title: Limitations of scaling and universality in stock market data

abstract:
  We present evidence, that if a large enough set of high resolution stock
market data is analyzed, certain analogies with physics -- such as scaling and
universality -- fail to capture the full complexity of such data. Despite
earlier expectations, the mean value per trade, the mean number of trades per
minute and the mean trading activity do not show scaling with company
capitalization, there is only a non-trivial monotonous dependence. The strength
of correlations present in the time series of traded value is found to be
non-universal: The Hurst exponent increases logarithmically with
capitalization. A similar trend is displayed by intertrade time intervals. This
is a clear indication that stylized facts need not be fully universal, but can
instead have a well-defined dependence on company size.


title:
Production and deceleration of a pulsed beam of metastable NH ($a
  ^1\Delta$) radicals

abstract:
  We report on the production of a pulsed molecular beam of metastable NH ($a
^1\Delta$) radicals and present first results on the Stark deceleration of the
NH ($a ^1\Delta, J=2, M\Omega=-4$) radicals from 550 m/s to 330 m/s. The
decelerated molecules are excited on the spin-forbidden $A ^3\Pi \leftarrow a
^1\Delta$ transition, and detected via their subsequent spontaneous
fluorescence to the $X ^3\Sigma^{-}, v"=0$ ground-state. These experiments
demonstrate the feasibility of our recently proposed scheme [Phys. Rev. A 64
(2001) 041401] to accumulate ground-state NH radicals in a magnetic trap.


title: The first-level trigger of ATLAS

abstract:
  Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of
pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14TeV and luminosities of up
to 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the
triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger
system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in
custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial
bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on
information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article
gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the
Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In
addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam
studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was
established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of
up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems.


title:
Is the assumption of a special system of reference consistent with
  Special Relativity?

abstract:
  In a previous work we have shown that the null result of the Michelson-Morley
experiment in vacuum is deeply connected with the notion of time. The same is
true for the the postulate of constancy of the two-way speed of light in vacuum
in all frames independently of the state of motion of the emitting body. The
argumentation formerly given is very general and has to be true not only within
Special Relativity and its `equivalence' of all inertial frames, but as well as
in Lorentz-Poincar\'e scenario of a preferred reference frame. This paper is
the second of a trilogy intending to revisit the foundations of Special
Relativity, and addresses the question of the constancy of the one-way speed of
light and of the differences and similarities between both scenarios. Although
they manifestly differ in philosophy, it is debated why and how the assumption
of a "special system of reference experimentally inaccessible" is indeed
compatible with Einstein's Special Relativity, as beautifully outlined and
discussed by John Bell [1]. This rather trivial statement is still astonishing
nowadays to a big majority of scientists. The purpose of this work is to bring
such assertion into perspective, widening the somewhat narrow view of Special
Relativity often presented in textbooks.


title:
Analysis of Rainfall records in India: Self Organized Criticality and
  Scaling

abstract:
  The time series data of the monthly rainfall records (for the time period
1871-2002) in All India and different regions of India are analyzed. It is
found that the distributions of the rainfall intensity exhibit perfect power
law behavior. The scaling analysis revealed two distinct scaling regions in the
rainfall time series.


title: Intermittency via Self-Similarity -- An Analytic Example

abstract:
  Turbulence is known to show intermittency. That is, statistical properties
vary with the length scale in a way not accounted for by statistical similarity
where dimensionless ratios of moments are constant. Intermittency occurs even
in the inertial range of isotropic turbulence, where physical intuition calls
for a self-similar scale dependence. Perceived as a lack of overall scaling
invariance, inertial range intermittency has become known as anomalous scaling.
We present an analytic example demonstrating how anomalous scaling and
self-similarity in the form of global scaling invariance can coexist within the
same statistics. Whether we observe anomalous scaling or self-similarity
depends on which variables we consider. Our example illustrates consequences of
a symmetry, but is not meant as an intermittency model.


title:
Induced Absorption Resonance on the Open Fg = 1 -> Fe = 2 Transition of
  the D1 Line of the 87Rb Atom

abstract:
  Induced absorption resonance on the open Fg=1 -> Fe = 2 transition of the D1
line of the 87Rb atom has been observed. The effect of atomic motion on the
formation of the resonance has been revealed. The numerical calculations are in
good agreement with experiment.


title: On the electrodynamics of moving bodies at low velocities

abstract:
  We discuss the seminal article in which Le Bellac and Levy-Leblond have
identified two Galilean limits of electromagnetism, and its modern
implications. We use their results to point out some confusion in the
literature and in the teaching of special relativity and electromagnetism. For
instance, it is not widely recognized that there exist two well defined
non-relativistic limits, so that researchers and teachers are likely to utilize
an incoherent mixture of both. Recent works have shed a new light on the choice
of gauge conditions in classical electromagnetism. We retrieve Le
Bellac-Levy-Leblond's results by examining orders of magnitudes, and then with
a Lorentz-like manifestly covariant approach to Galilean covariance based on a
5-dimensional Minkowski manifold. We emphasize the Riemann-Lorenz approach
based on the vector and scalar potentials as opposed to the Heaviside-Hertz
formulation in terms of electromagnetic fields. We discuss various applications
and experiments, such as in magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics,
quantum mechanics, superconductivity, continuous media, etc. Much of the
current technology where waves are not taken into account, is actually based on
Galilean electromagnetism.


title: Hyperpolarizability effects in a Sr optical lattice clock

abstract:
  We report the observation of the higher order frequency shift due to the
trapping field in a $^{87}$Sr optical lattice clock. We show that at the magic
wavelength of the lattice, where the first order term cancels, the higher order
shift will not constitute a limitation to the fractional accuracy of the clock
at a level of $10^{-18}$. This result is achieved by operating the clock at
very high trapping intensity up to $400 $kW/cm$^2$ and by a specific study of
the effect of the two two-photon transitions near the magic wavelength.


title:
Is it time for a science counterpart of the Benezet-Berman mathematics
  teaching experiment of the 1930's?

abstract:
  Should teachers concentrate on critical thinking, estimation, measurement,
and graphing rather than college-clone algorithmic physics in grades K--12?
Thus far physics education research offers little substantive guidance.
Mathematics education research addressed the mathematics analogue of this
question in the 1930's. Students in Manchester, New Hampshire were not
subjected to arithmetic algorithms until grade 6. In earlier grades they read,
invented, and discussed stories and problems; estimated lengths, heights, and
areas; and enjoyed finding and interpreting numbers relevant to their lives. In
grade 6, with 4 months of formal training, they caught up to the regular
students in algorithmic ability, and were far ahead in general numeracy and in
the verbal, semantic, and problem solving skills they had practiced for the
five years before. Assessment was both qualitative -- e.g., asking 8th grade
students to relate in their own words why it is `that if you have two fractions
with the same numerator, the one with the smaller denominator is the larger';
and quantitative -- e.g., administration of standardized arithmetic
examinations to test and control groups in the 6th grade. Is it time for a
science counterpart of the Benezet/Berman Manchester experiment of the 1930's?


title: Theories of Physics and Impossibilities

abstract:
  The role of impossibilities in theories of Physics is mentioned and a recent
result is recalled in which Quantum Mechanics is characterized by three
information-theoretic impossibilities. The inconvenience of the asymmetries
established by such impossibilities is pointed out.


title: Comment on Frank Wilczek's essay "Total Relativity: Mach 2004"

abstract:
  Frank Wilczek's essay "Total Relativity: Mach 2004" (PHYSICS TODAY April,
2004, p. 10) cogently updates the status of the intuitively compelling, but
partly unrealized, theory of Mach's Principle. I think, however, that an
important consequence of the Principle has been skipped: that is, the
possibility of linear deformations of the internal structure of elementary
particles from the Minkowski structure imposed by the local gravitational
(metric) field. [Note: This Comment is similar to one submitted to, but not
published by, PHYSICS TODAY as a Letter to the Editor.]


title:
Double Diffraction White Light Imaging: First Results with Bidimensional
  Diffraction

abstract:
  The double diffraction of white light can produce a thin-prism-like image in
certain conditions by using ordinary diffraction gratings. The diffractive
deviation of rays happens mainly in one direction because the diffracting
elements are straight and parallel. We show similar images using elements where
diffraction happens in both directions: spiral grooves discs. Some differences
between the straight-groove and the almost circular curved-groove cases are
described.


title: Large amplitude of the internal motion of DNA immersed in bio-fluid

abstract:
  The interaction between large internal motion of DNA surrounded by bio-fluid
is investigated. The phenomenon is modelled using the relativistic
Navier-Stokes lagrangian describing the bio-fluid coupled to the standard
Klein-Gordon lagrangian describing the DNA. It is shown that the equation of
motion at non-relativistic limit, v << c, reproduces the well-known Sine-Gordon
equation. The effect of the interaction in a single soliton solution is also
given and discussed.


title: Three-body systems with attractive 1/r potentials

abstract:
  We have used the hyperspherical adiabatic representation to describe the
system of three identical bosons in an spin stretched state interacting by an
attractive 1/r potential. A proposal has been made how such a system might be
realized experimentally in cold trapped atoms using extremely off-resonant
laser fields [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5687 (2000)]. We have obtained effective
potentials, channel functions, and nonadiabatic couplings for this gravity-like
interaction, allowing us to calculate the ground state energy with accuracy
that substantially improves upon previous results. We have similarly calculated
the energies for the first four 0^+ excited states. These results show that the
simple adiabatic hyperspherical approximation offers an accurate description
for such a system.


title: General stability criterion of two-dimensional inviscid parallel flow

abstract:
  General stability criterions of two-dimensional inviscid parallel flow are
obtained analytically for the first time. First, a criterion for stability is
found as $\frac{U''}{U-U_s}>-\mu_1$ everywhere in the flow, where $U_s$ is the
velocity at inflection point, $\mu_1$ is eigenvalue of Poincar\'{e}'s problem.
Second, we also prove a principle that the flow is stable, if and only if all
the disturbances with $c_r=U_s$ are neutrally stable. Finally, following this
principle, a criterion for instability is found as $\frac{U''}{U-U_s}<-\mu_1$
everywhere in the flow. These results extend the former theorems obtained by
Rayleigh, Tollmien and Fj{\o}rtoft and will lead future works to investigate
the mechanism of hydrodynamic instability.

