title:
Diffusion Processes on Small-World Networks with Distance-Dependent
  Random-Links

abstract:
  We considered diffusion-driven processes on small-world networks with
distance-dependent random links. The study of diffusion on such networks is
motivated by transport on randomly folded polymer chains, synchronization
problems in task-completion networks, and gradient driven transport on
networks. Changing the parameters of the distance-dependence, we found a rich
phase diagram, with different transient and recurrent phases in the context of
random walks on networks. We performed the calculations in two limiting cases:
in the annealed case, where the rearrangement of the random links is fast, and
in the quenched case, where the link rearrangement is slow compared to the
motion of the random walker or the surface. It has been well-established that
in a large class of interacting systems, adding an arbitrarily small density
of, possibly long-range, quenched random links to a regular lattice interaction
topology, will give rise to mean-field (or annealed) like behavior. In some
cases, however, mean-field scaling breaks down, such as in diffusion or in the
Edwards-Wilkinson process in "low-dimensional" small-world networks. This
break-down can be understood by treating the random links perturbatively, where
the mean-field (or annealed) prediction appears as the lowest-order term of a
naive perturbation expansion. The asymptotic analytic results are also
confirmed numerically by employing exact numerical diagonalization of the
network Laplacian. Further, we construct a finite-size scaling framework for
the relevant observables, capturing the cross-over behaviors in finite
networks. This work provides a detailed account of the
self-consistent-perturbative and renormalization approaches briefly introduced
in two earlier short reports.


title:
Magnetic induction in a turbulent flow of liquid sodium: mean behaviour
  and slow fluctuations

abstract:
  We study the flow response to an externally imposed homogeneous magnetic
field in a turbulent swirling flow of liquid sodium -- the VKS2 experiment in
which magnetic Reynolds numbers Rm up to 50 are reached. Induction effects are
larger than in the former VKS1 experiment. At Rm larger than about 25, the
local amplitude of induced field components supersedes that of the applied
field, and exhibits non-Gaussian fluctuations. Slow dynamical instationarities
and low-frequency bimodal dynamics are observed in the induction, presumably
tracing back to large scale fluctuations in the hydrodynamic flow.


title: On the quark propagator singularity

abstract:
  Using the method of Fukuda and Kugo \cite{FUKKUG} the continuation of
Euclidean solution is performed to the timelike axis of fourmomenta. It is
shown that assumed presence of the real simple pole in quark propagator is not
in agreement with the solution. The simple pole disappears because of the
discontinuity in the resulting quark mass function.


title:
Mechanical Proof of the Second Law of Thermodynamics Based on Volume
  Entropy

abstract:
  In a previous work (M. Campisi. Stud. Hist. Phil. M. P. 36 (2005) 275-290) we
have addressed the mechanical foundations of equilibrium thermodynamics on the
basis of the Generalized Helmholtz Theorem. It was found that the volume
entropy provides a good mechanical analogue of thermodynamic entropy because it
satisfies the heat theorem and it is an adiabatic invariant. This property
explains the ``equal'' sign in Clausius principle ($S_f \geq S_i$) in a purely
mechanical way and suggests that the volume entropy might explain the ``larger
than'' sign (i.e. the Law of Entropy Increase) if non adiabatic transformations
were considered. Based on the principles of microscopic (quantum or classical)
mechanics here we prove that, provided the initial equilibrium satisfy the
natural condition of decreasing ordering of probabilities, the expectation
value of the volume entropy cannot decrease for arbitrary transformations
performed by some external sources of work on a insulated system. This can be
regarded as a rigorous quantum mechanical proof of the Second Law. We discuss
how this result relates to the Minimal Work Principle and improves over
previous attempts. The natural evolution of entropy is towards larger values
because the natural state of matter is at positive temperature. Actually the
Law of Entropy Decrease holds in artificially prepared negative temperature
systems.


title:
Probing non-standard decoherence effects with solar and KamLAND
  neutrinos

abstract:
  It has been speculated that quantum gravity might induce a "foamy" space-time
structure at small scales, randomly perturbing the propagation phases of
free-streaming particles (such as kaons, neutrons, or neutrinos). Particle
interferometry might then reveal non-standard decoherence effects, in addition
to standard ones (due to, e.g., finite source size and detector resolution.) In
this work we discuss the phenomenology of such non-standard effects in the
propagation of electron neutrinos in the Sun and in the long-baseline reactor
experiment KamLAND, which jointly provide us with the best available probes of
decoherence at neutrino energies E ~ few MeV. In the solar neutrino case, by
means of a perturbative approach, decoherence is shown to modify the standard
(adiabatic) propagation in matter through a calculable damping factor. By
assuming a power-law dependence of decoherence effects in the energy domain
(E^n with n = 0,+/-1,+/-2), theoretical predictions for two-family neutrino
mixing are compared with the data and discussed. We find that neither solar nor
KamLAND data show evidence in favor of non-standard decoherence effects, whose
characteristic parameter gamma_0 can thus be significantly constrained. In the
"Lorentz-invariant" case n=-1, we obtain the upper limit gamma_0<0.78 x 10^-26
GeV at 95% C.L. In the specific case n=-2, the constraints can also be
interpreted as bounds on possible matter density fluctuations in the Sun, which
we improve by a factor of ~ 2 with respect to previous analyses.


title:
Modelling the clumping-induced polarimetric variability of hot star
  winds

abstract:
  Clumping in the winds of massive stars may significantly reduce empirical
mass-loss rates, and which in turn may have a large impact on our understanding
of massive star evolution. Here, we investigate wind-clumping through the
linear polarization induced by light scattering off the clumps. Through the use
of an analytic wind clumping model, we predict the time evolution of the linear
polarimetry over a large parameter space. We concentrate on the Luminous Blue
Variables, which display the greatest amount of polarimetric variability and
for which we recently conducted a spectropolarimetric survey. Our model results
indicate that the observed level of polarimetric variability can be reproduced
for two regimes of parameter space: one of a small number of massive,
optically-thick clumps; and one of a very large number of low-mass clumps.
Although a systematic time-resolved monitoring campaign is required to
distinguish between the two scenarios, we currently favour the latter, given
the short timescale of the observed polarization variability. As the
polarization is predicted to scale linearly with mass-loss rate, we anticipate
that all hot stars with very large mass-loss rates should display polarimetric
variability. This is consistent with recent findings that intrinsic
polarization is more common in stars with strong H$\alpha$ emission.


title:
Inverse Monte-Carlo determination of effective lattice models for SU(3)
  Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature

abstract:
  This paper concludes our efforts in describing SU(3)-Yang-Mills theories at
different couplings/temperatures in terms of effective Polyakov-loop models.
The associated effective couplings are determined through an inverse Monte
Carlo procedure based on novel Schwinger-Dyson equations that employ the
symmetries of the Haar measure. Due to the first-order nature of the phase
transition we encounter a fine-tuning problem in reproducing the correct
behavior of the Polyakov-loop from the effective models. The problem remains
under control as long as the number of effective couplings is sufficiently
small.


title: Extraction of Freshwater and Energy from Atmosphere

abstract:
  Author offers and researches a new, cheap method for the extraction of
freshwater from the Earth atmosphere. The suggected method is fundamentally
dictinct from all existing methods that extract freshwater from air. All other
industrial methods extract water from a saline water source (in most cases from
seawater). This new method may be used at any point in the Earth except Polar
Zones. It does not require long-distance freshwater transportation. If seawater
is not utilized for increasing its productivity, this inexpensive new method is
very environment-friendly. The author method has two working versions: (1) the
first variant the warm (hot) atmospheric air is lifted by the inflatable tube
in a high altitude and atmospheric steam is condenced into freswater: (2) in
the second version, the warm air is pumped 20-30 meters under the sea-surface.
In the first version, wind and solar heating of air are used for causing air
flow. In version (2) wind and propeller are used for causing air movment.
  The first method does not need energy, the second needs a small amount.
Moreover, in variant (1) the freshwater has a high pressure (>30 or more atm.)
and can be used for production of energy such as electricity and in that way
the freshwater cost is lower. For increasing the productivity the seawater is
injected into air and solar air heater may be used. The solar air heater
produces a huge amount of electricity as a very powerful electricity generation
plant. The offered electricity installation in 100 - 200 times cheaper than any
common electric plant of equivalent output.
  Key words: Extraction freshwater, method of getting freshwater, receiving
energy from atmosphere, powerful renewal electric plant.


title: Homomorphic images of Branch groups, and Serre's property (FA)

abstract:
  It is shown that a finitely generated branch group has Serre's property (FA)
if and only if it does not surject onto the infinite cyclic group or the
infinite dihedral group. An example of a finitely generated self-similar branch
group surjecting onto the infinite cyclic group is constructed.


title:
Higher-Order Angular Galaxy Correlations in the SDSS: Redshift and Color
  Dependence of non-Linear Bias

abstract:
  We present estimates of the N-point galaxy, area-averaged, angular
correlation functions $\bar{\omega}_{N}$($\theta$) for $N$ = 2,...,7 for
galaxies from the fifth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our
parent sample is selected from galaxies with $18 \leq r < 21$, and is the
largest ever used to study higher-order correlations. We subdivide this parent
sample into two volume limited samples using photometric redshifts, and these
two samples are further subdivided by magnitude, redshift, and color (producing
early- and late-type galaxy samples) to determine the dependence of
$\bar{\omega}_{N}$($\theta$) on luminosity, redshift, and galaxy-type. We
measure $\bar{\omega}_{N}$($\theta$) using oversampling techniques and use them
to calculate the projected, $s_{N}$. Using models derived from theoretical
power-spectra and perturbation theory, we measure the bias parameters $b_1$ and
$c_2$, finding that the large differences in both bias parameters ($b_1$ and
$c_2$) between early- and late-type galaxies are robust against changes in
redshift, luminosity, and $\sigma_8$, and that both terms are consistently
smaller for late-type galaxies. By directly comparing their higher-order
correlation measurements, we find large differences in the clustering of
late-type galaxies at redshifts lower than 0.3 and those at redshifts higher
than 0.3, both at large scales ($c_2$ is larger by $\sim0.5$ at $z > 0.3$) and
small scales (large amplitudes are measured at small scales only for $z > 0.3$,
suggesting much more merger driven star formation at $z > 0.3$). Finally, our
measurements of $c_2$ suggest both that $\sigma_8 < 0.8$ and $c_2$ is negative.


