title:
Jet Correlations with Identified Particles from PHENIX: Methods and
  Results

abstract:
  Azimuthal angle two particle correlations have been shown to be a powerful
probe for extracting novel features of the interaction between hard scattered
partons and the medium produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC. At intermediate
$p_T$, 2-5GeV/c, the jets have been shown to be significantly modified in both
their particle composition and their angular distribution compared to p+p
collisions. Additionally, angular two particle correlations with identified
hadrons provide information on the possible role of modified hadronization
scenarios such as partonic recombination, which might allow medium modified jet
fragmentation by connecting hard scattered partons to low $p_T$ thermal
partons.
  PHENIX has excellent particle identification capabilities and has developed
robust techniques for extracting jet correlations from the large underlying
event. We present recent PHENIX results from Au+Au collisions for a variety of
$p_T$ and particle type combinations. We also present p+p measurements as a
baseline. We show evidence that protons and anti-protons in the $p_T$ region of
enhanced baryon and anti-baryon single particle production are produced in
close angle pairs of opposite charge and that the strong modifications to the
away side shape observed for charged hadron correlations are also present when
baryons are correlated.


title:
Observation of $\Delta \phi \Delta \eta$ Scaled Correlation Signals
  which increase wirh Centrality of Au Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200
  GeV

abstract:
  We show the preliminary charged-particle pair correlation analyses presented
in a poster session at the 2006 International Quark Matter Conference in
Shanghai China. The correlation analysis space of $\Delta \phi$ (azimuth) and
$\Delta \eta$ (pseudo-rapidity) are considered as a function of centrality for
minimum bias Au + Au collisions in the mid-transverse momentum range in the
STAR detector. The analyses involve unlike-sign charge pairs and like-sign
charge pairs, which are transformed into charge-dependent (CD) signals and
charge-independent (CI) signals. We use a multiplicity scale to compare the
different centralities. We find the signals increase with increasing
centrality. A model featuring dense gluonic hot spots as first proposed by van
Hove predicts that the observables under investigation would have sensitivity
to such a substructure should it occur. A blast wave model including multiple
hot spots motivates the selection of transverse momenta in the range 0.8 GeV/c$
< p_t < $4.0 GeV/c.


title:
Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold
  neutrons

abstract:
  Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to
measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a
material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was
deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different
surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of
fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment,
the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any
experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of
that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime
obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental
measurement to date.


title:
Study of the production mechanism of the eta meson in proton-proton
  collisions by means of analysing power measurements

abstract:
  The analysing power measurements for the p(pol)p -> pp eta reaction studied
in this dissertation are used in the determination of the reaction mechanism of
the eta meson production in nucleon-nucleon collisions.
  Measurements have been performed in the close-to-threshold energy region at
beam momenta of p(beam)=2.010 and 2.085 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess
energies of Q = 10 and 36 MeV, respectively. The experiments were realised by
means of a cooler synchrotron and storage ring COSY along with a cluster jet
target. For registration of the reaction products the COSY-11 facility has been
used. The identification of the eta meson has been performed with the missing
mass method.
  The results for the angular dependence of the analysing power combined with
the hitherto determined isospin dependence of the total cross section for the
$\eta$ meson production in the nucleon-nucleon collisions, reveal a
statistically significant indication that the excitation of the nucleon to the
S_{11} resonance, the process which intermediates the production of the eta
meson, is predominantly due to the exchange of a pi meson between the colliding
nucleons.
  The determined values of the analysing power at both excess energies are
consistent with zero implying that the eta meson is produced predominantly in
the s-wave at both excess energies.


title: Quark Matter 2006: high-pT and jets

abstract:
  An overview of new experimental results on high-\pT{} particle production and
jets in heavy ion collisions from the Quark Matter 2006 conference is
presented.


title:
Application of the time-dependent charge asymmetry method for
  longitudinal position determination in prototype proportional chambers for
  the PANDA experiment

abstract:
  The PANDA collaboration intends to build a state-of-the-art detector to study
the physics of antiproton annihilation in the charm mass region at the future
FAIR facility at GSI, Darmstadt. One major part of the PANDA detector is the
straw tube tracker. It will consist of about 6000 individual straws grouped in
11 double layers and filled with an Ar+10%CO_2 gas mixture. The required radial
spatial resolution is about 150 micron. Two different methods are considered
for longitudinal coordinate measurements - skewed double layers and a novel
method based on the time-dependent charge asymmetry. The latter method is
presented in this article.


title: Heavy-Ion Physics with ALICE

abstract:
  The ALICE detector, expected to start operating at the Large Hadron Collider
this year, was designed specifically for the study of heavy-ion collisions. In
this paper we recall the main features of the apparatus and give some examples
of the expected physics performance.


title:
Scaling of the charm cross-section and modification of charm $p_{T}$
  spectra at RHIC

abstract:
  Charm production from the direct reconstruction of $D^0$ ($D^0\to K\pi$ up to
2 GeV/$c$) and indirect lepton measurements via charm semileptonic decays
($c\to e+X$ at 0.9\textless$p_T$\textless5.0 GeV/$c$ and $c\to \mu+X$ at
0.17\textless$p_{T}$\textless0.25 GeV/$c$) at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au+Au
collisions are analyzed. The transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra and the
nuclear modification factors for $D^0$ and for leptons from heavy flavor decays
is presented. Scaling of charm cross-section with number of binary collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV from d+Au to Au+Au collisions is reported.


title:
Selected results on Strong and Coulomb-induced correlations from the
  STAR experiment

abstract:
  Using recent high-statistics STAR data from Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at
full RHIC energy I discuss strong and Coulomb-induced final state interaction
effects on identical ($\pi-\pi$) and non-identical ($\pi-\Xi$) particle
correlations. Analysis of $\pi-\Xi$ correlations reveals the strong and
Coulomb-induced FSI effects allowing for the first time to estimate space
extension of $\pi$ and $\Xi$ sources and average shift between them. Source
imaging technique providing clean separation of these effects from effects due
to the source function itself is applied to one-dimensional relative momentum
correlation function of identical pions. For low momentum pions and/or
non-central collisions large departure from a single-Gaussian shape is
observed.


title: Neutron density distributions from antiprotonic 208Pb and 209Bi atoms

abstract:
  The X-ray cascade from antiprotonic atoms was studied for 208Pb and 209Bi.
Widths and shifts of the levels due to the strong interaction were determined.
Using modern antiproton-nucleus optical potentials the neutron densities in the
nuclear periphery were deduced. Assuming two parameter Fermi distributions
(2pF) describing the proton and neutron densities the neutron rms radii were
deduced for both nuclei. The difference of neutron and proton rms radii /\r_np
equal to 0.16 +-(0.02)_{stat} +- (0.04)_{syst} fm for 208Pb and 0.14 +-
(0.04)_{stat} +- (0.04)_{syst} fm for 209Bi were determined and the assigned
systematic errors are discussed. The /\r_np values and the deduced shapes of
the neutron distributions are compared with mean field model calculations.


title: A Database for Fast Access to Particle-Gated Event Data

abstract:
  In nuclear physics experiments involving in-flight fragmentation of ions,
usually a large number of different nuclei is produced and various detection
systems are employed to identify the species event by event, e.g. by measuring
their specific energy loss and time-of-flight. For such cases -- not
necessarily limited to nuclear physics -- where subsets of a large dataset can
be identified using a small number of measured signals a software for fast
access to varying subsets of such a dataset has been developed. The software
has been used successfully in the analysis of a one neutron knock-out
experiment at GANIL.


title: A Further Measurement of the beta-Delayed alpha-Particle Emission of 16N

abstract:
  We measured the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission spectrum of 16N with a
sensitivity for beta-decay branching ratios of the order of 10-10. The 16N
nuclei were produced using the d(15N,16N)p reaction with 70 MeV 15N beams and a
deuterium gas target 7.5 cm long at a pressure of 1250 torr. The 16N nuclei
were collected (over 10 s) using a thin aluminum foil with an areal density of
180 mu g/cm2 tilted at 7 Deg with respect to the beam. The activity was
transferred to the counting area by means of a stepping motor in less than 3 s
with the counting carried out over 8 s. The beta-delayed alpha-particles were
measured using a time of flight method to achieve a sufficiently low
background. Standard calibration sources (148Gd, 241Am, 208,209Po, and 227Ac)
as well as alpha-particles and 7Li from the 10B(n,alpha)7Li reaction were used
for an accurate energy calibration. The energy resolution of the catcher foil
(180-220 keV) was calculated and the time of flight resolution (3-10 nsec) was
measured using the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission from 8Li that was
produced using the d(7Li,8Li)p reaction with the same setup. The line shape was
corrected to account for the variation in the energy and time resolution and a
high statistics spectrum of the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission of 16N is
reported. However, our data (as well as earlier Mainz data and unpublished
Seattle data) do not agree with an earlier measurement of the beta-delayed
alpha-particle emission of 16N taken at TRIUMF after averaging over the energy
resolution of our collection system. This disagreement, amongst other issues,
prohibits accurate inclusion of the f-wave component in the R-matrix analysis.


title: Entropy Production at High Energy and mu_B

abstract:
  The systematics of bulk entropy production in experimental data on A+A, p+p
and e+e- interactions at high energies and large mu_B is discussed. It is
proposed that scenarios with very early thermalization, such as Landau's
hydrodynamical model, capture several essential features of the experimental
results. It is also pointed out that the dynamics of systems which reach the
hydrodynamic regime give similar multiplicities and angular distributions as
those calculated in weak-coupling approximations (e.g. pQCD) over a wide range
of beam energies. Finally, it is shown that the dynamics of baryon stopping are
relevant to the physics of total entropy production, explaining why A+A and
e+e- multiplicities are different at low beam energies.


title:
Hotter, Denser, Faster, Smaller...and Nearly-Perfect: What's the matter
  at RHIC?

abstract:
  The experimental and theoretical status of the ``near perfect fluid'' at RHIC
is discussed. While the hydrodynamic paradigm for understanding collisions at
RHIC is well-established, there remain many important open questions to address
in order to understand its relevance and scope. It is also a crucial issue to
understand how the early equilibration is achieved, requiring insight into the
active degrees of freedom at early times.


title: Characterization of 7H Nuclear System

abstract:
  The 7H resonance was produced via one-proton transfer reaction with a 8He
beam at 15.4A MeV and a 12C gas target. The experimental setup was based on the
active-target MAYA which allowed a complete reconstruction of the reaction
kinematics. The characterization of the identified 7H events resulted in a
resonance energy of 0.57(+0.42-0.21) MeV above the 3H+4n threshold and a
resonance width of 0.09(+0.94-0.06) MeV.


