title: 3D Reconstruction of Extensive Air Showers from Fluorescence Data

abstract:
  A new method to reconstruct the 3-dimensional structure of extensive air
showers, seen by fluorescence detectors, is proposed. The observation of the
shower is done in 2-dimensional pixels, for consecutive time bins. Time
corresponds to a third dimension. Assuming that the cosmic ray shower
propagates as a plane wave front moving at the speed of light, a complex 3D
volume in space can be associated to each measured charge (per pixel and time
bin). The 3D description in space allows a simultaneous access to the
longitudinal and lateral profiles of each shower. In the case that several eyes
observe the same shower, the method gives a straight-forward combination of all
the information. This method is in an early phase of development and is not
used for the general reconstruction of the Auger data.


title:
pi/K -> e nu branching ratios to O(e^2 p^4) in Chiral Perturbation
  Theory

abstract:
  We calculate the ratios R_{e/mu}^{(P)} = Gamma(P -> e nu)/Gamma (P -> mu nu)
(P=pi,K) in Chiral Perturbation Theory to order e^2 p^4. We complement the one-
and two-loop effective theory results with a matching calculation of the local
counterterm, performed within the large-$N_C$ expansion. We find
R_{e/mu}^{(\pi)} = (1.2352 \pm 0.0001)*10^{-4} and R_{e/mu}^{(K)} = (2.477 \pm
0.001)*10^{-5}, with uncertainty induced by the matching procedure and chiral
power counting. Given the sensitivity of upcoming new measurements, our results
provide a clean baseline to detect or constrain effects from weak-scale new
physics in these rare decays. As a by-product, we also update the theoretical
analysis of the individual pi/K -> \ell nu modes.


title: Isoperiodic classical systems and their quantum counterparts

abstract:
  One-dimensional isoperiodic classical systems have been first analyzed by
Abel. Abel's characterization can be extended for singular potentials and
potentials which are not defined on the whole real line. The standard shear
equivalence of isoperiodic potentials can also be extended by using reflection
and inversion transformations. We provide a full characterization of
isoperiodic rational potentials showing that they are connected by
translations, reflections or Joukowski transformations. Upon quantization many
of these isoperiodic systems fail to exhibit identical quantum energy spectra.
This anomaly occurs at order O(h^2) because semiclassical corrections of energy
levels of order O(h) are identical for all isoperiodic systems. We analyze
families of systems where this quantum anomaly occurs and some special systems
where the spectral identity is preserved by quantization. Conversely, we point
out the existence of isospectral quantum systems which do not correspond to
isoperiodic classical systems.


title:
Weak Convergence in the Prokhorov Metric of Methods for Stochastic
  Differential Equations

abstract:
  We consider the weak convergence of numerical methods for stochastic
differential equations (SDEs). Weak convergence is usually expressed in terms
of the convergence of expected values of test functions of the trajectories.
Here we present an alternative formulation of weak convergence in terms of the
well-known Prokhorov metric on spaces of random variables. For a general class
of methods, we establish bounds on the rates of convergence in terms of the
Prokhorov metric. In doing so, we revisit the original proofs of weak
convergence and show explicitly how the bounds on the error depend on the
smoothness of the test functions. As an application of our result, we use the
Strassen - Dudley theorem to show that the numerical approximation and the true
solution to the system of SDEs can be re-embedded in a probability space in
such a way that the method converges there in a strong sense. One corollary of
this last result is that the method converges in the Wasserstein distance,
another metric on spaces of random variables. Another corollary establishes
rates of convergence for expected values of test functions assuming only local
Lipschitz continuity. We conclude with a review of the existing results for
pathwise convergence of weakly converging methods and the corresponding strong
results available under re-embedding.


title: Gamma/hadron separation in IACTs using 3D EAS variables

abstract:
  A new approach to Gamma/Hadron separation algorithms is proposed. The
differences between Gamma and Hadron showers are notorious in two main aspects.
The first is the wideness of the shower, and the second is the distribution of
the angles of emission of Cherenkov photons in respect to the shower main axis.
Using more than one IAC telescope, and their respective bi-dimensional images
of arrival directions of the Cherenkov photons, the 3D geometrical
characteristics of the shower can be reconstructed.


title: Note Integer Factoring Methods III

abstract:
  The best deterministic unconditionally proven integer factorization
algorithms have exponential running time complexities of O(N^(1/4)) arithmetic
operations, and conditional on the Riemann hypothesis, there is a deterministic
algorithm of exponential running time complexity O(N^(1/5)). This note proposes
a new deterministic integer factorization algorithm of deterministic
exponential time complexity O(N^(1/6)). Furthermore, an algorithm for
decomposing composite integers that have factor differences of the form q - p =
(r - 1)N^(1/2) + u, where r > 1 is a fixed parameter, and | u | < N^(1/3), in
deterministic logarithmic time and various other results are included.


title:
Large deviations for occupation times of Markov processes with
  $L_{\mathbf{2}}$ semigroups

abstract:
  Our aim is to unify and extend the large deviation upper and lower bounds for
the occupation times of a Markov process with $L_2$ semigroups under minimal
conditions on the state space and the process trajectories; for example, no
strong Markov property is needed. The methods used here apply in both
continuous and discrete time. We present the proofs for continuous time only
because of the inherent technical difficulties in that situation; the proofs
can be adapted for discrete time in a straightforward manner.


title:
Geometric Computational Electrodynamics with Variational Integrators and
  Discrete Differential Forms

abstract:
  In this paper, we develop a structure-preserving discretization of the
Lagrangian framework for electromagnetism, combining techniques from
variational integrators and discrete differential forms. This leads to a
general family of variational, multisymplectic numerical methods for solving
Maxwell's equations that automatically preserve key symmetries and invariants.
  In doing so, we demonstrate several new results, which apply both to some
well-established numerical methods and to new methods introduced here. First,
we show that Yee's finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme, along with a
number of related methods, are multisymplectic and derive from a discrete
Lagrangian variational principle. Second, we generalize the Yee scheme to
unstructured meshes, not just in space but in 4-dimensional spacetime. This
relaxes the need to take uniform time steps, or even to have a preferred time
coordinate at all. Finally, as an example of the type of methods that can be
developed within this general framework, we introduce a new asynchronous
variational integrator (AVI) for solving Maxwell's equations. These results are
illustrated with some prototype simulations that show excellent energy and
conservation behavior and lack of spurious modes, even for an irregular mesh
with asynchronous time stepping.


