title:
Relation between Bid-Ask Spread, Impact and Volatility in Double Auction
  Markets

abstract:
  We show that the cost of market orders and the profit of infinitesimal
market-making or -taking strategies can be expressed in terms of directly
observable quantities, namely the spread and the lag-dependent impact function.
Imposing that any market taking or liquidity providing strategies is at best
marginally profitable, we obtain a linear relation between the bid-ask spread
and the instantaneous impact of market orders, in good agreement with our
empirical observations on electronic markets. We then use this relation to
justify a strong, and hitherto unnoticed, empirical correlation between the
spread and the volatility_per trade_, with R^2s exceeding 0.9. This correlation
suggests both that the main determinant of the bid-ask spread is adverse
selection, and that most of the volatilitycomes from trade impact. We argue
that the role of the time-horizon appearing in the definition of costs is
crucial and that long-range correlations in the order flow, overlooked in
previous studies, must be carefully factored in. We find that the spread is
significantly larger on the nyse, a liquid market with specialists, where
monopoly rents appear to be present.

categories: physics.data-an cond-mat.other physics.soc-ph q-fin.TR


title: On the effects of turbulence on a screw dynamo

abstract:
  In an experiment in the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics in Perm
(Russia) an non--stationary screw dynamo is intended to be realized with a
helical flow of liquid sodium in a torus. The flow is necessarily turbulent,
that is, may be considered as a mean flow and a superimposed turbulence. In
this paper the induction processes of the turbulence are investigated within
the framework of mean--field electrodynamics. They imply of course a part which
leads to an enhanced dissipation of the mean magnetic field. As a consequence
of the helical mean flow there are also helical structures in the turbulence.
They lead to some kind of $\alpha$--effect, which might basically support the
screw dynamo. The peculiarity of this $\alpha$--effect explains measurements
made at a smaller version of the device envisaged for the dynamo experiment.
The helical structures of the turbulence lead also to other effects, which in
combination with a rotational shear are potentially capable of dynamo action. A
part of them can basically support the screw dynamo. Under the conditions of
the experiment all induction effects of the turbulence prove to be rather weak
in comparison to that of the main flow. Numerical solutions of the mean--field
induction equation show that all the induction effects of the turbulence
together let the screw dynamo threshold slightly, at most by one per cent,
rise. The numerical results give also some insights into the action of the
individual induction effects of the turbulence.


title: The clustering of polarity reversals of the geomagnetic field

abstract:
  Often in nature the temporal distribution of inhomogeneous stochastic point
processes can be modeled as a realization of renewal Poisson processes with a
variable rate. Here we investigate one of the classical examples, namely the
temporal distribution of polarity reversals of the geomagnetic field. In spite
of the commonly used underlying hypothesis, we show that this process strongly
departs from a Poisson statistics, the origin of this failure stemming from the
presence of temporal clustering. We find that a Levy statistics is able to
reproduce paleomagnetic data, thus suggesting the presence of long-range
correlations in the underlying dynamo process.

categories: physics.geo-ph astro-ph nlin.CD physics.data-an physics.plasm-ph


title: Cooling in the Universe

abstract:
  One of the questions in the cosmology courses is the cooling mechanism of
cosmic fluid during it expansion according to classical concepts of the
thermodynamics. In this short pedagogical paper, we quote the questions and
give a natural approach dealing with this problem by measuring the dispersion
velocity of the particles in the cosmic fluid by a comoving observer. We show
that the thermal motion of the particles in the cosmic fluid deviates from the
Hubble flow and follows the geodesics governed by the gravity of the
homogeneous universe. The dynamics of the "thermal peculiar velocity" of the
particles leads in an expanding universe, momentum of the particles relax by
the inverse of the expansion factor and the result is losing the energy of
particles, hence cooling the universe.


title:
Rotations and cessations of the large-scale circulation in turbulent
  Rayleigh-Benard convection

abstract:
  We present a broad range of measurements of the angular orientation
theta_0(t) of the large-scale circulation (LSC) of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard
convection as a function of time. We used two cylindrical samples of different
overall sizes, but each with its diameter nearly equal to its height. The fluid
was water with a Prandtl number of 4.38. The time series theta_0(t) consisted
of meanderings similar to a diffusive process, but in addition contained large
and irregular spontaneous reorientation events through angles Delta theta. We
found that reorientations can occur by two distinct mechanisms. One consists of
a rotation of the circulation plane without any major reduction of the
circulation strength. The other involves a cessation of the circulation,
followed by a restart in a randomly chosen new direction. Rotations occurred an
order of magnitude more frequently than cessations. Rotations occurred with a
monotonically decreasing probability distribution p(Delta theta), i.e. there
was no dominant value of Delta theta and small Delta theta were more common
than large ones. For cessations p(Delta theta) was uniform, suggesting that
information of theta_0(t) before the cessation is lost. Both rotations and
cessations have Poissonian statistics in time, and can occur at any theta_0.
The average azimuthal rotation rate increased as the circulation strength of
the LSC decreased. Tilting the sample relative to gravity significantly reduced
the frequency of occurrence of both rotations and cessations.


title:
Spatiotemporal Fluctuation Induced Transition in a Tumor Model with
  Immune Surveillance

abstract:
  We report on a simple model of spatial extend anti-tumor system with a
fluctuation in growth rate, which can undergo a nonequilibrium phase
transition. Three states as excited, sub-excited and non-excited states of a
tumor are defined to describe its growth. The multiplicative noise is found to
be double-face: The positive effect on a non-excited tumor and the negative
effect on an excited tumor.


title: Improved theory of helium fine structure

abstract:
  Improved theoretical predictions for the fine-structure splitting of $2^3P_J$
levels in helium are obtained by the calculation of contributions of order
$\alpha^5 Ry$. New results for transition frequencies, $\nu_{01} = 29 616
943.01(17)$ kHz and $\nu_{12} = 2 291 161.13(30)$ kHz disagree significantly
with the experimental values, indicating an outstanding problem in bound state
QED.


title:
A defect of the electromagnetism and it serves as a hidden variable for
  quantum mechanics

abstract:
  According to the theory of relativity, the 4-vector force acting on a
particle is orthogonal to the 4-vector velocity of the particle, but we found
that the electromagnetic force of the Maxwell's theory can not completely
satisfy this orthogonality, this incompletion leads us to find that the
electromagnetic force has two independent components in the 4 dimensional space
time. A 4-vector force has 4 components, because of the orthogonality of
4-vector force and 4-vector velocity, the number of independent components of
the force reduces to 3, while the electromagnetic force can merely provide 2
independent components, this situation means that there is an undefined
component accompanying the electromagnetic force. This missing undefined
component may serve as a hidden variable which quantum mechanics is eager to
find for a long time. The primary purpose of this paper is to strictly proof
that the electromagnetic force has two independent components in the 4
dimensional space time. We also briefly discuss the possibility that the
undefined component of the electromagnetic force serves as a hidden variable
for quantum mechanics.


title:
Exact Partial Wave Expansion of Optical Beams with Respect to an
  Arbitrary Origin

abstract:
  Using an analytical expression for an integral involving Bessel and Legendre
functions we succeeded to obtain the partial wave decomposition of a general
optical beam at an arbitrary location from the origin. We also showed that the
solid angle integration will eliminate the radial dependence of the expansion
coefficients. The beam shape coefficients obtained are given by an exact
expression in terms of single or double integrals. These integrals can be
evaluated numerically in a short time scale. We presented the results for the
case of linear polarized Gaussian beam.


title:
Regime of Validity of the Pairing Hamiltonian in the Study of Fermi
  Gases

abstract:
  The ground state energy and pairing gap of the interacting Fermi gases
calculated by the {\it ab initio} stochastic method are compared with those
estimated from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing Hamiltonian. We discuss
the ingredients of this Hamiltonian in various regimes of interaction strength.
In the weakly interacting ($1/ak_F <<0$) regime the BCS Hamiltonian should
describe Landau quasi-particle energies and interactions, on the other hand in
the strongly pairing regime, that is $1/ak_F \gtrsim 0$, it becomes part of the
bare Hamiltonian. However, the bare BCS Hamiltonian is not adequate for
describing atomic gases in the regime of weak to moderate interaction strength
$-\infty < 1/ak_F <0$ such as $ak_F \sim -1$.
  PACS: 05.30.Fk, 03.75.Ss, 21.65.+f


title:
A cellular automaton for the factor of safety field in landslides
  modeling

abstract:
  Landslide inventories show that the statistical distribution of the area of
recorded events is well described by a power law over a range of decades. To
understand these distributions, we consider a cellular automaton to model a
time and position dependent factor of safety. The model is able to reproduce
the complex structure of landslide distribution, as experimentally reported. In
particular, we investigate the role of the rate of change of the system
dynamical variables, induced by an external drive, on landslide modeling and
its implications on hazard assessment. As the rate is increased, the model has
a crossover from a critical regime with power-laws to non power-law behaviors.
We suggest that the detection of patterns of correlated domains in monitored
regions can be crucial to identify the response of the system to perturbations,
i.e., for hazard assessment.


title: Physicists in times of war

abstract:
  Though the majority of physicists would probably not support preemptive wars,
nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction would not exist without their
contributions. Einstein's anti-militaristic position has been well-documented
and the present essay recalls the role of some contemporary and past physicists
on this issue. The idea that the rationality of scientific thought is a
reliable antidote against supporting wars in order to achieve political or
ideological aims was neither correct in the past nor is it presently valid. In
the physics community there always existed a minority of supporters of wars of
conquest of territory, domination of people beyond the borders or regime
change. The ``preemptive'' war for the US hegemony in the middle east has given
the problem of ``physicists in times of war'' new actuality, especially on the
third anniversary of its start, with Iraq slipping every day more into civil,
war and the main culprit still talk about a victory for democracy and freedom.
One of the most perplexing appologists of the agressive war of Nazi-Germany
against ``the Bolshevist peril'' has been the physicist Pascual Jordan whose
interesting scientific and controversial political biography is the main issue
of this essay.


