title: Noncollinear magnetic ordering in small Chromium Clusters

abstract:
  We investigate noncollinear effects in antiferromagnetically coupled clusters
using the general, rotationally invariant form of local spin-density theory.
The coupling to the electronic degrees of freedom is treated with relativistic
non-local pseudopotentials and the ionic structure is optimized by Monte-Carlo
techniques. We find that small chromium clusters (N \le 13) strongly favor
noncollinear configurations of their local magnetic moments due to frustration.
This effect is associated with a significantly lower total magnetization of the
noncollinear ground states, ameliorating the disagreement between Stern-Gerlach
measurements and previous collinear calculations for Cr_{12} and Cr_{13}. Our
results further suggest that the trend to noncollinear configurations might be
a feature common to most antiferromagnetic clusters.


title: Space Time Measurements in Special Relativity

abstract:
  The conventional discussion of apparent distortions of space and time in
Special Relativity (the Lorentz-Fitzgerald Contraction and Time Dilatation) is
extended by considering observations of : (i) moving objects of limited
lifetime in their own rest frame (`transient luminous objects') and (ii) a
moving extended array of synchronised `equivalent clocks' in a common inertial
frame. Application of the Lorentz Transformation to (i) shows that such
objects, viewed with coarse time resolution, appear to be longer in the
direction of the relative velocity $\vec{v}$ by a factor $1/\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2}$
(Space Dilatation) and to (ii) that the moving equivalent clock that appears at
any fixed position in the rest frame of an inertial observer appears to be
running faster than a similar clock at rest by the factor $1/\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2}$
(Time Contraction).
  The actual appearance of moving objects and clocks, taking into account light
propagation time delays, as well as the effect of the Lorentz Transformation,
is also discussed.


title: Physics in a Mirror: The TRIUMF 221 MeV pp Parity Violation Experiment

abstract:
  We measure the difference in the scattering probability when an experiment
scattering longitudinally polarized 221 MeV protons from liquid hydrogen is
replaced by its mirror image. The result depends on the interplay between the
weak and strong interactions in the interesting region near the surface of the
proton. The experiment is technically very challenging and requires elaborate
precautions to measure and correct for various sources of systematic error.


title:
Addendum to "The Dirac-Coulomb Sturmians and the series expansion of the
  Dirac-Coulomb Green function: application to the relativistic polarizability
  of the hydrogen-like atom" [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 (1997) 825-61,
  (E) 30 (1997) 2747]

abstract:
  Closure relations satisfied by the radial Dirac-Coulomb Sturmians are proved
analytically. The Sturmian expansion of the Dirac-Coulomb Green function is
transformed to the form containing only series with summations running over
non-negative indices. The main paper was published in J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt.
Phys. 30 (1997) 825-61 [Erratum: 30 (1997) 2747], see also J. Phys. A: Math.
Gen. 31 (1998) 4963--90 [Erratum: 31 (1998) 7415-6].

categories: physics.atom-ph math-ph math.CA math.MP quant-ph


title:
The Hydrogen Atom of Bohr II: Mean Lifetime of an Ensemble of Excited
  Hydrogen atoms

abstract:
  "Does God play dice with the Universe?" The natural width of excited hydrogen
atoms are found using the Bohr's model of this atom and de Broglie's ideas. The
mean life time of the excited states is a characteristic only of a statistical
ensemble of many atoms.


title:
Odor recognition and segmentation by coupled olfactory bulb and cortical
  networks

abstract:
  We present a model of a coupled system of the olfactory bulb and cortex. Odor
inputs to the epithelium are transformed to oscillatory bulbar activities. The
cortex recognizes the odor by resonating to the bulbar oscillating pattern when
the amplitude and phase patterns from the bulb match an odor memory stored in
the intracortical synapses. We assume a cortical structure which transforms the
odor information in the oscillatory pattern to a slow DC feedback signal to the
bulb. This feedback suppresses the bulbar response to the pre-existing odor,
allowing subsequent odor objects to be segmented out for recognition.


title: Collisions of cold magnesium atoms in a weak laser field

abstract:
  We use quantum scattering methods to calculate the light-induced collisional
loss of laser-cooled and trapped magnesium atoms for detunings up to 30 atomic
linewidths to the red of the 1S_0-1P_1 cooling transition. Magnesium has no
hyperfine structure to complicate the theoretical studies. We evaluate both the
radiative and nonradiative mechanisms of trap loss. The radiative escape
mechanism via allowed 1Sigma_u excitation is dominant for more than about one
atomic linewidth detuning. Molecular vibrational structure due to
photoassociative transitions to bound states begins to appear beyond about ten
linewidths detuning.


title:
A definitive heat of vaporization of silicon through benchmark ab initio
  calculations on SiF_4

abstract:
  In order to resolve a significant uncertainty in the heat of vaporization of
silicon -- a fundamental parameter in gas-phase thermochemistry -- $\Delta
H^\circ_{f,0}$[Si(g)] has been determined from a thermochemical cycle involving
the precisely known experimental heats of formation of SiF_4(g) and F(g) and a
benchmark calculation of the total atomization energy (TAE_0) of SiF_4 using
coupled-cluster methods. Basis sets up to $[8s7p6d4f2g1h]$ on Si and
$[7s6p5d4f3g2h]$ on F have been employed, and extrapolations for residual basis
set incompleteness applied. The contributions of inner-shell correlation (-0.08
kcal/mol), scalar relativistic effects (-1.88 kcal/mol), atomic spin-orbit
splitting (-1.97 kcal/mol), and anharmonicity in the zero-point energy (+0.04
kcal/mol) have all been explicitly accounted for. Our benchmark TAE_0=565.89
\pm 0.22 kcal/mol leads to $\Delta H^\circ_{f,0}$[Si(g)]=107.15 \pm 0.38
kcal/mol ($\Delta H^\circ_{f,298}$[Si(g)]=108.19 \pm 0.38 kcal/mol): between
the JANAF/CODATA value of 106.5 \pm 1.9 kcal/mol and the revised value proposed
by Grev and Schaefer [J. Chem. Phys. 97, 8389 (1992}], 108.1 \pm 0.5 kcal/mol.
The revision will be relevant for future computational studies on heats of
formation of silicon compounds.


title:
QuasiCerenkov Radiation of Relativistic Electrons in Crystals in the
  Presence of External Excitations

abstract:
  The paper is devoted to the study of the influence of crystalline lattice
distortions due to external excitations (acoustic vibrations, temperature
gradient, etc.) on the Quasicerenkov radiation. Equations describing
Quasicerenkov radiation of charged particles in distorted crystals are derived.
These equations are solved numerically. It is shown that certain types of
lattice deformations may intensify the Quasicerenkov radiation by several
times.


title:
Automatic Parameterization of Force Fields for Liquids by Simplex
  Optimization

abstract:
  We demonstrate an automatic method of force field development for molecular
simulations. Parameter tuning is taken as an optimization problem in many
dimensions. The parameters are automatically adapted to reproduce known
experimental data such as the density and the heat of vaporization. Our method
is more systematic than guessing parameters and, at the same time saves human
labour in parameterization. It was successfully applied to several molecular
liquids: As a test, force fields for 2-methylpentane, tetrahydrofurane,
cyclohexene and cyclohexane were developed.


title: Eigenstates for billiards of arbitrary shapes

abstract:
  A new algorithm for determining the eigenstates of n-dimensional billiards is
presented. It is based on the application of the Cauchy theorem for the
determination of the null space of the boundary overlap matrix. The method is
free from the limitations associated with the shape of the billiard and could
be applied even for nonconvex geometries where other algorithms face
difficulties. Moreover it does not suffer from the existence of eigenvalue
degeneracies which is another serious shortcoming of many methods. In the paper
we apply the algorithm to a few simple cases where the analytical solutions
exist. Numerical solutions have been investigated for the case of annular
billiard.

categories: physics.comp-ph chao-dyn cond-mat nlin.CD


title:
Cold inelastic collisions between lithium and cesium in a two-species
  magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  We investigate collisional properties of lithium and cesium which are
simultaneously confined in a combined magneto-optical trap. Trap-loss
collisions between the two species are comprehensively studied. Different
inelastic collision channels are identified, and inter-species rate
coefficients as well as cross sections are determined. It is found that loss
rates are independent of the optical excitation of Li, as a consequence of the
repulsive Li$^*$-Cs interaction. Li and Cs loss by inelastic inter-species
collisions can completely be attributed to processes involving optically
excited cesium (fine-structure changing collisions and radiative escape). By
lowering the trap depth for Li, an additional loss channel of Li is observed
which results from ground-state Li-Cs collisions changing the hyperfine state
of cesium.


title: The helium atom in a strong magnetic field

abstract:
  We investigate the electronic structure of the helium atom in a magnetic
field b etween B=0 and B=100a.u. The atom is treated as a nonrelativistic
system with two interactin g electrons and a fixed nucleus. Scaling laws are
provided connecting the fixed-nucleus Hamiltonia n to the one for the case of
finite nuclear mass. Respecting the symmetries of the electronic Ham iltonian
in the presence of a magnetic field, we represent this Hamiltonian as a matrix
with res pect to a two-particle basis composed of one-particle states of a
Gaussian basis set. The corresponding generalized eigenvalue problem is solved
numerically, providing in the present paper results for vanish ing magnetic
quantum number M=0 and even or odd z-parity, each for both singlet and triplet
spin symmetry. Total electronic energies of the ground state and the first few
excitations in each su bspace as well as their one-electron ionization energies
are presented as a function of the magnetic fie ld, and their behaviour is
discussed. Energy values for electromagnetic transitions within the M=0 sub
space are shown, and a complete table of wavelengths at all the detected
stationary points with respect to their field dependence is given, thereby
providing a basis for a comparison with observed ab sorption spectra of
magnetic white dwarfs.