title:
Higher order Painleve system of type D^{(1)}_{2n+2} arising from
  integrable hierarchy

abstract:
  A higher order Painleve system of type D^{(1)}_{2n+2} was introduced by Y.
Sasano. It is an extension of the sixth Painleve equation for the affine Weyl
group symmetry. It is also expressed as a Hamiltonian system of order 2n with a
coupled Painleve VI Hamiltonian. In this paper, we discuss a derivation of this
system from a Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy.


title: Strong photon non-linearities and photonic Mott insulators

abstract:
  We show, that photon non-linearities in electromagnetically induced
transparency can be at least one order of magnitude larger than predicted in
all previous approaches. As an application we demonstrate that, in this regime
they give rise to very strong photon - photon interactions which are strong
enough to make an experimental realization of a photonic Mott insulator state
feasible in arrays of coupled ultra high-Q micro-cavities.


title: L-stable functors

abstract:
  We generalize and greatly simplify the approach of Lydakis and
Dundas-R\"ondigs-{\O}stv{\ae}r to construct an L-stable model structure for
small functors from a closed symmetric monoidal model category V to a V-model
category M, where L is a small cofibrant object of V. For the special case
V=M=S_* pointed simplicial sets and L=S^1 this is the classical case of linear
functors and has been described as the first stage of the Goodwillie tower of a
homotopy functor. We show, that our various model structures are compatible
with a closed symmetric monoidal product on small functors. We compare them
with other L-stabilizations described by Hovey, Jardine and others. This gives
a particularly easy construction of the classical and the motivic stable
homotopy category with the correct smash product. We establish the monoid axiom
under certain conditions.


title:
Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Young Star Clusters in
  Merging/Interacting Galaxies. II. NGC 3256 Clusters

abstract:
  We present Gemini optical spectroscopy of 23 young star clusters in NGC3256.
We find that the cluster ages range are from few Myr to ~150 Myr. All these
clusters are relatively massive (2--40)x 10^{5} \msun$ and appear to be of
roughly 1.5 \zo metallicity. The majority of the clusters in our sample follow
the same rotation curve as the gas and hence were presumably formed in the
molecular-gas disk. However, a western subsample of five clusters has
velocities that deviate significantly from the gas rotation curve. These
clusters may either belong to the second spiral galaxy of the merger or may
have formed in tidal-tail gas falling back into the system. We discuss our
observations in light of other known cluster populations in merging galaxies,
and suggest that NGC 3256 is similar to Arp 220, and hence may become an
Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxy as the merger progresses and the star-formation
rate increases.
  Some of the clusters which appeared as isolated in our ground-based images
are clearly resolved into multiple sub-components in the HST-ACS images. The
same effect has been observed in the Antennae galaxies, showing that clusters
are often not formed in isolation, but instead tend to form in larger groups or
cluster complexes.


title: Formal completions of N\'eron models for algebraic tori

abstract:
  We calculate the formal group law which represents the completion of the
N\'eron model of an algebraic torus over the rationals that splits in a tamely
ramified abelian extension. As a tools in the proof, we define and give
criterions to compute the Weil restriction of a formal group law and the analog
of the fixed part of a formal group law with respect to the action of a
(finite) group.


title:
Newtonian limit of scalar-tensor theories and galactic dynamics:
  isolated and interacting galaxies

abstract:
  We use the Newtonian limit of a general scalar-tensor theory around a
background field to study astrophysical effects. The gravitational theory
modifies the standard Newtonian potential by adding a Yukawa term to it, which
is quantified by two theoretical parameters: $\lambda$, the lenghtscale of the
gravitational interaction and its strength, $\alpha$. Within this formalism we
firstly present a numerical study on the formation of bars in isolated
galaxies. We have found for positive $\alpha$ that the modified gravity
destabilizes the galactic discs and leads to rapid bar formation in isolated
galaxies. Values of $\lambda$ in the range $\approx 8$ -- 14 kpc produce
strongest bars in isolated models. Then, we extent this work by considering
tidal effects due to interacting galaxies. We send two spirals to collide and
study the bar properties of the remnant. We characterize the bar kinematical
properties in terms of our parameters ($\lambda, \alpha$).


title:
Period-two cycles in a feed-forward layered neural network model with
  symmetric sequence processing

abstract:
  The effects of dominant sequential interactions are investigated in an
exactly solvable feed-forward layered neural network model of binary units and
patterns near saturation in which the interaction consists of a Hebbian part
and a symmetric sequential term. Phase diagrams of stationary states are
obtained and a new phase of cyclic correlated states of period two is found for
a weak Hebbian term, independently of the number of condensed patterns $c$.


title:
Exotic Kondo-hole band resistivity and magnetoresistance of
  Ce$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$Os$_4$Sb$_{12}$ alloys

abstract:
  Electrical resistivity measurements of non-magnetic single-crystalline
Ce$_{1-x}$La$_x$Os$_4$Sb$_{12}$ alloys, $x=0.02$ and 0.1, are reported for
temperatures down to 20 mK and magnetic fields up to 18 T. At the lowest
temperatures, the resistivity of Ce$_{0.98}$La$_{0.02}$Os$_4$Sb$_{12}$ has a
Fermi-liquid-like temperature variation $\rho=\rho_0+A T^2$, but with negative
$A$ in small fields. The resistivity has an unusually strong magnetic field
dependence for a paramagnetic metal. The 20 mK resistivity increases by 75%
between H=0 and 4 T and then decreases by 65% between 4 T and 18 T. Similarly,
the $A$ coefficient increases with the field from -77 to 29$
\mu\Omega$cmK$^{-2}$ between H=0 and 7 T and then decreases to 18$
\mu\Omega$cmK$^{-2}$ for 18 T. This nontrivial temperature and field variation
is attributed to the existence of a very narrow Kondo-hole band in the
hybridization gap, which pins the Fermi energy. Due to disorder the Kondo-hole
band has localized states close to the band edges. The resistivity for $x=0.1$
has a qualitatively similar behavior to that of $x=0.02$, but with a larger
Kondo-hole band.


title:
Corbino experimental set-up for Cooper pair mass spectroscopy and
  determination of mobility in normal phase

abstract:
  We are suggesting an electronic method for Cooper pair mass spectroscopy of
thin superconducting films. The method can be applied, for example, for 100 nm
thin high-T_c films grown on insulator substrate 10 mm X 10 mm. In Corbino
geometry two Ohmic contacts have to be made on the film evaporating Ag or using
silver paste: one circle with radius r_a (1) and a ring electrode with internal
radius r_b (2). In the in-between space (r_a,r_b) a ring electrode from mylar
assures a capacitive connection between the superconducting layer and the
metallized surface (3) of the mylar. In such a way we have an field effect
transistor (FET) type structure with a circular gate. When at low enough
temperatures T << T_c an AC current with frequency omega is applied between the
circle source (1) and the ring-shaped drain (2) an AC Bernoulli voltage with
double frequency 2f appears between the gate (3) and the source (1). The 2f
signal depends on Cooper pair effective mass and its systematic investigation
gives a Cooper pair mass spectroscopy. In the normal phase 2f gives logarithmic
derivative of the density of states (DOS) with respect of Fermi energy.
Applying a gate voltage in the same structure gives the mobility of the normal
phase.


title:
$2\times250$ GeV CLIC $\gamma\gamma$ Collider Based on its Drive Beam
  FEL

abstract:
  CLIC is a linear $e^+e^-$ ($\gamma\gamma$) collider project which uses a
drive beam to accelerate the main beam. The drive beam provides RF power for
each corresponding unit of the main linac through energy extracting RF
structures. CLIC has a wide range of center-of-mass energy options from 150 GeV
to 3 TeV. The present paper contains optimization of Free Electron Laser (FEL)
using one bunch of CLIC drive beam in order to provide polarized light
amplification using appropriate wiggler and luminosity spectrum of
$\gamma\gamma$ collider for $E_{cm}$=0.5 TeV. Then amplified laser can be
converted to a polarized high-energy $\gamma$ beam at the Conversion point
(CP-prior to electron positron interaction point) in the process of Compton
backscattering. At the CP a powerful laser pulse (FEL) focused to main linac
electrons (positrons). Here this scheme described and it is show that CLIC
drive beam parameters satisfy the requirement of FEL additionally essential
undulator parameters has been defined. Achievable $\gamma\gamma$ luminosity is
above $10^{34}$.


title:
Free energy and extension of a semiflexible polymer in cylindrical
  confining geometries

abstract:
  We consider a long, semiflexible polymer, with persistence length $P$ and
contour length $L$, fluctuating in a narrow cylindrical channel of diameter
$D$. In the regime $D\ll P\ll L$ the free energy of confinement $\Delta F$ and
the length of the channel $R_\parallel$ occupied by the polymer are given by
Odijk's relations $\Delta F/R_\parallel=A_\circ k_BTP^{-1/3}D^{-2/3}$ and
$R_\parallel=L[1-\alpha_\circ(D/P)^{2/3}]$, where $A_\circ$ and $\alpha_\circ$
are dimensionless amplitudes. Using a simulation algorithm inspired by PERM
(Pruned Enriched Rosenbluth Method), which yields results for very long
polymers, we determine $A_\circ$ and $\alpha_\circ$ and the analogous
amplitudes for a channel with a rectangular cross section. For a semiflexible
polymer confined to the surface of a cylinder, the corresponding amplitudes are
derived with an exact analytic approach. The results are relevant for
interpreting experiments on biopolymers in microchannels or microfluidic
devices.


title:
The dynamics of the early universe and the initial conditions for
  inflation in a model with radiation and a Chaplygin gas

abstract:
  The modeling of the early universe is done through the quantization of a
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model with positive curvature. The material content
consists of two fluids: radiation and Chaplygin gas. The quantization of these
models is made by following the Wheeler and DeWitt's prescriptions. Using the
Schutz formalism, the time notion is recovered and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation
transforms into a time dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation, which rules the
dynamics of the early universe, under the action of an effective potential
$V_{ef}$. Using a finite differences method and the Crank-Nicholson scheme, in
a code implemented in the program OCTAVE, we solve the corresponding time
dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation and obtain the time evolution of a initial
wave packet. This wave packet satisfies appropriate boundary conditions. The
calculation of the tunneling probabilities shows that the universe may emerge
from the Planck era to an inflationary phase. It also shows that, the tunneling
probability is a function of the mean energy of the initial wave packet and of
two parameters related to the Chaplygin gas. We also show a comparison between
these results and those obtained by the WKB approximation.


