title: Ramping Control of HLS Storage Ring

abstract:
  HLS (Hefei Light Source) is a second generation synchrotron radiation source.
After injected into the storage ring at energy of 200MeV, the electrons will be
ramped to 800MeV. During ramping, the magnetic fields of the bend, quadruple
and sextuple magnets are ramped up synchronously to keep the working point of
the storage ring unchanged. This process is carefully controlled by HLS control
system, which is built under EPICS. Several measures are taken to insure the
synchronization and linearity of the ramping.


title: Injection Control System of HLS Storage Ring

abstract:
  The injection control system of Hefei Light Source (HLS) storage ring is a
subsystem of the upgraded HLS control system, which is based upon EPICS. Three
programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used as device controllers, which
control one septum modulator and four kicker modulators of HLS storage ring. An
Industrial PC is used as Input/Output Controller (IOC) and it connects the PLCs
with serial communication (RS232 mode) over fibre. A PC with Linux is used as
operator interface (OPI), operator application are running on it. The control
system was completed in July 2000. The commissioning shows that the control
system is reliable and easy operational.


title: Theory of a Slow-Light Catastrophe

abstract:
  In diffraction catastrophes such as the rainbow the wave nature of light
resolves ray singularities and draws delicate interference patterns. In quantum
catastrophes such as the black hole the quantum nature of light resolves wave
singularities and creates characteristic quantum effects related to Hawking
radiation. The paper describes the theory behind a recent proposal [U.
Leonhardt, arXiv:physics/0111058, Nature (in press)] to generate a quantum
catastrophe of slow light.


title: Scaling of acceleration in locally isotropic turbulence

abstract:
  The variances of the fluid-particle acceleration and of the pressure-gradient
and viscous force are given. The scaling parameters for these variances are
velocity statistics measureable with a single-wire anemometer. For both high
and low Reynolds numbers, asymptotic scaling formulas are given; these agree
quantitatively with DNS data. Thus, the scaling can be presumed known for all
Reynolds numbers. Fluid-particle acceleration variance does not obey K41
scaling at any Reynolds number; this is consistent with recent experimental
data. The non-dimensional pressure-gradient variance named lambda-sub{T}
/lambda-sub{P} is shown to be obsolete.


title: The SLS Beamlines Data Acquisition and Control System

abstract:
  On December 15th the Swiss Light Source (SLS) produced a stored beam for the
first time. This important milestone was achieved in a very tight time
schedule. The fact that all major systems are controlled by Epics made this
challenge feasible. In the first phase there are four beamlines: two for the
surface science community, one for powder and surface diffraction and computed
micro-tomography, and the last one for protein crystallography. All of them are
equipped with insertion devices, which users want to treat as active
sub-systems like a monochromator or experimental station. The beamline control
systems are based on the same hardware and software technology as is the
machine. This implies extensive use of Personal Computers running Linux RedHat
6.2 and VME systems (PowerPC). The advantage of this choice is a staightforward
implementation of the insertion devices into the beamline and experiment
framework. Although the experiment Application Program Interfaces differ from
beamline to beamline, the standard software technology for linking all
sub-systems is based on the Epics toolkit and Cdev. The diagnostic tools
provided by this toolkit are being extensively used during the beamline
commissioning. Finallly we account on some examples of integrating dedicated
3rd party and commercial non Epics software products for experiment control
into the beamline control system. Key elements in this domain are CORBA, Python
and Portable Channel Access Server.


title: Timing system of the Swiss Light Source

abstract:
  The timing system of the Swiss Light Source is based on the event system
concept of APS, Argonne [1]. However, for SLS the hardware was completely
redesigned while preserving the software compatibility with the APS system.
This gave us a head start in the implementation: we could use the latest
available hardware and take advantage of the features integrated in the EPICS
software. The event system is used as the sole timing distribution method, for
hardware trigger delivery (assisted with a high-precision delay at a few
places) and for controlling all the timing-related tasks of operation: injector
sequencing, filling patterns, software synchronization, timestamps and so on.
The event network is also extended to the beamlines to allow synchronization of
the beamline experiments. The implementation consists of the hardware (Gigabit
Ethernet link, FPGAs) and a firmware core written in VHDL. The functionality of
the cards can be modified in situ by rewriting the firmware in flash memory. On
the other hand, the functionality can be easily ported to new hardware
architectures, allowing smooth upgrade paths and maximal reusability of the
soft- and hardware resources.
  [1] F.R.Lenkszus et.al., 'The Advanced Photon Source Event System', Proc.
ICALEPCS'95


title:
Signal Archiving and Retrieval: Essential Long Term Performance Tuning
  Tool

abstract:
  The first two years of user service of the third generation light source
BESSY II emphasized the importance of a reliable, comprehensive and dense
logging of a few thousand setpoints, readbacks, status and alarm values. Today
data from sources with various characteristics residing in different protected
networks are centrally collected and retrievable via an uncomplex CGI program
to any desktop system on the site. Data post-processing tools cover Windows
applications, IDL, SDDS and custom programs matching users skills and
preferences. In this paper illustrative sample data explorations are described
that underline the importance of the logging system for operations as well as
for the understanding of singular events or long term drifts. Serious
shortcomings of the present installation and focus of further development are
described.


title: o-Positronium scattering off H and He

abstract:
  Exploiting an approach similar to the R-matrix theory, the diffusion Monte
Carlo method is employed to compute phase shifts and threshold cross sections
for the elastic scattering of o-positronium off light atoms. Results are
obtained for Ps-H and Ps-He as representative cases of open and closed shell
targets. The method allows for an exact treatment of both correlation and
exchange interactions, and represents the most promising approach to deal with
these effects in more complicated targets. In particular the Ps-He threshold
cross section, computed in a many body framework for the first time, represents
a standard by which past and future numerical and experimental estimates can be
judged.


title:
The Landau Damping Effect and Complex-valued Nature of Physical
  Quantities

abstract:
  Within the framework of the hypothesis offered by authors about
complex-valued nature of physical quantities, the effect of the Landau damping
has been explored with assumption that not only frequency can be a small
imaginary component but also a wave vector. The numerical solution of the
obtained dispersion equation testifies that uncollisional damping is
accompanied in a certain region of space by antidumping of waves, and in
particular situations antidumping may prevail over damping. It is possible that
this effect may explain the experimental difficulties connected with inhibition
of instabilities of plasma in the problem of controllable thermonuclear fusion.


title: Polarization state of the optical near-field

abstract:
  The polarization state of the optical electromagnetic field lying several
nanometers above complex dielectric structures reveals the intricate
light-matter interaction that occurs in this near-field zone. This information
can only be extracted from an analysis of the polarization state of the
detected light in the near-field. These polarization states can be calculated
by different numerical methods well-suited to near--field optics. In this
paper, we apply two different techniques (Localized Green Function Method and
Differential Theory of Gratings) to separate each polarisation component
associated with both electric and magnetic optical near-fields produced by
nanometer sized objects. The analysis is carried out in two stages: in the
first stage, we use a simple dipolar model to achieve insight into the physical
origin of the near-field polarization state. In the second stage, we calculate
accurate numerical field maps, simulating experimental near-field light
detection, to supplement the data produced by analytical models. We conclude
this study by demonstrating the role played by the near-field polarization in
the formation of the local density of states.


title:
Instantons and radial excitations in attractive Bose-Einstein
  condensates

abstract:
  Imaginary- and real-time versions of an equation for the condensate density
are presented which describe dynamics and decay of any spherical Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC) within the mean field appraoch. We obtain quantized energies
of collective finite amplitude radial oscillations and exact numerical
instanton solutions which describe quantum tunneling from both the metastable
and radially excited states of the BEC of 7Li atoms. The mass parameter for the
radial motion is found different from the gaussian value assumed hitherto, but
the effect of this difference on decay exponents is small. The collective
breathing states form slightly compressed harmonic spectrum, n=4 state lying
lower than the second Bogolyubov (small amplitude) mode. The decay of these
states, if excited, may simulate a shorter than true lifetime of the metastable
state. By scaling arguments, results extend to other attractive BEC-s.


title: National Ignition Facility (NIF) Control Network Design and Analysis

abstract:
  This paper describes the requirements, design, and analysis of the control
network for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The network uses Ethernet
technology throughout and ATM is used for efficient digital video transport.


title:
Beam Feedback Systems and BPM Read-out System for the Two-Bunch
  Acceleration at Kekb Linac

abstract:
  In order to double the positron injection rate into the KEKB ring, a
two-bunch acceleration scheme has been studied at the linac, in which bunches
separated by 96 ns are accelerated in 50 Hz. In this scheme the stabilization
of energy and orbit of each bunch is indispensable. Thus the beam energy and
orbit feedback systems have been upgraded.
  Since beam characteristics are acquired through beam position monitors (BPM),
their read-out system was improved to meet two-bunch requirements. Combined
waveforms from BPM's were adjusted with delay cables avoiding overlaps and they
enabled simultaneous measurement of beam positions of two bunches.
  The beam energies of two bunches were balanced by tuning rf pulse timings,
and the average energy was stabilized by adjusting the accelerating rf phases.
The average beam orbits were also stabilized. Slow feedback systems at the
injector section for charge and bunching stabilities are being planned as well.
These systems were used successfully in the test beams and will be employed in
the routine operation.


title: Implementation of the Epics Device Support for Network-Based Controllers

abstract:
  In the control system of the JAERI-KEK joint project (High Intensity Proton
Accelerator Facility), it is planned to employ network-based controllers such
as PLC's and measurement stations instead of using other field control
networks, since the network hardware and software can be standardized and they
have been successfully utilized in other accelerator control systems in KEK.
  EPICS software support for those controllers was designed paying special
attention to robustness and has been implemented and applied for the
accelerator test stand. Basic functionalities were confirmed and miscellaneous
functions such as diagnosis of the software itself would be added.
  Since many kinds of network-based equipment such as oscilloscopes have become
available recently, they are considered to be integrated as well. They may
enable more manageable controllers.