title:
Exchange and correlation energies of ground states of atoms and
  molecules in strong magnetic fields

abstract:
  Using a Hartree-Fock mesh method and a configuration interaction approach
based on a generalized Gaussian basis set we investigate the behaviour of the
exchange and correlation energies of small atoms and molecules, namely th e
helium and lithium atom as well as the hydrogen molecule, in the presence of a
magnetic field covering the regime B=0-100a.u. In general the importance of the
exchange energy to the binding properties of at oms or molecules increases
strongly with increasing field strength. This is due to the spin-flip
transitions and in particular due to the contributions of the tightly bound
hydrogenic state s which are involved in the corresponding ground states of
different symmetries. In contrast to the exchange energy the correlation energy
becomes less relevant with increasing field strength. This holds for the
individual configurations constituting the ground state and for the crossovers
of the global ground state.


title:
Statistical properties of spike trains: universal and stimulus-dependent
  aspects

abstract:
  Statistical properties of spike trains measured from a sensory neuron in-vivo
are studied experimentally and theoretically. Experiments are performed on an
identified neuron in the visual system of the blowfly. It is shown that the
spike trains exhibit universal behavior over short time, modulated by a
stimulus-dependent envelope over long time. A model of the neuron as a
nonlinear oscillator driven by noise and an external stimulus, is suggested to
account for these results. The model enables a theoretic distinction of the
effects of internal neuronal properties from effects of external stimulus
properties, and their identification in the measured spike trains. The
universal regime is characterized by one dimensionless parameter, representing
the internal degree of irregularity, which is determined both by the
sensitivity of the neuron and by the properties of the noise. The envelope is
related in a simple way to properties of the input stimulus as seen through
nonlinearity of the neural response. Explicit formulas are derived for
different statistical properties in both the universal and the
stimulus-dependent regimes. These formulas are in very good agreement with the
data in both regimes.


title:
Variational Approach in Wavelet Framework to Polynomial Approximations
  of Nonlinear Accelerator Problems

abstract:
  In this paper we present applications of methods from wavelet analysis to
polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator physics problems.
According to variational approach in the general case we have the solution as a
multiresolution (multiscales) expansion in the base of compactly supported
wavelet basis. We give extension of our results to the cases of periodic
orbital particle motion and arbitrary variable coefficients. Then we consider
more flexible variational method which is based on biorthogonal wavelet
approach. Also we consider different variational approach, which is applied to
each scale.

categories: physics.acc-ph chao-dyn math-ph math.MP nlin.CD physics.comp-ph


title: Symmetry, Hamiltonian Problems and Wavelets in Accelerator Physics

abstract:
  In this paper we consider applications of methods from wavelet analysis to
nonlinear dynamical problems related to accelerator physics. In our approach we
take into account underlying algebraical, geometrical and topological
structures of corresponding problems.


title: Long range correlations and relativity: metatheoretic considerations

abstract:
  Action-at-a-distance is a generic property of physical theories. As such, it
is not a fruitful idea in theory building. Its absence confers a rigidity on a
theory which we exemplify through analysis of long-range correlations of the
EPR-type in relativistic theories. Rigidity is desirable for fundamental
theories, and theory building should focus on structurally unstable properties,
making action-at-a-distance a side issue. Though apparent superluminal effects
seem to be present in many present-day physical theories, we maintain that they
are not a basis for action-at-a-distance.


title: On the Darwin Lagrangian

abstract:
  In this paper we explore some surprising consequences of the retardation
effects of Maxwell's electrodynamics to a system of charged particles. The
specific cases of three interacting particles are considered in the framework
of classical electrodynamics. We show that the solutions of the equations of
motion defined by the Darvin Lagrangian in some cases contradict to common
sense.


title: A Brief Summary of Electromagnetic Quantum Gravity

abstract:
  We briefly review the current status of a new quantum gravity theory called
Electro-Magnetic Quantum Gravity. EMQG is manifestly compatible with Cellular
Automata (CA) theory, and is based on a new theory of inertia proposed by R.
Haisch, A. Rueda, and H. Puthoff. Newtonian Inertia is due to the strictly
local, electrical force interactions of matter particles (consisting of real
electrically charged fermions) with the surrounding, electrically charged,
virtual fermion particles of the quantum vacuum. The force originates from each
charged fermion particle of the mass undergoing relative acceleration with the
the quantum vacuum particles. The sum of all these tiny electrical forces
originating from each electrically charged particle in the mass is the source
of the total inertial force of a mass, which is the force that opposes
accelerated motion in Newton's famous inertia law 'F = MA'. Gravity also
involves the same 'inertial' electrical force component that exists for
inertial mass described above. The Weak Equivalence Principle turns out to be a
physical phenomenon, originating from common 'lower level' quantum processes in
both gravitational and inertial mass. The magnitude of the gravitational mass
of a test mass on the earth results from the same quantity of electrical force
interactions as in inertia, but on the earth it is the virtual fermions of the
quantum vacuum that are actually accelerating downward (on a statistical
average basis) with respect to the test mass.


title: Symbols and synergy in a neural code

abstract:
  Understanding a neural code requires knowledge both of the elementary symbols
that transmit information and of the algorithm for translating these symbols
into sensory signals or motor actions. We show that these questions can be
separated: the information carried by any candidate symbol in the code--- a
pattern of spikes across time or across a population of cells---can be
measured, independent of assumptions about what these patterns might represent.
By comparing the information carried by a compound pattern with the information
carried independently by its parts, we measure directly the synergy among these
parts. We illustrate the use of these methods by applying them to experiments
on the motion sensitive neuron H1 of the fly's visual system, where we confirm
that two spikes close together in time carry far more than twice the
information carried by a single spike. We analyze the sources of this synergy,
and provide evidence that pairs of spikes close together in time may be special
symbols in the code of H1.


title: An Algorithm for Calculating the Spin Tune in Circular Accelerators

abstract:
  A new algorithm for calculating the spin tune and the n-axis for circular
accelerators is presented. The method resembles the one employed in the
existing program code SODOM in that one-turn numerical spin maps at equally
spaced orbit angle variables are used but it is more efficient than the latter.
Furthermore, it is applicable at large openning angles of the n-axis, whereas
the existing SODOM only converges for small angles.


title: Darwinian Aspects of Molecular Evolution at Sublinear Propagation Rates

abstract:
  The symmetric distribution and all other states in the symmetry sector of the
frequency trajectory increase mean fitness during competitive replication at
sublinear propagation rates (parabolic time course). States in the non-symmetry
sector, by contrast, produce negative time variations in mean fitness. The
polymorphic steady state attained in sublinear systems is destabilised by
formation of a variant with above threshold fitness. Evolution in the
post-steady state interval increases threshold fitness. Contrary to the
proposition that 'parabolic growth invariably results in the survival of all
competing species,' only species with sufficient fitness to avoid subthreshold
frequencies survive.


title: The Coulomb Green's Function in Two Dimensions

abstract:
  We consider the two-dimensional non-relativistic Coulomb problem with the aid
of the momentum space construction of the associated Green's function. Our
presentation has precursors in three dimensions. It is mainly Schwinger's
approach which we advocate and project onto two dimensions.


title: The Two Fluid Drop Snap-off Problem: Experiments and Theory

abstract:
  We address the dynamics of a drop with viscosity $\lambda \eta$ breaking up
inside another fluid of viscosity $\eta$. For $\lambda=1$, a scaling theory
predicts the time evolution of the drop shape near the point of snap-off which
is in excellent agreement with experiment and previous simulations of Lister
and Stone. We also investigate the $\lambda$ dependence of the shape and
breaking rate.


title: Optical dipole traps for neutral atoms

abstract:
  The subject of this review are atom traps based on optical dipole forces in
laser fields, along with their unique features as storage devices at ultralow
energies. The basic physics of the dipole interaction is discussed, and the
experimental background of dipole trapping experiments is explained. Specific
trapping schemes and experiments are presented, where the wide range of
applications of dipole traps is explored considering particular examples.

categories: physics.atom-ph cond-mat physics.gen-ph physics.optics quant-ph


title:
Quantum Field Theoretic Derivation of the Einstein Weak Equivalence
  Principle Using Emqg Theory

abstract:
  We provide a quantum field theoretic derivation of Einstein's Weak
Equivalence Principle of general relativity using a new quantum gravity theory
proposed by the authors called Electro-Magnetic Quantum Gravity or EMQG (ref.
1). EMQG is based on a new theory of inertia (ref. 5) proposed by R. Haisch, A.
Rueda, and H. Puthoff (which we modified and called Quantum Inertia). Quantum
Inertia states that classical Newtonian Inertia is a property of matter due to
the strictly local electrical force interactions of each of the (electrically
charged) elementary particles of the mass (masseon particles) with the
surrounding (electrically charged) virtual particles (virtual masseons) of the
quantum vacuum. The sum of all the tiny electrical forces (photon exchanges
with the vacuum particles) that originate in each charged elementary particle
of the accelerated mass is the source of the total inertial force of a mass
which opposes accelerated motion in Newton's law 'F = MA'. We invoked
Einstein's principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass to
understand the origin of gravitational mass from the perspective of quantum
inertia. We found that gravity also involves the same 'inertial' electrical
force component that exists in inertial mass. We propose that Einstein's
general relativistic Weak Equivalence Principle originates from common 'lower
level' quantum vacuum processes occurring in both gravitational mass and
inertial mass in accordance with the principles of quantum field theory.


title:
Implications of non-feasible transformations among icosahedral $h$
  orbitals

abstract:
  The symmetric group $S_6$ that permutes the six five-fold axes of an
icosahedron is introduced to go beyond the simple rotations that constitute the
icosahedral group $I$. Owing to the correspondence $h\leftrightarrow d$, the
calculation of the Coulomb energies for the icosahedral configurations $h^N$
based on the sequence $O(5) \supset S_6 \supset S_5 \supset I$ can be brought
to bear on Racah's classic theory for the atomic d shell based on $SO(5)
\supset SO_L(3) \supset I$. Among the elements of $S_6$ is the kaleidoscope
operator ${\cal K}$ that rotates the weight space of SO(5) by $\pi/2$. Its use
explains some puzzling degeneracies in d^3 involving the spectroscopic terms
^2P, ^2F, ^2G and ^2H.