title: Extended Quintessence with non-minimally coupled phantom scalar field

abstract:
  We investigate evolutional paths of an extended quintessence with a
non-minimally coupled phantom scalar field $\psi$ to the Ricci curvature. The
dynamical system methods are used to investigate typical regimes of dynamics at
the late time. We demonstrate that there are two generic types of evolutional
scenarios which approach the attractor (a focus or a node type critical point)
in the phase space: the quasi-oscillatory and monotonic trajectories approach
to the attractor which represents the FRW model with the cosmological constant.
We demonstrate that dynamical system admits invariant two-dimensional
submanifold and discussion that which cosmological scenario is realized depends
on behavior of the system on the phase plane $(\psi, \psi')$. We formulate
simple conditions on the value of coupling constant $\xi$ for which
trajectories tend to the focus in the phase plane and hence damping
oscillations around the mysterious value $w=-1$. We describe this condition in
terms of slow-roll parameters calculated at the critical point. We discover
that the generic trajectories in the focus-attractor scenario come from the
unstable node. It is also investigated the exact form of the parametrization of
the equation of state parameter $w(z)$ (directly determined from dynamics)
which assumes a different form for both scenarios.


title: Exact marginality in open string field theory: a general framework

abstract:
  We construct analytic solutions of open bosonic string field theory for any
exactly marginal deformation in any boundary conformal field theory when
properly renormalized operator products of the marginal operator are given. We
explicitly provide such renormalized operator products for a class of marginal
deformations which include the deformations of flat D-branes in flat
backgrounds by constant massless modes of the gauge field and of the scalar
fields on the D-branes, the cosine potential for a space-like coordinate, and
the hyperbolic cosine potential for the time-like coordinate. In our
construction we use integrated vertex operators, which are closely related to
finite deformations in boundary conformal field theory, while previous analytic
solutions were based on unintegrated vertex operators. We also introduce a
modified star product to formulate string field theory around the deformed
background.


title:
Stellar SEDs from 0.3-2.5 Microns: Tracing the Stellar Locus and
  Searching for Color Outliers in SDSS and 2MASS

abstract:
  The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) are
rich resources for studying stellar astrophysics and the structure and
formation history of the Galaxy. As new surveys and instruments adopt similar
filter sets, it is increasingly important to understand the properties of the
ugrizJHKs stellar locus, both to inform studies of `normal' main sequence stars
as well as for robust searches for point sources with unusual colors. Using a
sample of ~600,000 point sources detected by SDSS and 2MASS, we tabulate the
position and width of the ugrizJHKs stellar locus as a function of g-i color,
and provide accurate polynomial fits. We map the Morgan-Keenan spectral type
sequence to the median stellar locus by using synthetic photometry of spectral
standards and by analyzing 3000 SDSS stellar spectra with a custom spectral
typing pipeline. We develop an algorithm to calculate a point source's minimum
separation from the stellar locus in a seven-dimensional color space, and use
it to robustly identify objects with unusual colors, as well as spurious
SDSS/2MASS matches. Analysis of a final catalog of 2117 color outliers
identifies 370 white-dwarf/M dwarf (WDMD) pairs, 93 QSOs, and 90 M giant/carbon
star candidates, and demonstrates that WDMD pairs and QSOs can be distinguished
on the basis of their J-Ks and r-z colors. We also identify a group of objects
with correlated offsets in the u-g vs. g-r and g-r vs. r-i color-color spaces,
but subsequent follow-up is required to reveal the nature of these objects.
Future applications of this algorithm to a matched SDSS-UKIDSS catalog may well
identify additional classes of objects with unusual colors by probing new areas
of color-magnitude space.


title:
Bulk-edge coupling in the non-abelian $\nu=5/2$ quantum Hall
  interferometer

abstract:
  Recent schemes for experimentally probing non-abelian statistics in the
quantum Hall effect are based on geometries where current-carrying
quasiparticles flow along edges that encircle bulk quasiparticles, which are
localized. Here we consider one such scheme, the Fabry-Perot interferometer,
and analyze how its interference patterns are affected by a coupling that
allows tunneling of neutral Majorana fermions between the bulk and edge. While
at weak coupling this tunneling degrades the interference signal, we find that
at strong coupling, the bulk quasiparticle becomes essentially absorbed by the
edge and the intereference signal is fully restored.


title:
Current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor/ferromagnet junctions
  in the spin blockade regime

abstract:
  It was recently predicted [Phys. Rev. B 75, 193301 (2007)] that spin blockade
may develop at nonmagnetic semiconductor/perfect ferromagnet junctions when the
electron flow is directed from the semiconductor into the ferromagnet. Here we
consider current-voltage characteristics of such junctions. By taking into
account the contact resistance, we demonstrate a current stabilization effect:
by increasing the applied voltage the current density through the junction
saturates at a specific value. The transient behavior of the current density is
also investigated.


title: Entanglement in neutrino oscillations

abstract:
  Flavor oscillations in elementary particle physics are related to multi-mode
entanglement of single-particle states. We show that mode entanglement can be
expressed in terms of flavor transition probabilities, and therefore that
single-particle entangled states acquire a precise operational characterization
in the context of particle mixing. We treat in detail the physically relevant
cases of two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations, including the effective
measure of CP violation. We discuss experimental schemes for the transfer of
the quantum information encoded in single-neutrino states to spatially
delocalized two-flavor charged lepton states, thus showing, at least in
principle, that single-particle entangled states of neutrino mixing are
legitimate physical resources for quantum information tasks.

categories: hep-ph astro-ph hep-th math-ph math.MP quant-ph


title: Halo Star Streams in the Solar Neighborhood

abstract:
  We have assembled a sample of halo stars in the solar neighborhood to look
for halo substructure in velocity and angular momentum space. Our sample
includes red giants, RR Lyrae, and red horizontal branch stars within 2.5 kpc
of the Sun with [Fe/H] less than -1.0. It was chosen to include stars with
accurate distances, space velocities, and metallicities as well as
well-quantified errors. We confirm the existence of the streams found by Helmi
and coworkers, which we refer to as the H99 streams. These streams have a
double-peaked velocity distribution in the z direction. We use the results of
modeling of the H99 streams by Helmi and collaborators to test how one might
use v_z velocity information and radial velocity information to detect
kinematic substructure in the halo. We find that detecting the H99 streams with
radial velocities alone would require a large sample. We use the velocity
distribution of the H99 streams to estimate their age. From our model of the
progenitor of the H99 streams, we determine that it was accreted between 6 and
9 Gyr ago. The H99 streams have [alpha/Fe] abundances similar to other halo
stars in the solar neighborhood, suggesting that the gas that formed these
stars were enriched mostly by Type II SNe. We have also discovered in angular
momentum space two other possible substructures, which we refer to as the
retrograde and prograde outliers. The retrograde outliers are likely to be halo
substructure, but the prograde outliers are most likely part of the smooth
halo. The retrograde outliers have significant structure in the v_phi direction
and show a range of [alpha/Fe]. The methods presented in this paper can be used
to exploit the kinematic information present in future large databases like
RAVE, SDSSII/SEGUE, and Gaia.


