distance from a moving
average has been recently introduced as new statistical tool. The purpose is to
identify the tendency of the price dynamics to be attractive or repulsive with
respect to its own moving average. We consider a number of tests for various
models which clarify the advantages and limitations of this new approach. The
analysis leads to the identification of an effective potential with respect to
the moving average. Its specific implementation requires a detailed
consideration of various effects which can alter the statistical methods used.
However, the study of various model systems shows that this approach is indeed
suitable to detect hidden forces in the market which go beyond usual
correlations and volatility clustering.


title: The relativistic kinematics underlying Poincare's ellipse

abstract:
  We show that the kinematics underlying Poincare's elongated ellipse,
immediately deduced from Lorentz Transformation (LT), is not the same as
Einstein's kinematics. The two main differences are : On one hand the
relationship of Lorentz contraction with LT, and on the other hand, the
relationship of Doppler formula with wave four-vector. Einstein's wave
four-vector (quantum theory of light, photon, transverse gauge) is not the same
as Poincare's wave four-vector (classical theory of light, electromagnetic
wave, Lorenz gauge) and therefore the Doppler formulas are not the same.
Poincare's Doppler formula is not independent of the metric of space-time. We
show that Poincare's metrics of space-time is based on a cosmological
definition of distance and predicts an expansion of space for remote objects
(Hubble), directly connected with Poincare's Doppler formula.


title: How to fit the degree distribution of the air network?

abstract:
  We investigate three different approaches for fitting the degree
distributions of China-, US- and the composite China+US air network, in order
to reveal the nature of such distributions and the potential theoretical
background on which they are based. Our first approach is the fitting with
q-statistics probability distribution, done separately in two regimes. This
yields acceptable outcomes but generates two sets of fitting parameters. The
second approach is an entire fitting to all data points with the formula
proposed by Tsallis et al. So far, this trial is not able to produce consistent
results. In the third approach, we fit the data with two composite
distributions which may lack theoretical support for the moment.


title: Memetics of Quantum Mechanical Interpretations

abstract: The paper is taken out with immediate effect.


title: Resolution exchange simulation with incremental coarsening

abstract:
  We previously developed an algorithm, called resolution exchange, which
improves canonical sampling of atomic resolution models by swapping
conformations between high- and low-resolution simulations[1]. Here, we
demonstrate a generally applicable incremental coarsening procedure and apply
the algorithm to a larger peptide, met-enkephalin. In addition, we demonstrate
a combination of resolution and temperature exchange, in which the coarser
simulations are also at elevated temperatures. Both simulations are implemented
in a ``top-down'' mode, to allow efficient allocation of CPU time among the
different replicas.


title: A Study of a Dryline Convective Downburst

abstract:
  During the afternoon of 15 June 2005, convective storms developed along and
west of the dryline over eastern Colorado and New Mexico. One such storm
tracked eastward into Cimarron County, Oklahoma and produced a strong downburst
at Kenton. The dryline, as it tracked eastward over the western Oklahoma
Panhandle, established favorable conditions for hybrid microbursts by enhancing
vertical circulation west of the dryline and hence, the depth of the convective
boundary layer (CBL). Prior to convective initiation, the Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Hybrid Microburst Index (HMI) and
Wet Microburst Severity Index (WMSI) products indicated elevated values over
the western Oklahoma Panhandle. In addition, lightning data imagery, from the
National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), was compared to radar and
satellite imagery and surface observations of downburst winds. It was observed
that suppressed cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash rates accompanied
downburst occurrence with this storm. This paper will examine the environmental
factors that resulted in downburst generation and associated storm
electrification. Use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
(GOES) Wet Microburst Severity Index (WMSI) and Hybrid Microburst Index (HMI)
products will be highlighted to demonstrate effectiveness in the assessment of
downburst potential. Radar reflectivity and NLDN imagery will be presented to
describe convective morphology and electrical behavior with this dryline
convective storm event.


title: On strategy of relativistic quantum theory construction

abstract:
  Two different strategies of the relativistic quantum theory construction are
considered and evaluated. The first strategy is the conventional strategy,
based on application of the quantum mechanics technique to relativistic
systems. This approach cannot solve the problem of pair production. The
apparent success of QFT at solution of this problem is conditioned by the
inconsistency of QFT, when the commutation relations are incompatible with the
dynamic equations. (The inconsistent theory "can solve" practically any
problem, including the problem of pair production). The second strategy is
based on application of fundamental principles of classical dynamics and those
of statistical description to relativistic dynamic systems. It seems to be more
reliable, because this strategy does not use quantum principles, and the main
problem of QFT (join of nonrelativistic quantum principles with the principles
of relativity) appears to be eliminated.


title:
Jam-avoiding adaptive cruise control (ACC) and its impact on traffic
  dynamics

abstract:
  Adaptive-Cruise Control (ACC) automatically accelerates or decelerates a
vehicle to maintain a selected time gap, to reach a desired velocity, or to
prevent a rear-end collision. To this end, the ACC sensors detect and track the
vehicle ahead for measuring the actual distance and speed difference. Together
with the own velocity, these input variables are exactly the same as in
car-following models. The focus of this contribution is: What will be the
impact of a spreading of ACC systems on the traffic dynamics? Do automated
driving strategies have the potential to improve the capacity and stability of
traffic flow or will they necessarily increase the heterogeneity and
instability? How does the result depend on the ACC equipment level?
  We discuss microscopic modeling aspects for human and automated (ACC)
driving. By means of microscopic traffic simulations, we study how a variable
percentage of ACC-equipped vehicles influences the stability of traffic flow,
the maximum flow under free traffic conditions until traffic breaks down, and
the dynamic capacity of congested traffic. Furthermore, we compare different
percentages of ACC with respect to travel times in a specific congestion
scenario. Remarkably, we find that already a small amount of ACC equipped cars
and, hence, a marginally increased free and dynamic capacity, leads to a
drastic reduction of traffic congestion.


title: Atomic collider into dual-isotope magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  When two of three pairs of the Gaussian laser beams of a traditional MOT are
misaligned in the racetrack configuration the effective coordinate-dependent
vortex force do arise. Then an atom is accelerated by this vortex force until
its velocity not balanced by the damping force. This situation may produce a
stable ring of revolving atoms of a certain radius. Due to the different
frequency and laser beams intensity dependences of the vortex, damping and
trapping forces it is possible to equalize the radii of two orbiting groups of
atoms in two-species or dual-isotope magneto-optical trap and so to arrange a
continuing collider of cooled atoms with the prescribed relative velocity. A
collider setup for atoms of two different types rotating with different angular
velocities along the same ring-like trajectory into MOT of the conventional
six-beam geometry is proposed and designed on example of two rubidium isotopes
Rb85 and Rb87.


