title: Querying Large Physics Data Sets Over an Information Grid

abstract:
  Optimising use of the Web (WWW) for LHC data analysis is a complex problem
and illustrates the challenges arising from the integration of and computation
across massive amounts of information distributed worldwide. Finding the right
piece of information can, at times, be extremely time-consuming, if not
impossible. So-called Grids have been proposed to facilitate LHC computing and
many groups have embarked on studies of data replication, data migration and
networking philosophies. Other aspects such as the role of 'middleware' for
Grids are emerging as requiring research. This paper positions the need for
appropriate middleware that enables users to resolve physics queries across
massive data sets. It identifies the role of meta-data for query resolution and
the importance of Information Grids for high-energy physics analysis rather
than just Computational or Data Grids. This paper identifies software that is
being implemented at CERN to enable the querying of very large collaborating
HEP data-sets, initially being employed for the construction of CMS detectors.


title: Collective dynamics of internal states in a Bose gas

abstract:
  Theory for the Rabi and internal Josephson effects in an interacting Bose gas
in the cold collision regime is presented. By using microscopic transport
equation for the density matrix the problem is mapped onto a problem of
precession of two coupled classical spins. In the absence of an external
excitation field our results agree with the theory for the density induced
frequency shifts in atomic clocks. In the presence of the external field, the
internal Josephson effect takes place in a condensed Bose gas as well as in a
non-condensed gas. The crossover from Rabi oscillations to the Josephson
oscillations as a function of interaction strength is studied in detail.


title:
Multifractal characterisation of length sequences of coding and
  noncoding segments in a complete genome

abstract:
  The coding and noncoding length sequences constructed from a complete genome
are characterised by multifractal analysis. The dimension spectrum $D_{q}$ and
its derivative, the 'analogous' specific heat $C_{q}$, are calculated for the
coding and noncoding length sequences of bacteria, where $q$ is the moment
order of the partition sum of the sequences. From the shape of the $% D_{q}$
and $C_{q}$ curves, it is seen that there exists a clear difference between the
coding/noncoding length sequences of all organisms considered and a completely
random sequence. The complexity of noncoding length sequences is higher than
that of coding length sequences for bacteria. Almost all $D_{q}$ curves for
coding length sequences are flat, so their multifractality is small whereas
almost all $D_{q}$ curves for noncoding length sequences are multifractal-like.
We propose to characterise the bacteria according to the types of the $C_{q}$
curves of their noncoding length sequences.


title: Multifractal characterisation of complete genomes

abstract:
  This paper develops a theory for characterisation of DNA sequences based on
their measure representation. The measures are shown to be random cascades
generated by an infinitely divisible distribution. This probability
distribution is uniquely determined by the exponent function in the
multifractal theory of random cascades. Curve fitting to a large number of
complete genomes of bacteria indicates that the Gamma density function provides
an excellent fit to the exponent function, and hence to the probability
distribution of the complete genomes.


title: Measure representation and multifractal analysis of complete genomes

abstract:
  This paper introduces the notion of measure representation of DNA sequences.
Spectral analysis and multifractal analysis are then performed on the measure
representations of a large number of complete genomes. The main aim of this
paper is to discuss the multifractal property of the measure representation and
the classification of bacteria. From the measure representations and the values
of the $D_{q}$ spectra and related $C_{q}$ curves, it is concluded that these
complete genomes are not random sequences. In fact, spectral analyses performed
indicate that these measure representations considered as time series, exhibit
strong long-range correlation. For substrings with length K=8, the $D_{q}$
spectra of all organisms studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth
for the $C_{q}$ curves to be meaningful. The $C_{q}$ curves of all bacteria
resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point. But the 'analogous'
phase transitions of chromosomes of non-bacteria organisms are different. Apart
from Chromosome 1 of {\it C. elegans}, they exhibit the shape of double-peaked
specific heat function.


title:
Number of Transition Frequencies of a System Containing an Arbitrary
  Number of Gas Bubbles

abstract:
  ``Transition frequencies'' of a system containing an arbitrary number of
bubbles levitated in a liquid are discussed. Using a linear coupled-oscillator
model, it is shown theoretically that when the system contains $N$ bubbles of
different sizes, each bubble has $2N - 1$ (or less) transition frequencies
which make the phase difference between an external sound and a bubble's
pulsation $\pi / 2$. Furthermore, we discuss a discrepancy appearing between
the present result regarding the transition frequencies and existing ones for
the resonance frequencies in a two-bubble case, and show that the transition
frequency, defined as above, and the resonance frequency have a different
physical meaning when $N \ge 2$, while they are consistent for $N = 1$.


title: Nonlinear Theory of Flame Front Instability

abstract:
  Nonlinear non-stationary equation describing evolution of weakly curved
premixed flames with arbitrary gas expansion, subject to the Landau-Darrieus
instability, is derived. The new equation respects all the conservation laws to
be satisfied across the flame front, as well as correctly takes into account
influence of vorticity, generated in the flame, on the flame front structure
and flame velocity. Analytical solutions of the derived equation are found.


title: An objective lens for efficient fluorescence detection of single atoms

abstract:
  We present the design of a diffraction limited, long working distance
monochromatic objective lens for efficient light collection. Consisting of four
spherical lenses, it has a numerical aperture of 0.29, an effective focal
length of 36 mm and a working distance of 36.5 mm. This inexpensive system
allows us to detect 8*10^4 fluorescence photons per second from a single cesium
atom stored in a magneto-optical trap.


title: Transport in a laser irradiated thin foil

abstract:
  Three dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations describing the interaction of
a short intense laser pulse with thin foils are presented. It is observed that
the laser generated electron current decays into magnetically isolated
filaments. The filaments grow in scale and magnitude by reconnection. Two
different laser wavelengths are considered. The spatial separation of the
filaments varies for the two wavelengths. Many current filaments carry net
electric currents exceeding the Alfven current considerably.


title: Hollow density channels and transport in a laser irradiated plasma slab

abstract:
  A three dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulation describing the interaction of
an intense laser beam with a plasma slab is presented. It is observed that the
laser generated electron current decays into magnetically isolated filaments.
The filaments grow in scale and magnitude by a merging process in the course of
which the field topology changes. The opposite process also takes place
occasionally. The laser driven charge and energy flows and the reconnecting
magnetic field mutually interact. At the end of the merging process flows and
fields are confined close to the laser irradiated surface of the plasma slab.
Both decay rapidly in the bulk plasma. Due to the magnetic pressure in the
filaments hollow density channels in the electron and ion densities are formed.
The simulation reveals that charge flows in these channels can exceed the
Alfven current.


title: Is the Critical Reynolds Number Universal?

abstract:
  The laminar-turbulent transition in the circular pipe flow has been tested
experimentally. The critical Reynolds numbers for the flows of different gases
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, CO2, SF6) and liquids (H2O, D2O, C2H5OH) have been
compared. The difference up to 40% was observed. The possible reasons of
non-universality of critical Reynolds number are discussed. The conclusion is
the statistical approach is needed to penetrate into the nature of observed
phenomenon.


title: Ultra-precise measurement of optical frequency ratios

abstract:
  We developed a novel technique for frequency measurement and synthesis, based
on the operation of a femtosecond comb generator as transfer oscillator. The
technique can be used to measure frequency ratios of any optical signals
throughout the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum. Relative
uncertainties of $10^{-18}$ for averaging times of 100 s are possible. Using a
Nd:YAG laser in combination with a nonlinear crystal we measured the frequency
ratio of the second harmonic $\nu_{SH}$ at 532 nm to the fundamental $\nu_0$ at
1064 nm, $\nu_{SH}/\nu_0 = 2.000 000 000 000 000 001 \times (1 \pm 7 \times
10^{-19})$.


title: Room temperature accelerator structures for linear colliders

abstract:
  Early tests of short low group velocity and standing wave structures
indicated the viability of operating X-band linacs with accelerating gradients
in excess of 100 MeV/m. Conventional scaling of traveling wave traveling wave
linacs with frequency scales the cell dimensions with l. Because Q scales as
l1/2, the length of the structures scale not linearly but as l3/2 in order to
preserve the attenuation through each structure. For NLC we chose not to follow
this scaling from the SLAC S-band linac to its fourth harmonic at X-band. We
wanted to increase the length of the structures to reduce the number of
couplers and waveguide drives which can be a significant part of the cost of a
microwave linac. Furthermore, scaling the iris size of the disk-loaded
structures gave unacceptably high short range dipole wakefields. Consequently,
we chose to go up a factor of about 5 in average group velocity and length of
the structures, which increases the power fed to each structure by the same
factor and decreases the short range dipole wakes by a similar factor.
Unfortunately, these longer (1.8 m) structures have not performed nearly as
well in high gradient tests as the short structures. We believe we have at
least a partial understanding of the reason and will discuss it below. We are
now studying two types of short structures with large apertures with moderately
good efficiency including: 1) traveling wave structures with the group velocity
lowered by going to large phase advance per period with bulges on the iris, 2)
pi mode standing wave structures


title:
Roles of polarization, phase and amplitude in solid immersion lens
  systems

abstract:
  By altering the polarization, phase and amplitude at the exit pupil, the
intensity distribution near the focal plane of a Solid Immersion Lens(SIL)
system can be changed. We have studied how the resolution and focal depth
changes for a few particular cases. It was seen that by impinging radial
polarization on a SIL system, we may obtain a rotational symmetric z-component
of the focused wavefront with spot size similar to that predicted by scalar
theory. We also found that it was possible to 'play' with the the contributions
from the homogeneous and inhomogeneous waves behind the SIL by changing the
amplitude and phase distribution at the aperture.


title: Diffusers for holographic stereography

abstract:
  Holographic diffusers have long been recognized as versatile components with
a broad number of applications. In this work we discuss holographic diffusers
for projection of laser light from a Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) onto a
holographic recording medium. In holographic stereography, projection of the
information from a LCD onto a holographic recording medium has traditionally
been done by a lens or a ground glass. It is suggested that the holographic
diffusers can replace these elements and improve image quality and light
economy.


title: A Dynamical Study of the Friedmann Equations

abstract:
  Cosmology is an attracting subject for students but usually difficult to deal
with if general relativity is not known. In this article, we first recall the
Newtonian derivation of the Friedmann equations which govern the dynamics of
our universe and discuss the validity of such a derivation. We then study the
equations of evolution of the universe in terms of a dynamical system. This
sums up the different behaviors of our universe and enables to address some
cosmological problems.