title: Macroquantum effects in condensed matter

abstract:
  Quantum relativistic probability description of continuous world is
re-examined. The new conception of physical world is offered. It is based on
deterministic description of elementary particles, on conception The standard
probability quantum relativistic picture of world is reviewed. The new picture
of world is proposed. It is based on deterministic approach to elementary
particles, discrete model of space determined by segmentation of particles and
their fields and also by introduction of 9 Lorentz groups of transformations
between systems of reference. It is supposed that elementary particles are
segmented in space and change their form dependent on phase and structural
state of substance. This approach allow to use linear differential second order
equations to describe interactions. Maxwell equations are the partial case of
them. This approach allow to eliminate basic paradoxes of quantum field theory
and quantum mechanics and gives a new interpretation of well known experiments.
To confirm the theory proposed basic parameters of macroquantum effects in
condensed medium including cosmic objects are calculated. Particularly,
parameters of high temperature superconductors being stable till temperature
93,5 Centdegree are calculated. It is supposed that electrons in atomic
hydrogen at 6000 Centdegree at the Sun can occur in superconducting state.


title: Macroquantum Effects in Astronomy

abstract:
  A great number of macroquantum laws connecting gravity and electromagnetism
if found empirically. To describe them the model of anisotropic gravitational
field is proposed. This field is build as a superposition of planes and force
lines are changed by thin elastic discs. Interaction of gravitational objects
is described by second order linear differential equation having in some limits
Newton or Maxwell equations. Tending to similar description of electromagnetic
and gravitational forces the Newton gravity law is complemented by dynamical
part dependent on speed of relative movement of objects. Static part of the
Newton law is provided by longitudinal waves. They penetrate along planes with
the speed equal to a^{-4}c=3.526 10^8 c, where c is the speed of light and a is
the fine structure constant.


title: Methods of Laser Cooling of Electron Beams in Storage Rings

abstract:
  Methods of enhanced laser cooling of particle beams in storage rings and
Robinson's damping criterion are discussed. The dynamics of amplitudes of
betatron oscillations and instantaneous orbits of electrons interacting with
laser beams being displaced in the radial direction is investigated.


title: Passage of a Bessel beam through a classically forbidden region

abstract:
  The motion of an electromagnetic wave, through a classically-forbidden
region, has recently attracted renewed interest because of its implication with
regard to the theoretical and experimental problems of superluminality. From an
experimental point of view, many papers provide an evidence of superluminality
in different physical systems. Theoretically, the problem of a passage through
a forbidden gap has been treated by considering plane waves at oblique
incidence into a plane parallel layer of a medium with a refractive index
smaller than the index of the surrounding medium, and also confined (Gaussian)
beams, still at oblique incidence. In the present paper the case of a Bessel
beam is examined, at normal incidence into the layer (Secs. II and III), in the
scalar approximation (Sec. IV) and by developing also a vectorial treatment
(Sec. V). Conclusions are reported in Sic. VI.


title: Space-Time Encoding

abstract:
  It is widely believed that one signal can carry maximum one bit of
information, and minimum KTlog2 energy is required to transmit or to erase a
bit. Here it is shown four bits of information can be transmitted by one signal
in four dimensional space-time. It implies space-time cannot be ignored to
determine the minimal energy cost of information processing.


title: Ion channel gating: a first passage time analysis of the Kramers type

abstract:
  The opening rate of voltage-gated potassium ion channels exhibits a
characteristic, knee-like turnover where the common exponential
voltage-dependence changes suddenly into a linear one. An explanation of this
puzzling crossover is put forward in terms of a stochastic first passage time
analysis. The theory predicts that the exponential voltage-dependence
correlates with the exponential distribution of closed residence times. This
feature occurs at large negative voltages when the channel is predominantly
closed. In contrast, the linear part of voltage-dependence emerges together
with a non-exponential distribution of closed dwelling times with increasing
voltage, yielding a large opening rate. Depending on the parameter set, the
closed-time distribution displays a power law behavior which extends over
several decades.


title: Rate of steady-state reconnection in an incompressible plasma

abstract:
  The reconnection rate is obtained for the simplest case of 2D symmetric
reconnection in an incompressible plasma. In the short note (Erkaev et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett.,84, 1455 (2000)), the reconnection rate is found by matching
the outer Petschek solution and the inner diffusion region solution. Here the
details of the numerical simulation of the diffusion region are presented and
the asymptotic procedure which is used for deriving the reconnection rate is
described. The reconnection rate is obtained as a decreasing function of the
diffusion region length. For a sufficiently large diffusion region scale, the
reconnection rate becomes close to that obtained in the Sweet-Parker solution
with the inverse square root dependence on the magnetic Reynolds number,
determined for the global size of the current sheet. On the other hand, for a
small diffusion region length scale, the reconnection rate turns out to be very
similar to that obtained in the Petschek model with a logarithmic dependence on
the magnetic Reynolds number. This means that the Petschek regime seems to be
possible only in the case of a strongly localized conductivity corresponding to
a small scale of the diffusion region.


title:
The Bates Linear Accelerator Transmitter Phase and Amplitude Monitoring
  System

abstract:
  The Bates Linear Accelerator uses six 4MW 2.856GHz RF transmitters. Phase
drifts between the transmitters 12 klystrons of greater than 0.5 degree or any
amplitude drifts compromise beam delivery and are a common occurrence. Machine
operators in years previous to the Phase and Amplitude Monitoring system "PAM"
were unable to tell which klystron was affecting beam and resorted to shifting
the phases of each klystron experimentally. The PAM system has proven itself as
a viable monitor, easing phase re-adjustment. PAM is comprised of off-the-shelf
RF amplitude and phase detectors, phase shifters, splitters, and VME hardware
under EPICS . The detected signals are amplified and matrixed to the control
room via an EPICS driven custom video switch, are sample/held, then digitized
by a VME 12bit ADC. Each of the 14 channels employ phase shifters and code that
can auto zero the displayed phase. Phase drift is then apparent. Amplitude
setpoints can also be auto zeroed with drift displayed as power deviations. To
ensure repeatability to less than 0.25 degree a continuous calibration
sequencer is employed that has been shown to measure phase drift independent of
amplitude shifts. Under investigation is the viability of 60Hz sourced and slow
phase feedback and correction.


title:
Rejuvenation of the Controls for the CERN PS/Isolde Facilty Using
  Industrial Components

abstract:
  In the context of the general consolidation of the CERN ISOLDE facility, a
project has been started to upgrade the ISOLDE control system. We describe the
new ISOLDE control system, emphasizing the systematic use of industrial
components such as PLCs and field buses, their integration with the existing,
VME based, CERN PS control system and their potential applicability to both
existing and new controls problems at the CERN PS complex. We also discuss how
to extend a PLC-based solution to the case where real-time response is an
issue.


title: Internal waves and synchronized precession in a cold vapor

abstract:
  Exchange in a Boltzmann gas of bosons with several internal states leads to
collective transport of internal polarization. The internal dynamics can be
understood as Larmor precession in the presence of a torque induced by atoms on
each other via exchange coupling. A generalized Bloch equation that includes
interatomic exchange effects as well as orbital motion in the gas is derived
and used to interpret recent experiment by Lewandowski et al. as an excitation
of a collective wave of internal state polarization. It is shown that exchange
leads to formation of domains in which precession frequencies are synchronized.


title: Tunneling time in the case of frustrated total reflection

abstract:
  The tunneling time is here investigated by means of an electromagnetic model,
for a system where a gap, between two parallel planes, acts as a
classically-forbidden region for an impinging pulse with incidence angle larger
than the critical angle. In all cases of frustrated total reflection we obtain
a superluminal behavior both for phase and group delays.


title:
An Automatic Validation System for Interferometry Density Measurements
  in the ENEA-FTU Tokamak Based on Soft- Computing

abstract:
  In this paper, an automatic sensor validation strategy for the measurements
of plasma line density in the ENEA-FTU tokamak is presented. Density
measurements are performed by a 5-channel DCN interferometer. The approach
proposed is based on the design of a neural model of the observed system., i.e.
a model able to emulate the behavior of a fault-free sensor and of a two-stage
fuzzy system able to detect the occurence of a fault by using a set of suitable
indicators. The fault diagnosis and classification is also accomplished. The
validation strategy has been implemented and embedded in an interactive
software tool installed at FTU. Statistics concerning the rate of fault
detection agree with the rate of uncertainty usually achieved in the post-pulse
manual validation.


title: Quantum Dynamics in Stochastic Mechanics

abstract:
  A study of the non-dissipative Brownian motion in vacuum is presented. The
noise source associated to the stochastic process assumed in this work is
vacuum fluctuations of some quantum field capable of interact with a massive
particle. For the associated Fokker-Planck equation we do a perturbation theory
which has terms presenting dynamics similar to that satisfied by the
probability amplitude in Quantum Theory even though the physical interpretation
be classical. In particular classical observables present expected values that
coincide with those calculated using Quantum Mechanics.


title: Kinematics on oblique axes

abstract:
  We solve a difficult problem involving velocity and acceleration components
along oblique axes, and propose two problems of central force motion to be
solved using oblique axes.


title:
Analytical calculation of the Peierls-Nabarro pinning barrier for
  one-dimensional parametric double-well models

abstract:
  Lattice effects on the kink families of two models for one-dimensional
nonlinear Klein-Gordon systems with double-well on-site potentials are
considered. The analytical expression of the generalized Peierls-Nabarro
pinning potential is obtained and confronted with numerical simulations.


title:
Distributed Can-Bus Based Beam Diagnostic System for Pulse Race-Track
  Microtron

abstract:
  Very compact 70 MeV pulse race-track microtron is under construction now. To
acquire outputs of beam-current transformers on every orbit and pulses of high
voltage and RF field a distributed multi-channel beam diagnostic system was
developed. Each acquisition controller consists of four fast differential
amplifiers and one DSP-based micro-controller with on-chip ADC and CAN-bus
controller. Each amplifier is coupled with beam-current transformer and has
bandwidth of up to 150MHz and gain of up to 10. One of four channels is
acquired during a measurement cycle. Another channel could be selected between
two following pulses. All the controllers are connected via optically coupled
CAN-bus with a host diskless PC running under Linux with the RTLinux extension.
Dedicated software of the system consists of low level acquisition software for
DSP, network software for controllers and host PC, application software for PC
to present date for operator and control system. Standard CAN application
layers were considered but refused because of the closed character of the whole
system and centralised synchronisation of the whole system. Dedicated software
of the system consists from low level acquisition software for DSP, network
software for controllers and host PC, application software for PC to present
date for operator and control system. Standard CAN application layers were
considered but refused because of closed character of the whole system and
centralised synchronisation of the whole system.