title:
Measurement of leptonic and hadronic decays of omega- and phi-mesons at
  RHIC by PHENIX

abstract:
  The PHENIX experiment at RHIC measured production of the \omega- and \phi-
mesons in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 63 and 200 GeV.
Particle properties were studied using hadronic and di-electron decay channels.
Transverse momentum (mass) spectra measured in different decay modes are found
to be in agreement with each other within the errors. Nuclear modification
factors R_{AA} measured for both mesons are consistent with results previously
obtained for other neutral mesons. Position of the meson mass peaks and their
widths reconstructed in hadronic decay channels are in agreement with their
properties measured in vacuum.


title: Study of the 12C+12C fusion reactions near the Gamow energy

abstract:
  The fusion reactions 12C(12C,a)20Ne and 12C(12C,p)23Na have been studied from
E = 2.10 to 4.75 MeV by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a C target with ultra-low
hydrogen contamination. The deduced astrophysical S(E)* factor exhibits new
resonances at E <= 3.0 MeV, in particular a strong resonance at E = 2.14 MeV,
which lies at the high-energy tail of the Gamow peak. The resonance increases
the present non-resonant reaction rate of the alpha channel by a factor of 5
near T = 8x10^8 K. Due to the resonance structure, extrapolation to the Gamow
energy E_G = 1.5 MeV is quite uncertain. An experimental approach based on an
underground accelerator placed in a salt mine in combination with a high
efficiency detection setup could provide data over the full E_G energy range.


title: Plans for a Neutron EDM Experiment at SNS

abstract:
  The electric dipole moment of the neutron, leptons, and atoms provide a
unique window to Physics Beyond the Standard Model. We are currently developing
a new neutron EDM experiment (the nEDM Experiment). This experiment, which will
be run at the 8.9 A Neutron Line at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline
(FNPB) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, will search for the neutron EDM with a sensitivity two orders of
magnitude better than the present limit. In this paper, the motivation for the
experiment, the experimental method, and the present status of the experiment
are discussed.


title: Direct photons at low $p_{T}$ measured in PHENIX

abstract:
  Direct photon spectra measured at small $p_T$ in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au
collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV are presented. Several measurement
techniques including statistical subtraction, tagging, and internal and
external conversion were applied and found to produce consistent results. The
p+p and d+Au results are found to be in very good agreement with pQCD
predictions over the entire $p_T$ range. No excess of direct photons in Au+Au
collisions with respect to binary scaled d+Au data is observed within
systematic errors.


title:
First experiment on fission transients in highly fissile spherical
  nuclei produced by fragmentation of radioactive beams

abstract:
  We report on a novel experimental approach for studying the dissipative
spreading of collective motion in a meta-stable nuclear system, using, for the
first time, highly fissile nuclei with spherical shape. This was achieved by
fragmentation of 45 radioactive heavy-ion beams at GSI, Darmstadt. The use of
inverse kinematics and a dedicated experimental set-up allowed for the
identification in atomic number of both fission fragments. From the width of
their charge distributions, a transient time of (3.3 +/- 0.7) 10-21 s is
deduced for initially spherical nuclei.


title:
Cascade production in the reactions gamma p --> K+ K+ (X) and gamma p
  --> K^+ K^+ pi- (X)

abstract:
  Photoproduction of the cascade resonances has been investigated in the
reactions $\gamma p \to K^+ K^+ (X)$ and $\gamma p \to K^+ K^+ \pi^- (X)$. The
mass split of the $\Xi$ doublet is measured to be $5.4\pm 1.8$ MeV/c$^2$,
consistent with existing measurements. The differential (total) cross sections
for the $\Xi^{-}$ have been determined for photon beam energies from 2.75 to
3.85 (4.75) GeV, and are consistent with a possible production mechanism of
$Y^*\to K^+\Xi^-$ through a $t$-channel process. The reaction $\gamma p \to K^+
K^+ \pi^-[\Xi^0]$ has also been investigated in search of excited cascade
resonances. No significant signal of excited cascade states other than the
$\Xi^-(1530)$ is observed. The cross section results of the $\Xi^-(1530)$ have
also been obtained for photon beam energies from 3.35 to 4.75 GeV.


title: Heavy Ion Physics at RHIC

abstract:
  The status of the physics of heavy ion collisions is reviewed based on
measurements over the past 6 years from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
(RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The dense nuclear matter produced in
Au+Au collisions with nucleon-nucleon c.m. energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV at
RHIC corresponds roughly to the density and temperature of the universe a few
microseconds after the `big-bang' and has been described as "a perfect liquid"
of quarks and gluons, rather than the gas of free quarks and gluons, ``the
quark-gluon plasma" as originally envisaged. The measurements and arguments
leading to this description will be presented.


title:
The eccentricities of flow - elliptic flow fluctuations and evidence for
  transverse localization in the initial state of the matter in relativistic
  heavy ion collisions

abstract:
  Recent measurements of event-by-event elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at
sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV exhibit large relative fluctuations of about 40~50%. The
data are well described by fluctuations in the shape of the initial collision
region, as estimated event-by-event with the participant eccentricity using
Glauber Monte Carlo. These results, combined with the demonstrated participant
eccentricity scaling of the elliptic flow across nuclear species, constitute
evidence of transverse granularity in the initial matter production in these
collisions.


title:
Feasibility study of the observation of the neutrino accompanied double
  beta-decay of Ge-76 to the 0+(1) excited state of Se-76 using segmented
  germanium detectors

abstract:
  Neutrino accompanied double beta-decay of Ge-76 can populate the ground state
and the excited states of Se-76. While the decay to the ground state has been
observed with a half-life of 1.74 +0.18 -0.16 10^21 years, decays to the
excited states have not yet been observed. Nuclear matrix elements depend on
details of the nuclear transitions. A measurement of the half-life of the
transition considered here could help to reduce the uncertainties of the
calculations of the nuclear matrix element for the neutrinoless double beta
decay of Ge-76. This parameter relates the half-life of the process to the
effective Majorana neutrino mass. The results of a feasibility study to detect
the neutrino accompanied double beta-decay of Ge-76 to the excited states of
Se-76 are presented in this paper. Segmented germanium detectors were assumed
in this study. Such detectors, enriched in Ge-76 to a level of about 86%, will
be deployed in the GERDA experiment located at the INFN Gran Sasso National
Laboratory, Italy. It is shown that the decay of Ge-76 to the 1122 keV 0+ level
of Se-76 can be observed in GERDA provided that the half-life of the process is
in the range favoured by the present calculations which is 7.5 10^21 y to 3.1
10^23 y.


title: Dark Matter in Nuclear Physics

abstract:
  This White Paper was prepared for the Nuclear Science Town Meeting on
"Neutrinos, Neutrons and Fundamental Symmetries, held in Chicago on Jan. 17-19,
2007.


title: Measurement of the beam asymmetry in eta-photoproduction off the proton

abstract:
  The beam asymmetry, $\Sigma$, was measured at ELSA in the reaction $\vec
\gamma p \to \eta p$ using linearly polarised tagged photon beams, produced by
coherent bremsstrahlung off a diamond. The crystal was oriented to provide
polarised photons in the energy range $E_\gamma = 800$ to 1400 MeV with the
maximum polarisation of $P_\gamma = 49$ % obtained at 1305 MeV. Both dominant
decay modes of the $\eta$ into two photons and $3\pi^0$ were used to extract
the beam asymmetry from the azimuthal modulation of the cross section. The
measurements cover the angular range $\Theta_\text{cm}\simeq 50$ -- 150
degrees. Large asymmetries up to 80 % are observed, in agreement with a
previous measurement. The eta-MAID model and the Bonn--Gatchina partial wave
analysis describe the measurements, but the required partial waves differ
significantly.


title: Nucleon resonance decay by the $K^0\Sigma^+$ channel

abstract:
  Hyperon production off the proton in the $K^0 \Sigma^+$ channel has been
studied at the tagged photon beam facility at the ELSA electron accelerator in
Bonn. This experiment was part of a series of neutral meson production
experiments on various targets. For this purpose, the Crystal Barrel and TAPS
photon spectrometers have been combined to provide a $4 \pi$ detector for
multi-neutral-particle final states. A high-quality excitation function, recoil
polarizations, and angular distributions from threshold up to 2.3 GeV
center-of-mass energy were obtained. The results are compared with predictions
of recent coupled-channels calculations within the K-matrix formalism and are
interpreted by the partial-wave analysis within the Bonn-Gatchina model.


title: Indirect study of 19Ne states near the 18F+p threshold

abstract:
  The early E < 511 keV gamma-ray emission from novae depends critically on the
18F(p,a)15O reaction. Unfortunately the reaction rate of the 18F(p,a)15O
reaction is still largely uncertain due to the unknown strengths of low-lying
proton resonances near the 18F+p threshold which play an important role in the
nova temperature regime. We report here our last results concerning the study
of the d(18F,p)19F(alpha)15N transfer reaction. We show in particular that
these two low-lying resonances cannot be neglected. These results are then used
to perform a careful study of the remaining uncertainties associated to the
18F(p,a)15O and 18F(p,g)19Ne reaction rates.


title: Open heavy flavor production at RHIC

abstract:
  The study of heavy flavor production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is
an extreme experimental challenge but provides important information on the
properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in Au+Au collisions at RHIC.
Heavy-quarks are believed to be produced in the initial stages of the
collision, and are essential on the understanding of parton energy loss in the
dense medium created in such environment. Moreover, heavy-quarks can help to
investigate fundamental properties of QCD in elementary p+p collisions. In this
work we review recent results on heavy flavor production and their interaction
with the hot and dense medium at RHIC.


title:
Event-by-event fluctuations of azimuthal particle anisotropy in Au+Au
  collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

abstract:
  This paper presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of
the elliptic flow parameter v_2 in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200GeV as a
function of collision centrality. The relative non-statistical fluctuations of
the v_2 parameter are found to be approximately 40%. The results, including
contributions from event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations and from azimuthal
correlations that are unrelated to the reaction plane (non-flow correlations),
establish an upper limit on the magnitude of underlying elliptic flow
fluctuations. This limit is consistent with predictions based on spatial
fluctuations of the participating nucleons in the initial nuclear overlap
region. These results provide important constraints on models of the initial
state and hydrodynamic evolution of relativistic heavy ion collisions.


