title:
Laser Induced Heat Diffusion Limited Tissue Coagulation: Problem and
  General Properties

abstract:
  Previously we have developed a free boundary model for local thermal
coagulation induced by laser light absorption when the tissue region affected
directly by laser light is sufficiently small and heat diffusion into the
surrounding tissue governs the necrosis growth. In the present paper surveying
the obtained results we state the point of view on the necrosis formation under
these conditions as the basis of an individual laser therapy mode exhibiting
specific properties. In particular, roughly speaking, the size of the resulting
necrosis domain is determined by the physical characteristics of the tissue and
its response to local heating, and by the applicator form rather than the
treatment duration and the irradiation power.


title: On Five Independent Phenomena Sharing a Common Cause

abstract:
  Over the past century a succession of five different independent astronomical
phenomena have been discovered, each appearing to be the result of a common
underlying cause that also produces an unaccounted-for acceleration that is:
quite small, centrally directed in the system exhibiting each phenomenon,
non-gravitational, distance independent, and apparently of a common magnitude.
  The present paper analyzes the phenomena and proposes the underlying common
cause, a common solution to the problem that they present.
  Four of the phenomena, in the order of their discovery are:
  1 - In 1933, the indication by galactic rotation curves that there is such an
acceleration present and acting in galaxies but with no observable cause [hence
the postulating of "Dark Matter"]. Here the acceleration is directed toward the
galactic center, the dominant factor in the mechanics of galaxy rotation.
  2 - In 1998, the Pioneer Anomaly in which the acceleration is directed toward
the Sun, the dominant factor in the mechanics of the Pioneer spacecrafts'
motion.
  3 - In 2008, the Flybys Anomaly for which the acceleration is directed toward
the center of the Earth, the dominant factor in the mechanics of the flyby
motion [as presented in the paper following].
  4 - Also in 2008, confirmed in 2010, the Dark Flow anomaly for which the
acceleration is directed toward the central origin of the overall universe, the
dominant factor in the mechanics of the overall universe, where the Big Bang
and expansion began [as presented in the paper following].
  The earliest of all is
  5 - Hubble's discovery of Redshifts of the light from various distant astral
bodies.


title:
Spectral Characteristics of Ultrashort Pulses in Kerr-lens Mode-Locked
  Lasers

abstract:
  A number of factors that influence spectral position of the femtosecond pulse
in a Kerr-lens modelocked Cr:LiSGaF laser have been identified: high-order
dispersion, gain saturation, reabsorption from the ground state, and stimulated
Raman scattering. Using the one-dimensional numerical model for the simulation
of the laser cavity, the relative contributions of different factors have been
compared. The Raman effect provides the largest self-frequency shift from the
gain peak (up to 60 nm), followed by the gain saturation (25 nm), while the
high-order dispersion contribution is insignificant (5 nm). Comparison with the
experimental data confirm that the stimulated Raman scattering is a main cause
of the ultrashort pulse self-frequency shift observed in Cr:LiSGaF and Cr:LiSAF
lasers


title:
Observation of emission from chaotic lasing modes in deformed
  microspheres: displacement by the stable orbit modes

abstract:
  By combining detailed imaging measurements at different tilt angles with
simulations of ray emission from prolate deformed lasing micro-droplets, we
conclude that the probability density for the lasing modes in a
three-dimensional dielectric microcavity must reside in the chaotic region of
the ray phase space. In particular, maximum emission from such chaotic lasing
modes is not from tangent rays emerging from the highest curvature part of the
rim. The laser emission is observed and calculated to be non-tangent and
displaced from the highest curvature due to the presence of stable orbits. In
this Letter we present the first experimental evidence for this phenomenon of
``dynamical eclipsing''.


title: Quasiclassical Calculations for Wigner Functions via Multiresolution

abstract:
  We present the application of variational-wavelet analysis to
numerical/analytical calculations of Wigner functions in (nonlinear)
quasiclassical beam dynamics problems. (Naive) deformation quantization and
multiresolution representations are the key points.

categories: physics.acc-ph math-ph math.MP nlin.PS physics.comp-ph quant-ph


title:
Localized Coherent Structures and Patterns Formation in Collective
  Models of Beam Motion

abstract:
  We present applications of variational -- wavelet approach to three different
models of nonlinear beam motions with underlying collective behaviour:
Vlasov-Maxwell-Poisson systems, envelope dynamics, beam-beam model. We have the
representation for dynamical variables as a multiresolution (multiscales)
expansion via high-localized nonlinear eigenmodes in the base of compactly
supported wavelet bases. Numerical modelling demonstrates formation of coherent
structures and stable patterns.


title: Hexagonal microlasers based on organic dyes in nanoporous crystals

abstract:
  Molecular sieves, such as nanoporous AlPO_4-5, can host a wide variety of
laser active dyes. We embedded pyridine 2 molecules as a representative of a
commercially available dye which fits into the channel pores of the host
matrix. Many efficient dye molecules, such as rhodamines, do not fit into the
pores. But the amount of encapsulated dyes can be increased by modifying the
structure of the dyes such that they match the host templates. The resulting
microlasers have properties that depend on size and shape of the
microresonators, and we discuss a model for microscopic hexagonal ring
resonators. In terms of pump needed to reach lasing threshold molecular sieve
microlasers are comparable to VCSELs. For dyes which fit into the pores we
observed a partial regeneration of photo-induced damage.


title: An Ultralogic Unification for All Physical Theories

abstract:
  In this paper, the set of all physical theories is represented by a countable
collection of consequence operators. It is established that in the Grundlegend
Structure, a nonstandard structure, there exists a function S such that for any
subset W of L, S selects an ultralogic C such that C(*W) restrictred to L is a
unification for the set of all physical theories as they are applied to W.


title: A Natural Concept of Image in the Physics of fr. Alonso de la Veracruz

abstract:
  Alonso de la Veracruz conducted a physical study of image, regarding the
activities of Soul in which image is produced, as organic operations. This
research was particularly important since, at that time, image was
systematically used to propagate the European culture in New Spain. Besides,
Alonso uses the visual radius to criticize the magical attitude popular in
Renaissance, denying the far sight and fascinations abilities attributed to
witches. Also, Alonso Guti\'errez applies the Aristotelian physics to deny the
healing powers attributed to the kings of France and England, secularizing this
way the gallic monarchies, and several other superstitions of that time. This
way, the physics of image developed by Alonso can be considered as close to the
rationalism of Descartes inasmuch as Guti\'errez criticizes the magical view of
Renaissance and introduces geometrical elements to elucidate physical problems.


title: Mode structure and ray dynamics of a parabolic dome microcavity

abstract:
  We consider the wave and ray dynamics of the electromagnetic field in a
parabolic dome microcavity. The structure of the fundamental s-wave involves a
main lobe in which the electromagnetic field is confined around the focal point
in an effective volume of the order of a cubic wavelength, while the modes with
finite angular momentum have a structure that avoids the focal area and have
correspondingly larger effective volume. The ray dynamics indicates that the
fundamental s-wave is robust with respect to small geometrical deformations of
the cavity, while the higher order modes are associated with ray chaos and
short-lived. We discuss the incidence of these results on the modification of
the spontaneous emission dynamics of an emitter placed in such a parabolic dome
microcavity.


title: Yajnavalkya and the Origins of Puranic Cosmology

abstract:
  This paper shows that characteristic features of Puranic cosmology, such as
alternating cosmic continents and oceans of successively doubling areas, can be
traced to Vedic texts. The Rigveda speaks of seven regions of the universe, and
Yajnavalkya, in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, presents a cosmology that has all the
essential features of the Puranic system. This discovery solves the old puzzle
of the origin of Puranic astronomy.


title:
Cosmic Inflation, the Beginning of the Universe, and the Origin of the
  Various Elements

abstract:
  The cosmic inflation hypothesis, its relation to fundamental theory on the
beginning of the universe, and the light that both shed on how the various
elements and their relative amounts came into existence.
  The fundamental factors controlling the origin of the universe ex nihilo are
developed and from them the following alternative hypotheses are developed and
presented:
  - an alternative to the inflation hypothesis, the purpose of which hypothesis
is to explain how the structure in the universe developed from the initially
unstructured and symmetrical Big Bang, and
  - an alternative to the hypothesis that the various elements in the universe
were formed by nuclear fusion in stars [not denying that it may occur
occasionally].


title: The Elusive Monopole

abstract:
  In this brief note, we argue that the elusive magnetic monopole arises due to
the strong magnetic effects arising from the non commutative space time
structure at small scales. This would also explain why the monopole has eluded
detection even after seventy years.


title:
Recycling probability and dynamical properties of germinal center
  reactions

abstract:
  We introduce a new model for the dynamics of centroblasts and centrocytes in
a germinal center. The model reduces the germinal center reaction to the
elements considered as essential and embeds proliferation of centroblasts,
point mutations of the corresponding antibody types represented in a shape
space, differentiation to centrocytes, selection with respect to initial
antigens, differentiation of positively selected centrocytes to plasma or
memory cells and recycling of centrocytes to centroblasts. We use exclusively
parameters with a direct biological interpretation such that, once determined
by experimental data, the model gains predictive power. Based on the experiment
of Han et al. (1995b) we predict that a high rate of recycling of centrocytes
to centroblasts is necessary for the germinal center reaction to work reliably.
Furthermore, we find a delayed start of the production of plasma and memory
cells with respect to the start of point mutations, which turns out to be
necessary for the optimization process during the germinal center reaction. The
dependence of the germinal center reaction on the recycling probability is
analyzed.


title: Is space-time curved

abstract:
  Whether the space-time is curved or not? The experimental criterions to judge
this point are: (1) The results of three classical relativistic experiments in
essence are favorable to the special relativistic gravitational theory (base in
the flat space-time). However they are unfavorable to the general relativity.
(2) In the Gravity Probe-B experiment: the gyroscope precession rate of the
orbital effect deduced from the special relativistic gravitational theory
=(2/3)* the precession rate of geodetic effect deduced from the general
relativity, the precession rate of the earth rotation effect deduced from the
special relativistic gravitational theory =(3/2)* the square of cos(phi)* the
precession rate of the frame-dragging effect deduced from the general
relativity, where (phi) is the angle between the projection of gyroscope
angular velocity in the equatorial plane and the normal line of orbital plane.
If the experimental values are identical with the predictive values deduced
from the special relativistic gravitational theory, then the space-time is
flat.