title: Channel Access Client Toolbox for Matlab

abstract:
  This paper reports on Matlab Channel Access (MCA) Toolbox Matlab [1]
interface to Epics Channel Access (CA) client library. We are developing the
toolbox for SPEAR3 accelerator controls but it is of general use for
accelerator and experimental physics applications programming. It is packaged
as Matlab toolbox to allow easy development of complex CA client applications
entirely in Matlab. The benefits include: the ability to calculate and display
parameters that use Epics process variables as inputs, availability of Matlab
graphics tools for user interface design, and integration with Matlab-based
accelerator modeling tool Matlab Accelerator Toolbox. Another purpose of this
paper is to propose a feasible path to a synergy between accelerator control
systems and accelerator simulation codes, the idea also known as on-line
accelerator model.


title: DNA hybridization to mismatched templates: a chip study

abstract:
  High-density oligonucleotide arrays are among the most rapidly expanding
technologies in biology today. In the {\sl GeneChip} system, the reconstruction
of the target concentration depends upon the differential signal generated from
hybridizing the target RNA to two nearly identical templates: a perfect match
(PM) and a single mismatch (MM) probe. It has been observed that a large
fraction of MM probes repeatably bind targets better than the PMs, against the
usual expectation from sequence-specific hybridization; this is difficult to
interpret in terms of the underlying physics. We examine this problem via a
statistical analysis of a large set of microarray experiments. We classify the
probes according to their signal to noise ($S/N$) ratio, defined as the
eccentricity of a (PM, MM) pair's `trajectory' across many experiments. Of
those probes having large $S/N$ ($>3$) only a fraction behave consistently with
the commonly assumed hybridization model. Our results imply that the physics of
DNA hybridization in microarrays is more complex than expected, and they
suggest new ways of constructing estimators for the target RNA concentration.


title: Upgrade of the SDL Control System

abstract:
  The Source Development Lab (SDL) at BNL consists of a 230 MeV electron linac
and a 10 m long wiggler for short wavelength Free Electronic Laser (FEL)
development. The original control system [1] was based on the one in use at the
National Synchrotron Light Source. In 2000 the control system was upgraded to
be based on EPICS to facilitate software interfaces for extensions at all
levels. The FEL began commissioning in May 2001. The upgraded control systems
have been stable, reliable and easy to operate. An overview of the control
systems, including for the linac, the waveform digitizer controls, video
system/image processing and radiation monitor/alarms will be presented.


title:
The Advanced Light Source Accelerator Control System at Ten Years from
  Commissioning

abstract:
  The Advanced Light Source was commissioned 10 years ago using the newly
constructed control system. Further experience with the control system was
reported in 1993. In this publication, we report on recent experience with the
operation and especially growth of the computer control system and expansion to
accommodate the new superconducting bend magnets and fast orbit feedback for
the ALS electron storage ring.


title: A Control System of the Joint-Project Accelerator Complex

abstract:
  The current status of the control system for a new high intensity proton
accelerator, the JAERI-KEK Joint Project, is presented. The Phase 1 of the
Joint-Project has been approved and recently started its construction at JAERI
site at Tokai. The first beam commissioning is scheduled in 2006. In parallel
with it, a 60-MeV Linac is now being constructed at KEK site at Tsukuba for R&D
purpose. Recently the Project has officially decided to use the Experimental
Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). Under the EPICS environment, we
are challenging to implement the Ethernet/IP network for all communication,
even at the level of end-point controllers which are so far connected via a
field bus. In order to realize such a system, three new controllers (PLCs,
WE7000 stations and general-purpose Ethernet boards) are being developed. A
prototype EPICS driver for the PLCs works fine and is used to control the
ion-source at the KEK Linac.


title:
Determination of Effective Permittivity and Permeability of
  Metamaterials from Reflection and Transmission Coefficients

abstract:
  We analyze the reflection and transmission coefficients calculated from
transfer matrix simulations on finite lenghts of electromagnetic metamaterials,
to determine the effective permittivity and permeability. We perform this
analysis on structures composed of periodic arrangements of wires, split ring
resonators (SRRs) and both wires and SRRs. We find the recovered
frequency-dependent permittivity and permeability are entirely consistent with
analytic expressions predicted by effective medium arguments. Of particular
relevance are that a wire medium exhibits a frequency region in which the real
part of permittivity is negative, and SRRs produce a frequency region in which
the real part of permeability is negative. In the combination structure, at
frequencies where both the recovered real part of permittivity and permeability
are simultaneously negative, the real part of the index-of-refraction is found
also to be unambigously negative.


title: The Cochlear Tuning Curve

abstract:
  The tuning curve of the cochlea measures how large an input is required to
elicit a given output level as a function of the frequency. It is a fundamental
object of auditory theory, for it summarizes how to infer what a sound was on
the basis of the cochlear output. A simple model is presented showing that only
two elements are sufficient for establishing the cochlear tuning curve: a
broadly tuned traveling wave, moving unidirectionally from high to low
frequencies, and a set of mechanosensors poised at the threshold of an
oscillatory (Hopf) instability. These two components suffice to generate the
various frequency-response regimes which are needed for a cochlear tuning curve
with a high slope.


title: Statistics of selectively neutral genetic variation

abstract:
  Random models of evolution are instrumental in extracting rates of
microscopic evolutionary mechanisms from empirical observations on genetic
variation in genome sequences. In this context it is necessary to know the
statistical properties of empirical observables (such as the local homozygosity
for instance). Previous work relies on numerical results or assumes Gaussian
approximations for the corresponding distributions. In this paper we give an
analytical derivation of the statistical properties of the local homozygosity
and other empirical observables assuming selective neutrality. We find that
such distributions can be very non-Gaussian.


title:
Quasilinear diffusion for the chaotic motion of a particle in a set of
  longitudinal waves

abstract:
  The rigorous analytical calculation of the diffusion coefficient is performed
for the chaotic motion of a particle in a set of longitudinal waves with random
phases and large amplitudes (~ A). A first step proves the existence of a
quasilinear diffusion on a time scale ~ A^{-2/3} \ln A. A second step uses this
property to extend the result to asymptotic times by introducing the
conditional probability distribution of position and velocity of an orbit at a
given time when they are known at a previous time.


title: Revis\~ao da Constru\c{c}\~ao de Modelos Supersim\'etricos

abstract:
  Foi com base neste estudo que fizemos a constru\c{c}\~ao da vers\~ao
supersim\'etrica dos modelos de simetria $SU(3)_{C} \otimes SU(3)_{L} \otimes
U(1)_{N}$ \cite{susy331}, apresentado no final da minha tese de doutorado
\cite{mcr1}. Bem como dos estudos fenomenol\'ogicos subsequente \cite{mcr}.


title: Insertion Device Controls at the Swiss Light Source

abstract:
  In the initial phase of the Swiss Light Source, four insertion devices will
be installed. The control system for all the ID's follows an uniform concept to
allow a rapid installation schedule, while at the same time allowing for a
variety in operational requirements. The components of the control system
include the gap drive system with encoders, temperature monitoring, beam
position monitoring, power supply controllers for corrector magnets [1] and a
timing module [2]. The gap drive system requirements range from micron-level
accuracy to driving double undulators in synchronism with each other and also
with the other beamline elements. The local synchronism is achieved with a
tightly coupled system having an intelligent motor controller and the global
synchronism by extending the machine timing distribution to the insertion
devices and the beamlines with the capability to add beamline-specific timing
events. [1] A.Luedeke et.al.,'Digital Power supplies for the Swiss Light
Source', these proceedings


title: Fast Electronics for the Dafne Transverse Feedback Systems

abstract:
  Transverse feedback systems for controlling the vertical coupled-bunch
instabilities in the positron and electron main rings are installed at DAFNE.
They started to be operative respectively from June and September 2000. For the
horizontal plane, similar systems have been installed in summer 2001 with less
kicker power. Design specifications and the basic system concepts are
presented. Real time bunch-by-bunch offset correction is implemented using
digital signal processors and dual-port RAM's. Fast analog to digital sampling
is performed at the maximum bunch frequency (368 MHz). The system manages at
full speed a continuous flow of 8-bits data and it has the capability to invert
the sign or put to zero the output for any combination of bunches. A conversion
from digital to analog produces the output correcting signal.


title: COSMIC - The SLAC COntrol System MIgration Challenge

abstract:
  The current SLC control system was designed and constructed over 20 years
ago. Many of the technologies on which it was based are obsolete and difficult
to maintain. The VMS system that forms the core of the Control System is still
robust but third party applications are almost non-existent and its long-term
future is in doubt. The need for a Control System at SLAC that can support
experiments for the foreseeable future is not in doubt. The present B-Factory
or PEPII experiment is projected to run at least 10 years. An FEL laser of
unprecedented intensity plus an ongoing series of fixed target experiments is
also in our future. The Next Linear Collider or NLC may also be in our future
although somewhat farther distant in time. The NLC has performance requirements
an order of magnitude greater than anything we have built to date. In addition
to large numbers of IOCs and process variables, Physicists would like to
archive everything all the time. This makes the NLC Control System a bit like a
detector system as well. The NLC Control System will also need the rich suite
of accelerator applications that are available with the current SLC Control
System plus many more that are now only a glimmer in the eyes of Accelerator
Physicists. How can we migrate gradually away from the current SLC Control
System towards a design that will scale to the NLC while keeping everything
operating smoothly for the ongoing experiments?