title:
Why the xE distribution triggered by a leading particle does not measure
  the fragmentation function but does measure the ratio of the transverse
  momenta of the away-side jet to the trigger-side jet

abstract:
  Hard-scattering of point-like constituents (or partons) in p-p collisions was
discovered at the CERN-ISR in 1972 by measurements utilizing inclusive single
or pairs of hadrons with large transverse momentum ($p_T$). It was generally
assumed, following Feynman, Field and Fox, as shown by data from the CERN-ISR
experiments, that the $p_{T_a}$ distribution of away side hadrons from a single
particle trigger [with $p_{T_t}$], corrected for <z_t> of fragmentation would
be the same as that from a jet-trigger and follow the same fragmentation
function as observed in $e^+ e^-$ or DIS. PHENIX attempted to measure the
fragmentation function from the away side $x_E\sim p_{T_a}/p_{T_t}$
distribution of charged particles triggered by a $\pi^0$ in p-p collisions at
RHIC and showed by explicit calculation that the $x_E$ distribution is actually
quite insensitive to the fragmentation function. Illustrations of the original
arguments and ISR results will be presented. Then the lack of sensitivity to
the fragmentation function will be explained, and an analytic formula for the
$x_E$ distribution given, in terms of incomplete Gamma functions, for the case
where the fragmentation function is exponential. The away-side distribution in
this formulation has the nice property that it both exhibits $x_E$ scaling and
is directly sensitive to the ratio of the away jet $\hat{p}_{T_a}$ to that of
the trigger jet, $\hat{p}_{T_t}$, and thus can be used, for example, to measure
the relative energy loss of the two jets from a hard-scattering which escape
from the medium in A+A collisions. Comparisons of the analytical formula to
RHIC measurements will be presented, including data from STAR and PHENIX,
leading to some interesting conclusions.


title:
Fusion and Direct Reactions of Halo Nuclei at Energies around the
  Coulomb Barrier

abstract:
  The present understanding of reaction processes involving light unstable
nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier is reviewed. The effect of
coupling to direct reaction channels on elastic scattering and fusion is
investigated, with the focus on halo nuclei. A list of definitions of processes
is given, followed by a review of the experimental and theoretical tools and
information presently available. The effect of couplings on elastic scattering
and fusion is studied with a series of model calculations within the
coupled-channels framework. The experimental data on fusion are compared to
"bare" no-coupling one-dimensional barrier penetration model calculations. On
the basis of these calculations and comparisons with experimental data,
conclusions are drawn from the observation of recurring features. The total
fusion cross sections for halo nuclei show a suppression with respect to the
"bare" calculations at energies just above the barrier that is probably due to
single neutron transfer reactions. The data for total fusion are also
consistent with a possible sub-barrier enhancement; however, this observation
is not conclusive and other couplings besides the single-neutron channels would
be needed in order to explain any actual enhancement. We find that a
characteristic feature of halo nuclei is the dominance of direct reactions over
fusion at near and sub-barrier energies; the main part of the cross section is
related to neutron transfers, while calculations indicate only a modest
contribution from the breakup process.


title:
Applicability of Monte Carlo Glauber models to relativistic heavy ion
  collision data

abstract:
  The accuracy of Monte Carlo Glauber model descriptions of minimum-bias
multiplicity frequency distributions is evaluated using data from the
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) within the context of a sensitive,
power-law representation introduced previously by Trainor and Prindle (TP).
Uncertainties in the Glauber model input and in the mid-rapidity multiplicity
frequency distribution data are reviewed and estimated using the TP centrality
methodology. The resulting errors in model-dependent geometrical quantities
used to characterize heavy ion collisions ({\em i.e.} impact parameter, number
of nucleon participants $N_{part}$, number of binary interactions $N_{bin}$,
and average number of binary collisions per incident participant nucleon $\nu$)
are presented for minimum-bias Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 20, 62,
130 and 200 GeV and Cu-Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62 and 200 GeV.
Considerable improvement in the accuracy of collision geometry quantities is
obtained compared to previous Monte Carlo Glauber model studies, confirming the
TP conclusions. The present analysis provides a comprehensive list of the
sources of uncertainty and the resulting errors in the above geometrical
collision quantities as functions of centrality. The capability of energy
deposition data from trigger detectors to enable further improvements in the
accuracy of collision geometry quantities is also discussed.


title:
Understanding the Particle Production Mechanism with Correlation Studies
  Using Long and Short Range Correlations

abstract:
  Long range forward-backward multiplicity correlations have been measured with
the STAR detector for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV . Strong
long range correlations are observed in central Au+Au collisions. Based on the
Dual Parton model and Color Glass Condensate considerations the data suggests
that these long range correlations are due to multiple parton interactions.
This suggests that dense partonic matter is created in central Au+Au collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.


title: Triggering on hard probes in heavy ion collisions with CMS

abstract:
  We present a study of the CMS trigger system in heavy-ion collisions.
Concentrating on two physics channels, dimuons from decays of quarkonia and
single jets, we evaluate a possible trigger strategy for Pb+Pb running that
relies on event selection solely in the High-Level Trigger (HLT). The study is
based on measurements of the timing performance of the offline algorithms and
event-size distributions using full simulations. Using a trigger simulation
chain, we compare the physics reach for the jet and dimuon channels using
online selection in the HLT to minimum bias running. The results demonstrate
the crucial role the HLT will play for CMS heavy-ion physics.


title: Fluctuations and Correlations in STAR

abstract:
  The study of correlations and fluctuations can provide evidence for the
production of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion
collisions. Various theories predict that the production of a QGP phase in
relativistic heavy ion collisions could produce significant event-by-event
correlations and fluctuations in, transverse momentum, multiplicity, etc. Some
of the recent results using STAR at RHIC will be presented along with results
from other experiments at RHIC. The focus is on forward-backward multiplicity
correlations, balance function, charge and transverse momentum fluctuations,
and correlations.


title: Measurement of the dp -->3He eta reaction near threshold

abstract:
  Total and differential cross sections for the dp --> 3He eta reaction have
been measured near threshold for 3He center-of-mass momenta in the range from
17.1 MeV/c to 87.5 MeV/c. The data were taken during a slow ramping of the COSY
internal deuteron beam scattered on a proton target detecting the 3He ejectiles
with the COSY-11 facility. The forward-backward asymmetries of the differential
cross sections deviate clearly from zero for center-of-mass momenta above 50
MeV/c indicating the presence of higher partial waves in the final state. Below
50 MeV/c center-of-mass momenta a fit of the final state enhancement factor to
the data of the total cross sections results in the 3He eta scattering length
of a = |2.9 +/- 0.6| + i (3.2 +/- 0.4) fm.


title:
New results and perspectives on R_{AA} measurements below 20 GeV
  CM-energy at fixed target machines

abstract:
  Transverse momentum spectra of pi^{+/-} at midrapidity are measured at high
p_T in p+p and p+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon beam energy by the NA49
experiment. This study is complementary to our previous results on the same
spectra from Pb+Pb collisions. The nuclear modification factors R_{A+A/p+p},
R_{p+A/p+p} and R_{A+A/p+A} as a function of p_T are extracted and compared to
RHIC measurements, thus providing insight into the energy dependence of nuclear
modification. The modification factor R_{A+A/p+A} proved to be consistent with
our previous results on the central to peripheral modification factor R_{CP}.
  The limitation of our current p_T range is discussed and planned future
upgrades are outlined. Some aspects of the FAIR-CBM experiment are also
presented as a natural future continuation of the measurements at very high
p_T.


title: Quarkonia Measurements with the Central Detectors of ALICE

abstract:
  A Large Ion Collider Experiment - ALICE will become operational with the
startup of the Large Hadron Collider - LHC at the end of 2007. One focus of the
physics program is the measurement of quarkonia in proton-proton and lead-lead
collisions. Quarkonia states will be measured in two kinematic regions and
channels: di-muonic decays will be measured in the forward region by the muon
arm, the central part of the detector will measure di-electronic decays. The
presented studies show the expected performance of the di-electron measurement
in proton-proton and central lead-lead collisions.


title:
Measurement of the multi-hadron decays of omega, Ks and eta-mesons in
  heavy ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV in the PHENIX experiment at
  RHIC

abstract:
  The PHENIX experiment at RHIC measured $\omega$, $\eta$ and $K_{S}^{0}$-meson
production at high $p_{T}$ in $p+p$, $d+Au$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ $GeV$. Measurements performed in different hadronic decay
channels give consistent results. The measured ratios of all three mesons to
$\pi^{0}$ are found to be flat as a function of $p_{T}$ in $p+p$ collisions and
equal to $\omega/\pi^{0}=0.81\pm0.02\pm0.07$, $\eta/\pi^{0}=0.48\pm0.02\pm0.02$
and $K_{S}^{0}/\pi^{0}=0.45\pm0.01\pm0.05$. Nuclear modification factor
measured for $\omega$-mesons in central Au+Au collisions is
$R_{AA}=0.4\pm0.15$.


title: Identical Meson Interferometry in STAR Experiment

abstract:
  The influence of Bose-Einstein statistics on multi-particle production
characterized for various systems and energies by the STAR collaboration
provides interesting information about the space-time dynamics of relativistic
heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. We present the centrality and transverse mass
dependence measurements of the two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 62.4 GeV and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ =
62.4 GeV and 200 GeV. We compare the new data with previous STAR measurements
from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV. In all
systems and centralities, HBT radii decrease with transverse mass in a similar
manner, which is qualitatively consistent with collective flow.The scaling of
the apparent freeze-out volume with the number of participants and charged
particle multiplicity is studied. Measurements of Au+Au collisions at same
centralities and different energies yield different freeze-out volumes, which
mean that $N_{part}$ is not a suitable scaling variable. The multiplicity
scaling of the measured HBT radii is found to be independent of colliding
system and collision energy.


title:
Mapping out the jet correlation landscape: a perspective from PHENIX
  experiment

abstract:
  This is a status report on where PHENIX stands in terms of mapping out the
landscape of jet correlation in $p_T$, hadron species, $\sqrt{s}$. We discuss
separately high $p_T$ correlation results and low and intermediate $p_T$
correlation results. The former is sensitive to the quenching of the jet by
medium, the later allows detailed study of the medium response to the (di-)jet.


title:
Evolution of the Away-Side Jet Shapes in pi0-h Correlations in 200 GeV
  Au+Au Collisions with RHIC-PHENIX

abstract:
  Two-particle azimuthal correlations have allowed detailed study of the
modification to di-jets in the hot, dense medium created in RHIC collisions.
Light can be shed by such correlations on many novel effects discovered at RHIC
such as the enhanced p/pi ratio and conical structure of events with energy
loss. Using pi0 triggers to reduce the effect of recombination we utilize
high-pT correlations to explore the away-side structure.