title:
Resonant coupling between bulk waves and guided modes in a dielectric
  slab with a thick holographic grating

abstract:
  What we believe to be a new type of resonant coupling of an incident bulk
wave into guided modes of a slab with a thick holographic grating is shown to
occur in the presence of strong frequency detunings of the Bragg condition.
This happens through the reflection of the strongly noneigen +1 diffracted
order with the slab-grating boundaries, the resultant reflected waves forming a
guided slab mode. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis is used for the numerical
analysis of the predicted resonant effects. Possible applications include
enhanced options for the design of multiplexing and demultiplexing systems,
optical signal-processing devices, optical sensors, and measurement techniques.


title: Gravitational Stability for a Vacuum Cosmic Space Crystalline Model

abstract:
  Using Heisenberg's uncertainty principle it is shown that the gravitational
stability condition for a crystalline vacuum cosmic space implies to obtain an
equation formally equivalent to the relation first used by Gamow to predict the
present temperature of the microwave background from the matter density. The
compatibility condition between the quantum and the relativistic approaches has
been obtained without infinities arising from the quantum analysis or
singularities arising from the relativistic theory. The action which leads to
our theory is the least action possible in a quantum scheme. The energy
fluctuation involved in the gravitational stabilization of vacuum space is 10
to the power of (-40) times the energy of the crystalline structure of vacuum
space inside the present Universe volume.


title:
Why do Hurst exponents of traded value increase as the logarithm of
  company size?

abstract:
  The common assumption of universal behavior in stock market data can
sometimes lead to false conclusions. In statistical physics, the Hurst
exponents characterizing long-range correlations are often closely related to
universal exponents. We show, that in the case of time series of the traded
value, these Hurst exponents increase logarithmically with company size, and
thus are non-universal. Moreover, the average transaction size shows scaling
with the mean transaction frequency for large enough companies. We present a
phenomenological scaling framework that properly accounts for such
dependencies.


title:
Mode coupling control in a resonant device: application to solid-state
  ring lasers

abstract:
  A theoretical and experimental investigation of the effects of mode coupling
in a resonant macro- scopic quantum device is achieved in the case of a ring
laser. In particular, we show both analytically and experimentally that such a
device can be used as a rotation sensor provided the effects of mode coupling
are controlled, for example through the use of an additional coupling. A
possible general- ization of this example to the case of another resonant
macroscopic quantum device is discussed.


title: Finite driving rate and anisotropy effects in landslide modeling

abstract:
  In order to characterize landslide frequency-size distributions and
individuate hazard scenarios and their possible precursors, we investigate a
cellular automaton where the effects of a finite driving rate and the
anisotropy are taken into account. The model is able to reproduce observed
features of landslide events, such as power-law distributions, as
experimentally reported. We analyze the key role of the driving rate and show
that, as it is increased, a crossover from power-law to non power-law behaviors
occurs. Finally, a systematic investigation of the model on varying its
anisotropy factors is performed and the full diagram of its dynamical behaviors
is presented.


title: The Cosmological Constant for the Crystalline Vacuum Cosmic Space Model

abstract:
  The value of the cosmological constant arising from a crystalline model for
vacuum cosmic space with lattice parameter of the order of the neutron radius
[1] has been calculated. The model allows to solve, in an easy way, the problem
of the cosmological constant giving the right order of magnitude, which
corresponds very well with the mean value of matter density in the universe.
The obtained value is about 10 to the power of (-48) square Km. Diffraction
experiments with non-thermal neutron beam in cosmic space are proposed to
search for the possibility of crystalline structure of vacuum space and to
measure the lattice parameter.


title: Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of xylenes

abstract:
  This paper describes an experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of
the three isomers of xylene (ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes). For each
compound, ignition delay times of hydrocarbon-oxygen-argon mixtures with fuel
equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2 were measured behind reflected shock waves for
temperatures from 1330 to 1800 K and pressures from 6.7 to 9 bar. The results
show a similar reactivity for the three isomers. A detailed kinetic mechanism
has been proposed, which reproduces our experimental results, as well as some
literature data obtained in a plug flow reactor at 1155 K showing a clear
difference of reactivity between the three isomers of xylene. The main reaction
paths have been determined by sensitivity and flux analyses and have allowed
the differences of reactivity to be explained.


title:
Market Mill Dependence Pattern in the Stock Market: Distribution
  Geometry, Moments and Gaussization

abstract:
  This paper continues a series of studies devoted to analysis of the bivariate
probability distribution P(x,y) of two consecutive price increments x (push)
and y (response) at intraday timescales for a group of stocks. Besides the
asymmetry properties of P(x,y) such as Market Mill dependence patterns
described in preceding paper [1], there are quite a few other interesting
geometrical properties of this distribution discussed in the present paper,
e.g. transformation of the shape of equiprobability lines upon growing distance
from the origin of xy plane and approximate invariance of P(x,y) with respect
to rotations at the multiples of $\pi/2$ around the origin of xy plane. The
conditional probability distribution of response P(y|x) is found to be markedly
non-gaussian at small magnitude of pushes and tending to more gauss-like
behavior upon growing push magnitude. The volatility of P(y|,x) measured by the
absolute value of the response shows linear dependence on the absolute value of
the push, and the skewness of P(y|x) is shown to inherit a sign of the push.
The conditional dynamics approach applied in this study is compared to
regression models of AR-ARCH class.


title: Bessel-X waves: superluminal propagation and the Minkowski space-time

abstract:
  Superluminal behavior has been extensively studied in recent years,
especially with regard to the topic of superluminality in the propagation of a
signal. Particular interest has been devoted to Bessel-X waves propagation,
since some experimental results showed that these waves have both phase and
group velocities greater that light velocity c. However, because of the lack of
an exact definition of signal velocity, no definite answer about the signal
propagation (or velocity of information) has been found. The present paper is a
short note that deals in a general way with this vexed question. By analyzing
the field of existence of the Bessel X-wave in pseudo-Euclidean space-time, it
is possible to give a general description of the propagation, and to overcome
the specific question related to a definition of signal velocity.


title: Do we really need the Anthropic Principle?

abstract:
  Dalai Lama suggested a healthy dose of skepticism toward religious
pronouncements


title: Neutrino: Past, Present and Future

abstract:
  History of Neutrino Physics is revied with special emphasis on anecdotal
events often neglected.


title: Bose-Einstein Condensate Driven by a Kicked Rotor in a Finite Box

abstract:
  We study the effect of different heating rates of a dilute Bose gas confined
in a quasi-1D finite, leaky box. An optical kicked-rotor is used to transfer
energy to the atoms while two repulsive optical beams are used to confine the
atoms. The average energy of the atoms is localized after a large number of
kicks and the system reaches a nonequilibrium steady state. A numerical
simulation of the experimental data suggests that the localization is due to
energetic atoms leaking over the barrier. Our data also indicates a correlation
between collisions and the destruction of the Bose-Einstein condensate
fraction.


title:
Optimizing the Stark-decelerator beamline for the trapping of cold
  molecules using evolutionary strategies

abstract:
  We demonstrate feedback control optimization for the Stark deceleration and
trapping of neutral polar molecules using evolutionary strategies. In a
Stark-decelerator beamline pulsed electric fields are used to decelerate OH
radicals and subsequently store them in an electrostatic trap. The efficiency
of the deceleration and trapping process is determined by the exact timings of
the applied electric field pulses. Automated optimization of these timings
yields an increase of 40 % of the number of trapped OH radicals.


title: Energy and expectation values of the PsH system

abstract:
  Close to converged energies and expectation values for PsH are computed using
a ground state wave function consisting of 1800 explicitly correlated
gaussians. The best estimate of the PsH$^{\infty}$ energy was -0.789196740
hartree which is the lowest variational energy to date. The 2$\gamma$
annihilation rate for PsH$^{\infty}$ was $2.47178\times 10^{9}$ s$^{-1}$.


title: The lack of rotation in the Trouton-Noble experiment

abstract:
  The absence of any tendency toward rotation in the Trouton-Noble experiment
is given a simple explanation.


title: An EIT search for Lorentz violating signals

abstract:
  A test of Lorentz invariance has been performed using an EIT resonance as a
precision frequency discriminator within an Ives-Stilwell like apparatus. We
analyse the experiment within the framework of the Standard Model Extension and
have made the first direct measurment of the parameter
$\kappa_{tr}<1.6\times10^{-5}$.


title:
String theory, the crisis in particle physics and the ascent of
  metaphoric arguments

abstract:
  This essay presents a critical evaluation of the concepts of string theory
and its impact on particle physics. The point of departure is a historical
review of four decades of string theory within the broader context of six
decades of failed attempts at an autonomous S-matrix approach to particle
theory. The central message, contained in sections 5 and 6, is that string
theory is not what its name suggests, namely a theory of of objects in
spacetime whose localization is string- instead of point-like. Contrary to
popular opinion the oscillators corresponding to the Fourier models of a
quantum mechanical string do not cause a stringlike spatial extension of the
object under discussion and neither does the "range space" of a chiral
conformal QFT acquire the interpretation of string-like localized quantum
matter. Rather the superstring represents a solution of a problem which enjoyed
some popularity in the 60s: the construction of infinite component wave
function with a (realistic) mass/spin spectrum. The mass/spin tower "sits" over
one point and does not arise from a string in spacetime. The widespread
acceptance of a theory whose interpretation has been based on metaphoric
reasoning had a corroding influence on particle theory, a point which will be
illustrated in the last section with some remarks of a more sociological
nature.


title: Assessing Hypothetical Gravity Control Propulsion

abstract:
  Gauging the benefits of hypothetical gravity control propulsion is difficult,
but addressable. The major challenge is that such breakthroughs are still only
notional concepts rather than being specific methods from which performance can
be rigorously quantified. A recent assessment by Tajmar and Bertolami used the
rocket equation to correct naive misconceptions, but a more fundamental
analysis requires the use of energy as the basis for comparison. The energy of
a rocket is compared to an idealized space drive for the following cases:
Earth-to-orbit, interstellar transit, and levitation. The space drive uses 3.6
times less energy for Earth to orbit. For deep space travel, space drive energy
scales as the square of delta-v, while rocket energy scales exponentially. This
has the effect of rendering a space drive 150-orders-of-magnitude better than a
17,000-sec Specific Impulse rocket for sending a modest 5000 kg probe to
traverse 5 light-years in 50 years. Indefinite levitation, which is impossible
for a rocket, could conceivably require 62 MJ/kg for a space drive. Assumption
sensitivities and further analysis options are listed to guide further
inquires.