title: Searching for vortex structures in high Reynolds number turbulence

abstract:
  In experimental study of very high Reynolds number turbulence, we found
evidences that there are distinguished vortex structures in the intermediate
range, that is, between the Kolmogorov and Taylor microscales, where they are
indeed expected to be present. These structures are responsible for the
intermittency, and, in the same time, they contribute into asymmetry of
turbulent statistics, the latter following from the Kolmogorov law.


title: Euler potentials for the MHD Kamchatnov-Hopf soliton solution

abstract:
  In the MHD description of plasma phenomena the concept of magnetic helicity
turns out to be very useful. We present here an example of introducing Euler
potentials into a topological MHD soliton which has non-trivial helicity. The
MHD soliton solution (Kamchatnov, 1982) is based on the Hopf invariant of the
mapping of a 3D sphere into a 2D sphere; it can have arbitrary helicity
depending on control parameters. It is shown how to define Euler potentials
globally. The singular curve of the Euler potential plays the key role in
computing helicity. With the introduction of Euler potentials, the helicity can
be calculated as an integral over the surface bounded by this singular curve. A
special programme for visualization is worked out. Helicity coordinates are
introduced which can be useful for numerical simulations where helicity control
is needed.


title: Sympathetic Cooling with Two Atomic Species in an Optical Trap

abstract:
  We simultaneously trap ultracold lithium and cesium atoms in an optical
dipole trap formed by the focus of a CO$_2$ laser and study the exchange of
thermal energy between the gases. The cesium gas, which is optically cooled to
$20 \mu$K, efficiently decreases the temperature of the lithium gas through
sympathetic cooling. The measured cross section for thermalizing
$^{133}$Cs-$^7$Li collisions is $8 \times 10^{-12}$ cm$^2$, for both species in
their lowest hyperfine ground state. Besides thermalization, we observe
evaporation of lithium purely through elastic cesium-lithium collisions
(sympathetic evaporation).


title: PLD-Based Reconfigurable Controllers for Feedback Systems

abstract:
  Recently, interest has grown for application of reconfigurable devices in
robust and adaptive control systems. The main advantage of such devices is that
its structure is not fixed and may be varied depending on the currently used
control algorithm. In this paper a new PC-based reconfigurable microcontrollers
(RMC) are offered for Experimental Physics control systems.


title:
Effects of Bulk and Surface Conductivity on the Performance of CdZnTe
  Pixel Detectors

abstract:
  We studied the effects of bulk and surface conductivity on the performance of
high-resistivity CdZnTe (CZT) pixel detectors with Pt contacts. We emphasize
the difference in mechanisms of the bulk and surface conductivity as indicated
by their different temperature behaviors. In addition, the existence of a thin
(10-100 A) oxide layer on the surface of CZT, formed during the fabrication
process, affects both bulk and surface leakage currents. We demonstrate that
the measured I-V dependencies of bulk current can be explained by considering
the CZT detector as a metal-semiconductor-metal system with two back-to-back
Schottky-barrier contacts. The high surface leakage current is apparently due
to the presence of a low-resistivity surface layer that has characteristics
which differ considerably from those of the bulk material. This surface layer
has a profound effect on the charge collection efficiency in detectors with
multi-contact geometry; some fraction of the electric field lines originated on
the cathode intersects the surface areas between the pixel contacts where the
charge produced by an ionizing particle gets trapped. To overcome this effect
we place a grid of thin electrodes between the pixel contacts; when the grid is
negatively biased, the strong electric field in the gaps between the pixels
forces the electrons landing on the surface to move toward the contacts,
preventing the charge loss. We have investigated these effects by using CZT
pixel detectors indium bump bonded to a custom-built VLSI readout chip.


title:
Similarity transformations approach for a generalized Fokker-Planck
  equation

abstract:
  By using similarity transformations approach, the exact propagator for a
generalized one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation, with linear drift force and
space-time dependent diffusion coefficient, is obtained. The method is simple
and enables us to recover and generalize special cases studied through the Lie
algebraic approach and the Green function technique.


title:
An electromagnetic trinity from "negative permittivity" and "negative
  permeability"

abstract:
  An electromagnetic trinity comprising vacuum, anti--vacuum, and nihility is
postulated -- after making use of materials with "negative permittivity" and
"negative permeability" -- to illuminate the structure of electromagnetic
theory, at least insofar as the relationship of phase velocity with Poynting
vector is concerned.


title: On Perfect Lenses and Nihility

abstract:
  The canonical problem of a perfect lens with linear bianisotropic materials
is formulated. Its solution is shown to be directly connected with the concept
of nihility, the electromagnetic nilpotent. Perfect lenses as well as nihility
remain unrealizable.


title: The dynamical equation of the spinning electron

abstract:
  We obtain by invariance arguments the relativistic and non-relativistic
invariant dynamical equations of a classical model of a spinning electron. We
apply the formalism to a particular classical model which satisfies Dirac's
equation when quantised. It is shown that the dynamics can be described in
terms of the evolution of the point charge which satisfies a fourth order
differential equation or, alternatively, as a system of second order
differential equations by describing the evolution of both the center of mass
and center of charge of the particle. As an application of the found dynamical
equations, the Coulomb interaction between two spinning electrons is
considered. We find from the classical viewpoint that these spinning electrons
can form bound states under suitable initial conditions. Since the classical
Coulomb interaction of two spinless point electrons does not allow for the
existence of bound states, it is the spin structure that gives rise to new
physical phenomena not described in the spinless case. Perhaps the paper may be
interesting from the mathematical point of view but not from the point of view
of physics.


title: Is G a conversion factor or a fundamental unit?

abstract:
  By using fundamental units c, h, G as conversion factors one can easily
transform the dimensions of all observables. In particular one can make them
all ``geometrical'', or dimensionless. However this has no impact on the fact
that there are three fundamental units, G being one of them. Only experiment
can tell us whether G is basically fundamental.


title: A Model of Sequence Dependent Protein Diffusion Along Dna

abstract:
  We introduce a probabilistic model for protein sliding motion along DNA
during the search of a target sequence. The model accounts for possible effects
due to sequence-dependent interaction between the nonspecific DNA and the
protein. As an example, we focus on T7 RNA-polymerase and exploit the available
information about its interaction at the promoter site in order to investigate
the influence of bacteriophage T7 DNA sequence on the dynamics of the sliding
process. Hydrogen bonds in the major groove are used as the main
sequence-dependent interaction between RNA-polymerase and DNA. The resulting
dynamical properties and the possibility of an experimental verification are
discussed in details. We show that, while at large times the process reaches a
pure diffusive regime, it initially displays a sub-diffusive behavior. The
subdiffusive regime can lasts sufficiently long to be of biological interest.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft q-bio.BM q-bio.QM


title: Dynamics of immersed molecules in superfluids

abstract:
  The dynamics of a molecule immersed in a superfluid medium are considered.
Results are derived using a classical hydrodynamic approach followed by
canonical quantization. The classical model, a rigid body immersed in
incompressible fluid, permits a thorough analysis; its effective Hamiltonian
generalizes the usual rigid-rotor Hamiltonian. In contrast to the free rigid
rotor, the immersed body is shown to have chaotic dynamics. Quantization of the
classical model leads to new and experimentally verifiable features. It is
shown, for instance, that chiral molecules can behave as "quantum propellers":
the rotational-translational coupling induced by the superfluid leads to a
nonzero linear momentum in the ground state. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong
candidate for experimental detection of this effect. The signature is a
characteristic splitting of rotational absorption lines. The 1_{01} --> 1_{10}
line in hydrogen peroxide, for example, is predicted to split into three lines
separated by as much as 0.01 cm^{-1}, which is about the experimental
linewidth.


title: What is the optimal anthropoid primate diet?

abstract:
  Following Socrates' advice "You should learn all you can from those who know.
Everyone should watch himself throughout his life, and notice what sort of meat
and drink and what form of exercise suit his constitution, and he should
regulate them in order to enjoy good health." Based on biological, chemical and
physical considerations I have attempted to synthesize guide lines for an
optimal diet from the vast literature. For an offshoot of the primate line it
may be wise not to stray too far from the line's surprisingly uniform
predominantly frugi- and herbi-vorous diet that is only lightly supplemented by
hunted small mammals, eggs, nuts, insects, etc. By dry weight raw wild fruit
contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates, digested and undigested fiber in the
approximate proportions 5 : 7 : 14 : 17 : 17. The fat component contains both
essential fatty acids, about 23% linoleic and 16% alpha-linolenic, the latter
severely lacking in Western diets. The practical problem is how to as best as
possible, but not religiously, approximate this diet with super-market items.


title:
Classical collisional trajectories as the source of strong-field double
  ionization of helium in the knee regime

abstract:
  In this paper, a quasistatic model is extended to describe the double
ionization of Helium in intense linearly polarized field, yielding achieve an
insight to the two-electron correlation effect in the ionization dynamics. Our
numerical calculations reproduce the excessive double ionization and the
photoelectron spectra observed experimentally both quantitatively and
qualitatively. Moreover, it is shown that the classical collisional
trajectories are the main source of the double ionization in the knee regime
and responsible for the unusual angular distribution of the photoelectrons.


title: Comparative study of metal cluster fission in Hartree-Fock and LDA

abstract:
  Fission of doubly charged metal clusters is studied using the open-shell
two-center deformed jellium Hartree-Fock model and Local Density Approximation.
Results of calculations of the electronic structure and fission barriers for
the symmetric and asymmetric channels associated with the following processes
Na_{10}^{2+} --> Na_{7}^{+} + Na_{3}^{+}, Na_{18}^{2+} --> Na_{15}^{+} +
Na_{3}^{+} and Na_{18}^{2+} --> 2 Na_{9}^{+} are presented. The role of the
exact exchange and many-body correlation effects in metal clusters fission is
analysed. It is demonstrated that the influence of many-electron correlation
effects on the height of the fission barrier is more profound if the barrier
arises nearby or beyond the scission point. The importance of cluster
deformation effects in the fission process is elucidated with the use of the
overlapping-spheroids shape parametrization allowing one an independent
variation of deformations in the parent and daughter clusters.