abstract:
  Eigenfrequencies of two mutually interacting gas bubbles in an acoustic field
are discussed theoretically and numerically. It is shown by a linear theory
that a bubble interacting with a neighboring bubble has three eigenfrequencies
that change with the distance between two bubbles, and the sign and magnitude
of the primary Bjerknes force acting on bubbles also change according to the
change in the eigenfrequencies.


title: Radiation reaction 4-force: orthogonal or parallel to the 4-velocity?

abstract:
  In this note we point to some problems related to the standard derivation of
the radiation reaction 4-force, and we propose a new expression for this
4-force, parallel to the 4-velocity.


title: A derivation of the homogenous Maxwell equations

abstract:
  We present a theoretical derivation of the homogenous Maxwell equations,
based on Stokes theorem for Minkowski space tensors.


title: Global selection rule in chemical coupling

abstract:
  Coupling and decoupling of chemical reactions are explored through a modified
heat balance equation. Reaction enthalpies are found to play crucial role; the
sign of their product for a pair of consecutive chemical reactions determine
whether they couple or not. The possibility of a coupling-uncoupling transition
for such reactions is thus introduced for the first time. The present work
resolves a paradox concerning negative efficiency of coupled consecutive
chemical reactions. Enthalpy is also shown to be a "constant of motion" along
the reaction coordinate as long as the mass action ratio varies little with
temperature. The present analysis puts the observed difference between
calorimetric and van't Hoff enthalpies on a quantitative basis. A case study is
presented with a third order reaction where the enthalpic criterion is useful
in selecting the more probable of the alternative mechanisms.


title: Collectivity in the optical response of small metal clusters

abstract:
  The question whether the linear absorption spectra of metal clusters can be
interpreted as density oscillations (collective ``plasmons'') or can only be
understood as transitions between distinct molecular states is still a matter
of debate for clusters with only a few electrons. We calculate the
photoabsorption spectra of Na2 and Na5+ comparing two different methods:
quantum fluid-dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory. The
changes in the electronic structure associated with particular excitations are
visualized in ``snapshots'' via transition densities. Our analysis shows that
even for the smallest clusters, the observed excitations can be interpreted as
intuitively understandable density oscillations. For Na5+, the importance of
self-interaction corrections to the adiabatic local density approximation is
demonstrated.


title:
A Theory for the Cosmological Constant and its Explanation of the
  Gravitational Constant

abstract:
  This paper continues the development of a discrete space-time concept that is
recently used in the explanation of the cosmological constant. Instead of order
estimation, a more theoretical treatment of the theory is introduced. Based on
the discrete space-time hypothesis, we find that the electroweak theory and
General Relativity can be combined into a single theory. An analytical form of
the cosmological constant can be found and the weakness problem of the
gravitational constant can also be explained.


title:
Angular Correlation in Double photoionization of Atoms and the Role of
  the Detection Process

abstract:
  The problem of angular correlation in the double photoionization (DPI) of
rare gas atoms is considered in some depth. We refer particularly to the
efficiency operator for the detection of an electron by a detector having
cylindrical symmetry. The different factors in the efficiency operator are
discussed in detail keeping in mind the fundamental epistemological question of
the role of the detection process in such experiments.


title: On the problem of detection efficiency in Bell-Type experiments

abstract:
  In this note we wish to demonstrate that the concept of efficiency loophole,
as far as a local realistic model is concerned, is a self-defeating one since
it implies that the static fields (for example, electric or gravitational) of
and elementary particle must be in the form of quantized superluminal pulses.
The Idea, however, may still be advocated by the proponents of non-local
realistic models since it is shown that such superluminal pulses do not
contradict the facts of Lorentz transformations. As an alternative to Bell-type
experiments we propose an experiment by means of which one can directly verify
the validity of otherwise of the concept of efficiency.


title: Acceleration for the mu+ mu- Collider

abstract:
  We discuss possible acceleration scenarios and methods for a mu+ mu-
collider. The accelerator must take the beams from ~100 MeV to 2 TeV within the
muon lifetime (2.2 x 10**(-6) E(mu)/m(mu) uS), while compressing bunches of
10**(12) muons from m to cm bunch lengths. Linac, recirculating linac, and very
rapid-cycling synchrotron approaches are studied. Multiple recirculating linac
approaches are matched to the muon lifetime and appear readily feasible.
Rapid-cycling approaches require innovations in magnet designs and layouts, but
could be much more affordable.


title:
Experimental Investigations of Signals of a New Nature with the aid of
  two High Precision Stationary Quartz Gravimeters

abstract:
  In consequence of long-term (2000) observation of a system of two
high-precision quartz gravimeters (one of them with an attached magnet) placed
in a special (at a depth of $\sim $10m) gravimetric laboratory on a common base
separated from the foundation of the building, signals of a new nature were
detected. They were of a smooth peak-type shape, several minutes duration, and
with amplitudes often more than that of the moon tide. The nature of the
signals cannot be explained in the framework of traditional physical views but
can be qualitatively described with the aid of a supposed new interaction
connected with the hypothesis about the existence of the cosmological vectorial
potential A_g, a new presumed fundamental vectorial constant.


title: Importance Sampling in Rigid Body Diffusion Monte Carlo

abstract:
  We present an algorithm for rigid body diffusion Monte Carlo with importance
sampling, which is based on a rigorous short-time expansion of the Green's
function for rotational motion in three dimensions. We show that this
short-time approximation provides correct sampling of the angular degrees of
freedom, and provides a general way to incorporate importance sampling for all
degrees of freedom. The full importance sampling algorithm significantly
improves both calculational efficiency and accuracy of ground state properties,
and allows rotational and bending excitations in molecular van der Waals
clusters to be studied directly.


title:
Alternative interpretation of the sign reversal of secondary Bjerknes
  force acting between two pulsating gas bubbles

abstract:
  It is known that in a certain case, the secondary Bjerknes force, which is a
radiation force acting between pulsating bubbles, changes, e.g., from
attraction to repulsion as the bubbles approach each other. In this paper, a
theoretical discussion of this phenomenon for two spherical bubbles is
described. The present theory based on analysis of the transition frequencies
of interacting bubbles [M. Ida, Phys. Lett. A 297, 210 (2002)] provides an
interpretation, different from previous ones (e.g., by Doinikov and Zavtrak
[Phys. Fluids 7, 1923 (1995)]), of the phenomenon. It is shown, for example,
that the reversal that occurs when one bubble is smaller and another is larger
than a resonance size is due to the second-highest transition frequency of the
smaller bubble, which cannot be obtained using traditional natural-frequency
analysis.


title:
Additional selection rule for some emission, photoexcitation and Auger
  spectra

abstract:
  Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some
emission, photoexcitation and Auger spectra of atoms is related with the
existence of the additional selection rule for the number of vacancy-electron
pairs.


title:
Biot's theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated
  porous solid revisited: introduction of non-zero boundary slip velocity

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to the physically
inconsistent assumption of constant slip velocity, instead, see a new improved
model - physics/0201045.


title: Calculation of hydrodynamic mass for atomic impurities in helium

abstract:
  We present a simple numerical procedure for calculating the irrotational
hydrodynamic flow in a helium solvation structure around a spherical solute in
linear motion through superfluid helium. The calculation requires only the
radial helium density around the impurity as input. From the resulting
irrotational flow, the helium contribution to the effective mass of the solute
is calculated. The results for alkali cations are compared to recent many-body
Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations by M. Buzzacchi, D. E. Galli, and L.
Reatto (Phys. Rev. B., {\bf 64} 094512 (2001)). The helium contribution to the
effective masses calculated by the two methods are 12.9(4.6) versus 9.4 u for
Li$^+$, 48.2(5.6) versus 52.1 u for Na$^+$, 69.6(4.8) versus 70.1 u for K$^+$,
and 6.4(8.8) versus 6.8 for Cs$^+$, with the VMC result listed first (with one
$\sigma$ statistical error estimate) and the hydrodynamic result listed second.
For the cases of Na$^+$ and K$^+$, the hydrodynamic calculation treated the
first helium solvation shell as a rigid solid, as suggested by the VMC
calculations; treating the first solvent layer as part of the superfluid lead
to considerable underestimate, $\approx 50%$, of the mass increase in both
cases. In all cases, the agreement of the two results are in within the error
estimate of the VMC calculation, demonstrating the accuracy of hydrodynamic
treatment of helium motion even on the atomic length scale.


title:
Quantum Hydrodynamic Model for the enhanced moments of Inertia of
  molecules in Helium Nanodroplets: Application to SF$_6$

abstract:
  The increase in moment of inertia of SF$_6$ in helium nanodroplets is
calculated using the quantum hydrodynamic approach. This required an extension
of the numerical solution to the hydrodynamic equation to three explicit
dimensions. Based upon an expansion of the density in terms of the lowest four
Octahedral spherical harmonics, the predicted increase in moment of inertia is
$170 {\rm u \AA^2}$, compared to an experimentally determined value of $310(10)
{\rm u \AA^2}$, i.e., 55% of the observed value. The difference is likely in at
least part due to lack of convergence with respect to the angular expansion,
but at present we do not have access to the full densities from which a higher
order expansion can be determined. The present results contradict those of Kwon
et al., J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 113}, 6469 (2000), who predicted that the
hydrodynamic theory predicted less than 10% of the observed increase in moment
of inertia.


title: A High Granularity Imaging Calorimeter for Cosmic-Ray Physics

abstract:
  An imaging calorimeter has been designed and is being built for the PAMELA
satellite-borne experiment. The physics goals of the experiment are the
measurement of the flux of antiprotons, positrons and light isotopes in the
cosmic radiation.
  The calorimeter is designed to perform a precise measurement of the total
energy deposited, to reconstruct the spatial development of the showers (both
in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions), and to measure the
energy distribution along the shower itself. From this information, the
calorimeter will identify antiprotons from a electron background and positrons
in a background of protons with an efficiency of about 95% and a rejection
power better than 10^-4. Furthermore, a self-trigger system has been
implemented with the calorimeter that will be employed to measure high-energy
(from about 300 GeV to more than 1 TeV) electrons.
  The instrument is composed of 22 layers of tungsten, each sandwiched between
two "views" of silicon strip detectors (X and Y). The signals are read out by a
custom VLSI front-end chip, the CR1.4P, specifically designed for the PAMELA
calorimeter, with a dynamic range of 7.14 pC or 1400 mip (minimum ionizing
particle).
  We report on the simulated performance and prototype design.