title:
Market Mill Dependence Pattern in the Stock Market: Asymmetry Structure,
  Nonlinear Correlations and Predictability

abstract:
  An empirical study of joint bivariate probability distribution of two
consecutive price increments for a set of stocks at time scales ranging from
one minute to thirty minutes reveals asymmetric structures with respect to the
axes y=0, y=x, x=0 and y=-x. All four asymmetry patterns remarkably resemble a
four-blade mill called market mill pattern. The four market mill patterns
characterize different aspects of interdependence between past (push) and
future (response) price increments. When analyzed in appropriate coordinates,
each pattern corresponds to a particular nonlinear dependence between the push
and conditional mean of response. Qualitative interpretation of each pattern is
discussed. The market mill pattern is an evidence of complex dependence
properties relating past and future price increments resulting in various types
of nonlinear correlation and predictability.


title:
Electron-loss and target ionization cross sections for water vapor by
  20-150 keV neutral atomic hydrogen impact

abstract:
  A complete set of cross sections is reported for the ionization of water
molecules by neutral atomic hydrogen impact at velocities of the order of the
Bragg peak. The measured relative cross sections are normalized by comparison
with proton impact results for the same target conditions and previous absolute
data. Event by event coincidence analysis of the product ions and the
projectile enables partial cross sections for target ionization and target plus
projectile ionization to be determined, as well as total cross sections for
electron loss reactions.


title:
Finite-difference frequency-domain study of subwavelength lensing in
  left-handed materials

abstract:
  We show that the finite-difference frequency-domain method is well-suited to
study subwavelength lensing effects in left-handed materials (LHM's) and
related problems. The method is efficient and works in the frequency domain,
eliminating the need for specifying dispersion models for the permeability and
permittivity as required by the popular finite-difference time-domain method.
We show that "superlensing" in a LHM slab with refractive index n = -1 can be
approached by introducing an arbitrarily small loss term. We also study a thin
silver slab, which can exhibit subwavelength imaging in the electrostatic
limit.


title:
The temperature dependence of the isothermal bulk modulus at 1 bar
  pressure

abstract:
  It is well established that the product of the volume coefficient of thermal
expansion and the bulk modulus is nearly constant at temperatures higher than
the Debye temperature. Using this approximation allows predicting the values of
the bulk modulus. The derived analytical solution for the temperature
dependence of the isothermal bulk modulus has been applied to ten substances.
The good correlations to the experiments indicate that the expression may be
useful for substances for which bulk modulus data are lacking.


title: Measuring Bullet Velocity with a PC Soundcard

abstract:
  This article describes a simple method for using a PC soundcard to accurately
measure bullet velocity. The method involves placing the microphone within a
foot of the muzzle and firing at a steel target between 50 and 100 yards away.
The time of flight for the bullet is simply the recorded time between muzzle
blast and sound of the bullet hitting the target minus the time it takes the
sound to return from the target to the microphone. The average bullet velocity
is simply the distance from the muzzle to the target divided by the time of
flight of the bullet. This method can also be applied to measurement of
paintball velocities.


title: The International Linear Collider beam dumps

abstract:
  The ILC beam dumps are a key part of the accelerator design. At Snowmass
2005, the current status of the beam dump designs were reviewed, and the
options for the overall dump layout considered. This paper describes the
available dump options for the baseline and the alternatives and considers
issues for the dumps that require resolution.


title: Ensemble based convergence assessment of biomolecular trajectories

abstract:
  Assessing the convergence of a biomolecular simulation is an essential part
of any computational investigation. This is because many important quantities
(e.g., free energy differences) depend on the relative populations of different
conformers; insufficient convergence translates into systematic errors. Here we
present a simple method to self-consistently assess the convergence of a
simulation. Standard clustering methods first generate a set of reference
structures to any desired precision. The trajectory is then classified by
proximity to the reference structures, yielding a one-dimensional histogram of
structurally distinct populations. Comparing ensembles of different
trajectories (or different parts of the same trajectory) built with the same
reference structures provides a sensitive, quantitative measure of convergence.
Please note: this is a preliminary manuscript, and should be read as such.
Comments are most welcome, especially regarding pertinent prior work.


title:
Dynamo action at low magnetic Prandtl numbers: mean flow vs. fully
  turbulent motion

abstract:
  We compute numerically the threshold for dynamo action in Taylor-Green
swirling flows. Kinematic calculations, for which the flow field is fixed to
its time averaged profile, are compared to dynamical runs for which both the
Navier-Stokes and the induction equations are jointly solved. The kinematic
instability is found to have two branches, for all explored Reynolds numbers.
The dynamical dynamo threshold follows these branches: at low Reynolds number
it lies within the low branch while at high kinetic Reynolds number it is close
to the high branch.


title:
An interacting-agent model of financial markets from the viewpoint of
  nonextensive statistical mechanics

abstract:
  In this paper we present an interacting-agent model of stock markets. We
describe a stock market through an Ising-like model in order to formulate the
tendency of traders getting to be influenced by the other traders' investment
attitudes [1], and formulate the traders' decision-making regarding investment
as the maximum entropy principle for nonextensive entropy. We demonstrate that
the equilibrium probability distribution function of the traders' investment
attitude is the {\it q-exponential distribution}. We also show that the
power-law distribution of the volatility of price fluctuations, which is often
demonstrated in empirical studies, can be explained naturally by our model
which is based on the collective crowd behavior of many interacting agents.


title: Tailored quantum dots for entangled photon pair creation

abstract:
  We compare the asymmetry-induced exchange splitting delta_1 of the
bright-exciton ground-state doublet in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum
dots, determined by Faraday rotation, with its homogeneous linewidth gamma,
obtained from the radiative decay in time-resolved photoluminescence.
Post-growth thermal annealing of the dot structures leads to a considerable
increase of the homogeneous linewidth, while a strong reduction of the exchange
splitting is simultaneously observed. The annealing can be tailored such that
delta_1 and gamma become comparable, whereupon the carriers are still well
confined. This opens the possibility to observe polarization entangled photon
pairs through the biexciton decay cascade.