title:
Projectile fragmentation reactions and production of nuclei near the
  neutron drip-line

abstract:
  The reaction mechanism of projectile fragmentation at intermediate energies
has been investigated observing the target dependence of the production cross
sections of very neutron-rich nuclei. Measurement of longitudinal momentum
distributions of projectile-like fragments within a wide range of fragment mass
and its charge was performed using a hundred-MeV/n $^{40}$Ar beam incident on
Be and Ta targets. By measurement of fragment momentum distribution, a
parabolic mass dependence of momentum peak shift was observed in the results of
both targets, and a phenomenon of light-fragment acceleration was found only in
the Be-target data. The analysis of production cross sections revealed an
obvious enhancement of the target dependence except target size effect when the
neutron excess is increased. This result implies the breakdown of factorization
(BOF) of production cross sections for very neutron-rich nuclei near the drip
line.


title: Existence of long-lived isotopes of a superheavy element in natural Au

abstract:
  Evidence for the existence of long-lived isotopes with atomic mass numbers
261 and 265 and abundance of (1-10)x10$^{-10}$ relative to Au has been found in
a study of natural Au using an inductively coupled plasma - sector field mass
spectrometer. The measured masses fit the predictions made for the masses of
$^{261}$Rg and $^{265}$Rg (Z=111) and for some isotopes of nearby elements.
  The possibility that these isotopes belong to the recently discovered class
of long-lived high spin super- and hyperdeformed isomeric states is discussed.


title: Measurement of Propagation Time Dispersion in a Scintillator

abstract:
  One contribution to the time resolution of a scintillation detector is the
signal time spread due to path length variations of the detected photons from a
point source. In an experimental study a rectangular scintillator was excited
by means of a fast pulsed ultraviolet laser at different positions along its
longitudinal axis. Timing measurements with a photomultiplier tube in a
detection plane displaced from the scintillator end face showed a correlation
between signal time and tube position indicating only a small distortion of
photon angles during transmission. The data is in good agreement with a Monte
Carlo simulation used to compute the average photon angle with respect to the
detection plane and the average propagation time. Limitations on timing
performance that arise from propagation time dispersion are expected for long
and thin scintillators used in future particle identification systems.


title: ALICE potential for Heavy-Flavour Physics

abstract:
  Heavy Quarks will be abundantly produced in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC
energies. Both, the production of open heavy flavoured mesons and quarkonia
will probe the strongly interacting medium created in these reactions. In
particular, the ALICE detector will be able to measure heavy flavour production
down to low transverse momentum, combining leptonic and hadronic channels,
covering a large rapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$ and $-4<\eta<-2.5$. In this talk
we will present the main physics motivations for the study of heavy flavour
production at LHC energies and some examples of physics analyses developed by
the heavy flavour working group of ALICE.


title:
Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at
  $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 Gev

abstract:
  The study of correlations among particles produced in different rapidity
regions may provide understanding of the mechanisms of particle production.
Correlations that extend over a longer range are observed in hadron-hadron
interactions only at higher energies. Results for short and long-range
multiplicity correlations (Forward-Backward) are presented for Au+Au collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The growth of long range correlations are
observed as a function of the pseudorapidity gap in central Au+Au collisions.
The Dual Parton model and Color Glass Condensate phenomenology have been
explored to understand the origin of long range correlations.


title:
Energy and System Size Dependence Study of the Percolation Phase
  Transition

abstract:
  Multiparticle production at high energies is described in terms of color
strings stretched between the projectile and target. As the string density
increases, overlap in the transverse plane leads to cluster formation. At some
critical density a macroscopic cluster appears, spanning the entire system.
This marks the percolation phase transition. Data from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200
GeV p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC has been analyzed using the STAR
detector to obtain the percolation density parameter, $\eta$. The particle
p$_{T}$ spectrum from 200 GeV p+p data is parameterized using a power law.
Values of the fit parameters are used in the d+Au and Au+Au analysis. For 200
GeV Au+Au collisions, the value of $\eta$ is found to lie above the critical
percolation threshold, while for other collision systems and energies, it is
below the critical value. This supports the idea of string percolation, which
at high enough string density is a possible mechanism to explore the hadronic
phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma.


title:
Energy Dependence of Short and Long-Range Multiplicity Correlations in
  Au+Au Collisions from STAR

abstract:
  A general overview of the measurement of long-range multiplicity correlations
measured by the STAR experiment in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is presented. The
presence of long-range correlations can provide insight into the early stages,
and the type of matter produced in, these collisions. These measurements have
been made in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV. These
results indicate a relatively large long-range correlation is produced in Au+Au
collisions compared to a {\it pp} baseline at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. A
weaker long-range correlation is seen as a function of incident energy.
Further, comparison of the onset of the long-range correlation to the
calculated percolation density parameter at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV is
presented.


title:
Simulation of Jet Quenching Observables in Heavy Ion Collisions at the
  LHC

abstract:
  Large transverse momentum jets provide unique tools to study dense QCD matter
in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Results from RHIC on suppression of high
transverse momentum particles in Au+Au collisions indicate a significant energy
loss of leading partons in the dense and strongly interacting matter formed in
these collisions. The LHC will collide Pb ions at sqrt(s_NN)=5500 GeV, where
the cross section of hard scattering will increase dramatically. Large
production rates, the large acceptance of the CMS calorimeters and tracking
system, combined with the capability of triggering on jets, will extend the
transverse momentum reach of charged particle spectra and nuclear modification
factors up to p_T>200 GeV/c.


title: Multiplicity Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

abstract:
  In the PHOBOS experiment, charged particles are measured in almost the full
solid angle. This enables the study of fluctuations and correlations in the
particle production over a very wide kinematic range. In this paper, we show
results of a direct search for fluctuations identified by an unusual shape of
the pseudorapidity distribution. In addition, we use analysis of correlations
of the multiplicity in similar pseudorapidity bins, placed symmetrically in the
forward and backward hemispheres, to test the hypothesis of production of
particles in clusters.


title:
Comparison of Isoscalar Vector Meson Production Cross Sections in
  Proton-Proton Collisions

abstract:
  The reaction $ pp\to pp\bf \omega$ was investigated with the TOF
spectrometer, which is an external experiment at the accelerator COSY
(Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, Germany). Total as well as differential cross
sections were determined at an excess energy of $93 MeV$ ($p_{beam}=2950
MeV/c$). Using the total cross section of $(9.0\pm 0.7 \pm1.1) \mu b$ for the
reaction $ pp\to pp\omega$ determined here and existing data for the reaction
$pp\to pp\bf \phi$, the ratio
$\mathcal{R}_{\phi/\omega}=\sigma_\phi/\sigma_\omega$ turns out to be
significantly larger than expected by the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule. The
uncertainty of this ratio is considerably smaller than in previous
determinations. The differential distributions show that the $\omega$
production is still dominated by S-wave production at this excess energy,
however higher partial waves clearly contribute. A comparison of the measured
angular distributions for $\omega$ production to published distributions for
$\phi$ production at $83 MeV$ shows that the data are consistent with an
identical production mechanism for both vector mesons.


title: Measuring Photons and Neutrons at Zero Degrees in CMS

abstract:
  The CMS Zero Degree Calorimeters, ZDCs, will measure photons and neutrons
emitted with |eta|> 8.6 from Pb+Pb, p+Pb and p+p collisions at sqrt(Snn)=5.5,
8.8 and 14 TeV respectively. The calorimeter consists of an electromagnetic
part segmented in the horizontal direction and an hadronic part segmented into
four units in depth. In addition CMS will have access to data from a segmented
shower maximum detector being built for luminosity measurements. We will
present detailed results from tests beam measurements taken at the CERN SPS.
These data will be used to extrapolate the utility of the ZDCs to measure
photons, and possibly pi0s in p+p and ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions.
Data from the hadronic section can be used to estimate the number of
participants in heavy ion-collisions. In addition we will discuss plans to use
the detector to measure the reaction plane, thereby extending the sensitivity
of the central detectors in CMS.


title:
Inclusive Pseudorapidity Distributions in p(d)+A Collisions Modeled With
  Shifted Rapidity Distributions

abstract:
  We study the recent PHOBOS data on the pseudorapidity density of inclusive
charged particles in centrality-binned d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV.
It appears that one can understand the increasing forward-backward asymmetry in
the data by assuming that the entire distribution "shifts" backwards in
rapidity according to the initial-state kinematics, while the total
multiplicity scales linearly with Npart/2. Two models are explored, both of
which achieve a reasonable description of the available data for rapidities
sufficiently far from the pro jectiles (|eta|< 3 at the top RHIC energy). One
model uses PYTHIA as the underlying distribution, to allow a straightforward
mapping of a rapidity shift back to pseudorapidity space. The other model is a
simple analytic calculation based on functions inspired by Landau's
hydrodynamical model. The apparent success of these simple pictures to describe
the bulk of particle production over |eta|< 3 suggests that collective effects
may be present even in the "small" systems created in p+p and d+Au reactions,
active over the full rapidity range. The relationship between this and other
theoretical approaches are discussed.


title: Heavy Quark Measurements by Single Electrons in the PHENIX Experiment

abstract:
  Transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) distribution of electrons for
$0.3<p_\mathrm{T}<9.0$ GeV/$c$ have been measured in midrapidity
($|\eta|<0.35$) in Au + Au collisions and $p$ + $p$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV by the RHIC-PHENIX experiment. Two methods for
background subtraction were applied to determine the electron yield from open
charm and bottom decays. The nuclear modification factor was calculated, and
significant suppression at high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ was observed in Au + Au
collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks in the dense
medium.


title:
Centrality Dependence of $J/\psi$ Production in Au+Au and Cu+Cu
  Collisions by the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC

abstract:
  $J/\psi$ production has been measured in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) during 2004 and 2005, respectively, at mid-rapidity
($|\eta| \le$ 0.35) via $J/\psi$ $\to$ $e^{+}e^{-}$ decay and at forward
rapidity (1.2 $\le | \eta | \le$ 2.2) via $J/\psi$ $\to$ $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$
decay. The nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) of $J/\psi$ is presented as a
function of the collision centrality for Au+Au collisions (final results) and
Cu+Cu collisions (preliminary results) in both rapidity windows. These results
are compared to SPS results at lower energy and to various theoretical
calculations.


title: Open charm reconstruction in ALICE: ${\rm D^+\to K^-\pi^+\pi^+}$

abstract:
  Open charm mesons produced in high energy A-A interactions are expected to be
powerful probes to investigate the medium produced in the collision. In this
context it is important to measure the production of as many charmed hadrons as
possible, such as D$^0$, D$^+$, D$^+_s$ and $\Lambda_c$, because the
measurement of their relative yield can provide information on the
hadronization mechanism and is necessary to reduce the systematic error on the
absolute cross section. The ALICE experiment at the LHC is designed to perform
such measurements at midrapidity down to $p_T$ below 1 GeV/c, mainly by means
of the silicon vertex and tracker detector, the time projection chamber and the
time of flight detector. One of the main channels for the detection of charm
production in ALICE is the exclusive reconstruction of the D$^+$ meson through
its three charged body decay $K^-\pi^+\pi^+$ in Pb-Pb ($\sqrt s=5.5$ TeV) and
pp ($\sqrt s=14$ TeV) collisions. The selection strategies for this analysis
and the results of a feasibility study on Monte Carlo events will be presented
together with the perspectives for the study of D$^+$ quenching and azimuthal
anisotropy measurements.