title: GP-B experiment will prove that space-time is flat

abstract:
  Can we obtain the predictive value of GP-B experiment direct from the well
known experimental results? This predictive value is more reliable then that
deduced from special model of theory. In this paper, we calculate in this way.
The result is same as that from special relativistic gravitational theory. So
it is extremely likely that GP-B experiment will prove space-time is flat.


title: Critical curves of plane Poiseuille flow with slip boundary conditions

abstract:
  We investigate the linear stability of plane Poiseuille flow in 2D under slip
boundary conditions. The slip s is defined by the tangential velocity at the
wall in units of the maximal flow velocity. As it turns out, the critical
Reynolds number depends smoothly on s but increases quite rapidly.


title:
Role of surface roughness in hard x-ray emission from femtosecond laser
  produced copper plasmas

abstract:
  The hard x-ray emission in the energy range of 30-300 keV from copper plasmas
produced by 100 fs, 806 nm laser pulses at intensities in the range of
10$^{15}-10^{16}$ W cm$^{-2}$ is investigated. We demonstrate that surface
roughness of the targets overrides the role of polarization state in the
coupling of light to the plasma. We further show that surface roughness has a
significant role in enhancing the x-ray emission in the above mentioned energy
range.


title: Anomalous Resistance in Critical Ionization Velocity Phenomena

abstract:
  To describe the generation of the electric field by a discontinuity of the
Hall current, an equation of the third order is obtained using the electric
charge conservation and Ohm laws. The solutions of this equation are used to
model the electric impulses detected in experiments aimed to verify Alfven's
hypothesis on the critical ionization velocity at collisions of neutral gas
with magnetized plasma. A quantitative agreement with experiment is attained
and the main features of measured signals are modeled under an assumption on
the strong anomalous resistance behind the discontinuity. Apparently, the
anomalous resistance occurs due to trapping the current carriers by a
small-scaled modulation of the electric field.


title: Adaptive evolution on neutral networks

abstract:
  We study the evolution of large but finite asexual populations evolving in
fitness landscapes in which all mutations are either neutral or strongly
deleterious. We demonstrate that despite the absence of higher fitness
genotypes, adaptation takes place as regions with more advantageous
distributions of neutral genotypes are discovered. Since these discoveries are
typically rare events, the population dynamics can be subdivided into separate
epochs, with rapid transitions between them. Within one epoch, the average
fitness in the population is approximately constant. The transitions between
epochs, however, are generally accompanied by a significant increase in the
average fitness. We verify our theoretical considerations with two analytically
tractable bitstring models.

categories: physics.bio-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cs.NE nlin.AO q-bio.PE


title:
An approximate cooperativity analysis by DSC of phase transitions of
  DPPC-DOCNa dispersions

abstract:
  The effect of solute, sodium deoxycholate bile salt (DOCNa), on the
cooperativity of ordered-fluid, fosfolipid phase transition has been
investigated by determining of the transition widths in multibilayer
dispersions of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-DOCNa mixtures. The
DT1/2 values were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The van't
Hoff values of the main transition enthalpies were calculated using an
approximative expression, deduced from Zimm and Bragg theory
[Sturtevant,J.M.(1982), Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,79:3963-3967]. The bile salt
decreases the cooperativity (size of cooperative unit) of DPPC bilayers.


title:
Determination of apparent activating energy of solubilizing MLV-DPPC and
  MLV-egg-yolk lecithin with surfactants by rectangular optic diffusimetry

abstract:
  It were determinated the apparent activating energy of
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar liposome (MLV) solubilizing
with sodium deoxycholate (DOCNa) by turbidi-metric measurements and the
apparent activating energy of egg-yolk lecithin (EYL)- MLV solubilizing with
different surfactants (DOCNa, TX-100, CTMB) by rectangular optic
diffu-si-met-ric measurements. The apparent activating energy of MLV-DPPC
solubilizing with DOCNa is Ea = 127.7kJ/mol. The apparent activating energy of
MLV-EYL solubilizing with cetyl-trimet-hylamonium bromide (CTMB) is 22.3kJ/mol
and with DOCNa is 47.3kJ/mol (average value) and with Triton X-100 is
99.3kJ/mol. On the basis of the above data it can be said that besides the
utilisation of the liposomes in the modelling of cellular membranes, they can
be used as experimental models, too, in order to investigate the solubilization
capacity of surfactants.


title:
Kinetics of solubilization with Triton X-100 of egg-yolk lecithin
  bilayers containing cholesterol

abstract:
  The titration solubilization of multilamellar egg-yolk lecithin liposomes
(MLV-EYL) with Triton X-100 was studied by rectangular optical diffusimetric
measurements as a function of cholesterol (Chol) concentration. It was
determinated the variation of optic percentage diffu-sion (per mmol
surfactant), DDif%/mmol TX-100, in the course of solubilization of MLV-EYL-Chol
system with TX-100 10mM. The statistical analysis of the titration curves can
reveal the contribution of cholesterol to the stability of phospholipid bilayer
membranes. The solubilization of the lecithin-cholesterol mixtures, with a high
cholesterol content, much more bile salt requires.


title: Global stability of systems related to the Navier-Stokes equations

abstract:
  A generalized Lyapunov method is outlined which predicts global stability of
a broad class of dissipative dynamical systems. The method is applied to the
complex Lorenz model and to the Navier-Stokes equations. In both cases one
finds compact domains in phase space which contain the omega sets of all
trajectories, in particular the fixed points, limit cycles, and strange
attractors.


title: Remarks on perturbation theory for Hamiltonian systems

abstract:
  A comparative discussion of the normal form and action angle variable method
is presented in a tutorial way. Normal forms are introduced by Lie series which
avoid mixed variable canonical transformations. The main interest is focused on
establishing a third integral of motion for the transformed Hamiltonian
truncated at finite order of the perturbation parameter. In particular, for the
case of the action angle variable scheme, the proper canonical transformations
are worked out which reveal the third integral in consistency with the normal
form. Details are discussed exemplarily for the Henon-Heiles Hamiltonian. The
main conclusions are generalized to the case of n perturbed harmonic
oscillators.


title: Remarks on unsolved basic problems of the Navier-Stokes equations

abstract:
  There is renewed interest in the question of whether the Navier-Stokes
equations (NSE), one of the fundamental models of classical physics and widely
used in engineering applications, are actually self-consistent. After recalling
the essential physical assumptions inherent in the NSE, the notion of weak
solutions, possible implications for the energy conservation law, as well as
existence and uniqueness in the incompressible case are discussed. Emphasis
will be placed on the possibility of finite time singularities and their
consequences for length scales which should be consistent with the continuum
hypothesis.


title:
A coupled microwave-cavity system in the Rydberg-atom cavity detector
  for dark matter axions

abstract:
  A coupled microwave-cavity system of cylindrical TM$_{010}$ single-mode has
been developed to search for dark matter axions around 10 $\mu {\rm eV}$(2.4
GHz) with the Rydberg-atom cavity detector at 10 mK range temperature. One
component of the coupled cavity (conversion cavity) made of oxygen-free
high-conductivity copper is used to convert an axion into a single photon with
the Primakoff process in the strong magnetic field, while the other component
(detection cavity) made of Nb is utilized to detect the converted photons with
Rydberg atoms passed through it without magnetic field.
  Top of the detection cavity is attached to the bottom flange of the mixing
chamber of a dilution refrigerator, thus the whole cavity is cooled down to 10
mK range to reduce the background thermal blackbody-photons in the cavity.
  The cavity resonant frequency is tunable over $\sim$ 15% by moving dielectric
rods inserted independently into each part of the cavities along the
cylindrical axis. In order to reduce the heat load from the higher temperature
side to the most cooled dilution refrigerator part, the tuning rod at the
conversion cavity is especially driven via the Kevlar strings with a stepping
motor outside the cryostat at room temperature.
  The lowest temperature achieved up to now is 12 $\sim$ 15 mK for the long
period operation and the loaded Q value at low temperature is 3.5 $\sim$ 4.5
$\times$ $10^4$ for the whole range of frequency tuning. Characteristics and
the performance of the coupled-cavity system are presented and discussed with
possible future improvements.


title:
Absolute Frequency Measurements of the Hg^+ and Ca Optical Clock
  Transitions with a Femtosecond Laser

abstract:
  The frequency comb created by a femtosecond mode-locked laser and a
microstructured fiber is used to phase coherently measure the frequencies of
both the Hg^+ and Ca optical standards with respect to the SI second as
realized at NIST. We find the transition frequencies to be f_Hg=1 064 721 609
899 143(10) Hz and f_Ca=455 986 240 494 158(26) Hz, respectively. In addition
to the unprecedented precision demonstrated here, this work is the precursor to
all-optical atomic clocks based on the Hg^+ and Ca standards. Furthermore, when
combined with previous measurements, we find no time variations of these atomic
frequencies within the uncertainties of |(df_Ca/dt)/f_Ca| < 8 x 10^{-14}
yr^{-1}, and |(df_Hg/dt)/f_Hg|< 30 x 10^{-14} yr^{-1}.


title: Density Functional Theory Studies of Magnetically Confined Fermi Gas

abstract:
  A theory is developed for magnetically confined Fermi gas at low temperature
based on the density functional theory. The theory is illustrated by numerical
calculation of density distributions of Fermi atoms $^{40}$K with parameters
according to DeMarco and Jin's experiment[Science, 285(1999)1703]. Our results
are in good agreement with the experiment. To check the theory, we also
performed calculations using our theory at high temperature and compared very
well to the result of classical limit.


title:
Solving the inverse problem for artificial irregularity diagnostics from
  extraordinary wave anomalous attenuation data

abstract:
  The paper presents formulation and solution for the problem of determination
of spatial spectrum of artificial ionospheric irregularities from vertical HF
radio sounding data on anomalous attenuation. The suggested method uses the
dependence of extraordinary wave attenuation caused by multiple scattering from
the irregularities on frequency to obtain the spectrum parameters. The method
is applied to the data obtained in experiments with Sura heating facility
carried out on September 6-9, 1999.


title:
Pseudo-time Schroedinger equation with absorbing potential for quantum
  scattering calculations

abstract:
  The Schroedinger equation with an energy-dependent complex absorbing
potential, associated with a scattering system, can be reduced for a special
choice of the energy-dependence to a harmonic inversion problem of a discrete
pseudo-time correlation function. An efficient formula for Green's function
matrix elements is also derived. Since the exact propagation up to time 2t can
be done with only t real matrix-vector products, this gives an unprecedently
efficient scheme for accurate calculations of quantum spectra for possibly very
large systems.