title:
Distributions of Roots of Reduced Cubic Equations with Random
  Coefficients

abstract:
  If the coefficients of polynomials are selected by some random process, the
zeros of the resulting polynomials are in some sense random. In this paper the
author rephrases the above in more precise language, and calculates the joint
conditional densities of a random vector whose values determine almost surely
the zeros of a "random" reduced cubic.


title: Uniform convergence in the mapping class group

abstract:
  We characterize convex cocompact subgroups of the mapping class group of a
surface in terms of uniform convergence actions on the zero locus of the limit
set. We also construct subgroups that act as uniform convergence groups on
their limit sets, but are not convex cocompact.


title: Collider signals in unparticle physics

abstract:
  Phenomenology of the notion of an unparticle U, recently perceived by Georgi,
to describe a scale invariant sector with a non-trivial infrared fixed point at
a higher energy scale is explored in details. Behaving like a collection of d_U
(the scale dimension of the unparticle operator O_U) invisible massless
particles, this unparticle can be unveiled by measurements of various energy
distributions for the processes Z to fermion pair + U and e-e+ to gamma U at
e-e+ colliders, as well as mono-jet production at hadron colliders. We also
study the propagator effects of the unparticle through the Drell-Yan tree level
process and the one-loop muon anomaly.


title:
Now you see it, now you don't - the circumstellar disk in the GRO
  J1008--57 system

abstract:
  Multiwavelength observations are reported here of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar
system GRO J1008-57. Over ten years worth of data are gathered together to show
that the periodic X-ray outbursts are dependant on both the binary motion and
the size of the circumstellar disk. In the first instance an accurate orbital
solution is determined from pulse periods, and in the second case the strength
and shape of the Halpha emission line is shown to be a valuable indicator of
disk size and its behaviour. Furthermore, the shape of the emission line
permits a direct determination of the disk size which is in good agreement with
theoretical estimates. A detailed study of the pulse period variations during
outbursts determined the binary period to be 247.8, in good agreement with the
period determined from the recurrence of the outbursts.


title: Adiabatic quantum pumping at the Josephson frequency

abstract:
  We analyze theoretically adiabatic quantum pumping through a normal conductor
that couples the normal regions of two superconductor/normal
metal/superconductor Josephson junctions. By using the phases of the
superconducting order parameter in the superconducting contacts as pumping
parameters, we demonstrate that a non zero pumped charge can flow through the
device. The device exploits the evolution of the superconducting phases due to
the ac Josephson effect, and can therefore be operated at very high frequency,
resulting in a pumped current as large as a few nanoAmperes. The experimental
relevance of our calculations is discussed.


title: Phases of three dimensional large N QCD on a continuum torus

abstract:
  It is established by numerical means that continuum large N QCD defined on a
three dimensional torus can exist in four different phases. They are (i)
confined phase; (ii) deconfined phase; (iii) small box at zero temperature and
(iv) small box at high temperatures.


title: A groupoid approach to noncommutative T-duality

abstract:
  Topological T-duality is a transformation taking a gerbe on a principal torus
bundle to a gerbe on a principal dual-torus bundle. We give a new geometric
construction of T-dualization, which allows the duality to be extended in
following two directions. First, bundles of groups other than tori, even
bundles of some nonabelian groups, can be dualized. Second, bundles whose duals
are families of noncommutative groups (in the sense of noncommutative geometry)
can be treated, though in this case the base space of the bundles is best
viewed as a topological stack.
  Some methods developed for the construction may be of independent interest.
These are a Pontryagin type duality that interchanges commutative principal
bundles with gerbes, a nonabelian Takai type duality for groupoids, and the
computation of certain equivariant Brauer groups.


title:
CPT and lepton number violation in neutrino sector: Modified mass matrix
  and oscillation due to gravity

abstract:
  We study the consequences of CPT and lepton number violation in neutrino
sector. For CPT violation we take gravity with which neutrino and antineutrino
couple differently. Gravity mixes neutrino and antineutrino in an unequal ratio
to give two mass eigenstates. Lepton number violation interaction together with
CPT violation gives rise to neutrino-antineutrino oscillation. Subsequently, we
study the neutrino flavor mixing and oscillation under the influence of
gravity. It is found that gravity changes flavor oscillation significantly
which influences the relative abundance of different flavors in present
universe. We show that the neutrinoless double beta decay rate is modified due
to presence of gravity- the origin of CPT violation, as the mass of the flavor
state is modified.


title:
Computing invariants of algebraic group actions in arbitrary
  characteristic

abstract:
  Let G be an affine algebraic group acting on an affine variety
  X. We present an algorithm for computing generators of the invariant ring
K[X]^G in the case where G is reductive. Furthermore, we address the case where
G is connected and unipotent, so the invariant ring need not be finitely
generated. For this case, we develop an algorithm which computes K[X]^G in
terms of a so-called colon-operation. From this, generators of K[X]^G can be
obtained in finite time if it is finitely generated. Under the additional
hypothesis that K[X] is factorial, we present an algorithm that finds a
quasi-affine variety whose coordinate ring is K[X]^G. Along the way, we develop
some techniques for dealing with non-finitely generated algebras. In
particular, we introduce the finite generation locus ideal.


title:
The Evolution of Dark Matter Halo Properties in Clusters, Filaments,
  Sheets and Voids

abstract:
  We use a series of N-body simulations of the LCDM cosmology to investigate
the redshift evolution since z=1 of the properties and alignment with the
large-scale structure of haloes in clusters, filaments, sheets and voids. We
find that: (i) Once a rescaling of the halo mass with M*, the mass scale
collapsing at redshift z, is performed, there is no further significant
redshift dependence in the halo properties; (ii) The environment influences
halo shape and formation time at all investigated redshifts for haloes with
masses M<M*; and (iii) There is a significant alignment of both spin and shape
of haloes with filaments and sheets. In detail, at all redshifts up to z=1: a)
Haloes with M<M* tend to be more oblate when located in clusters than in the
other environments; this trend is reversed at higher masses: above about M*,
halos in clusters are typically more prolate than similar massive haloes in
sheets, filaments and voids. b) Haloes with M>M* in filaments spin more rapidly
than similar mass haloes in clusters; haloes in voids have the lowest median
spin parameters; c) Haloes with M<M* tend to be younger in voids and older in
clusters; d) In sheets, halo spin vectors tend to lie within the sheet plane
independent of mass; in filaments, instead, haloes with M<M* tend to spin
parallel to the filament and haloes with M>M* perpendicular to it. For masses
M>M*, the major axis of haloes in filaments and sheets is strongly aligned with
the filament or the sheet. Such halo-LSS alignments may be of importance in
weak lensing analyses of cosmic shear. A question that is opened by our study
is why, in the 0 < z < 1 redshift regime that we have investigated, the mass
scale M* sets roughly the threshold below which the LSS-environment either
begins to affect, or reverses, the properties of dark matter haloes.


title: Computing Extensions of Linear Codes

abstract:
  This paper deals with the problem of increasing the minimum distance of a
linear code by adding one or more columns to the generator matrix. Several
methods to compute extensions of linear codes are presented. Many codes
improving the previously known lower bounds on the minimum distance have been
found.


title:
Separability, entanglement and full families of commuting normal
  matrices

abstract:
  We reduce the question whether a given quantum mixed state is separable or
entangled to the problem of existence of a certain full family of commuting
normal matrices whose matrix elements are partially determined by components of
the pure states constituting a decomposition of the considered mixture. The
method reproduces many known entanglement and/or separability criteria, and
provides yet another geometrical characterization of mixed separable states.


title:
Very weak electron-phonon coupling and strong strain coupling in
  manganites

abstract:
  The coupling of the manganite stripe phase to the lattice and to strain has
been investigated via transmission electron microscopy studies of
polycrystalline and thin film manganites. In polycrystalline \PCMOfiftwo a
lockin to $q/a^*=0.5$ in a sample with $x>0.5$ has been observed for the first
time. Such a lockin has been predicted as a key part of the Landau CDW theory
of the stripe phase. Thus it is possible to constrain the size of the
electron-phonon coupling in the CDW Landau theory to between 0.04% and 0.05% of
the electron-electron coupling term. In the thin film samples, films of the
same thickness grown on two different substrates exhibited different
wavevectors. The different strains present in the films on the two substrates
can be related to the wavevector observed via Landau theory. It is demonstrated
that the the elastic term which favours an incommensurate modulation has a
similar size to the coupling between the strain and the wavevector, meaning
that the coupling of strain to the superlattice is unexpectedly strong.


title: Inclusive Charm Production in chi_b Decays

abstract:
  We calculate the inclusive decay rate of the spin-triplet bottomonium states
chi_{bJ} into charm hadrons, including the leading-order color-singlet and
color-octet bb-bar annihilation mechanisms. We also calculate the momentum
distribution of the charm quark from the decay of chi_{bJ}. The infrared
divergences from the color-singlet process bb-bar -> cc-bar g are factored into
the probability density at the origin for a bb-bar pair in a color-octet state.
That probability density can be determined phenomenologically from the fraction
of decays of chi_{bJ} that include charm hadrons. It can then be used to
predict the partial widths into light hadrons for all four states in the P-wave
bottomonium multiplet.


title: On the cycling operation in braid groups

abstract:
  The cycling operation is a special kind of conjugation that can be applied to
elements in Artin's braid groups, in order to reduce their length. It is a key
ingredient of the usual solutions to the conjugacy problem in braid groups. In
their seminal paper on braid-cryptography, Ko, Lee et al. proposed the {\it
cycling problem} as a hard problem in braid groups that could be interesting
for cryptography. In this paper we give a polynomial solution to that problem,
mainly by showing that cycling is surjective, and using a result by Maffre
which shows that pre-images under cycling can be computed fast. This result
also holds in every Artin-Tits group of spherical type.
  On the other hand, the conjugacy search problem in braid groups is usually
solved by computing some finite sets called (left) ultra summit sets
(left-USS), using left normal forms of braids. But one can equally use right
normal forms and compute right-USS's. Hard instances of the conjugacy search
problem correspond to elements having big (left and right) USS's. One may think
that even if some element has a big left-USS, it could possibly have a small
right-USS. We show that this is not the case in the important particular case
of rigid braids. More precisely, we show that the left-USS and the right-USS of
a given rigid braid determine isomorphic graphs, with the arrows reversed, the
isomorphism being defined using iterated cycling. We conjecture that the same
is true for every element, not necessarily rigid, in braid groups and
Artin-Tits groups of spherical type.