title:
Electronic Structure of a Chemisorbed Layer at Electrochemical
  Interface: Copper Layer on Gold Electrode

abstract:
  An appropriate model Hamiltonian based formalism is proposed for a random
adsorbate layer with arbitrary coverage and the ensuing two-dimensional band
formation by metallic adsorbates in the monolayer regime. The coherent
potential approximation is employed to handle the randomness. The adsorbate
self-energy is evaluated explicitly using the density of states for the
substrate band. This takes us beyond the conventional wide-band approximation
and removes the logarithmic divergence associated with the binding energy
calculations. The formalism is applied to the electrosorption of copper ion on
gold electrode, and the coverage dependence of adsorbate charge, binding
energy, and adsorbate density of states are determined. The analysis predicts a
unique charge configuration of copper adsorbate, having a net positive charge,
in the high-coverage regime, and multiple charge states when the coverage is
low. Though one of the charge configurations of copper is nearly neutral at
small coverage, its positive charge state is the most stable in the entire
coverage range. The transition from the relative neutral state of copper at low
coverage to a positive charge configuration occurs sharply at the
intermediate-coverage region. This transition is caused due to the progressive
desolvation of copper adion with increasing coverage. The energy calculations
show that copper s-orbital bonding contributes maximally toward the binding
energy at the metal-vacuum interface, whereas it is the copper d-orbital
bonding which makes chemisorption feasible at the gold electrode. Finally, our
numerical results are compared with the relevant experimental studies.


title:
Considerations on the Diffraction Limitations to the Spatial Resolution
  of Optical Transition Radiation

abstract:
  The interest in using optical transition radiation (OTR) in high energy
(multiGeV) beam diagnostics has motivated theoretical and experimental
investigations on the limitations brought by diffraction on the attainable
resolution. This paper presents calculations of the diffraction effects in an
optical set-up using OTR. The OTR diffraction pattern in a telescopic system is
calculated taking into account the radial polarization of OTR. The obtained
diffraction pattern is compared to the patterns obtained by other authors and
the effects of different parameters on the shape and on the size of the OTR
diffraction pattern are studied. The major role played by the radial
polarization on the shape of the diffraction pattern is outlined. An
alternative method to calculate the OTR diffraction pattern is also sketched


title:
E1 amplitudes, lifetimes, and polarizabilities of the low-lying levels
  of atomic ytterbium

abstract:
  The results of ab initio calculation of E1 amplitudes, lifetimes,and
polarizabilities for several low-lying levels of ytterbium are reported. The
effective Hamiltonian for the valence electrons has been constructed in the
frame of CI+MBPT method and solutions of many electron equation are found.


title:
Surface and internal scattering in microspheres: limits imposed on the
  Q-factor and mode splitting

abstract:
  Accurate calculation of internal and surface scattering losses in fused
silica microspheres is done. We show that in microspheres internal scattering
is partly inhibited as compared to losses in the bulk material. We pay
attention on the effect of frozen thermodynamical capillary waves on surface
roughness. We calculate also the value of mode splitting due to backscattering
and other effects of this backscattering.


title:
Two-Electron Effects in the Multiphoton Ionization of Magnesium with 400
  nm 150 fs Pulses

abstract:
  The multiphoton ionization and photoelectron spectra of magnesium were
studied at laser intensities of up to 6x10^{13} Wcm^{-2} using 150 fs laser
pulses of a wavelength of 400 nm. The results indicated that a variety of
different ionization mechanisms played a role in both types of spectra. A
theoretical model describing the processes is presented and the routes to
ionization are identified. The work demonstrates the significance of the
two-electron nature of the atom in interpreting the experimental results.


title:
Relativistic Quantum States of an Electron with Anomalous Magnetic
  Moment in an Electromagnetic Wave Field and a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

abstract:
  The exact solution of the Dirac equation and the spectrum of electron
quasi-energies in a superposition of the field of a circularly polarized
electromagnetic wave and a homogeneous magnetic field parallel to the direction
of wave propagation, are found taking into account the anomalous magnetic
moment. It is found that taking account of the anomalous magnetic moment
removes the spin degeneracy and that for intense fields the levels change
radically. The shift of the radiation frequency due to the intensity of the
wave field is found. This shift can be considerable.


title:
A Stochastic Tunneling Approach for Global Minimization of Complex
  Potential Energy Landscapes

abstract:
  We investigate a novel stochastic technique for the global optimization of
complex potential energy surfaces (PES) that avoids the freezing problem of
simulated annealing by allowing the dynamical process to tunnel energetically
inaccessible regions of the PES by way of a dynamically adjusted nonlinear
transformation of the original PES. We demonstrate the success of this
approach, which is characterized by a single adjustable parameter, for three
generic hard minimization problems.


title:
Symplectic algorithm for constant-pressure molecular dynamics using a
  Nose-Poincare thermostat

abstract:
  We present a new algorithm for isothermal-isobaric molecular-dynamics
simulation. The method uses an extended Hamiltonian with an Andersen piston
combined with the Nos'e-Poincar'e thermostat, recently developed by Bond,
Leimkuhler and Laird [J. Comp. Phys., 151, (1999)]. This
Nos'e-Poincar'e-Andersen (NPA) formulation has advantages over the
Nos'e-Hoover-Andersen approach in that the NPA is Hamiltonian and can take
advantage of symplectic integration schemes, which lead to enhanced stability
for long-time simulations. The equations of motion are integrated using a
Generalized Leapfrog Algorithm and the method is easy to implement, symplectic,
explicit and time reversible. To demonstrate the stability of the method we
show results for test simulations using a model for aluminum.


title: Concepts of Space, Time, and Consciousness in Ancient India

abstract:
  This paper describes Indian ideas of the early-Purana/Mahabharata times
(centuries BC) on the nature of space, time and consciousness that would be of
interest to the physicist. In order to simplify references, we quote mainly
from Yoga-Vasistha (YV), which is representative of that period of Indian
thought. YV professes to be a book of instruction on the nature of
consciousness but it has many fascinating passages on time, space, matter and
cognition. This paper presents a random selection that has parallels with
recent speculations in physics. It also presents a brief account of the context
in which ideas of YV developed.


title:
Which Physics Laws are Deduced from the Logic Properties of the
  Information?

abstract:
  The relativity theory principles and the quants theory principles are deduced
from logic properties of the information, obtained from a physics device.


title:
Effect of shape anisotropy on transport in a 2-dimensional computational
  model: Numerical simulations showing experimental features observed in
  biomembranes

abstract:
  We propose a 2-d computational model-system comprising a mixture of spheres
and the objects of some other shapes, interacting via the Lennard-Jones
potential. We propose a reliable and efficient numerical algorithm to obtain
void statistics. The void distribution, in turn, determines the selective
permeability across the system and bears a remarkable similarity with features
reported in certain biological experiments.


title:
GIST: A tool for Global Ionospheric Tomography using GPS ground and LEO
  d ata and sources of opportunity with applications in instrument calibration

abstract:
  Ionospheric tomography using GPS data has been reported in the literature and
even the application to radar altimeter calibration was succesfully carried out
in a recent work. We here present a new software tool, called Global
Ionospheric Stochastic Tomography software (GIST), and its powerful capability
for ingesting GPS data from different sources (ground stations, receivers on
board LEO for navigation and occultation purposes) and other data such as
altimetry data to yield global maps with dense coverage and inherent
calibration of the instruments. We show results obtained including 106 IGS
ground stations, GPS/MET low rate occultation data, TOPEX/POSEIDON GPS data
from the navigation antenna and NASA Radar Altimeter with the additional
benefit of a direct estimation of the NRA bias. The possibility of ingesting
different kinds of ionospheric data into the tomographic model suggest a way to
accurately monitor the ionosphere with direct application to single frequency
instrument calibration.


title: Unified Expressions Of All Differential Variational Principles

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn by the authors because the paper is largely
revised and improved, and to appear in Mechanics Research Communications.


title: Unified Expressions Of All Integral Variational Principles

abstract:
  In terms of the quantitative causal principle, this paper obtains a general
variational principle, gives unified expressions of the general, Hamilton,
Voss, H\"{o}lder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles of integral style,
the invariant quantities of the general, Voss, H\"{o}lder, Maupertuis-Lagrange
variational principles are given, finally the Noether conservation charges of
the general, Voss, H\"{o}lder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles are
deduced, and the intrinsic relations among the invariant quantities and the
Noether conservation charges of the all integral variational principles are
achieved.


title: Two-photon detachment of electrons from halogen negative ions

abstract:
  Absolute two-photon detachment cross sections and photoelectron angular
distribution are calculated for halogen negative ions within lowest-order
perturbation theory. The Dyson equation method is used to obtain the outer np
ground-state wave functions with proper asymptotic behavior exp (-k r),
corresponding to correct (experimental) binding energies E=k^2/2. The latter is
crucial for obtaining correct absolute values of the multiphoton cross sections
(Gribakin and Kuchiev 1997 Phys. Rev.A55 3760). Comparisons with previous
calculations and experimental data are performed.


title: Coalescence of Liquid Drops

abstract:
  When two drops of radius $R$ touch, surface tension drives an initially
singular motion which joins them into a bigger drop with smaller surface area.
This motion is always viscously dominated at early times. We focus on the
early-time behavior of the radius $\rmn$ of the small bridge between the two
drops. The flow is driven by a highly curved meniscus of length $2\pi \rmn$ and
width $\Delta\ll\rmn$ around the bridge, from which we conclude that the
leading-order problem is asymptotically equivalent to its two-dimensional
counterpart. An exact two-dimensional solution for the case of inviscid
surroundings [Hopper, J. Fluid Mech. ${\bf 213}$, 349 (1990)] shows that
$\Delta \propto \rmn^3$ and $\rmn \sim (t\gamma/\pi\eta)\ln [t\gamma/(\eta
R)]$; and thus the same is true in three dimensions. The case of coalescence
with an external viscous fluid is also studied in detail both analytically and
numerically. A significantly different structure is found in which the outer
fluid forms a toroidal bubble of radius $\Delta \propto \rmn^{3/2}$ at the
meniscus and $\rmn \sim (t\gamma/4\pi\eta) \ln [t\gamma/(\eta R)]$. This basic
difference is due to the presence of the outer fluid viscosity, however small.
With lengths scaled by $R$ a full description of the asymptotic flow for
$\rmn(t)\ll1$ involves matching of lengthscales of order $\rmn^2, \rmn^{3/2}$,
\rmn$, 1 and probably $\rmn^{7/4}$.