title: SN1a Supernova Red Shifts

abstract:
  Recent SN1a data have probed deeper into space than ever before. Plotted as
distance vs. recession speed, a disturbing non-linearity is found which has led
to speculations about "dark energy" which somehow acts like anti-gravity. This
study finds a full explanation in relativity theory. The metric of space
shrinks, in the presence of a gravitational potential, V, by exp(V/c^2). Early
in the big bang, when the SN1a's sent their signals, V was larger than now. By
fitting the data to a relativistic model, we probe the metric of the early big
bang. V, due to all mass in the big bang, is a billion times larger than that
provided by earth gravity alone. The big bang is modeled as a sphere of
constant density, of radius R_0 = cT. The metrics of time and distance shrink,
each by alpha = exp(V/c^2, and this study finds the data fitted by 1/alpha =
1.55. Earlier, 1/alpha was much larger. As with the deflection of starlight and
the Shapiro time delay, gravity affects space like an index of refraction,
n=1/alpha^2. The Hubble concept remains valid, but with geometric distance
instead of optical distance. A 2-parameter fit to 3 sets of data finds
T=16.24x10^9 years and total mass in our big bang is now M=6.03x10^52 kg (all
in our metric). Because n, now 2.41, shrinks with time, all standards of M, L,
and T (including atomic standards) are changing by a few parts per billion per
decade and should be referenced to a time definite.


title:
Anomalous attenuation of extraordinary waves in the ionosphere heating
  experiments

abstract:
  Multiple scattering of radio waves by artificial random irregularities
HF-induced in the ionosphere F region may cause significant attenuation of both
ordinary and extraordinary waves together with common anomalous absorption of
ordinary waves due to their non-linear conversion into plasma waves. To
demonstrate existence and strength of this effect, direct measurements of
attenuation of both powerful pump wave and weak probing waves of extraordinary
polarization have been carried out during an experimental campaign on September
6, 7 and 9, 1999 at the Sura heating facility. The attenuation magnitude of
extraordinary waves reaches of 1-10 dB over a background attenuation caused by
natural irregularities. It is interpreted in the paper on the base of the
theory of multiple scattering from the artificial random irregularities with
characteristic scale lengths of 0.1-1 km. Simple procedure for determining of
irregularity spectrum parameters from the measured attenuation of extraordinary
waves has been implemented and some conclusions about the artificial
irregularity formation have been obtained.


title:
Alfven Wave Generation by means of High Orbital Injection of Barium
  Cloud in Magnetosphere

abstract:
  An analysis of the Alfven wave generation associated with the barium vapor
release at altitudes ~ 5.2 Earth's radii (ER) in the magnetosphere is
presented. Such injections were executed in G-8 and G-10 experiments of the
Combined Radiation and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission. It is shown
that the generation of Alfven waves is possible during the total time of plasma
expansion. The maximum intensity of these waves corresponds to the time of
complete retardation of the diamagnetic cavity created by the expansion of
plasma cloud. The Alfven wave exhibits a form of an impulse with an effective
frequency ~ 0.03-0.05 Hz. Due to the background conditions and wave frequency,
the wave mainly oscillates along the geomagnetic field between the mirror
reflection points situated at ~ 0.7 ER. The wave amplitude is sufficient to the
generation of plasma instabilities and longitudinal electric field, and to an
increase in the longitudinal energy of electrons to ~ 1 keV. These processes
are the most probable for altitudes ~ 1 ER. The auroral kilometric radiation
(AKR) at frequencies ~ 100 kHz is associated with these accelerated electrons.
The acceleration of electrons and AKR can be observed almost continuously
during the first minute and then from time to time with pauses about 35-40 s
till 6-8 min after the release. The betatron acceleration of electrons at the
recovery of the geomagnetic field is also discussed. This mechanism could be
responsible for the acceleration of electrons resulting in the aurorae and
ultra short radio wave storm at frequencies 50-300 MHz observed at the 8-10th
min after the release.


title: Non-locality and Intermittency in 3D Turbulence

abstract:
  Numerical simulations are used to determine the influence of the non-local
and local interactions on the intermittency corrections in the scaling
properties of 3D turbulence. We show that neglect of local interactions leads
to an enhanced small-scale energy spectrum and to a significantly larger number
of very intense vortices (tornadoes) and stronger intermittency. On the other
hand, neglect of the non-local interactions results in even stronger
small-scale spectrum but significantly weaker intermittency. Based on these
observations, a new model of turbulence is proposed, in which non-local
(RDT-like) interactions couple large and small scale via a multiplicative
process with additive noise and the local interactions are modeled by a
turbulent viscosity. This model is used to derive a simple toy version of the
Langevin equations for small-scale velocity increments. A Gaussian
approximation for the large scale fields yields the Fokker-Planck equation for
the probability distribution function of the velocity increments.
  Steady state solutions of this equation allows to qualitatively explain the
anomalous corrections and the skewness generation along scale.


title:
Fast Numerical simulations of 2D turbulence using a dynamic model for
  Subgrid Motions

abstract:
  We present numerical simulation of 2D turbulent flow using a new model for
the subgrid scales which are computed using a dynamic equation linking the
subgrid scales with the resolved velocity. This equation is not postulated, but
derived from the constitutive equations under the assumption that the
non-linear interactions of subgrid scales between themselves are equivalent to
a turbulent viscosity.The performances of our model are compared with Direct
Numerical Simulations of decaying and forced turbulence. For a same resolution,
numerical simulations using our model allow for a significant reduction of the
computational time (of the order of 100 in the case we consider), and allow the
achievement of significantly larger Reynolds number than the direct method.

categories: physics.flu-dyn nlin.CD physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph


title: Existence Proof of nonThermal Vacuum Radiation from Acceleration

abstract:
  A proof is developed from first principles, independent of general relativity
and of thermodynamics, that there exists a threshold acceleration above which
radiation (real particle creation) from the vacuum must occur. The radiation is
not expected to follow a Planckian distribution.
  PACS Codes: 03.65.Bz 04.70.-s 26.35.+c


title: Reductionism, Emergence, and Effective Field Theories

abstract:
  In recent years, a change in attitude in particle physics has led to our
understanding current quantum field theories as effective field theories
(EFTs). The present paper is concerned with the significance of this EFT
approach, especially from the viewpoint of the debate on reductionism in
science. In particular, it is a purpose of this paper to clarify how EFTs may
provide an interesting case-study in current philosophical discussion on
reduction, emergence and inter-level relationships in general.


title:
Dependence of radio wave anomalous attenuation in the ionosphere on
  properties of spatial spectrum of irregularities

abstract:
  The paper presents theoretical study of the influence of shape of the spatial
spectrum of small-scale ionospheric irregularities on anomalous attenuation of
HF radio waves caused by multiple scattering. Several spectrum models are
considered. Relative contribution of different wave number regions of the
spectrum is investigated. The analysis of numerical calculations shows that the
shape of the irregularity spectrum can be determined from the distribution of
the signal attenuation on the Earth's surface.


title: Lines on Del Pezzo surfaces and transfinite heterotic string spacetimes

abstract:
  It is pointed out that the hierarchy of fractal dimensions characterizing
transfinite heterotic string spacetimes bears a striking resemblance to the
sequence of the number of lines lying on Del Pezzo surfaces.


title: Combustion Models in Finance

abstract:
  Combustion reaction kinetics models are used for the description of a special
class of bursty Financial Time Series. The small number of parameters they
depend upon enable financial analysts to predict the time as well as the
magnitude of the jump of the value of the portfolio. Several Financial Time
Series are analysed within this framework and applications are given.


title:
Quantum Evolution Supergenerator of Superparamagnetic System in Discrete
  Orientation Model

abstract:
  The supergenerator of superparamagnetic system quantum evolution is
investigated in discrete orientation model (DOM). It is shown that the
generator is J-self-adjoint one at the case of potential drift field agreed
upon magnetic anisotropy of the sample investigated. Perturbation theory is
used for spectral analysis. The qualitative dependence of resonance absorption
spectrum on the relation between quantum and stochastic parameters is
demonstrated.


title:
Calculations of parity nonconserving s-d transitions in Cs, Fr, Ba II,
  and Ra II

abstract:
  We have performed ab initio mixed-states and sum-over-states calculations of
parity nonconserving (PNC) electric dipole (E1) transition amplitudes between
s-d electron states of Cs, Fr, Ba II, and Ra II. For the lower states of these
atoms we have also calculated energies, E1 transition amplitudes, and
lifetimes. We have shown that PNC E1 transition amplitudes between s-d states
can be calculated to high accuracy. Contrary to the Cs 6s-7s transition, in
these transitions there are no strong cancelations between different terms in
the sum-over-states approach. In fact, there is one dominating term which
deviates from the sum by less than 20%. This term corresponds to an s-p_{1/2}
weak matrix element, which can be calculated to better than 1%, and a
p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 transition amplitude, which can be measured. Also, the s-d
amplitudes are about four times larger than the corresponding s-s transitions.
We have shown that by using a hybrid mixed-states/sum-over-states approach the
accuracy of the calculations of PNC s-d amplitudes could compete with that of
Cs 6s-7s if p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 amplitudes are measured to high accuracy.


title:
The Geometry of Spacetimes (such as the Kerr solution) that are
  Asymptotically Static at Infinity

abstract:
  The purpose of the present paper is to extend the Variable Rest Mass (VRM)
Interpretation and the telemetric system of measurment to the case of
stationary but non-static spacetimes, especially the Kerr solution.


title:
Answer of the most important unsettled question of physical theory in
  20th century

abstract:
  Quantum mechanics take the sum of first finite order approximate solutions of
time-dependent perturbation to substitute the exact solution. From the point of
mathematics, it may be correct only in the convergent region of the
time-dependent perturbation series. Where is the convergent region of this
series? Quantum mechanics did not answer this problem. However it is relative
to the question, can we use the Schrodinger equation to describe the transition
processes? So it is the most important unsettling problem of physical theory.
We find out the time-dependent approximate solution for arbitrary and the exact
solution. Then we can prove that: (1) In the neighborhood of the conservation
of energy, the series is divergent. The basic error of quantum mechanics is
using the sum of the first finite orders approximate solutions to substitute
the exact solution in this divergent region. It leads to an infinite error. So
the Fermi golden rule is not a mathematically reasonable inference of the.
Schrodinger equation (2) The transiton probability per unit time deduced from
the exact solution of Schrodinger equation cannot describe the transition
processes. This paper is only a prime discussion.