categories: physics.flu-dyn astro-ph physics.ao-ph physics.geo-ph


title: Estimating gas mileage: An example of order-of-magnitude physics

abstract:
  I discuss how to estimate the gas mileage of a car. This discussion, which
covers air resistance and Reynolds numbers, describes one way to introduce
dimensional analysis and order-of-magnitude physics into introductory physics
(if only the syllabus would allow it). It is part teacher's guide and part
textbook chapter -- I hope not the worst parts of each.


title:
Micro-economic Analysis of the Physical Constrained Markets: Game Theory
  Application to Competitive Electricity Markets

abstract:
  Competition has been introduced in the electricity markets with the goal of
reducing prices and improving efficiency. The basic idea which stays behind
this choice is that, in competitive markets, a greater quantity of the good is
exchanged at a lower and a lower price, leading to higher market efficiency.
Electricity markets are pretty different from other commodities mainly due to
the physical constraints related to the network structure that may impact the
market performance. The network structure of the system on which the economic
transactions need to be undertaken poses strict physical and operational
constraints. Strategic interactions among producers that game the market with
the objective of maximizing their producer surplus must be taken into account
when modeling competitive electricity markets. The physical constraints,
specific of the electricity markets, provide additional opportunity of gaming
to the market players. Game theory provides a tool to model such a context.
This paper discussed the application of game theory to physical constrained
electricity markets with the goal of providing tools for assessing the market
performance and pinpointing the critical network constraints that may impact
the market efficiency. The basic models of game theory specifically designed to
represent the electricity markets will be presented. IEEE30 bus test system of
the constrained electricity market will be discussed to show the network
impacts on the market performances in presence of strategic bidding behavior of
the producers.


title: Filtering a distribution simultaneously in real and Fourier space

abstract:
  We present a method to filter a distribution so that it is confined within a
sphere of given radius r_c and, simultaneously, whose Fourier transform is
optimally confined within a sphere of radius k_c. Our procedure may have
several applications in the field of electronic structure methods, like the
generation of optimized pseudopotentials and localized pseudocore charge
distributions. As an example, we describe a particular application within the
SIESTA method for density functional calculations, in removing the spurious
rippling of the energy surface generated by the integrations in a real space
grid.


title: Theory of surface plasmon generation at nanoslit apertures

abstract:
  In this letter, we study the scattering of light by a single subwavelength
slit in a metal screen. In contrast to previous theoretical works, we provide a
microscopic description of the scattering process by emphasizing the generation
of surface plasmons at the slit apertures. The analysis is supported by a
rigorous formalism based on a normal-mode-decomposition technique and by a
semi-analytical model which provides accurate formulae for the plasmonic
generation strengths. The generation is shown to be fairly efficient for metals
with a low conductivity, like gold in the visible regime. Verification of the
theory is also shown by comparison with recent experimental data [H.F. Schouten
et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 053901 (2005)].


title: Plasma-sheath effects on the Debye screening problem

abstract:
  The classical Debye-H\"{u}ckel screening effect of the electrostatic field
generated by isolated charged particles immersed in a plasma is reviewed. The
validity of the underlying mathematical model, and particularly of the
weak-field approximation, are analyzed. It is shown that the presence of the
plasma sheath around test particles and the resulting effect of charge
screening are essential for the description of plasmas which are strongly
coupled.


title: To the possibility of the "slow light" in the waveguides

abstract:
  The atoms moving within the waveguide with a critical frequency higher than
the resonant frequency of atoms are suggested for obtaining the "slow light".
Due to the absence of the resonant mode in the guide the atoms conserves
excitation and coherence. The speed of this mixed excitation (electromagnetic
field + moving atom) can be very low or even zero. The atoms moving within the
waveguide with a critical frequency higher than the resonant frequency of atoms
are suggested for obtaining the "slow light". Due to the absence of the
resonant mode in the guide the atoms conserves excitation and coherence. The
speed of this mixed excitation (electromagnetic field + moving atom) can be
very low or even zero.


title:
Competition between Traveling Fluid Waves of Left and Right Spiral
  Vortices and Their Different Amplitude Combinations

abstract:
  Stability, bifurcation properties, and the spatiotemporal behavior of
different nonlinear combination structures of spiral vortices in the counter
rotating Taylor-Couette system are investigated by full numerical simulations
and by coupled amplitude equation approximations. Stable cross-spiral
structures with continuously varying content of left and right spiral modes are
found. They provide a stability transferring connection between the initially
stable, axially counter propagating wave states of pure spirals and the axially
standing waves of so-called ribbons that become stable slightly further away
from onset of vortex flow.


title: Dynamical Stochastic Processes of Returns in Financial Markets

abstract:
  We study the evolution of probability distribution functions of returns, from
the tick data of the Korean treasury bond (KTB) futures and the S$&$P 500 stock
index, which can be described by means of the Fokker-Planck equation. We show
that the Fokker-Planck equation and the Langevin equation from the estimated
Kramers-Moyal coefficients are estimated directly from the empirical data. By
analyzing the statistics of the returns, we present quantitatively the
deterministic and random influences on financial time series for both markets,
for which we can give a simple physical interpretation. We particularly focus
on the diffusion coefficient that may be significantly important for the
creation of a portfolio.


title:
Experimental study of super-rotation in a magnetostrophic spherical
  Couette flow

abstract:
  We report measurements of electric potentials at the surface of a spherical
container of liquid sodium in which a magnetized inner core is differentially
rotating. The azimuthal angular velocities inferred from these potentials
reveal a strong super-rotation of the liquid sodium in the equatorial region,
for small differential rotation. Super-rotation was observed in numerical
simulations by Dormy et al. [1]. We find that the latitudinal variation of the
electric potentials in our experiments differs markedly from the predictions of
a similar numerical model, suggesting that some of the assumptions used in the
model - steadiness, equatorial symmetry, and linear treatment for the evolution
of both the magnetic and velocity fields - are violated in the experiments. In
addition, radial velocity measurements, using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry,
provide evidence of oscillatory motion near the outer sphere at low latitude:
it is viewed as the signature of an instability of the super-rotating region.


title: Asymptotic analysis of ultra-relativistic charge

abstract:
  This article offers a new approach for analysing the dynamic behaviour of
distributions of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. After
discussing the limitations inherent in the Lorentz-Dirac equation for a single
point particle a simple model is proposed for a charged continuum interacting
self-consistently with the Maxwell field in vacuo. The model is developed using
intrinsic tensor field theory and exploits to the full the symmetry and
light-cone structure of Minkowski spacetime. This permits the construction of a
regular stress-energy tensor whose vanishing divergence determines a system of
non-linear partial differential equations for the velocity and self-fields of
accelerated charge. Within this covariant framework a particular perturbation
scheme is motivated by an exact class of solutions to this system describing
the evolution of a charged fluid under the combined effects of both self and
external electromagnetic fields. The scheme yields an asymptotic approximation
in terms of inhomogeneous linear equations for the self-consistent Maxwell
field, charge current and time-like velocity field of the charged fluid and is
defined as an ultra-relativistic configuration. To facilitate comparisons with
existing accounts of beam dynamics an appendix translates the tensor
formulation of the perturbation scheme into the language involving electric and
magnetic fields observed in a laboratory (inertial) frame.


title: Swimming Efficiency of Bacterium Escherichia Coli

abstract:
  We use in vivo measurements of swimming bacteria in an optical trap to
determine fundamental properties of bacterial propulsion. In particular, we
determine the propulsion matrix, which relates the angular velocity of the
flagellum to the torques and forces propelling the bacterium. From the
propulsion matrix dynamical properties such as forces, torques, swimming speed
and power can be obtained from measurements of the angular velocity of the
motor. We find significant heterogeneities among different individuals even
though all bacteria started from a single colony. The propulsive efficiency,
defined as the ratio of the propulsive power output to the rotary power input
provided by the motors, is found to be 0.2%.


title:
Search for monopoles using superconducting quantum interference device
  (SQUID)

abstract:
  The discovery of magnetic monopoles would be of fundamental significance in
the research of modern physics. In this paper, we present a short review of the
history of magnetic monopole research. The theoretical work and experimental
technique in the search for magnetic monopoles using SQUID (superconducting
quantum interference device) are investigated. We also discuss the properties
of magnetic monopole and propose a possible experimental test based upon the
Faraday induction method.


title: Escape of a Uniform Random Walk from an Interval

abstract:
  We study the first-passage properties of a random walk in the unit interval
in which the length of a single step is uniformly distributed over the finite
range [-a,a]. For a of the order of one, the exit probabilities to each edge of
the interval and the exit time from the interval exhibit anomalous properties
stemming from the change in the minimum number of steps to escape the interval
as a function of the starting point. As a decreases, first-passage properties
approach those of continuum diffusion, but non-diffusive effects remain because
of residual discreteness effects


title:
Fast electronic relaxation in metal nanoclusters via excitation of
  coherent shape deformations: Circumventing a bottleneck

abstract:
  Electron-phonon relaxation in size-quantized systems may become inhibited
when the spacing of discrete electron energy levels exceeds the magnitude of
the phonon frequency. We show, however, that nanoclusters can support a fast
nonradiative relaxation channel which derives from their distinctive ability to
undergo Jahn-Teller shape deformations. Such a deformation represents a
collective and coherent vibrational excitation and enables electronic
transitions to occur without a multiphonon bottleneck. We analyze this
mechanism for a metal cluster within the analytical framework of a
three-dimensional potential well undergoing a spheroidal distortion. An
expression for the time evolution of the distortion parameter is derived, the
electronic level crossing condition formulated, and the probability of
electronic transition at a level crossing is evaluated. An application to
electron-hole recombination in a closed-shell aluminum cluster with 40
electrons shows that the short (~250 fs) excitation lifetime observed in recent
pump-probe experiments can be explained by the proposed mechanism.