title: The Latest on the Sokal Affair: Beyond Three Extremisms

abstract:
  After a short summary of the Sokal Affair and of the point of view of Steven
Weinberg, we discuss certain aspects of the scientist ideology present in the
last book of Alan Sokal "Pesudoscience ans Postmodernism: Antagonists or
Fellow-Travellers?", published in France. The danger of the three extremisms
present in our time - relativist extremism, scientist extremism and its
mirror-image, the religious extremism - is underlined. We point out also the
necessity of a transdisciplinary dialogue between the different disciplines as
a rampart against the fascination caused by these three extremisms.


abstract:
  Multiple scattering and attenuation corrections in Deep Inelastic Neutron
Scattering experiments are analyzed. The theoretical basis is stated, and a
Monte Carlo procedure to perform the calculation is presented. The results are
compared with experimental data. The importance of the accuracy in the
description of the experimental parameters is tested, and the implications of
the present results on the data analysis procedures is examined.


title: Quantum Vacuum Charge and the New HyperCP Particle X

abstract:
  We present a unique geometrical model based on our findings of a quantum
vacuum charge scenario to predict the recent experimental find of the new
HyperCP 214 MeV particle state X. This model, which we call the Spin Matrix,
also predicts many more states; some of which represent known particles and
some states that aren't represented directly by known particles or haven't been
experimentally found yet. We demonstrate a parameter-free description of the
lowest energy particles in nature.


title: The Discovery of European Porcelain Technology

abstract:
  The European quest for the hard paste porcelain lasted until about 1710, when
the first production unit was built at Meissen in Saxony. Although, it is
generally believed that Bottger discovered the European porcelain technology,
this work shows that the German porcelain quest was a State affair; a
collective project directed by Tschirnhaus and supported by August the Strong.
It also aims to shed light to the reasons that led to Tschirnhaus's relative
oblivion. Considering three distinct temporal stages, we re-examine the roles
of the main contributors to the porcelain project, referring to the role of the
Mercantilism system and to the philosophical roots of Tschirnhaus's method.


title: Long-wave instability and growth rate of the inviscid shear flows

abstract:
  In this paper, we studied the long-wave instability of the shear flows. When
the wavenumber of perturbation is larger than the critical value, the flow is
always neutrally stable. First, we obtain a new upper bound for the neutral
wavenumber $k_1\leq (p^2-1)\mu_1$, where $p>1$ and $\mu_1$ is the smallest
eigenvalue of Poincar\'{e}'s problem. Second, we find a new upper bound for the
imaginary part of the complex phase velocity $c_i \leq k_1 \Delta
U/\sqrt{\mu_1}$, where $\Delta U$ is the variance of the velocity. The new
bound is finite for all $k>0$ similar to the Howard's semicircle theorem, while
the previous ones by Craik and Banerjee et al would be infinity as
$k\rightarrow 0$. Third, we find a new upper bound of growth rate $\omega_i
\leq (p-1) \sqrt{\mu_1} \Delta U$. All the new bounds are much more strict than
the previous ones by H{\o}iland, Howard, Craik and Banerjee et al. Our results
also extend the inverse energy cascade theory by Kraichnan. As shear
instability is due to long-wave instability, it implies that the truncation of
long-waves may change the instability of shear flows.


title:
Georg(e) Placzek: a bibliometric study of his scientific production and
  its impact

abstract:
  The availability of a number of databases, in particular the Science Citation
Index (SCI), have encouraged the development and use of bibliometric techniques
to analyze and evaluate the production and impact of scientists. To avoid
pitfalls and their sometimes serious consequences, however, considerable
experience with the method is needed. The case of George Placzek appears as an
excellent one to illustrate the procedure and its problems. Placzeks work
covered a broad range of topics, including optical and neutron spectroscopy,
neutron diffusion, nuclear reactions, and nuclear energy. He worked in a large
number of places with some of the most outstanding collaborators and also as
sole author during his short professional life. His publications appeared in
regular, so-called source journals, in books, lecture notes and also internal
reports which were classified till several years after the end of the war. In
this article we analyze Placzeks work and its impact with the aim of
illustrating the power and virtues of bibliometric techniques and their
pitfalls.


title: A Model for Social Networks

abstract:
  Social networks are organized into communities with dense internal
connections, giving rise to high values of the clustering coefficient. In
addition, these networks have been observed to be assortative, i.e. highly
connected vertices tend to connect to other highly connected vertices, and have
broad degree distributions. We present a model for an undirected growing
network which reproduces these characteristics, with the aim of producing
efficiently very large networks to be used as platforms for studying
sociodynamic phenomena. The communities arise from a mixture of random
attachment and implicit preferential attachment. The structural properties of
the model are studied analytically and numerically, using the
  $k$-clique method for quantifying the communities.


title:
Advances in Thick GEM-like gaseous electron multipliers. Part I:
  atmospheric pressure operation

abstract:
  Thick GEM-like (THGEM) gaseous electron multipliers are made of standard
printed-circuit board perforated with sub-millimeter diameter holes, etched at
their rims. Effective gas multiplication factors of 100000 and 10000000 and
fast pulses in the few nanosecond rise-time scale were reached in single- and
cascaded double-THGEM elements, in atmospheric-pressure standard gas mixtures
with single photoelectrons. High single-electron detection efficiency is
obtained in photon detectors combining THGEMs and semitransparent UV-sensitive
CsI photocathodes or reflective ones deposited on the top THGEM face; the
latter benefits of a reduced sensitivity to ionizing background radiation.
Stable operation was recorded with photoelectron fluxes exceeding MHz/mm2. The
properties and some potential applications of these simple and robust
multipliers are discussed.