title: Exciton scattering in light-harvesting systems of purple bacteria

abstract:
  Using the reduced density matrix formalism the exciton scattering in
light-harvesting systems of purple bacteria is calculated. The static disorder
(fluctuations of the site energies) as well as the dynamic disorder
(dissipation) is taken into account in this work. Circular aggregates with 18
pigments are studied to model the B850 ring of bacteriochlorophylls with LH2
complexes. It can be shown that the influence of dissipation may not be
neglected in the simulation of the time-dependent anisotropy of fluorescence.
Also an elliptical deformation of the ring could be essential.


title: A density matrix approach to photoinduced electron injection

abstract:
  Electron injection from an adsorbed molecule to the substrate (heterogeneous
electron transfer) is studied. One reaction coordinate is used to model this
process. The surface phonons and/or the electron-hole pairs together with the
internal degrees of freedom of the adsorbed molecule as well as possibly a
liquid surrounding the molecule provide a dissipative environment, which may
lead to dephasing, relaxation, and sometimes excitation of the relevant system.
In the process studied the adsorbed molecule is excited by a light pulse. This
is followed by an electron transfer from the excited donor state to the
quasi-continuum of the substrate. It is assumed that the substrate is a
semiconductor. The effects of dissipation on electron injection are
investigated.


title: Decrease of Particle's Interference Pattern Due to Energy Changes

abstract:
  In this paper we reveal an additional new cause for decreasing of particles
interference. We found that particle which, transmits kinetic energy to the
detector decrease its wave packet area size. A detector that transmits kinetic
energy to the particle increases the particle's wave packet area. We found
these phenomena cause decrease in the interference pattern. We show that the
interference pattern decrease is graduate and proportional to the amount of the
particle's kinetic energy change. We show that our findings are in agreement
with the results of different experiments like the two slits experiment and the
two paths interferometer experiment. We conclude the wave like behavior of the
particle, is not have to lost in the detection process, it changes its area
size.


title:
Modeling the effects of tetanus vaccination on chronically infected HIV
  patients

abstract:
  T-cell activation plays a critical role in the initiation and propagation of
HIV-1 infection and yet transient activation of the immune system is a normal
response to immunization. In this study we extend a simple of model of HIV
infection to include T cell activation by vaccination. We then show that the
model can reproduce many but not all of the features of the post-tetanus
immunization rise in viral load observed and reported on by Stanley et al., [N.
Engl. J. Med., 334:1222--1230 (1996)]. Amplitudes and approximate timing of
post-immunization maximum viremia were matched in nine of twelve cases; in
patients with double peaks of nearly equal amplitude the later peaks were
matched. Patients with single early peaks in their viremia were best fit with
relatively high antigen clearance rate constants, while patients with early and
late peaks in viremia of equal or nearly equal amplitude were best-fit with
much lower clearance rates. The rate of clearance may depend on the level of
pre-existing antibody, which in turn would be expected to depend on the time
since the individual under study received a previous tetanus vaccination.


title: The Calculation of Matrix Elements in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  Employing a relativistic version of a hypervirial result, recurrence
relations for arbitrary non-diagonal radial hydrogenic matrix elements have
recently been obtained in Dirac relativistic quantum mechanics. In this
contribution honoring Professor L\"owdin, we report on a new relation we have
recently discovered between the matrix elements $<2| r^\lambda |1 >$ and
$<2|\beta r^\lambda |1>$---where $\beta$ is a Dirac matrix and the numbers
distiguish between different radial eigenstates--- that allow for a
simplification and hence for a more convenient way of expressing the recurrence
relations. We additionally derive another relation that can be employed for
simplifying two center matrix element calculations in relativistic atomic or
molecular calculations.


title:
Floquet Scattering and Classical-Quantum correspondence in strong time
  periodic fields

abstract:
  We study the scattering of an electron from a one dimensional inverted
Gaussian atomic potential in the presence of strong time periodic electric
fields. Using Floquet theory, we construct the Floquet Scattering matrix in the
Kramers-Henneberger frame. We compute the transmission coefficients as a
function of electron incident energy and find that they display asymmetric Fano
resonances due to the electron interaction with the driving field. We find that
the Fano resonances are associated with zero-pole pairs of the Floquet
Scattering matrix in the complex energy plane. Another way we "probe" the
complex spectrum of the system is by computing the Wigner-Smith delay times.
Finally we find that the eigenphases of the Floquet Scattering matrix undergo a
number of "avoided crossings" as a function of electron Floquet energy that
increases with increasing strength of the driving field. These "avoided
crossings" appear to be quantum manifestations of the destruction of the
constants of motion and the onset of chaos in classical phase space.


title:
Simple Evaluation of Franck-Condon Factors and Non-Condon Effects in the
  Morse Potential

abstract:
  The calculation of Franck-Condon factors between different one-dimensional
Morse potential eigenstates using a formula derived from the Wigner function is
discussed. Our numerical calculations using a very simple program written in
Mathematica is compared with other calculations. We show that our results have
a similar accuracy as the calculations performed with more sophisticated
methods. We discuss the extension of our method to include non-Condon effects
in the calculation.


title: Thermodynamic functions of harmonic Coulomb crystals

abstract:
  Phonon frequency moments and thermodynamic functions (electrostatic and
vibrational parts of the free energy, internal energy, and heat capacity) are
calculated for bcc and fcc Coulomb crystals in the harmonic approximation with
a fractional accuracy within one part on 10^5. Temperature dependence of
thermodynamic functions is fitted by analytic formulas with an accuracy of a
few parts in 10^5. The static-lattice (Madelung) part of the free energy is
calculated with an accuracy about 10^{-12}. The Madelung constant and frequency
moments of hcp crystals are also computed.


title: Complex space-time and the classification of elementary particles

abstract:
  It is shown that the Dirac theory implies complex space-time and complex
space-time can lead to the Dirac equation. It is suggested that fermions are
grouped into doublets, those doublets are then divided into color singlets
(leptons) and color triplets (quarks), then they are further divided into
generation singlets and generation triplets. If the exclusion principle for
fermions works in the internal space, then the non-observation of free quarks
can be explained. However, it is suggested that a possible new free quark may
exist with a color triplet and generation singlet state which is antisymmetric
in the internal space.


title: Optimal adaptive performance and delocalization in NK fitness landscapes

abstract:
  We investigate the evolutionary dynamics of a finite population of sequences
adapting to NK fitness landscapes. We find that, unlike in the case of an
infinite population, the average fitness in a finite population is maximized at
a small but finite, rather than vanishing, mutation rate. The highest local
maxima in the landscape are visited for even larger mutation rates, close to a
transition point at which the population delocalizes (i.e., leaves the fitness
peak at which it was localized) and starts traversing the sequence space. If
the mutation rate is increased even further, the population undergoes a second
transition and loses all sensitivity to fitness peaks. This second transition
corresponds to the standard error threshold transition first described by
Eigen. We discuss the implications of our results for biological evolution and
for evolutionary optimization techniques.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft nlin.AO q-bio.PE


title: Self Gravitating Instability of a Compressible Fluid Cylinder

abstract:
  The self-gravitating instability of a compressible-inviscid fluid cylinder
immersed into a self-gravitating tenuous medium of negligible motion is
developed. The stability criterion is derived based on the linear perturbation
technique. Some previous reported works are recovered. The effect of different
factors on the fluid cylinder instability is discussed. The compressibility has
a tendency for a stabilizing the model in particular as the sound speed $a$ is
very large in the stable domains $1.0233928\leq x<\infty$ but comparatively
small in the unstable domains $0<x<1.0233928$ where $x=k R_{_{0}}$ is the
dimensionless longitudinal wavenumber with $k$ is the axial wavenumber and
$R_{_{0}}$ is the radius of the cylinder. In the absence of the compressibility
factor the unstable domain is found to be $0<x<1.0678$.


title:
Light scattering by optically anisotropic scatterers I: T--matrix theory
  for radial and uniform anisotropies

abstract:
  We extend the T-matrix approach to light scattering by spherical particles to
some simple cases in which the scatterers are optically anisotropic.
Specifically we consider cases in which the spherical particles include
radially and uniformly anisotropic layers. We find that in both cases the
T-matrix theory can be formulated using a modified T-matrix ansatz with
suitably defined modes. In a uniformly anisotropic medium we derive these modes
by relating the wave packet representation and expansions of electromagnetic
field over spherical harmonics. The resulting wave functions are deformed
spherical harmonics that represent solutions of the Maxwell equations. We use
these modes to express the equations for the T-matrix elements in terms of
computationally tractable coefficient functions.


title:
Light scattering by optically anisotropic scatterers II: T--matrix
  computations for radially and uniformly anisotropic droplets

abstract:
  This is the second paper in a series on light scattering from optically
anisotropic scatterers embedded in an isotropic medium. The apparently complex
T-matrix theory involving mixing of angular momentum components turns out to be
an efficient approach to calculating scattering in these systems. We present
preliminary results of numerical calculations of the scattering by spherical
droplets in some simple cases. The droplets contain optically anisotropic
material with local radial or uniform anisotropy. We concentrate on cases in
which the scattering is due only to the local optical anisotropy within the
scatterer. For radial anisotropy we find non-monotonic dependence of the
scattering cross-section on the degree of anisotropy can occur in a regime for
which both the Rayleigh and semi-classical theories are inapplicable. For
uniform anisotropy the cross-section is strongly dependent on the angle between
the incident light and the optical axis, and for larger droplets this
dependence is non-monotonic.


title:
Discrete symmetry and quark, lepton and vector gauge boson mass
  expressions

abstract:
  Some interesting mass expressions for all the quarks, leptons and vector
gauge bosons are presented based on simple discrete symmetry. Precise
expressions for the nucleon masses are presented as an example of the
calculation techniques employed. The structure of the Higgs sector is explored.