title:
GEMS: Galaxy fitting catalogues and testing parametric galaxy fitting
  codes

abstract:
  In the context of measuring structure and morphology of intermediate redshift
galaxies with recent HST/ACS surveys, we tune, test, and compare two widely
used fitting codes (GALFIT and GIM2D) for fitting single-component Sersic
models to the light profiles of both simulated and real galaxy data. We find
that fitting accuracy depends sensitively on galaxy profile shape. Exponential
disks are well fit with Sersic models and have small measurement errors,
whereas fits to de Vaucouleurs profiles show larger uncertainties owing to the
large amount of light at large radii. We find that both codes provide reliable
fits and little systematic error, when the effective surface brightness is
above that of the sky. Moreover, both codes return errors that significantly
underestimate the true fitting uncertainties, which are best estimated with
simulations. We find that GIM2D suffers significant systematic errors for
spheroids with close companions owing to the difficulty of effectively masking
out neighboring galaxy light; there appears to be no work around to this
important systematic in GIM2D's current implementation. While this crowding
error affects only a small fraction of galaxies in GEMS, it must be accounted
for in the analysis of deeper cosmological images or of more crowded fields
with GIM2D. In contrast, GALFIT results are robust to the presence of neighbors
because it can simultaneously fit the profiles of multiple companions thereby
deblending their effect on the fit to the galaxy of interest. We find GALFIT's
robustness to nearby companions and factor of >~20 faster runtime speed are
important advantages over GIM2D for analyzing large HST/ACS datasets. Finally
we include our final catalog of fit results for all 41,495 objects detected in
GEMS.


title:
Investigation of continuous-time quantum walks via spectral analysis and
  Laplace transform

abstract:
  Continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW) on a given graph is investigated by using
the techniques of the spectral analysis and inverse Laplace transform of the
Stieltjes function (Stieltjes transform of the spectral distribution)
associated with the graph. It is shown that, the probability amplitude of
observing the CTQW at a given site at time $t$ is related to the inverse
Laplace transformation of the Stieltjes function, namely, one can calculate the
probability amplitudes only by taking the inverse laplace transform of the
function $iG_{\mu}(is)$, where $G_{\mu}(x)$ is the Stieltjes function of the
graph. The preference of this procedure is that, there is no any need to know
the spectrum of the graph


title:
Molecular line intensities as measures of cloud masses - II. Conversion
  factors for specific galaxy types

abstract:
  We present theoretically-established values of the CO-to-H2 and C-to-H2
conversion factors that may be used to estimate the gas masses of external
galaxies. We consider four distinct galaxy types, represented by M51, NGC 6946,
M82 and SMC N27. The physical parameters that best represent the conditions
within the molecular clouds in each of the galaxy types are estimated using a
chi^2 analysis of several observed atomic fine structure and CO rotational
lines. This analysis is explored over a wide range of density, radiation field,
extinction, and other relevant parameters. Using these estimated physical
conditions in methods that we have previously established, CO-to-H2 conversion
factors are then computed for CO transitions up to J=9-8. For the conventional
CO(1-0) transition, the computed conversion factor varies significantly below
and above the canonical value for the Milky Way in the four galaxy types
considered. Since atomic carbon emission is now frequently used as a probe of
external galaxies, we also present, for the first time, the C-to-H2 conversion
factor for this emission in the four galaxy types considered.


title:
Universal Substructure Distributions in LCDM halos: Can we find a Fossil
  Group?

abstract:
  We use large cosmological N-body simulations to study the subhalo population
in galaxy group sized halos. In particular, we look for fossil group candidates
with typical masses ~10-25% of Virgo cluster but with an order of magnitude
less substructure. We examine recent claims that the earliest systems to form
are deficient enough in substructure to explain the luminosity function found
in fossil groups. Although our simulations show a correlation between the halo
formation time and the number of subhalos, the maximum suppression of subhalos
is a factor of 2-2.5, whereas a factor of 6 is required to match fossil groups
and galaxies. While the number of subhalos depends weakly on the formation
time, the slope of the halo substructure velocity function does not. The
satellite population within Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos is self-similar at
scales between galaxies and galaxy clusters regardless of mass, whereas current
observations show a break in self-similarity at a mass scale corresponding to
group of galaxies.


title: Mapping the Cosmological Confidence Ball Surface

abstract:
  We present a new technique to compute simultaneously valid confidence
intervals for a set of model parameters. We apply our method to the Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe's (WMAP) Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data,
exploring a seven dimensional space (tau, Omega_DE, Omega_M, omega_DM, omega_B,
f_nu, n_s). We find two distinct regions-of-interest: the standard Concordance
Model, and a region with large values of omega_DM, omega_B and H_0. This second
peak in parameter space can be rejected by applying a constraint (or a prior)
on the allowable values of the Hubble constant. Our new technique uses a
non-parametric fit to the data, along with a frequentist approach and a smart
search algorithm to map out a statistical confidence surface. The result is a
confidence ``ball'': a set of parameter values that contains the true value
with probability at least 1-alpha. Our algorithm performs a role similar to the
often used Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which samples from the posterior
probability function in order to provide Bayesian credible intervals on the
parameters. While the MCMC approach samples densely around a peak in the
posterior, our new technique allows cosmologists to perform efficient analyses
around any regions of interest: e.g., the peak itself, or, possibly more
importantly, the 1-alpha confidence surface.


title:
Cosmological constraints combining H(z), CMB shift and SNIa
  observational data

abstract:
  Recently H(z) data obtained from differential ages of galaxies have been
proposed as a new geometrical probe of dark energy. In this paper we use those
data, combined with other background tests (CMB shift and SNIa data), to
constrain a set of general relativistic dark energy models together with some
other models motivated by extra dimensions. Our analysis rests mostly on
Bayesian statistics, and we conclude that LCDM is at least substantially
favoured, and that braneworld models are less favoured than general
relativistic ones.


title:
The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: I. Confusion and the WHIM in
  Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys

abstract:
  We present the first results from a new generation of simulated large sky
coverage (~100 square degrees) Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) cluster surveys
using the cosmological adaptive mesh refinement N-body/hydro code Enzo. We have
simulated a very large (512^3h^{-3}Mpc^3) volume with unprecedented dynamic
range. We have generated simulated light cones to match the resolution and
sensitivity of current and future SZE instruments. Unlike many previous studies
of this type, our simulation includes unbound gas, where an appreciable
fraction of the baryons in the universe reside.
  We have found that cluster line-of-sight overlap may be a significant issue
in upcoming single-dish SZE surveys. Smaller beam surveys (~1 arcmin) have more
than one massive cluster within a beam diameter 5-10% of the time, and a larger
beam experiment like Planck has multiple clusters per beam 60% of the time. We
explore the contribution of unresolved halos and unbound gas to the SZE
signature at the maximum decrement. We find that there is a contribution from
gas outside clusters of ~16% per object on average for upcoming surveys. This
adds both bias and scatter to the deduced value of the integrated SZE, adding
difficulty in accurately calibrating a cluster Y-M relationship.
  Finally, we find that in images where objects with M > 5x10^{13} M_{\odot}
have had their SZE signatures removed, roughly a third of the total SZE flux
still remains. This gas exists at least partially in the Warm Hot Intergalactic
Medium (WHIM), and will possibly be detectable with the upcoming generation of
SZE surveys.


title:
WHAM: A WENO-based general relativistic numerical scheme I:
  Hydrodynamics

abstract:
  Active galactic nuclei, x-ray binaries, pulsars, and gamma-ray bursts are all
believed to be powered by compact objects surrounded by relativistic plasma
flows driving phenomena such as accretion, winds, and jets. These flows are
often accurately modelled by the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
approximation. Time-dependent numerical MHD simulations have proven to be
especially insightful, but one regime that remains difficult to simulate is
when the energy scales (kinetic, thermal, magnetic) within the plasma become
disparate. We develop a numerical scheme that significantly improves the
accuracy and robustness of the solution in this regime. We use a modified form
of the WENO method to construct a finite-volume general relativistic
hydrodynamics code called WHAM that converges at fifth order. We avoid (1)
field-by-field decomposition by adaptively reducing down to 2-point stencils
near discontinuities for a more accurate treatment of shocks, and (2) excessive
reduction to low order stencils, as in the standard WENO formalism, by
maintaining high order accuracy in smooth monotonic flows. Our scheme performs
the proper surface integral of the fluxes, converts cell averaged conserved
quantities to point conserved quantities before performing the reconstruction
step, and correctly averages all source terms. We demonstrate that the scheme
is robust in strong shocks, very accurate in smooth flows, and maintains
accuracy even when the energy scales in the flow are highly disparate.


title: A-infinity structure on simplicial complexes

abstract:
  A discrete (finite-difference) analogue of differential forms is considered,
defined on simplicial complexes, including triangulations of continuous
manifolds. Various operations are explicitly defined on these forms, including
exterior derivative and exterior product. The latter one is non-associative.
Instead, as anticipated, it is a part of non-trivial A-infinity structure,
involving a chain of poly-linear operations, constrained by nilpotency
relation: (d + \wedge + m + ...)^n = 0 with n=2.


title:
Drift of charged defects in local fields as aging mechanism in
  ferroelectrics

abstract:
  Point defect migration is considered as a mechanism for aging in
ferroelectrics. Numerical results are given for the coupled problems of point
defect migration and electrostatic energy relaxation in a 2D domain
configuration. The peak values of the clamping pressure at domain walls are in
the range of $10^6$ Pa, which corresponds to macroscopically observed coercive
stresses in perovskite ferroelectrics. The effect is compared to mechanisms
involving orientational reordering of defect dipoles in the bulk of domains.
Domain clamping is significantly stronger in the drift mechanism than in the
orientational picture for the same material parameters.


title: Coulomb drag as a measure of trigonal warping in doped graphene

abstract:
  I suggest to use the effect of Coulomb drag between two closely positioned
graphite monolayers (graphene sheets) for experimental measurement of the
strength of weak non-linearities of the spectrum in graphene. I consider
trigonal warping as a representative mechanism responsible for the drag effect.
Since graphene is relatively defect-free, I evaluate the drag conductivity in
the ballistic regime and find that it is proportional to the fourth power of
the warping strength.