title:
A Thought of Wrapping Space Shuttle External Tank with Ceramic Fiber
  Fishnet Stockings

abstract:
  The new camera system of the shuttle Discovery on STS-114 that blasted off at
10:39am, Tuesday, July 26, 2005, after 906 days of grounding since the Columbia
accident, has produced high resolution data of foam sheddings. The 0.9 lbs
piece from the Protuberance Air Load (PAL) ramp on the LH2 tank is believed to
be comparable in its potential adversities to the $\sim 1.67$ lbs BX-250 foam
from the $-Y$ bipod ramp that demised shuttle Columbia in 2003. The two known
incidences indicate that protuberant foams, possibly in conjunction with the
liquid hydrogen temperature, offer lame targets of the aerodynamic forces.
Seven other relatively large divots in the STS-114 external tank foam
insulation have been reported, and foam shedding remains to be a challenge to
be resolved before the next space shuttle launch. The relatively large divots
from the newly streamlined foam around the -Y bipod area suggests a potential
necessity for a new line of resolution.
  We suggest an option to wrap the insulated external fuel tank with a grid of
high temperature resistant ceramic fibers ({\it ceramic fiber fishnet
stockings}). Assuming fiducial acreage of $20000 ft^2 $, one inch square cell
single fiber grid will weigh only $60g$ with fiber cost \$66. Even with
1500-fiber-equivalent strength, one inch square cell grid will add only $200
lbs$ and "miniscule" \$100,000.


title: Simplified Variational Principles for Barotropic Magnetohydrodynamics

abstract:
  Variational principles for magnetohydrodynamics were introduced by previous
authors both in Lagrangian and Eulerian form. In this paper we introduce
simpler Eulerian variational principles from which all the relevant equations
of barotropic magnetohydrodynamics can be derived. The variational principle is
given in terms of six independent functions for non-stationary barotropic flows
and three independent functions for stationary barotropic flows. This is less
then the seven variables which appear in the standard equations of barotropic
magnetohydrodynamics which are the magnetic field $\vec B$ the velocity field
$\vec v$ and the density $\rho$. The equations obtained for non-stationary
barotropic magnetohydrodynamics resemble the equations of Frenkel, Levich &
Stilman \cite{FLS}. The connection between the Hamiltonian formalism introduced
in \cite{FLS} and the present Lagrangian formalism (with Eulerian variables)
will be discussed. Finally the relations between barotropic
magnetohydrodynamics topological constants and the functions of the present
formalism will be elucidated.

categories: physics.plasm-ph astro-ph math-ph math.MP physics.flu-dyn


title:
Magneto-Dielectric Substrates in Antenna Miniaturization: Potential and
  Limitations

abstract:
  In the present paper we discuss antenna miniaturization using
magneto-dielectric substrates. Recent results found in the literature reveal
that advantages over conventional dielectric substrates can only be achieved if
natural magnetic inclusions are embedded into the substrate. This observation
is revised and the physical background is clarified. We present a detailed
discussion concerning magnetic materials available in the microwave regime and
containing natural magnetic constituents. The effects of magnetic dispersion
and loss are studied: constraints on the microwave permeability are used to
estimate the effect of magnetic substrates on the achievable impedance
bandwidth. Microwave composites filled with thin ferromagnetic films are
considered as a prospective antenna substrate. We calculate the impedance
bandwidth for a $\lambda/2$-patch antenna loaded with the proposed substrate,
and challenge the results against those obtained with conventional dielectric
substrates. It is shown that the radiation quality factor is strongly minimized
with the proposed substrate even in the presence of realistic losses. Estimates
for the radiation efficiency are given as a function of the magnetic loss
factor.


title: On an Improvement of the Planck radiation Energy Distribution

abstract:
  The probability distribution function for thermodynamics and econophysics is
obtained by solving an equilibrium equation. This approach is different from
the common one of optimizing the entropy of the system or obtaining the state
of maximum probability, which usually obtains as a result the Boltzmann
distribution. The Gamma distribution is proposed as a better equation to
describe the blackbody radiation in substitution of Planck's radiation
equation. Also, a new form of entropy is proposed, that maintains the correct
relation with the Clausius' formula.


title: The quantum character of physical fields. Foundations of field theories

abstract:
  The existing field theories are based on the properties of closed exterior
forms, which are invariant ones and correspond to conservation laws for
physical fields. Hence, to understand the foundations of field theories and
their unity, one has to know how such closed exterior forms are obtained.
  In the present paper it is shown that closed exterior forms corresponding to
field theories are obtained from the equations modelling conservation
(balance)laws for material media. It has been developed the evolutionary method
that enables one to describe the process of obtaining closed exterior forms.
  The process of obtaining closed exterior forms discloses the mechanism of
evolutionary processes in material media and shows that material media
generate, discretely, the physical structures, from which the physical fields
are formed. This justifies the quantum character of field theories.
  On the other hand, this process demonstrates the connection between field
theories and the equations for material media and points to the fact that the
foundations of field theories must be conditioned by the properties of material
media. It is shown that the external and internal symmetries of field theories
are conditioned by the degrees of freedom of material media. The classification
parameter of physical fields and interactions, that is, the parameter of the
unified field theory, is connected with the number of noncommutative balance
conservation laws for material media.


title:
A master relation defines the nonlinear viscoelasticity of single
  fibroblasts

abstract:
  Cell mechanical functions like locomotion, contraction and division are
controlled by the cytoskeleton, a dynamic biopolymer network whose mechanical
properties remain poorly understood. We perform single-cell uniaxial stretching
experiments on 3T3 fibroblasts. By superimposing small amplitude oscillations
on a mechanically prestressed cell, we find a transition from linear
viscoelastic behavior to power-law stress stiffening. Data from different cells
over several stress decades can be uniquely scaled to obtain a master-relation
between the viscoelastic moduli and the average force. Remarkably, this
relation holds independently of deformation history, adhesion biochemistry, and
intensity of active contraction. In particular, it is irrelevant whether force
is actively generated by the cell or externally imposed by stretching. We
propose that the master-relation reflects the mechanical behavior of the force
bearing actin cytoskeleton, in agreement with stress stiffening known from
semiflexible filament networks.


title:
Calculation of the One- and Two-Loop Lamb Shift for Arbitrary Excited
  Hydrogenic States

abstract:
  General expressions for quantum electrodynamic corrections to the one-loop
self-energy [of order alpha(Zalpha)^6] and for the two-loop Lamb shift [of
order alpha^2(Z\alpha)^] are derived. The latter includes all diagrams with
closed fermion loops. The general results are valid for arbitrary excited non-S
hydrogenic states and for the normalized Lamb shift difference of S states,
defined as Delta_n = n^3 DeltaE(nS) - DeltaE(1S). We present numerical results
for one-loop and two-loop corrections for excited S, P and D states. In
particular, the normalized Lamb shift difference of S states is calculated with
an uncertainty of order 0.1 kHz.


title: Perspectives for Monte Carlo simulations on the CNN Universal Machine

abstract:
  Possibilities for performing stochastic simulations on the analog and fully
parallelized Cellular Neural Network Universal Machine (CNN-UM) are
investigated. By using a chaotic cellular automaton perturbed with the natural
noise of the CNN-UM chip, a realistic binary random number generator is built.
As a specific example for Monte Carlo type simulations, we use this random
number generator and a CNN template to study the classical site-percolation
problem on the ACE16K chip. The study reveals that the analog and parallel
architecture of the CNN-UM is very appropriate for stochastic simulations on
lattice models. The natural trend for increasing the number of cells and local
memories on the CNN-UM chip will definitely favor in the near future the CNN-UM
architecture for such problems.


title: Osmotically Driven Shape Transformations in Axons

abstract:
  We report a cylindrical-peristaltic shape transformation in axons exposed to
a controlled osmotic perturbation. The peristaltic shape relaxes and the axon
recovers its original geometry within minutes. We show that the shape
instability depends critically on swelling rate and that volume and membrane
area regulation are responsible for the shape relaxation. We propose that
volume regulation occurs via leakage of ions driven by elastic pressure, and
analyse the peristaltic shape dynamics taking into account the internal
structure of the axon. The results obtained provide a framework for
understanding peristaltic shape dynamics in nerve fibers occurring in vivo.


title: Nonrelativistic QED approach to the Lamb shift

abstract:
  We calculate the one- and two-loop corrections of order alpha(Zalpha)^6 and
alpha^2(Zalpha)^6 respectively, to the Lamb shift in hydrogen-like systems
using the formalism of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. We obtain
general results valid for all hydrogenic states with nonvanishing orbital
angular momentum and for the normalized difference of S-states. These results
involve the expectation value of local effective operators and relativistic
corrections to Bethe logarithms. The one-loop correction is in agreement with
previous calculations for the particular cases of S, P, and D states. The
two-loop correction in the order alpha^2(Zalpha)^6 includes the pure two-loop
self-energy and all diagrams with closed fermion loops. The obtained results
allow one to obtain improved theoretical predictions for all excited hydrogenic
states.


title: Application of Unit Time Block Entropy to Fetal Distress Heart Rate

abstract:
  Recently, multiple time scale characteristics of heart dynamics have received
much attention for distinguishing healthy and pathologic cardiac systems.
Despite structural peculiarities of the fetal cardiovascular system, the fetal
heart rate(FHR) displays multiple time scale characteristics similar to the
adult heart rate due to the autorhythmicity of its different oscillatory
tissues and its interaction with other neural controllers. In this paper, we
investigate the event and time scale characteristics of the normal and two
pathologic fetal heart rate groups with the help of the new measure, called the
Unit Time Block Entropy(UTBE), which approximates the entropy at each event and
time scale based on symbolic dynamics. This method enables us to match the
measurement time and the number of words between fetal heart rate data sets
simultaneously. We find that in the small event scale and the large time scale,
the normal fetus and the two pathologic fetus are completely distinguished. We
also find that in the large event scale and the small time scale, the presumed
distress fetus and the acidotic distress fetus are significantly distinguished.