title:
GRECP/RCC calculation of the spectroscopic constants for the HgH
  molecule and its cation

abstract:
  Generalized relativistic effective core potential (GRECP) calculations of
spectroscopic constants of the HgH molecule ground and low excited states and
the HgH+ cation ground state are carried out, with correlation included by the
Fock-space relativistic coupled cluster (RCC) method. Basis set superposition
errors (BSSE) are estimated and discussed. It is demonstrated that connected
triple excitations of the 13 outermost electrons are necessary to obtain
accurate results for mercury hydride. Spectroscopic constants derived from
potential curves which include these terms are in very good agreement with
experiment, with errors of a few mbohr in Re, tens of wavenumbers in excitation
energies and vibrational frequencies, and proportionately for other properties.
Comparison with previous calculations is also presented.


title:
Resonant-state solution of the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for
  three-body systems with Coulomb-like potentials

abstract:
  A novel method for calculating resonances in three-body Coulombic systems is
presented. The Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations are solved by applying the
Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion method. To show the power of the method we
calculate resonances of the three-$\alpha$ and the $H^-$ systems.


title: Schrodinger Equation cannot Describe Transition Processes

abstract:
  In this paper we prove the following: (1) The basic error of time-dependent
perturbation theory is using the sum of first finite order of perturbed
solutions to substitute the exact solution in the divergent interval of the
series for calculating the transition probability. In addition quantum
mechanics neglects the influence of the normality condition in the continuous
case. In both cases Fermi golden rule is not a mathematically reasonable
deductive inference from the Schrodinger equation. (2) The transition
probability per unit time deduced from the exact solution of the Schrodinger
equation is zero, which cannot be used to describe the transition processes.


title: Hydrogen atom in a magnetic field: The quadrupole moment

abstract:
  The quadrupole moment of a hydrogen atom in a magnetic field for field
strengths from 0 to 4.414e13 G is calculated by two different methods. The
first method is variational, and based on a single trial function. The second
method deals with a solution of the Schroedinger equation in the form of a
linear combination of Landau orbitals.


title:
Definitive heat of formation of methylenimine, CH2=NH, and of
  methylenimmonium ion, CH2NH2+, by means of W2 theory

abstract:
  A long-standing controversy concerning the heat of formation of methylenimine
has been addressed by means of the W2 (Weizmann-2) ab initio thermochemical
approach. Our best calculated values, DeltaHf298(CH2NH)=21.1+/-0.5 kcal/mol and
DeltaHf298(CH2NH2+)=179.4+/-0.5 kcal/mol, are in good agreement with the most
recent measurements but carry a much smaller uncertainty. As a by-product, we
obtain the first-ever accurate anharmonic force field for methylenimine: upon
consideration of the appropriate resonances, the experimental gas-phase band
origins are all reproduced to better than 10 cm-1. Consideration of the
difference between a fully anharmonic zero-point vibrational energy and
B3LYP/cc-pVTZ harmonic frequencies scaled by 0.985 suggests that the
calculation of anharmonic zero-point vibrational energies can generally be
dispensed with, even in benchmark work, for rigid molecules.


title:
Subpixel Spatial Resolution of the X-Ray Charge-Coupled Device Based on
  the Charge Cloud Shape

abstract:
  When an X-ray photon lands into a pixel (event pixel), the primary charge is
mainly collected into the event pixel. If the X-ray landing position is
sufficiently close to the pixel boundary, the primary charge spills over to the
adjacent pixel forming split events. We can easily understand that there are
three parameters coupled together; the X-ray landing position inside the pixel,
the X-ray event pattern and the primary charge cloud shape. We can determine
any one of them from the other two parameters. Since we know the charge cloud
shape using the multi-pitch mesh experiment, we can calculate the X-ray landing
position with subpixel resolution using the event pattern. We applied our
method to Ti-K X-rays for the charge-coupled device with $12 \mu$m square
pixel. Once the primary charge splits into the adjacent pixel, we can determine
the X-ray landing position with subpixel resolution. Using three- or four-pixel
split events, we can determine the X-ray landing position with an accuracy of
less than $1 \mu$m. For a two-pixel split event, we obtained a similar position
accuracy in the split direction with no improvement in the direction
perpendicular to it. We will discuss the type of CCD which can achieve the
subpixel resolution for the entire area of the CCD.


title:
High accuracy calculation of 6s -> 7s parity nonconserving amplitude in
  Cs

abstract:
  We calculated the parity nonconserving (PNC) 6s -> 7s amplitude in Cs. In the
Dirac-Coulomb approximation our result is in a good agreement with other
calculations. Breit corrections to the PNC amplitude and to the Stark-induced
amplitude $\beta$ are found to be -0.4% and -1% respectively. The weak charge
of $^{133}$Cs is $Q_W=-72.5 \pm 0.7$ in agreement with the standard model.


title:
De Broglie wave, spontaneous emission and Planck's radiation law
  according to stochastic electrodynamics

abstract:
  The idea about a quantum nature of Planck's blackbody radiation law is deeply
rooted in minds of most physicists. Einstein's work, in which the coefficients
of spontaneous and induced emission were introduced, has always been regarded
as a proof that quantum energy discreteness of an atom plays a crucial role in
the derivation of this law. In our paper we avoid this standpoint. It may be
shown that the de Broglie wave assigned to every material particle is a result
of interaction of the particle with zero-point vibrations of electromagnetic
ground field. The energetic spectrum of a harmonic oscillator is obtained from
this fact within classical physics which coincides with the quantum result.
Thus, it is explained here how the energy discreteness came into existence in
stochastic electrodynamics (SED) --- the classical electrodynamics with
classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation. Next we reconsider the Einstein
work from the viewpoint of SED and derive the Planck formula.


title: The Heats of Reactions. Calorimetry and Van't-Hoff. 3

abstract:
  Earlier, the author found that for the biggest part of chemical reactions the
law of conservation of energy must have the following form: dU=dQ+PdV+SUM. In
the present paper this result is confirmed by other experiments.


title: On the origin of the optical nonlinearity of a gallium-silica interface

abstract:
  Simultaneous measurements of the intensity and phase of a probe wave
reflected from an interface between silica and elemental alpha-gallium reveal
its very strong optical nonlinearity, affecting both these parameters of the
reflected wave. The data corroborate with a non-thermal mechanism of optical
response which assumes appearance of a homogeneous highly metallic layer, only
a few nanometer thick, between the silica and bulk alpha-gallium.


title: Consequences of a Quantized Spacetime Model

abstract:
  A recent extended particle model is discussed, which lead to some interesting
consequences in cosmology, neutrino astrophysics and low dimensional and low
temperature statistics, some of which have since been verified.


title: Image reconstruction without prior information

abstract:
  A novel framework for designing image reconstruction algorithms for linear
forward problems is proposed. The framework is based on the novel concept of
conserving the information in the data during image reconstruction rather than
supplementing it with prior information. The framework offers an explanation as
to why the popular reconstruction algorithms for MRI, CT and convolution are
generally expressible as left invertible matrices. Also, the framework can be
used to improve linear deconvolution and tackle such stubborn linear inverse
problems as the Laplace transform.


title: Discovery of a Planar Waveguide for an X-Ray Radiation

abstract:
  A simple model of X-Ray standing waves (XSW) formation in the slit of a
planar waveguide of X-Ray radiation beam for the angle area restricted by the
critical total reflection angle is developed. It is shown that the model is
true for a case of the Bragg reflection. The conditions required for XSW to
appear in the space between two polished parallel plane plates are formulated
and a slit size interval conforming to these conditions is evaluated. A
mechanism of a XSW intensity decrease in a planar waveguide is proposed. This
mechanism explains a high efficiency of slitless collimator application for the
transportation of narrow X-Ray beams.
  Some recommendations on the application of the planar X-Ray waveguide in
X-Ray structural and spectral studies of surface are presented.


title: Quantum mechanics of Dirac particle beam optics: Single-particle theory

abstract:
  It has been found that quantum corrections can substantially affect the
classical results of tracking for trajectories close to the separatrix. Hence
the development of a basic formalism for obtaining the quantum maps for any
particle beam optical system is called for. To this end, it is observed that
several aspects of quantum maps for the beam optics of spin-1/2 particles can
be studied, at the level of single particle dynamics, using the proper
formalism based on the Dirac equation.

categories: physics.acc-ph hep-th math-ph math.MP quant-ph


title: Analytic solution for a class of turbulence problems

abstract:
  An exact analytical method for determining the Lagrangian velocity
correlation and the diffusion coefficient for particles moving in a stochastic
velocity field is derived. It applies to divergence-free 2-dimensional Gaussian
stochastic fields which are stationary, homogeneous and have factorized
Eulerian correlations.


title: Discrete Quantum Electrodynamics

abstract:
  The purpose of this paper is to construct a quantum field theory suitable for
describing quantum electrodynamics and Yang-Mills theory in a form which
satisfies the conditions of the Millennium prize offered by the Clay
Mathematics Institute as described by Jaffe and Witten [12], by showing that it
satisfies 'axioms at least as strong as those cited by' Wightman [18] and by
Osterwalder and Schrader [14], and by observing that this form of field theory
has no mass gap. The definitions provide a model for relativistic quantum
mechanics which supports a form of relativistic quantum field theory, but which
does not depend on the second quantisation of a 'matter wave'. Continuous laws
of wave mechanics are found in model of discrete particle interactions which
does not involve waves, or the quantisation of interacting fields. Newton's
first law and conservation of momentum are established from the principle of
homogeneity. Maxwell's equations are derived from the simple interaction in
which a Dirac particle emits or absorbs a photon, showing that the renormalised
mass and coupling constant are equal to their bare values. Feynman rules are
calculated for the discrete theory and give the predictions of the standard
renormalised theory. Quark confining interactions are described for qed and for
an adaptation of Yang-Mills theory.


title: Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy

abstract:
  This paper provides an overview of the birth and early development of Indian
astronomy. Taking account of significant new findings from archaeology and
literary analysis, it is shown that early mathematical astronomy arose in India
in the second millennium BC. The paper reviews the astronomy of the period of
the Vedas, the Brahmanas, and the Vedanga Jyotisha. The origins of Puranic
cosmology are also explained.