title: GRB Energetics in the Swift Era

abstract:
  We examine the rest frame energetics of 76 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known
redshift that were detected by the Swift spacecraft and monitored by the
satellite's X-ray Telescope (XRT). Using the bolometric fluence values
estimated in Butler et al. 2007b and the last XRT observation for each event,
we set a lower limit the their collimation corrected energy Eg and find that a
68% of our sample are at high enough redshift and/or low enough fluence to
accommodate a jet break occurring beyond the last XRT observation and still be
consistent with the pre-Swift Eg distribution for long GRBs. We find that
relatively few of the X-ray light curves for the remaining events show evidence
for late-time decay slopes that are consistent with that expected from post jet
break emission. The breaks in the X-ray light curves that do exist tend to be
shallower and occur earlier than the breaks previously observed in optical
light curves, yielding a Eg distribution that is far lower than the pre-Swift
distribution. If these early X-ray breaks are not due to jet effects, then a
small but significant fraction of our sample have lower limits to their
collimation corrected energy that place them well above the pre-Swift Eg
distribution. Either scenario would necessitate a much wider post-Swift Eg
distribution for long cosmological GRBs compared to the narrow standard energy
deduced from pre-Swift observations. We note that almost all of the pre-Swift
Eg estimates come from jet breaks detected in the optical whereas our sample is
limited entirely to X-ray wavelengths, furthering the suggestion that the
assumed achromaticity of jet breaks may not extend to high energies.


title:
Excitation mechanisms in newly discovered H2-bearing Damped Lyman-alpha
  clouds: systems with low molecular fractions

abstract:
  We probe the physical conditions in high-redshift damped Ly-alpha systems
using the observed molecular fraction and the rotational excitation of
molecular hydrogen. We report two new detections of H2 at z = 2.402 and 1.989
toward, respectively, HE 0027-1836 and HE 2318-1107. We also present a detailed
analysis of our recent H2 detection toward Q2343+125. All three systems have
low molecular fractions, log f < -4, with f = 2N(H2)/(2N(H2) + N(HI)). Only one
such H2 system was known previously. The depletion patterns for Si, S, Ti, Cr,
Mn, Fe and Ni in the three systems are found to be very similar to what is
observed in diffuse gas of the Galactic halo. H2 absorption from rotational
levels up to J = 5 is observed in a single component toward HE 0027-1836. We
show that the width (Doppler parameter) of the H2 lines increases with
increasing J and that the kinetic energy derived from the Doppler parameter is
linearly dependent on the relative energy of the rotational levels. The
excitation temperature is found to be 90 K for J = 0 to J = 2 and ~500 K for
higher J levels. Single isothermal PDR models fail to reproduce the observed
rotational excitations. A two-component model is needed: one component of low
density (~50 cm-3) with weak illumination (chi = 1) to explain the J <= 2
rotational levels and another of high density (~500 cm-3) with strong
illumination (chi = 30) for J >= 3 levels. However, the juxtaposition of these
two PDR components may be ad-hoc and the multicomponent structure could result
either from turbulent dissipation or C-shocks.


title: A simple superluminal but not physical motion

abstract:
  We discuss a superluminal unphysical motion which, we believe, has a high
pedagogical potential. It highlights the physics behind the concept of
simultaneity in special relativity and illustrates the non-physical character
of superluminal speeds offering a rewarding exercise in handling the Minkowski
space-time diagram.


title: Antitruncated Stellar Disks via Minor Mergers

abstract:
  We use hydrodynamic simulations of minor mergers of galaxies to investigate
the nature of surface brightness excesses at large radii observed in some
spiral galaxies: antitruncated stellar disks. We find that this process can
produce the antitruncation via two competing effects: (1) merger-driven gas
inflows that concentrate mass in the center of the primary galaxy and contract
its inner density profile; and (2) angular momentum transferred outwards by the
interaction, causing the outer disk to expand. In our experiments, this
requires both a significant supply of gas in the primary disk, and that the
encounter be prograde with moderate orbital angular momentum. The stellar
surface mass density profiles of our remnants both qualitatively and
quantitatively resemble the broken exponentials observed in local face--on
spirals that display antitruncations. Moreover, the observed trend towards more
frequent antitruncation relative to classical truncation in earlier Hubble
types is consistent with a merger-driven scenario.


title:
Wide-field mid-infrared and millimetre imaging of the high-redshift
  radio galaxy, 4C41.17

abstract:
  We present deep 350- and 1200-micron imaging of the region around 4C41.17 --
one of the most distant (z = 3.792) and luminous known radio galaxies --
obtained with the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC-II) and
the Max Planck Millimeter Bolometer Array (MAMBO). The radio galaxy is robustly
detected at 350- and 1200-micron, as are two nearby 850-micron-selected
galaxies; a third 850-micron source is detected at 350-micron and coincides
with a ~ 2-sigma feature in the 1200-micron map. Further away from the radio
galaxy an additional nine sources are detected at 1200-micron, bringing the
total number of detected (sub)millimeter selected galaxies (SMGs) in this field
to 14. Using radio images from the Very Large Array (VLA) and Spitzer
mid-infrared (mid-IR) data, we find statistically robust radio and/or 24-micron
counterparts to eight of the 14 SMGs in the field around 4C41.17. Follow-up
spectroscopy with Keck/LRIS has yielded redshifts for three of the eight
robustly identified SMGs, placing them in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 2.7,
i.e. well below that of 4C41.17. We infer photometric redshifts for a further
four sources using their 1.6-micron (rest-frame) stellar feature as probed by
the IRAC bands; only one of them is likely to be at the same redshift as
4C41.17. Thus at least four, and as many as seven, of the SMGs within the
4C41.17 field are physically unrelated to the radio galaxy. With the redshift
information at hand we are able to constrain the observed over-densities of
SMGs within radial bins stretching to R=50 and 100" (~ 0.4 and ~ 0.8Mpc at z ~
3.8) from the radio galaxy to ~ 5x and ~ 2x that of the field, dropping off to
the background value at R=150". [Abridged]


title:
Quantum interference terms in nonmesonic weak decay of
  $\Lambda$-hypernuclei within a RPA formalism

abstract:
  Single and double coincidence nucleon spectra in the $\Lambda$-hypernuclei
weak decay are evaluated and discussed using a microscopic formalism. Nuclear
matter is employed together with the local density approximation which allows
us to analyze the $^{12}_{\Lambda}C$ hypernucleus non-mesonic weak decay. Final
state interactions (FSI) are included via the first order (in the nuclear
residual interaction) terms to the RPA, where the strong residual interaction
is modelled by a Bonn potential. At this level of approximation, these FSI are
pure quantum interference terms between the primary decay $(\Lambda N \to NN)$
and $(\Lambda N \to NN \to NN)$, where the strong interaction is responsible
for the last piece in the second reaction. Also the Pauli exchange
contributions are explicitly evaluated. We show that the inclusion of Pauli
exchange terms is important. A comparison with data is made. We conclude that
the limitations in phase space in the RPA makes this approximation inadequate
to reproduce the nucleon spectra. This fact, does not allow us to draw a
definite conclusion about the importance of the interference terms.