title:
High Resolution Frequency Standard Dissemination via Optical Fibre
  Metropolitan Network

abstract:
  We present in this paper results on a new dissemination system of
ultra-stable reference signal at 100 MHz on a standard fibre network. The 100
MHz signal is simply transferred by amplitude modulation of an optical carrier.
Two different approaches for compensating the noise introduced by the link have
been implemented. The limits of the two systems are analyzed and several
solution suggested in order to improve the frequency stability and to further
extend the distribution distance. Nevertheless, our system is a good tool for
the best cold atom fountains comparison between laboratories, up to 100 km,
with a relative frequency resolution of 10-14 at one second integration time
and 10-17 for one day of measurement. The distribution system may be upgraded
to fulfill the stringent distribution requirements for the future optical
clocks.


title: Surrogate testing of volatility series from long-range correlated noise

abstract:
  Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) [1] of the volatility series has been
found to be useful in dentifying possible nonlinear/multifractal dynamics in
the empirical sample [2-4]. Long-range volatile correlation can be an outcome
of static as well as dynamical nonlinearity. In order to argue in favor of
dynamical nonlinearity, surrogate testing is used in conjunction with
volatility analysis [2-4]. In this brief communication, surrogate testing of
volatility series from long-range correlated noise and their static, invertible
nonlinear transforms is investigated. Long-range correlated monofractal noise
is generated using FARIMA (0, d, 0) with Gaussian and non-Gaussian innovations.
We show significant deviation in the scaling behavior between the empirical
sample and the surrogate counterpart at large time-scales in the case of FARIMA
(0, d, 0) with non-Gaussian innovations whereas no such discrepancy was
observed in the case of Gaussian innovations. The results encourage cautious
interpretation of surrogate testing in the presence of non-Gaussian
innovations.


title:
Focusing a fountain of neutral cesium atoms with an electrostatic lens
  triplet

abstract:
  An electrostatic lens with three focusing elements in an alternating-gradient
configuration is used to focus a fountain of cesium atoms in their ground
(strong-field-seeking) state. The lens electrodes are shaped to produce only
sextupole plus dipole equipotentials which avoids adding the unnecessary
nonlinear forces present in cylindrical lenses. Defocusing between lenses is
greatly reduced by having all of the main electric fields point in the same
direction and be of nearly equal magnitude. The addition of the third lens gave
us better control of the focusing strength in the two transverse planes and
allowed focusing of the beam to half the image size in both planes. The beam
envelope was calculated for lens voltages selected to produced specific
focusing properties. The calculations, starting from first principles, were
compared with measured beam sizes and found to be in good agreement.
Application to fountain experiments, atomic clocks, and focusing polar
molecules in strong-field-seeking states is discussed.


title:
Feasibility of a storage ring for polar molecules in
  strong-field-seeking states

abstract:
  We show, through modeling and simulation, that it is feasible to construct a
storage ring that will store dense bunches of strong-field-seeking polar
molecules at 30 m/s (kinetic energy of 2K) and hold them, for several minutes,
against losses due to defocusing, oscillations, and diffusion. The ring, 3 m in
diameter, has straight sections that afford access to the stored molecules and
a lattice structure that may be adapted for evaporative cooling. Simulation is
done using a newly-developed code that tracks the particles, in time, through
400 turns; it accounts for longitudinal velocity changes as a function of
external electric field, focusing and deflection nonlinearities, and the
effects of gravity. An injector, decelerator, and source are included and
intensities are calculated.


title:
Functional differentiation under simultaneous conservation constraints
  (Constrained functional differentiation in statistical physics and
  hydrodynamics)

abstract:
  Analytical formulae for functional differentiation under simultaneous
K-conservation constraints, with K the integral of some function of the
functional variable, are derived, making the proper account for the
simultaneous conservation of normalization and statistical averages, e.g.,
possible in functional differentiation in nonvariationally built physical
theories, which gets particular relevance for nonequilibrium, time-dependent
theories.

categories: physics.flu-dyn cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.FA math.MP


title:
Analysis of Non-stationary Data for Heart-Rate Fluctuations in Terms of
  Drift and Diffusion Coefficients

abstract:
  We describe a method for analyzing the stochasticity in the non-stationary
data for the beat-to-beat fluctuations in the heart rates of healthy subjects,
as well as those with congestive heart failure. The method analyzes the returns
time series of the data as a Markov process, and computes the Markov time
scale, i.e., the time scale over which the data are a Markov process. We also
construct an effective stochastic continuum equation for the return series. We
show that the drift and diffusion coefficients, as well as the amplitude of the
returns time series for healthy subjects are distinct from those with CHF.
Thus, the method may potentially provide a diagnostic tool for distinguishing
healthy subjects from those with congestive heart failure, as it can
distinguish small differences between the data for the two classes of subjects
in terms of well-defined and physically-motivated quantities.


title: Visible, EUV, and X-ray Spectroscopy at the NIST EBIT Facility

abstract:
  After a brief introduction to the NIST EBIT facility, we present the results
of three different types of experiments that have been carried out there
recently: EUV and visible spectroscopy in support of the microelectronics
industry, laboratory astrophysics using an x-ray microcalorimeter, and charge
exchange studies using extracted beams of highly charged ions.

categories: physics.atom-ph astro-ph physics.plasm-ph quant-ph


title:
Unreduced Dynamic Complexity: Towards the Unified Science of Intelligent
  Communication Networks and Software

abstract:
  Operation of autonomic communication networks with complicated user-oriented
functions should be described as unreduced many-body interaction process. The
latter gives rise to complex-dynamic behaviour including fractally structured
hierarchy of chaotically changing realisations. We recall the main results of
the universal science of complexity (physics/9806002) based on the unreduced
interaction problem solution and its application to various real systems, from
nanobiosystems (physics/0412097, physics/0502133) and quantum devices
(physics/0211071) to intelligent networks (physics/0412058) and emerging
consciousness (physics/0409140). We concentrate then on applications to
autonomic communication leading to fundamentally substantiated, exact science
of intelligent communication and software. It aims at unification of the whole
diversity of complex information system behaviour, similar to the conventional,
"Newtonian" science order for sequential, regular models of system dynamics.
Basic principles and first applications of the unified science of
complex-dynamic communication networks and software are outlined to demonstrate
its advantages and emerging practical perspectives.


title: InP-based two-dimensional photonic crystals filled with polymers

abstract:
  Polymer filling of the air holes of Indium Phosphide based two-dimensional
photonic crystals is reported. After infiltration of the holes with a liquid
monomer and solidification of the infill in situ by thermal polymerization,
complete filling is proven using scanning electron microscopy. Optical
transmission measurements of a filled photonic crystal structure exhibit a
redshift of the air band, confirming the complete filling.


title:
Determination of the Carrier-Envelope Phase of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses
  with Terahertz-Emission Spectroscopy

abstract:
  The availability of few-cycle optical pulses opens a window to physical
phenomena occurring on the attosecond time scale. In order to take full
advantage of such pulses, it is crucial to measure and stabilise their
carrier-envelope (CE) phase, i.e., the phase difference between the carrier
wave and the envelope function. We introduce a novel approach to determine the
CE phase by down-conversion of the laser light to the terahertz (THz) frequency
range via plasma generation in ambient air, an isotropic medium where optical
rectification (down-conversion) in the forward direction is only possible if
the inversion symmetry is broken by electrical or optical means. We show that
few-cycle pulses directly produce a spatial charge asymmetry in the plasma. The
asymmetry, associated with THz emission, depends on the CE phase, which allows
for a determination of the phase by measurement of the amplitude and polarity
of the THz pulse.


title:
Uniformly moving clocks in special relativity: Time dilatation, but no
  relativity of simultaneity or length contraction

abstract:
  Time-like and space-like invariant space-time intervals are used to analyse
measurements of spatial and temporal distances defined by two
spatially-separated clocks. The time dilatation effect is confirmed, but not
`relativity of simultaneity' or `relativistic length contraction'. How these
latter, spurious, effects arise from misuse of the Lorentz transformation is
also explained.


title: A possible cosmological effect on the quantum-to-classical transition

abstract:
  Although cosmic expansion at very small distances is usually dismissed as
entirely inconsequential, these extraordinarily small effects may in fact have
a real and significant influence on our world. A calculation suggests that the
minute recessional velocities associated with regions encompassed by extended
bodies may have a role in creating the distinction between quantum and
classical behavior. Using the criterion that the uncertainty in position should
be smaller than the size of an object together with estimates based on the
range of Hubble velocities extending through the object lead to a threshold
size that could provide a fundamental limit distinguishing the realm of objects
governed by classical laws from those governed by quantum mechanics.


title:
On the Possibility of Large Upconversions and Mode Coupling between
  Frohlich States and Visible Photons in Biological Systems

abstract:
  At least two significant roles for large scale quantum coherence in living
systems have been suggested: Herbert Fr\"{o}hlich's coherent excitations of
nonlinearly coupled ensembles of large polarizable molecules, with frequencies
in the microwave region, and Fritz Popp's coherent visible photon emission
arising from metabolically active cells. The large difference in frequencies
has made it difficult to see these two phenomena as being linked. Here a case
is made for a potentially large coupling between these modes, and suggestions
are made for the biological roles played by these coherent excitations.