title:
Operational approach in the weak-field measurement of polarization
  fluctuations

abstract:
  The operational approach to the measurement of phase studied by Noh, Fougeres
and Mandel is applied to the measurement of the state of polarization of fully
polarized light. Operational counterparts of the quantum Stokes parameters are
introduced and their fluctuations are examined. It is shown that if the
polarized field is weak, the measured fluctuations are influenced not only by
the quantum properties of the source field but also that of the measurement.
This character is reflected on the measured probability distributions of the
parameters of polarization, which are also investigated independently for the
fully polarized coherent states and the Fock states as the initial field
strength is varied. Finally, connection between the operational approach to the
measurement of polarization and the su(2) interferometry is examined.


title: Comments on Superluminal Photon Tunneling

abstract:
  Various expressions for transit times in frustrated total internal reflection
are analysed. The incompatibility of evanescent-wave propagation with Einstein
causality is established.


title:
Talbot Oscillations and Periodic Focusing in a One-Dimensional
  Condensate

abstract:
  An exact theory for the density of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate
with hard core particle interactions is developed in second quantization and
applied to the scattering of the condensate by a spatially periodic impulse
potential. The boson problem is mapped onto a system of free fermions obeying
the Pauli exclusion principle to facilitate the calculation. The density
exhibits a spatial focusing of the probability density as well as a periodic
self-imaging in time, or Talbot effect. Furthermore, the transition from single
particle to many body effects can be measured by observing the decay of the
modulated condensate density pattern in time. The connection of these results
to classical and atom optical phase gratings is made explicit.


title: Universality of the Hohenberg-Kohn functional

abstract:
  We comment on a recent article by H. L. Neal [Am. J. Phys. 66, 512 (1998)],
in which an analytic expression for the Hohenberg-Kohn functional was derived
for one-dimensional two-particle systems with the harmonic interaction. We
argue that the functional given by Neal is not exact but really constitutes an
approximation in the same spirit as the local-density approximation.


title:
A simple formula for the L-gap width of a face-centered-cubic photonic
  crystal

abstract:
  The width $\triangle_L$ of the first Bragg's scattering peak in the (111)
direction of a face-centered-cubic lattice of air spheres can be well
approximated by a simple formula which only involves the volume averaged
$\epsilon$ and $\epsilon^2$ over the lattice unit cell, $\epsilon$ being the
(position dependent) dielectric constant of the medium, and the effective
dielectric constant $\epsilon_{eff}$ in the long-wavelength limit approximated
by Maxwell-Garnett's formula. Apparently, our formula describes the asymptotic
behaviour of the absolute gap width $\triangle_L$ for high dielectric contrast
$\delta$ exactly. The standard deviation $\sigma$ steadily decreases well below
1% as $\delta$ increases. For example $\sigma< 0.1%$ for the sphere filling
fraction $f=0.2$ and $\delta\geq 20$. On the interval $\delta\in(1,100)$, our
formula still approximates the absolute gap width $\triangle_L$ (the relative
gap width $\triangle_L^r$) with a reasonable precision, namely with a standard
deviation 3% (4.2%) for low filling fractions up to 6.5% (8%) for the
close-packed case. Differences between the case of air spheres in a dielectric
and dielectric spheres in air are briefly discussed.

categories: physics.class-ph cond-mat math-ph math.MP physics.optics


title:
The Road to Stueckelberg's Covariant Perturbation Theory as Illustrated
  by Successive Treatments of Compton Scattering

abstract:
  We review the history of the road to a manifestly covariant perturbative
calculus within quantum electrodynamics from the early semi-classical results
of the mid-twenties to the complete formalism of Stueckelberg in 1934. We chose
as our case study the calculation of the cross-section of the Compton effect.
We analyse Stueckelberg's paper extensively. This is our first contribution to
a study of his fundamental contributions to the theoretical physics of
twentieth century.


title: Adaptive walks on time-dependent fitness landscapes

abstract:
  The idea of adaptive walks on fitness landscapes as a means of studying
evolutionary processes on large time scales is extended to fitness landscapes
that are slowly changing over time. The influence of ruggedness and of the
amount of static fitness contributions are investigated for model landscapes
derived from Kauffman's $NK$ landscapes. Depending on the amount of static
fitness contributions in the landscape, the evolutionary dynamics can be
divided into a percolating and a non-percolating phase. In the percolating
phase, the walker performs a random walk over the regions of the landscape with
high fitness.

categories: physics.bio-ph adap-org nlin.AO q-bio.PE


title:
A Simple Physical Interpretation of the Lense-Thirring Effect Based on
  Emqg Theory

abstract:
  We use ElectroMagnetic Quantum Gravity (EMQG) to provide a simple physical
model of the Lense-Thirring effect on the earth. The Lense-Thirring effect is a
tiny perturbation of the motion of a free-falling particle near a massive
rotating object, first calculated by the physicists J. Lense and H. Thirring in
1918 using general relativity. The Lense-Thirring effect can also be thought of
as the 'dragging of inertial frames', as first named by Einstein himself. The
amount of frame dragging varies with height above the spinning earth.
Einstein's general relativity predicts the value of this effect near the earth,
but the effect has not yet been accurately verified experimentally. However,
recent work using the LAGEOS series, earth orbiting satellites has rendered an
unconfirmed experimental value that agrees with theory to an accuracy of about
20 %. Our physical model is based on the disturbance of the electrically
charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum in a state of free-fall near a
massive spinning object. We calculate the Lense-Thirring effect on the earth's
surface using this model that is in good agreement with the value derived from
general relativity.


title: The Effect of Neutral Atoms on Capillary Discharge Z-pinch

abstract:
  We study the effect of neutral atoms on the dynamics of a capillary discharge
Z-pinch, in a regime for which a large soft-x-ray amplification has been
demonstrated. We extended the commonly used one-fluid magneto-hydrodynamics
(MHD) model by separating out the neutral atoms as a second fluid. Numerical
calculations using this extended model yield new predictions for the dynamics
of the pinch collapse, and better agreement with known measured data.


title: Matter and Space with Torsion

abstract:
  General equations of the unified field theory, based on the curved and
torsional space-time, are presented. They contain only independent geometrical
parameters (metric and connections) of metric-affine space, and describe the
distribution and motion of matter, which represents the curvature and torsion
of the space-time. Equations, describing spherically symmetric fields, are
derived for various cases: a gravitational field in vacuum and arbitrary
material field. Equations with and without cosmological terms, are derived for
the closed and open uniform isotropic models of the Universe for the
gravitational field in vacuum and arbitrary material field. The respective
solutions without singularities were obtained for all these cases. It is shown
that there is no necessity to quantize the obtained general equations.


abstract:
  Decay laws for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence are obtained
from high-resolution numerical simulations using up to 512^3 modes....


title: Definition of Nonequilibrium Entropy of General Systems

abstract:
  The definition of nonequilibrium entropy is provided for the general
nonequilibrium processes by connecting thermodynamics with statistical physics,
and the principle of entropy increment in the nonequilibrium processes is also
proved in the paper. The result shows that the definition of nonequilibrium
entropy is not unique.


title:
Transformation Relation of Two Descriptive Systems between Quantum
  Mechanics and Classical Statistical Mechanics and Dynamic Foundation of
  Classical Statistical Physics

abstract:
  Based on the concept of ensemble, it is proved in the manuscript that the
probability amplitude function can also been used to describe the classical
statistical system. The motion equations of probability amplitude functions of
classical statistical system are obtained, which are similar to that in quantum
mechanics. It is also proved in the meantime that microsystems that obey
quantum mechanics can also be described in the forms of classical statistical
mechanics and deterministic classical mechanics. The quantum revised formula of
classical interaction force and the revised Liouville's equations are also
obtained. In this way, the transformation of two descriptive forms between
classical mechanics and quantum mechanics is achieved. A new and rational
interpretation about quantum mechanics, including the meaning of wave function,
the potential barrier penetration of microparticles, the Uncertainty relation,
the wave-particle duality, the essence of spin and the Bell's inequality and so
on, is provided in the paper. Based on the transformation, two fundamental
hypotheses are put forward as the basic postulates of classical statistical
physics. The equal probability hypothesis in the equilibrium states is given
up. The united description of nonequilibrium state mechanics and equilibrium
state statistical mechanics is reached, and the so-called reversibility paradox
can also be eliminated.


title: Monitoring the Stability of the ALEPH Vertex Detector

abstract:
  The ALEPH Silicon Vertex Detector features an optical fibre laser system to
monitor its mechanical stability. The operating principle and the general
performance of the laser system are described. The experience obtained during
1997 and 1998 operations confirms the important role that such a system can
have with respect to the detector alignment requirements. In particular, the
laser system has been used to monitor short-term temperature-related effects
and long-term movements. These results and a description of the laser-based
alignment correction applied to the 1998 data are presented.


title:
Hamiltonian Methods for the Study of Polarized Proton Beam Dynamics in
  Accelerators and Storage Rings

abstract:
  The equations of classical spin-orbit motion can be extended to a Hamiltonian
system in 9-dimensional phase space by introducing a coupled spin-orbit Poisson
bracket and a Hamiltonian function. After this extension and by establishing
connections between initial and extended systems it becomes possible to apply
the methods of the theory of Hamiltonian systems to the study of polarized
particle beam dynamics in circular accelerators and storage rings. Some of
those methods have been implemented in the computer code FORGET-ME-NOT.


title: Notes on Brownian motion and related phenomena

abstract:
  In this article we explore the phenomena of nonequilibrium stochastic process
starting from the phenomenological Brownian motion. The essential points are
described in terms of Einstein's theory of Brownian motion and then the theory
extended to Langevin and Fokker-Planck formalism. Then the theory is applied to
barrier crossing dynamics, popularly known as Kramers' theory of activated rate
processes. The various regimes are discussed extensively and Smoluchowski
equation is derived as a special case. Then we discuss some of the aspects of
Master equation and two of its applications.