title:
HST and Spitzer imaging of red and blue galaxies at z~2.5: A correlation
  between size and star formation activity from compact quiescent galaxies to
  extended star forming galaxies

abstract:
  We present HST NICMOS+ACS and Spitzer IRAC+MIPS observations of 41 galaxies
at 2<z<3.5 in the FIRES MS1054 field with red and blue rest-frame optical
colors. About half of the galaxies are very compact (effective radii r_e < 1
kpc) at rest-frame optical wavelengths, the others are extended (1< r_e < 10
kpc). For reference, 1 kpc corresponds to 0.12 arcsec at z=2.5 in the adopted
cosmology. We separate actively star forming galaxies from quiescent galaxies
by modeling their rest-frame UV-NIR SEDs. The star forming galaxies span the
full range of sizes, while the quiescent galaxies all have r_e<2kpc. In the
redshift range where MIPS 24 micron imaging is a sensitive probe of re-radiated
dust emission (z<2.5), the 24 micron fluxes confirm that the light of the small
quiescent galaxies is dominated by old stars, rather than dust-enshrouded star
formation or AGN activity. The inferred surface mass densities and velocity
dispersions for the quiescent galaxies are very high compared to those in local
galaxies. The galaxies follow a Kormendy relation (between surface brightness
and size) with approximately the same slope as locally, but shifted to brighter
surface brightnesses, consistent with a mean stellar formation redshift of
z_f~5. This paper demonstrates a direct relation between star formation
activity and size at z~2.5, and the existence of a significant population of
massive, extremely dense, old stellar systems without readily identifiable
counterparts in the local universe.


title: Entanglement sudden death in qubit-qutrit systems

abstract:
  We demonstrate the existence of entanglement sudden death (ESD), the complete
loss of entanglement in finite time, in qubit-qutrit systems. In particular,
ESD is shown to occur in such systems initially prepared in a one-parameter
class of entangled mixed states and then subjected to local dephasing noise.
Together with previous results, this proves the existence of ESD for some
states in all quantum systems for which rigorously defined mixed-state
entanglement measures have been identified. We conjecture that ESD exists in
all quantum systems prepared in appropriate bipartite states.


title:
A signed analog of Euler's reduction formula for the double zeta
  function

abstract:
  The double zeta function is a function of two arguments defined by a double
Dirichlet series, and was first studied by Euler in response to a letter from
Goldbach in 1742. By calculating many examples, Euler inferred a closed form
evaluation of the double zeta function in terms of values of the Riemann zeta
function, in the case when the two arguments are positive integers with
opposite parity. Here, we consider a signed analog of Euler's evaluation:
namely a reduction formula for the signed double zeta function that reduces to
Euler's evaluation when the signs are specialized to 1. This formula was first
stated in a 1997 paper by Borwein, Bradley and Broadhurst and was subsequently
proved by Flajolet and Salvy using contour integration. The purpose here is to
give an elementary proof based on a partial fraction identity.


title: Leadership in 2D living neural networks

abstract:
  Eytan and Marom recently showed that the spontaneous burst activity of rat
neuron cultures includes `first to fire' cells that consistently fire earlier
than others. Here we analyze the behavior of these neurons in long term
recordings of spontaneous activity of rat hippocampal and rat cortical neuron
cultures from three different laboratories. We identify precursor events that
may either subside (`small events') or can lead to a full-blown burst
(`pre-bursts'). We find that the activation in the pre-burst typically has a
first neuron (`leader'), followed by a localized response in its neighborhood.
Locality is diminished in the bursts themselves. The long term dynamics of the
leaders is relatively robust, evolving with a half-life of 23-34 hours.
Stimulation of the culture can temporarily alter the leader distribution, but
it returns to the previous distribution within about 1 hour. We show that the
leaders carry information about the identity of the burst, as measured by the
signature of the number of spikes per neuron in a burst. The number of spikes
from leaders in the first few spikes of a precursor event is furthermore shown
to be predictive with regard to the transition into a burst (pre-burst versus
small event). We conclude that the leaders play a r\^ole in the development of
the bursts, and conjecture that they are part of an underlying sub-network that
is excited first and then act as nucleation centers for the burst.


title: Expected Utility Optimization - Calculus of Variations Approach

abstract:
  In this paper, I'll derive the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation for Merton's
problem in Utility Optimization Theory using a Calculus of Variations (CoV)
Approach. For stochastic control problems, Dynamic Programming (DP) has been
used as a standard method. To the best of my knowledge, no one has used CoV for
this problem. In addition, while the DP approach cannot guarantee that the
optimum satisfies the HJ equation, the CoV approach does.
  Be aware that this is the first draft of this paper and many flaws might be
introduced.


title: Small weakly universal Turing machines

abstract:
  We give small universal Turing machines with state-symbol pairs of (6, 2),
(3, 3) and (2, 4). These machines are weakly universal, which means that they
have an infinitely repeated word to the left of their input and another to the
right. They simulate Rule 110 and are currently the smallest known weakly
universal Turing machines.


title:
Tuning of ferromagnetism through anion substitution in Ga-Mn-pnictide
  ferromagnetic semiconductors

abstract:
  We have synthesized Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy and Ga1-xMnxP1-yNy by the combination of
ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting. We find that the incorporation of
isovalent impurities with smaller atomic radii leads to a realignment of the
magnetic easy axis in Ga1-xMnxP1-yNy/GaP and Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy/GaAs thin films
from in-plane to out-of-plane. This tensile-strain-induced magnetic anisotropy
is reminiscent of that observed in Ga1-xMnxAs grown on larger lattice constant
(In,Ga)As buffer layers indicating that the role of strain in determining
magnetic anisotropy is fundamental to III-Mn-V materials. In addition, we
observe a decrease in the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy
with increasing y from 0 to 0.028. Such a decrease may result from localization
of holes as the P/As ratio on the Group V sublattice increases.


title:
Non-equilibrium scaling limit for a tagged particle in the simple
  exclusion process with long jumps

abstract:
  We prove an invariance principle for a tagged particle in a simple exclusion
process out of equilibrium. The scaling limit is a time-inhomogeneous process
of independent increments, related to the solution of a fractional heat
equation.


title: Estimating the Spins of Stellar-Mass Black Holes

abstract:
  We describe a program that we have embarked on to estimate the spins of
stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries. We fit the continuum X-ray spectrum
of the radiation from the accretion disk using the standard thin disk model,
and extract the dimensionless spin parameter a* = a/M of the black hole as a
parameter of the fit. We have obtained results on three systems, 4U 1543-47 (a*
= 0.7-0.85), GRO J1655-40 (0.65-0.8), and GRS 1915+105 (0.98-1), and have
nearly completed analysis of two additional systems. We anticipate expanding
the sample of spin estimates to about a dozen over the next several years.


title: Temperature Dependence of Rashba Spin-orbit Coupling in Quantum Wells

abstract:
  We perform an all-optical spin-dynamic measurement of the Rashba spin-orbit
interaction in (110)-oriented GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. The crystallographic
direction of quantum confinement allows us to disentangle the contributions to
spin-orbit coupling from the structural inversion asymmetry (Rashba term) and
the bulk inversion asymmetry. We observe an unexpected temperature dependence
of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction strength that signifies the importance of
the usually neglected higher-order terms of the Rashba coupling.