title: Power laws and market crashes

abstract:
  In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the statistical properties of a
statistical ensemble of stock prices. We selected 1200 stocks traded on the
Tokyo Stock Exchange, and formed a statistical ensemble of daily stock prices
for each trading day in the 3-year period from January 4, 1999 to December 28,
2001, corresponding to the period of the forming of the internet bubble in
Japn, and its bursting in the Japanese stock market. We found that the tail of
the complementary cumulative distribution function of the ensemble of stock
prices in the high value of the price is well described by a power-law
distribution, $ P(S>x) \sim x^{-\alpha} $, with an exponent that moves in the
range of $ 1.09 < \alpha < 1.27 $. Furthermore, we found that as the power-law
exponents $ \alpha $ approached unity, the bubbles collapsed. This suggests
that Zipf's law for stock prices is a sign that bubbles are going to burst.
  PACS: 89.65.Gh


title:
Statistical properties of absolute log-returns and a stochastic model of
  stock markets with heterogeneous agents

abstract:
  This paper is intended as an investigation of the statistical properties of
{\it absolute log-returns}, defined as the absolute value of the logarithmic
price change, for the Nikkei 225 index in the 28-year period from January 4,
1975 to December 30, 2002. We divided the time series of the Nikkei 225 index
into two periods, an inflationary period and a deflationary period. We have
previously [18] found that the distribution of absolute log-returns can be
approximated by the power-law distribution in the inflationary period, while
the distribution of absolute log-returns is well described by the exponential
distribution in the deflationary period.\par To further explore these empirical
findings, we have introduced a model of stock markets which was proposed in
[19,20]. In this model, the stock market is composed of two groups of traders:
{\it the fundamentalists}, who believe that the asset price will return to the
fundamental price, and {\it the interacting traders}, who can be noise traders.
We show through numerical simulation of the model that when the number of
interacting traders is greater than the number of fundamentalists, the
power-law distribution of absolute log-returns is generated by the interacting
traders' herd behavior, and, inversely, when the number of fundamentalists is
greater than the number of interacting traders, the exponential distribution of
absolute log-returns is generated.


title: Majorana and the path-integral approach to Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  We give, for the first time, the English translation of a manuscript by
Ettore Majorana, which probably corresponds to the text for a seminar delivered
at the University of Naples in 1938, where he lectured on Theoretical Physics.
Some passages reveal a physical interpretation of the Quantum Mechanics which
anticipates of several years the Feynman approach in terms of path integrals,
independently of the underlying mathematical formulation.

categories: physics.hist-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.ed-ph physics.pop-ph


title: Generic features of the wealth distribution in ideal-gas-like markets

abstract:
  We provide an exact solution to the ideal-gas-like models studied in
econophysics to understand the microscopic origin of Pareto-law. In these class
of models the key ingredient necessary for having a self-organized scale-free
steady-state distribution is the trading or collision rule where agents or
particles save a definite fraction of their wealth or energy and invests the
rest for trading. Using a Gibbs ensemble approach we could obtain the exact
distribution of wealth in this model. Moreover we show that in this model (a)
good savers are always rich and (b) every agent poor or rich invests the same
amount for trading. Nonlinear trading rules could alter the generic scenario
observed here.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.gen-ph q-fin.GN


title:
Brownian Motion after Einstein: Some new applications and new
  experiments

abstract:
  The first half of this chapter describes the development in mathematical
models of Brownian motion after Einstein's seminal papers and current
applications to optical tweezers. This instrument of choice among
single-molecule biophysicists is also an instrument of precision that requires
an understanding of Brownian motion beyond Einstein's. This is illustrated with
some applications, current and potential, and it is shown how addition of a
controlled forced motion on the nano-scale of the tweezed object's thermal
motion can improve the calibration of the instrument in general, and make it
possible also in complex surroundings. The second half of the present chapter,
starting with Sect. 9, describes the co-evolution of biological motility models
with models of Brownian motion, including very recent results for how to derive
cell-type-specific motility models from experimental cell trajectories.


title:
Comoving acceleration of overdense electron-positron plasma by colliding
  ultra-intense laser pulses

abstract:
  Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results of sustained acceleration of
electron-positron (e+e-) plasmas by comoving electromagnetic (EM) pulses are
presented. When a thin slab of overdense e+e- plasma is irradiated with
linear-polarized ultra-intense short laser pulses from both sides, the pulses
are transmitted when the plasma is compressed to thinner than ~ 2 relativistic
skin depths. A fraction of the plasma is then captured and efficiently
accelerated by self-induced JxB forces. For 1 micron laser and 1021Wcm-2
intensity, the maximum energy exceeds GeV in a picosecond.


title: Wavelet entropy of stochastic processes

abstract:
  We compare two different definitions for the wavelet entropy associated to
stochastic processes. The first one, the Normalized Total Wavelet Entropy
(NTWS) family [Phys. Rev. E 57 (1998) 932; J. Neuroscience Method 105 (2001)
65; Physica A (2005) in press] and a second introduced by Tavares and Lucena
[Physica A 357 (2005)~71]. In order to understand their advantages and
disadvantages, exact results obtained for fractional Gaussian noise (-1<alpha<
1) and the fractional Brownian motion (1 < alpha < 3) are assessed. We find out
that NTWS family performs better as a characterization method for these
stochastic processes.


title: Slow Light Propagation in a Linear-Response Three-Level Atomic Vapor

abstract:
  We observe pulse delays of up to twenty times the input pulse duration when
200-ps laser pulses pass through a hot Rb 85 vapor cell. The pulse peak travels
with a velocity equal to c/20, and the energy transmission is 5%. For pulses
with linewidth greater than typical features in the atomic dispersion, pulse
delay is predicted and observed for all center frequencies near resonance.
Pulse advance is never observed. The measurements are in good agreement with a
three-level linear-dispersion calculation. We are able to control the amount of
delay by using a steady-state laser beam for optical pumping of the ground
states prior to sending in the test pulse.


title: Screened QED corrections to the g factor of Li-like ions

abstract:
  The screened QED corrections to the g factor of Li-like ions are evaluated
utilizing an effective potential approach. The evaluation is performed within
the range of nuclear charge numbers Z=32-92. The results obtained serve for
improving the theoretical predictions for the g factor of heavy Li-like ions.


title:
Statistical properties of daily ensemble variables in the Chinese stock
  markets

abstract:
  We study dynamical behavior of the Chinese stock markets by investigating the
statistical properties of daily ensemble returns and varieties defined
respectively as the mean and the standard deviation of the ensemble daily price
returns of a portfolio of stocks traded in China's stock markets on a given
day. The distribution of the daily ensemble returns has an exponential form in
the center and power-law tails, while the variety distribution is log-Gaussian
in the bulk followed by a power-law tail for large varieties. Based on
detrended fluctuation analysis, R/S analysis and modified R/S analysis, we find
evidence of long memory in the ensemble returns and strong evidence of long
memory in the evolution of variety.


title:
Inversion formula of multifractal energy dissipation in 3D fully
  developed turbulence

abstract:
  The concept of inverse statistics in turbulence has attracted much attention
in the recent years. It is argued that the scaling exponents of the direct
structure functions and the inverse structure functions satisfy an inversion
formula. This proposition has already been verified by numerical data using the
shell model. However, no direct evidence was reported for experimental three
dimensional turbulence. We propose to test the inversion formula using
experimental data of three dimensional fully developed turbulence by
considering the energy dissipation rates in stead of the usual efforts on the
structure functions. The moments of the exit distances are shown to exhibit
nice multifractality. The inversion formula between the direct and inverse
exponents is then verified.


title: Beyond Einstein ... Are we all afraid of the Truth?

abstract:
  The power-point presentation \cite{ppt} provided herein shows exactly why
Einstein's field equations of his general relativity are based on an illogical
approach to representing the observable world. Einstein had, in fact, discarded
these equations way back in 1928 when he had began his solitary search for a
unified field theory. However, the rest of us learned, taught, and also put too
much faith for too long (for more than seventy years) in an illogical approach
to representing the observable world. Consequently, we have developed great
reluctance, resulting from dogmatic perceptions, prestige, reputation, ...,
that is holding us back from orienting ourselves in the ``right'' direction to
the understanding of the observable phenomena. This raises the question
mentioned in the title: Are we all afraid of the Truth? Rhetorically speaking,
we could then also ask: are we all afraid of Virginia Woolf? In the sequel, I
also illustrate my approach to going Beyond Einstein for developing an
appropriate mathematical framework for the fundamental physical ideas behind
the General Principle of Relativity, for the unification of fundamental
physical interactions and, hence, for a theory of everything.


title: Wavelet analysis of event by event fluctuations

abstract:
  The temporal fluctuations of produced hadron density in heavy ion collisions,
modelled by 2D Ising model at temperatures $T_c$ and below, are studied through
a recently developed wavelet based fluctuation analysis method. At $T_c$,
long-range correlated multifractal behavior, matching with the recently
observed Hurst exponent $H\simeq 1$, is found. Below $T_c$ uncorrelated
monofractal behavior is seen. The correlation behavior compares well with the
results obtained from continuous wavelet based average wavelet co-efficient
method, as well as with Fourier power spectral analysis.


title: Averaged dynamics of two-phase media in a vibration field

abstract:
  The averaged dynamics of various two-phase systems in a high-frequency
vibration field is studied theoretically. The continuum approach is applied to
describe such systems as solid particle suspensions, emulsions, bubbly fluids,
when the volume concentration of the disperse phase is small and gravity is
insignificant. The dynamics of the disperse system is considered by means of
the method of averaging, when the fast pulsation and slow averaged motion can
be treated separately. Two averaged models for both nondeformable and
deformable particles, when the compressibility of the disperse phase becomes
important, are obtained. A criterion when the compressibility of bubbles cannot
be neglected is figured out. For both cases the developed models are applied to
study the averaged dynamics of the disperse media in an infinite plane layer
under the action of transversal vibration.


title: Multi-asset minority games

abstract:
  We study analytically and numerically Minority Games in which agents may
invest in different assets (or markets), considering both the canonical and the
grand-canonical versions. We find that the likelihood of agents trading in a
given asset depends on the relative amount of information available in that
market. More specifically, in the canonical game players play preferentially in
the stock with less information. The same holds in the grand canonical game
when agents have positive incentives to trade, whereas when agents payoff are
solely related to their speculative ability they display a larger propensity to
invest in the information-rich asset. Furthermore, in this model one finds a
globally predictable phase with broken ergodicity.