title:
Reply to Comment on Symbolic Calculation of Two-Center Overlap Integrals
  Over Slater-Type Orbitals

abstract:
  The comments of Guseinov are critically analyzed. Contrary to his comments,
it is pointed out that our formula for two-center overlap integrals over Slater
type orbitals have been derived independently, not derived from the earlier
works of Guseinov by changing the summation indices. Therefore, our algorithm
is original, is not affected from possible instability problems and can be used
in large scale calculations without loss of significant figures. Meanwhile, it
should be stressed that his comment on the transformation of our formula into
his formula proves the correctness of our algorithm and therefore can be
regarded as a nice sound of science.

categories: physics.chem-ph astro-ph hep-ph math-ph math.MP


title: Explanation and discovery in aerodynamics

abstract:
  The purpose of this paper is to discuss and clarify the explanations commonly
cited for the aerodynamic lift generated by a wing, and to then analyse, as a
case study of engineering discovery, the aerodynamic revolutions which have
taken place within Formula 1 in the past 40 years. The paper begins with an
introduction that provides a succinct summary of the mathematics of fluid
mechanics.


title: Dynamical Structures of High-Frequency Financial Data

abstract:
  We study the dynamical behavior of high-frequency data from the Korean Stock
Price Index (KOSPI) using the movement of returns in Korean financial markets.
The dynamical behavior for a binarized series of our models is not completely
random. The conditional probability is numerically estimated from a return
series of KOSPI tick data. Non-trivial probability structures can be
constituted from binary time series of autoregressive (AR), logit, and probit
models, for which the Akaike Information Criterion shows a minimum value at the
15th order. From our results, we find that the value of the correct match ratio
for the AR model is slightly larger than the findings of other models.


title: Nanosecond microscopy with a high spectroscopic resolution

abstract:
  We demonstrate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in a
wide-field setup with nanosecond laser pulse excitation. In contrast to
confocal setups, the image of a sample can be recorded with a single pair of
excitation pulses. For this purpose the excitation geometry is specially
designed in order to satisfy the phase matching condition over the whole sample
area. The spectral, temporal and spatial sensitivity of the method is
demonstrated by imaging test samples, i.e. oil vesicles in sunflower seeds, on
a nanosecond timescale. The method provides snapshot imaging in 3 nanoseconds
with a spectral resolution of 25 wavenumbers (cm$^{-1}$).


title: Opto-Electronics in Large Array Gas Detector Systems

abstract:
  Large array gas detector systems are used in particle and nuclear physics
experiments involving high-energy nucleon-nucleon and heavy-ion collisions. We
have observed that in large array gas detector systems the momentary discharges
inside the detector cells result in slowdown of High Voltage conditioning and
possible hindrances in signal processing. We have explored the opto-electronic
devices like the opto-coupler, optical fibre and signal processing circuit,
which provide successful monitoring procedures and preventive measures to
overcome the challenges produced in such complex detector systems.


title: Induced radiation processes in single-bubble sonoluminescence

abstract:
  According to the recent revision of the theory of thermal radiation, thermal
black-body radiation has an induced origin. We show that in single-bubble
sonoluminescence thermal radiation is emitted by a spherical resonator,
coincident with the sonoluminescing bubble itself, instead of the ensemble of
elementary resonators emitting thermal black-body radiation in the case of open
gaseous media. For a given wavelength, the diameter of the resonator is fixed,
and this explains the very high constancy in phase of light flashes from the
sonoluminesing bubble, which is better than the constancy of period of a
driving acoustic wave.


title: Strings and Planck Oscillators

abstract:
  We contrast two theories which both start in one dimension at the Planck
scale, viz., Quantum SuperString or M-Theory and a theory of Planck
oscillations


title:
Comment on Formulas and numerical table for the radial part of overlap
  integrals with the same screening parametres of Slater-type orbitals

abstract:
  Recently published formulas for the calculation of radial part of overlap
integrals (E.Oztekin, M.Yavuz, S.Atalay, Theor.Cmem.Acc., (2001), 106, 264) are
critically analyzed. It is demonstrated that the presented in this work
formulas are not original and they can be easily be obtained from the formulas
already established in our papers.


title: Very High Mach Number Electrostatic Shocks in Collisionless Plasmas

abstract:
  The kinetic theory of collisionless electrostatic shocks resulting from the
collision of plasma slabs with different temperatures and densities is
presented. The theoretical results are confirmed by self-consistent
particle-in-cell simulations, revealing the formation and stable propagation of
electrostatic shocks with very high Mach numbers ($M \gg 10$), well above the
predictions of the classical theories for electrostatic shocks.


title: The PAX Toolkit and its Applications at Tevatron and LHC

abstract:
  At the CHEP03 conference we launched the Physics Analysis eXpert (PAX), a C++
toolkit released for the use in advanced high energy physics (HEP) analyses.
This toolkit allows to define a level of abstraction beyond detector
reconstruction by providing a general, persistent container model for HEP
events. Physics objects such as particles, vertices and collisions can easily
be stored, accessed and manipulated. Bookkeeping of relations between these
objects (like decay trees, vertex and collision separation, etc.) including
deep copies is fully provided by the relation management. Event container and
associated objects represent a uniform interface for algorithms and facilitate
the parallel development and evaluation of different physics interpretations of
individual events. So-called analysis factories, which actively identify and
distinguish different physics processes and study systematic uncertainties, can
easily be realized with the PAX toolkit.
  PAX is officially released to experiments at Tevatron and LHC. Being explored
by a growing user community, it is applied in a number of complex physics
analyses, two of which are presented here. We report the successful application
in studies of t-tbar production at the Tevatron and Higgs searches in the
channel t-tbar-Higgs at the LHC and give a short outlook on further
developments.


title: Vibration by relativistic effects

abstract:
  Relativity, time reversal invariance in mechanics and principle of causality
can be in the bases of a type of vibration of the extensive objects. It is
because, the detailed analysis of the relativistic movement of an extensive
body entail that all the objects must have inherent a vibratory movement to
their own size. Such effect does not happen when it works with point particles
thus is not stranger who happens unnoticed in the traditional studies. Also we
can find relation between the form of vibration of the extensive objects and
the energy that calculates by quantum considerations.


title:
Simple model of skeletal matter composed of magnetized electrically
  conducting thin rods

abstract:
  A simple electrodynamic model for describing the behavior of a skeletal
matter composed of magnetized, electrically conducting thin rods (1D magnetic
dipoles) is proposed. It is aimed at modeling the self-assembling of a skeletal
matter from carbon nanotubes (or similar nanodust), as suggested for
interpreting the experimental data on the long-lived filamentary structures in
the high-current electric discharges. Here the capability of the model is
illustrated with the example of how a straight tubular skeleton, which is
composed of ~300 dipoles and carry circular electric current in its wall, may
be wrapped up by a distant pulsed electric current to make a toroid-like
structure.


title: SuperB: a linear high-luminosity B Factory

abstract:
  This paper is based on the outcome of the activity that has taken place
during the recent workshop on "SuperB in Italy" held in Frascati on November
11-12, 2005. The workshop was opened by a theoretical introduction of Marco
Ciuchini and was structured in two working groups. One focused on the machine
and the other on the detector and experimental issues.
  The present status on CP is mainly based on the results achieved by BaBar and
Belle. Estabilishment of the indirect CP violation in B sector in 2001 and of
the direct CP violation in 2004 thanks to the success of PEP-II and KEKB e+e-
asymmetric B Factories operating at the center of mass energy corresponding to
the mass of the Y(4s). With the two B Factories taking data, the Unitarity
Triangle is now beginning to be overconstrained by improving the measurements
of the sides and now also of the angles alpha, and gamma. We are also in
presence of the very intriguing results about the measurements of sin(2 beta)
in the time dependent analysis of decay channels via penguin loops, where b -->
s sbar s and b --> s dbar d. Tau physics, in particular LFV search, as well as
charm and ISR physics are important parts of the scientific program of a SuperB
Factory. The physics case together with possible scenarios for the high
luminosity SuperB Factory based on the concepts of the Linear Collider and the
related experimental issues are discussed.


title:
Response to Comment on Electric Multipole Moments for Some First-Row
  Diatomic Hydride Molecules [Commun. Theor. Phys. 38 (2002) 256]

abstract:
  The comment of Guseinov is irrelevant and also unjust. In contrast to his
comment, we show that the obtained electric multipole moment values for some
first-row diatomic molecules are original and better than his values (I.I.
Guseinov, E. Akin, and A.M. Rzaeva, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 453 (1998) 163)
with respect to Hartree-Fock values. Moreover, it must be noted that all the
formulas are cited in our paper (M. Orbay and T. Ozdogan, Commun. Theor. Phys.
(Beijing, China) 35 (2001) 585) and corrigendum (M. Orbay and T. Ozdogan,
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 37 (2002) 768).


title: On the gravitational collapse of a massive star

abstract:
  The celebrated treatment of continued gravitational collapse by Oppenheimer
and Snyder is revisited and emended from some inherent flaws. The star
contracts itself into a material point, not into a black hole.


title: Measures and Mismeasures of Scientific Quality

abstract:
  We present a general Bayesian method for quantifying the statistical
reliability of one-dimensional measures of scientific quality based on citation
data. Two quality measures used in practice -- ``papers per year'' and
``Hirsch's $h$'' -- are shown to lack the accuracy and precision necessary to
be useful. The mean, median and maximum number of citations are on the other
hand reliable and permit accurate predictions of future author performance on
the basis of as few as 50 publications.