title: The Touschek Effect in Strong Focusing Storage Rings

abstract:
  The lifetime of a stored beam due to the Touschek effect is calculated for
arbitrary ratios of beam height to beam width. A variation of the beam
envelopes is taken into account, i.e. the derivatives of the horizontal and
vertical amplitude functions and dispersions are included. The calculation is
done for arbitrary energies in the rest frame of the colliding particles.


title: Gravitational Mass, Its Mechanics - What It Is; How It Operates

abstract:
  The earlier paper, Inertial Mass, Its Mechanics - What It Is; How It
Operates, developed the mechanics of inertial mass. The present paper is for
the purpose of equivalently developing gravitation.
  The behavior of gravitation is well known, as described by Newton's Law of
Gravitation. But just what gravitational mass is, how gravitational behavior
comes about, what in material reality produces the effects of gravitational
mass, has been little understood. The only extant hypotheses involve the
unsuccessful efforts to develop "quantum gravitation" and to tie it into the
rest of quantum mechanics, and the equally failed attempts to detect
"gravitons" and "gravitational waves" in spite of very substantial efforts.
  From a starting point of only the limitation on the speed of light, the
necessity of conservation, and the impossibility of an infinity in material
reality, the present paper presents a new and comprehensive analysis of the
phenomenon gravitational mass:
  - how it appears in particles,
  - how the Newtonian gravitational behavior arises from that, and
  - how the values of inertial mass and gravitational mass are identical, or,
in other words, the mechanics of gravitational mass and gravitation.


title: Irregular orbits generate higher harmonics

abstract:
  The spectrum of higher harmonics in atoms calculated with a uniformized
semiclassical propagator is presented and it is shown that higher harmonic
generation is an interference phenomenon which can be described
semiclassically. This can be concluded from the good agreement with the quantum
spectrum. Moreover, the formation of a plateau in the spectrum is specifically
due to the interference of irregular, time delayed, trajectories with regular
orbits without a time-delay. This is proven by the absence of the plateau in an
artificial semiclassical spectrum generated from a sample of trajectories from
which the irregular trajectories (only a few percent) have been discarded.


title:
Does God Play Dice with Universe: The Hydrogen Atomic Model of Bohr and
  de Broglie:

abstract:
  In this paper it is shown that if one accept assumption of de Broglie that
"unitary wave-particle" exists simultaneously and this coexistence is real,
then one can find the mean life time of the hydrogen atom of Bohr
(intensities). Something more, the acceptance of de Broglie's ideas show that a
single excited hydrogen atom decays at exactly predictable moment (after
excitation). The natural width of excited hydrogen atoms are found using the
Bohr's model of this atom and de Broglie's ideas. The mean life time of the
excited states is a characteristic only of a statistical ensemble of many atoms
and coincide exactly with experimental data and can be used for analytical
applications. It is shown also that resonant Mossbauer absorption in time
domain provides a qualitative evidence of the existence of "own lifetime" for
first excited states of the nuclei.


title: The Wondrous Design and Non-random Character of "Chance" Events

abstract:
  In this article, it is shown specifically that natural system chance events
as represented by theory predicted (a priori) probabilistic statements used in
such realms as modern particle physics, among others, are only random relative
to the restricted language of the theory that predicts such behavior. It is
shown that all such "chance" natural events are related one to another by a
remarkably designed, systematic and wondrous collection of equations that model
how the natural laws and processes specifically yield such natural events. A
second result shows theoretically that all such "chance" behavior is caused by
application of well-defined ultralogics. These results show specifically that
the fundamental underlying behavior associated with all natural systems that
comprise our universe is controlled internally by processes that cannot be
differentiated from those that mirror the behavior of an infinitely powerful
mind.


title:
The two-particle problem in a many-particle system: I. Dynamically
  screened ladder approximation

abstract:
  The two-particle problem within a nonequilibrium many-particle system is
investigated in the framework of real-time Green's functions. Starting from the
dynamically screened ladder approximation of the nonequlibrium Bethe-Salpeter
equation, a nonequilibrium Dyson equation is given for two-time two-particle
Green's functions. Thereby the well-known Kadanoff-Baym equations are
generalized to the case of two-particle functions. The two-time structure of
the equations is achieved in an exact way avoiding the so-called Shindo
approximation. For the case of thermodynamic equilibrium, the differences to
former results obtained for the effective two-particle hamiltonian are
discussed.


title: The Problem of the Cosmological Constant

abstract:
  ElectroMagnetic Quantum Gravity (EMQG) is applied to the problem of the
Cosmological Constant. EMQG is a quantum gravity theory (ref. 1) in which the
virtual particles of the quantum vacuum play a very important role in all
gravitational interactions, and also in accelerated motion. According to EMQG
theory (and quantum field theory in general), empty space is populated by vast
numbers of virtual particles, consisting of virtual fermion and virtual
anti-fermion particles, which posses mass, and also virtual boson particles of
all the various force particle species. Therefore the problem of the
cosmological constant is essentially equivalent to a determination of the mass
contributed by all the virtual particles of the vacuum to the overall curvature
and dynamics of the entire universe. Our original analysis was based on the
assumption of perfect symmetry in the creation and destruction of virtual
fermion and virtual anti-fermion particle pairs in the quantum vacuum, which is
in accordance with the existing laws of conservation of both electric charge,
and also of the new law of conservation of gravitational 'mass charge'. We now
believe that this may not be necessarily true, and that EMQG can allow the
possibility of a very tiny value for the cosmological constant. Furthermore, it
turns out that this question can only be resolved when a solution to the
problem of baryon asymmetry in the universe is resolved. In other words an
answer must be found as to why our universe seems to contain only real matter,
and very little, if any anti-matter.


title: Optical response of small silver clusters

abstract:
  The time-dependent local density approximation is applied to the optical
response of the silver clusters, Ag_2, Ag_3, Ag_8 and Ag_9^+. The calculation
includes all the electrons beyond the closed-shell Ag^{+11} ionic core, thus
including for the first time explicitly the filled d-shell in the response. The
excitation energy of the strong surface plasmon near 4 eV agrees well with
experiment. The theoretical transition strength is quenched by a factor of 4
with respect to the pure s-electron sum rule in Ag_8 due to the d-electrons. A
comparable amount of strength lies in complex states below 6 eV excitation. The
total below 6 eV, about 50% of the s sum rule, is consistent with published
experiments.


title: Resonance-Induced Effects in Photonic Crystals

abstract:
  For the case of a simple face-centered-cubic photonic crystal of homogeneous
dielectric spheres, we examine to what extent single-sphere Mie resonance
frequencies are related to band gaps and whether the width of a gap can be
enlarged due to nearby resonances. Contrary to some suggestions, no spectacular
effects may be expected. When the dielectric constant of the spheres
$\epsilon_s$ is greater than the dielectric constant $\epsilon_b$ of the
background medium, then for any filling fraction $f$ there exists a critical
$\epsilon_c$ above which the lowest lying Mie resonance frequency falls inside
the lowest stop gap in the (111) crystal direction, close to its midgap
frequency. If $\epsilon_s <\epsilon_b$, the correspondence between Mie
resonances and both the (111) stop gap and a full gap does not follow such a
regular pattern. If the Mie resonance frequency is close to a gap edge, one can
observe a resonance-induced widening of a relative gap width by $\approx 5%$.


title:
Intermittency in the solar wind turbulence through probability
  distribution functions of fluctuations

abstract:
  Intermittency in fluid turbulence can be emphasized through the analysis of
Probability Distribution Functions (PDF) for velocity fluctuations, which
display a strong non-gaussian behavior at small scales. Castaing et al. (1990)
have introduced the idea that this behavior can be represented, in the
framework of a multiplicative cascade model, by a convolution of gaussians
whose variances is distributed according to a log-normal distribution. In this
letter we have tried to test this conjecture on the MHD solar wind turbulence
by performing a fit of the PDF of the bulk speed and magnetic field intensity
fluctuations calculated in the solar wind, with the model. This fit allows us
to calculate a parameter depending on the scale, which represents the width of
the log-normal distribution of the variances of the gaussians. The physical
implications of the obtained values of the parameter as well as of its scaling
law are finally discussed

categories: physics.plasm-ph astro-ph chao-dyn nlin.CD physics.data-an


title: A New Technique for Sampling Multi-Modal Distributions

abstract:
  In this paper we demonstrate that multi-modal Probability Distribution
Functions (PDFs) may be efficiently sampled using an algorithm originally
developed for numerical integrations by Monte-Carlo methods. This algorithm can
be used to generate an input PDF which can be used as an independence sampler
in a Metropolis-Hastings chain to sample otherwise troublesome
distributions.Some examples in one two and five dimensions are worked out.


title: Universal geometric approach to uncertainty, entropy and information

abstract:
  It is shown that for any ensemble, whether classical or quantum, continuous
or discrete, there is only one measure of the "volume" of the ensemble that is
compatible with several basic geometric postulates. This volume measure is thus
a preferred and universal choice for characterising the inherent spread,
dispersion, localisation, etc, of the ensemble. Remarkably, this unique
"ensemble volume" is a simple function of the ensemble entropy, and hence
provides a new geometric characterisation of the latter quantity. Applications
include unified, volume-based derivations of the Holevo and Shannon bounds in
quantum and classical information theory; a precise geometric interpretation of
thermodynamic entropy for equilibrium ensembles; a geometric derivation of
semi-classical uncertainty relations; a new means for defining classical and
quantum localization for arbitrary evolution processes; a geometric
interpretation of relative entropy; and a new proposed definition for the
spot-size of an optical beam. Advantages of the ensemble volume over other
measures of localization (root-mean-square deviation, Renyi entropies, and
inverse participation ratio) are discussed.


title: Note on the Time Reversal Asymmetry of Equations of Motion

abstract:
  Rohrlich's recent claim that the equation of motion for a point charge be
symmetric under time reversal is shown to be the result of an unusual
definition. The equation of motion for a charged sphere of finite size, which
in contrast is claimed to be asymmetric because of the finite propagation time
of its (retarded) self-forces, is shown to possess the same asymmetry (or the
same symmetry, depending on the definition) as that for a point charge. Similar
arguments apply to other effective equations of motion (such as those
describing friction or decoherence).