title: The cosmic origin of quantum mechanics

abstract:
  In this paper, the base of quantum mechanics is the spontaneous tendency for
a microscopic object to fractionalize instantly into quasistates and condense
instantly quasistates. This quasistate is equivalent to the eigenfunction. An
object with the fractionalization-condensation is equivalent to the unitary
wavefunction. Nonlocal operation is explicitly required to maintain
communication among all quasistates regardless of distance during the
fractionalization process. Interference effect is explicitly required for the
condensation of quasistates. The collapse of the fractionalization-condensation
is explicitly required when the fractionalization-condensation is disrupted.
The cosmic origin of quantum mechanics is derived from the cyclic
fractionalization-condensation in the cyclic universe, consisting of the
unobservable cosmic vacuum and the observable universe. The cyclic
fractionalization-condensation allows quasistates to appear cyclically rather
than simultaneously. The cosmic vacuum involves the gradual cyclic
fractionalization-condensation between the high energy eleven dimensional and
low energy four dimensional spacetime. The observable universe involves the
drastic cyclic fractionalization-condensation consisting of the cosmic instant
fractionalization (the big bang) into various dimensional particles and the
expansion-contraction by mostly cosmic radiation and gravity. The cosmic
instant fractionalization leads to the microscopic instant
fractionalization-condensation (the standard quantum mechanics) that allows all
quasistates from an object to appear simultaneously.


title: Relation of uncertainty for time

abstract:
  We introduce two time: deterministic Newton time-stream t and stochastic
time-epoch $\tau$. The relation of uncertainty for time-epoch of physical
events $\Delta\tau\Delta D \geq c_1,\eqno(*)$ where $c_1=const$, is proved. The
function $D(t)= - c_1\frac{d}{dt}\ln f_\tau (t),$ characterizes {\it velocity
of disorganization} of the event-phenomena; $f_\tau (t)$ is density of
probability of time-epoch $\tau$.
  The relation (*) is verified not by means of experiment that is traditional
for physics, but with the help of the reference to datas of historical science.


title: Apparent Lack of Symmetry in Stellar Aberration and Euclidean Space Time

abstract:
  The effect of stellar aberration seems to be one of the simplest phenomena in
astronomical observations. But there is a large literature about it betraying a
problem of asymmetry between observer motion and source motion. This paper
addresses the problem from the point of view of Euclidean space-time, arising
from the proposition that stellar aberration (or Bradley aberration) gives rise
to a Lorentz expansion.


title: Nonlinear Dynamics in the Binary DNA/RNA Coding Problem

abstract:
  The presence of low dimensional chaos in the protein secondary structures,
using the binary coded $\alpha$-helices and $\beta$-sheet motifs, has been
investigated. In order to analyse symbolic DNA/RNA sequences the assignment,
based on the purine/pyrimidine and strong/wea k H - bond classification sheme,
of binary numbers to the nucleotides was made. We have found that this
assignment leads to different averaged fractal dimensions for $\alpha$-helices
and $\beta$-sheets. When embedded in the two dimensional phase space the binary
string structures show the attractor type behavior which depends on the value
of the time lag parameter.


title:
Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light
  pulse propagation

abstract:
  We consider pulse propagation in a linear anomalously dispersive medium where
the group velocity exceeds the speed of light in vacuum (c) or even becomes
negative. A signal velocity is defined operationally based on the optical
signal-to-noise ratio, and is computed for cases appropriate to the recent
experiment where such a negative group velocity was observed. It is found that
quantum fluctuations limit the signal velocity to values less than c.


title: Structure and Magnetism of Neutral and Anionic Palladium Clusters

abstract:
  The properties of neutral and anionic Pd_N clusters were investigated with
spin-density-functional calculations. The ground state structures are
three-dimensional for N>3 and they are magnetic with a spin-triplet for 2<=N<=7
and a spin nonet for N=13 neutral clusters. Structural- and spin-isomers were
determined and an anomalous increase of the magnetic moment with temperature is
predicted for a Pd_7 ensemble. Vertical electron detachment and ionization
energies were calculated and the former agree well with measured values for
anionic Pd_N clusters.


title: Test Beams and Polarized Fixed Target Beams at the NLC

abstract:
  A conceptual program to use NLC beams for test beams and fixed target physics
is described. Primary undisrupted polarized beams would be the most simple to
use, but for NLC, the disrupted beams are of good enough quality that they
could also be used, after collimation of the low energy tails, for test beams
and fixed target physics. Pertinent issues are: what is the compelling physics,
what are the requirements on beams and running time, and what is the impact on
colliding beam physics running. A list of physics topics is given; one topic
Moller Scattering is treated in more depth.


title: Elastic wave propagation along DNA

abstract:
  It is shown that information transmission inside a cell can occur by means of
mechanical waves transmitted through DNA. The propagation of the waves is
strongly dependent on the shape of the DNA thus proteins that change the shape
of DNA can alter signal transmission. The overall effect is a method of signal
processing by DNA binding proteins that creates a "cellular communications
network".
  The propagation of small amplitude disturbances through DNA is treated
according to the mechanical theory of elastic rods. According to the theory
four types of mechanical waves affecting extension(compression), twist, bend or
shear can propagate through DNA. Each type of wave has unique characteristic
properties. Disturbances affecting all wave types can propagate independently
of each other. Using a linear approximation to the theory of motion of elastic
rods, the dispersion of these waves is investigated. The phase velocities of
the waves lies in the range 5-8 angstroms/ps using constants suitable for a
description of DNA. The dispersion of all wave types of arbitrary wave length
is investigated for a straight, twisted rod.
  Based on these findings, we propose all-atom numerical simulations of DNA to
investigate the propagation of these waves as an alternative measure of the
wave velocity and dispersion analysis.


title:
Assessment of W1 and W2 theories for the computation of electron
  affinities, ionization potentials, heats of formation, and proton affinities

abstract:
  The performance of two recent {\em ab initio} computational thermochemistry
schemes, W1 and W2 theory [J.M.L. Martin and G. de Oliveira, J. Chem. Phys.
111, 1843 (1999}], is assessed for an enlarged sample of thermochemical data
consisting of the ionization potentials and electron affinities in the G2-1 and
G2-2 sets, as well as the heats of formation in the G2-1 and a subset of the
G2-2 set. We find W1 theory to be several times more accurate for ionization
potentials and electron affinities than commonly used (and less expensive)
computational thermochemistry schemes such as G2, G3, and CBS-QB3: W2 theory
represents a slight improvement for electron affinities but no significant one
for ionization potentials. The use of a two-point $A+B/L^5$ rather than a
three-point $A+B/C^L$ extrapolation for the SCF component greatly enhances the
numerical stability of the W1 method for systems with slow basis set
convergence. Inclusion of first-order spin-orbit coupling is essential for
accurate ionization potentials and electron affinities involving degenerate
electronic states: inner-shell correlation is somewhat more important for
ionization potentials than for electron affinities, while scalar relativistic
effects are required for the highest accuracy. The mean deviation from
experiment for the G2-1 heats of formation is within the average experimental
uncertainty. W1 theory appears to be a valuable tool for obtaining benchmark
quality proton affinities.


title: Polarization dynamics of femtosecond pulses propagating in air

abstract:
  Polarization dynamics of femtosecond light pulses propagating in air is
studied by computer simulation. A rich variety of dynamics is found that
depends on the initial polarization state and power of the pulse. Effects of
polarization on the plasma and supercontinuum generation are also discussed.


title: Gravitational Equivalent Frequency and the Planck Length

abstract:
  The mass equivalency [m*c^2 = h*f] applies to gravitational mass just as to
inertial mass. From that, the gravitational mass has a corresponding,
associated, equivalent frequency, f. Using that frequency a new result is
obtained in which the significance of the Planck Length is clarified. The
Planck Length is fundamental to gravitation and in effect supercedes G in that
role because it is found that there is operational or mechanical significance
to the role of the Planck Length in gravitation whereas G is simply a constant
of proportionality. It further is shown that the Planck Length [and, likely the
Planck mass and the Planck time] are slightly mis-defined by the use of h-bar
[h/2pi] rather than simply Planck's constant, h. Theoretical implications of
these results are presented. In addition, the applicability of using the
frequency aspect of mass in the analysis of gravitation, and the nature of the
results obtained, would appear to imply a considerably greater significance for
the frequency, that is the WAVE, aspect of mass, matter, and particles in
general than has been heretofore recognized.


title:
Cryogenic measurement of the optical absorption coefficient in sapphire
  crystals at 1.064(micro)m for the Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave
  Telescope

abstract:
  We have applied laser calorimetry to the measurement of optical absorption in
mono-crystalline sapphire at cryogenic temperatures. Sapphire is a promising
candidate for the mirror substrates of the Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational
wave Telescope. The optical absorption coefficients of different sapphire
samples at a wavelength of 1.064(micro)m at 5K were found to average 90ppm/cm.


title: The Astronomical Link Between India and the Mayans

abstract:
  We argue that there was a link between Indus Valley India and the Mayans of
Central America which is brought out by astronomical references. The former
used a Jovian calendar while the latter had perfected a calendar based on
Venus. This will be shown to be a significant clue. This also provides an
explanation for the as yet unexplained fact that the Indus script has been
found on Easter Islands.


title: Coarse graining: lessons from simple examples

abstract:
  We assess Coarse Graining by studying different partitions of the phase space
of the Baker transformation and the periodic torus automorphisms. It turns out
that the shape of autocorrelation functions for the Baker transformation is
more or less reproduced. However, for certain partitions the decay rates turn
out to be irrelevant, even decay may stop in a finite time. For the periodic
torus automorphisms, Coarse Graining introduces artificial dumping.


title: A Unifying Hypothesis for the Conformational Change of Tubulin

abstract:
  Microtubule dynamic instability arises from the hydrolysis of GTP bound to
the beta-monomer of the tubulin dimer. The conformational change induced by
hydrolysis is unknown, but microtubules disassemble into protofilaments of
GDP-bound tubulin that curve away from the microtubule axis. This paper
presents the unfolding of a portion of the tubulin molecule into the
microtubule interior as a plausible, unifying explanation for diverse
structural and kinetic features of microtubules. This is the first specific
structural hypothesis for the hydrolysis induced conformational change of
tubulin that simultaneously explains weakening of lateral bonds, bending about
longitudinal bonds, changes in protofilament supertwist associated with GTP
hydrolysis, structural features of GDP-tubulin double rings, faster disassembly
at higher temperatures and slower disassembly in the presence of glycerol and
deuterium oxide. The hypothesis suggests further theoretical investigations and
direct experimental tests.