title: New Approach to Nonlinear Dynamics of Fullerenes and Fullerites

abstract:
  New type of nonlinear (anharmonic) excitations -- bushes of vibrational modes
-- in physical systems with point or space symmetry are discussed. All infrared
active and Raman active bushes for C60 fulerene are found by means of special
group-theoretical methods.


title:
Sporadic electron jets from cathodes - The main breakdown-triggering
  mechanism in gaseous detectors

abstract:
  We have demonstrated experimentally that the main breakdown-triggering
mechanism in most gaseous detectors, including micropattern gaseous detectors,
is sporadic electron jets from the cathode surfaces.
  Depending on conditions, each jet contains randomly from a few primary
electrons up to 10^5, emitted in a time interval ranging between 0.1
microsecond to milliseconds. After the emission, these primary electrons
experience a full gas multiplication in the detector and create spurious
pulses.
  The rate of these jets increases with applied voltage and very sharply at
voltages close to the breakdown limit. We found that these jets are in our
measurements responsible for the breakdown-triggering at any counting rate
between 10^(-2) Hz/mm^2 and 10^8 Hz/mm^2. We demonstrated on a few detectors
that an optimized cathode-geometry, a high electrode surface quality and a
proper choice of the gas mixture, considerably improve the performance
characteristics and provide the highest possible gains.


title: A 1 W injection locked cw titanium:sapphire laser

abstract:
  We report an injection-locked cw titanium:sapphire ring laser at 846 nm. It
produces 1.00 W in a single frequency when pumped with 5.5 W. Single frequency
operation requires only a few milliwatts of injected power.


title:
Efficient method for simulating quantum electron dynamics under the time
  dependent Kohn-Sham equation

abstract:
  A numerical scheme for solving the time-evolution of wave functions under the
time dependent Kohn-Sham equation has been developed. Since the effective
Hamiltonian depends on the wave functions, the wave functions and the effective
Hamiltonian should evolve consistently with each other. For this purpose, a
self-consistent loop is required at every time-step for solving the
time-evolution numerically, which is computationally expensive. However, in
this paper, we develop a different approach expressing a formal solution of the
TD-KS equation, and prove that it is possible to solve the TD-KS equation
efficiently and accurately by means of a simple numerical scheme without the
use of any self-consistent loops.

categories: physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.atm-clus physics.chem-ph


title: J-matrix method of scattering in any L2 basis

abstract:
  The restriction imposed on the J-matrix method of using specific L2 bases is
lifted without compromising any of the advantages that it offers. This opens
the door to a wider range of application of the method to physical problems
beyond the restrictive SO(2,1) dynamical symmetry. The numerical scheme
developed to achieve this objective projects the J-matrix formalism in terms of
the eigenvalues of a finite Hamiltonian matrix and its submatrices in any
convenient L2 basis. Numerical stability and convergence of the original
analytic J-matrix method is still maintained in the proposed scheme, which can
be applied to multi-channel nonrelativistic as well as relativistic scattering
problems.


title: The Theory of vacuum and some practical results

abstract:
  Vacuum, where matter exists is an objective reality of Nature. It has a
structure consists of electrical massless dipoles. This structure is
responsible for gravitation, inertia and propagation of light. The structure
can be influenced by the electrical, magnetic forces and by radiation and thus
control the gravitation and inertia.


title: Deuterium burning in Jupiter interior

abstract:
  We show that moderate deviations from the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy
distribution can increase deuterium reaction rates enough to contribute to the
heating of Jupiter. These deviations are compatible with the violation of
extensivity expected from temperature and density conditions inside Jupiter.


title:
Correlated electron emission in laser-induced nonsequence double
  ionization of Helium

abstract:
  In this paper, we have investigated the correlated electron emission of the
nonsequence double ionization (NSDI) in an intense linearly polarized field.
The theoretical model we employed is the semiclassical rescattering model, the
model atom we used is the helium. We find a significant correlation between
magnitude and direction of the momentum of two emission electrons, and give a
good explanation for this striking phenomenon by observing the classical
collisional trajectories. We argue that this correlation phenomenon is
universal in NSDI process, as revealed by the recent experiment on the argon.


title: Causality, Symmetries, and Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  It is argued that there is no evidence for causality as a metaphysical
relation in quantum phenomena. The assumption that there are no causal laws,
but only probabilities for physical processes constrained by symmetries, leads
naturally to quantum mechanics. In particular, an argument is made for why
there are probability amplitudes that are complex numbers, which obey the Born
rule for quantum probabilities. This argument generalizes the Feynman path
integral formulation of quantum mechanics to include all possible actions that
are allowed by symmetries, but only the lowest order terms are observable at
the presently accessible energy scales. The notion of relational reality is
introduced in order to give physical meaning to probabilities. This appears to
give rise to a new interpretation of quantum mechanics.


title: Atomic diffraction from nanostructured optical potentials

abstract:
  We develop a versatile theoretical approach to the study of cold-atom
diffractive scattering from light-field gratings by combining calculations of
the optical near-field, generated by evanescent waves close to the surface of
periodic nanostructured arrays, together with advanced atom wavepacket
propagation on this optical potential.


title:
Fragmentation of positively charged metal clusters in stabilized jellium
  model with self-compression

abstract:
  Using the stabilized jellium model with self-compression, we have calculated
the dissociation energies and the barrier heights for the binary fragmentation
of charged silver clusters. At each step of calculations, we have used the
relaxed-state sizes and energies of the clusters. The results for the doubly
charged Ag clusters predict a critical size, at which evaporation dominates the
fission, in good agreement with the experiment. Comparing the dissociation
energies and the fission barrier heights with the experimental ones, we
conclude that in the experiments the fragmentation occurs before the full
structural relaxation expected after the ionization of the cluster. In the
decays of Ag$_N^{4+}$ clusters, the results predict that the charge-symmetric
fission processes are dominant for smaller clusters, and the charge-asymmetric
fission processes become dominant for sufficiently larger clusters.


title:
Fluctuations in the Gravitational, Strong and Weak Nuclear Fields
  through an Effective Harmonic Oscillator Model

abstract:
  We propose an effective harmonic oscillator model in order to treat the
fluctuations of the gravitational, strong and weak nuclear fields. With respect
to the gravitational field, first we use the model to estimate its fluctuating
strength, necessary to decohere the wavefunction of a cubic centimeter of air
at the standard temperature and pressure conditions. Second, the fluctuation of
a point mass through a distance equal to the Planck length leads to the
self-gravitational interaction of a particle, which can be related to its de
Broglie frequency. Third, by making the equality of the fluctuating field
strength with the gravitational field of a mass M at half of its Schwarzschild
radius, we obtain an estimate of the mass of the Universe. We also consider the
fluctuations of the strong nuclear field, as a means to estimate the separation
in energy between the ground state and the centroid of the excitated states of
the nucleon. Finally, taking into account the neutron-proton mass difference,
we use the fluctuations of the weak nuclear field in order to evaluate the weak
coupling constant.


title: Quasilinearization approach to quantum mechanics

abstract:
  The quasilinearization method (QLM) of solving nonlinear differential
equations is applied to the quantum mechanics by casting the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation in the nonlinear Riccati form. The method, whose mathematical basis in
physics was discussed recently by one of the present authors (VBM), approaches
the solution of a nonlinear differential equation by approximating the
nonlinear terms by a sequence of the linear ones, and is not based on the
existence of some kind of a small parameter. It is shown that the
quasilinearization method gives excellent results when applied to computation
of ground and excited bound state energies and wave functions for a variety of
the potentials in quantum mechanics most of which are not treatable with the
help of the perturbation theory or the 1/N expansion scheme. The convergence of
the QLM expansion of both energies and wave functions for all states is very
fast and already the first few iterations yield extremely precise results. The
precison of the wave function is typically only one digit inferior to that of
the energy. In addition it is verified that the QLM approximations, unlike the
asymptotic series in the perturbation theory and the 1/N expansions are not
divergent at higher orders.


title:
The Object Oriented Approach to Machine Physics Calculations with Java
  Technology

abstract:
  At least as much time is spent solving problems addressed by application
support as with actual interaction with the control system, if it is not
factored into separate libraries but is coded by each programmer time and time
again. Our Java libraries, called Abeans, address these issues in a
communication platform independent way. Abeans perform connection management,
error and timeout handling, logging, reporting, authentication, resource
initialization and destruction, policy and configuration management, etc.
Abeans also hide the communication details from the programmer and combine with
CosyBeans, our GUI Java components, to form SCADA-like control panels. They are
successfully used in such different environments such as a synchrotron light
source (ANKA, Germany), an e-p collider complex (DESY, Germany), proton
cyclotron (Riken, Japan) and a radio telescope (ESO, Germany).
  The Java library DataBush has a similar function for machine physics
programs. The object oriented design of the library gives programmer intuitive
access to devices and elements relevant to machine physics. For example, a
non-visual Java Bean represents a magnet with its relevant machine physics
parameters. Access to the control system is provided transparently with Abeans
in communication platform independent way. Error diagnostics and event handling
is part of the Abeans and DataBush framework. By default DataBush receives new
data and performs linear optics calculation of machine functions with a one
second heartbeat.


title: A Guerilla Approach to Control System Development

abstract:
  We present our experiences in managing the development cycles of the control
systems for ANKA and the ALMA Common Software. Our team consists practically
only of undergraduate students. Stimulating and rewarding the students with
cutting-edge technologies and travel to conferences like this and installation
fieldwork are an important positive factor in raising their motivation.
However, building any system with a group of inexperienced students is quite a
challenging task. Many problems occur with planning deadlines and missing them,
organizing and managing development, sources, and documentation and also when
dealing with conventional program management rules. To cope with them, we use
many tools: CVS for versioning and source archiving, Bugzilla for keeping our
bugs in order, a to-do list for managing tasks, an activity log and also many
other programs and scripts, some found on the Internet and some made by
ourselves. In the end, we had to become organized like a professional company.
Documentation and demos can be found on our homepage: http://kgb.ijs.si/KGB.
Because of powerful intranet/web front-ends of all those tools, our Internet
pages are the central resource for developers, who work mostly off-site.