title: Relativistic Effects in Extreme Mass Ratio Gravitational Wave Bursts

abstract:
  Extreme mass ratio bursts (EMRBs) have been proposed as a possible source for
future space-borne gravitational wave detectors, such as the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). These events are characterized by
long-period, nearly-radial orbits of compact objects around a central massive
black hole. The gravitational radiation emitted during such events consists of
a short burst, corresponding to periapse passage, followed by a longer, silent
interval. In this paper we investigate the impact of including relativistic
corrections to the description of the compact object's trajectory via a
geodesic treatment, as well as including higher-order multipole corrections in
the waveform calculation. The degree to which the relativistic corrections are
important depends on the EMRB's orbital parameters. We find that relativistic
EMRBs (v_{max}}/c > 0.25) are not rare and actually account for approximately
half of the events in our astrophysical model. The relativistic corrections
tend to significantly change the waveform amplitude and phase relative to a
Newtonian description, although some of this dephasing could be mimicked by
parameter errors. The dephasing over several bursts could be of particular
importance not only to gravitational wave detection, but also to parameter
estimation, since it is highly correlated to the spin of the massive black
hole. Consequently, we postulate that if a relativistic EMRB is detected, such
dephasing might be used to probe the relativistic character of the massive
black hole and obtain information about its spin.


title: Reformulating Supersymmetry with a Generalized Dolbeault Operator

abstract:
  The conditions for N=1 supersymmetry in type II supergravity have been
previously reformulated in terms of generalized complex geometry. We improve
that reformulation so as to completely eliminate the remaining explicit
dependence on the metric. Doing so involves a natural generalization of the
Dolbeault operator. As an application, we present some general arguments about
supersymmetric moduli. In particular, a subset of them are then classified by a
certain cohomology. We also argue that the Dolbeault reformulation should make
it easier to find existence theorems for the N=1 equations.


title: Screening of Excitons in Single, Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

abstract:
  Resonant Raman spectroscopy of single carbon nanotubes suspended across
trenches displays red shifts of up to 30 meV of the electronic transition
energies as a function of the surrounding dielectric environment. We develop a
simple scaling relationship between the exciton binding energy and the external
dielectric function and thus quantify the effect of screening. Our results
imply that the underlying particle interaction energies change by hundreds of
meV.


title:
Cohomotopy invariants and the universal cohomotopy invariant jump
  formula

abstract:
  Starting from ideas of Furuta, we develop a general formalism for the
construction of cohomotopy invariants associated with a certain class of
$S^1$-equivariant non-linear maps between Hilbert bundles. Applied to the
Seiberg-Witten map, this formalism yields a new class of cohomotopy
Seiberg-Witten invariants which have clear functorial properties with respect
to diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds. Our invariants and the Bauer-Furuta classes
are directly comparable for 4-manifolds with $b_1=0$; they are equivalent when
$b_1=0$ and $b_+>1$, but are finer in the case $b_1=0$, $b_+=1$ (they detect
the wall-crossing phenomena).
  We study fundamental properties of the new invariants in a very general
framework. In particular we prove a universal cohomotopy invariant jump formula
and a multiplicative property. The formalism applies to other gauge theoretical
problems, e.g. to the theory of gauge theoretical (Hamiltonian) Gromov-Witten
invariants.


title: Particles Associated with Omega Produced at Intermediate p_T

abstract:
  The dual observation of the Omega production in central Au+Au collisions
having both an exponential p_T distribution and also associated particles above
the background has been referred to as the Omega puzzle. We give a quantitative
description of how that puzzle can be understood in terms of phantom jets,
where only ridges without peaks are produced to give rise to both the Omega
trigger and its associated particles. In the framework of recombination of
thermal partons we are able to reproduce both the \Delta\phi distribution and
the trigger-momentum dependence of the yield of the associated particles. We
make predictions on other observables that can be checked by further analyses
of the data.


title:
Regions without complex zeros for chromatic polynomials on graphs with
  bounded degree

abstract:
  We prove that the chromatic polynomial $P_\mathbb{G}(q)$ of a finite graph
$\mathbb{G}$ of maximal degree $\D$ is free of zeros for $\card q\ge C^*(\D)$
with $$ C^*(\D) = \min_{0<x<2^{1\over \D}-1} {(1+x)^{\D-1}\over x [2-(1+x)^\D]}
$$ This improves results by Sokal (2001) and Borgs (2005). Furthermore, we
present a strengthening of this condition for graphs with no triangle-free
vertices.


title:
Testing the Standard Model by precision measurement of the weak charges
  of quarks

abstract:
  In a global analysis of the latest parity-violating electron scattering
measurements on nuclear targets, we demonstrate a significant improvement in
the experimental knowledge of the weak neutral-current lepton-quark
interactions at low energy. The precision of this new result, combined with
earlier atomic parity-violation measurements, places tight constraints on the
size of possible contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model.
Consequently, this result improves the lower-bound on the scale of relevant new
physics to ~1 TeV.


title: Statistical Behavior Of Domain Systems

abstract:
  We study the statistical behavior of two out of equilibrium systems. The
first one is a quasi one-dimensional gas with two species of particles under
the action of an external field which drives each species in opposite
directions. The second one is a one-dimensional spin system with nearest
neighbor interactions also under the influence of an external driving force.
Both systems show a dynamical scaling with domain formation. The statistical
behavior of these domains is compared with models based on the coalescing
random walk and the interacting random walk. We find that the scaling domain
size distribution of the gas and the spin systems is well fitted by the Wigner
surmise, which lead us to explore a possible connection between these systems
and the circular orthogonal ensemble of random matrices. However, the study of
the correlation function of the domain edges, show that the statistical
behavior of the domains in both gas and spin systems, is not completely well
described by circular orthogonal ensemble, nor it is by other models proposed
such as the coalescing random walk and the interacting random walk.
Nevertheless, we find that a simple model of independent intervals describe
more closely the statistical behavior of the domains formed in these systems.


title: Recent Developments in Maser Theory

abstract:
  This review covers selected developments in maser theory since the previous
meeting, "Cosmic Masers: From Proto-Stars to Black Holes" (Migenes & Reid
2002). Topics included are time variability of fundamental constants, pumping
of OH megamasers and indicators for differentiating disks from bi-directional
outflows.


title: Experimental studies on vacancy induced ferromagnetism in undoped TiO2

abstract:
  Room temperature ferromagnetism is observed in undoped TiO2 films deposited
on Si substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The ferromagnetic
properties of the samples depend on the oxygen partial pressure during the PLD
synthesis. The appearance of higher binding energy component (HBEC) in the
oxygen 1s core peak from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests the
presence of oxygen vacancies in these samples. The amount of oxygen during the
synthesis determines the vacancy concentration in the samples which is directly
related to the magnetic behavior of the samples. The magnetic moment decreases
with oxygen vacancy concentration in the samples. Valence band measurements
were performed to study the electronic structure of both stoichometric and
reduced TiO2. The analyses show the presence of Ti 3d band near the Fermi level
in reduced TiO2 samples. These bands are otherwise empty in stoichiometric TiO2
and reside in the conduction band which makes them unobservable by XPS. The
existence of this Ti 3d band near the Fermi level can possibly lead to Stoner
splitting of the band.


title:
Metallic stripes and the universality of the anomalous half-breathing
  phonon in high-Tc cuprates

abstract:
  We demonstrate that the strong anomalies in the high frequency LO-phonon
spectrum in cuprate superconductors can in principle be explained by the
enhanced electronic polarizability associated with the self-organized one
dimensionality of metallic stripes. Contrary to the current interpretation in
terms of transversal stripe fluctuations, the anomaly should occur at momenta
parallel to the stripes. The doping dependence of the anomaly is naturally
explained, and we predict that the phonon line-width and the spread of the
anomaly in the transverse momentum decrease with increasing temperature while
high resolution measurements should reveal a characteristic substructure to the
anomaly.


title: Bragg spectroscopy of a superfluid Bose-Hubbard gas

abstract:
  Bragg spectroscopy is used to measure excitations of a trapped,
quantum-degenerate gas of 87Rb atoms in a 3-dimensional optical lattice. The
measurements are carried out over a range of optical lattice depths in the
superfluid phase of the Bose-Hubbard model. For fixed wavevector, the resonant
frequency of the excitation is found to decrease with increasing lattice depth.
A numerical calculation of the resonant frequencies based on Bogoliubov theory
shows a less steep rate of decrease than the measurements.


title:
Comparison of Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Langevin thermostats for
  out-of-equilibrium simulations of polymeric systems

abstract:
  In this work we compare and characterize the behavior of Langevin and
Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) thermostats in a broad range of
non-equilibrium simulations of polymeric systems. Polymer brushes in relative
sliding motion, polymeric liquids in Poiseuille and Couette flows, and
brush-melt interfaces are used as model systems to analyze the efficiency and
limitations of different Langevin and DPD thermostat implementations. Widely
used coarse-grained bead-spring models under good and poor solvent conditions
are employed to assess the effects of the thermostats. We considered
equilibrium, transient, and steady state examples for testing the ability of
the thermostats to maintain constant temperature and to reproduce the
underlying physical phenomena in non-equilibrium situations. The common
practice of switching-off the Langevin thermostat in the flow direction is also
critically revisited. The efficiency of different weight functions for the DPD
thermostat is quantitatively analyzed as a function of the solvent quality and
the non-equilibrium situation.


title:
Harmonic sections in sphere bundles, normal neighborhoods of reduction
  loci, and instanton moduli spaces on definite 4-manifolds

abstract:
  We prove an existence theorem for gauge invariant $L^2$-normal neighborhoods
of the reduction loci in the space ${\cal A}_a(E)$ of oriented connections on a
fixed Hermitian 2-bundle $E$. We use this to obtain results on the topology of
the moduli space ${\cal B}_a(E)$ of (non-necessarily irreducible) oriented
connections, and to study the Donaldson $\mu$-classes globally around the
reduction loci. In this part of the article we use essentially the concept of
harmonic section in a sphere bundle with respect to an Euclidean connection.
  Second, we concentrate on moduli spaces of instantons on definite 4-manifolds
with arbitrary first Betti number. We prove strong generic regularity results
which imply (for bundles with "odd" first Chern class) the existence of a
connected, dense open set of "good" metrics for which all the reductions in the
Uhlenbeck compactification of the moduli space are simultaneously regular.
These results can be used to define new Donaldson type invariants for definite
4-manifolds. The idea behind this construction is to notice that, for a good
metric $g$, the geometry of the instanton moduli spaces around the reduction
loci is always the same, independently of the choice of $g$. The connectedness
of the space of good metrics is important, in order to prove that no
wall-crossing phenomena (jumps of invariants) occur. Moreover, we notice that,
for low instanton numbers, the corresponding moduli spaces are a priori compact
and contain no reductions at all so, in these cases, the existence of
well-defined Donaldson type invariants is obvious. The natural question is to
decide whether these new Donaldson type invariants yield essentially new
differential topological information on the base manifold have, or have a
purely topological nature.