title: Path Integral Monte Carlo Simulation of the Low-Density Hydrogen Plasma

abstract:
  Restricted path integral Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the
equilibrium properties of hydrogen in the density and temperature range of
$9.83 \times 10^{-4}\rm \leq \rho \leq 0.153 \rm gcm^{-3}$ and $5000 \leq T
\leq 250 000 \rm K$. We test the accuracy of the pair density matrix and
analyze the dependence on the system size, on the time step of the path
integral and on the type of nodal surface. We calculate the equation of state
and compare with other models for hydrogen valid in this regime. Further, we
characterize the state of hydrogen and describe the changes from a plasma to an
atomic and molecular liquid by analyzing the pair correlation functions and
estimating the number of atoms and molecules present.


title: Helical close packings of ideal ropes

abstract:
  Closely packed conformations of helices formed on the ideal rope are
considered. The pitch versus radius relations which define a closely packed
helix are determined. The relations stem from the turn-to-turn distance and
curvature limiting conditions. Plots of the relations are shown to cross each
other. The physical sense of the crossing point is discussed.


title:
Mysteries and Unknows of Single Bubble Sonoluminescence from Viewpoint
  of Plasma Spectroscopy

abstract:
  UV continua observed in multi-bubble and single-bubble sonoluminescence
spectra of hydrogen-containing liquids have the same physical nature -
radiative dissociation of electronically excited hydrogen molecules (and
possibly hydrides of heavy rare gases like ArH). In the case of SBSL of "air
bubble in water" the oscillating bubble actually consists of a hydrogen/argon
mixture with periodically changing amount of water vapor. The proposed
mechanism is able to explain all available spectroscopic observations without
any exotic hypothesis but in terms usual for plasma spectroscopy.


title: Special Relativity and Time Travel Revisited

abstract:
  In this paper, Lorentz Transformation(LT) is derived by an alternate method,
using photon clocks, placed at the locations of the concerned events, which are
initially synchronised using a light signal(Einstein synchrony). Then, it is
shown that the second term in the time dilation equation of the LT, is the term
responsible for time travel and further it is shown that this term arises
merely due to non-simultaneous initial clock synchronisation and that this term
does not correspond to any actual time elapsed while timing events, thus ruling
out the possibility of time travel, from the framework of special relativity.
It is also shown that only the first term in the time dilation equation of LT
represents the true time dilation. In other words, it is argued that the time
dilation equation of the LT, corresponds to the actual reading of the clock
which is not necessarily the actual time elapsed while timing an event, the
difference being attributed to the clock synchronisation mechanism.


title: Mechanism of Anesthetic Action: Oxygen Pathway Perturbation Hypothesis

abstract:
  Although more than 150 years have past since the discovery of general
anesthetics, how they precisely work remains a mystery. We propose a novel
unitary mechanism of general anesthesia verifiable by experiments. In the
proposed mechanism, general anesthetics perturb oxygen pathways in both
membranes and oxygen-utilizing proteins such that the availabilities of oxygen
to its sites of utilization are reduced which in turn triggers cascading
cellular responses through oxygen-sensing mechanisms resulting in general
anesthesia. Despite the general assumption that cell membranes are readily
permeable to oxygen, exiting publications indicate that these membranes are
plausible oxygen transport barriers. The present hypothesis provides a unified
framework for explaining phenomena associated with general anesthesia and
experimental results on the actions of general anesthetics. If verified by
experiments, the proposed mechanism also has other significant medical and
biological implications.


title: On Some General Physical Aspects of the Real Physical Space and Time

abstract:
  The paper discusses some aspects of real physical space and time: structure
of electrodynamics; structure of gravitational-inert theory in the real world;
formation of the real matter; Mach's principle and the radiational cosmic mass;
spread and transmission of information in the space of the real world;
fundamental and main physical constants, protostar or 3+1-dimensional matter;
and some philosophical and general physical approaches to solutions of physical
problems.


title: Equations of Motion of Systems with Internal Angular Momentum

abstract:
  Using Euler's equations of motion and the Hamiltonian formulation, we obtain
the equations of motion of systems with internal angular momentum that are
moving with respect to a given reference frame, when subjected to a torque
which is permanently perpendicular to the angular momentum vector.


title: Alternative Fourier Expansions for Inverse Square Law Forces

abstract:
  Few-body problems involving Coulomb or gravitational interactions between
pairs of particles, whether in classical or quantum physics, are generally
handled through a standard multipole expansion of the two-body potentials. We
discuss an alternative based on a compact, cylindrical Green's function
expansion that should have wide applicability throughout physics. Two-electron
"direct" and "exchange" integrals in many-electron quantum systems are
evaluated to illustrate the procedure which is more compact than the standard
one using Wigner coefficients and Slater integrals.


title: Kinetic model of DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms

abstract:
  We formulate a kinetic model of DNA replication that quantitatively describes
recent results on DNA replication in the in vitro system of Xenopus laevis
prior to the mid-blastula transition. The model describes well a large amount
of different data within a simple theoretical framework. This allows one, for
the first time, to determine the parameters governing the DNA replication
program in a eukaryote on a genome-wide basis. In particular, we have
determined the frequency of origin activation in time and space during the cell
cycle. Although we focus on a specific stage of development, this model can
easily be adapted to describe replication in many other organisms, including
budding yeast.


title: A stochastic rainbow caustic observed with cold atoms

abstract:
  We report the direct observation of a novel type of rainbow caustic. In
contrast to known examples, this caustic originates from a dissipative,
stochastic process. We have observed this using cold ^{87}Rb atoms bouncing
inelastically on an evanescent-wave atom mirror. The caustic appears as a sharp
peak at the lower edge of the asymmetric velocity distribution of the bouncing
atoms. The stochastic process is a spontaneous Raman transition due to photon
scattering during the bounce. The results are in good agreement with a
classical calculation.


title:
Observation of transformation of chemical elements during electric
  discharge

abstract:
  Results of experimental studies of electric explosion, in water, of foils
made of extremely pure materials are presented. New chemical elements detected
both by spectroscopic measurements during the electric discharge and by a
mass-spectrometer analysis of sediments after the discharge have been found to
appear. A "strange" radiation associated with the transformation of chemical
elements has been registered. A hypothesis has been put forward that particles
of the "strange" radiation have magnetic charge.


title:
Some Limit Theorems for Linear Oscillators with Noise in the
  Coefficients

abstract:
  Some limit theorems are proven for the linear oscillator with random
coefficients. The asymptotic behaviour of the moments is studied in detail. The
technique presented in this paper can be applied to general linear systems with
noise and is well suited for the investigation of stochastic beam dynamics in
accelerators.


title:
The "True Transformations Relativity" Analysis of the Michelson_morley
  Experiment

abstract:
  In this paper we present an invariant formulation of special relativity,
i.e., the ''true transformations relativity.'' It deals either with true tensor
quantities (when no basis has been introduced) or equivalently with coordinate-
based geometric quantities comprising both components and a basis (when some
basis has been introduced). It is shown that this invariant formulation, in
which special relativity is understood as the theory of a four-dimensional
spacetime with the pseudo-Euclidean geometry, completely explains the results
of the Michelson-Morley experiment. Two noncovariant approaches to the analysis
of the Michelson-Morley experiment are discussed; the coventional one in which
only the path lengths (optical or geometrical) are considered, and Driscoll's
approach (R.B. Driscoll, Phys. Essays \QTR{bf}{10,}394 (1997)), in which the
increment of phase is determined not only by the segment of geometric path
length, but also by the wavelength in that segment. Because these analyses
belong to the ''apparent transformations relativity,'' they do not agree with
the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment.


title:
An Ab Initio Study of the Structures and Relative Stabilities of Doubly
  Charged [(NaCl)m(Na)2]2+ Cluster Ions

abstract:
  We present ab initio perturbed ion calculations on the structures and
relative stabilities of doubly charged [(NaCl)_m(Na)_2]2+ cluster ions. The
obtained stabilities show excellent agreement with experimental abundances
obtained from mass spectra. Those enhanced stabilities are found to be a
consequence of highly compact structures that can be built only for certain
values of m. Nearly all magic number clusters can be shown to be constructed in
one of the two following ways: (a) by adding tri- or penta-atomic chains to two
edges of a perfect neutral (NaCl)_n cuboid, with n=m-2 or n=m-4, respectively;
(b) by removing a chloride anion from a perfect singly charged (NaCl)_nNa+
cuboid, with n=m+1.


title: Analytic Formula for Weak Multi-Bunch Beam Break-Up in a Linac

abstract:
  In designing linear accelerator structures for multi-bunch applications we
are often interested in estimating the effect of relatively weak multi-bunch
beam break-up (BBU), due to the somewhat complicated wakefields of detuned
structures. This, for example, is the case for the injector linacs of the
JLC/NLC linear collider project. Deriving an analytical formula for such a
problem is the subject of this report.


title:
Obtaining the Wakefield Due to Cell-to-Cell Misalignments in a Linear
  Accelerator Structure

abstract:
  A linear accelerator structure, such as will be used in the linacs of the
JLC/NLC collider, is composed of on the order of 100 cells. The cells are
constructed as individual cups that are brazed together to form a structure.
Fabrication error will result in slight cell-to-cell misalignments along the
finished structure. In this report we derive an approximation to the transverse
wakefield of a structure with cell-to-cell misalignments in terms of the
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the error-free structure.


title:
On Resonant Multi-Bunch Wakefield Effects in Linear Accelerators with
  Dipole Mode Detuning

abstract:
  In this report we explore resonant multi-bunch, transverse wakefield effects
in a linear accelerator in which the dipole modes of the accelerator structures
have been detuned.


title: Fragmentary Electrodynamics of Solitons Emitted by Atoms

abstract:
  In the recent years there was published some papers in which the photons are
represented as electromagnetic solitons [1,2,3]. All particles - solitons -
represent some electromagnetic field restricted in a very small volume, length,
cross-section and propagate in vacuum with light velocity in one and the same
directions at a very great unrestricted distances [3]. These unordinary
properties of the electromagnetic field - soliton - require some more detailed
investigations of the dynamics of interactions of charged particles and
electromagnetic fields. In this paper I make an attempt to solve in part
(fragmentary) some questions about energy density of the soliton,
electrodynamics of soliton and the simplest hydrogen atom, the acceleration of
a charged particle, the path of the electron wile it changes its position, the
emitted electromagnetic soliton energy and the electron in a stationary state.
The descriptions are restricted only to the properties of the solitons in paper
[3] and to the hydrogen atom, but I think that obtained results could be
applied to the more complicated systems.