title:
Low-energy direct muon transfer from H to Ne$^{10+}$, S$^{16+}$ and
  Ar$^{18+}$ using two-state close-coupling approximation to Faddeev-Hahn-type
  equation

abstract:
  We perform three-body calculation of direct muon-transfer rates from
thermalized muonic hydrogen isotopes to bare nuclei Ne$^{10+}$, S$^{16+}$, and
Ar$^{18+}$ employing integro-differential Faddeev-Hahn-type equations in
configuration space with two-state close-coupling approximation scheme. All
Coulomb potentials including the strong final-state Coulomb repulsion are
treated exactly. A long-range polarization potential is included in the elastic
channel to take into account the high polarizability of the muonic hydrogen.
The transfer rates so calculated are in good agreement with recent experiments.
We find that the muon is captured predominantly in the $n=6$, 9, and 10 states
of muonic Ne$^{10+}$, S$^{16+}$, and Ar$^{18+}$, respectively.


title: Rotational kinetics of absorbing dust grains in neutral gas

abstract:
  We study the rotational and translational kinetics of massive particulates
(dust grains) absorbing the ambient gas. Equations for microscopic phase
densities are deduced resulting in the Fokker-Planck equation for the dust
component. It is shown that although there is no stationary distribution, the
translational and rotational temperatures of dust tend to certain values, which
differ from the temperature of the ambient gas. The influence of the inner
structure of grains on rotational kinetics is also discussed.


title: A theory of mass and gravity in 4-dimensional optics

abstract:
  The paper deals with the concepts of mass and gravity in the formalism of
4-dimensional optics, previously introduced by the author. It is shown that
elementary particles can be associated with 4-dimensional standing wave
patterns with the Compton wavelength and both inertial and gravitational mass
are derived from this concept and shown to be attributable to an waveguide laid
along the particle's worldline; the same formalism is shown to accommodate also
mass due to binding energy within compact bodies. Momentum exchange with
accelerated bodies through gravitons is discussed and shown similar to mode
exchange in optical fibers. Reported anomalies on the behaviour of the Foucault
pendulum, both periodic and exceptional on the occasion of solar eclipses, are
explained not only qualitatively but also on order of magnitude, resorting to
graviton exchanges between Earth and the Sun or the Moon. It is argued that
these effects provide experimental evidence of gravitons.


title: Statics and dynamics of phase segregation in multicomponent fermion gas

abstract:
  We investigate the statics and dynamics of spatial phase segregation process
of a mixture of fermion atoms in a harmonic trap using the density functional
theory. The kinetic energy of the fermion gas is written in terms of the
density and its gradients. Several cases have been studied by neglecting the
gradient terms (the Thomas-Fermi limit) which are then compared with the
Monte-Carlo results using the full gradient corrected kinetic energy. A linear
instability analysis has been performed using the random-phase approximation.
Near the onset of instability, the fastest unstable mode for spinodal
decomposition is found to occur at $q=0$. However, in the strong coupling
limit, many more modes with $q\approx K_F$ decay with comparable time scales.


title: Positronium scattering by atoms and molecules at low energies

abstract:
  The recent theoretical and experimental activities in positronium (Ps)
scattering by atoms and molecules are reviewed with special emphasis at low
energies. We critically compare the results of different groups $-$ theoretical
and experimental. The theoretical approaches considered include the $R$-matrix
and close-coupling methods applied to Ps-H, Ps-He, and Ps-Li scattering, and a
coupled-channel approach with a nonlocal model-potential for Ps scattering by
H, He, H$_2$, Ne, Ar, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Ps and for pickoff quenching in
Ps-He scattering. Results for scattering lengths, partial, total and
differential cross sections as well as resonance and binding energies in
different systems are discussed.


title: An experience model for anyspeed motion

abstract:
  Simple airtrack simulations, like those now possible with web-based 3D
environments, can provide explorers of any age with experiential data
sufficient to formulate their own models of motion. In particular, with a
compressable spring, two gliders, a moving clock and two gate pairs with timers
(pre and post collision), Newton's laws (or one's own version thereof) may
emerge (or be tested) in the lab. With a high speed simulation, one may find
instead Minkowski's spacetime version of Pythagoras' theorem (the metric
equation) in the data, along with ``anyspeed'' expressions for momentum and
kinetic energy.


title: Stochastic models which separate fractal dimension and Hurst effect

abstract:
  Fractal behavior and long-range dependence have been observed in an
astonishing number of physical systems. Either phenomenon has been modeled by
self-similar random functions, thereby implying a linear relationship between
fractal dimension, a measure of roughness, and Hurst coefficient, a measure of
long-memory dependence. This letter introduces simple stochastic models which
allow for any combination of fractal dimension and Hurst exponent. We
synthesize images from these models, with arbitrary fractal properties and
power-law correlations, and propose a test for self-similarity.


title: Trajectory of the harmonic oscillator in the Schreodinger wave

abstract:
  A trajectory of a harmonic oscillator obeying the Schreodinger wave equation
is exactly derived and illustrated. The trajectory resembles well the classical
orbit between the turning points, and also runs through the tunneling region.
The dynamics of the `particle' motion and the wave function associated with the
motion are proposed. The period of a round trip on the trajectory is exactly
equal to that obtained in classical mechanics.


title: On fibre bundle formulation of classical and statistical mechanics

abstract:
  Some elements of classical mechanics and classical statistical mechanics are
formulated in terms of fibre bundles. In the bundle approach the dynamical and
distribution functions are replaced by liftings of paths in a suitably chosen
bundle. Their time evolution is described by appropriate linear transports
along paths in it or, equivalently, by corresponding invariant bundle equations
of motion. In particular, the bundle version of the Liouville equation is
derived.


title: A deterministic origin for instabilities in a magneto-optical trap

abstract:
  The paper reports on the observation of a new type of instabilities in the
atomic cloud of a magneto-optical trap (MOT). They appear as large amplitude
self-oscillations, either periodic or erratic, depending on the parameters. An
original model taking into account the shadow effect and an homogeneous
distribution of the atoms in the cloud is developped. It allows us to show that
these instabilities originate on the one hand from an anomalous Hopf
bifurcation, and on the other hand from the extreme sensitivity of the system
to noise.


title:
Acoustically induced radiation of a charged particle channeling in a
  crystal

abstract:
  We suggest a new type of radiation (acoustically induced radiation - AIR),
which is generated by ultrarelativistic particles channeling in crystal along a
crystal plane (or axis), which is bent by a transverse acoustic wave. The AIR
mechanism allows to make an undulator with characteristics inaccessible in the
undulators based on the motion of particles in the periodic magnetic fields and
also in the field of the laser radiation. The intensity of AIR can easily be
made larger than the intensity of the radiation in a linear crystal and can be
varied in a wide range by varying the frequency and the amplitude of the
acoustic wave.


title: Species Orthogonalization

abstract:
  We discuss general formation of complementary behaviors, functions and forms
in biological species competing for resources. We call orthogonalization the
related processes on macro and micro-level of a self-organized formation of
correlations in the species properties. Orthogonalization processes could be,
for example, easily observed in sympatric speciation, as we show in numerical
studies carried with a new population equation. As a practical result, we find
that the number of species is proportional to the effective richness of
resources and depends on their history.


title:
Semiclassical analysis of the lowest-order multipole deformations of
  simple metal clusters

abstract:
  We use a perturbative semiclassical trace formula to calculate the three
lowest-order multipole (quadrupole $\eps_2$, octupole $\eps_3$, and
hexadecapole $\eps_4$) deformations of simple metal clusters with $90 \le N \le
550$ atoms in their ground states. The self-consistent mean field of the
valence electrons is modeled by an axially deformed cavity and the oscillating
part of the total energy is calculated semiclassically using the shortest
periodic orbits. The average energy is obtained from a liquid-drop model
adjusted to the empirical bulk and surface properties of the sodium metal. We
obtain good qualitative agreement with the results of quantum-mechanical
calculations using Strutinsky's shell-correction method.

categories: physics.atm-clus cond-mat.mes-hall nlin.CD physics.chem-ph


title: Linear Relativity as a Result of Unit Transformation

abstract:
  General Relativity is considered to be so far the best gravitation theory.
However it is quite hard to use in real situations. The root of these
difficulties lays in the non-linearity of the theory. Our aim was not to
linearize the theory, but find the source of non-linearity and get rid of it.
We found that the resolution can be obtained by defining standards and units
properly. We also found that the mathematical method to change the units of
General Relativity has been discussed in general almost 40 years ago by Dicke.
Linear Relativity can be founded by choosing the right function for his
transformation and reinterpret his results.


title:
Coherent radiation of an ultra-relativistic charged particle channeled
  in a periodically bent crystal

abstract:
  We suggest a new type of the undulator radiation which is generated by an
ultra-relativistic particle channeled along a periodically bent
crystallographic plane or axis. The electromagnetic radiation arises mainly due
to the bending of the particle's trajectory, which follows the shape of the
channel. The parameters of this undulator, which totally define the spectrum
and the angular distribution of the radiation (both spontaneous and
stimulated), depend on the type of the crystal and the crystallographic plane
(axis), on the type of a projectile and its energy, and on the shape of the
bent channel, and, thus, can be varied significantly by varying these
characteristics.
  As an example, we consider the acoustically induced radiation (AIR) which is
generated by ultra-relativistic particles channeled in a crystal which is bent
by a transverse acoustic wave. The AIR mechanism allows to make the undulator
with the main parameters varying in wide ranges, which are inaccessible in the
undulators based on the motion of particles in the periodic magnetic fields and
also in the field of the laser radiation. The intensity of AIR can be easily
made larger than the intensity of the radiation in a linear crystal and can be
varied in a wide range by varying the frequency and the amplitude of the
acoustic wave in the crystal. A possibility to generate stimulated emission of
high-energy photons (in keV - MeV region) is also discussed.


title:
Total energy losses due to the radiation in an acoustically based
  undulator: the undulator and the channeling radiation included