title: The dynamics of travertine terrace formation

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn by the author because of publication in the
journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters (Elsevier), which does not permit
preprints at arxiv.org


title:
Intercomparison of the northern hemisphere winter mid-latitude
  atmospheric variability of the IPCC models

abstract:
  We compare, for the overlapping time frame 1962-2000, the estimate of the
northern hemisphere (NH) mid-latitude winter atmospheric variability within the
XX century simulations of 17 global climate models (GCMs) included in the
IPCC-4AR with the NCEP and ECMWF reanalyses. We compute the Hayashi spectra of
the 500hPa geopotential height fields and introduce an integral measure of the
variability observed in the NH on different spectral sub-domains. Only two
high-resolution GCMs have a good agreement with reanalyses. Large biases, in
most cases larger than 20%, are found between the wave climatologies of most
GCMs and the reanalyses, with a relative span of around 50%. The travelling
baroclinic waves are usually overestimated, while the planetary waves are
usually underestimated, in agreement with previous studies performed on global
weather forecasting models. When comparing the results of various versions of
similar GCMs, it is clear that in some cases the vertical resolution of the
atmosphere and, somewhat unexpectedly, of the adopted ocean model seem to be
critical in determining the agreement with the reanalyses. The GCMs ensemble is
biased with respect to the reanalyses but is comparable to the best 5 GCMs.
This study suggests serious caveats with respect to the ability of most of the
presently available GCMs in representing the statistics of the global scale
atmospheric dynamics of the present climate and, a fortiori, in the perspective
of modelling climate change.

categories: physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph physics.soc-ph


title: Learning about knowledge: A complex network approach

abstract:
  This article describes an approach to modeling knowledge acquisition in terms
of walks along complex networks. Each subset of knowledge is represented as a
node, and relations between such knowledge are expressed as edges. Two types of
edges are considered, corresponding to free and conditional transitions. The
latter case implies that a node can only be reached after visiting previously a
set of nodes (the required conditions). The process of knowledge acquisition
can then be simulated by considering the number of nodes visited as a single
agent moves along the network, starting from its lowest layer. It is shown that
hierarchical networks, i.e. networks composed of successive interconnected
layers, arise naturally as a consequence of compositions of the prerequisite
relationships between the nodes. In order to avoid deadlocks, i.e. unreachable
nodes, the subnetwork in each layer is assumed to be a connected component.
Several configurations of such hierarchical knowledge networks are simulated
and the performance of the moving agent quantified in terms of the percentage
of visited nodes after each movement. The Barab\'asi-Albert and random models
are considered for the layer and interconnecting subnetworks. Although all
subnetworks in each realization have the same number of nodes, several
interconnectivities, defined by the average node degree of the interconnection
networks, have been considered. Two visiting strategies are investigated:
random choice among the existing edges and preferential choice to so far
untracked edges. A series of interesting results are obtained, including the
identification of a series of plateaux of knowledge stagnation in the case of
the preferential movements strategy in presence of conditional edges.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cs.NE physics.comp-ph


title:
Advances in Thick GEM-like gaseous electron multipliers. Part II:
  low-pressure operation

abstract:
  We present results on THGEM operation at low gas pressures, in the range
0.5-50 Torr. Gaseous gain up to 100000 was recorded at 10 Torr of Isobutane in
a single multiplier element, with pulses rise-time in the few ns range.
Cascaded operation of two THGEMs is reported, with similar total gain but at
lower voltages on each element. The present work encompasses a large variety of
THGEM geometries and includes electric-field distribution calculations and
electron transport simulations. We discuss the operation mechanism and some
possible applications of THGEMs at low gas pressures.


title: Operation of MHSP multipliers in high pressure pure noble-gas

abstract:
  We report on the performance of a Micro-Hole & Strip Plate (MHSP) electron
multiplier operating in pure Xe, Kr, Ar and Ne at the pressure range of 1 to 6
bar. The maximal gains at 1 bar Xe and Kr are 50000 and 100000, respectively;
they drop by about one order of magnitude at 2 bar and by almost another order
of magnitude at 5-6 bar; they reach gains of 500 and 4000 at 5 bar in Xe and
Kr, respectively. In Ar, the gain varies very little with pressure, being
3000-9000; in Ne the maximum attainable gain, about 100000, is pressure
independent above 2 bar. The results are compared with that of single- and
triple-GEM multipliers operated in similar conditions. Potential applications
are in hard X-ray imaging and in cryogenic radiation detectors.


title:
Theoretical Study of Sodium and Potassium Resonance Lines Pressure
  Broadened by Helium Atoms

abstract:
  We perform fully quantum mechanical calculations in the binary approximation
of the emission and absorption profiles of the sodium $3s$-$3p$ and potassium
$4s$-$4p$ resonance lines under the influence of a helium perturbing gas. We
use carefully constructed potential energy surfaces and transition dipole
moments to compute the emission and absorption coefficients at temperatures
from 158 to 3000 K. Contributions from quasi-bound states are included. The
resulting red and blue wing profiles agree well with previous theoretical
calculations and with experimental measurements.


title:
Comment on "Optical Response of Strongly Coupled Nanopraticles in Dimer
  Arrays" (Phys. Rev. B 71(4), 045404, 2005)

abstract:
  I have re-calculated the extinction spectra of aggregates of two silver
nanospheres shown in Figs.~2 and 3 of Ref.~8. I have used the approximate
method of images according to Ref.~8 and an exact numerical technique. I have
found that the three sets of data (those I have obtained by the method of
images, the numerical results, and the results published in Ref.~8) do not
coincide. In this Comment, I discuss the reasons for these discrepancies and
the general applicability of the method of images to the quasi-static
electromagnetic problem of two interacting nanospheres.


title: Status of the ATF extraction line laser-wire

abstract:
  A new laser-wire is being installed in the extraction line of the ATF at KEK.
This device aims at demonstrating that laser-wires can be used to measure
micrometre scale beam size.


title:
Tunable all-optical switching in periodic structures with liquid-crystal
  defects

abstract:
  We suggest that tunable orientational nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystals
can be employed for all-optical switching in periodic photonic structures with
liquid-crystal defects. We consider a one-dimensional periodic structure of Si
layers with a local defect created by infiltrating a liquid crystal into a
pore, and demonstrate, by solving numerically a system of coupled nonlinear
equations for the nematic director and the propagating electric field, that the
light-induced Freedericksz transition can lead to a sharp switching and diode
operation in the photonic devices.


title:
Physical foundation of the mathematical concepts in the nonstandard
  analysis theory of turbulence

abstract:
  The physical foundation of the main mathematical concepts in the nonstandard
analysis theory of turbulence are presented and discussed. The basic fact is
that there does not exist the absolute zero fluid-volume. Therefore, the
corresponding physical object to the absolute point is just the uniform
fluid-particle. The fluid-particle, in general, corresponds to the monad. The
uniform fluid-particle corresponds to the uniform monad, the nonuniform
fluid-particle to the nonuniform monad. There are two kinds of the
differentiations, one based on the absolute point, another based on the monad.
The former is adopted in the Navier-Stokes equations, the latter in the
fundamental equations, the closed forms are the equations (7)-(11) in this
article, in the nonstandard analysis theory of turbulence. The continuity of
fluid is shown by virtue of the concepts of the fluid-particle and
fluid-particle in lower level. The character of the continuity in two cases,
the standard and nonstandard analysis, is presented in the paper. And the
difference in the discretization between the Navier-Stokes equations and the
equations (7)-(11) is pointed out too.