title:
On tight contact structures with negative maximal twisting number on
  small Seifert manifolds

abstract:
  We study some properties of transverse contact structures on small Seifert
manifolds, and we apply them to the classification of tight contact structures
on a family of small Seifert manifolds.


title: Phase growth in bistable systems with impurities

abstract:
  A system of coupled chaotic bistable maps on a lattice with randomly
distributed impurities is investigated as a model for studying the phenomenon
of phase growth in nonuniform media. The statistical properties of the system
are characterized by means of the average size of spatial domains of equivalent
spin variables that define the phases. It is found that the rate at which phase
domains grow becomes smaller when impurities are present and that the average
size of the resulting domains in the inhomogeneous state of the system
decreases when the density of impurities is increased. The phase diagram
showing regions where homogeneous, heterogeneous, and chessboard patterns occur
on the space of parameters of the system is obtained. A critical boundary that
separates the regime of slow growth of domains from the regime of fast growth
in the heterogeneous region of the phase diagram is calculated. The transition
between these two growth regimes is explained in terms of the stability
properties of the local phase configurations. Our results show that the
inclusion of spatial inhomogeneities can be used as a control mechanism for the
size and growth velocity of phase domains forming in spatiotemporal systems.


title: On Quasiminimal Excellent Classes

abstract:
  A careful exposition of Zilber's quasiminimal excellent classes and their
categoricity is given, leading to two new results: the L_w1,w(Q)-definability
assumption may be dropped, and each class is determined by its model of
dimension aleph_0.


title:
Immune response to a malaria infection: properties of a mathematical
  model

abstract:
  We establish some properties of a within host mathematical model of malaria
proposed by Recker et al which includes the role of the immune system during
the infection. The model accounts for the antigenic variation exhibited by the
malaria parasite (P. falciparum). We show that the model can exhibit a wide
variety of dynamical behaviors. We provide criteria for global stability,
competitive exclusion, and persistence. We also demonstrate that the disease
equilibrium can be destabilized by non-symmetric cross-reactive responses.


title: Fission Cycling in a Supernova r-process

abstract:
  Recent halo star abundance observations exhibit an important feature of
consequence to the r-process: the presence of a main r-process between the
second and third peaks which is consistent among halo stars. We explore fission
cycling and steady-beta flow as the driving mechanisms behind this feature. The
presence of fission cycling during the r-process can account for
nucleosynthesis yields between the second and third peaks, whereas the presence
of steady-beta flow can account for consistent r-process patterns, robust under
small variations in astrophysical conditions. We employ the neutrino-driven
wind of the core-collapse supernova to examine fission cycling and steady-beta
flow in the r-process. As the traditional neutrino-driven wind model does not
produce the required very neutron-rich conditions for these mechanisms, we
examine changes to the neutrino physics necessary for fission cycling to occur
in the neutrino-driven wind environment, and we explore under what conditions
steady-beta flow is obtained.


title: A spectral condition for odd cycles in graphs

abstract:
  We give a sharp spectral condition for the existence of odd cycles in a graph
of given order. We also prove a related stability result.


title:
Tracing the jet contribution to the mid-IR over the 2005 outburst of GRO
  J1655-40 via broadband spectral modeling

abstract:
  We present new results from a multi-wavelength (radio/infrared/optical/X-ray)
study of the black hole X-ray binary GRO J1655-40 during its 2005 outburst. We
detected, for the first time, mid-infrared emission at 24 um from the compact
jet of a black hole X-ray binary during its hard state, when the source shows
emission from a radio compact jet as well as a strong non-thermal hard X-ray
component. These detections strongly constrain the optically thick part of the
synchrotron spectrum of the compact jet, which is consistent with being flat
over four orders of magnitude in frequency. Moreover, using this unprecedented
coverage, and especially thanks to the new Spitzer observations, we can test
broadband disk and jet models during the hard state. Two of the hard state
broadband spectra are reasonably well fitted using a jet model with parameters
overall similar to those previously found for Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4. Differences
are also present; most notably, the jet power in GRO J1655-40 appears to be a
factor of at least ~3-5 higher (depending on the distance) than that of Cyg X-1
and GX 339-4 at comparable disk luminosities. Furthermore, a few discrepancies
between the model and the data, previously not found for the other two black
hole systems for which there was no mid-IR/IR and optical coverage, are
evident, and will help to constrain and refine theoretical models.


title: Multi-strain virus dynamics with mutations: A global analysis

abstract:
  We consider within-host virus models with more than one strain and allow
mutation between the strains. If there is no mutation, a Lyapunov function
establishes global stability of the steady state corresponding to the fittest
strain. For small perturbations this steady state persists, perhaps with small
concentrations of some or all other strains, depending on the connectivity of
the graph describing all possible mutations. Moreover, using a perturbation
result due to Smith and Waltman, we show that this steady state also preserves
global stability.


title: The Analytic Classification of Plane Branches

abstract:
  In this paper we give a solution to Zariski's problem of analytic
classification of plane branches.


title: Multifrequency Forcing of a Hopf Oscillator Model of the Inner Ear

abstract:
  In response to a sound stimulus, the inner ear emits sounds called
otoacoustic emissions. While the exact mechanism for the production of
otoacoustic emissions is not known, active motion of individual hair cells is
thought to play a role. Two possible sources for otoacoustic emissions, both
localized within individual hair cells, include somatic motility and hair
bundle motility. Because physiological models of each of these systems are
thought to be poised near a Hopf bifurcation, the dynamics of each can be
described by the normal form for a system near a Hopf bifurcation. Here we
demonstrate that experimental results from three-frequency suppression
experiments can be predicted based on the response of an array of
noninteracting Hopf oscillators tuned at different frequencies. This supports
the idea that active motion of individual hair cells contributes to active
processing of sounds in the ear. Interestingly, the model suggests an
explanation for differing results recorded in mammals and nonmammals.


title: A dynamically extending exclusion process

abstract:
  An extension of the totally asymmetric exclusion process, which incorporates
a dynamically extending lattice is explored. Although originally inspired as a
model for filamentous fungal growth, here the dynamically extending exclusion
process (DEEP) is studied in its own right, as a nontrivial addition to the
class of nonequilibrium exclusion process models. Here we discuss various
mean-field approximation schemes and elucidate the steady state behaviour of
the model and its associated phase diagram. Of particular note is that the
dynamics of the extending lattice leads to a new region in the phase diagram in
which a shock discontinuity in the density travels forward with a velocity that
is lower than the velocity of the tip of the lattice. Thus in this region the
shock recedes from both boundaries.