title:
On Possibility of Electromagnetic Nature of Atmospheric Intensive
  Vortices Generation

abstract:
  Our goal is to find out possible appearance of rotational motion in the
atmosphere, created by a lightning. A positive solution of this question, in
the end, leads to a necessity of accepting that processes of birth and
annihilation of electron-positron pairs take place in the leader head of
lightning channel. Under this condition, within the framework of our physical
model of development of a lightning, we suggest a logical explanation of the
stepwise structure of a negative leader, intensive radio emission produced by
lightnings, gamma-ray flashes from thunderstorm and anomalously intensive
electric currents from positive leaders. As for the development of intensive
tornado it is determined by pumping of the angular moment produced by
lightnings in a local area of the thunderstorm.
  Index Terms: 3324 Atmospheric Processes: Lightning; 3304 Atmospheric
Processes: Atmospheric electricity


title: On the multi-fractal structure of traded volume in financial markets

abstract:
  In this pre-print we explore the multi-fractal properties of 1 minute traded
volume of the equities which compose the Dow Jones 30. We also evaluate the
weights of linear and non-linear dependences in the multi-fractal structure of
the observable. Our results show that the multi-fractal nature of traded volume
comes essencially from the non-Gaussian form of the probability density
functions and from non-linear dependences.


title:
Appropriateness of correlated first order auto-regressive processes for
  modeling daily temperature records

abstract:
  The present study investigates linear and volatile (nonlinear) correlations
of first-order autoregressive process with uncorrelated AR (1) and long-range
correlated CAR (1) Gaussian innovations as a function of the process parameter
($\theta$). In the light of recent findings \cite{jano}, we discuss the choice
of CAR (1) in modeling daily temperature records. We demonstrate that while CAR
(1) is able to capture linear correlations it is unable to capture nonlinear
(volatile) correlations in daily temperature records.


title:
Scaling and self-similarity in an unforced flow of inviscid fluid
  trapped inside a viscous fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell

abstract:
  We investigate quasi-two-dimensional relaxation, by surface tension, of a
long straight stripe of inviscid fluid trapped inside a viscous fluid in a
Hele-Shaw cell. Combining analytical and numerical solutions, we describe the
emergence of a self-similar dumbbell shape and find non-trivial dynamic
exponents that characterize scaling behavior of the dumbbell dimensions.


title: Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure levels in hydrogenlike ions

abstract:
  The fully relativistic theory of the Zeeman splitting of the $1s$ hyperfine
structure levels in hydrogenlike ions is considered for the magnetic field
magnitude in the range from 1 to 10 T. The second-order corrections to the
Breit -- Rabi formula are calculated and discussed. The results can be used for
a precise determination of nuclear magnetic moments from $g$ factor
experiments.


title: High-Accuracy Microwave Atomic Clock via Magic Optical Lattice

abstract:
  A microwave atomic clock scheme based on Rb and Cs atoms trapped in optical
lattice with magic wavelength for clock transition is proposed. The ac Stark
shift of clock transition due to trapping laser can be canceled at some
specific laser wavelengths. Comparing with in fountain clock, the cavity
related shifts, the collision shift, and the Doppler effect are eliminated or
suppressed dramatically in atomic clock when the magic optical lattice is
exploited. By carefully analyzing various sources of clock uncertainty, we
conclude that a microwave atomic clock with an accuracy of better than
$2\times10^{-17}$ is feasible, which is of the same accuracy as the expected
best optical atomic clock.


title:
Evidences for and the models of self-similar skeletal structures in
  fusion devices, severe weather phenomena and space

abstract:
  The paper briefly reviews (i) the evidences for self-similar structures of a
skeletal form (namely, tubules and cartwheels, and their simplest
combinations), called the Universal Skeletal Structures (USS), observed in the
range 10-5 cm - 1023 cm. in the high-current electric discharges in various
fusion devices, severe weather phenomena, and space, (ii) the models for
interpreting the phenomenon of skeletal structures, including the hypothesis
for a fractal condensed matter (FCM), assembled from nanotubular dust, and
(iii) probable role of FCM, which might be responsible for the USS phenomenon,
in tornado, ball lightning, and waterspout.


title: Self-propelled film-boiling liquids

abstract:
  We report that liquids perform self-propelled motion when they are placed in
contact with hot surfaces with asymmetric (ratchet-like) topology. The pumping
effect is observed when the liquid is in the film-boiling regime, for many
liquids and over a wide temperature range. We propose that liquid motion is
driven by a viscous force exerted by vapor flow between the solid and the
liquid.


title: Virtual Reality Visualization by CAVE with VFIVE and VTK

abstract:
  The CAVE-type virtual reality (VR) system was introduced for scientific
visualization of large scale data in the plasma simulation community about a
decade ago. Since then, we have been developing a VR visualization software,
VFIVE, for general CAVE systems. Recently, we have integrated an open source
visualization library, the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), into VFIVE. Various
visualization methods of VTK can be incorporated and used interactively in
VFIVE.


title: A simple mechanism for controlling vortex breakdown in a closed flow

abstract:
  This work is focused to study the development and control of the laminar
vortex breakdown of a flow enclosed in a cylinder. We show that vortex
breakdown can be controlled by the introduction of a small fixed rod in the
axis of the cylinder. Our method to control the onset of vortex breakdown is
simpler than those previously proposed, since it does not require any auxiliary
device system. The effect of the fixed rods may be understood using a simple
model based on the failure of the quasi-cylindrical approximation. We report
experimental results of the critical Reynolds number for the appearance of
vortex breakdown for different radius of the fixed rods and different aspect
ratios of the system. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and
experimental results.


title: Nonlinear resonance absorption in laser-cluster interaction

abstract:
  Rare gas or metal clusters are known to absorb laser energy very efficiently.
Upon cluster expansion the Mie plasma frequency may become equal to the laser
frequency. This linear resonance has been well studied both experimentally and
theoretically employing pump probe schemes. In this work we focus on the
few-cycle regime or the early stage of the cluster dynamics where linear
resonance is not met but nevertheless efficient absorption of laser energy
persists. By retrieving time-dependent oscillator frequencies from
particle-in-cell simulation results, we show that nonlinear resonance is the
dominant mechanism behind outer ionization and energy absorption in near
infrared laser-driven clusters.


title:
Quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of metastable states of
  Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, Yb$^+$, Hg$^+$, and Au

abstract:
  Atomic quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of the metastable $^2
D_{3/2, 5/2}$ states of Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, Yb$^+$, and Hg$^+$ are
calculated by the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic
configuration-interaction methods. For Hg$^+$, the configuration is $5d^9
6s^2$. For the other ions, the configuration consists of a single $d$-electron
outside a set of closed shells. Current interest in the quadrupole moments of
these states is due to the fact that optical transitions of these ions may be
useful as references for frequency standards. Energy shifts of the metastable
states due to the interactions of the quadrupole moments with external electric
field gradients are among the largest sources of error in these frequency
standards. For the quadrupole moments, agreement is obtained to within about
10~% with the available measurements. For the hyperfine constants, good
agreement is obtained with measurements and with other calculations, except for
the $A$ factors of the $^2D_{5/2}$ states of Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, and Yb$^+$, where
the correlation effects are so large that they reverse the sign of the constant
relative to the Dirac-Hartree-Fock value. As a test of the Hg$^+$ calculational
methods, quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants are calculated for the
$5d^9 6s^2 ^2 D_{3/2, 5/2}$ states in isoelectronic neutral Au. This yields a
new value of the nuclear quadrupole moment $Q$($^{197}$Au) = +0.587(29) b.


title:
A Method Based on a Nonlinear Generalized Heisenberg Algebra to Study
  the Molecular Vibrational Spectrum

abstract:
  We propose a method, based on a Generalized Heisenberg Algebra (GHA), to
reproduce the anharmonic spectrum of diatomic molecules. The theoretical
spectrum generated by GHA allows us to fit the experimental data and to obtain
the dissociation energy for the carbon monoxide molecule. Our outcomes are more
accurate than the standard models used to study molecular vibrations, namely
the Morse and the $q$-oscillator models and comparable to the perturbed Morse
model proposed by Huffaker \cite{hf}, for the first experimental levels. The
dissociation energy obtained here is more accurate than all previous models.


title:
Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics from Darwinian
  Dynamics: a Primer

abstract:
  We present here an exploration on on the physical implications of the
Darwinian dynamics. We first show that how the nonequilibrium statistical
mechanics emerges naturally. We then show that the first three laws of the
thermodynamics, the Zeroth Law, the First Law and the Second Law can be
followed from the Darwinian dynamics, except the Third Law. The inability to
derive the Third Law indicates that the Darwinian dynamics belongs to the
"classical" domain. Specifically, the Second Law is proved from the dynamical
point of view. Two types of current dynamical equalities are explicitly
discussed in the paper: one is based on Feynman-Kac formula and one is a
generalization of the Einstein relation. Both are directly accessible to
experimental tests. Our demonstration indicates that the Darwinian dynamics is
logically a simple and straightforward starting point to get into
thermodynamics and is complementary to the conservative dynamics dominated in
physics.


title:
Experimental Investigation of the Dark Pseudoresonance on the D1 Line of
  the 87Rb Atom Excited by a Linearly Polarized Field

abstract:
  The measurements of the metrological characteristics (amplitude, width, and
shift in the magnetic field) of the dark pseudoresonance, which was proposed by
Kazakov et al. [quant-ph/0506167] as the reference resonance for an atomic
frequency standard, are reported. It has been shown that the characteristics of
the pseudoresonance are worse than those of the unsplit electromagnetically
induced transparency resonance for the excitation scheme with the lin||lin
polarization on the D1 line of the 87Rb atom.


title: Fifty years of the Glauber diffraction theory

abstract:
  In this minireview a historical excursus in theoretical studies related to
the Glauber diffraction theory has been presented with an accent on the recent
developments in this subject.


title:
Micrometric Position Monitoring Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in
  Silicon Detectors

abstract:
  We show R&D results including long term stability, resolution, radiation
hardness and characterization of Fiber Grating sensors used to monitor
structure deformation, repositioning and surveying of silicon detector in High
Energy Physics.


title:
Two- and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Analysis of the Straw
  Tubes Tomography in the Btev Experiment

abstract:
  A check of the eccentricity of the aluminised kapton straw tubes used in the
BTeV experiment is accomplished using X-ray tomography of the section of tubes
modules. 2 and 3-dimensional images of the single tubes and of the modules are
reconstructed and analysed. Preliminary results show that a precision better
than 40 $\mu$m can be reached on the measurement of the straw radii.