title: On some dynamical problems related to boundary layer turbulence

abstract:
  A number of simplified dynamical problems is studied in an attempt to clarify
some of the mechanisms leading to turbulence and the existing proposals to
control this transition. A simplified set of boundary layer equations displays
a solution that corresponds to the rolls and streaks instability and exhibits
its streamwise localized nature. The effect of random phases as a device to
control the transfer of energy to the small scales is studied both for the
shell and the boundary layer models. In spite of the simplified nature of the
models, they also provide some insight on the prospects for active turbulence
control by external body forces.


title: Underthreshold resonances in three-particle molecular systems

abstract:
  To determine the lifetimes of Efimov states of negative two-atomic ions, the
problem of resonance scattering of a light particle on a pair of identical
particles has been considered. An analytic expression has been obtained for
resonance widths in the limit of forces of zero radius and low binding energies
in pairs. Calculations are compared with the numerical solution of the Faddeev
integral equations in a wide region of masses of the light particle. It is
shown that the widths of underthreshold resonances in the scattering amplitude
obtained from the integral equations with the Yamaguchi potential are well
described by the analytic expression, which allows this expression to be used
in the mass region inaccessible for numerical calculations. It has been
concluded that the lifetime of highly excited negative molecular ions with a
binding energy close to the threshold of disintegration is practically
unlimited.


title:
Orbital Magnetic Dipole Mode in Deformed Clusters: A Fully Microscopic
  Analysis

abstract:
  The orbital M1 collective mode predicted for deformed clusters in a schematic
model is studied in a self-consistent random-phase-approximation approach which
fully exploits the shell structure of the clusters. The microscopic mechanism
of the excitation is clarified and the close correlation with E2 mode
established. The study shows that the M1 strength of the mode is fragmented
over a large energy interval. In spite of that, the fraction remaining at low
energy, well below the overwhelming dipole plasmon resonance, is comparable to
the strength predicted in the schematic model. The importance of this result in
view of future experiments is stressed.


title:
Unbinding of Retinoic Acid from its Receptor Studied by Steered
  Molecular Dynamics

abstract:
  Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that
regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and
development. Binding of the retinoic acid hormone to RAR is accompanied by
conformational changes in the protein which induce transactivation or
transrepression of the target genes. In this paper we present a study of the
hormone binding/unbinding process in order to clarify the role of some of the
amino acid contacts and identify possible pathways of the all-trans retinoic
acid binding/unbinding to/from human retinoic acid receptor (hRAR)-g. Three
possible pathways were explored using steered molecular dynamics simulations.
Unbinding was induced on a time scale of 1 ns by applying external forces to
the hormone. The simulations suggest that the hormone may employ one pathway
for binding and an alternative "back door" pathway for unbinding.


title:
Electron correlation vs. stabilization: A two-electron model atom in an
  intense laser pulse

abstract:
  We study numerically stabilization against ionization of a fully correlated
two-electron model atom in an intense laser pulse. We concentrate on two
frequency regimes: very high frequency, where the photon energy exceeds both,
the ionization potential of the outer {\em and} the inner electron, and an
intermediate frequency where, from a ``single active electron''-point of view
the outer electron is expected to stabilize but the inner one is not. Our
results reveal that correlation reduces stabilization when compared to results
from single active electron-calculations. However, despite this destabilizing
effect of electron correlation we still observe a decreasing ionization
probability within a certain intensity domain in the high-frequency case. We
compare our results from the fully correlated simulations with those from
simpler, approximate models. This is useful for future work on ``real''
more-than-one electron atoms, not yet accessible to numerical {\em ab initio}
methods.


title: The 4th State of Matter: The Delta State

abstract:
  The corresponding states principle is an important concept wherein materials
are interrelated. The base state of this principle, however, currently has no
specific physical reality. Instead, it is a definition: a set of conditions at
which the gas state reaches its maximum compression and liquid can not longer
form; namely, the critical point.
  This article shows that a discrete, real-life, 3-D, base state is consistent
with published and new experimental data. The mathematical analyses were
conducted in the same manner for all the materials using literature data, a
simple, consistent liquid state model and a simple, physically definable,
cluster state model at the critical point. The base state described herein has
molecules traveling together in well-defined small-hard or large-soft clusters.
These clusters are dubbed the DELTA state since they occur almost exclusively
in tetrahedral groups of four. From this straightforward, mathematical and
intuitive methodology, the DELTA state emerged as the fourth state of matter:
the base state of the corresponding states. As a result, the universal gas law
requires inclusion of the DELTA state with the monomer state to be accurate.
The critical point is the point at which liquid ceases to form. It is also the
point at which only the DELTA state exists. Hence, the critical point is more
appropriately called the DELTA POINT.


title: What caused the onset of the 1997-1998 El Nino?

abstract:
  There has been intense debate about the causes of the 1997-1998 El Nino. One
side sees the obvious intense westerly wind events as the main cause for the
exceptional heating in summer 1997, the other emphasizes slower oceanic
processes. We present a quantitative analysis of all factors contributing to
the onset of this El Nino. At six months' lead time the initial state
contributes about 40% of the heating compared with an average year, and the
wind about 50%. Compared with 1996, these contributions are 30% and 90%
respectively. As westerly wind events are difficult to predict, this limited
the predictability of the onset of this El Nino.


title: Gauge Invariance and Canonical Variables

abstract:
  We discuss some paradoxes arising due to the gauge-dependence of canonical
variables in mechanics.


title: Extruded Plastic Scintillation Detectors

abstract:
  As a way to lower the cost of plastic scintillation detectors, commercially
available polystyrene pellets have been used in the production of scintillating
materials that can be extruded into different profiles. The selection of raw
materials is discussed. Two techniques to add wavelength shifting dopants to
polystyrene pellets and to extrude plastic scintillating strips are described.
Data on light yield and transmittance measurements are presented.


title: A Phase transition in acoustic propagation in 2D random liquid media

abstract:
  Acoustic wave propagation in liquid media containing many parallel air-filled
cylinders is considered. A self-consistent method is used to compute rigorously
the propagation, incorporating all orders of multiple scattering. It is shown
that under proper conditions, multiple scattering leads to a peculiar phase
transition in acoustic propagation. When the phase transition occurs, a
collective behavior of the cylinders appears and the acoustic waves are
confined in a region of space in the neighborhood of the transmission source. A
novel phase diagram is used to describe such phase transition.
  Originally submitted on April 6, 99.


title:
Study of the Four-Rod RFQ Using the Normal Mode Theory of Transmission
  Lines

abstract:
  The normal mode theory of the transmission lines is applied to the studies of
the Four-Rod RFQ. This resonator consists of four quadrupole electrodes and
stems. It can be simulated by the four-conductor shielded transmission line,
which is loaded by sets of coaxial transmission lines corresponding to the
support stems. The ideal case of the indefinite periodic Four-Rod RFQ is
considered. Formulas for resonance frequency, the voltage distribution along
the electrodes and the shunt impedance are obtained.


title: On localization of acoustic waves

abstract:
  The paper presents a discussion on localization of acoustic waves. Some
important questions about wave localization are addressed. Particular attention
is paid to acoustic localization in liquid media containing many air-filled
bubbles. It is shown that an amazing collective behavior appears when
localization occurs. The study sheds new light to the much discussed subject.


title:
Asymptotics of Reaction-Diffusion Fronts with One Static and One
  Diffusing Reactant

abstract:
  The long-time behavior of a reaction-diffusion front between one static (e.g.
porous solid) reactant A and one initially separated diffusing reactant B is
analyzed for the mean-field reaction-rate density R(\rho_A,\rho_B) =
k\rho_A^m\rho_B^n. A uniformly valid asymptotic approximation is constructed
from matched self-similar solutions in a reaction front (of width w \sim
t^\alpha where R \sim t^\beta enters the dominant balance) and a diffusion
layer (of width W \sim t^{1/2} where R is negligible). The limiting solution
exists if and only if m, n \geq 1, in which case the scaling exponents are
uniquely given by \alpha = (m-1)/2(m+1) and \beta = m/(m+1). In the diffusion
layer, the common ad hoc approximation of neglecting reactions is given
mathematical justification, and the exact transient decay of the reaction rate
is derived. The physical effects of higher-order kinetics (m, n > 1), such as
the broadening of the reaction front and the slowing of transients, are also
discussed.


title: Time-of-Propagation Cherenkov counter for particle identification

abstract:
  We describe here a new concept of a Cherenkov detector for particle
identification by means of measuring the Time-of-Propagation (TOP) of Cherenkov
photons.


title:
Application of avalanche photodiodes as a readout for scintillator
  tile-fiber systems

abstract:
  The application of reach-through avalanche photodiodes (R'APD) as a
photodetector for scintillator tiles has been investigated. The light collected
by WLS fibers (0.84mm and 1mm diameter) embedded in the scintillator has been
transmited to the 0.5mm2 active surface of APD by clear optical fibers and
optical connectors. A low noise charge sensitive preamplifier (approximately
400 electrons equivalent noise charge) has been used to gain the photodiode
signal. Various configurations of tile-fibre systems, suitable for CMS and LHCb
experiments at LHC have been studied using cosmic muons and muon beam at SPS at
CERN. In order to optimize the performance of APD, measurments in the
temperature range from -10C to +25C have been done. The MIP detection
efficiency and electron/MIP separation have been estimated in order to
determine applicability of the readout for LHCb preshower.


title:
Oscillatory disintegration of a trans-Alfvenic shock: A
  magnetohydrodynamic simulation

abstract:
  Nonlinear evolution of a trans-Alfvenic shock wave (TASW), at which the flow
velocity passes over the Alfven velocity, is computed in a magnetohydrodynamic
approximation. The analytical theory suggests that an infinitesimal
perturbation of a TASW results in its disintegration, i.e., finite variation of
the flow, or transformation into some other unsteady configuration. In the
present paper, this result is confirmed by numerical simulations. It is shown
that the disintegration time is close to its minimum value equal to the shock
thickness divided by a relative velocity of the emerging secondary structures.
The secondary TASW that appears after the disintegration is again unstable with
respect to disintegration. When the perturbation has a cyclic nature, the TASW
undergoes oscillatory disintegration, during which it repeatedly transforms
into another TASW. This process manifests itself as a train of shock and
rarefaction waves, which consecutively emerge at one edge of the train and
merge at the other edge.