title:
A numerical ab initio study of harmonic generation from a ring-shaped
  model molecule in laser fields

abstract:
  When a laser pulse impinges on a molecule which is invariant under certain
symmetry operations selection rules for harmonic generation (HG) arise. In
other words: symmetry controls which channels are open for the deposition and
emission of laser energy---with the possible application of filtering or
amplification. We review the derivation of HG selection rules and study
numerically the interaction of laser pulses with an effectively one-dimensional
ring-shaped model molecule. The harmonic yields obtained from that model and
their dependence on laser frequency and intensity are discussed. In a real
experiment obvious candidates for such molecules are benzene, other aromatic
compounds, or even nanotubes.


title:
An Atomic Linear Stark Shift Violating P But Not T Arising From the
  Electroweak Nuclear Anapole Moment

abstract:
  We propose a direct method of detection of the nuclear anapole moment. It is
based on the existence of a linear Stark shift for alkali atoms in their ground
state perturbed by a quadrupolar interaction potential and a magnetic field.
This shift is proportional to the T-even pseudoscalar built from the
quadrupolar potential symmetry axis, the directions of the applied electric and
magnetic fields.It involves on the one hand the anisotropy of the hyperfine
interaction induced by the quadrupolar interaction and, on the other,the static
electric dipole moment arising from electroweak interactions inside the
nucleus. The case of ground state cesium atoms trapped in a uniaxial (hcp)
phase of solid helium-4 is examined. From an explicit evaluation of both the
hyperfine structure anisotropy and the static P-odd T-even dipole deduced from
recent empirical data about the cesium nuclear anapole moment, we predict the
Stark shift. It is three times the experimental upper bound to be set on the
T-odd Stark shift of free cesium atoms in order to improve the present limit on
the electron EDM.


title: Mathematical Model of Shock Waves

abstract:
  Presented here is the mathematical model describing the phenomenon of shock
waves. The underlying concept is based on the time-space model of wave
propagation.


title: Parametric autoresonance

abstract:
  We investigate parametric autoresonance: a persisting phase locking which
occurs when the driving frequency of a parametrically excited nonlinear
oscillator slowly varies with time. In this regime, the resonant excitation is
continuous and unarrested by the oscillator nonlinearity. The system has three
characteristic time scales, the fastest one corresponding to the natural
frequency of the oscillator. We perform averaging over the fastest time scale
and analyze the reduced set of equations analytically and numerically.
Analytical results are obtained by exploiting the scale separation between the
two remaining time scales which enables one to use the adiabatic invariant of
the perturbed nonlinear motion.


title:
Chirality and helicity in terms of topological spin and topological
  torsion

abstract:
  In this article the concept of enantiomorphism is developed in terms of
topological, rather than geometrical, concepts. Chirality is to be associated
with enantiomorphic pairs which induce Optical Activity, while Helicity is to
be associated enantiomorphic pairs which induce a Faraday effect.
Experimentally, the existence of enantiomorphic pairs is associated with the
lack of a center of symmetry, which is also serves as a necessary condition for
Optical Activity. However, Faraday effects may or may not require a lack of a
center of symmetry. The two species of enantiomorphic pairs are distinct, as
the rotation of the plane of polarization by Optical Activity is a reciprocal
phenomenon, while rotation of the plane of polarization by the Faraday effect
is a non-reciprocal phenomenon. From a topological viewpoint, Maxwell's
electrodynamics indicates that the concept of Chirality is to be associated
with a third rank tensor density of Topological Spin induced by the interaction
of the 4 vector potentials {A,phi} and the field excitations {D,H}. The
distinct concept of Helicity is to be associated with the third rank tensor
field of Topological Torsion induced by the interaction of the 4 vector
potentials and field intensities {E,B}.


title: Quantization of the Coulomb Chain in an External Focusing Field

abstract:
  With the appropriate choice of parameters and sufficient cooling, charged
particles in a circular accelerator are believed to undergo a transition to a
highly-ordered crystalline state. The simplest possible crystalline
configuration is a one-dimensional chain of particles. In this paper, we write
down the quantized version of its dynamics. We show that in a low-density
limit, the dynamics is that of a theory of interacting phonons. There is an
infinite sequence of $n$-phonon interaction terms, of which we write down the
first orders, which involve phonon scattering and decay processes. The quantum
formulation developed here can serve as a first step towards a
quantum-mechanical treatment of the system at finite temperatures.


title:
Hydrodynamic Waves in Regions with Smooth Loss of Convexity of
  Isentropes. General Phenomenological Theory

abstract:
  General phenomenological theory of hydrodynamic waves in regions with smooth
loss of convexity of isentropes is developed based on the fact that for most
media these regions in p-V plane are anomalously small. Accordingly the waves
are usually weak and can be described in the manner analogous to that for weak
shock waves of compression. The corresponding generalized Burgers equation is
derived and analyzed. The exact solution of the equation for steady shock waves
of rarefaction is obtained and discusses.


title: On p-adic Stochastic Dynamics, Supersymmetry and the Riemann Conjecture

abstract:
  We construct (assuming the quantum inverse scattering problem has a solution
) the operator that yields the zeroes of the Riemman zeta function by defining
explicitly the supersymmetric quantum mechanical model (SUSY QM) associated
with the p-adic stochastic dynamics of a particle undergoing a Brownian random
walk . The zig-zagging occurs after collisions with an infinite array of
scattering centers that fluctuate randomly. Arguments are given to show that
this physical system can be modeled as the scattering of the particle about the
infinite locations of the prime numbers positions. We are able then to
reformulate such p-adic stochastic process, that has an underlying hidden
Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry, as the effective motion of a particle in a
potential which can be expanded in terms of an infinite collection of p-adic
harmonic oscillators with fundamental (Wick-rotated imaginary) frequencies
$\omega_p = i log~p$ (p is a prime) and whose harmonics are $\omega_{p, n} = i
log ~ p^n$. The p-adic harmonic oscillator potential allow us to determine a
one-to-one correspondence between the amplitudes of oscillations $a_n$ (and
phases) with the imaginary parts of the zeroes of zeta $\lambda_n$, after
solving the inverse scattering problem.


title: Deconvolution problems in x-ray absorption fine structure

abstract:
  A Bayesian method application to the deconvolution of EXAFS spectra is
considered. It is shown that for purposes of EXAFS spectroscopy, from the
infinitely large number of Bayesian solutions it is possible to determine an
optimal range of solutions, any one from which is appropriate. Since this
removes the requirement for the uniqueness of solution, it becomes possible to
exclude the instrumental broadening and the lifetime broadening from EXAFS
spectra. In addition, we propose several approaches to the determination of
optimal Bayesian regularization parameter. The Bayesian deconvolution is
compared with the deconvolution which uses the Fourier transform and optimal
Wiener filtering. It is shown that XPS spectra could be in principle used for
extraction of a one-electron absorptance. The amplitude correction factors
obtained after deconvolution are considered and discussed.


title: Intermittency and turbulence in a magnetically confined fusion plasma

abstract:
  We investigate the intermittency of magnetic turbulence as measured in
Reversed Field Pinch plasmas. We show that the Probability Distribution
Functions of magnetic field differences are not scale invariant, that is the
wings of these functions are more important at the smallest scales, a classical
signature of intermittency. We show that scaling laws appear also in a region
very close to the external wall of the confinement device, and we present
evidences that the observed intermittency increases moving towards the wall.

categories: physics.plasm-ph nlin.CD physics.data-an physics.flu-dyn


title: The cosmic origin of supersymmetry and internal symmetry

abstract:
  The cosmic vacuum is the wavefunction of the eleven dimensional Planck
supermembrane. The Planck wavefunction is the superposition of dimensions from
eleven to four dimensional spacetime with decreasing energy and increasing
size. The cosmic vacuum is a gigantic cosmic particle-wave. It undergoes a
gigantic slow cosmic oscillation between the high-energy eleven dimensional
spacetime and the low-energy four dimensional spacetime. The origin of ordinary
(baryonic) matter in the big bang universe is the collapsed Planck wavefunction
due to the lepton-quark entangled state with two unequal sets of spacetime as
the quantum system-measurement entangled state in Hilbert space. The collapsed
Planck wavefunction has four dimensional spacetime and seven dimensional
internal space (non-spacetime) with seven gauge bosons. The remnants of the
cosmic oscillation are cosmic radiation, gravity, and microscopic particle-wave
in the four dimensional spacetime. Internal symmetries for gauge bosons,
leptons, quarks, and black holes are in the seven dimensional internal space.
The result is the big bang universe with the cosmic vacuum. The cosmic vacuum
has the four-to-eleven dimensional spacetime supersymmetry, while the big bang
universe has the four dimensional spacetime and the seven dimensional internal
space. The masses of elementary particles can be calculated with only four
known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the
supermembrane, the mass of electron, the mass of Z, and the fine structure
constant for the magnetic field.


title: Superluminal motions? A bird-eye view of the experimental situation

abstract:
  In this article (after some brief theoretical considerations) a bird-eye view
is presented -with the help of nine figures- of the various experimental
sectors of physics in which Superluminal motions seem to appear. In particular,
a panorama is presented of the experiments with evanescent waves and/or
tunnelling photons, and with the "localized Superluminal solutions" to the
Maxwell equations (e.g., with the so-called X-shaped ones). The present paper
is sketchy, but is followed by a large enough bibliography to allow the
interested reader deepening the preferred topic.


title:
Independence of events and quantum structure of the light in Einstein's
  special relativity

abstract:
  In the history of physics 1905 can be considered as the year of Einstein's
proclamation of independence of events. Indeed the concept of independent
events occupies a essential place in the three main 1905 Einstein's papers
(quanta of light, brownian motion and special relativity). We show that the
independent events and the independent points of light are inseparable not only
in Einstein's 1905 paper on quanta of light but also in Einstein's 1905 paper
on special relativity. Einstein's special relativity without ether is therefore
based on a quantum conception of the light. We show also that there exists
another special relativity with ether: Poincare's special relativity (based on
the principle of relativity and the principle of real contraction of the
lengths)without the concept of event and with a purely classical wavy
conception of the light.