title:
The Far-Infrared Luminosity Function from GOODS-N: Constraining the
  Evolution of Infrared Galaxies for z \leq 1

abstract:
  We present the IR luminosity function derived from ultra-deep 70 micron
imaging of the GOODS-North field. The 70 micron observations are longward of
the PAH and silicate features which complicate work in the MIR. We derive
far-infrared luminosities for the 143 sources with S_{70} > 2 mJy (S/N > 3
\sigma). The majority (81%) of the sources have spectroscopic redshifts, and
photometric redshifts are calculated for the remainder. The IR luminosity
function at four redshifts (z ~ 0.28, 0.48, 0.78, and 0.97) is derived and
compared to the local one. There is considerable degeneracy between luminosity
and density evolution. If the evolving luminosity function is described as
\rho(L, z) = (1 + z)^q \rho(L/(1 + z)^p, 0), we find q = -2.19p + 6.09. In the
case of pure luminosity evolution, we find a best fit of p =
2.78^{+0.34}_{-0.32}. This is consistent with the results from 24 micron and
1.4 GHz studies. Our results confirm the emerging picture of strong evolution
in LIRGs and ULIRGs at 0.4 < z < 1.1, but we find no evidence of significant
evolution in the sub-LIRG (L < 10^{11} L_{\odot}) population for z < 0.4.


title: Nonlinear physics of the ionosphere and LOIS/LOFAR

abstract:
  The ionosphere is the only large-scale plasma laboratory without walls that
we have direct access to. From results obtained in systematic, repeatable
experiments in this natural laboratory, where we can vary the stimulus and
observe its response in a controlled, repeatable manner, we can draw
conclusions on similar physical processes occurring naturally in the Earth's
plasma environment as well as in parts of the plasma universe that are not
easily accessible to direct probing.
  Of particular interest is electromagnetic turbulence excited in the
ionosphere by beams of particles (photons, electrons) and its manifestation in
terms of secondary radiation (electrostatic and electromagnetic waves),
structure formation (solitons, cavitons, alfveons, striations), and the
associated exchange of energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum.
  We present a new diagnostic technique, based on vector radio allowing the
utilization of EM angular momentum (vorticity), to study plasma turbulence
remotely.


title:
Competitive minimax universal decoding for several ensembles of random
  codes

abstract:
  Universally achievable error exponents pertaining to certain families of
channels (most notably, discrete memoryless channels (DMC's)), and various
ensembles of random codes, are studied by combining the competitive minimax
approach, proposed by Feder and Merhav, with Chernoff bound and Gallager's
techniques for the analysis of error exponents. In particular, we derive a
single--letter expression for the largest, universally achievable fraction
$\xi$ of the optimum error exponent pertaining to the optimum ML decoding.
Moreover, a simpler single--letter expression for a lower bound to $\xi$ is
presented. To demonstrate the tightness of this lower bound, we use it to show
that $\xi=1$, for the binary symmetric channel (BSC), when the random coding
distribution is uniform over: (i) all codes (of a given rate), and (ii) all
linear codes, in agreement with well--known results. We also show that $\xi=1$
for the uniform ensemble of systematic linear codes, and for that of
time--varying convolutional codes in the bit-error--rate sense. For the latter
case, we also show how the corresponding universal decoder can be efficiently
implemented using a slightly modified version of the Viterbi algorithm which em
employs two trellises.


title: Transport phenomena in the asymmetric quantum multibaker map

abstract:
  By studying a modified (unbiased) quantum multibaker map, we were able to
obtain a {\em finite} asymptotic quantum current without a classical analogue.
This result suggests a general method for the design of {\em purely} quantum
ratchets, and sheds light on the investigation of the mechanisms leading to net
transport generation by breaking symmetries of quantum systems. Moreover, we
propose the multibaker map as a resource to study directed transport phenomena
in chaotic systems without bias. In fact, this is a paradigmatic model in
classical and quantum chaos, but also in statistical mechanics.


title:
Testing the Disk Regulation Paradigm with Spitzer Observations. II. A
  Clear Signature of Star-Disk Interaction in NGC 2264 and the Orion Nebula
  Cluster

abstract:
  Observations of PMS star rotation periods reveal slow rotators in young
clusters of various ages, indicating that angular momentum is somehow removed
from these rotating masses. The mechanism by which spin-up is regulated as
young stars contract has been one of the longest-standing problems in star
formation. Attempts to observationally confirm the prevailing theory that
magnetic interaction between the star and its circumstellar disk regulates
these rotation periods have produced mixed results. In this paper, we use the
unprecedented disk identification capability of the Spitzer Space Telescope to
test the star-disk interaction paradigm in two young clusters, NGC 2264 and the
Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We show that once mass effects and sensitivity
biases are removed, a clear increase in the disk fraction with period can be
observed in both clusters across the entire period range populated by cluster
members. We also show that the long-period peak (P $\sim$8 days) of the bimodal
distribution observed for high-mass stars in the ONC is dominated by a
population of stars possessing a disk, while the short-period peak (P $\sim$2
days) is dominated by a population of stars without a disk. Our results
represent the strongest evidence to date that star-disk interaction regulates
the angular momentum of these young stars. This study will make possible
quantitative comparisons between the observed period distributions of stars
with and without a disk and numerical models of the angular momentum evolution
of young stars.


title: Kaluza-Klein braneworld cosmology with static internal dimensions

abstract:
  We investigate the Kaluza-Klein braneworld cosmology from the point of view
of observers on the brane. We first generalize the Shiromizu-Maeda-Sasaki (SMS)
equations to higher dimensions. As an application, we study a (4+n)-dimensional
brane with n dimensions compactified on the brane, in a (5+n)-dimensional bulk.
By assuming that the size of the internal space is static, that the bulk
energy-momentum tensor can be neglected, we determine the effect of the bulk
geometry on the Kaluza-Klein braneworld. Then we derive the effective Friedmann
equation on the brane. It turns out that the Friedmann equation explicitly
depends on the equation of state, in contrast to the braneworld in a
5-dimensional bulk spacetime. In particular, in a radiation-dominated era, the
effective Newton constant depends on the scale factor logarithmically. If we
include a pressureless matter on the brane, this dependence disappears after
the radiation-matter equality. This may be interpreted as stabilization of the
Newton constant by the matter on the brane. Our findings imply that the
Kaluza-Klein braneworld cosmology is quite different from the conventional
Kaluza-Klein cosmology even at low energy.


title: Can the gamma-gamma processes reveal the nature of the sigma ?

abstract:
  We reanalyse the gamma-gamma scattering data and conclude that in the mass
region below 1 GeV the cross section for gamma-gamma to pi^0-pi^0 can be
largely explained by the one pion exchange process with pi-pi rescattering. The
radiative width of the sigma is estimated and a model dependent separation into
contributions from direct gamma-gamma decay and decay through rescattering is
obtained. We confront these findings with QCD spectral sum rule (QSSR)
predictions and conclude that the sigma can have a large gluonium component in
its wave function.


title:
Effect of Microwaves on the Current-Phase-Relation in SNS Josephson
  Junctions

abstract:
  We investigate the current-phase-relation (CPR) of long diffusive
superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions in
thermodynamic equilibrium and under microwave irradiation. While in equilibrium
good agreement with the predictions of quasi-classical theory is found, we
observe that the shape of the CPR can be strongly affected by microwave
irradiation. Close to a Josephson-phase difference of pi, the supercurrent can
be strongly suppressed when increasing the rf-power. Our results can be
understood in terms of microwave excitation of low-lying Andreev bound states
across the mini-gap in the junction. In the frequency interval studied, this
mechanism becomes important when the mini-gap closes at a phase difference of
pi.