title: Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Regime in the Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

abstract:
  The effect of nonlinearity on plasma wake wave excited by a relativistic
cylindrical charged bunch is investigated. It is shown that owing to the
nonlinearity the amplitude of wake wave gets modulated in the longitudinal
direction. The nonlinear wavelength in the excited field changes in the
transverse direction with the result that the phase front is distored and a
turbulence developed. The nonlinear phase front distortion may be compensated
by radial change of unperturbed plasma density.


title:
International Workshop on the Future of Physics and Society, Debrecen,
  Hungary, 4-6 March 1999, Workshop Summary

abstract:
  The Debrecen workshop was one of a number held in preparation for the
UNESCO-ICSU World Conference on Science, which will be held in Budapest, June
1999. A report representing the views of the workshop, prepared for that
conference and containing a number of recommended actions, is included with
this summary. The workshop affirmed the ongoing importance of physics for its
own sake and as part of our culture, as a key element in our increasingly
unified science and as an essential contributor to the solution of
environmental and energy problems. The problems faced by physics as an activity
and as an educational subject were discussed and actions for both society as a
whole and the physics community itself were put forward.


title: The X-ray CCD camera of the MAXI Experiment on the ISS/JEM

abstract:
  MAXI, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, is the X-ray observatory on the
Japanese experimental module (JEM) Exposed Facility (EF) on the International
Space Station (ISS). MAXI is a slit scanning camera which consists of two kinds
of X-ray detectors: one is a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional
counter with a total area of $\sim 5000 cm^2$, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC), and
the other is an X-ray CCD array with a total area $\sim 200 cm^2$, the
Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC). The GSC subtends a field of view with an angular
dimension of 1$^\circ\times 180^\circ$ while the SSC subtends a field of view
with an angular dimension of 1$^\circ$ times a little less than 180$^\circ$. In
the course of one station orbit, MAXI can scan almost the entire sky with a
precision of 1$^\circ$ and with an X-ray energy range of 0.5-30 keV. We have
developed the engineering model of CCD chips and the analogue electronics for
the SSC. The energy resolution of EM CCD for Mn K$\alpha$ has a full-width at
half maximum of $\simeq$ 182 eV. Readout noise is $\simeq$ 11 e^- rms.


title: Dissipation of mechanical energy in fused silica fibers

abstract:
  For thermal noise considerations of LIGO suspensions, the sources of
dissipation in the suspending fibers must be analyzed. To determine the
dissipation induced by the surface of fused silica fibers, we measured the
quality factor of fibers having various diameters. We measured a maximum
quality factor of 21 million and extrapolated to obtain an intrinsic quality
factor for fused silica of 30 million. Dissipation in the surface dominated at
diameters less than about 1 mm. We developed a method for characterizing
surface-induced dissipation that is independent of sample geometry or mode
shape.


title: The Binary Mole

abstract:
  Avogadro's number is a count of a definite number of things and, therefore,
must be an integer and not a floating point number. Arguments are given herein
that this integer should be precisely 2E79 - that is,
  N_o = 2E79 = 6.04 462 909 107 318 607 353 088 E23;
  hence, the binary mole.


title: A Variety of Giant Resonances in Metal Clusters

abstract:
  Multipole electric and magnetic giant resonances in metal clusters are
reviewed and compared with their counterparts in atomic nuclei. The main
attention is paid to E1 resonance (dipole plasmon).


title: The Gravitational Spacecraft

abstract:
  There is an electromagnetic factor of correlation between gravitational mass
and inertial mass, which in specific electromagnetic conditions, can be
reduced, made negative and increased in numerical value. This means that
gravitational forces can be reduced, inverted and intensified by means of
electromagnetic fields. Such control of the gravitational interaction can have
a lot of practical applications. For example, a new concept of spacecraft and
aerospace flight arises from the possibility of the electromagnetic control of
the gravitational mass. The novel spacecraft called Gravitational Spacecraft
possibly will change the paradigm of space flight and transportation in
general. Here, its operation principles and flight possibilities, it will be
described. Also it will be shown that other devices based on gravity control,
such as the Gravitational Motor and the Quantum Transceivers, can be used in
the spacecraft, respectively, for Energy Generation and Telecommunications.


title: Warp drives, wavefronts and superluminality

abstract:
  Coule's primary objection to the Alcubierre "warpdrive" is that the material
producing the warp field needs to be superluminal. This difficulty is solved by
placing the drive material inside its own warp field (making the drive system
part of the payload), but we then have to deal with Low's related objection,
that there is then a restricted rate at which this "naked" warp-field can
propagate through the background metric. We argue that the propagation of this
sort of gravitational wave is not a trivial problem, and that the possibility
of ultrafast warpfield propagation should not be dismissed without further
research.


title: Fermi resonance-algebraic model for molecular vibrational spectra

abstract:
  A Fermi resonance-algebraic model is proposed for molecular vibrations, where
a U(2) algebra is used for describing the vibrations of each bond, and Fermi
resonances between stretching and bending modes are taken into account. The
model for a bent molecule XY_2 and a molecule XY_3 is successfully applied to
fit the recently observed vibrational spectrum of the water molecule and arsine
(AsH_3), respectively, and results are compared with those of other models.
Calculations show that algebraic approaches can be used as an effective method
for describing molecular vibrations with small standard deviations.


title: Algebraic description of anharmonic stretching vibrations

abstract:
  A U(2) algebraic model is presented to describe stretching vibrations of
XY$_n$ (n=2, 3, and 4) systems, where anharmonic interactions between the bond
modes are considered. This model in a limit corresponds to an anharmonically
coupled local mode model. As an example, the model for a molecule XY$_4$ is
applied to recently observed spectra of methane in both gas and liquid phases,
and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experiments.


title: Large Numbers, Galactic Rotation and Orbits

abstract:
  The time variation of the gravitational constant G in the recently discussed
large number cosmologies accounts for the galactic rotational velocity curves
without invoking dark matter and also for effects like the precession of the
perhelion of Mercury.


title: Error Thresholds on Dynamic Fittness-Landscapes

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate error-thresholds on dynamics fitness-landscapes.
We show that there exists both lower and an upper threshold, representing
limits to the copying fidelity of simple replicators. The lower bound can be
expressed as a correction term to the error-threshold present on a static
landscape. The upper error-threshold is a new limit that only exists on dynamic
fitness-landscapes. We also show that for long genomes on highly dynamic
fitness-landscapes there exists a lower bound on the selection pressure needed
to enable effective selection of genomes with superior fitness independent of
mutation rates, i.e., there are distinct limits to the evolutionary parameters
in dynamic environments.


title: The Probability Distribution to Leptons and Quarks

abstract:
  The tracelike probability is expressed by the leptons and quarks
Hamiltonians.


title: A study of cross sections for excitation of pseudostates

abstract:
  Using the electron-hydrogen scattering Temkin-Poet model we investigate the
behavior of the cross sections for excitation of all of the states used in the
convergent close-coupling (CCC) formalism. In the triplet channel, it is found
that the cross section for exciting the positive-energy states is approximately
zero near-threshold and remains so until a further energy, equal to the energy
of the state, is added to the system. This is consistent with the step-function
hypothesis [Bray, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 78} 4721 (1997)] and inconsistent with
the expectations of Bencze and Chandler [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 59} 3129 (1999)].
Furthermore, we compare the results of the CCC-calculated triplet and singlet
single differential cross sections with the recent benchmark results of
Baertschy et al. [Phys. Rev. A (to be published)], and find consistent
agreement.


title: Mechanical Aspect of Chirality and its Biological Significance

abstract:
  Chirality is not just a structural artifact in biology but it may provide for
a genuine biological advantage. This is due to the phenomenon of chiral
interaction (CI) which is described here for mechanical-chiral devices. The
main mechanical feature of chiral interaction is its mode of selecting one
direction of rotation out of two possible and opposite ones. For example, a
given chiral device such as a rotating water sprinkler, rotates in one
direction. What does rotate in the opposite direction is the mirror of this
given sprinkler. This mode of operation indicates space-time (PT) invariance
which causes it to be also time-irreversible. This also causes a chiral device
to become non-ergodic on microscopic level. This prevents certain chiral
systems from readily reaching thermal equilibrium, and causes the system to act
non-ergodically, which is crucial for living systems as well as for molecular
evolution.


title: Spectroscopy through the change of undulator parameters in dipole regime

abstract:
  In this work a method of spectroscopy without monochromators for the
undulator radiation (UR) source is proposed. This method is based of changing
the magnetic field in the undulator. Different variations of field modulations
and corresponding object reaction for the case of a dipole regime of UR
exitation were considered. The results of a numerical experiment are shown and
possibilites of this method for an undulator consisting of two blocks and
rearranging by changing the distance between the blocks were estimated.


title: Molecular Evolution in Time Dependent Environments

abstract:
  The quasispecies theory is studied for dynamic replication landscapes. A
meaningful asymptotic quasispecies is defined for periodic time dependencies.
The quasispecies' composition is constantly changing over the oscillation
period. The error threshold moves towards the position of the time averaged
landscape for high oscillation frequencies and follows the landscape closely
for low oscillation frequencies.


title: Towards an Exact Mechanical Analogy of Particles and Fields

abstract:
  An exact analogy of electromagnetic fields and particles can be found in
continuum mechanics of a turbulent perfect fluid with voids. Deviations of the
turbulence from a homogeneous isotropic state correspond to electromagnetic
fields: with the average pressure as electrostatic potential, the average fluid
velocity as magnetic vector potential and the density of the average turbulence
energy as electromotive force. The waves of turbulence perturbation model the
electromagnetic waves. Cavities of the fluid serve as walls to support
stationary perturbations of turbulence. Cavitation of the turbulent
noncorpuscular fluid occurring in the presence of voids leads to forming
dilatational inclusions of empty space and of the quiescent fluid. These model
the positive and negative electrically charged particles, respectively. Due to
the dilatation, the inclusions interact with the turbulence perturbation
fields. This looks exactly as interaction of the charges with the
electromagnetic fields. Splitting and dispersion of an inclusion in the
stochastic environment model delocalization of a quantum particle.