title: Transport measurements across a tunable potential barrier in graphene

abstract:
  The peculiar nature of electron scattering in graphene is among many exciting
theoretical predictions for the physical properties of this material. To
investigate electron scattering properties in a graphene plane, we have created
a gate-tunable potential barrier within a single-layer graphene sheet. We
report measurements of electrical transport across this structure as the
tunable barrier potential is swept through a range of heights. When the barrier
is sufficiently strong to form a bipolar junctions (npn or pnp) within the
graphene sheet, the resistance across the barrier sharply increases. We compare
these results to predictions for both diffusive and ballistic transport, as the
barrier rises on a length scale comparable to the mean free path. Finally, we
show how a magnetic field modifies transport across the barrier.


title:
Atom-wave diffraction between the Raman-Nath and the Bragg regime:
  Effective Rabi frequency, losses, and phase shifts

abstract:
  We present an analytic theory of the diffraction of (matter) waves by a
lattice in the "quasi-Bragg" regime, by which we mean the transition region
between the long-interaction Bragg and "channelling" regimes and the
short-interaction Raman-Nath regime. The Schroedinger equation is solved by
adiabatic expansion, using the conventional adiabatic approximation as a
starting point, and re-inserting the result into the Schroedinger equation to
yield a second order correction. Closed expressions for arbitrary pulse shapes
and diffraction orders are obtained and the losses of the population to output
states otherwise forbidden by the Bragg condition are derived. We consider the
phase shift due to couplings of the desired output to these states that depends
on the interaction strength and duration and show how these can be kept
negligible by a choice of smooth (e.g., Gaussian) envelope functions even in
situations that substantially violate the adiabaticity condition. We also give
an efficient method for calculating the effective Rabi frequency (which is
related to the eigenvalues of Mathieu functions) in the quasi-Bragg regime.


title: Average $p_t$ as a probe of high energy QCD dynamics

abstract:
  Average transverse momentum of hadrons produced in high energy collisions is
proposed as a diagnostic probe of high density (saturation) physics. We show
that by introducing and varying a transverse momentum cutoff in the definition
of the average transverse momentum, one can eliminate the uncertainty in the
overall magnitude of the leading order hadron production cross section in high
energy collisions, and semi-quantitatively map the different dynamical regions
predicted by the saturation physics. We discuss the applications of this method
to pion production at RHIC and LHC and make quantitative predictions for the
average transverse momentum of produced pions in the kinematics appropriate for
the RHIC and LHC experiments.


title: Families of holomorphic bundles

abstract:
  The first goal of the article is to solve several fundamental problems in the
theory of holomorphic bundles over non-algebraic manifolds: For instance we
prove that stability and semi-stability are Zariski open properties in families
when the Gauduchon degree map is a topological invariant, or when the parameter
manifold is compact. Second we show that, for a generically stable family of
bundles over a K\"ahler manifold, the Petersson-Weil form extends as a closed
positive current on the whole parameter space of the family. This extension
theorem uses classical tools from Yang-Mills theory developed by Donaldson
(e.g. the Donaldson functional and the heat equation for Hermitian metrics on a
holomorphic bundle). We apply these results to study families of bundles over a
K\"ahlerian manifold $Y$ parameterized by a non-K\"ahlerian surface $X$,
proving that such families must satisfy very restrictive conditions. These
results play an important role in our program to prove existence of curves on
class VII surfaces.


title: Are We Typical?

abstract:
  Bayesian probability theory is used to analyze the oft-made assumption that
humans are typical observers in the universe. Some theoretical calculations
make the {\it selection fallacy} that we are randomly chosen from a class of
objects by some physical process, despite the absence of any evidence for such
a process, or any observational evidence favoring our typicality. It is
possible to favor theories in which we are typical by appropriately choosing
their prior probabilities, but such assumptions should be made explicit to
avoid confusion.


title: The E-theoretic descent functor for groupoids

abstract:
  The paper establishes, for a wide class of locally compact groupoids
$\Gamma$, the E-theoretic descent functor at the $C^{*}$-algebra level, in a
way parallel to that established for locally compact groups by Guentner, Higson
and Trout. The second section shows that $\Gamma$-actions on a
$C_{0}(X)$-algebra $B$, where $X$ is the unit space of $\Gamma$, can be
usefully formulated in terms of an action on the associated bundle
$B^{\sharp}$. The third section shows that the functor $B\to C^{*}(\Gamma,B)$
is continuous and exact, and uses the disintegration theory of J. Renault. The
last section establishes the existence of the descent functor under a very mild
condition on $\Gamma$, the main technical difficulty involved being that of
finding a $\Gamma$-algebra that plays the role of C_{b}(T,B)^{cont}$ in the
group case.


title:
Structure of the First and Second Neighbor Shells of Water: Quantitative
  Relation with Translational and Orientational Order

abstract:
  We perform molecular dynamics simulation of water using the TIP5P model to
quantify structural order in both the first shell (defined by four nearest
neighbors)and second shell (defined by twelve next-nearest neighbors) of a
central water molecule. We find the anomalous decrease of orientational order
upon compression occurs in both shells, but the anomalous decrease of
translational order upon compression occurs {\it mainly in the second shell}.
The decreases of translational and orientational orders upon compression
("structural anomaly") are thus correlated only in the second shell. Our
findings quantitatively confirm the qualitative idea that the thermodynamic,
dynamic and structural anomalies of water are related to changes in the second
shell upon compression.


title: Integral Formulas for the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process

abstract:
  In this paper we obtain general integral formulas for probabilities in the
asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) on the integer lattice with nearest
neighbor hopping rates p to the right and q=1-p to the left. For the most part
we consider an N-particle system but for certain of these formulas we can take
the limit as N goes to infinity. First we obtain, for the N-particle system, a
formula for the probability of a configuration at time t, given the initial
configuration. For this we use Bethe Ansatz ideas to solve the master equation,
extending a result of Schuetz for the case N=2. The main results of the paper,
derived from this, are integral formulas for the probability, for given initial
configuration, that the m'th left-most particle is at x at time t. In one of
these formulas we can take the limit as N goes to infinity, and it gives the
probability for an infinite system where the initial configuration is bounded
on one side. For the special case of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion
process (TASEP) our formulas reduce to the known ones.


title: Instantons and curves on class VII surfaces

abstract:
  We develop a general strategy, based on gauge theoretical methods, to prove
existence of curves on class VII surfaces. We prove that, for $b_2=2$, every
minimal class VII surface has a cycle of rational curves hence, by a result of
Nakamura, is a global deformation of a one parameter family of blown up primary
Hopf surfaces. The case $b_2=1$ has been solved in a previous article. The
fundamental object intervening in our strategy is the moduli space ${\mathcal
M}^{\pst}(0,{\mathcal K})$ of polystable bundles ${\mathcal E}$ with
$c_2({\mathcal E})=0$, $\det({\mathcal E})={\mathcal K}$. For large $b_2$ the
geometry of this moduli space becomes very complicated. The case $b_2=2$
treated here in detail requires new ideas and difficult techniques of both
complex geometric and gauge theoretical nature.


title: Improved actions and asymptotic scaling in lattice Yang-Mills theory

abstract:
  Improved actions in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories are investigated
with an emphasis on asymptotic scaling. A new scheme for tadpole improvement is
proposed. The standard but heuristic tadpole improvement emerges from a mean
field approximation from the new approach. Scaling is investigated by means of
the large distance static quark potential. Both, the generic and the new
tadpole scheme yield significant improvements on asymptotic scaling when
compared with loop improved actions. A study of the rotational symmetry
breaking terms, however, reveals that only the new improvement scheme
efficiently eliminates the leading irrelevant term from the action.


title: Linkage between Accretion Disks and Blazars

abstract:
  The magnetic field in an accretion disk is estimated assuming that all of the
angular momentum within prescribed accretion disk radii is removed by a jet.
The magnetic field estimated at the base of the jet is extrapolated to the
blazar emission region using a model for a relativistic axisymmetric jet
combined with some simplifying assumptions based on the relativistic nature of
the flow. The extrapolated magnetic field is compared with estimates based upon
the synchrotron and inverse Compton emission from three blazars, MKN 501, MKN
421 and PKS 2155-304. The magnetic fields evaluated from pure synchrotron self-
Compton models are inconsistent with the magnetic fields extrapolated in this
way. However, in two cases inverse Compton models in which a substantial part
of the soft photon field is generated locally agree well, mainly because these
models imply magnetic field strengths which are closer to being consistent with
Poynting flux dominated jets. This comparison is based on estimating the mass
accretion rate from the jet energy flux. Further comparisons along these lines
will be facilitated by independent estimates of the mass accretion rate in
blazars and by more detailed models for jet propagation near the black hole.


title:
Observational consequences of the hypothesized helium rich stellar
  population in Omega Centauri

abstract:
  In response to the proposed high helium content stars as an explanation for
the double main sequence observed in Omega Centauri, we investigated the
consequences of such stars elsewhere on the color-magnitude diagram. We
concentrated on the horizontal branch where the effects of high helium are
expected to show themselves more clearly. In the process, we developed a
procedure for comparing the mass loss suffered by differing stellar populations
in a physically motivated manner. High helium stars in the numbers proposed
seem absent from the horizontal branch of Omega Centauri unless their mass loss
history is very different from that of the majority metal-poor stars. It is
possible to generate a double main sequence with existing Omega Centauri stars
via accretion of helium rich pollution consistent with the latest AGB ejecta
theoretical yields, and such polluted stars are consistent with the observed HB
morphology of Omega Centauri. Polluted models are consistent with observed
merging of the main sequences as opposed to our models of helium rich stars.
Using the (B-R)/(B+V+R) statistic, we find that the high helium bMS stars
require an age difference compared to the rMS stars that is too great, whereas
the pollution scenario stars have no such conflict for inferred Omega Centauri
mass losses.