title:
Generalization of the Atkinson-Wilcox Theorem and the Development of a
  Novel Scaled Boundary Finite Element Formulation for the Numerical Simulation
  of Electromagnetic Radiation

abstract:
  The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method is a novel semi-analytical method
jointly developed by Chongmin Song and John P Wolf to solve problems in
elastodynamics and allied problems in civil engineering. This novel method has
been recently reformulated for the following categories of problems in
electromagnetics: (1) Determination of Eigen values of metallic cavity
structures, 2) Full wave analysis of Shielded micro-strip transmission line
structures, and Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI) interconnects, and
3) Full wave analysis of periodic structures. In this paper, a novel Scaled
Boundary Finite Element formulation is developed for the numerical simulation
of the time harmonic electromagnetic radiation in free space from metallic
structures of arbitrary shape. The development of the novel formulation
necessitates the generalization of the familiar Atkinson-Wilcox radiation
series expansion so as to be applicable for arbitrary boundary circumscribing
the source of radiation.


title: A new concept of (open) TE011 cylindrical cavity

abstract:
  The confinement properties of the open structure formed crossing a circular
waveguide perpendicular to a parallel-plate waveguide are discussed,
highlighting the fundamental differences with respect to the common
high-frequency resonators. Among the electromagnetic modes trapped at the
intersection region of the two waveguides, the TE011 one appears as the most
appropriate for high-frequency applications. The experimental characterization
of this mode is described in detail, investigating the response of a millimeter
wave configuration resonating at 281 GHz, which shows state-of-the-art
performances. The properties of the TE011 mode are studied in terms of the
geometry, calculating the mode chart and the related quality factor and
power-to-field conversion efficiency. The mode chart is then determined for
configurations including a sample holder, in which one of the component
waveguides is filled with a low-loss dielectric material. The TE011 mode
reveals in general remarkable merit figures, as well as a significant stability
with respect to the geometrical imperfections and to the insertion of a sample
holder. The obtained results show that the proposed single-mode resonator
competes with the standard cavities in terms of performance, versatility, and
simplicity.


title: Capture of particles of dust by convective flow

abstract:
  Interaction of particles of dust with vortex convective flows is under
theoretical consideration. It is assumed that the volume fraction of solid
phase is small, variations of density due to nonuniform distribution of
particles and those caused by temperature nonisothermality of medium are
comparable. Equations for the description of thermal buoyancy convection of a
dusty medium are developed in the framework of the generalized Boussinesq
approximation taking into account finite velocity of particle sedimentation.
The capture of a cloud of dust particles by a vortex convective flow is
considered, general criterion for the formation of such a cloud is obtained.
The peculiarities of a steady state in the form of a dust cloud and backward
influence of the solid phase on the carrier flow are studied in detail for a
vertical layer heated from the sidewalls. It is shown that in the case, when
this backward influence is essential, a hysteresis behavior is possible. The
stability analysis of the steady state is performed. It turns out that there is
a narrow range of governing parameters, in which such a steady state is stable.


title:
Theory and Application of Dissociative Electron Capture in Molecular
  Identification

abstract:
  The coupling of an electron monochromator (EM) to a mass spectrometer (MS)
has created a new analytical technique, EM-MS, for the investigation of
electrophilic compounds. This method provides a powerful tool for molecular
identification of compounds contained in complex matrices, such as
environmental samples. EM-MS expands the application and selectivity of
traditional MS through the inclusion of a new dimension in the space of
molecular characteristics--the electron resonance energy spectrum. However,
before this tool can realize its full potential, it will be necessary to create
a library of resonance energy scans from standards of the molecules for which
EM-MS offers a practical means of detection. Here, an approach supplementing
direct measurement with chemical inference and quantum scattering theory is
presented to demonstrate the feasibility of directly calculating resonance
energy spectra. This approach makes use of the symmetry of the
transition-matrix element of the captured electron to discriminate between the
spectra of isomers. As a way of validating this approach, the resonance values
for twenty-five nitrated aromatic compounds were measured along with their
relative abundance. Subsequently, the spectra for the isomers of nitrotoluene
were shown to be consistent with the symmetry-based model. The initial success
of this treatment suggests that it might be possible to predict negative ion
resonances and thus create a library of EM-MS standards.


title: Electrodynamic trapping of spinless neutral atoms with an atom chip

abstract:
  Three dimensional electrodynamic trapping of neutral atoms has been
demonstrated. By applying time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields with
micron-sized electrodes, nearly $10^2$ strontium atoms in the $^1S_0$ state
have been trapped with a lifetime of 80 ms. In order to design the electrodes,
we numerically analyzed the electric field and simulated atomic trajectories in
the trap, which showed reasonable agreement with the experiment.


title:
Chaos-assisted nonresonant optical pumping of quadrupole-deformed
  microlasers

abstract:
  Efficient nonresonant optical pumping of a high-Q scar mode in a
two-dimensional quadrupole-deformed microlaser has been demonstrated based on
ray and wave chaos. Three-fold enhancement in the lasing power was achieved at
a properly chosen pumping angle. The experimental result is consistent with ray
tracing and wave overlap integral calculations.


title:
Multiplicative noise in the longitudinal mode dynamics of a bulk
  semiconductor laser

abstract:
  We analyze theoretically and experimentally the influence of current noise on
the longitudinal mode hopping dynamics of a bulk semiconductor laser. It is
shown that the mean residence times on each mode have different sensitivity to
external noise added to the bias current. In particular, an increase of the
noise level enhances the residence time on the longitudinal mode that dominates
at low current, evidencing the multiplicative nature of the stochastic process.
A two-mode rate equation model for semiconductor laser is able to reproduce the
experimental findings. Under a suitable separation of the involved time scales,
the model can be reduced to a 1D bistable potential system with a
multiplicative stochastic term related to the current noise strength. The
reduced model clarifies the influence of the different noise sources on the
hopping dynamics.


title: Floating Bodies of Equilibrium. Explicit Solution

abstract:
  Explicit solutions of the two-dimensional floating body problem (bodies that
can float in all positions) for relative density rho different from 1/2 and of
the tire track problem (tire tracks of a bicycle, which do not allow to
determine, which way the bicycle went) are given, which differ from circles.
Starting point is the differential equation given in archive physics/0205059
and Studies in Appl. Math. 111 (2003) 167-183.


title: Fully retarded van der Waals interaction between dielectric nanoclusters

abstract:
  The fully retarded dispersion interaction between an atom and a cluster or
between two clusters is calculated. Results obtained with two different methods
are compared. One is to consider a cluster as a collection of many atoms and
evaluate the sum of two-body and three-body interatomic interactions, a common
assumption. The other method, valid at large separation, is to consider each
cluster as a point particle, characterized by a polarizability tensor, and
evaluate the inter-cluster interaction. This method employs the static
polarizability, evaluated by including all many-body (MB) intra-cluster atomic
interactions self-consistently, which yields the full inter-cluster
interaction, including all MB terms. A comparison of the results from the two
methods reveals that the contribution of the higher-than-three-body MB
interactions is always attractive and non-negligible, with a relative
importance that varies with geometry. The procedure is quite general and is
applicable to any shape or size of dielectric clusters, in principle. We
present numerical results for clusters composed of atoms with polarizability
consistent with silica, for which the higher-than-three-body MB correction term
can be as high as 42% of the atomic pair-wise sum. The full result is quite
sensitive to the anisotropic structure of the cluster, in contrast to the
result found in the additive case, which is orientation independent. We also
present a power law expansion of the total van der Waals (VDW) interaction as a
series of n-body interaction terms.


title: Simplified Variational Principles for Barotropic Fluid Dynamics

abstract:
  We introduce a three independent functions variational formalism for
stationary and non-stationary barotropic flows. This is less than the four
variables which appear in the standard equations of fluid dynamics which are
the velocity field $\vec v$ and the density $\rho$. It will be shown how in
terms of our new variable the Euler and continuity equations can be integrated
in the stationary case.

categories: physics.flu-dyn astro-ph math-ph math.MP physics.comp-ph


title: Vulnerability of weighted networks

abstract:
  In real networks complex topological features are often associated with a
diversity of interactions as measured by the weights of the links. Moreover,
spatial constraints may as well play an important role, resulting in a complex
interplay between topology, weight, and geography. In order to study the
vulnerability of such networks to intentional attacks, these attributes must be
therefore considered along with the topological quantities. In order to tackle
this issue, we consider the case of the world-wide airport network, which is a
weighted heterogeneous network whose evolution and structure are influenced by
traffic and geographical constraints. We first characterize relevant
topological and weighted centrality measures and then use these quantities as
selection criteria for the removal of vertices. We consider different attack
strategies and different measures of the damage achieved in the network. The
analysis of weighted properties shows that centrality driven attacks are
capable to shatter the network's communication or transport properties even at
very low level of damage in the connectivity pattern. The inclusion of weight
and traffic therefore provides evidence for the extreme vulnerability of
complex networks to any targeted strategy and need to be considered as key
features in the finding and development of defensive strategies.


title:
Atomic data calculations by Z-expansion method for doubly excited states
  2lnl' and 1s2lnl' of highly charged ions with Z=6-36. I. Transitions from the
  states with n=2,3

abstract:
  The wavelengths and radiative transition probabilities for transitions
2lnl'-1snl", 2lnl'-1s2l", 1s2lnl'-1s^2.nl", 1s2lnl'-1s^2.2l", and the
autoionization decay probabilities for doubly excited states 2lnl', 1s2lnl'
were calculated in ions with atomic numbers Z=6-36 for n=2-10, l'=0-3. The
calculations were carried out by means of the MZ code based on the Z-expansion
method. Relativistic corrections were taken into account within the framework
of the Breit operator. The main difference with previous calculations by MZ
code consists in accounting for the first order corrections in powers of 1/Z,
corresponding to the screening effects, in calculations of autoionization
rates. New data for comparatively large rates are about 20-50% less as compared
to previous ones and are in a agreement within 10% with the results of
calculations made by the methods based on multi-configuration wave functions
with non-relativistic and relativistic orbitals. Some refinements and
corrections concerning the energies and radiative transition probabilities were
also introduced in the MZ code. In this paper the main formulas used in a
modified MZ-code and the data needed for description of dielectronic satellites
with n=2,3 are given; the data for higher n will be presented in the following
publications.