title: A Novel Approach for an Integrated Straw tube-Microstrip Detector

abstract:
  We report on a novel concept of silicon microstrips and straw tubes detector,
where integration is accomplished by a straw module with straws not subjected
to mechanical tension in a Rohacell $^{\circledR}$ lattice and carbon fiber
reinforced plastic shell. Results on mechanical and test beam performances are
reported on as well.


title: Nonlinear Averaging in Economics

abstract:
  Kolmogorov nonlinear averaging is complemented by a natural axiom. For this
averaging, we prove a theorem on large deviations as well as establish the
relationship to the tunnel canonical operator.


title:
Again on Majorana and the Thomas-Fermi model: a comment to
  physics/0511222

abstract:
  We comment on a recent paper announcing the discovery of a previously unknown
publication of Ettore Majorana on the Thomas-Fermi atomic model. In pointing
out that such a publication was not written by Majorana, we correct some
misunderstandings and clarify the historical and scientific relevance of the
"forgotten publication".


title: Quantum Properties of Cavity Cerenkov Radiation

abstract:
  Cerenkov radiation from cavities have been analyzed by quantum electrodynamic
theory. Analytical expressions of some basic radiation properties including
Einstein's $A$ and $B$ coefficients are derived and shown to be directly
modified by the cavities. Coherent and incoherent radiations are analyzed with
the aim of generating THz radiation from the devices.


title:
On the vector solutions of Maxwell equations in spherical coordinate
  systems

abstract:
  The Maxwell equations for the spherical components of the electromagnetic
fields outside sources do not separate into equations for each component alone.
We show, however, that general solutions can be obtained by separation of
variables in the case of azimuthal symmetry. Boundary conditions are easier to
apply to these solutions, and their forms highlight the similarities and
differences between the electric and magnetic cases in both time-independent
and time-dependent situations. Instructive examples of direct calculation of
electric and magnetic fields from localized charge and current distributions
are presented.


title: Hot water can freeze faster than cold?!?

abstract:
  We review the Mpemba effect, where intially hot water freezes faster than
initially cold water. While the effect appears impossible at first sight, it
has been seen in numerous experiments, was reported on by Aristotle, Francis
Bacon, and Descartes, and has been well-known as folklore around the world. It
has a rich and fascinating history, which culminates in the dramatic story of
the secondary school student, Erasto Mpemba, who reintroduced the effect to the
twentieth century scientific community. The phenomenon, while simple to
describe, is deceptively complex, and illustrates numerous important issues
about the scientific method: the role of skepticism in scientific inquiry, the
influence of theory on experiment and observation, the need for precision in
the statement of a scientific hypothesis, and the nature of falsifiability. We
survey proposed theoretical mechanisms for the Mpemba effect, and the results
of modern experiments on the phenomenon. Studies of the observation that hot
water pipes are more likely to burst than cold water pipes are also described.


title: The Uniqueness of the World

abstract:
  We follow some (wild) speculations on trying to understand the uniqueness of
our physical world, from the field concept to F-Theory.


title: Seismic Interevent Time: A Spatial Scaling and Multifractality

abstract:
  The optimal scaling problem for the time t(LxL) between two successive events
in a seismogenic cell of size L is considered. The quantity t(LxL) is defined
for a random cell of a grid covering a seismic region G. We solve that problem
in terms of a multifractal characteristic of epicenters in G known as the
tau-function or generalized fractal dimensions; the solution depends on the
type of cell randomization. Our theoretical deductions are corroborated by
California seismicity with magnitude M>2. In other words, the population of
waiting time distributions for L = 10-100 km provides positive information on
the multifractal nature of seismicity, which impedes the population to be
converted into a unified law by scaling. This study is a follow-up of our
analysis of power/unified laws for seismicity (see PAGEOPH 162 (2005), 1135 and
GJI 162 (2005), 899).


title: The nature of the electron

abstract:
  Through investigating history, evolution of the concept, and development in
the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our
understanding of the electron is a structure, into which all attributes of the
electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby
postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn
Helix (a so-called Hubius Helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a
mass-less particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to
describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the
formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the
electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine structure constant, anomalous
magnetic moment, and charge quantization into one concrete description of the
Hubius Helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly.
Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacy of the
formulation is discussed.


title: The Topology of Music Recommendation Networks

abstract:
  We study the topology of several music recommendation networks, which rise
from relationships between artist, co-occurrence of songs in playlists or
experts' recommendation. The analysis uncovers the emergence of complex network
phenomena in this kind of recommendation networks, built considering artists as
nodes and their resemblance as links. We observe structural properties that
provide some hints on navigation and possible optimizations on the design of
music recommendation systems. Finally, the analysis derived from existing music
knowledge sources provides a deeper understanding of the human music similarity
perceptions.


title: Phototube tests in the MiniBooNE experiment

abstract:
  The MiniBooNE neutrino oscillation experiment at Fermilab uses 1520 8-inch
PMTs: 1197 PMTs are Hamamatsu model R1408 and the rest are model R5912. All of
the PMTs were tested to qualify for inclusion in the detector, sorted according
to their charge and time resolutions and dark rates. Seven PMTs underwent
additional low light level tests. The relative detection efficiency as a
function of incident angle for seven additional PMTs was measured. Procedures
and results are presented.


title:
The origin of Iraq's nuclear weapons program: Technical reality and
  Western hypocrisy

abstract:
  This report is based on a series of papers written between 1980 and 2005 on
the origin of Iraq's nuclear weapons program, which was known to one of the
authors in the late 1970s already, as well as to a number of other physicists,
who independently tried without success to inform their governments and the
public.
  It is concluded that at no point did the Western governments effectively try
to stop Iraq's nuclear weapons program, which suggests that its existence was
useful as a foreign policy tool, as is confirmed by its use as a major
justification to wage two wars on Iraq.


title:
On the modification of the photoionization of subvalent subshells in
  endohedral noble gas atoms

abstract:
  It is demonstrated that outer and inner electron shells, including that
formed by collectivized electrons of the fullerene C60, affects dramatically
the cross section of the subvalent ns-subshells of the noble gas endohedral
atoms A@C60. The calculations are performed within the framework of a very
simple, so-called "orange skin", model that makes it possible, in spite of its
simplicity, to take into account the modification of the ns-subshell due to its
interaction with inner and outer atomic shells, as well as with the
collectivized electrons of the C60. As a concrete example, we consider the Xe
5s electrons completely collectivized by the powerful action of the Xe close
and remote multi-electron neighboring shells.


title: Self-learning Mutual Selection Model for Weighted Networks

abstract:
  In this paper, we propose a self-learning mutual selection model to
characterize weighted evolving networks. By introducing the self-learning
probability $p$ and the general mutual selection mechanism, which is controlled
by the parameter $m$, the model can reproduce scale-free distributions of
degree, weight and strength, as found in many real systems. The simulation
results are consistent with the theoretical predictions approximately.
Interestingly, we obtain the nontrivial clustering coefficient $C$ and tunable
degree assortativity $r$, depending on the parameters $m$ and $p$. The model
can unify the characterization of both assortative and disassortative weighted
networks. Also, we find that self-learning may contribute to the assortative
mixing of social networks.


title: How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma?

abstract:
  Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement
fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and
heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility
(NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of
intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have
identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion
plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement
with recent experimental data, and suggest a way to increase that maximum by
appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our
theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and
backscatter and suggests the indirect control of backscatter through
manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping.

categories: physics.plasm-ph nlin.CD nlin.PS physics.optics


title: Surface EM waves in 1D Photonic Crystals

abstract:
  Accurate analytic approximations are developed for the band gap boundaries
and surface waves of a 1D photonic crystal, making use of the semiclassical
theory recently developed by the authors: [Phys. Rev. E {69} (2004) 016612 and
{70} (2004) 016606]. These analytic results provide useful insight on
systematics of surface states.


title: Creation of the Universe

abstract:
  Possibilities for solution of the problem of creation of the Universe from a
physical vacuum in the framework the General Relativity and modern quantum
field theory are discussed in the context of the official doctrine accepted in
Trinity College at the Newton time.


title: A radioactive decay simulation (For Education)

abstract:
  This article is intended for physics educators and students at school and
undergraduate level. It is used at our department to introduce students to
simulation and offer a guide in using statistics in physics. The simulation
code was created using Matlab, and was given a friendly interface with a
Labview module.


title:
Silicon detectors for the next generation of high energy physics
  experiments: expected degradation

abstract:
  There exists an enormous interest for the study of very high energy domain in
particle physics, both theoretically and experimentally, in the aim to
construct a general theory of the fundamental constituents of matter and of
their interactions. Until now, semiconductor detectors have widely been used in
modern high energy physics experiments. They are elements of the high
resolution vertex and tracking system, as well as of calorimeters. The main
motivation of this work is to discuss how to prepare some possible detectors -
only silicon option being considered, for the new era of HEP challenges because
the bulk displacement damage in the detector, consequence of irradiation,
produces effects at the device level that limit their long time utilisation,
increasing the leakage current and the depletion voltage, eventually up to
breakdown, and thus affecting the lifetime of detector systems. In this paper,
physical phenomena that conduce to the degradation of the detector are
discussed and effects are analysed at the device level (leakage current and
effective carrier concentration) in the radiation environments expected in the
next generation of hadron colliders after LHC, at the next lepton and
gamma-gamma colliders, as well as in astroparticle experiments, in conditions
of long time continuum irradiations, for different technological options. The
predicted results permit a better decision to obtain devices with harder
parameters to radiation.


title:
Enhancement and suppression of surface plasmon resonance in Ag aggregate
  by optical gain and absorption in surrounding dielectric medium

abstract:
  We have observed the compensation of loss in metal by gain in interfacing
dielectric in the mixture of aggregated silver nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G
dye. The demonstrated six-fold enhancement of the Rayleigh scattering is the
evidence of the increase of the quality factor of the surface plasmon (SP)
resonance. The reported experimental observation paves the road to many
practical applications of nanoplasmonics. We have also predicted and
experimentally observed a suppression of the surface SP resonance in metallic
nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host with absorption.