title: Two Extended New Approaches to Vacuum, Matter and Fields

abstract:
  There are unsolved problems in physics leading to difficulties with Maxwell
equations that are not removed by and not directly associated with quantum
mechanics. Recently a number of extended and modified theories have therefore
been put forward. The two theories by the authors (AK and BL) are related to
this state. The first theory consists of a revised formulation of
electromagnetics with an electric vacuum charge density (BL), and the second is
a unified theory of Bivacuum, matter and fields (AK). In the first theory by BL
a space-charge current density arises from the condition of Lorentz invariance,
in addition to the conventional displacement current. The electron charge is
deduced from the theory, and it deviates by only one percent from its
experimental value. Two individual photon models are further investigated.
  In the second theory by AK a Bivacuum model is a consequence of development
of Dirac theory, pointing to equal probability of positive and negative energy.
The dynamic mechanism of [corpuscle (C) - wave (W)] duality is proposed. It
unifies the extended relativity and QM. For details see:
http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0003001. The theories of BL and AK reinforce each
other, by having several points in common. There are the similarities with the
Dirac theory, symmetry with respect to the concepts of matter and antimatter,
the non-appearance of magnetic monopoles, a space- charge vacuum current in
addition to the displacement current, models of the leptons having an internal
vortex-like structure and force balance, photon models with a small but nonzero
rest mass and a slightly reduced velocity of propagation, and particle-wave
properties, explaining self-interference even of single electrons or photons.


title:
Toward a structural understanding of turbulent drag reduction: nonlinear
  coherent states in viscoelastic shear flows

abstract:
  Nontrivial steady flows have recently been found that capture the main
structures of the turbulent buffer layer. We study the effects of polymer
addition on these "exact coherent states" (ECS) in plane Couette flow. Despite
the simplicity of the ECS flows, these effects closely mirror those observed
experimentally: Structures shift to larger length scales, wall-normal
fluctuations are suppressed while streamwise ones are enhanced, and drag is
reduced. The mechanism underlying these effects is elucidated. These results
suggest that the ECS are closely related to buffer layer turbulence.


title: DNA Sequence Evolution with Neighbor-Dependent Mutation

abstract:
  We introduce a model of DNA sequence evolution which can account for biases
in mutation rates that depend on the identity of the neighboring bases. An
analytic solution for this class of non-equilibrium models is developed by
adopting well-known methods of nonlinear dynamics. Results are presented for
the CpG-methylation-deamination process which dominates point substitutions in
vertebrates. The dinucleotide frequencies generated by the model (using
empirically obtained mutation rates) match the overall pattern observed in
non-coding DNA. A web-based tool has been constructed to compute single- and
dinucleotide frequencies for arbitrary neighbor-dependent mutation rates.
Alsoprovided is the backward procedure to infer the mutation rates using
maximum likelihood analysis given the observed single- and dinucleotide
frequencies. Reasonable estimates of the mutation rates can be obtained very
efficiently, using generic non-coding DNA sequences as input, after masking
outlong homonucleotide subsequences. Our method is much more convenient and
versatile to use than the traditional method of deducing mutation rates by
counting mutation events in carefully chosen sequences. More generally, our
approach provides a more realistic but still tractable description of
non-coding genomic DNA, and may be used as a null model for various sequence
analysis applications.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.comp-ph q-bio.GN


title:
Instrumentation, Field Network and Process Automation for the Cryogenic
  System of the LHC Test String

abstract:
  CERN is now setting up String 2, a full-size prototype of a regular cell of
the LHC arc. It is composed of two quadrupole, six dipole magnets, and a
separate cryogenic distribution line (QRL) for the supply and recovery of the
cryogen. An electrical feed box (DFB), with up to 38 High Temperature
Superconducting (HTS) leads, powers the magnets. About 700 sensors and
actuators are distributed along four Profibus DP and two Profibus PA field
buses. The process automation is handled by two controllers, running 126 Closed
Control Loops (CCL). This paper describes the cryogenic control system,
associated instrumentation, and their commissioning.


title: What does the correlation dimension of the human heart rate measure?

abstract:
  It is shown that in the case of human heart rate, the scaling behaviour of
the correlation sum (calculated by the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm) is a
result of the interplay of various factors: finite resolution of the apparatus
(finite-size effects), a wide dynamic range of mean heart rate, the amplitude
of short-time variability being a decreasing function of the mean heart rate.
The value of the scaling exponent depends on all these factors and is a certain
measure of short-time variability of the signal.


title:
Optical Diffraction-Transition Radiation Interferometry and its
  Application to the Measurement of Beam Divergence

abstract:
  Optical transition radiation interferometry (OTRI) has been shown to be a
very useful technique to measure the divergence of electron beams with energies
in the range of 15-100 MeV. However, application of this method to low energy
or very high quality beams is limited by scattering in the front foil of the
interferometer. To overcome this limitation we propose to use a perforated
front foil. For the beam energy and hole sizes we are considering, the
unscattered beam electrons passing through the holes will produce diffraction
radiation (ODR). The total radiation produced from the first and second foils
then will be a spatially coherent sum of ODR and OTR from unscattered and
scattered electrons. By controlling the number and size of the perforations,
the inter-foil spacing, the thickness of the first foil and the wavelength and
band pass of the observed radiation, the coherent interferences due to the
unscattered portion of the beam can be isolated and observed. The visibility of
these interferences can then be used to determine the rms beam divergence. We
have developed a general computer code which can be used to calculate
diffraction radiation from any type of perforation and another code to compute
the ODR-OTR interference pattern for a given set of beam and optical
parameters. These codes are employed in the design of an interferometer to
measure the divergence of the ATF accelerator operating at 30 MeV. This beam
will be used in an initial proof of principle experiment for the ODR-OTR
interferometer. We present the results of our code calculations which show that
the expected divergence, 200 micro radians, can be easily measured.


title: Physics of the Observable. Mechanics

abstract:
  Mechanics can be founded in a principle stating the uncertainty in the
position of an observable particle delta-q as a function of its motion relative
to the observer, expressed in a trajectory representation . From this
principle, p.delta-q=const., being p the q-conjugated momentum, mechanical laws
are derived and the meaning of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions are
discussed. The connection between the presented principle and Hamilton's Least
Action Principle is examined.
  For a particle hidden from direct observation, the position uncertainty is
determined by the enclosing boundaries, and is, thus, disengaged from its
momentum. Heat, as a non-mechanical magnitude, stem from this fact, and
thermodynamical magnitudes have direct expression in the presented formalism.
  It is finally shown that in terms of Information Theory, mechanical laws have
simple interpretation. Kinetic and potential energies are expressions of the
information on momentum and position respectively, and the law of conservation
of energy expresses the absence of information exchange in mechanical
interactions.


title:
Hadron spectra from a non-relativistic model with confining harmonic
  potential

abstract:
  Hadron spectra and other properties of quark systems are studied in the
framework of a non-relativistic spin-independent phenomenological model. The
chosen confining potential is harmonic, which allowed us to obtain analytical
solutions for both meson and baryon (of equal constituent quarks) spectra. The
introduced parameters are fixed from the low-lying levels of heavy quark
mesons. The requirement of flavor independence is imposed, and it restricts the
possible choices of inter-quark potentials. The hyper-spherical coordinates are
considered for the solution of the three-body problem.


title:
Reevaluation of the role of nuclear uncertainties in experiments on
  atomic parity violation with isotopic chains

abstract:
  In light of new data on neutron distributions from experiments with
antiprotonic atoms [ Trzcinska {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082501
(2001)], we reexamine the role of nuclear-structure uncertainties in the
interpretation of measurements of parity violation in atoms using chains of
isotopes of the same element. With these new nuclear data, we find an
improvement in the sensitivity of isotopic chain measurements to ``new
physics'' beyond the standard model. We compare possible constraints on ``new
physics'' with the most accurate to date single-isotope probe of parity
violation in the Cs atom. We conclude that presently isotopic chain experiments
employing atoms with nuclear charges Z < 50 may result in more accurate tests
of the weak interaction.


title:
A counter-example to Bell's theorem with a softened singularity and a
  critical remark to the implicit demand that physical signals may not travel
  faster than light

abstract:
  In the present paper a counter-example to Bell's theorem is given which is
based on common probability densities as standard normal (Gaussian) and uniform
probability densities. The reason for violating the Bell inequalities lies in
the 'softening' of functions similar to the Dirac delta such that they can be
'hidden' inside a sign function. In addtition, the related demand that that
physical signals may not travel faster than light is discussed with the
FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction factor.


title: Introduction of Modern Subsystems at the KEK Injector-linac

abstract:
  As an accelerator control system survives over several years, it is often the
case that new subsystems are introduced into the original control system. The
control system for the KEK electron/positron injector-linac has been using Unix
workstations and VME computers since 1993. During the eight-year operation, we
extended the system by introducing a) Windows PCs, b) PLC controllers with a
network interface, and c) web servers based on modern information technology.
Although such new subsystems are essential to improve control functionalities,
they often cause communication problems with the original control system. We
discuss the experienced problems, and present our solutions for them.


title: Structure and properties of small sodium clusters

abstract:
  We have investigated structure and properties of small metal clusters using
all-electron ab initio theoretical methods based on the Hartree-Fock
approximation and density functional theory, perturbation theory and compared
results of our calculations with the available experimental data and the
results of other theoretical works. We have systematically calculated the
optimized geometries of neutral and singly charged sodium clusters having up to
20 atoms, their multipole moments (dipole and quadrupole), static
polarizabilities, binding energies per atom, ionization potentials and
frequencies of normal vibration modes. Our calculations demonstrate the great
role of many-electron correlations in the formation of electronic and ionic
structure of small metal clusters and form a good basis for further detailed
study of their dynamic properties, as well as structure and properties of other
atomic cluster systems.