title:
Evidence for a backward peak in the gamma+d->pi^0+d cross section near
  the eta threshold

abstract:
  High-quality cross sections for the reaction gamma+d->pi^0+d have been
measured using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab over a wide energy range near and
above the eta-meson photoproduction threshold. At backward c.m. angles for the
outgoing pions, we observe a resonance-like structure near E_gamma=700 MeV. Our
model analysis shows that it can be explained by eta excitation in the
intermediate state. The effect is the result of the contribution of the
N(1535)S_11 resonance to the amplitudes of the subprocesses occurring between
the two nucleons and of a two-step process in which the excitation of an
intermediate eta meson dominates.


title: 16O(e,e'p) reaction at large missing energy

abstract:
  We investigate the origin of the strength at large missing energies in
electron-induced proton knockout reactions. For that purpose the reaction
16O(e,e'p) was studied at a central value omega=210 MeV of the energy transfer,
and two values of the momentum transfer: q=300, 400 MeV/c, corresponding to the
"dip region". Differential cross sections were determined in a large range of
missing energy (Em=0-140 MeV) and proton emission angle (gamma_pq =0-110 deg),
and compared to predictions of a model that includes nucleon-nucleon
short-range correlations and two-body currents. It is observed that, in the
kinematic domain covered by this experiment, the largest contribution to the
cross section stems from two-body currents, while short-range correlations
contribute a significant fraction


title:
Two- and three-particle azimuthal correlations of high-pt charged
  hadrons in Pb-Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

abstract:
  Azimuthal correlations of hadrons with high transverse momenta serve as a
measure to study the energy loss and the fragmentation pattern of jets emerging
from hard parton-parton interactions in heavy ion collisions. Preliminary
results from the CERES experiment on two- and three-particle correlations in
central Pb-Au collisions are presented. A strongly non-Gaussian shape on the
away-side of the two-particle correlation function is observed, indicating
significant interactions of the emerging partons with the medium. Mechanisms
like deflection of the initial partons or the evolution of a mach cone in the
medium can lead to similar modifications of the jet structure on the away-side.
An analysis based on three-particle correlations is presented which helps to
shed light on the origin of the observed away-side pattern.


title:
Methods for Jet Studies and Search for Conical Emission with
  Three-Particle Correlations

abstract:
  We present a method based on three-particle azimuthal correlation cumulants
for the study of the interaction of jets with the medium produced in heavy ion
collisions at RHIC and LHC usable whenever jets cannot be reconstructed on an
event-by-event basis with conventional jet finding algorithms. The method
yields a model independent correlation function which may be used to study jet
structure or search for new phenomena such as conical emission.


title: Search for Conical Emission with Three-Particle Correlations

abstract:
  We present preliminary STAR results on 3-particle azimuthal angle correlation
studies in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The studies are
carried out at mid-rapidity between a trigger particle with 3 $\le p_{\perp}
\le$ 4 GeV/c and two associated particles in 1 $\le p_{\perp} \le $ 2 GeV/c. A
cumulant analysis reveals finite 3-particle azimuthal correlations, dominated
by near and away side particle correlations consistent with jet production, and
jet-flow correlations. We use a two-component model to remove underlying
background correlations. This analysis indicates the presence of the conical
emission signals in central Au+Au collisions within the model assumptions about
background composition and normalization.


title:
First direct observation of two protons in the decay of $^{45}$Fe with a
  TPC

abstract:
  The decay of the ground-state two-proton emitter 45Fe was studied with a
time-projection chamber and the emission of two protons was unambiguously
identified. The total decay energy and the half-life measured in this work
agree with the results from previous experiments. The present result
constitutes the first direct observation of the individual protons in the
two-proton decay of a long-lived ground-state emitter. In parallel, we
identified for the first time directly two-proton emission from 43Cr, a known
beta-delayed two-proton emitter. The technique developped in the present work
opens the way to a detailed study of the mechanism of ground-state as well as
beta-delayed two-proton radioactivity.


title: Radiochemical solar neutrino experiments

abstract:
  Radiochemical experiments have been crucial to solar neutrino research. Even
today, they provide the only direct measurement of the rate of the
proton-proton fusion reaction, p + p --> d + e^+ + nu_e, which generates most
of the Sun's energy. We first give a little history of radiochemical solar
neutrino experiments with emphasis on the gallium experiment SAGE -- the only
currently operating detector of this type. The combined result of all data from
the Ga experiments is a capture rate of 67.6 +/- 3.7 SNU. For comparison to
theory, we use the calculated flux at the Sun from a standard solar model, take
into account neutrino propagation from the Sun to the Earth and the results of
neutrino source experiments with Ga, and obtain 67.3 ^{+3.9}_{-3.5} SNU. Using
the data from all solar neutrino experiments we calculate an electron neutrino
pp flux at the earth of (3.41 ^{+0.76}_{-0.77}) x 10^{10}/(cm^2-s), which
agrees well with the prediction from a detailed solar model of (3.30 ^{+0.13}
_{-0.14}) x 10^{10}/(cm^2-s). Four tests of the Ga experiments have been
carried out with very intense reactor-produced neutrino sources and the ratio
of observed to calculated rates is 0.88 +/- 0.05. One explanation for this
unexpectedly low result is that the cross section for neutrino capture by the
two lowest-lying excited states in 71Ge has been overestimated. We end with
consideration of possible time variation in the Ga experiments and an
enumeration of other possible radiochemical experiments that might have been.


title:
First measurement of coherent $\phi$-meson photoproduction on deuteron
  at low energies

abstract:
  The cross section and decay angular distributions for the coherent \phi meson
photoproduction on the deuteron have been measured for the first time up to a
squared four-momentum transfer t =(p_{\gamma}-p_{\phi})^2 =-2 GeV^2/c^2, using
the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The
cross sections are compared with predictions from a re-scattering model. In a
framework of vector meson dominance, the data are consistent with the total
\phi-N cross section \sigma_{\phi N} at about 10 mb. If vector meson dominance
is violated, a larger \sigma_{\phi N} is possible by introducing larger t-slope
for the \phi N \to \phi N process than that for the \gamma N \to \phi N
process. The decay angular distributions of the \phi are consistent with
helicity conservation.


title:
Excitation functions of baryon anomaly and freeze-out properties at
  RHIC-PHENIX

abstract:
  The intermediate $p_T$ region (2 - 5 GeV/$c$) in central Au+Au collisions at
RHIC has a rich physics content. The (anti)proton to pion ratio at the
intermediate $p_T$ gives us a powerful tool to investigate the bulk properties
of the hot and dense matter created at RHIC and their hadronization processes.
We present the preliminary results of identified charged hadron spectra at the
lower beam energies at RHIC. The excitation function of (anti)proton to pion
ratios from SPS to RHIC are shown. We also discuss the onset of the baryon
enhancement at the high energy heavy ion collisions.


title:
Competition between normal and intruder states inside the "Island of
  Inversion"

abstract:
  The beta decay of the exotic 30Ne (N=20) is reported. For the first time, the
low-energy level structure of the N=19, 30Na (Tz = 4), is obtained from
beta-delayed gamma spectroscopy using fragment-beta-gamma-gamma coincidences.
The level structure clearly displays "inversion", i.e., intruder states with
mainly 2p2h configurations displacing the normal states to higher excitation
energies. The good agreement in excitation energies and the weak and
electromagnetic decay patterns with Monte Carlo Shell Model calculations with
the SDPF-M interaction in the sdpf valence space illustrates the small d3/2 -
f7/2 shell gap. The relative position of the "normal dominant" and "intruder
dominant" excited states provides valuable information to understand better the
N=20 shell gap.


title:
Charged particle distributions and nuclear modification at high
  rapidities in d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

abstract:
  The measurements of the centrality dependence of $dN/d\eta$ and transverse
momentum spectra from mid- to forward rapidity in d+Au collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =$ 200 GeV are reported. They provide a sensitive tool
for understanding the dynamics of multi-particle production in the high
parton-density regime. In particular, we observe strong suppression of the
nuclear modification factor $R_{CP}$ at forward rapidities (d-side, $\eta$ =
3.1) and enhancement at backward rapidity ($\eta$ = $-$3.1). An empirical
scaling is obtained for multiplicity and $R_{CP}$ when a shift of the
center-of-mass in the asymmetric d+Au collisions with respect to the
nucleon-nucleon system is applied.


title:
Precise atomic masses of neutron-rich Br and Rb nuclei close to the
  r-process path

abstract:
  The Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP, coupled to the Ion-Guide Isotope
Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility at Jyvaskyla, was employed to measure the
atomic masses of neutron rich 85 to 92Br and 94 to 97Rb isotopes with a typical
accuracy less than 10 keV. Discrepancies with the older data are discussed.
Comparison to different mass models is presented. Details of nuclear structure,
shell and subshell closures are investigated by studying the two-neutron
separation energy and the shell gap energy.


title: Precision mass measurements of radioactive nuclei at JYFLTRAP

abstract:
  The Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP was used to measure the atomic
masses of radioactive nuclei with an uncertainty better than 10 keV. The atomic
masses of the neutron-deficient nuclei around the N = Z line were measured to
improve the understanding of the rp-process path and the SbSnTe cycle.
Furthermore, the masses of the neutron-rich gallium (Z = 31) to palladium (Z =
46) nuclei have been measured. The physics impacts on the nuclear structure and
the r-process paths are reviewed. A better understanding of the nuclear
deformation is presented by studying the pairing energy around A = 100.


title: The pixel Fast-OR signal for the ALICE trigger in p-p collisions

abstract:
  The silicon pixel detector of the ALICE experiment at LHC comprises the two
innermost layers of the inner tracking system of the apparatus. It contains
1200 readout chips, each of them corresponding to a 8192 pixel matrix. The
single chip outputs a digital Fast-OR signal which is active whenever at least
one of the pixels in the matrix records a hit. The 1200 Fast-OR output signals
can be used to implement a unique triggering capability: few details on the
pixel trigger system and some of the possible applications for p-p collisions
are presented.


title: New limits on the $\beta^{+}$EC and ECEC processes in $^{120}$Te

abstract:
  New limits on the double beta processes for $^{120}$Te have been obtained
using a 400 cm$^3$ HPGe detector and a source consisting of natural Te0$_2$
powder. At a confidence level of 90% the limits are $0.19\times 10^{18}$ y for
the $\beta^+$EC$(0\nu + 2\nu)$ transition to the ground state, $0.75\times
10^{18}$ y for the ECEC$(0\nu + 2\nu)$ transition to the first 2$^+$ excited
state of $^{120}$Sn (1171.26 keV) and $(0.19-0.6)\times 10^{18}$ y for
different ECEC($0\nu$) captures to the ground state of $^{120}$Sn.