title: Optimal Investment Horizons for Stocks and Markets

abstract:
  The inverse statistics is the distribution of waiting times needed to achieve
a predefined level of return obtained from (detrended) historic asset prices
\cite{optihori,gainloss}. Such a distribution typically goes through a maximum
at a time coined the {\em optimal investment horizon}, $\tau^*_\rho$, which
defines the most likely waiting time for obtaining a given return $\rho$. By
considering equal positive and negative levels of return, we reported in
\cite{gainloss} on a quantitative gain/loss asymmetry most pronounced for short
horizons. In the present paper, the inverse statistics for 2/3 of the
individual stocks presently in the DJIA is investigated. We show that this
gain/loss asymmetry established for the DJIA surprisingly is {\em not} present
in the time series of the individual stocks nor their average. This observation
points towards some kind of collective movement of the stocks of the index
(synchronization).


title:
The Limits of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of the Genuine
  Fortuitousness Principle

abstract:
  To test the limits of quantum mechanics, a proposal for an experiment on
protons is suggested. The spin component of proton is measured very rapidly in
sequential measurements. The reason for this experiment is derived from the
genuine fortuitousness principle, (A. Bohr, B. R. Mottelson, and O. Ulfbeck,
(2004)).


title:
Identification of nonlinear noisy dynamics of an ecosystem from
  observations of one of its trajectory components

abstract:
  The problem of determining dynamical models and trajectories that describe
observed time-series data allowing for the understanding, prediction and
possibly control of complex systems in nature is of a great interest in a wide
variety of fields. Often, however, only part of the system's dynamical
variables can be measured, the measurements are corrupted by noise and the
dynamics is complicated by an interplay of nonlinearity and random
perturbations. The problem of dynamical inference in these general settings is
challenging researchers for decades. We solve this problem by applying a
path-integral approach to fluctuational dynamics, and show that, given the
measurements, the system trajectory can be obtained from the solution of the
certain auxiliary Hamiltonian problem in which measured data act effectively as
a control force driving the estimated trajectory toward the most probable one
that provides a minimum to certain mechanical action. The dependance of the
minimum action on the model parameters determines the statistical distribution
in the model space consistent with the measurements. We illustrate the
efficiency of the approach by solving an intensively studied problem from the
population dynamics of predator-prey system where the prey populations may be
observed while the predator populations or even their number is difficult or
impossible to estimate. We apply our approach to recover both the unknown
dynamics of predators and model parameters (including parameters that are
traditionally very difficult to estimate) directly from measurements of the
prey dynamics. We provide a comparison of our method with the Markov Chain
Monte Carlo technique.


title:
On a General Theorem of Number Theory Leading to the Gibbs,
  Bose--Einstein, and Pareto Distributions as well as to the Zipf--Mandelbrot
  Law for the Stock Market

abstract:
  The notion of density of a finite set is introduced. We prove a general
theorem of set theory which refines the Gibbs, Bose--Einstein, and Pareto
distributions as well as the Zipf law.


title: Intrinsic Geometric Structure of Turbulent Flow for Newton Fluid

abstract:
  Many researches show that the complicated motion of fluid, such as
turbulence, cannot be well solved by the Navier-Stokes equation. Chen Zida has
founded that the definition of vortex, based on the Stokes decomposition,
cannot well describe the local rotation when the velocity gradient is highly
asymmetric. Chen reformulates the Stokes S+R decomposition into a general S+R
decomposition. By further extending Chen results, this research studies the
motion equation of fluid for the case where highly asymmetric velocity gradient
is exhibited. The result shows that the classical NS equation does not meet the
requirement of angular momentum conservation, which is apparently ignored for
infinitesimal velocity gradient of fluid. This paper reformulates the intrinsic
geometric description of fluid motion and two additional equations are
introduced. Combining with the classical NS equation, the reformulated motion
equations are in closed-form. The research shows that the NS equation is good
approximation for average flow, so it can not solve the turbulent problem in
essential sense. However, this conclusion does not deny that with suitable
additional condition for special engineering problem it is still a would-be
acceptable approximation.


title: Anomalous wave propagation in quasiisotropic media

abstract:
  Based on boundary conditions and dispersion relations, the anomalous
propagation of waves incident from regular isotropic media into quasiisotropic
media is investigated. It is found that the anomalous negative refraction,
anomalous total reflection and oblique total transmission can occur in the
interface associated with quasiisotropic media. The Brewster angles of E- and
H-polarized waves in quasiisotropic media are also discussed. It is shown that
the propagation properties of waves in quasiisotropic media are significantly
different from those in isotropic and anisotropic media.


title: Classical and quantum mechanical plane switching in CO2

abstract:
  Classical plane switching takes place in systems with a pronounced 1:2
resonance, where the degree of freedom with lowest frequency is
doubly-degenerate. Under appropriate conditions, one observes a periodic and
abrupt precession of the plane in which the doubly-degenerate motion takes
place. In this article, we show that quantum plane switching exists in CO2 :
Based on our analytical solutions of the classical Hamilton's equations of
motion, we describe the dependence on vibrational angular momentum and energy
of the frequency of switches and the plane switching angle. Using these
results, we find optimal initial wave packet conditions for CO2 and show,
through quantum mechanical propagation, that such a wave packet indeed displays
plane switching at energies around 10000 cm-1 above the ground state on time
scales of about 100 fs.


title: Research Methodology

abstract:
  In this manuscript various components of research are listed and briefly
discussed. The topics considered in this write-up cover a part of the research
methodology paper of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) course and Doctor of
Philosophy (Ph.D.) course. The manuscript is intended for students and research
scholars of science subjects such as mathematics, physics, chemistry,
statistics, biology and computer science. Various stages of research are
discussed in detail. Special care has been taken to motivate the young
researchers to take up challenging problems. Ten assignment works are given.
For the benefit of young researchers a short interview with three eminent
scientists is included at the end of the manuscript.


title:
P-Violation Manifested at the Molecular Level - A Simple Means for an
  Absolute Definition of "Left" vs. "Right"

abstract:
  P-violation of the nuclear weak force was hitherto believed to manifest
itself only in asymmetric $\beta$-emission due to neutron decay. Molecules with
space asymmetry (like L and D amino acids) are affected by this parity
violation, yielding a parity violation energy difference (PVED) between chiral
isomers in the order of $10^{-16}$ ev. In specific cases, where an
autocatalytic process is combined with interaction with a selective spin isomer
of H$_2$O, this tiny PVED can be amplified to a macroscopic detectable level.
We describe such a system through which one can transmit a universal definition
of "left" and "right." The procedure is straightforward, yielding an absolute
rather than a statistical definition. The argument is illustrated by
paraphrasing Feynman's celebrated thought-experiment of communicating spatial
directions to an alien.


title: A paradigmatic model of Earth's magnetic field reversals

abstract:
  The irregular polarity reversals of the Earth's magnetic field have attracted
much interest during the last decades. Despite the fact that recent numerical
simulations of the geodynamo have shown nice polarity transitions, the very
reason and the basic mechanism of reversals are far from being understood.
Using a paradigmatic mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric
helical turbulence parameter alpha we attribute the essential features of
reversals to the magnetic field dynamics in the vicinity of an exceptional
point of the spectrum of the non-selfadjoint dynamo operator. At such
exceptional (branch) points of square root type two real eigenvalues coalesce
and continue as a complex conjugated pair of eigenvalues. Special focus is laid
on the comparison of numerically computed time series with paleomagnetic
observations. It is shown that the considered dynamo model with high
supercriticality can explain the observed time scale and the asymmetric shape
of reversals with a slow decay and a fast field recovery.


title: Development of Ground-testable Phase Fresnel Lenses in Silicon

abstract:
  Diffractive/refractive optics, such as Phase Fresnel Lenses (PFL's), offer
the potential to achieve excellent imaging performance in the x-ray and
gamma-ray photon regimes. In principle, the angular resolution obtained with
these devices can be diffraction limited. Furthermore, improvements in signal
sensitivity can be achieved as virtually the entire flux incident on a lens can
be concentrated onto a small detector area. In order to verify experimentally
the imaging performance, we have fabricated PFL's in silicon using gray-scale
lithography to produce the required Fresnel profile. These devices are to be
evaluated in the recently constructed 600-meter x-ray interferometry testbed at
NASA/GSFC. Profile measurements of the Fresnel structures in fabricated PFL's
have been performed and have been used to obtain initial characterization of
the expected PFL imaging efficiencies.


title: The shrinking Hubble constant

abstract:
  Hubble plots of the distance of stellar objects vs. recession velocity
normally assume the red shift is wholly Doppler and ignore any gravitational
contribution. This is unwarranted: gravity and Doppler velocity red shifts are
found to be separable and contribute about equally. A recent data set, to
Z=1.2, by Riess (1), was analyzed. Upon plotting distance vs. Doppler velocity,
the slope of the Hubble plot increases. The Hubble plot is also curved,
upwards, and this can be understood in terms of the relativistic metric changes
of the space through which the light travels. On fitting the data to a simple
model of a big bang of constant density, this finds the total mass of the big
bang is M=21.1x10^52 kg. When present actual distance is plotted vs. Doppler
velocity, the plot is linear and agrees with Hubble's concept, without
acceleration. Time since the big bang is longer than the 14 billion years that
had been thought, 23.5 billion years. The Hubble constant hence shrinks from
Ho=71 to Ho=41.6. This is an independent affirmation of a recent CMB finding of
a low Ho=35.