title: On the Selection and Evolution of Regulatory DNA Motifs

abstract:
  The mutation and selection of regulatory DNA sequences is presented as an
ideal model system of molecular evolution where genotype, phenotype, and
fitness can be explicitly and independently characterized. In this theoretical
study, we construct an explicit model for the evolution of regulatory
sequences, making use of the known biophysics of the binding of regulatory
proteins to DNA sequences, under the assumption that fitness of a sequence
depends only on its binding affinity to the regulatory protein. The model is
confined to the mean field (i.e., infinite population size) limit. Using
realistic values for all parameters, we determine the minimum fitness advantage
needed to maintain a binding sequence, demonstrating explicitly the ``error
threshold'' below which a binding sequence cannot survive the accumulated
effect of mutation over long time. The commonly observed ``fuzziness'' in
binding motifs arises naturally as a consequence of the balance between
selection and mutation in our model. In addition, we devise a simple model for
the evolution of multiple binding sequences in a given regulatory region. We
find the number of evolutionarily stable binding sequences to increase in a
step-like fashion with increasing fitness advantage, if multiple regulatory
proteins can synergistically enhance gene transcription. We discuss possible
experimental approaches to resolve open questions raised by our study.


title: Scaling Properties of Fluctuations in Human Electroencephalogram

abstract:
  The fluctuation properties of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) time
series are studied using detrended fluctuation analysis. For all 128 channels
in each of 18 subjects studied, it is found that the standard deviation of the
fluctuations exhibits scaling behaviors in two regions. Topographical plots of
the scaling exponents reveal the spatial structure of the nonlinear electrical
activities recorded on the scalp. Moment analyses are performed to extract the
gross features of all the scaling exponents. The correlation between the two
scaling exponents in each channel is also examined. It is found that two
indices can characterize the overall properties of the fluctuation behaviors of
the brain dynamics for every subject and that they vary widely across the
subjects.


title: Excitation of Resonators by Electron Beams

abstract:
  Elements of a vector theory of open resonators and experiments on excitation
of a fundamental mode with transverse and longitudinal polarization in such
resonators are discussed.


title: Active Vibration Suppression R&D for the NLC

abstract:
  The nanometer scale beam sizes at the interaction point in linear colliders
limit the allowable motion of the final focus magnets. We have constructed a
prototype system to investigate the use of active vibration damping to control
magnet motion. Inertial sensors are used to measure the position of a test
mass, and a DSP based system provides feedback using electrostatic pushers.
Simulation and experimental results for the control of a mechanically simple
system are presented.


title:
Orbit Feedback using X-ray Beam Position Monitoring at the Advanced
  Photon Source

abstract:
  The Advanced Photon Source (APS) was commissioned in 1995 as a
third-generation x-ray user facility. At that time orbit control was performed
exclusively with broadband rf beam position monitors (BPMs). Since then,
emphasis has been placed on incorporating x-ray beam position monitors into the
orbit control algorithms. This has resulted in an order of magnitude
improvement in long-term beam stability vertically, using x-ray BPMs (X-BPMs)
on bending magnet beamlines. Additional processing will allow similar
improvements horizontally, once systematic effects associated with variable
insertion device (ID) x-ray beams are properly compensated. Progress to date
and upgrade plans will be presented, with an emphasis on the details of the
required digital signal processing.


title:
Quantum Multiple Scattering: Eigenmode Expansion and Its Applications to
  Proximity Resonance

abstract:
  We show that for a general system of N s-wave point scatterers, there are
always N eigenmodes. These eigenmodes or eigenchannels play the same role as
spherical harmonics for a spherically symmetric target--they give a phase shift
only. In other words, the T matrix of the system is of rank N and the
eigenmodes are eigenvectors corresponding to non-0 eigenvalues of the T matrix.
The eigenmode expansion approach can give insight to the total scattering cross
section; the position, width, and superradiant or subradiant nature of
resonance peaks; the unsymmetric Fano lineshape of sharp proximity resonance
peaks based on the high energy tail of a broad band; and other properties.
Off-resonant eigenmodes for identical proximate scatterers are approximately
angular momentum eigenstates.


title: Dynamics of market indices, Markov chains, and random walking problem

abstract:
  Dynamics of the major USA market indices DJIA, S&P, Nasdaq, and NYSE is
analyzed from the point of view of the random walking problem with two-step
correlations of the market moves. The parameters characterizing the stochastic
dynamics are determined empirically from the historical quotes for the daily,
weekly, and monthly series. The results show existence of statistically
significant correlations between the subsequent market moves. The weekly and
monthly parameters are calculated in terms of the daily parameters, assuming
that the Markov chains with two-step correlations give a complete description
of the market stochastic dynamics. We show that the macro- and micro-parameters
obey the renorm group equation. The comparison of the parameters determined
from the renorm group equation with the historical values shows that the Markov
chains approach gives reasonable predictions for the weekly quotes and
underestimates the probability for continuation of the down trend in the
monthly quotes. The return and its dispersion for the "buy-and-hold" and
"follow-trend" strategies are calculated. The problem of how to combine these
two strategies to reduce the dispersion is discussed and its analytical
solution is proposed. The results of the constructing a "computer-based"
strategy which combines the series analysis with the candlesticks charting
techniques are reported.


title: Statistical inference and modeling with the S distribution

abstract:
  We consider the problem of statistical inference for the S distribution and
introduce new minimum distance estimators for the four parameters of the S
distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises and related distance
metrics. Approximate goodness-of-fit and confidence intervals for parameters
are calculated using bootstrap methods. We discuss further how the S
distribution can be used to solve various problems of statistical modeling
associated with parameter inference, including goodness-of-fit tests, Monte
Carlo simulations and modeling trends in the distributions.


title:
Phenomenological approach to profile impact of scientific research:
  Citation Mining

abstract:
  In this paper we present a phenomenological approach to describe a complex
system: scientific research impact through Citation Mining. The novel concept
of Citation Mining, a combination of citation bibliometrics and text mining, is
used for the phenomenological description. Citation Mining starts with a group
of core papers whose impact is to be examined, retrieves the papers that cite
these core papers, and then analyzes the technical infrastructure (authors,
jorunals, institutions) of the citing papers as well as their thematic
characteristics.


title: The zero point field in low light level experiments

abstract:
  The existence of the zero point electromagnetic field in the dark is a
trivial property of classical electromagnetism. Splitting the total, genuine
electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point
field is physically meaningless. If a receiver attenuates the genuine field
down to a zero conventional field, it remains a zero point field having the
coherence and the phase of the conventional field, and vice-versa for the
amplification of the zero point field by a source.
  Nonlinear optical effects must be written using the genuine field, so that at
low light levels they become linear in relation to the conventional field. The
result of the interpretation of all observations, even at low light levels, is
exactly the same in quantum electrodynamics and in the semi-classical theory.
  The zero point field is stochastic only far from the sources and the
receivers; elsewhere, it is shaped by matter, it may be studied through fields
visible before an absorption or after an amplification.
  Two examples are given : the computation of fourth order interferences and
the use of the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering with ordinary incoherent
light in astrophysics.


title: Front-End electronics configuration system for CMS

abstract:
  The four LHC experiments at CERN have decided to use a commercial SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) product for the supervision of their
DCS (Detector Control System). The selected SCADA, which is therefore used for
the CMS DCS, is PVSS II from the company ETM. This SCADA has its own database,
which is suitable for storing conventional controls data such as voltages,
temperatures and pressures. In addition, calibration data and FE (Front-End)
electronics configuration need to be stored. The amount of these data is too
large to be stored in the SCADA database [1]. Therefore an external database
will be used for managing such data. However, this database should be
completely integrated into the SCADA framework, it should be accessible from
the SCADA and the SCADA features, e.g. alarming, logging should be benefited
from. For prototyping, Oracle 8i was selected as the external database manager.
The development of the control system for calibration constants and FE
electronics configuration has been done in close collaboration with the CMS
tracker group and JCOP (Joint COntrols Project)(1).
  (1)The four LHC experiments and the CERN IT/CO group has merged their efforts
to build the experiments controls systems and set up the JCOP at the end of
December, 1997 for this purpose.


title: Scattering length of the ground state Mg+Mg collision

abstract:
  We have constructed the X 1SIGMAg+ potential for the collision between two
ground state Mg atoms and analyzed the effect of uncertainties in the shape of
the potential on scattering properties at ultra-cold temperatures. This
potential reproduces the experimental term values to 0.2 inverse cm and has a
scattering length of +1.4(5) nm where the error is prodominantly due to the
uncertainty in the dissociation energy and the C6 dispersion coefficient. A
positive sign of the scattering length suggests that a Bose-Einstein condensate
of ground state Mg atoms is stable.


title: Management of a Large Distributed Control System Development Project

abstract:
  Building an accelerator at six geographically dispersed sites is quite mad,
but politically expedient. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under
construction in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, combines a pulsed 1 Gev H-
superconducting linac with a compressor ring to deliver 2MW of beam power to a
liquid mercury target for neutron production [1]. Accelerator components,
target and experimental (neutron-scattering) instruments are being developed
collaboratively by Lawrence Berkeley (Ion Source and Front End), Los Alamos
(Linac), Thomas Jefferson (Cryosystems), Brookhaven (Compressor Ring), Oak
Ridge (Target and Conventional Facilities) and Argonne (Neutron Scattering
Instruments) National Laboratories. Similarly, a team distributed among all of
the participating laboratories is developing the EPICS-based control system.
This paper discusses the management model and strategies being used to address
the unusual issues of organization, communication, standardization, integration
and hand-off inherent in this widely-distributed project.


title:
A useful form of the recurrence relation between relativistic atomic
  matrix elements of radial powers

abstract:
  Recently obtained recurrence formulae for relativistic hydrogenic radial
matrix elements are cast in a simpler and perhaps more useful form. This is
achieved with the help of a new relation between the $r^a$ and the $\beta r^b$
terms ($\beta$ is a $4\times 4$ Dirac matrix and $a, b$ are constants) in the
atomic matrix elements.