title: Linearized dynamics from the 4-simplex Regge action

abstract:
  We study the relation between the hessian matrix of the riemannian Reggae
action on a 4-simplex and linearized quantum gravity. We give an explicit
formula for the hessian as a function of the geometry, and show that it has a
single zero mode. We then use a 3d lattice model to show that (i) the zero mode
is a remnant of the continuum diffeomorphism invariance, and (ii) we recover
the complete free graviton propagator in the continuum limit. The results help
clarify the structure of the boundary state needed in the recent calculations
of the graviton propagator in loop quantum gravity, and in particular its role
in fixing the gauge.


title:
A new search for distant radio galaxies in the southern hemisphere - I.
  Sample definition and radio properties

abstract:
  This paper introduces a new program to find high-redshift radio galaxies in
the southern hemisphere through ultra-steep spectrum (USS) selection. We define
a sample of 234 USS radio sources with spectral indices alpha_408^843 < -1.0
and flux densities S_408 > 200 mJy in a region of 0.35 sr, chosen by
cross-correlating the revised 408 MHz Molonglo Reference Catalogue, the 843 MHz
Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey and the 1400 MHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey in
the overlap region -40 deg < delta < -30 deg. We present Australia Telescope
Compact Array (ATCA) high-resolution 1384 and 2368 MHz radio data for each
source, which we use to analyse the morphological, spectral index and
polarization properties of our sample. We find that 85 per cent of the sources
have observed-frame spectral energy distributions that are straight over the
frequency range 408-2368 MHz, and that, on average, sources with smaller
angular sizes have slightly steeper spectral indices and lower fractional
linear polarization. Fractional polarization is anti-correlated with flux
density at both 1400 and 2368 MHz. We also use the ATCA data to determine
observed-frame Faraday rotation measures for half of the sample.


title: The Formation of the Oort Cloud in Open Cluster Environments

abstract:
  We study the influence of an open cluster environment on the formation and
current structure of the Oort cloud. To do this, we have run 19 different
simulations of the formation of the Oort Cloud for 4.5 Gyrs. In each
simulation, the solar system spends its first 100 Myrs in a different open
cluster environment before transitioning to its current field environment. We
find that, compared to forming in the field environment, the inner Oort Cloud
is preferentially loaded with comets while the Sun resides in the open cluster
and that most of this material remains locked in the interior of the cloud for
the next 4.4 Gyrs. In addition, the outer Oort Cloud trapping efficiencies we
observe in our simulations are lower than previous formation models by about a
factor of 2, possibly implying an even more massive early planetesimal disk.
Furthermore, some of our simulations reproduce the orbits of observed extended
scattered disk objects, which may serve as an observational constraint on the
Sun's early environment. Depending on the particular open cluster environment,
the properties of the inner Oort Cloud and extended scattered disk can vary
widely. On the other hand, the outer portions of the Oort Cloud in each of our
simulations are all similar.


title:
Surface versus bulk characterization of the electronic inhomogeneity in
  a VO_{2} film

abstract:
  We investigated the inhomogeneous electronic properties at the surface and
interior of VO_{2} thin films that exhibit a strong first-order metal-insulator
transition (MIT). Using the crystal structural change that accompanies a VO_{2}
MIT, we used bulk-sensitive X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to estimate
the fraction of metallic volume p^{XRD} in our VO_{2} film. The temperature
dependence of the p$^{XRD}$ was very closely correlated with the dc
conductivity near the MIT temperature, and fit the percolation theory
predictions quite well: $\sigma$ $\sim$ (p - p_{c})^{t} with t = 2.0$\pm$0.1
and p_{c} = 0.16$\pm$0.01. This agreement demonstrates that in our VO$_{2}$
thin film, the MIT should occur during the percolation process. We also used
surface-sensitive scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to investigate the
microscopic evolution of the MIT near the surface. Similar to the XRD results,
STS maps revealed a systematic decrease in the metallic phase as temperature
decreased. However, this rate of change was much slower than the rate observed
with XRD, indicating that the electronic inhomogeneity near the surface differs
greatly from that inside the film. We investigated several possible origins of
this discrepancy, and postulated that the variety in the strain states near the
surface plays an important role in the broad MIT observed using STS. We also
explored the possible involvement of such strain effects in other correlated
electron oxide systems with strong electron-lattice interactions.


title:
Bifurcation diagram and pattern formation in superconducting wires with
  electric currents

abstract:
  We examine the behavior of a one-dimensional superconducting wire exposed to
an applied electric current. We use the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model to
describe the system and retain temperature and applied current as parameters.
Through a combination of spectral analysis, asymptotics and canonical numerical
computation, we divide this two-dimensional parameter space into a number of
regions. In some of them only the normal state or a stationary state or an
oscillatory state are stable, while in some of them two states are stable. One
of the most interesting features of the analysis is the evident collision of
real eigenvalues of the associated PT-symmetric linearization, leading as it
does to the emergence of complex elements of the spectrum. In particular this
provides an explanation to the emergence of a stable oscillatory state. We show
that part of the bifurcation diagram and many of the emerging patterns are
directly controlled by this spectrum, while other patterns arise due to
nonlinear interaction of the leading eigenfunctions.


title:
On Throughput Scaling of Wireless Networks: Effect of Node Density and
  Propagation Model

abstract:
  This paper derives a lower bound to the per-node throughput achievable by a
wireless network when n source-destination pairs are randomly distributed
throughout a disk of radius $n^\gamma$, $ \gamma \geq 0$, propagation is
modeled by attenuation of the form $1/(1+d)^\alpha$, $\alpha >2$, and
successful transmission occurs at a fixed rate W when received signal to noise
and interference ratio is greater than some threshold $\beta$, and at rate 0
otherwise. The lower bound has the form $n^{1-\gamma}$ when $\gamma < 1/2$, and
$(n \ln n)^{-1/2}$ when $\gamma \geq 1/2$. The methods are similar to, but
somewhat simpler than, those in the seminal paper by Gupta and Kumar.


title: Condensation phenomena with distinguishable particles

abstract:
  We study real-space condensation phenomena in a type of classical stochastic
processes (site-particle system), such as zero-range processes and urn models.
We here study a stochastic process in the Ehrenfest class, i.e., particles in a
site are distinguishable. In terms of the statistical mechanical analogue, the
Ehrenfest class obeys the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. We analytically clarify
conditions for condensation phenomena in disordered cases in the Ehrenfest
class. In addition, we discuss the preferential urn model as an example of the
disordered urn model. It becomes clear that the quenched disorder property
plays an important role in the occurrence of the condensation phenomenon in the
preferential urn model. It is revealed that the preferential urn model shows
three types of condensation depending on the disorder parameters.