title:
Topological-Torsion and Topological-Spin as coherent structures in
  plasmas

abstract:
  The PDE's of classical electromagnetism can be generated from two exterior
differential systems that distinguish topologically the field intensities and
potentials, F-dA= 0, from the field excitations and the charge current
densities, J-dG = 0. The existence of potentials, A, leads to the independent
3-forms of T-Torsion = A^F and T-Spin = A^G. The exterior derivatives
(divergences) of these 3-forms produce anomalies that define the two classic
Poincare invariants. The closed integrals of these forms, when deformation
invariants of frozen-in fields, define topological coherent structures in the
plasma. Solutions when T-Torsion (T-Spin) is zero define transverse magnetic
(electric) modes on topological grounds. When the divergence of T-Torsion is
not zero there exists a classical mechanism for charge acceleration along the
magnetic field lines producing symplectic plasma currents; large temperature
gradients along the B field lines can act as a source of stellar plasma jets in
neutron stars. In such circumstances, the Torsion vector is uniquely defined by
conformal invariance of the Action potentials. Plasma currents in the direction
of the Torsion vector leave both A^F and A^G conformally invariant, hence these
fields are frozen-in even though the processes are thermodynamically
irreversible. The decaying coherent and deformable topological structures
associated with such frozen-in fields are persistent and observable artifacts,
similar to wakes, that can appear in any plasma domain, such as that which
surrounds stars.


title: Some closed form solutions to the Navier Stokes equations

abstract:
  An algorithm for generating a class of closed form solutions to the
Navier-Stokes equations is suggested, with examples. Of particular interest are
those exact solutions that exhibit intermittency, tertiary Hopf bifurcations,
flow reversal, and hysteresis.


title: Topology and Turbulence

abstract:
  Over a given regular domain of independent variables {x,y,z,t}, every
covariant vector field of flow can be constructed in terms a differential
1-form of Action. The associated Cartan topology permits the definition of four
basic topological equivalence classes of flows based on the Pfaff dimension of
the 1-form of Action. Potential flows or streamline processes are generated by
an Action 1-form of Pfaff dimension 1 and 2, respectively. Chaotic flows must
be associated with domains of Pfaff dimension 3 or more. Turbulent flows are
associated with domains of Pfaff dimension 4. It will be demonstrated that the
Navier-Stokes equations are related to Action 1-forms of Pfaff dimension 4. The
Cartan Topology is a disconnected topology if the Pfaff dimension is greater
than 2. This fact implies that the creation of turbulence (a state of Pfaff
dimension 4 and a disconnected Cartan topology) from a streamline flow (a state
of Pfaff dimension 2 and a connected topology) can take place only by
discontinuous processes which induce shocks and tangential discontinuities. On
the otherhand, the decay of turbulence can be described by continuous, but
irreversible, processes. Numerical procedures that force continuity of slope
and value cannot in principle describe the creation of turbulence, but such
techniques of forced continuity can be used to describe the decay of
turbulence.


title: Predecessors of preprint servers

abstract:
  Although there was an early experiment in the 1960s with the central
distribution of paper preprints in the biomedical sciences, these sciences have
not been early adopters of electronic preprint servers. Some barriers to the
development of a 'preprint culture' in the biomedical sciences are described.
Multiple factors that, from the 1960s, fostered the transition from a
paper-based preprint culture in high energy physics to an electronic one are
also described. A new revolution in scientific publishing, in which journals
come to be regarded as an overlay on electronic preprint databases, will
probably overtake some areas of research much more quickly than others.


title: Instability patterns, wakes and topological limnit sets

abstract:
  Many hydrodynamic instability patterns can be put into correspondence with a
subset of characteristic surfaces of tangential discontinuities. These
topological limits sets to systems of hyperbolic PDE's are locally unstable,
but a certain subset associated with minimal surfaces are globally stabilized,
persistent and non-dissipative. Sections of these surfaces are the spiral
scrolls so often observed in hydrodynamic wakes. This method of wake production
does not depend explicitly upon viscosity.


title: The Principle of Synergy and Isomorphic Units, a revised version

abstract:
  A solution to the part and whole problem is presented in this paper by using
a complex mathematical representation that permits to define the Holon concept
as a unit that remains itself in spite of complex operations such as
integration and derivation. This can be done because of the remarkable
isomorphic property of Euler Relation. We can then define a domain independent
of the observer and the object where the object is embedded. We will then be
able to have a Quantum Mechanics solution without the "observer drawback", as
Karl R. Popper tried to find all his life but from the philosophical point of
view and which was Einstein main concern about QM. A unit that has always
similar or identical structure or form, despite even complex operations such as
integration and derivation, is the ideal unit for the new sciences of
complexity or just the systems sciences where structure or form, wholeness,
organization, and complexity are main requirements. A table for validating the
results obtained is presented in case of the pendulum formula.


title: Biological Effects of Microwaves: Thermal and nonThermal Mechanisms

abstract:
  For over sixty years, it has been reported that microwave electromagnetic
radiation (EMR) had effects on humans which could not be explained by
detectible heating of tissue. Auditory responses to radar, called microwave
hearing, have been the best known of these phenomena. To account for microwave
hearing, many studies in the literature have adopted a rate-of-heating
hypothesis advanced by Foster and Finch in 1974. We show here that theoretical
and experimental studies supporting this hypothesis are weaker than usually
assumed.
  We develop a simple framework of understanding of EMR that may be used to
explain microwave hearing as a nonthermal, nonacoustic effect. We then extend
this approach to other contexts, pointing out several fundamental
misconceptions confounding the field.
  EMR, especially wide-band EMR, primarily must have a nonthermal effect on
living tissue before conversion to heat. Auditory and tactile sensations,
central neurological disability, and blood pressure loss caused by EMR have
been documented. Except microwave hearing, parameters of irradiation causing
such effects have not been explored adequately and remain unknown. There
appears not to be any forensic methodology to prove the cause of harm at
nonthermal levels.


title: Large - Scale Homogeneity or Principle Hierarchy of the Universe?

abstract:
  Invariablly justified representations of the Wave Universe Concept-WU Concept
(see monography-Chechelnitsky A.M. Extremum, Stability and Resonance in
Astrodynamics..., etc. and other publications) indicate a principle
incorrectness of expectations of Standard (Model) cosmology about homogeneity
and isotropy of the Universe. It also is connected with observational data
about apparent hierarchy of giant astronomical systems (stellar systems,
galaxies, clusters of galaxies, superclusters of galaxies, etc.), their
megawave structure, quantization "in the Large", non-homogeneity of microwave
background Space radiation, adequately interpreted (in frameworks WU Concept)
effects redshifts quantization of quasars, etc. The principle absence of a
Limit of Hierarchy of Matter Levels asserts: "The Staircase of a Matter"-is
endless. For orientation of the explorers, working with the observational data,
in frameworks of WU Concept the concrete characteristics of following (behind
superclusters of galaxies) potentially possible extremely large astronomical
systems are calculated with using the Fundamental parameter of Hierarchy -
Chechelnitsky Number (hi)=3.66(6). The astronomical systems, belonging to the
nearest hierarchy Levels of Solar- Like systems, are characterized by external
radiuses [a(k)=((hi)^k)a(0), a(0)=39.373 AU] a(20)=36.83, a(21)=135, a(22)=495,
a(23)=1815 Mpc.


title: Self-adaptive exploration in evolutionary search

abstract:
  We address a primary question of computational as well as biological research
on evolution: How can an exploration strategy adapt in such a way as to exploit
the information gained about the problem at hand? We first introduce an
integrated formalism of evolutionary search which provides a unified view on
different specific approaches. On this basis we discuss the implications of
indirect modeling (via a ``genotype-phenotype mapping'') on the exploration
strategy. Notions such as modularity, pleiotropy and functional phenotypic
complex are discussed as implications. Then, rigorously reflecting the notion
of self-adaptability, we introduce a new definition that captures
self-adaptability of exploration: different genotypes that map to the same
phenotype may represent (also topologically) different exploration strategies;
self-adaptability requires a variation of exploration strategies along such a
``neutral space''. By this definition, the concept of neutrality becomes a
central concern of this paper. Finally, we present examples of these concepts:
For a specific grammar-type encoding, we observe a large variability of
exploration strategies for a fixed phenotype, and a self-adaptive drift towards
short representations with highly structured exploration strategy that matches
the ``problem's structure''.


title:
From features to expression: High-density oligonucleotide array analysis
  revisited

abstract:
  One of the most popular tools for large scale gene expression studies are
high-density oligonucleotide (GeneChip(R)) arrays. These currently have 16-20
small probe cells (``features'') for evaluating the transcript abundance of
each gene. In addition, each probe is accompanied by a mismatched probe
designed as a control for non-specificity. An algorithm is presented to compute
comparative expression levels from the intensities of the individual features,
based on a statistical study of their distribution. Interestingly, MM probes
need not be included in the analysis. We show that our algorithm improves
significantly upon the current standard and leads to a substantially larger
number of genes brought above the noise floor for further analysis.


title: On the beams of wavy metric tensors

abstract:
  If we move at the same speed of a spatially limited train of an undulating
metric tensor, a famous Serini's theorem will assure us that this train
represents actually a flat spacetime region.


title:
Ball lightning as a possible manifestation of high-temperature
  superconductivity in Nature

abstract:
  In the superconducting medium the circular current supported by its own
magnetic field can exist giving rise to the possible underlying mechanism for
the ball lightning.


title:
Covariant Formulation of Electromagnetic 4-Momentum in Terms of
  4-Vectors E^\alpha and B^\alpha

abstract:
  The fundamental difference between the true transformations (TT) and the
apparent transformations (AT) is explained. The TT refer to the same quantity,
while the AT refer, e.g., to the same measurement in different inertial frames
of reference. It is shown that the usual transformations of the three-vectors E
and B are - the AT. The covariant electrodynamics with the four-vectors E(sup
alpha) and B(sup alpha) of the electric and magnetic field is constructed. It
is also shown that the conventional synchronous definitions of the
electromagnetic energy and momentum contain both, the AT of the volume,
i.e.,the Lorentz contraction, and the AT of E and B, while Rohrlich's
expressions contain only the AT of E and B. A manifestly covariant expression
for the energy-momentum density tensor and the electromagnetic 4-momentum is
constructed using E(sup alpha) and B(sup alpha). The "4/3" problem is discussed
and it is shown that all previous treatments either contain the AT of the
volume, or the AT of E and B, or both of them. In our approach all quantities
are four-dimensional spacetime tensors whose transformations are the TT.