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to the investigation of the radiation energy losses of
an ultra-relativistic charged particle channeling along a crystal plane which
is periodically bent by a transverse acoustic wave. In such a system there are
two essential mechanisms leading to the photon emission. The first one is the
ordinary channeling radiation. This radiation is generated as a result of the
transverse oscillatory motion of the particle in the channel. The second one is
the acoustically induced radiation. This radiation is emitted because of the
periodic bending of the particle's trajectory created by the acoustic wave. The
general formalism described in our work is applicable for the calculation of
the total radiative losses accounting for the contributions of both radiation
mechanisms. We analyze the relative importance of the two mechanisms at various
amplitudes and lengths of the acoustic wave and the energy of the projectile
particle. We establish the ranges of projectile particle energies, in which
total energy loss is small for the LiH, C, Si, Ge, Fe and W crystals. This
result is important for the determination of the projectile particle energy
region, in which acoustically induced radiation of the undulator type and also
the stimulated photon emission can be effectively generated. The latter effects
have been described in our previous works.


title:
Spontaneous and stimulated undulator radiation by an ultra-relativistic
  positron channeling in a periodically bent crystal

abstract:
  We discuss the radiation generated by positrons channeling in a crystalline
undulator. The undulator is produced by periodically bending a single crystal
with an amplitude much larger than the interplanar spacing. Different
approaches for bending the crystal are described and the restrictions on the
parameters of the bending are discussed. We also present numeric calculations
of the spontaneous emitted radiation and estimate the conditions for stimulated
emission. Our investigations show that the proposed mechanism could be an
interesting source for high energy photons and is worth to be studied
experimentally.


title:
The influence of the dechanneling process on the photon emission by an
  ultra-relativistc positron channeling in a periodically bent crystal

abstract:
  We investigate, both analytically and numerically, the influence of the
dechanneling process on the parameters of undulator radiation generated by
ultra-relativistic positron channelling along a crystal plane, which is
periodically bent. The bending might be due either to the propagation of a
transverse acoustic wave through the crystal, or due to the static strain as it
occurs in superlattices. In either case the periodically bent crystal serves as
an undulator which allows to generate X-ray and gamma-radiation.
  We propose the scheme for accurate quantitative treatment of the radiation in
presence of the dechanneling. The scheme includes (i) the analytic expression
for spectral-angular distribution which contains, as a parameter, the
dechanneling length, (ii) the simulation procedure of the dechanneling process
of a positron in periodically bent crystals. Using these we calculate the
dechanneling lengths of 5 GeV positrons channeling in Si, Ge and W crystals,
and the spectral-angular and spectral distributions of the undulator over broad
ranges of the photons. The calculations are performed for various parameters of
the channel bending.


title:
Optimal use of time dependent probability density data to extract
  potential energy surfaces

abstract:
  A novel algorithm was recently presented to utilize emerging time dependent
probability density data to extract molecular potential energy surfaces. This
paper builds on the previous work and seeks to enhance the capabilities of the
extraction algorithm: An improved method of removing the generally ill-posed
nature of the inverse problem is introduced via an extended Tikhonov
regularization and methods for choosing the optimal regularization parameters
are discussed. Several ways to incorporate multiple data sets are investigated,
including the means to optimally combine data from many experiments exploring
different portions of the potential. Results are presented on the stability of
the inversion procedure, including the optimal combination scheme, under the
influence of data noise. The method is applied to the simulated inversion of a
double well system.


title:
Channeling of Charged Particles Through Periodically Bent Crystals: on
  the Possibility of a Gamma Laser

abstract:
  We discuss radiation generated by positrons channeling in a crystalline
undulator. The undulator is produced by periodically bending a single crystal
with an amplitude much larger than the interplanar spacing. Different
approaches for bending the crystal are described and the restrictions on the
parameters of the bending are established. We present the results of numeric
calculations of the spectral distributions of the spontaneous emitted radiation
and estimate the conditions for stimulated emission. Our investigations show
that the proposed mechanism provides an efficient source for high energy
photons, which is worth to be studied experimentally.


title:
Total spectrum of photon emission by an ultra-relativistic positron
  channeling in a periodically bent crystal

abstract:
  We present the results of numerical calculations of the channelling and
undulator radiation generated by an ultra-relativistic positron channelling
along a crystal plane, which is periodically bent. The bending might be due
either to the propagation of a transverse acoustic wave through the crystal, or
due to the static strain as it occurs in superlattices. The periodically bent
crystal serves as an undulator. We investigate the dependence of the
intensities of both the ordinary channelling and the undulator radiations on
the parameters of the periodically bent channel with simultaneous account for
the dechannelling effect of the positrons. We demonstrate that there is a range
of parameters in which the undulator radiation dominates over the channelling
one and the characteristic frequencies of both types of radiation are well
separated. This result is important, because the undulator radiation can be
used to create a tunable source of X-ray and gamma-radiation.


title:
Photon emission by ultra-relativistic positrons in crystalline
  undulators: the high-energy regime

abstract:
  This paper discusses the undulator radiation emitted by high-energy positrons
during planar channeling in periodically bent crystals. We demonstrate that the
construction of the undulator for positrons with energies of 10 GeV and above
is only possible if one takes into account the radiative energy losses. The
frequency of the undulator radiation depends on the energy of the particle.
Thus the decrease of the particle's energy during the passage of the crystal
should result in the destruction of the undulator radiation regime. However, we
demonstrate that it is possible to avoid the destructive influence of the
radiative losses on the frequency of the undulator radiation by the appropriate
variation of the shape of the crystal channels. We also discuss a method by
which, to our mind, it would be possible to prepare the crystal with the
desired properties of its channels.


title:
Photon emission by an ultra-relativistic particle channeling in a
  periodically bent crystal

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of the new type of the undulator
radiation generated by an ultra-relativistic charged particle channeling along
a crystal plane, which is periodically bent by a transverse acoustic wave, as
well as to the conditions limiting the observation of this phenomenon. This
mechanism makes feasible the generation of electromagnetic radiation, both
spontaneous and stimulated, emitted in a wide range of the photon energies,
from X- up to gamma-rays.


title:
Temperature and spatial diffusion of atoms cooled in a 3D lin$\perp$lin
  bright optical lattice

abstract:
  We present a detailed experimental study of a three-dimensional lin$\perp$lin
bright optical lattice. Measurements of the atomic temperature and spatial
diffusion coefficients are reported for different angles between the lattice
beams, i.e. for different lattice constants. The experimental findings are
interpretated with the help of numerical simulations. In particular we show,
both experimentally and theoretically, that the temperature is independent of
the lattice constant.


title:
Metric-tensor flexible-cell algorithm for isothermal-isobaric molecular
  dynamics simulations

abstract:
  An extended Hamiltonian approach to conduct isothermal-isobaric molecular
dynamics simulations with full cell flexibility is presented. The components of
the metric tensor are used as the fictitious degrees of freedom for the cell,
thus avoiding the problem of spurious cell rotations and artificial symmetry
breaking effects present in the original Parrinello-Rahman scheme. This is
complemented by the Nose-Poincare approach for isothermal sampling. The
combination of these two approaches leads to equations of motion that are
Hamiltonian in structure, and which can therefore be solved numerically using
recently developed powerful symplectic integrators. One such integrator, the
generalised leap-frog, is employed to provide a numerical algorithm for
integrating the isothermal-isobaric equations of motion obtained.


title:
Raman Spectroscopy of the Eutectic in the Mixed Crystal of the
  Para-Dibromobenzene with the Para-Chloronitrobenzene

abstract:
  The mixed crystal of a para-dibromobenzene with a para-chloronitrobenzene is
investigated at concentration of components from 0% up to 60% of a
para-chloronitrobenzene by the method of Low-Frequency Raman spectroscopy. It
is shown, that in range of concentrations from 25% up to 50% of a
para-chloronitrobenzene the spectrum of the mixed crystal would consist of the
sum of spectrums a and b phases which relation of intensities depends on
concentration of components. It is also found, that the single crystal in this
range has rod frame.


title: On the universality of small scale turbulence

abstract:
  The proposed universality of small scale turbulence is investigated for a set
of measurements in a cryogenic free jet with a variation of the Reynolds number
(Re) from 8500 to 10^6. The traditional analysis of the statistics of velocity
increments by means of structure functions or probability density functions is
replaced by a new method which is based on the theory of stochastic Markovian
processes. It gives access to a more complete characterization by means of
joint probabilities of finding velocity increments at several scales. Based on
this more precise method our results call in question the concept of
universality.


title: A geometric view of Hamiltonian perturbation theory

abstract:
  The variational formulation for Lie-transform Hamiltonian perturbation theory
is presented in terms of an action functional defined on a two-dimensional
parameter space. A fundamental equation in Hamiltonian perturbation theory is
shown to result from the freedom of choice of the integration path for the
action functional.


title: The Uncertainty Relationship In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

abstract:
  The uncertainty relationship in MRI is shown. The result of uncertainty
relationship is compared with other factors influencing the resolution of MRI.
Our estimations show that the uncertainty relationship is of no significance in
practice.


title: On the passive gravitational mass

abstract:
  A good candidate to the role of passive gravitational mass of a
Schwarzschild's incompressible sphere is represented by the substantielle Masse
of the sphere, which is larger than the active gravitational mass. Presumably
this inequality has a general validity, i.e. it is not limited to the
homogeneous spheres of incompressible fluids.


title:
Analysis of Podkletnov's Phenomenon Based on Expansive Nondecelerative
  Universe

abstract:
  Owing to Vaidya metric including, the model of Expansive Nondecelerative
Universe (ENU) is able to localize gravitational energy. Based on the
quantification of gravitational field of the Earth, ENU allows to rationalize
and quantify the effects of a superconductor-based high voltage impulse gravity
generator constructed by Podkletnov. The differences in energy effect observed
for two generators used are explained and improvement of the experiment
arrangement is proposed.


title:
Black Holes - Estimation of Their Lower and Upper Mass Limits Stemming
  from the Model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe

abstract:
  In this contribution, the thermodynamics of black holes is treated by the
model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe (ENU). Based on entropy
considerations and localization of gravitational energy, estimation of both the
lower and upper mass limits of black holes is given. Both mass limits are time
dependent.