title:
Statistical Properties of the Returns of Stock Prices of International
  Markets

abstract:
  We investigate statistical properties of daily international market indices
of seven countries, and high-frequency $S&P500$ and KOSDAQ data, by using the
detrended fluctuation method and the surrogate test. We have found that the
returns of international stock market indices of seven countries follow a
universal power-law distribution with an exponent of $\zeta \approx 3$, while
the Korean stock market follows an exponential distribution with an exponent of
$\beta \approx 0.7$. The Hurst exponent analysis of the original return, and
its magnitude and sign series, reveal that the long-term-memory property, which
is absent in the returns and sign series, exists in the magnitude time series
with $0.7 \leq H \leq 0.8$. The surrogate test shows that the magnitude time
series reflects the non-linearity of the return series, which helps to reveal
that the KOSDAQ index, one of the emerging markets, shows higher volatility
than a mature market such as the {S&P} 500 index.


title: A model of the ball lightning

abstract:
  The ball lightning is supposed to be a shock wave of a point explosion frozen
with electrostriction forces of the internal strong laser discharge. The life
time of the ball with modest parameters is calculated.


title: Topological features of proteins from amino acid residue networks

abstract:
  Topological properties of native folds are obtained from statistical analysis
of 160 low homology proteins covering the four structural classes. This is done
analysing one, two and three-vertex joint distribution of quantities related to
the corresponding network of amino acid residues. Emphasis on the amino acid
residue hydrophobicity leads to the definition of their center of mass as
vertices in this contact network model with interactions represented by edges.
The network analysis helps us to interpret experimental results such as
hydrophobic scales and fraction of buried accessible surface area in terms of
the network connectivity. To explore the vertex type dependent correlations, we
build a network of hydrophobic and polar vertices. This procedure presents the
wiring diagram of the topological structure of globular proteins leading to the
following attachment probabilities between hydrophobic-hydrophobic 0.424(5),
hydrophobic-polar 0.419(2) and polar-polar 0.157(3) residues.


title:
Nine Theorems of Inconsistency in GRT with Resolutions via
  Isogravitation

abstract:
  This paper presents nine inconsistency theorems for general relativity theory
(GRT), and shows that they ultimately originate from the use of Riemannian
curvature and the abandonment of universal invariance (which is stronger than
the customary covariance). These features cause GRT to be non-canonical at the
classi-cal level and non-unitary at the operator level, resulting under time
evolution in catastrophic structural prob-lems, such as lack of invariant basic
measurement units, loss of stable numerical predictions, absence of reliable
observables, etc. The nine inconsistency theorems are re-inspected via isotopic
methods and the related new theory of gravitation known as isogravitation. This
new theory offers swift and simple resolutions for all the in-consistencies
identified in GRT.


title: Heat equilibrium distribution in a turbulent flow

abstract:
  We consider a shear flow of a scale invariant homogeneous Gaussian random
velocity field which does not depend on coordinates in the direction of the
flow. We investigate a heat advection coming from a Gaussian random homogeneous
source. We discuss a relaxation at large time of a temperature distribution
determined by the forced advection-diffusion equation. We represent the
temperature correlation functions by means of the Feynman-Kac formula. Jensen
inequalities are applied for lower and upper bounds on the correlation
functions. We show that at finite time there is no velocity dependence of long
range temperature correlations (low momentum asymptotics) in the direction of
the flow but the equilibrium heat distribution has large distance correlations
(low momentum behaviour) with an index depending on the scaling index of the
random flow and of the index of the random forcing. If the velocity has
correlations growing with the distance (a turbulent flow) then the large
distance correlations depend in a crucial way on the scaling index of the
turbulent flow. In such a case the correlations increase in the direction of
the flow and decrease in the direction perpendicular to the flow making the
stream of heat more coherent.


title:
Invariant space-time intervals, clock synchronisation and correct
  application of Lorentz transformations in special relativity

abstract:
  Space-like and time-like invariant space-time intervals are used to analyse
measurements of spatial and temporal distances. The former are found to be
Lorentz invariant --there is no `relativistic length contraction', whereas the
latter exhibit the experimentally confirmed `time dilatation' effect, without,
however, `relativity of simultaneity'. It is shown how the spurious predictions
of length contraction and relativity of simultaneity arise from the use of
inconsistent synchronisation procedures for spatially separated clocks.


title:
Spectroscopic studies of fractal aggregates of silver nanospheres
  undergoing local restructuring

abstract:
  We present an experimental spectroscopic study of large random colloidal
aggregates of silver nanoparticles undergoing local restructuring. We argue
that such well-known phenomena as strong fluctuation of local electromagnetic
fields, appearance of "hot spots" and enhancement of nonlinear optical
responses depend on the local structure on the scales of several nanosphere
diameters, rather that the large-scale fractal geometry of the sample.


title:
Expressions for frictional and conservative force combinations within
  the dissipative Lagrange-Hamilton formalism

abstract:
  Dissipative Lagrangians and Hamiltonians having Coulomb, viscous and
quadratic damping,together with gravitational and elastic terms are presented
for a formalism that preserves the Hamiltonian as a constant of the motion.
Their derivations are also shown. The resulting L's and H's may prove useful in
exploring new types of damped quantum systems.


title: Computational Improvements to Matrix Operations

abstract:
  An alternative to the matrix inverse procedure is presented. Given a bit
register which is arbitrarily large, the matrix inverse to an arbitrarily large
matrix can be peformed in ${\cal O}(N^2)$ operations, and to matrix
multiplication on a vector in ${\cal O}(N)$. This is in contrast to the usual
${\cal O}(N^3)$ and ${\cal O}(N^2)$. A finite size bit register can lead to
speeds up of an order of magnitude in large matrices such as $500\times 500$.
The FFT can be improved from ${\cal O}(N\ln N)$ to ${\cal O}(N)$ steps, or even
fewer steps in a modified butterfly configuration.