title:
Donaldson theory on non-K\"ahlerian surfaces and class $VII$ surfaces
  with $b_2=1$

abstract:
  We prove that any class $VII$ surface with $b_2=1$ has curves. This implies
the "Global Spherical Shell conjecture" in the case $b_2=1$: Any minimal class
$VII$ surface with $b_2=1$ admits a global spherical shell, hence it is
isomorphic to one of the surfaces in the known list. The main idea of the proof
is to show that a certain moduli space of PU(2)-instantons on a surface $X$
with no curves (if such a surface existed) would contain a closed Riemann
surface $Y$ whose general points correspond to non-filtrable holomorphic
bundles on $X$. Then we pass from a family of bundles on $X$ parameterized by
$Y$ to a family of bundles on $Y$ parameterized by $X$, and we use the
algebraicity of $Y$ to obtain a contradiction. The proof uses essentially
techniques from Donaldson theory: compactness theorems for moduli spaces of
PU(2)-instantons and the Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence on surfaces.


title: Isolated fixed points and moment maps of symplectic manifolds

abstract: Withdrawn due to an incompleteness of the main results.


title: VLBI detection of an Infrared-Faint Radio Source

abstract:
  Infrared-Faint Radio Sources represent a new and unexpected class of object
which is bright at radio wavelengths but unusually faint at infrared
wavelengths. If, like most mJy radio sources, they were either conventional
active or star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, we would expect them to
be detectable at infrared wavelengths, and so their non-detection by the
Spitzer Space Telescope is surprising. Here we report the detection of one of
these sources using Very Long Baseline Interferometry, from which we conclude
that the sources are driven by Active Galactic Nuclei. We suggest that these
sources are either normal radio-loud quasars at high redshift or abnormally
obscured radio galaxies.


title: Phase Closure at 691 GHz using the Submillimeter Array

abstract:
  Phase closure at 682 GHz and 691 GHz was first achieved using three antennas
of the Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometer located on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
Initially, phase closure was demonstrated at 682.5 GHz on Sept. 19, 2002 using
an artificial ground-based "beacon" signal. Subsequently, astronomical
detections of both Saturn and Uranus were made at the frequency of the CO(6-5)
transition (691.473 GHz) on all three baselines on Sept. 22, 2002. While the
larger planets such as Saturn are heavily resolved even on these short
baselines (25.2m, 25.2m and 16.4m), phase closure was achieved on Uranus and
Callisto. This was the first successful experiment to obtain phase closure in
this frequency band. The CO(6-5) line was also detected towards Orion BN/KL and
other Galactic sources, as was the vibrationally-excited 658 GHz water maser
line toward evolved stars. We present these historic detections, as well as the
first arcsecond-scale images obtained in this frequency band.


title: Revisiting He-like X-ray Emission Line Plasma Diagnostics

abstract:
  A complete model of helium-like line and continuum emission has been
incorporated into the plasma simulation code Cloudy. All elements between He
and Zn are treated, any number of levels can be considered, and radiative and
collisional processes are included. This includes photoionization from all
levels, line transfer including continuum pumping and destruction by background
opacities, scattering, and collisional processes. The model is calculated
self-consistently along with the ionization and thermal structure of the
surrounding nebula. The result is a complete line and continuum spectrum of the
plasma. Here we focus on the ions of the He I sequence and reconsider the
standard helium-like X-ray diagnostics. We first consider semi-analytical
predictions and compare these with previous work in the low-density,
optically-thin limit. We then perform numerical calculations of helium-like
X-ray emission (such as is observed in some regions of Seyferts) and predict
line ratios as a function of ionizing flux, hydrogen density, and column
density. In particular, we demonstrate that, in photoionized plasmas, the
$R$-ratio, a density indicator in a collisional plasma, depends on the
ionization fraction and is strongly affected by optical depth for large column
densities. We also introduce the notion that the $R$-ratio is a measure of the
incident continuum at UV wavelengths. The $G$-ratio, which is
temperature-sensitive in a collisional plasma, is also discussed, and shown to
be strongly affected by continuum pumping and optical depth as well. These
distinguish a photoionized plasma from the more commonly studied collisional
case.


title:
Eclipsing light curves for accretion flows around a rotating black hole
  and atmospheric effects of the companion star

abstract:
  We calculate eclipsing light curves for accretion flows around a rotating
black hole taking into account the atmospheric effects of the companion star.
In the cases of no atmospheric effects, the light curves contain the
information of the black hole spin because most of the X-ray photons around 1
keV usually come from the blueshifted part of the accretion flow near the black
hole shadow, and the size and the position of the black hole shadow depend on
the spin. In these cases, when most of the emission comes from the vicinity of
the event horizon, the light curves become asymmetric at ingress and egress. We
next investigate the atmospheric absorption and scattering effects of the
companion stars. By using the solar-type atmospheric model, we have taken into
account the atmospheric effects of the companion star, such as the
photoionization by HI and HeI. We found that the eclipsing light curves
observed at 1 keV possibly contain the information of the black hole spin.
However, in our atmospheric model, the effects of the atmosphere are much
larger than the effects of the black hole spin. Therefore, even in the case
that the light curves contain the information of the black hole spin, it may be
difficult to extract the information of the black hole spin if we do not have
the realistic atmospheric profiles, such as the temperature, and the number
densities for several elements. Even in such cases, the light-curve asymmetries
due to the rotation of the accretion disc exist. Only when we have the reliable
atmospheric model, in principle, the information of the strong-gravity regions,
such as the black hole spin, can be obtained from the eclipsing light curves.


title:
Joint universal lossy coding and identification of stationary mixing
  sources

abstract:
  The problem of joint universal source coding and modeling, treated in the
context of lossless codes by Rissanen, was recently generalized to fixed-rate
lossy coding of finitely parametrized continuous-alphabet i.i.d. sources. We
extend these results to variable-rate lossy block coding of stationary ergodic
sources and show that, for bounded metric distortion measures, any finitely
parametrized family of stationary sources satisfying suitable mixing,
smoothness and Vapnik-Chervonenkis learnability conditions admits universal
schemes for joint lossy source coding and identification. We also give several
explicit examples of parametric sources satisfying the regularity conditions.


title: Unobservable Higgs Boson and Spontaneous Violation of Lorentz Invariance

abstract:
  The standard theory of elementary particle physics is modified in such a way
that the Higgs boson becomes unobservable and Lorentz invariance is slightly
violated at the level of the S-matrix. The basic technique of realizing these
properties without violating the unitarity of the physical S-matrix is the use
of the complex-ghost quantum field theory.


title: On Multiplier Hermitian Structures on Compact Kahler Manifolds

abstract:
  Mabuchi introduced multiplier Hermitian structures on compact Kahler
manifolds and defined metrics similar to Kahler-Einstein metrics under these
structures. In this note we generalize the inequality of Moser-Trudinger type
on Kahler-Einstein manifolds to this case.


title: High-Speed Cylindrical Collapse of Two Perfect Fluids

abstract:
  In this paper, the study of the gravitational collapse of cylindrically
distributed two perfect fluid system has been carried out. It is assumed that
the collapsing speeds of the two fluids are very large. We explore this
condition by using the high-speed approximation scheme. There arise two cases,
i.e., bounded and vanishing of the ratios of the pressures with densities of
two fluids given by $c_s, d_s$. It is shown that the high-speed approximation
scheme breaks down by non-zero pressures $p_1, p_2$ when $c_s, d_s$ are bounded
below by some positive constants. The failure of the high-speed approximation
scheme at some particular time of the gravitational collapse suggests the
uncertainity on the evolution at and after this time. In the bounded case, the
naked singularity formation seems to be impossible for the cylindrical two
perfect fluids. For the vanishing case, if a linear equation of state is used,
the high-speed collapse does not break down by the effects of the pressures and
consequently a naked singularity forms. This work provides the generalisation
of the results already given by Nakao and Morisawa [1] for the perfect fluid.


title: Prospects for making polar molecules with microwave fields

abstract:
  We propose a new mechanism to produce ultracold polar molecules with
microwave fields. The proposed mechanism converts trapped ultracold atoms of
different species into vibrationally excited molecules by a single microwave
transition and entirely depends on the existence of a permanent dipole moment
in the molecules. As opposed to production of molecules by photoassociation or
magnetic-field Feshbach resonances our method does not rely on the structure
and lifetime of excited states or existence of Feshbach resonances. In
addition, we determine conditions for optimal creation of polar molecules in
vibrationally excited states of the ground-state potential by changing
frequency and intensity of the microwave field. We also explore the possibility
to produce vibrationally cold molecules by combining the microwave field with
an optical Raman transition or by applying a microwave field to Feshbach
molecules. The production mechanism is illustrated for two polar molecules: KRb
and RbCs.


title:
Hedging our bets: the expected contribution of species to future
  phylogenetic diversity

abstract:
  If predictions for species extinctions hold, then the `tree of life' today
may be quite different to that in (say) 100 years. We describe a technique to
quantify how much each species is likely to contribute to future biodiversity,
as measured by its expected contribution to phylogenetic diversity. Our
approach considers all possible scenarios for the set of species that will be
extant at some future time, and weights them according to their likelihood
under an independent (but not identical) distribution on species extinctions.
Although the number of extinction scenarios can typically be very large, we
show that there is a simple algorithm that will quickly compute this index. The
method is implemented and applied to the prosimian primates as a test case, and
the associated species ranking is compared to a related measure (the `Shapley
index'). We describe indices for rooted and unrooted trees, and a modification
that also includes the focal taxon's probability of extinction, making it
directly comparable to some new conservation metrics.


title:
Proper path-factors and interval edge-coloring of (3,4)-biregular
  bigraphs

abstract:
  An interval coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of E(G) by positive
integers such that the colors on the edges incident to any vertex are
consecutive. A (3,4)-biregular bigraph is a bipartite graph in which each
vertex of one part has degree 3 and each vertex of the other has degree 4; it
is unknown whether these all have interval colorings. We prove that G has an
interval coloring using 6 colors when G is a (3,4)-biregular bigraph having a
spanning subgraph whose components are paths with endpoints at 3-valent
vertices and lengths in {2,4,6,8}. We provide sufficient conditions for the
existence of such a subgraph.