title:
Analytic calculation of energies and wave functions of the quartic and
  pure quartic oscillators

abstract:
  Ground state energies and wave functions of quartic and pure quartic
oscillators are calculated by first casting the Schr\"{o}dinger equation into a
nonlinear Riccati form and then solving that nonlinear equation analytically in
the first iteration of the quasilinearization method (QLM). In the QLM the
nonlinear differential equation is solved by approximating the nonlinear terms
by a sequence of linear expressions. The QLM is iterative but not perturbative
and gives stable solutions to nonlinear problems without depending on the
existence of a smallness parameter. Our explicit analytic results are then
compared with exact numerical and also with WKB solutions and it is found that
our ground state wave functions, using a range of small to large coupling
constants, yield a precision of between 0.1 and 1 percent and are more accurate
than WKB solutions by two to three orders of magnitude. In addition, our QLM
wave functions are devoid of unphysical turning point singularities and thus
allow one to make analytical estimates of how variation of the oscillator
parameters affects physical systems that can be described by the quartic and
pure quartic oscillators.


title: How fair is an equitable distribution?

abstract:
  Envy is a rather complex and irrational emotion. In general, it is very
difficult to obtain a measure of this feeling, but in an economical context
envy becomes an observable which can be measured. When various individuals
compare their possessions, envy arises due to the inequality of their different
allocations of commodities and different preferences. In this paper we show
that an equitable distribution of goods does not guarantee a state of fairness
between agents and in general that envy cannot be controlled by tuning the
distribution of goods.


title:
Localization and Fusion Modeling in Plasma Physics. Part I: Math
  Framework for Non-Equilibrium Hierarchies

abstract:
  A fast and efficient numerical-analytical approach is proposed for
description of complex behaviour in non-equilibrium ensembles in the BBGKY
framework. We construct the multiscale representation for hierarchy of
partition functions by means of the variational approach and multiresolution
decomposition. Numerical modeling shows the creation of various internal
structures from fundamental localized (eigen)modes. These patterns determine
the behaviour of plasma. The localized pattern (waveleton) is a model for
energy confinement state (fusion) in plasma.

categories: physics.plasm-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP nlin.PS


title: Mass, Time, and Clock (Twin) Paradox in Relativity Theory

abstract:
  The paper is intended to clarify operational meaning of mass and time
quantities as main characteristics of an atomic clock, which is considered a
quantum oscillator in association with the de Broglie wave concept. The
specification of the concept of clock in quantum terms reflects the idea of
relativistic mass and time complementarity, which is important for avoiding
ambiguity of such notions as ``time rate'', ``time record'', and ``elapsed
time'' under relativistic conditions. We used this approach in SRT Kinematics
to conduct a detailed analysis of the clock paradox; results are discussed. It
is also shown that in SRT Dynamics the proper mass must be acted by Minkowski
force, what results in a clock rate variation.


title:
Localization and Fusion Modeling in Plasma Physics. Part II: Vlasov-like
  Systems. Important Reductions

abstract:
  The methods developed in the previous Part I (physics/0603167) are applied to
a few important reductions of BBGKY hierarchy, namely, various examples of
Vlasov-like systems. It is well known that they are important both for fusion
modeling and for particular physical problems related to plasma/beam physics.
As in part I we concentrate mostly on phenomena of localization and pattern
formation.


title:
Additive N-Step Markov Chains as Prototype Model of Symbolic Stochastic
  Dynamical Systems with Long-Range Correlations

abstract:
  A theory of symbolic dynamic systems with long-range correlations based on
the consideration of the binary N-step Markov chains developed earlier in Phys.
Rev. Lett. 90, 110601 (2003) is generalized to the biased case (non equal
numbers of zeros and unities in the chain). In the model, the conditional
probability that the i-th symbol in the chain equals zero (or unity) is a
linear function of the number of unities (zeros) among the preceding N symbols.
The correlation and distribution functions as well as the variance of number of
symbols in the words of arbitrary length L are obtained analytically and
verified by numerical simulations. A self-similarity of the studied stochastic
process is revealed and the similarity group transformation of the chain
parameters is presented. The diffusion Fokker-Planck equation governing the
distribution function of the L-words is explored. If the persistent
correlations are not extremely strong, the distribution function is shown to be
the Gaussian with the variance being nonlinearly dependent on L. An equation
connecting the memory and correlation function of the additive Markov chain is
presented. This equation allows reconstructing a memory function using a
correlation function of the system. Effectiveness and robustness of the
proposed method is demonstrated by simple model examples. Memory functions of
concrete coarse-grained literary texts are found and their universal power-law
behavior at long distances is revealed.


title: Memory functions and Correlations in Additive Binary Markov Chains

abstract:
  A theory of additive Markov chains with long-range memory, proposed earlier
in Phys. Rev. E 68, 06117 (2003), is developed and used to describe statistical
properties of long-range correlated systems. The convenient characteristics of
such systems, a memory function, and its relation to the correlation properties
of the systems are examined. Various methods for finding the memory function
via the correlation function are proposed. The inverse problem (calculation of
the correlation function by means of the prescribed memory function) is also
solved. This is demonstrated for the analytically solvable model of the system
with a step-wise memory function.


title: Equivalence of Markov's Symbolic Sequences to Two-Sided Chains

abstract:
  A new object of the probability theory, two-sided chain of events (symbols),
is introduced. A theory of multi-steps Markov chains with long-range memory,
proposed earlier in Phys. Rev. E 68, 06117 (2003), is developed and used to
establish the correspondence between these chains and two-sided ones. The
Markov chain is proved to be statistically equivalent to the definite two-sided
one and vice versa. The results obtained for the binary chains are generalized
to the chains taking on the arbitrary number of states.


title: Power Laws and Gaussians for Stock Market Fluctuations

abstract:
  The daily volume of transaction on the New York Stock Exchange and its
day-to-day fluctuations are analysed with respect to power-law tails as well
long-term trends. We also model the transition to a Gaussian distribution for
longer time intervals, like months instead of days.


title:
Filamentational Instability of Partially Coherent Femtosecond Optical
  Pulses in Air

abstract:
  The filamentational instability of spatially broadband femtosecond optical
pulses in air is investigated by means of a kinetic wave equation for spatially
incoherent photons. An explicit expression for the spatial amplification rate
is derived and analyzed. It is found that the spatial spectral broadening of
the pulse can lead to stabilization of the filamentation instability. Thus,
optical smoothing techniques could optimize current applications of ultra-short
laser pulses, such as atmospheric remote sensing.


title:
Manipulating the polarization of laser beams by an external magnetic
  field

abstract:
  The paper is withdrawn and will be replaced at a later time by a
significantly revised and extended version.


title:
Relaxation of Spin Polarized $^3$He in Mixtures of $^3$He and $^4$He
  Below the $^4$He Lambda Point

abstract:
  We report the first study of the depolarization behavior of spin polarized
3He in a mixture of 3He-4He at a temperature below the 4He Lambda point in a
deuterated TetraPhenyl Butadiene-doped deuterated PolyStyrene (dTPB-dPS) coated
acrylic cell. In our experiment the measured 3He relaxation time is due to the
convolution of the 3He longitudinal relaxation time, T1, and the diffusion time
constant of 3He in superfluid 4He since depolarization takes place on the
walls. We have obtained a 3He relaxation time ~3000 seconds at a temperature
around 1.9K. We have shown that it's possible to achieve values of wall
depolarization probability on the order of (1-2)x10^-7 for polarized 3He in the
superfluid 4He from a dTPB-dPS coated acrylic surface.


title: General stability criteria for inviscid rotating flow

abstract:
  The general stability criteria of inviscid Taylor-Couette flows with angular
velocity $\Omega(r)$ are obtained analytically. First, a necessary instability
criterion for centrifugal flows is derived as $\xi'(\Omega-\Omega_s)<0$ (or
$\xi'/(\Omega-\Omega_s)<0$) somewhere in the flow field, where $\xi$ is the
vorticitiy of profile and $\Omega_s$ is the angular velocity at the inflection
point $\xi'=0$. Second, a criterion for stability is found as
$-(\mu_1+1/r_2)<f(r)=\frac{\xi'}{\Omega-\Omega_s}<0$, where $\mu_1$ is the
smallest eigenvalue. The new criteria are the analogues of the criteria for
parallel flows, which are special cases of Arnol'd's nonlinear criteria.
Specifically, Pedley's cirterion is proved to be an special case of Rayleigh's
criterion. Moreover, the criteria for parallel flows can also be derived from
those for the rotating flows. These results extend the previous theorems and
would intrigue future research on the mechanism of hydrodynamic instability.


title: Collective Political Opinion Formation in Nonlinear Social Interaction

abstract:
  We have presented a numerical model of a collective opinion formation
procedure to explain political phenomena such as two-party and multi-party
systems in politics, political unrest, military coup d'etats and netizen
revolutions. Nonlinear interaction with binary and independent decision making
processes can yield various collective behaviors or collective political
opinions. Statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics may provide useful tools
to study various socio-political dynamics.


title: Dynamics of Helping Behavior and Networks in a Small World

abstract:
  To investigate an effect of social interaction on the bystanders'
intervention in emergency situations a rescue model was introduced which
includes the effects of the victim's acquaintance with bystanders and those
among bystanders from a network perspective. This model reproduces the
experimental result that the helping rate (success rate in our model) tends to
decrease although the number of bystanders $k$ increases. And the interaction
among homogeneous bystanders results in the emergence of hubs in a helping
network. For more realistic consideration it is assumed that the agents are
located on a one-dimensional lattice (ring), then the randomness $p \in [0,1]$
is introduced: the $kp$ random bystanders are randomly chosen from a whole
population and the $k-kp$ near bystanders are chosen in the nearest order to
the victim. We find that there appears another peak of the network density in
the vicinity of $k=9$ and $p=0.3$ due to the cooperative and competitive
interaction between the near and random bystanders.