title: Finite genome size can halt Muller's ratchet

abstract:
  We study the accumulation of deleterious mutations in a haploid, asexually
reproducing population, using analytical models and computer simulations. We
find that Muller's ratchet can come to a halt in small populations as a
consequence of a finite genome size only, in the complete absence of backward
or compensatory mutations, epistasis, or recombination. The origin of this
effect lies in the fact that the number of loci at which mutations can create
considerable damage decreases with every turn of the ratchet, while the total
number of mutations per genome and generation remains constant. Whether the
ratchet will come to a halt eventually depends on the ratio of the per-locus
deleterious mutation rate $u$ and the selection strength $s$. For sufficiently
small $u/s$, the ratchet halts after only a few clicks. We discuss the
implications of our results for bacterial and virus evolution.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft nlin.AO q-bio


title:
Deviation from Snell's Law for Beams Transmitted Near the Critical
  Angle: Application to Microcavity Lasers

abstract:
  We show that when a narrow beam is incident upon a dielectric interface near
the critical angle for total internal reflection it will be transmitted into
the far-field with an angular deflection from the direction predicted by
Snell's Law, due to a phenomenon we call "Fresnel Filtering". This effect can
be quite large for the parameter range relevant to dielectric microcavity
lasers.


title: A Possibility of Gravity Control in Luminescent Materials

abstract:
  It was demonstrated (gr-qc/9910036) that the gravitational and inertial
masses are correlated by an adimensional factor, which depends on the incident
(or emitted)radiation upon the particle. There is a direct correlation between
the radiation absorbed(or radiated) by the particle and its gravitational mass,
independently of the inertial mass. Only in the absence of electromagnetic
radiation the mentioned factor becomes equal to one. On the other hand, in
specific electromagnetic conditions, it can be reduced, nullified or made
negative. This means that there is the possibility of the gravitational masses
can be reduced, nullified or made negative by means of electromagnetic
radiation. This unexpected theoretical result was confirmed by an experiment
using Extra-Low Frequency(ELF) radiation on ferromagnetic material
(gr-qc/0005107). Recently another experiment using UV light on phosphorescent
plastic have confirmed the phenomenon. We present a complete explanation for
the alterations of the gravitational field in luminescent materials. This work
indicates that the alterations of the gravitational field can be sufficiently
strong to invert the gravity on luminescent materials.


title: Introduction to Muon Cooling

abstract:
  Starting from elementary concepts, muon-beam cooling is defined, and the
techniques by which it can be accomplished introduced and briefly discussed.


title:
New localized Superluminal solutions to the wave equations with finite
  total energies and arbitrary frequencies

abstract:
  By a generalized bidirectional decomposition method, we obtain many new
Superluminal localized solutions to the wave equation (for the electromagnetic
case, in particular) which are suitable for arbitrary frequency bands; various
of them being endowed with finite total energy. We construct, among the others,
an infinite family of generalizations of the so-called "X-shaped" waves. [PACS
nos.: 03.50.De; 41.20;Jb; 83.50.Vr; 62.30.+d; 43.60.+d; 91.30.Fn; 04.30.Nk;
42.25.Bs; 46.40.Cd; 52.35.Lv. Keywords: Wave equations; Wave propagation;
Localized beams; Superluminal waves; Bidirectional decomposition; Bessel beams;
X-shaped waves; Microwaves; Optics; Special relativity; Acoustics; Seismology;
Mechanical waves; Elastic waves; Gravitational waves; Elementary particle
physics].


title:
Coherent control of nuclear spin isomers of molecules: The role of
  molecular motion

abstract:
  Molecular center-of-mass motion is taken into account in the theory of
coherent control of nuclear spin isomers of molecules. It is shown that
infrared radiation resonant to the molecular rovibrational transition can
substantially enrich nuclear spin isomers and speed up their conversion rate.


title:
Alteration of Chemical Concentrations through Discreteness-Induced
  Transitions in Small Autocatalytic Systems

abstract:
  We study an autocatalytic system consisting of several interacting chemical
species. We observe a strong dependence of the concentrations of the chemicals
on the size of the system. This dependence is caused by the discrete nature of
the molecular concentrations. Two basic mechanisms responsible for them are
identified and elucidated. The relevance of the transitions to processes in
biochemical systems and in micro-reactors is briefly discussed.


title:
Relativistic Electron Facility for Education and Research at Hiroshima
  University

abstract:
  The Relativistic Electron Facility for Education and Research (REFER) at
Hiroshima University accepts a 150 MeV electron beam from a microtron, the
injector to the 700 MeV storage ring of the Hiroshima Synchrotron Research
Center, and keep it circulating for 2.5ms without a RF acceleration. It acts as
a beam stretcher and has been used for the following researches: 1) X-ray
generation from an internal multiple foil crystalline target due to the
parametric X-radiation (PXR) and the resonant transition radiation (RTR). 2)
Laser backward Compton scattering. 3) Coherent pair creation from Si crystal by
150 MeV bremsstrahlung. 4) Study of the Ter-Mikaelian effect in the low energy
part of the bremsstrahlung in an extracted electron line. 5) A novel scheme of
beam stabilization by the induction coil. This paper reports the experimental
results and the current status of the REFER electron ring.


title: Weak magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of magnetized plasma

abstract:
  Weak turbulence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in strongly magnetized
plasma is studied when the thermal pressure is less than the magnetic field
pressure. In this situation the main nonlinear mechanism is the resonance
scattering of fast magneto-acoustic and Alfvenic waves on slow magneto-acoustic
waves. As a result, the former waves serve as the high-frequency waves with
respect to the latter ones so that the total number of HF waves - an adiabatic
invariant - conserves additionally. In the weak turbulence regime this
invariant is shown to generate the Kolmogorov type spectrum with a constant
flux of HF waves towards large-scale region. In the short-wave region another
Kolmogorov spectrum can be realized with a constant energy flux. The explicit
angle dependences for both types of turbulent spectra are found for the
propagation angles close to the direction of a mean magnetic field.


title: Creep and Mechanical Oscillator Damping

abstract:
  Although "friction" is included in many models of oscillator damping,
including viscous ones applied to the pendulum; they "miss the mark" with
regard to a conceptual understanding of the mechanisms responsible for energy
loss. The theory of the present paper corrects some of these misunderstandings
by considering the influence of internal friction which derives from the
structural members of the oscillator through secondary rather than primary
creep. The simple model properly describes the variation of Q with frequency.


title:
The $^4$He tetramer ground state in the Faddeev-Yakubovsky differential
  equations formalism

abstract:
  The characteristics of the four $^4$He atom cluster are investigated using
the differential equations for Yakubovsky components. Binding energy,
mean-square radius and density function are calculated for the ground state.The
spatial properties of the cluster and its subsystems are studied.


title: Sympathetic Cooling of Lithium by Laser-cooled Cesium

abstract:
  We present first indications of sympathetic cooling between two neutral,
optically trapped atomic species. Lithium and cesium atoms are simultaneously
stored in an optical dipole trap formed by the focus of a CO$_2$ laser, and
allowed to interact for a given period of time. The temperature of the lithium
gas is found to decrease when in thermal contact with cold cesium. The
timescale of thermalization yields an estimate for the Li-Cs cross-section.


title:
Helium nanodroplet isolation ro-vibrational spectroscopy: methods and
  recent results

abstract:
  In this article, recent developments in HElium NanoDroplet Isolation (HENDI)
spectroscopy are reviewed, with an emphasis on the infrared region of the
spectrum. Topics discussed include experimental details, comparison of
radiation sources, symmetry issues of the helium solvation structure, sources
of line broadening, changes in spectroscopic constants upon solvation, and
applications including formation of novel chemical structures.


title:
Comment on ``Using Fermi Statistics to Create Strongly Coupled Ion
  Plasmas in Atom Traps''

abstract:
  The fermionic exchange energy of ultracold ions is computed. It is shown that
this effect allows to increase the ion coupling in traps by about an order of
magnitude compared to the classical case.


title: Anthropic Fluctuations vs. Weak Anthropic Principle

abstract:
  A modern assessment of the classical Boltzmann-Schuetz argument for
large-scale entropy fluctuations as the origin of our observable cosmological
domain is given. The emphasis is put on the central implication of this picture
which flatly contradicts the weak anthropic principle as an epistemological
statement about the universe. Therefore, to associate this picture with the
anthropic principle as it is usually done is unwarranted. In particular,
Feynman's criticism of the anthropic principle based on the entropy-fluctuation
picture is a product of this semantic confusion.


title: Suspension Flows in a Pipeline with Partial Phase Separation

abstract:
  The formulation of a model for the evolution of the flow of a solid-liquid
mixture (coal-water) in a horizontal pipeline with partial phase separation is
the aim of this work. Problems of instabilities due to complex eigenvalues,
observed in previous models, seem to be completely solved in the present model,
in which we give the genesis of the different terms written in the equations,
coming from the natural definition of mass and momentum balance, and the
consequent proof of well-posedness of the obtained PDE system with
boundary-Cauchy data.
  The model describes a three-layer flow. Most of the material is carried by
the upper layer, while the bottom layer consists of an immobile sediment. The
intermediate layer grows to a maximum thickness and has the role of regulating
the mass exchange between the extreme layers.
  In the last section we present some simulations for a particular choice of
flow regime, and boundary-Cauchy data, that were suggested by experimental
results provided by Snamprogetti (Fano, Italy).


title: Potential Links: Gravity and Nuclear Force

abstract:
  The gravitational inverse square law is microscopic approximation. I suggest
that it should be modified for elementary particles to use the
surface-to-surface separation of the particles rather than the center-to-center
separations. For small particles at macroscopic separations, the ratio between
the center-to-center distance D and the surface-to-surface distance d, D/d,
approaches unity. At microscopic separations, this ratio grows very large. Here
I apply this ratio to several microscopic situations and derive the nuclear
coupling constants. I will then present a model of a gluon/graviton
transformation to justify my surface originating modification.


title:
A possible solution to the solar neutrino problem: Relativistic
  corrections to the Maxwellian velocity distribution

abstract:
  The relativistic corrections to the Maxwellian velocity distribution are
needed for standard solar models. Relativistic equilibrium velocity
distribution, if adopted in standard solar models, will lower solar neutrino
fluxes and change solar neutrino energy spectra but keep solar sound speeds. It
is possibly a solution to the solar neutrino problem.


title:
Robust wave function optimization procedures in quantum Monte Carlo
  methods

abstract:
  The energy variance optimization algorithm over a fixed ensemble of
configurations in variational Monte Carlo is formally identical to a problem of
fitting data: we reexamine it from a statistical maximum-likelihood point of
view. We detect the origin of the problem of convergence that is often
encountered in practice and propose an alternative procedure for optimization
of trial wave functions in quantum Monte Carlo. We successfully test this
proposal by optimizing a trial wave function for the Helium trimer.