title: The spin-statistics connection in classical field theory

abstract:
  The spin-statistics connection is obtained for a simple formulation of a
classical field theory containing even and odd Grassmann variables. To that
end, the construction of irreducible canonical realizations of the rotation
group corresponding to general causal fields is reviewed. The connection is
obtained by imposing local commutativity on the fields and exploiting the
parity operation to exchange spatial coordinates in the scalar product of
classical field evaluated at one spatial location with the same field evaluated
at a distinct location. The spin-statistics connection for irreducible
canonical realizations of the Poincar\'{e} group of spin $j$ is obtained in the
form: Classical fields and their conjugate momenta satisfy fundamental
field-theoretic Poisson bracket relations for 2$j$ even, and fundamental
Poisson antibracket relations for 2$j$ odd


title:
Transporting of a Cell-Sized Phospholipid Vesicle Across Water/Oil
  Interface

abstract:
  When a cell-sized water droplet, with a diameter of several tens of micro
meter, is placed in oil containing phospholipids, a stable cell-sized vesicle
is spontaneously formed as a water-in-oil phospholipid emulsion (W/O CE) with a
phospholipid monolayer. We transferred the lipid vesicle thus formed in the oil
phase to the water phase across the water/oil interface by micromanipulation,
which suggests that the vesicle is transformed from a phospholipid monolayer as
W/O CE into a bilayer. The lipid vesicle can then be transported back into the
oil phase. This novel experimental procedure may be a useful tool for creating
a model cellular system, which, together with a microreactor, is applicable as
a micrometer-scale biochemical reaction field.


title:
Parametric Amplification in the Dynamic Radiation Force of Acoustic
  Waves in Fluids

abstract:
  We report on parametric amplification in dynamic radiation force produced by
a bichromatic acoustic beam in a fluid. To explain this effect we develop a
theory taking into account the nonlinearity of the fluid. The theory is
validated through an experiment to measure the dynamic radiation force on an
acrylic sphere. Results exhibit an amplification of 66 dB in water and 80 dB in
alcohol as the difference of the frequencies is increased from 10 Hz to 240
kHz.


title: ATLAS RPC Quality Assurance results at INFN Lecce

abstract:
  The main results of the quality assurance tests performed on the Resistive
Plate Chamber used by the ATLAS experiment at LHC as muon trigger chambers are
reported and discussed.
  Since July 2004, about 270 RPC units has been certified at INFN Lecce site
and delivered to CERN, for being integrated in the final muon station of the
ATLAS barrel region.
  We show the key RPC characteristics which qualify the performance of this
detector technology as muon trigger chamber in the harsh LHC enviroments.
  These are dark current, chamber efficiency, noise rate, gas volume
tomography, and gas leakage.


title: CFD Simulation of X-Ads Downcomer Thermal Stratification

abstract:
  This work presents a numerical simulation using CFX 4.4 of the Energy
Amplifier Experimental Facility (X-ADS) downcomer channel. The simulation is
focused on the Steady-State Analysis. The Intermediate Heat exchangers (IHX) of
the X-ADS reference configuration are immersed in the lead-bismuth eutectic of
the downcomer. Due to the absence of a physical separation between the primary
coolant hot and cold collectors, two different flow paths are available in the
downcomer region: inside the IHX and outside it (IHX by-pass flow). The amount
of IHX by-pass flow is determined by the balance between the driving force due
to buoyancy (originated by the weight difference between the cooled fluid
inside the IHX and the hot outside downcomer fluid) and the IHX pressure
losses. At the IHX exit the two flow paths are mixed before the core inlet.
This fact provides a potential for a downcomer thermal stratification, which is
influenced by the actual value of coolant flow rate outside the IHX. The amount
and extension of the thermal stratification phenomena is the object of this
study. The simulation allowed studying the position and intensity of the
thermal stratification phenomena. Several runs have been performed. However, to
limit the extension of the paper, we deal with the results of only one of the
calculations performed, which resulted in the worst condition from the point of
view of thermal loads on the structure. Other results obtained will be shortly
recalled when needed.


title:
Calculation of Bit Error Ratio for Optically Pre-Amplified DPSK
  Receivers Using Optical Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Demodulation and Balanced
  Detection

abstract:
  This paper presents an analysis of how to calculate bit error ratio (BER)
with physical explanation for optically pre-amplified DPSK receivers using
optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) demodulation and balanced detection.
It is shown that BER calculation method for this kind of receivers is different
from the conventional calculation method used widely for IM/DD receivers. An
analytical relationship in receiver sensitivity between DPSK receivers using
MZI demodulation with balanced detection and IM/DD receivers (or DPSK receivers
using MZI demodulation and single-port detection) is given based on the
Gaussian noise approximation. Our calculation method correctly predicts the
3-dB improvement of receiver sensitivity by using balanced detection over
single-port detection or IM/DD receivers. Furthermore, quantum-limited DPSK
receivers with MZI demodulation are also analyzed.


title:
Simulation Studies of Delta-ray Backgrounds in a Compton-Scatter
  Transition Radiation Detector

abstract:
  In order to evaluate the response to cosmic-ray nuclei of a Compton-Scatter
Transition Radiation Detector in the proposed ACCESS space-based mission, a
hybrid Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT3 and an external transition radiation
(TR) generator routine was constructed. This simulation was employed to study
the effects of delta-ray production induced by high-energy nuclei and to
maximize the ratio of TR to delta-ray background. The results demonstrate the
ability of a Compton-Scatter Transition Radiation Detector to measure nuclei
from boron to iron up to Lorentz factors ~ 10^5 taking into account the steeply
falling power-law cosmic ray spectra.


title:
Second-Order Nonlinear Mixing of Two Modes in a Planar Photonic Crystal
  Microcavity

abstract:
  Polarization-resolved second-harmonic spectra are obtained from the resonant
modes of a two-dimensional planar photonic crystal microcavity patterned in a
free-standing InP slab. The photonic crystal microcavity is comprised of a
single missing-hole defect in a hexagonal photonic crystal host formed with
elliptically-shaped holes. The cavity supports two orthogonally-polarized
resonant modes split by 60 wavenumbers. Sum-frequency data are reported from
the nonlinear interaction of the two coherently excited modes, and the
polarization dependence is explained in terms of the nonlinear susceptibility
tensor of the host InP.


title:
A classical key distribution system based on Johnson (like) noise - How
  secure?

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive analysis of the Johnson (like) noise based
classical key-distribution scheme presented by Kish [1]. We suggest two passive
attack strategies that enable an adversary to gain complete knowledge of the
exchanged key. The first approach exploits the transient response of the
voltage difference on the transmission line after the resistors are switched
and the second one exploits the finite impedance of the wire connecting the two
parties.


title:
Les structures fines de l'\'{e}lectromagn\'{e}tisme classique et de la
  relativit\'{e} restreinte (The fine structures of Classical Electromagnetism
  and Special Relativity)

abstract:
  One of us (Y.P.) has shown the existence of a longitudinal component in the
propagation of light waves on the basis of the kinematics underlying
Poincar\'{e}'s ellipse. We show how this statement agrees with the
electromagnetic theory. We recall that the second of us supports the existence
of a "fine structure" of Electromagnetism that is, the co-existence of two
theories, one based on the fields (Heaviside-Hertz) and the other on the
potentials (Riemann-Lorenz). The existence of two different kinematics (the
"fine structure" of Special Relativity : Einstein or Poincar\'{e}) corresponds
to these two formulations of Classical Electromagnetism. With this goal in
mind, we prove the relativistic covariance of the Helmholtz decomposition of
the vector potential. This one translates into a generalized compensation for
all directions of propagation, on the basis of the tangent to Poincar\'{e}'s
ellipse, between the scalar potential and the longitudinal component of the
vector potential. The adoption by Poincar\'{e} of the Lorenz gauge condition
(with longitudinal and temporal components) is in contrast with the Einsteinian
photon and the Einsteinian kinematics with only transversal components
compatible with the choice of the "completed" Coulomb gauge condition
(transverse gauge).


title: Viscous Fluids and Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  From a simple analysis of particle orbits and fluid flows in presence or not
of dissipation, some connections between apparently uncorrelated research areas
are made. The main results point out for a deep relation between quantization
of classical conservative systems and the dissipative version of these systems.


title: Advanced Finite Element Method for Nano-Resonators

abstract:
  Miniaturized optical resonators with spatial dimensions of the order of the
wavelength of the trapped light offer prospects for a variety of new
applications like quantum processing or construction of meta-materials. Light
propagation in these structures is modelled by Maxwell's equations. For a
deeper numerical analysis one may compute the scattered field when the
structure is illuminated or one may compute the resonances of the structure. We
therefore address in this paper the electromagnetic scattering problem as well
as the computation of resonances in an open system. For the simulation
efficient and reliable numerical methods are required which cope with the
infinite domain. We use transparent boundary conditions based on the Perfectly
Matched Layer Method (PML) combined with a novel adaptive strategy to determine
optimal discretization parameters like the thickness of the sponge layer or the
mesh width. Further a novel iterative solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's
equations is presented.


title:
Comment on Cartesian expressions for surface and regular solid spherical
  harmonics using binomial coefficients and its use in the evaluation of
  multicenter integrals

abstract:
  Recently published formulas for the surface and regular solid spherical
harmonics and for the expansion of the product of two normalized associated
Legendre functions with different centers in ellipsoidal coordinates (Telhat
Ozdogan, Metin Orbay, Czech.J.Phys., 52(2002)1297) are critically analyzed. It
is demonstrated that the presented in this work formulas are not original and
they are available in the literature or can easily be obtained from the
published in the literature formulas by changing the summation indices.


title: A high rate flow-focusing foam generator

abstract:
  We use a rigid axisymetric microfluidic flow focusing device to produce
monodisperse bubbles, dispersed in a surfactant solution. The gas volume
fraction of the dispersion collected out of this device can be as large as 90%,
demonstrating that foam with solid-like viscoelastic properties can be produced
in this way. The polydispersity of the bubbles is so low that we observe
crystallization of our foam. We measure the diameter of the bubbles and compare
these data to recent theoretical predictions. The good control over bubble size
and foam gas volume fraction shows that our device is a flexible and promising
tool to produce calibrated foam at a high flow rate.