title: Biham-Middleton-Levine Traffic Model With Origin-Destination Trips

abstract:
  We extended the Biham-Middleton-Levine model to incorporate the origin and
destination effect of drivers trips on the traffic in cities. The destination
sites are randomly chosen from some origin-destination distances probability
distribution "ODDPD". We use three different distributions: exponential,
uniform and power-law. We consider two variants of the model. In conserved
particles model (Model A), drivers continue their travelling even if they
reached their destinations. In non-conserved particles model (Model B), a
driver which reaches its destination disappears with rate $\beta$. It is found
that the traffic dynamics in model A and the evacuation processes in model B
are greatly influenced by the ODDPD. On one hand, we found that we can adjust
the ODDPD to enhance the road capacity of the city and to minimize the arrival
times of drivers in particles conserved system and to optimize the evacuation
time of drivers in non-conserved case. On the other hand, we find that,
independently on the ODDPD, the evacuation time $T$ of drivers diverges in the
form of a power law $T \propto \beta^{-\nu}$, with $\nu=1$.


title: Investigating the optical properties of carbonado-diamonds

abstract:
  Carbonado-diamond is the most enigmatic of diamond types, and surprisingly
there are few optical studies. In some cases, the diamond peak at 1332.5 cm-1
is absent, and the presence of a D-band graphite peak around 1320 cm-1 is
observed in our Raman investigation. The disappearance of the diamond peak in
carbonado-diamond is interpreted as the combined effect of small crystal size
and the high absorption of graphite. The photoluminescence spectra of
carbonado-diamond shows two new zero phonon lines at 584.2 nm (2.12 eV) and at
743 nm (1.67 eV). By heating the carbonado-diamond to 1500 oC for ten minutes
in argon the appearance of an additional peak at 693.5 nm (1.786 eV) is
detected. The infrared absorption spectra of carbonado-diamond powder indicate
either extremely low or extremely high absorption.


title:
Convergent close-coupling calculations of two-photon double ionization
  of helium

abstract:
  We apply the convergent close-coupling (CCC) formalism to the problem of
two-photon double ionization of helium. The electron-photon interaction is
treated perturbatively whereas the electron-electron interaction is included in
full. The integrated two-photon double ionization cross-section is
substantially below non-perturbative literature results. However, the pattern
of the angular correlation in the two-electron continuum is remarkably close to
the non-perturbative time-dependent close-coupling calculation of Hu {\em et
al} [J. Phys. {\bf B38}, L35 (2005)]


title:
The BaBar Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Status and Performance
  Improvements

abstract:
  The electromagnetic calorimeter at the BaBar detector, part of the asymmetric
B Factory at SLAC, measures photons in the energy range from 20 MeV to 8 GeV
with high resolution. The current status of the calorimeter, now in its seventh
year of operation, is being presented, as well as details on improvements made
to the analysis code during the last years.


title:
A Novel Symmetric Four Dimensional Polytope Found Using Optimization
  Strategies Inspired by Thomson's Problem of Charges on a Sphere

abstract:
  Inspired by, and using methods of optimization derived from classical three
dimensional electrostatics, we note a novel beautiful symmetric four
dimensional polytope we have found with 80 vertices. We also describe how the
method used to find this symmetric polytope, and related methods can
potentially be used to find good examples for the kissing and packing problems
in D dimensions.


title:
Consistent Cosmology, Dynamic Relativity and Causal Quantum Mechanics as
  Unified Manifestations of the Symmetry of Complexity

abstract:
  The universal symmetry, or conservation, of complexity underlies any law or
principle of system dynamics and describes the unceasing transformation of
dynamic information into dynamic entropy as the unique way to conserve their
sum, the total dynamic complexity. Here we describe the real world structure
emergence and dynamics as manifestation of the universal symmetry of complexity
of initially homogeneous interaction between two protofields. It provides the
unified complex-dynamic, causally complete origin of physically real, 3D space,
time, elementary particles, their properties (mass, charge, spin, etc.),
quantum, relativistic, and classical behaviour, as well as fundamental
interaction forces, including naturally quantized gravitation. The old and new
cosmological problems (including "dark" mass and energy) are basically solved
for this explicitly emerging, self-tuning world structure characterised by
strictly positive (and large) energy-complexity. A general relation is obtained
between the numbers of world dimensions and fundamental forces, excluding
plausible existence of hidden dimensions. The unified, causally explained
quantum, classical, and relativistic properties (and types of behaviour) are
generalised to all higher levels of complex world dynamics. The real world
structure, dynamics, and evolution are exactly reproduced by the probabilistic
dynamical fractal, which is obtained as the truly complete general solution of
a problem and the unique structure of the new mathematics of complexity. We
outline particular, problem-solving applications of always exact, but
irregularly structured symmetry of unreduced dynamic complexity to microworld
dynamics, including particle physics, genuine quantum chaos, real
nanobiotechnology, and reliable genomics.


title: Quantifying social vs. antisocial behavior in email networks

abstract:
  Email graphs have been used to illustrate general properties of social
networks of communication and collaboration. However, increasingly, the
majority of email traffic reflects opportunistic, rather than symbiotic social
relations. Here we use e-mail data drawn from a large university to construct
directed graphs of email exchange that quantify the differences between social
and antisocial behaviors in networks of communication. We show that while
structural characteristics typical of other social networks are shared to a
large extent by the legitimate component they are not characteristic of
antisocial traffic. Interestingly, opportunistic patterns of behavior do create
nontrivial graphs with certain general characteristics that we identify. To
complement the graph analysis, which suffers from incomplete knowledge of users
external to the domain, we study temporal patterns of communication to show
that the dynamical properties of email traffic can, in principle, distinguish
different types of social relations.


title:
Nonlocal communication with photoinduced structures at the surface of a
  polymer film

abstract:
  Nonlocal communication between two laser light beams is experimented in a
photochromic polymer thin films. Information exchange between the beams is
mediated by the self-induction of a surface relief pattern. The exchanged
information is related to the pitch and orientation of the grating. Both are
determined by the incident beam. The process can be applied to experiment on a
new kind of logic gates.


title:
Benchmark of FEM, Waveguide and FDTD Algorithms for Rigorous Mask
  Simulation

abstract:
  An extremely fast time-harmonic finite element solver developed for the
transmission analysis of photonic crystals was applied to mask simulation
problems. The applicability was proven by examining a set of typical problems
and by a benchmarking against two established methods (FDTD and a differential
method) and an analytical example. The new finite element approach was up to
100 times faster than the competing approaches for moderate target accuracies,
and it was the only method which allowed to reach high target accuracies.