title:
Time-resolved diffusing wave spectroscopy applied to dynamic
  heterogeneity imaging

abstract:
  We report in this paper what is to our knowledge the first observation of a
time-resolved diffusing wave spectroscopy signal recorded by transillumination
through a thick turbid medium: the DWS signal is measured for a fixed photon
transit time, which opens the possibility of improving the spatial resolution.
This technique could find biomedical applications, especially in mammography.


title:
Surface waves at the interface between left-handed and birefringent
  materials

abstract:
  We theoretically investigate the existence and properties of hybrid surface
waves forming at interfaces between left-handed materials and dielectric
birefringent media. The existence conditions of such waves are found to be
highly relaxed in comparison to the original hybrid surface waves, discovered
by Dyakonov, in configurations involving birefringent materials and
right-handed media. Hybrid surface waves in left-handed materials feature
remarkable properties: (i) a high degree of localization and (ii) coexistence
of several guided solutions. The existence of several hybrid surface waves for
the same parameter set is linked to the birefringent nature of the medium
whereas the strong localization is related to the presence of the left-handed
material. The hybrid surface modes appear for large areas in the parameter
space.


title: Illustrating delta(E)=c^2 delta(m)

abstract:
  We present a thought experiment that involves a high sensitivity balance
initially in a state of mechanical equilibrium but not in a state of thermal
equilibrium. After reaching the state of thermal equilibrium it is no longer in
a state of mechanical equilibrium.


title: Leaping shampoo and the stable Kaye effect

abstract:
  Shear-thinning fluids exhibit surprisingly rich behaviour. One example is the
Kaye effect which occurs when a thin stream of a solution of polyisobutylene in
Decalin is poured into a dish of the fluid. As pouring proceeds, a small stream
of liquid occasionally leaps upward from the heap. This surprising effect,
which lasts only a second or so, is named after its first observer A. Kaye, who
could offer no explanation for this behaviour. Later, Collyer and Fischer
suggested from 250 frames per second cine recordings that the fluid must be
highly shear thinning as well as elastic and 'pituitous'. In addition, they
concluded that a rigid surface is required to back the reflected liquid stream.
While the words bouncing and reflection are associated with non-continuous and
elastic effects, we will show here that the Kaye effect is in fact a continuous
flow phenomenon. We show that the Kaye effect works for many common fluids,
including shampoos and liquid soaps. We reveal its physical mechanism
(formation, stability and disruption) through high-speed imaging. The
measurements are interpreted with a simple theoretical model including only the
shear thinning behaviour of the liquid; elastic properties of the liquid play
no role. We show that the Kaye effect can be stable and that it can be
directed. We even demonstrate a stable Kaye effect on a thin soap film
excluding the necessity of a rigid backing surface.


title: Axion Detection in the Micromaser

abstract:
  We report on a scheme for highly efficient detection of single microwave
photons, with application to detecting certain exotic particles such as the
axion. This scheme utilises an experiment known as the micromaser and the
phenomenon of trapping states to amplify the signal and produce a cascade of
detector counts in a field ionization detector. The cascade provides a
time-resolved signal marking the presence of a single photon. For
experimentally achievable parameters, the detection efficiency exceeds 90
percent.


title: A Theory of Inertial Range Similarity in Isotropic Turbulence

abstract:
  We consider equilibrium statistics for high Reynolds number isotropic
turbulence in an incompressible flow driven by steady forcing at the largest
scale. Motivated by shell model observations, we develop a similarity theory
for the inertial range from clearly stated assumptions. In the right variables,
the theory is scaling invariant, but in traditional variables it shows
anomalous scaling. We obtain the underlying probability density function, the
scaling exponents, and the coefficients for the structure functions. An
inertial range length scale also emerges.


title:
Spectral properties of empirical covariance matrices for data with
  power-law tails

abstract:
  We present an analytic method for calculating spectral densities of empirical
covariance matrices for correlated data. In this approach the data is
represented as a rectangular random matrix whose columns correspond to sampled
states of the system. The method is applicable to a class of random matrices
with radial measures including those with heavy (power-law) tails in the
probability distribution. As an example we apply it to a multivariate Student
distribution.

categories: physics.data-an cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP physics.soc-ph


title:
A New Formula of Averaging Physical Quantities (Application to
  calculation of the average radius of tapering tube and average flow velocity
  in the tube)

abstract:
  The traditional method of finding the average value of a physical quantity
often gives wrong results. Another formula of averaging is derived which gives
correct results. It is applied to calculation of the average radius of tapering
tube and the average flow velocity in the tube. The new formula is applicable
to many other processes.


title:
Emittance Limitation of a Conditioned Beam in a Strong Focusing FEL
  Undulator

abstract:
  Various methods have been proposed to condition an electron beam in order to
reduce its emittance effect and to improve the short-wavelength free electron
laser (FEL) performance. In this paper, we show that beam conditioning does not
result in a complete elimination of the emittance effect in an
alternating-gradient focusing FEL undulator. Using a one-dimensional model and
a three-dimensional simulation code, we derive a criteria for the emittance
limitation of a perfectly conditioned beam that depends on the focusing
structure.


title: Looking beyond special relativity

abstract:
  Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity was proposed a little over a hundred
years back. It remained a bedrock of twentieth century physics right up to
Quantum Field Theory. However, the failure over several decades to provide a
unified description of Electromagnetism and Gravitation or alternatively,
Quantum Theory and General Relativity has finally lead researchers to abandon
the differentiable spacetime manifold on which all of the above was based. In
the most recent approaches we consider a spacetime that is discretized or is
noncommutative. This immediately leads to corrections to the Special Theory of
Relativity, more specifically to Lorentz Symmetry. It is quite significant that
there are observational indicators, particularly in ultra high energy cosmic
rays which suggest that such corrections are indeed there. We examine the whole
issue in this paper.


title: Ultrasonic imaging with limited-diffraction beams

abstract:
  Limited-diffraction beams are a class of waves that may be localized in space
and time. Theoretically, these beams are propagation invariant and can
propagate to an infinite distance without spreading. In practice, when these
beams are produced with wave sources of a finite aperture and energy, they have
a very large depth of field, meaning that they can keep a small beam width over
a large distance. Because of this property, limited-diffraction beams may have
applications in various areas such as medical imaging and tissue
characterization. In this paper, fundamentals of limited-diffraction beams are
reviewed and the studies of these beams are put into a unified theoretical
framework. Theory of limited-diffraction beams is further developed. New
limited-diffraction solutions to Klein-Gordon Equation and Schrodinger
Equation, as well as limited-diffraction solutions to these equations in
confined spaces are obtained. The relationship between the transformation that
converts any solutions to an (-1)-dimensional wave equation to
limited-diffraction solutions of an -dimensional equation and the Lorentz
transformation is clarified and extended. The transformation is also applied to
the Klein-Gordon Equation. In addition, applications of limited-diffraction
beams are summarized.


title:
The Pioneer maser signal anomaly: Possible confirmation of spontaneous
  photon blueshifting

abstract:
  The novel physics methodology of subquantum kinetics predicted in 1980 that
photons should blueshift their frequency at a rate that varies directly with
negative gravitational potential, the rate of blueshifting for photons
traveling between Earth and Jupiter having been estimated to average
approximately (1.3 +/- 0.65) X 10^-18 s^-1, or (1.1 +/- 0.6) X 10^-18 s^-1 for
signals traveling a roundtrip distance of 65 AU through the outer solar system.
A proposal was made in 1980 to test this blueshifting effect by transponding a
maser signal over a 10 AU round-trip distance between two spacecraft. This
blueshift prediction has more recently been corroborated by observations of
maser signals transponded to the Pioneer 10 spacecraft. These measurements
indicate a frequency shifting of approximately (2.28 +/- 0.4) X 10^-18 s^-1
which lies within 2 sigma of the subquantum kinetics prediction and which
cannot be accounted for in terms of known forces acting on the craft. This
blueshifting phenomenon implies the existence of a new source of energy which
is able to account for the luminosities of red dwarf and brown dwarf stars and
planets, and their observed sharing of a common mass-luminosity relation.


title: Sensor Simulation and position calibration for the CMS pixel detector

abstract:
  In this paper a detailed simulation of irradiated pixel sensors was used to
investigate the effects of radiation damage on charge sharing and position
determination. The simulation implements a model of radiation damage by
including two defect levels with opposite charge states and trapping of charge
carriers. We show that charge sharing functions extracted from the simulation
can be parameterized as a function of the inter-pixel position and used to
improve the position determination. For sensors irradiated to Phi=5.9x10^14
n/cm^2 a position resolution below 15 um can be achieved after calibration.


title:
Comment on: Microscopic modeling of multi-lane highway traffic flow,
  Nathan O. Hodas and Arnand Jagota, Am. J. Phys. 71 (12) 2003, pp. 1247

abstract:
  In heavy traffic with congested roadway the maximum traffic flow also depends
on length of cars. This is deduced in a simple derivation suited for classroom
demonstration as well as homework. The resulting equation demonstrates a new
relation to an apparently unrelated area of physics, the maximum ship velocity
(hull speed) and explains why traffic is sometimes faster on the slow lane on a
congested multi-lane road.


title:
Electric Field Induced Symmetry Breaking of Angular Momentum
  Distribution in Atoms

abstract:
  We report the experimental observation of alignment to orientation conversion
in the 7D_3/2 and 9D_3/2 states of Cs in the presence of an external dc
electric field, and without the influence of magnetic fields or atomic
collisions. Initial alignment of angular momentum states was created by
two-step excitation with linearly polarized laser radiation. The appearance of
transverse orientation of angular momentum was confirmed by the observation of
circularly polarized light. We present experimentally measured signals and
compare them with the results of a detailed theoretical model based on the
optical Bloch equations.


title: An explanation for the lack of trend in the hurricane frequency

abstract:
  The proposition that the tropical cyclogenesis increases with the size of the
warm pool, the area enclosed by the 26C SST isotherm, is tested by comparing
the seasonal variation of the warm pool area with the seasonality of the number
of tropical cyclones. A non-linear relationship of high statistical
significance is found between the area and the number of cyclones, which may
explain both why there is no linear trend in the number of cyclones over time
and the recent upturn in the number of Atlantic hurricanes.