title:
Relativistic derivations of the electric and magnetic fields generated
  by an electric point charge moving with constant velocity

abstract:
  We propose a simple relativistic derivation of the electric and the magnetic
fields generated by an electric point charge moving with constant velocity. Our
approach is based on the radar detection of the point space coordinates where
the fields are measured. The same equations were previously derived in a
relatively complicated way2 based exclusively on general electromagnetic field
equations and without making use of retarded potentials or relativistic
equations


title: Surface vortex solitons

abstract:
  We discover the existence of vortex solitons supported by the surface between
two optical lattices imprinted in Kerr-type nonlinear media. Such solitons can
feature strongly noncanonical profiles, and we found that their properties are
dictated by the location of the vortex core relative to the surface. The
refractive index modulation forming the lattices at both sides of the interface
results in complete stability of the vortex solitons in wide domains of their
existence, thus introducing the first known example of stable topological
solitons supported by a surface.


title:
Characterizing the reflectance near the Brewster angle: a
  Pade-approximant approach

abstract:
  We characterize the reflectance peak near the Brewster angle for both an
interface between two dielectric media and a single slab. To approach this
problem analytically, we approximate the reflectance by a first-order diagonal
Pad\'e. In this way, we calculate the width and the skewness of the peak and we
show that, although they present a well-resolved maximum, they are otherwise
not so markedly dependent on the refractive index.


title: System Tests of the ATLAS Pixel Detector

abstract:
  The innermost part of the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) experiment at the
LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will be a pixel detector, which is presently under
construction. Once installed into the experimental area, access will be
extremely limited. To ensure that the integrated detector assembly operates as
expected, a fraction of the detector which includes the power supplies and
monitoring system, the optical readout, and the pixel modules themselves, has
been assembled and operated in a laboratory setting for what we refer to as
system tests. Results from these tests are presented.


title: Geometric models of particles - the missing ingredient

abstract:
  Einstein's dream of describing elementary particles as solutions of a
classical field theory is severely limited by our current understanding of
Nature. Quantum theory is inconsistent with any local realistic theory such as
evolving topological structures in space. It is shown that allowing time
reversal as an intrinsic part of the structure of elementary particles allows
general relativity to explain quantum theory in principle. Such structures may
also explain electric charge and spin-half.


title: Analysis of telephone network traffic based on a complex user network

abstract:
  The traffic in telephone networks is analyzed in this paper. Unlike the
classical traffic analysis where call blockings are due to the limited channel
capacity, we consider here a more realistic cause for call blockings which is
due to the way in which users are networked in a real-life human society.
Furthermore, two kinds of user network, namely, the fully-connected user
network and the scale-free network, are employed to model the way in which
telephone users are connected. We show that the blocking probability is
generally higher in the case of the scale-free user network, and that the
carried traffic intensity is practically limited not only by the network
capacity but also by the property of the user network.


title:
Enhanced effect of temporal variation of the fine structure constant in
  diatomic molecules

abstract:
  We show that the relative effect of variation of the fine structure constant
in microwave transitions between very close and narrow rotational-hyperfine
levels may be enhanced 2-3 orders of magnitude in diatomic molecules like LaS,
LaO, LuS, YbF, etc. The enhancement is a result of cancellation between the
hyperfine and rotational intervals.


title: Superluminal group velocity in an anisotropic metamaterial

abstract:
  Based on boundary condition and dispersion relation, the superluminal group
velocity in an anisotropic metamaterial (AMM) is investigated. The superluminal
propagation is induced by the hyperbolic dispersion relation associated with
the AMM. It is shown that a modulated Gaussian beam exhibits a superluminal
group velocity which depends on the choice of incident angles and optical axis
angles. The superluminal propagation does not violate the theory of special
relativity because the group velocity is the velocity of the peak of the
localized wave packet which does not carry information. It is proposed that a
triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystal can be designed and the superluminal group
velocity can be measured experimentally.


title: Coherent manipulation of atoms by co-propagating laser beams

abstract:
  Optical dipole traps and fractional Talbot optical lattices based on the
interference between multiple co-propagating laser beams are proposed. The
variation of relative amplitudes and phases of the interfering light beams of
these traps makes it possible to manipulate the spatial position of trapped
atoms. Examples of spatial translation and splitting of atoms between a set of
the interference traps are considered. The prospect of constructing all-light
atom chips based on the proposed technique is presented.


title: Nonlinear Bloch modes in two-dimensional photonic lattices

abstract:
  We generate experimentally different types of two-dimensional Bloch waves of
a square photonic lattice by employing the phase imprinting technique. We probe
the local dispersion of the Bloch modes in the photonic lattice by analyzing
the linear diffraction of beams associated with the high-symmetry points of the
Brillouin zone, and also distinguish the regimes of normal, anomalous, and
anisotropic diffraction through observations of nonlinear self-action effects.


title: Irreversibility in Classical Mechanics

abstract:
  An explanation of the mechanism of irreversible dynamics was offered. The
explanation was obtained within the framework of laws of classical mechanics by
the expansion of Hamilton formalism. Such expansion consisted in adaptation of
it to describe of the non-potential interaction of a systems. The procedure of
splitting of a system into equilibrium subsystems, presentation of subsystem's
energy as the sum of energy of their relative motion and their internal energy
was the basis of the approach which was used for the analysis of nonequilibrium
systems. As a results the generalized Liouville equation and equation of
subsystems interaction was obtained. Based on these equations, the irreversible
transformation of energy of the relative motion of subsystems into their
internal energy was proved. The formula which expresses the entropy via the
work of subsystems' interaction forces was submitted. The link between
classical mechanics and thermodynamics was discussed.


title: Resonator channel drop filters in a plasmon-polaritons metal

abstract:
  Channel drop filters in a plasmon-polaritons metal are studied. It shows that
light can be efficiently dropped. Results obtained by the FDTD method are
consistent with those from coupled mode theory. It also shows, without
considering the loss of the metal, that the quality factor for the channel drop
system reaches 4000. The quality factor decreases significantly if we take into
account the loss, which also leads to a weak drop efficiency.


title: Mathematical Model of Gravitational and Electrostatic Forces

abstract:
  Author presents mathematical model for acting-on-a-distance attractive and
repulsive forces based on propagation of energy waves that produces Newton
expression for gravitational and Coulomb expression for electrostatic forces.
Model uses mathematical observation that difference between two inverse
exponential functions of the distance asymptotically converges to function
proportional to reciprocal of distance squared.


title:
Path integral Monte Carlo calculations of helium and hydrogen-helium
  plasma thermodynamics and of the deuterium shock Hugoniot

abstract:
  In this work we calculate the thermodynamic properties of hydrogen-helium
plasmas with different mass fractions of helium by the direct path integral
Monte Carlo method. To avoid unphysical approximations we use the path integral
representation of the density matrix. We pay special attention to the region of
weak coupling and degeneracy and compare the results of simulation with a model
based on the chemical picture. Further with the help of calculated deuterium
isochors we compute the shock Hugoniot of deuterium. We analyze our results in
comparison with recent experimental and calculated data on the deuterium
Hugoniot.


title:
Resonant coupling between localized plasmons and anisotropic molecular
  coatings in ellipsoidal metal nanoparticles

abstract:
  We present an analytic theory for the optical properties of ellipsoidal
plasmonic particles covered by anisotropic molecular layers. The theory is
applied to the case of a prolate spheroid covered by chromophores oriented
parallel and perpendicular to the metal surface. For the case that the
molecular layer resonance frequency is close to being degenerate with one of
the particle plasmon resonances strong hybridization between the two resonances
occur. Approximate analytic expressions for the hybridized resonance
frequencies, their extinction cross section peak heights and widths are
derived. The strength of the molecular - plasmon interaction is found to be
strongly dependent on molecular orientation and suggest that this sensitivity
could be the basis for novel nanoparticle based bio/chemo-sensing applications.


title: General stability criterion of inviscid parallel flow

abstract:
  A more restrictively general stability criterion of two-dimensional inviscid
parallel flow is obtained analytically. First, a sufficient criterion for
stability is found as either $-\mu_1<\frac{U''}{U-U_s}<0$ or
$0<\frac{U''}{U-U_s}$ in the flow, where $U_s$ is the velocity at inflection
point, $\mu_1$ is the eigenvalue of Poincar\'{e}'s problem. Second, this
criterion is generalized to barotropic geophysical flows in $\beta$ plane.
Based on the criteria, the flows are are divided into different categories of
stable flows, which may simplify the further investigations. And the
connections between present criteria and Arnol'd's nonlinear criteria are
discussed. These results extend the former criteria obtained by Rayleigh,
Tollmien and Fj{\o}rtoft and would intrigue future research on the mechanism of
hydrodynamic instability.

categories: physics.flu-dyn astro-ph math-ph math.MP physics.plasm-ph


title: Relativistic plasma control for single attosecond pulse generation

abstract:
  To describe the high harmonic generation at plasma surfaces in the
relativistic regime, we introduce the concept of {\it apparent reflection
point} (ARP). It appears to an external observer that the radiation electric
field is zero at the ARP. The relativistic dynamics of the ARP completely
defines the generation of high harmonics and attosecond pulses. The ARP
velocity is a smooth function of time. The corresponding $\gamma$-factor,
however, has sharp spikes at the times when the tangential vector potential
vanishes and the surface velocity becomes close to the speed of light. We show
that managing the laser polarization, one can efficiently control the ARP
dynamics, e.g., to gate a single (sub-)attosecond pulse out of the short pulse
train generated by a multi-cycle driver. This relativistic control is
demonstrated numerically by particle-in-cell simulations.


title: Escape rates in periodically driven Markov processes

abstract:
  We present an approximate analytical expression for the escape rate of
time-dependent driven stochastic processes with an absorbing boundary such as
the driven leaky integrate-and-fire model for neural spiking. The novel
approximation is based on a discrete state Markovian modeling of the full
long-time dynamics with time-dependent rates. It is valid in a wide parameter
regime beyond the restraining limits of weak driving (linear response) and/or
weak noise. The scheme is carefully tested and yields excellent agreement with
three different numerical methods based on the Langevin equation, the
Fokker-Planck equation and an integral equation.