title:
Effect of size heterogeneity on community identification in complex
  networks

abstract:
  Identifying community structure can be a potent tool in the analysis and
understanding of the structure of complex networks. Up to now, methods for
evaluating the performance of identification algorithms use ad-hoc networks
with communities of equal size. We show that inhomogeneities in community sizes
can and do affect the performance of algorithms considerably, and propose an
alternative method which takes these factors into account. Furthermore, we
propose a simple modification of the algorithm proposed by Newman for community
detection (Phys. Rev. E {\bf 69} 066133) which treats communities of different
sizes on an equal footing, and show that it outperforms the original algorithm
while retaining its speed.


title:
A Second Look at Canonical Sampling of Biomolecules using Replica
  Exchange Simulation

abstract:
  Because of growing interest in temperature-based sampling methods like
replica exchange, this note aims to make some observations and raise some
potentially important questions which we have not seen addressed sufficiently
in the literature. Mainly, we wish to call attention to limits on the maximum
speed-up to be expected from temperature-based methods, and also note the need
for careful quantification of sampling efficiency. Because potentially lengthy
studies may be necessary to address these issues, we felt it would be useful to
bring them to the attention of the broader community. Here \emph{we are
strictly concerned with canonical sampling at a fixed temperature,} and
\emph{not} with conformational search.


title: MICE: The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

abstract:
  Ionization cooling of a muon beam is a key technique for a Neutrino Factory
or Muon Collider. An international collaboration is mounting an experiment to
demonstrate muon ionization cooling at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. We
aim to complete the experiment by 2010.


title: Quantum Yield Calculations for Strongly Absorbing Chromophores

abstract:
  This article demonstrates that a commonly-made assumption in quantum yield
calculations may produce errors of up to 25% in extreme cases and can be
corrected by a simple modification to the analysis.


title: Throwing and jumping for maximum horizontal range

abstract:
  Optimum projection angles for achieving maximum horizontal range in throwing
and jumping events are considerably less than 45 degrees. This unexpected
result arise because an athlete can generate a greater projection velocity at
low projection angles than at high angles. The range of a projectile is
strongly dependent on projection speed and so the optimum projection angle is
biased towards low projection angles. Here we examine the velocity-angle
relation and the optimum projection angle in selected throwing and jumping
events.


title: Release angle for attaining maximum distance in the soccer throw-in

abstract:
  We investigated the release angle that maximises the distance attained in a
long soccer throw-in. One male soccer player performed maximum-effort throws
using release angles of between 10 and 60 degrees, and the throws were analysed
using 2-D video. The player's optimum release angle was calculated by
substituting mathematical expressions for the measured relations between
release speed, release height, and release angle into the equations for the
flight of a spherical projectile. We found that the musculoskeletal structure
of the player's body had a strong influence on the optimum release angle. When
using low release angles the player released the ball with a greater release
speed, and because the range of a projectile is strongly dependent on the
release speed, this bias toward low release angles reduced the optimum release
angle to about 30 degrees. Calculations showed that the distance of a throw may
be increased by a few metres by launching the ball with a fast backspin, but
the ball must be launched at a slightly lower release angle.


title:
Comment to Comment on Cartesian expressions for surface and regular
  solid spherical harmonics using binomial coefficients and its use in the
  evaluation of multicenter integrals

abstract:
  The comments of Guseinov on our recent paper (Czech. J. Phys., 52 (2002)1297)
have been analyzed critically. It is shown that his comments are irrelevant and
also unjust. In contrast to his comment, it is proved that the presented
formulae in our study are original and obtained independently, not by changing
by the summation indices. It should be stressed that our algorithm is not
affected from possible instability problems and also can be used in large scale
calculations without loss of significant figures. Meanwhile, his comment on the
transformation of our formula into his formula proves the correctness of our
algorithm and therefore can be regarded as a nice sound of science.

categories: physics.chem-ph cond-mat.other math-ph math.MP quant-ph


title: 5-Dimensional Extended Space Model

abstract:
  We put forward an idea that physical phenomena have to be treated in
5-dimensional space where the fifth coordinate is the interval S. Thus, we
considered the (1+4) extended space G(T;X,Y,Z,S). In addition to Lorentz
transformations (T;X), (T;Y), (T;Z) which are in (1+3)-dimensional Minkowski
space, in the proposed (1+4)d extended space two other types of transformations
exist in planes (T,S); (X,S), (Y,S), (Z,S) that converts massive particles into
massless and vice versa. We also consider energy-momentum-mass 5-d space which
is conjugated to the time-coordinates-interval (T;X,Y,Z,S) space. The mass in
above mentioned 5-d energy-momentum-mass space corresponds to the interval S in
5-d space (T,X,Y,Z,S). Well known energy-momentum 4-vector P(1+3)=(E/c;
px,py,pz) in the Minkowski (T;X,Y,Z) space is transformed to the the 5-vector -
P(1+4)=(E/c; px,py,pz,mc) in the extended space G(T;X,Y,Z,S) and becomes
isotropic for 5-vectors of the massive as well as for the massless particles.


title:
Calculation of ground- and excited-state energies of confined helium
  atom

abstract:
  We calculate the energies of ground and three low lying excited states of
confined helium atom centered in an impenetrable spherical box. We perform the
calculation by employing variational method with two-parameter variational
forms for the correlated two-particle wave function. With just two variational
parameters we get quite accurate results for both ground and excited state
energies.


title:
Magnetic Susceptibility: Further Insights into Macroscopic and
  Microscopic Fields and the Sphere of Lorentz

abstract:
  To make certain quantitative interpretations of spectra from NMR experiments
carried out on heterogeneous samples, such as cells and tissues, we must be
able to estimate the magnetic and electric fields experienced by the resonant
nuclei of atoms in the sample. Here, we analyze the relationships between these
fields and the fields obtained by solving the Maxwell equations that describe
the bulk properties of the materials present. This analysis separates the
contribution to these fields of the molecule in which the atom in question is
bonded, the "host" fields, from the contribution of all the other molecules in
the system, the "external" fields. We discuss the circumstances under which the
latter can be found by determining the macroscopic fields in the sample and
then removing the averaged contribution of the host molecule. We demonstrate
that the results produced by the, so-called, "sphere of Lorentz" construction
are of general validity in both static and time-varying cases. This analytic
construct, however, is not "mystical" and its justification rests not on any
sphericity in the system but on the local uniformity and isotropy, i.e.,
spherical symmetry, of the medium when averaged over random microscopic
configurations. This local averaging is precisely that which defines the
equations that describe the macroscopic fields. Hence, the external microscopic
fields, in a suitably averaged sense, can be estimated from the macroscopic
fields. We then discuss the calculation of the external fields and that of the
resonant nucleus in NMR experiments.