title: Opportunistic Communications in an Orthogonal Multiaccess Relay Channel

abstract:
  The problem of resource allocation is studied for a two-user fading
orthogonal multiaccess relay channel (MARC) where both users (sources)
communicate with a destination in the presence of a relay. A half-duplex relay
is considered that transmits on a channel orthogonal to that used by the
sources. The instantaneous fading state between every transmit-receive pair in
this network is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and receiver. Under
an average power constraint at each source and the relay, the sum-rate for the
achievable strategy of decode-and-forward (DF) is maximized over all power
allocations (policies) at the sources and relay. It is shown that the sum-rate
maximizing policy exploits the multiuser fading diversity to reveal the
optimality of opportunistic channel use by each user. A geometric
interpretation of the optimal power policy is also presented.


title: Observation of the Decay \bar{B0}-> Ds+ Lambda \bar{p}

abstract:
  We report the first observation of the decay \bar{B0} -> D_s^+ Lambda \bar{p}
with a statistical significance of 6.6 sigma. We measure Br(\bar{B0} -> Ds+
Lambda \bar{p}) = (2.9 \pm 0.7\pm 0.5 \pm 0.4)* 10^{-5}, where the first error
is statistical, the second is systematic and the third error comes fr\om the
uncertainty in Br(Ds+ -> phi pi+). The data used for this analysis was
accumulated at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, using the Belle detector at the KEKB
asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. The integrated luminosity of the data sample
is 414 fb-1, corresponding to 449*10^{6} B{\bar B} pairs.


title:
Investigation of Neutron--Deuteron Charge-Exchange Reaction at Small
  Transfer Momentum

abstract:
  Analysis of the $nd\to p(nn)$ reaction in a GeV-energy region is performed in
the framework based on the multiple-scattering theory for the few-nucleon
system. The special kinematic condition, when momentum transfer from neutron
beam to final proton closes to zero, is considered. The possibility to extract
the spin-dependent term of the elementary $np\to pn $ amplitude from
$nd$-breakup process is investigated. The energy dependence of the ratio
$R=\frac{d\sigma_{nd}} {d\Omega} / \frac{d\sigma_{np}}{d\Omega}$ is obtained
taking account of the final-state interaction of the two outgoing neutrons in
$^1 S_0$-state.


title: Phase structure, collective modes, and the axial anomaly in dense QCD

abstract:
  Using a general Ginzburg-Landau effective Lagrangian, we study the
topological structure and low-lying collective modes of dense QCD having both
chiral and diquark condensates, for two and three massless flavors. As we found
earlier, the QCD axial anomaly acts as an external field applied to the chiral
condensate in a color superconductor and, as a new critical point emerges,
leads to a crossover between the broken chiral symmetry and color
superconducting phases. At intermediate densities where both chiral and diquark
condensates are present, we derive a generalized Gell-Mann- Oakes-Renner
relation between the masses of pseudoscalar bosons and the magnitude of the
chiral and diquark-condensates. We show explicitly the continuity of the
ordinary pion at low densities to a generalized pion at high densities.


title: 658 GHz Vibrationally-Excited Water Masers with the Submillimeter Array

abstract:
  Discovered in 1995 at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO), the
vibrationally-excited water maser line at 658 GHz (455 micron) is seen in
oxygen-rich giant and supergiant stars. Because this maser can be so strong (up
to thousands of Janskys), it was very helpful during the commissioning phase of
the highest frequency band (620-700 GHz) of the Submillimeter Array (SMA)
interferometer. From late 2002 to early 2006, brief attempts were made to
search for emission from additional sources beyond the original CSO survey.
These efforts have expanded the source count from 10 to 16. The maser emission
appears to be quite compact spatially, as expected from theoretical
considerations; thus these objects can potentially be used as atmospheric phase
calibrators. Many of these objects also exhibit maser emission in the
vibrationally-excited SiO maser at 215 GHz. Because both maser lines likely
originate from a similar physical region, these objects can be used to test
techniques of phase transfer calibration between millimeter and submillimeter
bands. The 658 GHz masers will be important beacons to assess the performance
of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in this challenging high-frequency
band.


title:
Couplings between a collection of BF models and a set of three-form
  gauge fields

abstract:
  Consistent interactions that can be added to a free, Abelian gauge theory
comprising a collection of BF models and a set of three-form gauge fields are
constructed from the deformation of the solution to the master equation based
on specific cohomological techniques. Under the hypotheses of smooth, local, PT
invariant, Lorentz covariant, and Poincare invariant interactions, supplemented
with the requirement on the preservation of the number of derivatives on each
field with respect to the free theory, we obtain that the deformation procedure
modifies the Lagrangian action, the gauge transformations as well as the
accompanying algebra.


title:
The integral equation approach to kinematic dynamo theory and its
  application to dynamo experiments in cylindrical geometry

abstract:
  The conventional magnetic induction equation that governs hydromagnetic
dynamo action is transformed into an equivalent integral equation system. An
advantage of this approach is that the computational domain is restricted to
the region occupied by the electrically conducting fluid and to its boundary.
This integral equation approach is first employed to simulate kinematic dynamos
excited by Beltrami-like flows in a finite cylinder. The impact of externally
added layers around the cylinder on the onset of dynamo actions is
investigated. Then it is applied to simulate dynamo experiments within
cylindrical geometry including the von Karman sodium (VKS) experiment and the
Riga dynamo experiment. A modified version of this approach is utilized to
investigate magnetic induction effects under the influence of externally
applied magnetic fields which is also important to measure the proximity of a
given dynamo facility to the self-excitation threshold.


title:
No cross-interactions between the Weyl graviton and the massless
  Rarita-Schwinger field

abstract:
  The proof of the fact that there are no nontrivial, consistent
cross-couplings that can be added between the Weyl graviton and the massless
Rarita-Schwinger field is accomplished by means of a cohomological approach,
based on the deformation of the solution to the master equation from the
antifield-Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism. The procedure developed
here relies on the assumptions of locality, smoothness, (background) Lorentz
invariance, Poincare invariance, and preservation of the number of derivatives
with respect to each field (the last hypothesis was made only in antighost
number zero).


title:
Minimum Expected Distortion in Gaussian Layered Broadcast Coding with
  Successive Refinement

abstract:
  A transmitter without channel state information (CSI) wishes to send a
delay-limited Gaussian source over a slowly fading channel. The source is coded
in superimposed layers, with each layer successively refining the description
in the previous one. The receiver decodes the layers that are supported by the
channel realization and reconstructs the source up to a distortion. In the
limit of a continuum of infinite layers, the optimal power distribution that
minimizes the expected distortion is given by the solution to a set of linear
differential equations in terms of the density of the fading distribution. In
the optimal power distribution, as SNR increases, the allocation over the
higher layers remains unchanged; rather the extra power is allocated towards
the lower layers. On the other hand, as the bandwidth ratio b (channel uses per
source symbol) tends to zero, the power distribution that minimizes expected
distortion converges to the power distribution that maximizes expected
capacity. While expected distortion can be improved by acquiring CSI at the
transmitter (CSIT) or by increasing diversity from the realization of
independent fading paths, at high SNR the performance benefit from diversity
exceeds that from CSIT, especially when b is large.


title:
Competing superfluid and density-wave ground-states of fermionic
  mixtures with mass imbalance in optical lattices

abstract:
  We study the effect of mass imbalance on the phase diagram of a two-component
fermionic mixture with attractive interactions in optical lattices. Using
static and dynamical mean-field theories, we show that the pure superfluid
phase is stable for all couplings when the mass imbalance is smaller than a
limiting value. For larger imbalance, phase separation between a superfluid and
a charge-density wave takes place when the coupling exceeds a critical
strength. The harmonic trap induces a spatial segregation of the two phases,
with a rapid variation of the density at the boundary.


title:
Application of the equal dissipation rate principle to automatic
  generation of strut-and-tie models

abstract:
  This work presents an extended formulation of maximal stiffness design,
within the framework of the topology optimization. The mathematical formulation
of the optimization problem is based on the postulated principle of equal
dissipation rate during inelastic deformation. This principle leads to the
enforcement of stress constraints in domains where inelastic deformation would
occur. During the transition from the continuous structure to the truss-like
one (strut-and-tie model) the dissipation rate is kept constant using the
projected gradient method. The equal dissipation rate in the resulting truss
and in the original continuous structure can be regarded as an equivalence
statement and suggests an alternative understanding of physical motivation
behind the strut-and-tie modeling. The performance of the proposed formulation
is demonstrated with the help of two examples.


title: Plastic-damage model for concrete in principal directions

abstract:
  In the present paper a plastic-damage model for concrete is discussed. Based
on the fact that for isotropic materials the elastic trial stress and the
projected plastic stress states have the same eigenvec-tors, the loading
surface is formulated in the principal stress space rather than using the
invariants of stress tensor. The model assumes that the directions of
orthotropic damage coincide with principal directions of elastic predictor
stress state (motivated by coaxial rotated crack model). Due to this
assumption, the load-ing surface and the closest point projection algorithm can
still be formulated in the principal directions. The evolution of the inelastic
strain is determined using minimization principle. Damage and plastic parts of
the inelastic strain are separated using a scalar parameter, which is assumed
to be stress dependent. The paper also discusses an effective numerical
implementation. The performance of the model is demonstrated on one
illustrative example.


title: Scalar damage model for concrete without explicit evolution law

abstract:
  Based on the fact that for an isotropic material model the elastic predictor
and the projected stress tensors have the same eigenvectors, it is shown that
the scalar damage can be obtained directly from the projection algorithm. This
eliminates the difficulty of a proper definition of equivalent strain which
serves as a driving force for evolution of damage in concrete. Moreover, if
eigenvectors are known it is not more nec-essary to use invariants of the
stress tensor for the formulation of loading surface. In the present model the
loading surface is represented in the polynomial form. This has two advantages:
(i) it automatically fulfils C1 continuity and (ii) plane stress formulation is
achieved by simply setting the third stress to zero. The perform-ance of the
model is illustrated on example of a mixed-mode fracture of concrete. It is
shown that for the pre-sent example the model prediction strongly depends on
the choice of the stress degradation law.


title: A Wegner estimate for multi-particle random Hamiltonians

abstract:
  We prove a Wegner estimate for a large class of multiparticle Anderson
Hamiltonians on the lattice. These estimates will allow us to prove Anderson
localization for such systems. A detailed proof of localization will be given
in a subsequent paper.


title: Local quantum mechanics with finite Planck mass

abstract:
  In this paper the motion of quantum particles with initial mass m is
investigated. The quantum mechanics equation is formulated and solved. It is
shown that the wave function contains the component which is depended on the
gravitation fine structure constant