title: Matrix Fluid Dynamics

abstract:
  The paper reports the recent results on application and extension of the
matrix formulation of lagrangian hydrodynamic equations. The matrix approach is
based on the notion of continuous deformation of infinitesimal material
elements and treats the Jacobi matrix of their derivatives with respect to
lagrangian variables as the fundamental quantity completely describing fluid
motion. We begin with brief review of the governing matrix equation (for the
detailed discussion see Yakubovich, E.I. & Zenkovich, D.A. 2001 Matrix approach
to Lagrangian fluid dynamics. J. Fluid Mech. vol. 443, 167-196). The new
general relationship between two- and three-dimensional solutions of the matrix
equations is then found and applied to 3-D generalization of plane 'Ptolemaic'
vortices. As a result, families of non-stationary swirling vortices and of
stretched vortices in an axisymmetric strain are constructed and studied. The
set of matrix equations is extended to include the effect of viscosity by
incorporating an evolution equation for the Cauchy invariants, which represents
a lagrangian analogue of the Helmholtz equation for a viscous fluid.


title: Explanation of the mass of the muon

abstract:
  The difference of the rest masses m(pi^+-) - m(mu^+-) is nearly equal to 1/4
of the rest mass of the pi^(+-) mesons and is equal to the sum of the rest
masses of the 0.7 times 10^9 muon neutrinos (respectively anti-muon neutrinos)
which are in the cubic lattice of the pi^(+-) mesons according to the standing
wave model. In the decay of a pi^(+) or pi^(-) meson all muon neutrinos,
respectively anti-muon neutrinos, of the cubic lattice of the pi^(+-) mesons
are emitted. The sum of the oscillation energies of all neutrinos in the
pi^(+-) mesons is the same as the sum of the oscillation energies of the
remaining neutrinos in the mu^(+-) mesons. Consequently the mass of the mu^(+-)
mesons is equal to m(pi^+-) - 0.7 times 10^9 m(nu_mu) or 0.75 times m(pi^+-),
within 1% in agreement with the measured ratio m(mu^+-) / m(pi^+-) = 0.757028.


title:
Simulation of laser-Compton cooling of electron beams for future linear
  colliders

abstract:
  We study a method of laser-Compton cooling of electron beams for future
linear colliders. Using a Monte Carlo code, we evaluate the effects of the
laser-electron interaction for transverse cooling. The optics with and without
chromatic correction for the cooling are examined. The laser-Compton cooling
for JLC/NLC at $E_0=2$ GeV is considered.


title: An Intuitive Approach to Special and General Relativity

abstract:
  The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special
relativity using only simple algebra (Bondi H.: Relativity and Common Sense,
London, Heinemann, 1964). As used by Bondi, k is Doppler shift. This paper
extends the k-calculus to include gravitational red shift and to develop
techniques for an introductory treatment of general relativity in which the
emphasis is on mathematical deduction from physical measurement procedure.
Using ideas of geometric optics, geodesic motion is understood from the
refraction of the wave function due curvature. The k-calculus gives a very
simple derivation of Schwarzschild, showing that the geometry is equivalent to
the existence of a fundamental minimum time, proportional to rest mass, between
the interactions of elementary particles. The Newtonian approximation is seen
from direct application of red shift to the wave function. Finally differential
geometry is introduced, showing that the k-calculus gives an equivalent
treatment of general relativity up to and including the general form of
Einstein's field equation.


title:
About linear threshold of instability Of faraday waves in fluid covered
  by thin film

abstract:
  The solution was found from Navier-Stokes equation and boundary conditions
with interfacial tension as function of the film substance concentration. Here
the method of Chen&Vinals is used. It was found that adding to coefficient
leads to growth of critical value of the driving acceleration.


title: On the Doppler distortion of the sea-wave spectra

abstract:
  Discussions on a form of a frequency spectrum of wind-driven sea waves just
above the spectral maximum have continued for the last three decades. In 1958
Phillips made a conjecture that wave breaking is the main mechanism responsible
for the spectrum formation (Phillips, 1958). That leads to the spectrum decay
$\sim \omega^{-5}$, where $\omega$ is the frequency of waves. There is a
contradiction between the numerous experimental data and this spectrum.
Experiments frequently show decay $\sim\omega^{-4}$ (Toba, 1973),(Donelan et
al, 1985), and (Hwang et al, 1999). There are several ways of the explanation
of this phenomenon. One of them (proposed by Banner (Banner, 1990)) takes into
account the Doppler effect due to surface circular currents generated by
underlying waves in the Phillips model.
  In this article the influence of the Doppler effect on an arbitrary averaged
spectrum is considered using both analytic and numerical approaches. Although
we mostly concentrated on the very important case of Phillips model the
developed technique and general formula can be used for the analysis of other
spectra.
  For the particular case of Phillips spectra we got analytic asymptotics in
the vicinity of spectral maximum and for high frequencies. Results were
obtained for two most important angular dependences of the spectra: isotropic
and strongly anisotropic. Together with the analytic investigation we performed
numerical calculations in a wide range of frequencies. Both high and low
frequency asymptotics are in very good agreement with the numerical results.
  It was shown that at least at low frequencies correction to the spectrum due
to the Doppler shift is negligible. At high frequencies there is an asymptotic
with tail $\sim \omega^{-3}$.

categories: physics.geo-ph nlin.PS physics.ao-ph physics.flu-dyn


title: Non-Linear Dynamics In Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris

abstract:
  We investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of fractal dimension
and detrended fluctuation analysis by comparing the group of patients with
stable angina pectoris without previous myocardial infarction with the group of
age-matched healthy controls. The fractal dimension of the R-R series was
determined using the rescaled range (R/S) analysis technique. To quantify
fractal longe-range-correlation properties of heart rate variability, the
detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) technique was used. The heart rate
variability was characterized by a scaling exponent $\alpha$, separately for
short-term ($<$ 11 beats), and for long-term ($>$ 11 beats) time scales. The
results of data sets show the existence of crossover phenomena between
short-time scales. The short-term fractal scaling exponent was significantly
lower in patients with stable angina pectoris.


title: Maximum pull out force on DNA hybrids

abstract:
  We discuss theoretically the force F between two colloidal particles, each of
them carrying one single strand DNA. The two strands are complementary only on
a finite sequence of consecutive base pairs. We define an adjustment length (a
few base pairs): in the adjustment regions near both ends of the paired region,
the tension is still mainly on one single strand. But in the central part, the
two backbones are equally loaded. This leads to a rupture force, increasing
linearly with length, and saturating for large lengths.


title:
The possible correlation between electromagnetic earth fields and future
  earthquakes

abstract:
  From 23 - 27 July 2001 in the Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear
Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia was held a seminar under the
title: "Possible correlations between electromagnetic earth fields and future
earthquakes" organized by the Institute's Department of "Astrophysical Objects
and Environment".
  As a main result of the first two days seminar work was the prediction of the
direction and the day of the Skyros, Greece earthquake, that was confirned in
the next day: Aeg. Sea, 07/26 00:21:37, 39.06N 24.34E, Depth 19 km, Mag 6.3-
http://www.noa.gr/English/home-en.html.
  Analogously, a month later the day of Yambol, Bulgaria eartquake was
predicted. The papers of A.M.Galper et al (2001), "High- energy charged
particle flux variations in vicinity of Earth as earthquakes precursors",
http://www.pereplet.ru/pops/quakes.html, and
http://science.rambler.ru/db/msg.html?mid=1168269&uri=galper.html, the analysis
of NASA data from http://www.sel.noaa.gov, explained why the Seminar main
hypothesis works and give an optimism the combined earth and satellite
monitoring for earthquakes "prediction" will succeed this time.
  The authors are looking forward and waiting with respect for opinions,
suggestions, and possible collaboration.


title:
Internal energy of high density Hydrogen: Analytical approximations
  compared with path integral Monte Carlo calculations

abstract:
  The internal energy of high-density hydrogen plasmas in the temperature range
$T = 10,000 ... 50,000 K$ is calculated by two different analytical
approximation schemes (method of effective ion-ion interaction potential - EIIP
and Pad\'e approach within the chemical picture - PACH) and compared with path
integral Monte Carlo results. Reasonable agreement between the results obtained
from the three independent calculations is found, the reasons for still
existing differences is investigated. Interesting high density phenomena such
as the formation of clusters and the onset of crystallization are discussed.


title:
Hamiltonian Formalism for Solving the Vlasov-Poisson Equations and Its
  Applications to Periodic Focusing Systems and the Coherent Beam-Beam
  Interaction

abstract:
  A Hamiltonian approach to the solution of the Vlasov-Poisson equations has
been developed. Based on a nonlinear canonical transformation, the rapidly
oscillating terms in the original Hamiltonian are transformed away, yielding a
new Hamiltonian that contains slowly varying terms only. The formalism has been
applied to the dynamics of an intense beam propagating through a periodic
focusing lattice, and to the coherent beam-beam interaction. A stationary
solution to the transformed Vlasov equation has been obtained.


title: Observation of Plasma Focusing of a 28.5 GeV Positron Beam

abstract:
  The observation of plasma focusing of a 28.5 GeV positron beam is reported.
The plasma was formed by ionizing a nitrogen jet only 3 mm thick. Simultaneous
focusing in both transverse dimensions was observed with effective focusing
strengths of order Tesla per micron. The minimum area of the beam spot was
reduced by a factor of 2.0 +/- 0.3 by the plasma. The longitudinal beam
envelope was measured and compared with numerical calculations.


title:
Model Channel Ion Currents in NaCl - SPC/E Solution with Applied-Field
  Molecular Dynamics

abstract:
  Using periodic boundary conditions and a constant applied field, we have
simulated current flow through an 8.125 Angstrom internal diameter, rigid,
atomistic channel with polar walls in a rigid membrane using explicit ions and
SPC/E water. Channel and bath currents were computed from ten 10-ns
trajectories for each of 10 different conditions of concentration and applied
voltage. An electric field was applied uniformly throughout the system to all
mobile atoms. On average, the resultant net electric field falls primarily
across the membrane channel, as expected for two conductive baths separated by
a membrane capacitance. The channel is rarely occupied by more than one ion.
Current-voltage relations are concentration-dependent and superlinear at high
concentrations.