title:
Density functional study of Au$_n$ (n=2-20) clusters: lowest-energy
  structures and electronic properties

abstract:
  We have investigated the lowest-energy structures and electronic properties
of the Au$_n$(n=2-20) clusters based on density functional theory (DFT) with
local density approximation. The small Au$_n$ clusters adopt planar structures
up to n=6. Tabular cage structures are preferred in the range of n=10-14 and a
structural transition from tabular cage-like structure to compact
near-spherical structure is found around n=15. The most stable configurations
obtained for Au$_{13}$ and Au$_{19}$ clusters are amorphous instead of
icosahedral or fcc-like, while the electronic density of states sensitively
depend on the cluster geometry. Dramatic odd-even alternative behaviors are
obtained in the relative stability, HOMO-LUMO gaps and ionization potentials of
gold clusters. The size evolution of electronic properties is discussed and the
theoretical ionization potentials of Au$_n$ clusters compare well with
experiments.


title: Mass spectrometric and first principles study of Al$_n$C$^-$ clusters

abstract:
  We study the carbon-dope aluminum clusters by using time-of-flight mass
spectrum experiments and {\em ab initio} calculations. Mass abundance
distributions are obtained for anionic aluminum and aluminum-carbon mixed
clusters. Besides the well-known magic aluminum clusters such as Al$_{13}^-$
and Al$_{23}^-$, Al$_7$C$^-$ cluster is found to be particularly stable among
those Al$_n$C$^-$ clusters. Density functional calculations are performed to
determine the ground state structures of Al$_n$C$^-$ clusters. Our results show
that the Al$_7$C$^-$ is a magic cluster with extremely high stability, which
might serve as building block of the cluster-assembled materials.


title: Nature of Gravitation

abstract:
  The photoeffect, (vacuum analogue of the photoelectric effect,) is used to
study the structure of the physical vacuum, the outcome of which is the basis
for an hypothesis on the nature of gravitation and inertia. The source of
gravitation is the vacuum which has a weak massless elementary electrical
dipole (+/-) charge. Inertia is the result of the elastic force of the vacuum
in opposition to the accelerated motion of material objects. The vacuum is seen
as the source of attraction for all bodies according to the law of induction.


title: Linearisation of Simple Pendulum

abstract:
  The motion of a pendulum is described as Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) in case
the initial displacement given is small. If we relax this condition then we
observe the deviation from the SHM. The equation of motion is non-linear and
thus difficult to explain to under-graduate students. This manuscript tries to
simplify things.


title:
Are the electron spin and magnetic moment parallel or antiparallel
  vectors?

abstract:
  A direct measurement of the relative orientation between the spin and
magnetic moment of the electron seems to be never performed. The kinematical
theory of elementary particles developed by the author and the analysis of the
expectation value of Dirac's magnetic moment operator show that, contrary to
the usual assumption, spin and magnetic moment of electrons and positrons might
have the same relative orientation. Two plausible experiments for their
relative orientation measurement are proposed.


title: Ground state and excitation dynamics in Ag doped helium clusters

abstract:
  We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the structure and energetics of
silver doped helium clusters AgHe$_n$ for $n$ up to 100. Our simulations show
the first solvation shell of the Ag atom to be composed by roughly 20 He atoms,
and to possess a structured angular distribution. Moreover, the electronic
$^2$P$_{1/2}\leftarrow ^2$S$_{1/2}$ and $^2$P$_{3/2}\leftarrow ^2$S$_{1/2}$
electronic transitions of the embedded silver impurity have been studied as a
function of the number ofhelium atoms. The computed spectra show a redshift for
$n\leq 15$ and an increasing blueshift for larger clusters, a feature
attributed to the effect of the second solvation shell of He atoms. For the
largest cluster, the computed excitation spectrum is found in excellent
agreement with the ones recorded in superfluid He clusters and bulk. No
signature of the direct formation of proposed AgHe$_2$ exciplex is present in
the computed spectra of AgHe$_{100}$.


title: The effect of increasing the rate of repetitions of classical reactions

abstract:
  Using quantum theory operator methods we discuss the general reversible
reactions $A_1+A_2+... A_r \leftrightarrow B_1+B_2+... +B_s$, where $r$ and $s$
are arbitrary natural positive numbers. We show that if either direction of the
reaction is repeated a large number of times $N$ in a finite total time $T$
then in the limit of very large $N$, keeping $T$ constant, one remains with the
initial reacting particles only. We also show that if the reaction evolves
through different possible paths of evolution, each of them beginning at the
same side of the reaction, proceeds through different intermediate consecutive
reactions and ends at the other side, then one may ``realize'' any such path by
performing in a dense manner the set of reactions along it. The same results
are also numerically demonstrated for the specific reversible reaction $A+B
\leftrightarrow A+C$. We note that similar results have been shown to hold also
in the quantum regime.


title:
Determination of Circular Polarization of gamma-quanta with Energy > 10
  MeV using Compton Polarimeter

abstract:
  The circularly polarized gamma-quanta with energy > 10 MeV are formed during
Compton backscattering of circularly polarized laser photons on an electron
beam with energy 1.26 GeV. The contribution of nonlinear processes for planned
parameters of a laser flash[T. Okugi, Y. Kurihara and M. Chiba, Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 35, p. 3677 (1996).] can be rather significant, that leads to
deterioration of polarization of a resulting gamma-beam. The direct method of
measurement of gamma-beam circular polarization will allow not only to estimate
a correctness of the theoretical calculations, but also to use the obtained
information for simulation of polarization parameters of positrons.


title: The Stirling Engine-Refrigerator: Rich Pedagogy from Applied Physics

abstract:
  A Stirling engine of the type used for demonstration purposes has been
outfitted with a pair of sensors that measure pressure and piston displacement
when the engine is operating with a small temperature difference between the
hot and cold reservoirs. Measured variables are compared against computer
generated output based on a simple theory that involves nonlinear equations of
motion. Theory and experiment are found to be in reasonable agreement.
Temperature dependence of the graph of pressure versus piston displacement, for
different directions of flywheel rotation, permits a better understanding of
the physics of heat engines and refrigerators in general.


title:
Discrete structure of ultrathin dielectric films and their surface
  optical properties

abstract:
  The boundary problem of linear classical optics about the interaction of
electromagnetic radiation with a thin dielectric film has been solved under
explicit consideration of its discrete structure. The main attention has been
paid to the investigation of the near-zone optical response of dielectrics. The
laws of reflection and refraction for discrete structures in the case of a
regular atomic distribution are studied and the structure of evanescent
harmonics induced by an external plane wave near the surface is investigated in
details. It is shown by means of analytical and numerical calculations that due
to the existence of the evanescent harmonics the laws of reflection and
refraction at the distances from the surface less than two interatomic
distances are principally different from the Fresnel laws. From the practical
point of view the results of this work might be useful for the near-field
optical microscopy of ultrahigh resolution.


title: On the statistics of wind gusts

abstract:
  Velocity measurements of wind blowing near the North Sea border of Northern
Germany and velocity measurements under local isotropic conditions of a
turbulent wake behind a cylinder are compared. It is shown that wind gusts -
measured by means of velocity increments - do show similar statistics to the
laboratory data, if they are conditioned on an averaged wind speed value. Clear
differences between the laboratory data and the atmospheric wind velocity
measurement are found for the waiting time statistics between successive gusts
above a certain threshold of interest.


title:
Non-adiabatic quantum molecular dynamics: Generalized formalism
  including laser fields

abstract:
  A generalized formalism of the so-called non-adiabatic quantum molecular
dynamics is presented, which applies for atomic many-body systems in external
laser fields. The theory treats the nuclear dynamics and electronic transitions
simultaneously in a mixed classical-quantum approach. Exact, self-consistent
equations of motion are derived from the action principle by combining
time-dependent density functional theory in basis expansion with classical
molecular dynamics. Structure and properties of the resulting equations of
motion as well as the energy and momentum balance equations are discussed in
detail. Future applications of the formalism are briefly outlined.


title: The Bunch Injection Controller for the PEP-II Storage Rings

abstract:
  The PEP-II storage rings at SLAC each have 3492 'buckets' into which
electrons and positrons can be injected into the high- and low-energy rings.
Equipment to measure the currents of all the individual buckets was originally
provided by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and is implemented in VXI-based
hardware. Data from this equipment as well as high precision direct current
measurement provide the hard data for the Bunch Injection Controller. A large
number of parameters determined by injection design considerations as well as
set by operators for different circumstances are also used by the software
algorithms to determine the desired bucket injection order and charge quantity
for each injection pulse. These requests are then passed on to the venerable
SLAC master pattern generator, which provides beams for other applications as
well. This highly visible and highly successful system is implemented using the
EPICS toolkit, and fits well into the merged SLAC EPICS/SLC control system. The
Bunch Injection Controller hardware is a VME-based EPICS IOC, which makes
extensive use of shared memory for communicating with the VXI measurement
equipment and the SLAC master pattern generator.


title: Structure and Combustion of Magnegases

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the structure and combustion of magnegases$^{TM}$
(Patented and International Patents Pending), new clean fuels developed by one
of us (R.M.S.) [1], which are produced as byproducts of recycling
nonradioactive liquid feedstock such as antifreeze waste, engine oil waste,
town sewage, crude oil, etc., and generally vary with the liquid used for their
production. A new technology, called PlasmaArcFlow\tm, flows the waste through
a submerged electric arc between conventional electrodes. The arc decomposes
the liquid molecules into their atomic constituents, and forms a plasma in the
immediate vicinity of the electrodes at about 10,000$^o$ F. The technology then
moves the plasma away from the electrodes, and controls its recombination into
environmentally acceptable fuels. The new fuels possess a ew chemical structure
first identified by one of us (R.M.S.), which is characterized by clusters of
ordinary molecules and atoms under a new bond of electromagnetic nature. These
clusters constitute a new chemical species different than the conventional
molecules, since they are stable at ordinary conditions while exhibiting no
infrared signature (other than those of conventional molecular constituents),
thus confirming that the bond is not of valence type. For this reason the new
chemical species is called ''Santilli's electromagnecules'' or ''magnecules''.