title:
Shape and structure of N=Z 64Ge; Electromagnetic transition rates from
  the application of the Recoil Distance Method to knock-out reaction

abstract:
  Transition rate measurements are reported for the first and the second 2+
states in N=Z 64Ge. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with
large-scale Shell Model calculations applying the recently developed GXPF1A
interactions. Theoretical analysis suggests that 64Ge is a collective
gamma-soft anharmonic vibrator. The measurement was done using the Recoil
Distance Method (RDM) and a unique combination of state-of-the-art instruments
at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). States of interest
were populated via an intermediate-energy single-neutron knock-out reaction.
RDM studies of knock-out and fragmentation reaction products hold the promise
of reaching far from stability and providing lifetime information for excited
states in a wide range of nuclei.


title:
Radial position of single-site gamma-ray interactions from a parametric
  pulse shape analysis of germanium detector signals

abstract:
  Pulse shape analysis of germanium gamma-ray spectrometer signals can yield
information on the radial position of individual gamma-ray interactions within
the germanium crystal. A parametric pulse shape analysis based on calculation
of moments of the reconstructed current pulses from a closed-ended coaxial
germanium detector is used to preferentially select single-site gamma-ray
interactions. The double escape peak events from the 2614.5 keV gamma-ray of
208-Tl are used as a training set to optimize the single-site event selection
region in the pulse shape parameter space. A collimated source of 320.1 keV
gamma-rays from 51-Cr is used to scan different radial positions of the same
semi-coaxial germanium detector. The previously trained single-site selection
region is used to preferentially identify the single-site photoelectric
absorption events from the 320.1 keV full-energy peak. From the identified
events, a comparison of the pulse shape parameter space distributions between
different scan positions allows radial interaction location information to be
collected.


title:
Investigation of Proton-Proton Short-Range Correlations via the
  12C(e,e'pp) Reaction

abstract:
  We investigated simultaneously the 12C(e,e'p) and 12C(e,e'pp) reactions at Q2
= 2 [GeV/c]2, x_B = 1.2, and in an (e,e'p) missing-momentum range from 300 to
600 MeV/c. At these kinematics, with a missing-momentum greater than the Fermi
momentum of nucleons in a nucleus and far from the delta excitation,
short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations are predicted to dominate the
reaction. For(9.5 +/- 2)% of the 12C(e,e'p) events, a recoiling partner proton
was observed back-to-back to the 12C(e,e'p) missing momentum vector, an
experimental signature of correlations.


title:
Elliptic flow for phi mesons and (anti)deuterons in Au+Au collisions at
  sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

abstract:
  Differential elliptic flow (v_2) for phi mesons and (anti)deuterons (d^bar)d
is measured for Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The v_2 for phi
mesons follows the trend of lighter pi^+/- and K^+/- mesons, suggesting that
ordinary hadrons interacting with standard hadronic cross sections are not the
primary driver for elliptic flow development. The v_2 values for (d^bar)d
suggest that elliptic flow is additive for composite particles. This further
validation of the universal scaling of v_2 per constituent quark for baryons
and mesons suggests that partonic collectivity dominates the transverse
expansion dynamics.


title: PHENIX Studies of the Scaling Properties of Elliptic Flow at RHIC

abstract:
  Recent PHENIX elliptic flow ($v_2$) measurements for identified particles
produced in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV are presented
and compared to other RHIC measurements. They indicate universal scaling of
$v_2$ compatible with partonic collectivity leading to the flow of light,
strange and heavy quarks with a common expansion velocity field.


title: G$^0$ Electronics and Data Acquisition (Forward-Angle Measurements)

abstract:
  The G$^0$ parity-violation experiment at Jefferson Lab (Newport News, VA) is
designed to determine the contribution of strange/anti-strange quark pairs to
the intrinsic properties of the proton. In the forward-angle part of the
experiment, the asymmetry in the cross section was measured for $\vec{e}p$
elastic scattering by counting the recoil protons corresponding to the two
beam-helicity states. Due to the high accuracy required on the asymmetry, the
G$^0$ experiment was based on a custom experimental setup with its own
associated electronics and data acquisition (DAQ) system. Highly specialized
time-encoding electronics provided time-of-flight spectra for each detector for
each helicity state. More conventional electronics was used for monitoring
(mainly FastBus). The time-encoding electronics and the DAQ system have been
designed to handle events at a mean rate of 2 MHz per detector with low
deadtime and to minimize helicity-correlated systematic errors. In this paper,
we outline the general architecture and the main features of the electronics
and the DAQ system dedicated to G$^0$ forward-angle measurements.


title:
System size and energy dependence of high pT hadron production measured
  with PHENIX experiment at RHIC

abstract:
  PHENIX has measured high transverse momentum (pT) identified hadrons in
different collision species and energies in the last five RHIC runs. The
systematic study of the high pT hadron production provides an idea on
interaction of hard scattered partons and the matter created in relativistic
heavy ion collision. The eta/pi0 ratio is measured in Au+Au collisions, which
gives a hint on the system thermalization and particle production. A future
measurement of hadron and photon measurement is discussed.


title: Precision X-ray measurements on kaonic atoms at LNF

abstract:
  After the successfully performed DEAR experiment at DAFNE - resulting in the
most precise data on the hadronic shift and width in kaonic hydrogen up-to-now
- the next step will be the measurement at the percent level using new X-ray
detectors. These detectors (silicon drift detectors) are developed within the
SIDDHARTA project. The asynchronous background will be suppressed using the
time correlation between the kaon and the X-ray by 2-3 orders of magnitude.
These measurements will lead to precise values of the isospin-dependent
antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths, thus opening a new insight in the
low-energy kaon nucleon interaction.


title: Dressed Spin of Helium-3

abstract:
  We report a measurement of dressed-spin effects of polarized 3He atoms from a
cold atomic source traversing a region of constant magnetic field B0 and a
transverse oscillatory dressing field Bd cos(omega * t). The observed effects
are compared with a numerical simulation using the Bloch equation as well as a
calculation based on the dressed-atom formalism. An application of the dressed
spin of 3He for a proposed neutron electric dipole moment measurement is also
discussed.


title: J/$\psi$ production in In-In and p-A collisions

abstract:
  The NA60 experiment studies dimuon production in In-In and p-A collisions at
the CERN SPS. We report recent results on \jpsi production, measured through
its muon pair decay. As a function of centrality, we show that in In-In the
\jpsi yield is suppressed beyond expectations from nuclear absorption. We
present also for the first time results on \jpsi production in p-A collisions
at 158 GeV, the same energy of the nucleus-nucleus data. For both p-A and In-In
we show preliminary results on \psip suppression. Finally, we have studied the
kinematical distributions of the \jpsi produced in In-In collisions. We present
results on transverse momentum and rapidity, as well as on the angular
distribution of the \jpsi decay products.


title: Multipole Extraction: A novel, model independent method

abstract:
  A novel method for extracting multipole amplitudes in the nucleon resonance
region from electroproduction data is presented. The method is based on
statistical concepts and it relies heavily on Monte Carlo and simulation
techniques; it produces precise identification and determination of the
contributing multipole amplitudes in the resonance region and for the first
time a rigorous determination of the associated experimental uncertainty. The
results are demonstrated to be independent of any model bias. The method is
applied in the reanalysis of the $Q^{2}=0.127 GeV^2/c^2$ Bates and Mainz $N\to
\Delta$ data.


title: The Future of Quark Matter at RHIC

abstract:
  Projected annual results for heavy particle and high-p_{T} correlation
studies at future RHICII luminosities.


title:
Partonic flow and $\phi$-meson production in Au+Au collisions at
  $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

abstract:
  We present first measurements of the $\phi$-meson elliptic flow
($v_{2}(p_{T})$) and high statistics $p_{T}$ distributions for different
centralities from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. In
minimum bias collisions the $v_{2}$ of the $\phi$ meson is consistent with the
trend observed for mesons. The ratio of the yields of the $\Omega$ to those of
the $\phi$ as a function of transverse momentum is consistent with a model
based on the recombination of thermal $s$ quarks up to $p_{T}\sim 4$ GeV/$c$,
but disagrees at higher momenta. The nuclear modification factor ($R_{CP}$) of
$\phi$ follows the trend observed in the $K^{0}_{S}$ mesons rather than in
$\Lambda$ baryons, supporting baryon-meson scaling. Since $\phi$-mesons are
made via coalescence of seemingly thermalized $s$ quarks in central Au+Au
collisions, the observations imply hot and dense matter with partonic
collectivity has been formed at RHIC.


title:
Forward coherent $\phi$-meson photoproduction from deuterons near
  threshold

abstract:
  Differential cross sections and decay asymmetries for coherent $\phi$-meson
photoproduction from deuterons were measured for the first time at forward
angles using linearly polarized photons at $E_{\gamma}$= 1.5-2.4 GeV. This
reaction offers a unique way to directly access natural-parity Pomeron dynamics
and gluon exchange at low energies. The cross sections at zero degrees increase
with increasing photon energy. The decay asymmetries demonstrate a complete
dominance of natural-parity exchange processes, showing that isovector
unnatural-parity $\pi$-meson exchange is small. Nevertheless the deduced cross
sections of $\phi$-mesons from nucleons contributed by isoscalar t-channel
exchange processes are not well described by the conventional Pomeron model.


title:
Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natW up to
  40 MeV

abstract:
  Excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186Re
and 183,184Ta radionuclides from proton bombardment on natural tungsten were
measured using the stacked-foil activation technique for the proton energies up
to 40 MeV. A new data set has been given for the formation of the investigated
radionuclides. Results are in good agreement with the earlier reported
experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code.
The thick target integral yields were also deduced from the measured excitation
functions. The deduced yield values were compared with the directly measured
thick target yield (TTY), and found acceptable agreement. The investigated
radionuclide 186Re has remarkable applications in the field of nuclear
medicine, whereas the data of 183,184gRe and 183Ta have potential applications
in thin layer activation analysis and biomedical tracer studies, respectively.


title: K^0 and \Lambda production in Ni + Ni collisions near threshold

abstract:
  New results concerning the production of neutral strange particles, $K^0$ and
$\Lambda$ in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.93$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector
at GSI-Darmstadt, are presented. Rapidity density distributions and Boltzmann
slope parameter distributions are measured in nearly the full phase space of
the reaction. The observables are compared to existing $K^+$ and proton data.
While the $K^0$ data agree with previously reported $K^+$ measurements, the
$\Lambda$ distributions show a different behavior relative to that of protons.
The strangeness balance and the production yield per participating nucleon as a
function of the centrality of the reaction are discussed, for the first time at
SIS energies.