title:
Vector Area Theorem mapping in crystals and polarization stability of
  SIT-solitons

abstract:
  The stability of polarization, areas, and number of self-induced transparency
(SIT)-solitons at the output from the LaF_3:Pr^{3+} crystal is theoretically
studied versus the polarization direction and the area of the input linearly
polarized laser pulse. For this purpose the Vector Area Theorem is rederived
and two-dimensional Vector Area Theorem map is obtained. The map is governed by
the crystal symmetry and takes into account directions of the dipole matrix
element vectors of the different site subgroups of optically excited ions. The
Vector Area Theorem mapping of the time evolution of the laser pulse allows one
to highlight soliton polarization properties.


title:
Stationary flows in quantum dissipative closed circuits as a challenge
  to thermodynamics

abstract:
  An experimentally inspired model is constructed and rigorously solved from
the Hamiltonian level where a dc circular spontaneous flow exists in absence of
a magnetic field, irrespective of presence of dissipation causing otherwise
proper relaxation. The flow causes a spontaneous unidirectional transfer of
heat from one bath to another one, even against temperature step. This is what
is explicitly forbidden by the Clausius form of the Second law of
thermodynamics. The unidirectionality of the flow is caused by that of
spontaneous processes known to bear this property since their introduction by
Einstein. The model slightly improves the previous one (\v{C}\'{a}pek & Sheehan
2002), describes a realistic plasma system for which experimental results
violating the second law were announced, and the result obtained fully supports
the experimental conclusions (Sheehan 1995). Analytical proof of the violation
is supported by numerical results. All mathematical details are exposed, two
fully independent types of mathematical arguments behind starting equations are
invoked, and no approximations that could be made responsible for the striking
conclusions are used. It shows how the physics beyond the Second law is still
little understood.


title:
Characterization of a Low Frequency Power Spectral Density f^(-gamma) in
  a Threshold Model

abstract:
  his study investigates the modifications of the thermal spectrum, at low
frequency, induced by an external damping on a system in heat contact with
internal fluctuating impurities. Those impurities can move among locations and
their oscillations are associated with a loss function depending on the model.
The fluctuation properties of the system are provided by a potential function
shaped by wells, in such a way that jumps between the stationary positions are
allowed. The power spectral density associated with this dissipation mechanism
shows a f^(-gamma)tail. The interest of this problem is that many systems are
characterized by a typical f^(-\gamma) spectral tail at low frequency. The
model presented in this article is based on a threshold type behaviour and its
generality allows applications in several fields. The effects of an external
force, introduced to produce damping, are studied by using both analytical
techniques and numerical simulations. The results obtained with the present
model show that no reduction of the power spectral density is appreciable below
the main peak of the spectral density.


title: Modernizing Newton, to work at any speed

abstract:
  Modification of three ideas underlying Newton's original world view, with
only minor changes in context, might offer two advantages to introductory
physics students. First, the students will experience less cognitive dissonance
when they encounter relativistic effects. Secondly, the map-based Newtonian
tools that they spend so much time learning about can be extended to high
speeds, non-inertial frames, and even (locally, of course) to curved-spacetime.


title:
Molecular Theory of Hydrophobic Effects: ``She is too mean to have her
  name repeated.''

abstract:
  This paper reviews the molecular theory of hydrophobic effects relevant to
biomolecular structure and assembly in aqueous solution. Recent progress has
resulted in simple, validated molecular statistical thermodynamic theories and
clarification of confusing theories of decades ago. Current work is resolving
effects of wider variations of thermodynamic state, e.g. pressure denaturation
of soluble proteins, and more exotic questions such as effects of surface
chemistry in treating stability of macromolecular structures in aqueous
solution


title: Reality of Time

abstract:
  The meaning of instantaneous action at a distance is elucidated. It is shown
that the absence of a medium to transmit action (usually referred to as AAD in
the literature) and instantaneous action are not identical. Since the term
"instantaneous" is incompatible with relativity and field theory, a critique is
presented on the concept of time in relativity. It is argued that relativity
does not deal with the nature of time. Physical reality of the absolute time is
envisaged, and instantaneous action is proposed to be a natural consequence of
it. Possibly gravity is such kind of a force, however the electromagnetic
force, though envisaged as direct particle interaction (i.e. without
intermediary fields) can not be instantaneous.


title: Current-sheet formation in incompressible electron magnetohydrodynamics

abstract:
  The nonlinear dynamics of axisymmetric, as well as helical, frozen-in vortex
structures is investigated by the Hamiltonian method in the framework of ideal
incompressible electron magnetohydrodynamics. For description of current-sheet
formation from a smooth initial magnetic field, local and nonlocal nonlinear
approximations are introduced and partially analyzed that are generalizations
of the previously known exactly solvable local model neglecting electron
inertia. Finally, estimations are made that predict finite-time singularity
formation for a class of hydrodynamic models intermediate between that local
model and the Eulerian hydrodynamics.


title:
Graph kinematics of discrete physical objects: beyond space-time. I.
  General

abstract:
  The necessity of an introduction of discrete physical objects in physics
conception is analysed taking into consideration an optimum stage for
postulating of some like objects in microworld as well as in macroworld
including the new ``physical graph'' as a discrete microobject and carrying out
its analogy with ``Kirchhoff's laws graph'' for an electric network as a
prototype of discrete macroobject which correspond both to discrete sets of
trees -- root trees (for microobjects) or skeleton trees (for macro networks).
The transitions are found connecting the usual $S$-matrix theory with Feynman
integrals and Feynman diagrams and the new physical graph kinematics formalism
which uses the natural root trees basis for the treatment of the structure of
an arbitrary complicated physical microobject with a specific ``graph
microgeometry'' -- beyond space-time consideration. Accordingly to the QCD
results the proton (nucleon) mass is determined in terms of the root trees
number $T_{v=3D11}$=3D1842 which corresponds to v=3D11 physical graph vertices.
It is supposed that by means of a double- and a triple-splitting of the root
trees numbers could be estimated the masses of the various series of another
microobjects.


title:
Graph kinematics of discrete physical objects: beyond space-time. II.
  Microobjects structure in two-layer matrix approximation

abstract:
  A concrete analysis of the general properties and numerical characteristics
of different atomic and nuclear shell systems and subnuclear particles is
carried out on the base of the solution scheme for an introduced in part I
physical graph kinematics which give rise to the two-layer matrix
representation of the structure of any discrete physical microobject within the
self-consistent ``graph geometry''. It is given a Riemann's foundation of the
discrete manifolds in the infinitesimal and a creation of the discrete quantity
notion with an operation of ``count'' of ``homogeneous elements'' (instead of a
``measurement'' with a scale for the continuous quantity). For ``graph
microgeometry'' such special consideration in the framework of Heisenberg's
$S$-matrix particle formalism leads to the proper ``internal geometry'' with
root trees basis provided for, in the first place, an estimation of all masses
of topologically different subnuclear particles.


title:
Graph kinematics of discrete physical objects: beyond space-time. III.
  Heisenberg -- Dyson's two-layer physics approach

abstract:
  In part III is realized the consistent development of Heisenberg--Dyson's
two-layer matrix approximation to the graph formalism for postulating discrete
physical objects (DPO) introduced in parts I-II in the form of discrete sets of
graphs--skeleton ({\bf SvT}) or root ({\bf RvT}) $v$-trees, beyond common
space--time. It is noted that already in the late-1950s one made an attempt to
formulate in physical theory the discontinuity as an element of some special
diagram technique. In the framework of pointed Heisenberg--Dyson's two-layer
matrix scheme, with an incidence {\bf I} and a loop {\bf CD}$(\delta)$ graph
matrices, are got the following main results: (1) the many-``planes'' {\bf SvT}
or {\bf RvT} representation of any DPO in opposition to one-``plane'' physical
objects in continuous physical models; (2) the superposition of different types
of interaction for any microobject where {\bf RvT} representation for
short-ranged interactions (weak, strong) is one-``plane'' and for long-ranged
interactions (gravitational, electromagnetic) is many-``planes''; (3) based on
the incidence matrix {\bf I} (upper layer) ``graph geometry'' of real DPO
describes their peculiar many-``planes'' inner structure beyond common
space--time; (4) the notion of interacting ``charge'' can be extracted only
from the symbolical quantities for the quasi-continuous field ``objects'' by
means of the loop matrix {\bf CD}($\alpha$) (under layer); and some other
concrete results of an analysis of structural peculiarities of DPO.


title: Measurement of Particle Accelerations in Fully Developed Turbulence

abstract:
  We use silicon strip detectors (originally developed for the CLEO III high
energy particle physics experiment) to measure fluid particle trajectories in
turbulence with temporal resolution of up to 70,000 frames per second. This
high frame rate allows the Kolmogorov time scale of a turbulent water flow to
be fully resolved for 140 <= R_lambda <= 970. Particle trajectories exhibiting
accelerations up to 16,000 m\s^2 (40 times the rms value) are routinely
observed. The probability density function of the acceleration is found to have
Reynolds number dependent stretched exponential tails. The moments of the
acceleration distribution are calculated. The scaling of the acceleration
component variance with the energy dissipation is found to be consistent with
the results for low Reynolds number direct numerical simulations, and with the
K41 based Heisenberg-Yaglom prediction for R_lambda >= 500. The acceleration
flatness is found to increase with Reynolds number, and to exceed 60 at
R_lambda = 970. The coupling of the acceleration to the large scale anisotropy
is found to be large at low Reynolds number and to decrease as the Reynolds
number increases, but to persist at all Reynolds numbers measured. The
dependence of the acceleration variance on the size and density of the tracer
particles is measured. The autocorrelation function of an acceleration
component is measured, and is found to scale with the Kolmogorov time tau_eta.


title: Marietta Blau's Work After World War II

abstract:
  This paper has been translated into German and will be included, in a
somewhat altered form, in a book Sterne der Zertrummerung, Marietta Blau,
Wegbereiterin der Moderne Teilchenphysik, Brigitte Strohmaier and Robert
Rosner, eds., Boehlau Verlag, Wien.