title: Computation of Mean Velocity Distribution in a Turbulent Flow

abstract:
  An approximate method to compute mean velocity profiles in turbulent flows is
developed. This approach is based on the equation connecting the Reynolds
stress and mean velocity. By using the measured values of pressure drop and
average (bulk) flow velocity, such characteristics of a turbulent flow as the
mean velocity and Reynolds stress distributions were calculated and compared
with the experimental measurements in different pipes and channels for various
fluids and gases. These show good agreement for a wide range of Reynolds
numbers.


title: A Bit too Far

abstract:
  In the particle in the box problem, the particle is not in both boxes at the
same time as some would have you believe. It is a set definition situation with
the two boxes being part of a set that also contains a particle. Set and subset
differences are explored.
  Atomic electron orbitals can be mimicked by roulette wheel probability; thus
ELECTRONIC ROULETTE. 0 and 00 serve as boundary limits and are on opposite
sides of the central core - a point that quantum physics ignores. Considering a
stray marble on the floor as part of the roulette wheel menage is taking
assumptions a bit too far. Likewise, the attraction between a positive and
negative charge at distance does not make the negative charge part of the
positive charge's orbital system. This, of course, is contrary to the stance of
current quantum physics methodology that carries this orbital association a bit
too far.


title:
Universal shape function for the double ionization cross section of
  negative ions by electron impact

abstract:
  It is shown that recently measured cross sections for double ionization of
negative ions ($H^-, O^-$, and $C^-$) possess a universal shape when plotted in
suitable dimensionless units. The shape can be represented with a simple
analytical function, following the same principles as it has been done in
establishing a universal shape function for single ionization [Rost and Pattard
1997 Phys. Rev. A {\bf 55} R5]. Thereby, it is demonstrated that direct double
ionization dominates the cross section for the targets considered.


title:
Four-state N-atom as a simple theoretical model for electromagnetically
  induced absorption

abstract:
  A simple theoretical model describing the positive sign of subnatural-width
absorption resonances in the recent experiment of Akulshin and co-workers
(Phys. Rev. A, {\bf 57}, 2996 (1998)) is proposed. An analytical expression for
the linear response to the weak probe field is found in the low-saturation
limit with respect to the control field. It is shown that the positive sign of
subnatural resonance is caused by the spontaneous transfer of the light-induced
coherence from the excited level to the ground one.


title:
Towards a Mechanical Analogy of a Quantum Particle: Turbulent Advection
  of a Fluid Discontinuity and Schroedinger Mechanics

abstract:
  A discontinuity of a turbulent ideal fluid is considered. It is supposed to
be split and dispersed, or spread in the stochastic environment forming a gas
without hydrostatic pressure. Two equal-mass fragments of a discontinuity are
indistinguishable from each other. A gas, that possesses such properties, must
behave itself as the Madelung medium.


title: On the Inadmissibility of Non-evolutionary Shocks

abstract:
  In this paper we study the general relationship between the evolutionary
conditions for discontinuous solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws with a
concave entropy function and the existence and uniqueness of steady dissipative
shock structure. Our results confirm the classical shock theory. We also show
that the appearance of intermediate shocks in numerical MHD simulations can be
understood in terms of the equations planar magnetohydrodynamics for which some
of these shocks turn out to be evolutionary. Finally, we discuss ways in which
numerical schemes can be modified in order to avoid the appearance of
intermediate shocks in simulations with such symmetry.


title: What are the Hidden Quantum Processes Behind Newton's Laws?

abstract:
  We investigate the hidden quantum processes that are responsible for Newton's
laws of motion and Newton's universal law of gravity. We apply Electro-Magnetic
Quantum Gravity or EMQG to investigate Newtonian classical physics. EQMG is a
quantum gravity theory that is manifestly compatible with Cellular Automata
(CA) theory, a new paradigm for physical reality. EMQG is also based on a
theory of inertia proposed by R. Haisch, A. Rueda, and H. Puthoff, which we
modified and called Quantum Inertia (QI). Quantum Inertia theory states that in
Newton's 2nd law of motion (F=MA), inertia is caused by the strictly local
electrical force interactions bewteen matter (ultimately composed of
electrically charged quantum particles) and the surrounding electrically
charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum. When an electrically charged
particle is accelerated, an electrical force results between the particle and
the surrounding electrically charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum
appears in a direction to oppose the acceleration. The sum of all the tiny
electrical forces originating between each charged particle and the surrounding
quantum vacuum, is the source of the total inertial force of a mass which
opposes accelerated motion in Newton's F = MA. Quantum Inertia theory resolves
the problems and paradoxes of accelerated motion introduced in Mach's principle
by suggesting that the state of acceleration of the charged virtual particles
of the quantum vacuum with respect to a mass, serves the function of Newton's
absolute space for accelerated masses only.


title: High-quality variational wave functions for small 4He clusters

abstract:
  We report a variational calculation of ground state energies and radii for
4He_N droplets (3 \leq N \leq 40), using the atom-atom interaction HFD-B(HE).
The trial wave function has a simple structure, combining two- and three-body
correlation functions coming from a translationally invariant
configuration-interaction description, and Jastrow-type short-range
correlations. The calculated ground state energies differ by around 2% from the
diffusion Monte Carlo results.


title:
Towards standard methods for benchmark quality ab initio thermochemistry
  --- W1 and W2 theory

abstract:
  Two new schemes for computing molecular total atomization energies (TAEs)
and/or heats of formation ($\Delta H^\circ_f$) of first-and second-row
compounds to very high accuracy are presented. The more affordable scheme, W1
(Weizmann-1) theory, yields a mean absolute error of 0.30 kcal/mol and includes
only a single, molecule-independent, empirical parameter. It requires CCSD
(coupled cluster with all single and double substitutions) calculations in
$spdf$ and $spdfg$ basis sets, while CCSD(T) [i.e. CCSD with a
quasiperturbative treatment of connected triple excitations] calculations are
only required in $spd$ and $spdf$ basis sets. On workstation computers and
using conventional coupled cluster algorithms, systems as large as benzene can
be treated, while larger systems are feasible using direct coupled cluster
methods. The more rigorous scheme, W2 (Weizmann-2) theory, contains no
empirical parameters at all and yields a mean absolute error of 0.23 kcal/mol,
which is lowered to 0.18 kcal/mol for molecules dominated by dynamical
correlation. It involves CCSD calculations in $spdfg$ and $spdfgh$ basis sets
and CCSD(T) calculations in $spdf$ and $spdfg$ basis sets. On workstation
computers, molecules with up to three heavy atoms can be treated using
conventional coupled cluster algorithms, while larger systems can still be
treated using a direct CCSD code. Both schemes include corrections for scalar
relativistic effects, which are found to be vital for accurate results on
second-row compounds.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 1. Orbital Motion in
  Storage Rings

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part, according to variational approach we obtain a
representation for orbital particle motion in storage rings as a
multiresolution (multiscales) expansion in the base of well-localized in phase
space wavelet basis. By means of this "wavelet microscope" technique we can
take into account contribution from each scale of resolution.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 2. Orbital Dynamics in
  General Multipolar Field

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part we consider orbital motion in transverse plane
for a single particle in a circular magnetic lattice in case when we take into
account multipolar expansion up to an arbitrary finite number. We reduce
initial dynamical problem to the finite number (equal to the number of n-poles)
of standard algebraical problem and represent all dynamical variables via an
expansion in the base of periodical wavelets.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 3. Effects of Insertion
  Devices on Beam Dynamics

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part, assuming a sinusoidal field variation, we
consider the analytical treatment of the effects of insertion devices on beam
dynamics. We investigate via wavelet approach a dynamical model which has
polynomial nonlinearities and variable coefficients. We construct the
corresponding wavelet representation. As examples we consider wigglers and
undulator magnets. We consider the further modification of our variational
approach which may be applied in each scale.


title: Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 4. Spin-Orbital Motion

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part we consider a model for spin-orbital motion:
orbital dynamics and Thomas-BMT equations for classical spin vector. We
represent the solution of this dynamical system in framework of biorthogonal
wavelets via variational approach. We consider a different variational
approach, which is applied to each scale.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 5. Maps and Discretization
  via Wavelets

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part we consider the applications of discrete wavelet
analysis technique to maps which come from discretization of continuous
nonlinear polynomial problems in accelerator physics. Our main point is
generalization of wavelet analysis which can be applied for both discrete and
continuous cases. We give explicit multiresolution representation for solutions
of discrete problems, which is correct discretization of our representation of
solutions of the corresponding continuous cases.


title: Vorticity statistics in the two-dimensional enstrophy cascade

abstract:
  We report the first extensive experimental observation of the two-dimensional
enstrophy cascade, along with the determination of the high order vorticity
statistics. The energy spectra we obtain are remarkably close to the Kraichnan
Batchelor expectation. The distributions of the vorticity increments, in the
inertial range, deviate only little from gaussianity and the corresponding
structure functions exponents are indistinguishable from zero. It is thus shown
that there is no sizeable small scale intermittency in the enstrophy cascade,
in agreement with recent theoretical analyses.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 6. Representations and
  Quasiclassics via FWT

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part we consider application of FWT to metaplectic
representation(quantum and chaotical problems) and quasiclassics.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 7. Invariant Calculations
  in Hamiltonian Problems

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this paper we consider invariant formulation of nonlinear
(Lagrangian or Hamiltonian) dynamics on semidirect structure (relativity or
dynamical groups) and corresponding invariant calculations via CWT.


title:
Nonlinear Accelerator Problems via Wavelets: 8. Invariant Bases, Loops
  and KAM

abstract:
  In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from
wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator
physics problems. In this part we consider variational wavelet approach for
loops, invariant bases on semidirect product, KAM calculation via FWT.


title: A New Theory of Geomagnetism

abstract:
  It is pointed out, that in the light of recent results on the semionic or
anomalous behaviour of electrons below the Fermi temperature, the solid core of
the earth which has been ignored so far, would contribute significantly to
Geomagnetism and help explain the puzzling magnetic reversals.