title: Double pion photoproduction off 40Ca

abstract:
  The photoproduction of pi0pi0 and pi0pi+/- pairs off 40Ca has been
investigated with the TAPS detector using the Glasgow photon tagging
spectrometer at the Mainz MAMI accelerator. Data have been taken for incident
photon energies in the energy range from 200 - 820 MeV. Total cross sections
have been extracted from threshold up to the maximum photon energy and
invariant mass distributions of the pion pairs have been obtained for incident
photon energies between 400 - 500 MeV and 500 - 550 MeV. The double pi0
invariant mass distributions show some relative enhancement with respect to the
mixed charge channel at small invariant masses. The effects are smaller than
previously observed for lead nuclei and the distributions do not significantly
deviate from carbon data. The data are in good agreement with the results of
recent calculations in the framework of the BUU model, with careful treatment
of final state interaction effects but without an explicit in-medium
modification of scalar, iso-scalar pion pairs. This means that for Ca most of
the experimentally observed effect can be explained by final state
interactions. Only at low incident photon energies there is still a small low
mass enhancement of the double pi0 data over the BUU results.


title:
The Generalized Liquid Drop Model Alpha-Decay Formula: Predictability
  Analysis and Super-Heavy Element Alpha Half-Lives

abstract:
  The predictive accuracy of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) formula
for alpha decay half-lives has been investigated in a detailed manner and a
variant of the formula with improved coefficients is proposed. The method
employs the experimental alpha half-lives of the well-known alpha standards
(REFERENCE) to obtain the coefficients of the analytical formula using the
experimental Qalpha values (the DSR-E formula), as well as the finite range
droplet model (FRDM) derived Qalpha values (the FRDMFRDM formula). The
predictive accuracy of these formulae were checked against the experimental
alpha half-lives of an independent set of nuclei (TEST) that span approximately
the same Z,A region as the standards and possess reliable alpha spectroscopic
data, and were found to yield good results for the DSR-E formula but not for
the FRDM-FRDM formula. The two formulae were used to obtain the alpha
half-lives of super-heavy (SHE) and heavy nuclides where the relative accuracy
was found to markedly improve for the FRDM-FRDM, which corroborates the
appropriateness of the FRDM masses and the GLDM prescription for high Z,A
nuclides. Further improvement resulted, especially for the FRDM-FRDM formula,
after a simple linear optimization over the calculated and experimental
half-lives of TEST was used to re-calculate the half-lives of the SHE and heavy
nuclides. The advantage of this optimization was that it required no
recalculation of the coefficients of the basic DSR-E or FRDM-FRDM formulae. The
halflives for 324 medium-mass to super-heavy alpha decaying nuclides,
calculated using these formulae and the comparison with experimental
half-lives, are presented.


title:
Measurement of Non-Photonic Electron Angular Correlations with Charged
  Hadrons

abstract:
  Correlations of non-photonic electrons with charged hadrons are studied using
the PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generator in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =
200$ GeV. We propose experimental methods to estimate the relative
contributions to non-photonic electrons from charm and bottom decays. We
present the measurement of azimuthal correlations between non-photonic
electrons and charged hadrons in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
from STAR. The results are compared to PYTHIA simulations to estimate the
relative contributions of $D$ and $B$ meson semi-leptonic decays to
non-photonic electrons. Our preliminary result indicates that at $p_{T} \sim
4.0 - 6.0$ GeV/c the measured $B$ contribution to non-photonic electrons is
comparable to $D$ contribution, and is consistent with the FONLL calculation.


title:
Energy dependence of charged pion, proton and anti-proton transverse
  momentum spectra for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 and 200 GeV

abstract:
  We study the energy dependence of the transverse momentum (pT) spectra for
charged pions, protons and anti-protons for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} =
62.4 and 200 GeV. Data are presented at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) for 0.2 < pT <
12 GeV/c. In the intermediate pT region (2 < pT < 6 GeV/c), the nuclear
modification factor is higher at 62.4 GeV than at 200 GeV, while at higher pT
(pT >7 GeV/c) the modification is similar for both energies. The p/pi+ and
pbar/pi- ratios for central collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV peak at pT ~ 2
GeV/c. In the pT range where recombination is expected to dominate, the p/pi+
ratios at 62.4 GeV are larger than at 200 GeV, while the pbar/pi- ratios are
smaller. For pT > 2 GeV/c, the pbar/pi- ratios at the two beam energies are
independent of pT and centrality indicating that the dependence of the pbar/pi-
ratio on pT does not change between 62.4 and 200 GeV. These findings challenge
various models incorporating jet quenching and/or constituent quark
coalescence.


title:
PHENIX Upgrade: Novel Stripixel Detector for Heavy Quark Detection and
  Proton Spin Structure Measurements at RHIC Energies

abstract:
  New design of silicon stripixel sensor has been developed at BNL for PHENIX
upgrade. The sensor is a single-sided, DC-coupled, two dimensional position
sensitive device with good position resolution. This design is simpler for
sensor fabrication and signal processing than the conventional double-sided
strip sensor. HPK has produced pre-production stripixel sensors with thickness
of 625 um. The quality assurance tests show that the very low leakage current
0.12 nA per strip allows the use of the SVX4 chip. A long term stability test
shows that the leakage current is stable over a long period of time. The study
of the effects of irradiation on the performance of the stripixel sensor has
been made using p+p collisions at 200 GeV at PHENIX, 14 MeV neutron and 20 MeV
proton beams.


title: The Laser of the ALICE Time Projection Chamber

abstract:
  The large TPC ($95 \mathrm{m}^3$) of the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC was
commissioned in summer 2006. The first tracks were observed both from the
cosmic ray muons and from the laser rays injected into the TPC. In this article
the basic principles of operating the $266 \mathrm{nm}$ lasers are presented,
showing the installation and adjustment of the optical system and describing
the control system. To generate the laser tracks, a wide laser beam is split
into several hundred narrow beams by fixed micro-mirrors at stable and known
positions throughout the TPC. In the drift volume, these narrow beams generate
straight tracks at many angles. Here we describe the generation of the first
tracks and compare them with simulations.


title:
Measurements of total and partial charge-changing cross sections for
  200-400 MeV/nucleon 12C in water and polycarbonate

abstract:
  We have studied charged nuclear fragments produced by 200 - 400 MeV/nucleon
carbon ions, interacting with water and polycarbonate, using a newly developed
emulsion detector. Total and partial charge-changing cross sections for the
production of B, Be, and Li fragments were measured and compared with both
previously published measurements, and model predictions. This study is of
importance for validating and improving carbon ion therapy treatment planning
systems, and for estimating the radiological risks for personnel on space
missions, since carbon is a significant component of the Galactic Cosmic Rays.


title: The pp->K+ n Sigma+ reaction near threshold

abstract:
  Inclusive K+ production in proton-proton collisions has been measured at a
beam energy of 2.16 GeV using the COSY-ANKE magnetic spectrometer. The
resulting spectrum, as well as those corresponding to K+ p and K+ pi+
correlated pairs, can all be well described using consistent values of the
total cross sections for the pp->K+ p Lambda, pp->K+ p Sigma0, and pp->K+ n
Sigma+ reactions. While the resulting values for Lambda and Sigma0 production
are in good agreement with world data, our value for the total Sigma+
production cross section, sigma(pp->K+ n Sigma+) = 2.5+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.4(syst)
mkb at an excess energy of epsilon=129 MeV, could only be reconciled with other
recently published data if there were a highly unusual near--threshold
behaviour.


title:
Proton capture cross section of 106,108Cd for the astrophysical
  p-process

abstract:
  The proton capture cross sections of the two most proton rich, stable
isotopes of Cadmium have been measured for the first time in the energy range
relevant to the astrophysical p-process between Ep=2.4 and 4.7MeV. The
106Cd(p,gamma)107In and 108Cd(p,gamma)109In cross sections have been determined
using the activation technique. Highly enriched as well as natural Cd targets
have been irradiated with proton beams from both the Van de Graaff and
Cyclotron accelerators of the ATOMKI. The cross sections have been derived by
measuring the gamma-radiation following the beta-decay of the 107In and 109In
reaction products. The experimental results are presented here and are compared
with the predictions of Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations using
the NON-SMOKER code. It is found that the calculation reproduces well the
experimental data. The sensitivity of the model calculations to the proton- and
gamma-strengths is examined.


title:
Search for critical points by measuring spatial correlation lengths via
  multiplicity density fluctuations

abstract:
  The nature of phase boundaries in the QCD phase diagram has not been
satisfactorily explored by experiments. Based on the Ginzburg-Landau free
energy with a spatially inhomogeneous term as a function of a scalar order
parameter, it is possible to determine spatial correlation lengths from
measured two point correlation functions in general, where a spatially
dependent multiplicity fluctuation from the mean value is taken as the order
parameter. The divergence of the correlation lengths can be a robust signature
of a critical system as well as the disappearance of $<q\bar{q}>$
condensations. Simultaneous observations of such observables can probe the
nature of the phase boundary conclusively. In this letter, a present result
from the PHENIX experiment will be reported. We will focus whether a critical
behavior of the phase transition exists or not by searching for increases of
pseudo-rapidity correlation lengths as a function of the number of participant
nucleons with dominantly low $p_t$ charged particles where instant fluctuations
such as high $p_t$ jets are expected to be negligible. The result shows a non
monotonic increase in the correlation lengths which can be a symptom of the
critical behavior.


title: $\pi^0$-h correlation in Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV

abstract:
  We present the results of the two-particle $\Delta\phi$ correlation between
high $p_T$ $\pi^0$ and charged hadrons in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =
200$ GeV. Clear away-side jet signals are seen in central Cu+Cu collisions at
all associated hadron $p_T$, albeit suppressed by factor of 2 above 2 GeV/$c$.
This level is similar to the suppression seen for inclusive hadrons at high
$p_T$ ($>7$ GeV/$c$). However, this agreement is argued to be the result of a
cancellation between a flatter away-side parton spectra due to the requirement
of high $p_T$ triggers and a bigger energy loss due to a longer path length
traversed by the away-side jet.


title: Dilepton production from p-p to Ca-Ca at the Bevalac

abstract:
  The DLS collaboration has recently completed a high statistics study of
dilepton production at the Bevalac. In particular, we have measured dielectrons
(e+e-) from p-p and p-d collisions to understand the basic dilepton production
mechanisms in the energy range from 1.05 - 4.9 GeV. These data can be used to
determine the basic processes which contribute to nucleon-nucleon dilepton
production such as hadronic bremsstrahlung, vector meson processes, and
hadronic Dalitz decay. The data show that a simple elastic bremsstrahlung
calculation is insufficient to explain the data. Theoretical models are
compared with the data. A new high statistics study of Ca-Ca at 1.05 A GeV has
been made to study the collectivity of A-A collisions.