title:
Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik..." (1905) Revisited, with Some
  Consequences

abstract:
  Einstein, in his "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper", gave a physical
(operational) meaning to "time" of a remote event in describing "motion" by
introducing the concept of "synchronous stationary clocks located at different
places". But with regard to "place" in describing motion, he assumed without
analysis the concept of a system of co-ordinates. In the present paper, we
propose a way of giving physical (operational) meaning to the concepts of
"place" and "co-ordinate system", and show how the observer can define both the
place and time of a remote event. Following Einstein, we consider another
system "in uniform motion of translation relatively to the former". Without
assuming "the properties of homogeneity which we attribute to space and time",
we show that the definitions of space and time in the two systems are linearly
related. We deduce some novel consequences of our approach regarding
faster-than-light observers and particles, "one-way" and "two-way" velocities
of light, symmetry, the "group property" of inertial reference frames, length
contraction and time dilatation, and the "twin paradox". Finally, we point out
a flaw in Einstein's argument in the "Electrodynamical Part" of his paper and
show that the Lorentz force formula and Einstein's formula for transformation
of field quantities are mutually consistent. We show that for faster-than-light
bodies, a simple modification of Planck's formula for mass suffices. (Except
for the reference to Planck's formula, we restrict ourselves to Physics of
1905.)


title: Relativistic and Quantum Properties of Spatial Rotations

abstract:
  The principles of the physical description of non-inertial frames of
reference are analyzed. The systems of physical reality description (PhRD) are
introduced on base of generalization of the relativistic principle in special
and general theories of relativity. Physical objects and their interactions
from different systems of PhRD are examined. A lot of conformities between
considered objects and their interactions with known physical objects and
fundamental interactions both in micro- and macro-scales are found.


title: Heisenberg and the Levels of Reality

abstract:
  We first analyze the transdisciplinary model of Reality and its key-concept
of "Levels of Reality". We then compare this model with the one elaborated by
Werner Heisenberg in 1942.


title: Photoelectron backscattering in vacuum phototubes

abstract:
  In this article we describe results of a photoelectron backscattering effect
in vacuum phototubes: classical photomultipliers (PMT) and hybrid phototubes
(PH). Late pulses occurring in PMTs are attributed to the photoelectron
backscattering and distinguished from pulses due to an anode glow effect. The
late pulses are measured in a number of PMTs and HPs with various photocathode
sizes covering 1-50 cm range and different types of the first dynode materials
and construction designs. It is shown that the late pulses are a generic
feature of all vacuum photodetectors - PMTs and PHs and they don't deteriorate
dramatically amplitude and timing responses of vacuum phototubes.


title: Gossip in random networks

abstract:
  We consider the average probability X of being informed on a gossip in a
given social network. The network is modeled within the random graph theory of
Erdos and Renyi. In this theory, a network is characterized by two parameters:
the size N and the link probability p. Our experimental data suggest three
levels of social inclusion of friendship. The critical value p_c, for which
half of agents are informed, scales with the system size as N^{-\gamma} with
\gamma\approx 0.68. Computer simulations show that the probability X varies
with p as a sigmoidal curve. Influence of the correlations between neighbors is
also evaluated: with increasing clustering coefficient C, X decreases.


title: On the history of photomultiplier tube invention

abstract:
  In this very short note we review some historical aspects of photomultiplier
tube invention. It is our tribute to the memory of great Soviet-Russian
physicist and engineer Leonid Aleksandrovitch Kubetsky whose life and
scientific achievements are described briefly. Particular efforts are made to
shed light on a controversial issue of who invented the first photomultiplier
tube. It is asserted that if to recognize L.A.Kubetsky's priority on the
photomultiplier tube invention the last Beaune Conference would be held on the
eve of the 75th Anniversary of that great event.


title:
Non-equilibrium and Irreversible Simulation of Competition among
  Languages

abstract:
  The bit-string model of Schulze and Stauffer (2005) is applied to
non-equilibrium situations and then gives better agreement with the empirical
distribution of language sizes. Here the size is the number of people having
this language as mother tongue. In contrast, when equilibrium is combined with
irreversible mutations of languages, one language always dominates and is
spoken by at least 80 percent of the population.


title:
Monte Carlo Algorithm for Least Dependent Non-Negative Mixture
  Decomposition

abstract:
  We propose a simulated annealing algorithm (called SNICA for "stochastic
non-negative independent component analysis") for blind decomposition of linear
mixtures of non-negative sources with non-negative coefficients. The de-mixing
is based on a Metropolis type Monte Carlo search for least dependent
components, with the mutual information between recovered components as a cost
function and their non-negativity as a hard constraint. Elementary moves are
shears in two-dimensional subspaces and rotations in three-dimensional
subspaces. The algorithm is geared at decomposing signals whose probability
densities peak at zero, the case typical in analytical spectroscopy and
multivariate curve resolution. The decomposition performance on large samples
of synthetic mixtures and experimental data is much better than that of
traditional blind source separation methods based on principal component
analysis (MILCA, FastICA, RADICAL) and chemometrics techniques (SIMPLISMA, ALS,
BTEM)
  The source codes of SNICA, MILCA and the MI estimator are freely available
online at http://www.fz-juelich.de/nic/cs/software

categories: physics.chem-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cs.IT math.IT math.PR math.ST physics.comp-ph physics.data-an stat.TH


title: Statistical Mechanics of Online Learning for Ensemble Teachers

abstract:
  We analyze the generalization performance of a student in a model composed of
linear perceptrons: a true teacher, ensemble teachers, and the student.
Calculating the generalization error of the student analytically using
statistical mechanics in the framework of on-line learning, it is proven that
when learning rate $\eta <1$, the larger the number $K$ and the variety of the
ensemble teachers are, the smaller the generalization error is. On the other
hand, when $\eta >1$, the properties are completely reversed. If the variety of
the ensemble teachers is rich enough, the direction cosine between the true
teacher and the student becomes unity in the limit of $\eta \to 0$ and $K \to
\infty$.