title:
Measurement of Pion Enhancement at Low Transverse Momentum and of the
  Delta-Resonance Abundance in Si-Nucleus Collisions at AGS Energy

abstract:
  We present measurements of the pion transverse momentum (p_t) spectra in
central Si-nucleus collisions in the rapidity range 2.0<y<5.0 for p_t down to
and including p_t=0. The data exhibit an enhanced pion yield at low p_t
compared to what is expected for a purely thermal spectral shape. This
enhancement is used to determine the Delta-resonance abundance at freeze-out.
The results are consistent with a direct measurement of the Delta-resonance
yield by reconstruction of proton-pion pairs and imply a temperature of the
system at freeze-out close to 140 MeV.


title:
Charged Particle Pseudorapidity Distributions in Au+Al, Cu, Au, and U
  Collisions at 10.8 A$\cdot$GeV/c

abstract:
  We present the results of an analysis of charged particle pseudorapidity
distributions in the central region in collisions of a Au projectile with Al,
Cu, Au, and U targets at an incident energy of 10.8~GeV/c per nucleon. The
pseudorapidity distributions are presented as a function of transverse energy
produced in the target or central pseudorapidity regions. The correlation
between charged multiplicity and transverse energy measured in the central
region, as well as the target and projectile regions is also presented. We give
results for transverse energy per charged particle as a function of
pseudorapidity and centrality.


title:
Relative spins and excitation energies of superdeformed bands in 190Hg:
  Further evidence for octupole vibration

abstract:
  An experiment using the Eurogam Phase II gamma-ray spectrometer confirms the
existence of an excited superdeformed (SD) band in 190Hg and its very unusual
decay into the lowest SD band over 3-4 transitions. The energies and dipole
character of the transitions linking the two SD bands have been firmly
established. Comparisons with RPA calculations indicate that the excited SD
band can be interpreted as an octupole-vibrational structure.


title: Radial Flow in Au+Au Collisions at E=0.25-1.15 A GeV

abstract:
  A systematic study of energy spectra for light particles emitted at
midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at E=0.25-1.15 A GeV reveals a significant
non-thermal component consistent with a collective radial flow. This component
is evaluated as a function of bombarding energy and event centrality.
Comparisons to Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) and Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck
(BUU) models are made for different equations of state.


title: High-K Isomers in 176W and Mechanisms of K-Violation

abstract:
  An isomer, with t1/2 = 35 +- 10 ns and J, Kpi = 14, 14+, has been observed in
the nucleus 176W using the reaction 150Nd(30Si,4n) at a beam energy of 133 MeV.
The isomer exhibits an unusual pattern of decay in which the _majority_ of the
flux proceeds directly to states with <K>=0, bypassing available levels of
intermediate K. This severe breakdown of normal K-selection rules in 176W is
compared with recent observations of K-violation in neighboring nuclei, within
the framework of proposed theoretical approaches. The available data on these
K-violating decays seem to have a consistent explanation in models of K-mixing
which include large-amplitude fluctuations of the nuclear shape.


title: Onset of Collectivity in Neutron Deficient $^{196,198}$Po

abstract:
  We have studied via in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy $^{196}$Po and
$^{198}$Po, which are the first neutron-deficient Po isotopes to exhibit a
collective low-lying structure. The ratios of yrast state energies and the E2
branching ratios of transitions from non-yrast to yrast states are indicative
of a low-lying vibrational structure. The onset of collective motion in these
isotopes can be attributed to the opening of the neutron i$_{13/2}$ orbital at
N$\approx$112 and the resulting large overlap between the two valence protons
in the h$_{9/2}$ orbital and the valence neutrons in the i$_{13/2}$ orbital.


title: Lifetime Measurements in 120Xe

abstract:
  Lifetimes for the lowest three transitions in the nucleus $^{120}$Xe have
been measured using the Recoil Distance Technique. Our data indicate that the
lifetime for the $2_{1}^{+} \to 0_{1}^{+}$ transition is more than a factor of
two lower than the previously adopted value and is in keeping with more recent
measurements performed on this nucleus. The theoretical implications of this
discrepancy and the possible reason for the erroneous earlier results are
discussed. All measured lifetimes in $^{120}$Xe, as well as the systematics of
the lifetimes of the 2$_{1}^{+}$ states in Xe isotopes, are compared with
predictions of various models. The available data are best described by the
Fermion Dynamic Symmetry Model (FDSM).


title: Signatures of Statistical Decay

abstract:
  The partition of decay energy between the kinetic energy of reaction products
and their Q-value of formation is obtained in a statistical derivation
appropriate to highly excited nuclei, and is shown to be in a constant ratio.
We measure the kinetic energy fraction, $R = \Sigma E_{kin}/(\Sigma E_{kin} +
\Sigma Q_0)$, over a wide range of excitation energy for well-defined systems
formed in the Cl + C reaction at 35A MeV. Relationships between excitation
energy, charged-particle multiplicity, and intermediate-mass-fragment
multiplicity, observed in this work and in recent experiments by a number of
other groups, follow from the derivation of the average kinetic energies and
Q-values.


title:
Candidate Events in a Search for Muon Antineutrino to Electron
  Antineutrino Oscillations

abstract:
  A search for $\nuebar$'s in excess of the number expected from conventional
sources has been made using the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector, located
30 m from a proton beam dump at LAMPF. A $\nuebar$ signal was detected via the
reaction $\nuebar\,p \rightarrow e^{+}\,n$ with $e^+$ energy between 36 and
$60\mev$, followed by a $\gamma$ from $np\rightarrow d\gamma$ ($2.2\mev$).
Using strict cuts to identify $\gamma$'s correlated with positrons results in a
signal of 9 events, with an expected background of $2.1 \pm 0.3$. A likelihood
fit to the entire $e^+$ sample yields a total excess of $16.4^{+9.7}_{-8.9}\pm
3.3$ events, where the second uncertainty is systematic. If this excess is
attributed to neutrino oscillations of the type $\numubar\rightarrow\nuebar$,
it corresponds to an oscillation probability of ($0.34^{+0.20}_{-0.18}\pm
0.07$)\%.


title: Inclusive Electron Scattering from Nuclei at $x \simeq 1$

abstract:
  The inclusive A(e,e') cross section for $x \simeq 1$ was measured on $^2$H,
C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers $Q^2$ from 1-7 (GeV/c)$^2$. The scaling
behavior of the data was examined in the region of transition from y-scaling to
x-scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit $\xi$-scaling,
reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in free nucleon scattering.


title: Spectroscopy of $^{194}$Po

abstract:
  Prompt, in-beam $\gamma$ rays following the reaction $^{170}$Yb + 142 MeV
$^{28}$Si were measured at the ATLAS facility using 10 Compton-suppressed Ge
detectors and the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Transitions in $^{194}$Po were
identified and placed using $\gamma$-ray singles and coincidence data gated on
the mass of the evaporation residues. A level spectrum up to
J$\approx$10$\hbar$ was established. The structure of $^{194}$Po is more
collective than that observed in the heavier polonium isotopes and indicates
that the structure has started to evolve towards the more collective nature
expected for deformed nuclei.


title: Study of the levels in $^{17}$C above the $^{16}$C + neutron threshold

abstract:
  The $\beta$-delayed neutron decay of $^{17}$B was studied using a radioactive
ion beam. The neutron energies, measured via time-of-flight, give information
on states in $^{17}$C above the $^{16}$C + neutron threshold. States in
$^{17}$C were found at excitation energies of 2.25(2) MeV, 2.64(2) MeV and
3.82(5) MeV, and possibly at 1.18(1) MeV. These low lying states are of
possible interest for nuclear physics as well as for astrophysics.


title:
Spin-rotor Interpretation of Identical Bands and Quantized Alignment in
  Superdeformed A $\approx$ 190 Nuclei

abstract:
  The ``identical'' bands in superdeformed mercury, thallium, and lead nuclei
are interpreted as examples of orbital angular momentum rotors with the weak
spin-orbit coupling of pseudo-$SU(3)$ symmetries and supersymmetries.


title:
On the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons produced in
  relativistic heavy ion collisions

abstract:
  Particles with strange quark content produced in the system 1.93 AGeV
$^{58}$Ni on $^{58}$Ni have been investigated at GSI Darmstadt with the FOPI
detector system. The correlation of these produced particles was analyzed with
respect to the reaction plane. Lambda baryons exhibit a very pronounced
sideward flow pattern which is qualitatively similar to the proton flow.
However, the kaon ($K^+$,$K^0_S$) flow patterns are significantly different
from that of the protons, and their form may be useful to restrict theoretical
models on the form of the kaon potential in the nuclear medium.


title: Measurement of the Electric and Magnetic Polarizabilities of the Proton

abstract:
  The Compton scattering cross section on the proton has been measured at
laboratory angles of 90$^\circ$ and 135$^\circ$ using tagged photons in the
energy range 70--100 MeV and simultaneously using untagged photons in the range
100--148~MeV. With the aid of dispersion relations, these cross sections were
used to extract the electric and magnetic polarizabilities, $\bar{\alpha}$ and
$\bar{\beta}$ respectively, of the proton. We find
  $$\bar{\alpha}+\bar{\beta} =
  ( 15.0 \pm 2.9 \pm 1.1 \pm 0.4 ) \times 10^{-4} \: {\rm fm}^3,$$
  in agreement with a model-independent dispersion sum rule, and
  $$\bar{\alpha}-\bar{\beta} =
  ( 10.8 \pm 1.1 \pm 1.4 \pm 1.0 ) \times 10^{-4} \: {\rm fm}^3,$$
  where the errors shown are statistical, systematic, and model-dependent,
respectively. A comparison with previous experiments is given and global values
for the polarizabilities are extracted.


title:
Measurement of spin-dependent total cross-section difference
  $\Delta\sigma_T$ in neutron-proton scattering at 16 MeV

abstract:
  A new measurement of $\Delta\sigma_T$ for polarized neutrons transmitted
through a polarized proton target at 16.2 MeV has been made. A polarized
neutron beam was obtained from the $^{3}\rm{H}(d,\vec n)^{4}\rm{He}$ reaction;
proton polarization over 90\% was achieved in a frozen spin target of 20 cm$^3$
volume. The measurement yielded the value $\Delta\sigma_T=(-126\pm21\pm14)$ mb.
The result of a simple phase shift analysis for the $^3S_1-^3D_1$ mixing
parameter $\epsilon_1$ is presented and compared with the theoretical potential
model predictions.