title: Correlation Functions of One-Dimensional Lieb-Liniger Anyons

abstract:
  We have investigated the properties of a model of 1D anyons interacting
through a $\delta$-function repulsive potential. The structure of the
quasi-periodic boundary conditions for the anyonic field operators and the
many-anyon wavefunctions is clarified. The spectrum of the low-lying
excitations including the particle-hole excitations is calculated for periodic
and twisted boundary conditions. Using the ideas of the conformal field theory
we obtain the large-distance asymptotics of the density and field correlation
function at the critical temperature T=0 and at small finite temperatures. Our
expression for the field correlation function extends the results in the
literature obtained for harmonic quantum anyonic fluids.


title: Linear scaling calculation of a n-type GaAs quantum dot

abstract:
  A linear scale method for calculating electronic properties of large and
complex systems is introduced within a local density approximation. The method
is based on the Chebyshev polynomial expansion and the time-dependent method,
which is tested in calculating the electronic structure of a model n-type GaAs
quantum dot.


title: Criteria for virtual fibering

abstract:
  We prove that an irreducible 3-manifold whose fundamental group satisfies a
certain group-theoretic property called RFRS is virtually fibered. As a
corollary, we show that 3-dimensional reflection orbifolds and arithmetic
hyperbolic orbifolds defined by a quadratic form virtually fiber. These include
the Seifert Weber dodecahedral space and the Bianchi orbifolds. Moreover, we
show that a taut sutured compression body has a finite-sheeted cover with a
depth one taut-oriented foliation.


title:
Quantum Entanglement and Teleportation in Higher Dimensional Black Hole
  Spacetimes

abstract:
  We study the properties of quantum entanglement and teleportation in the
background of stationary and rotating curved space-times with extra dimensions.
We show that a maximally entangled Bell state in an inertial frame becomes less
entangled in curved space due to the well-known Hawking-Unruh effect. The
degree of entanglement is found to be degraded with increasing the extra
dimensions. For a finite black hole surface gravity, the observer may choose
higher frequency mode to keep high level entanglement. The fidelity of quantum
teleporation is also reduced because of the Hawking-Unruh effect. We discuss
the fidelity as a function of extra dimensions, mode frequency, black hole mass
and black hole angular momentum parameter for both bosonic and fermionic
resources.


title: Image Authentication Based on Neural Networks

abstract:
  Neural network has been attracting more and more researchers since the past
decades. The properties, such as parameter sensitivity, random similarity,
learning ability, etc., make it suitable for information protection, such as
data encryption, data authentication, intrusion detection, etc. In this paper,
by investigating neural networks' properties, the low-cost authentication
method based on neural networks is proposed and used to authenticate images or
videos. The authentication method can detect whether the images or videos are
modified maliciously. Firstly, this chapter introduces neural networks'
properties, such as parameter sensitivity, random similarity, diffusion
property, confusion property, one-way property, etc. Secondly, the chapter
gives an introduction to neural network based protection methods. Thirdly, an
image or video authentication scheme based on neural networks is presented, and
its performances, including security, robustness and efficiency, are analyzed.
Finally, conclusions are drawn, and some open issues in this field are
presented.


title: Analytic classification of plane branches up to multiplicity 4

abstract:
  We perform the analytic classification of plane branches of multiplicity less
or equal than four.


title:
Statefinder Diagnostic and w-w' Analysis for the Agegraphic Dark Energy
  Models without and with Interaction

abstract:
  A new dark energy model, named as ``agegraphic dark energy'', has been
proposed by one of us (R. G. Cai) in arXiv:0707.4049, based on the
K\'{a}rolyh\'{a}zy uncertainty relation, which arises from the quantum
mechanics together with general relativity. Then, in arXiv:0707.4052, it has
been extended by including the interaction between the agegraphic dark energy
and the pressureless (dark) matter. In this note, we investigate the agegraphic
dark energy models without and with interaction by means of statefinder
diagnostic and w-w' analysis.


title: Gr\"obner bases and Betti numbers of monoidal complexes

abstract:
  In this note we consider monoidal complexes and their associated algebras,
called toric face rings. These rings generalize Stanley-Reisner rings and
affine monoid algebras. We compute initial ideals of the presentation ideal of
a toric face ring, and determine its graded Betti numbers. Our results
generalize celebrated theorems of Hochster in combinatorial commutative
algebra.


title: Integration over complex manifolds via Hochschild homology

abstract:
  Given a holomorphic vector bundle $\cale$ on a connected compact complex
manifold X, [FLS] construct a $\compl$-linear functional $I_{\cale}$ on
$\hh{2n}{\compl}$. This is done by constructing a linear functional on the 0-th
completed Hochschild homology $\choch{0}{(\dif(\cale))}$ of the sheaf of
holomorphic differential operators on $\cale$ using topological quantum
mechanics. They show that this functional is $\int_X$ if $\cale$ has non zero
Euler characteristic. They conjecture that this functional is $\int_X$ for all
$\cale$.
  A subsequent work [Ram] by the author proved that the linear functional
$I_{\cale}$ is independent of the vector bundle $\cale$. This note builds upon
the work in [Ram] to prove that $I_{\cale}=\int_X$ for an arbitrary holomorphic
vector bundle $\cale$ on an arbitrary connected compact complex manifold X.
This is done using an argument that is very natural from the geometric point of
view. This argument enables us to extend the construction in [FLS] to a
construction of a linear functional $I_{\cale}$ on
$\text{H}^{2n}_{c}(Y,\compl)$ for an arbitrary holomorphic vector bundle
$\cale$ on an arbitrary connected complex manifold Y and prove that $I_{\cale}
= \int_Y$. We also generalize a result of [Ram] pertaining to "cyclic homology
analogs" of $I_{\cale}$.


title: Topological Properties of Spatial Coherence Function

abstract:
  Topology of the spatial coherence function is considered in details. The
phase singularity (coherence vortices) structures of coherence function are
classified by Hopf index and Brouwer degree in topology. The coherence flux
quantization and the linking of the closed coherence vortices are also studied
from the topological properties of the spatial coherence function.


title: Stabilization of a Bose-Einstein droplet by hyperfine Rabi oscillations

abstract:
  A self-trapped Bose-Einstein condensate is shown to be stabilized in
two-dimensional free space by Rabi oscillations between two hyperfine states
which make an effective interatomic interaction oscillate in time. The
stabilization mechanism is elucidated by using a two-component Gross-Pitaevskii
equation combined with a variational analysis. The parameter regime of
stability is investigated.


title:
Algebraic structure of the Feynman propagator and a new correspondence
  for canonical transformations

abstract:
  We investigate the algebraic structure of the Feynman propagator with a
general time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian system. Using the Lie-algebraic
technique we obtain a normal-ordered form of the time-evolution operator, and
then the propagator is easily derived by a simple ``Integration Within Ordered
Product" (IWOP) technique.It is found that this propagator contains a classical
generating function which demonstrates a new correspondence between classical
and quantum mechanics.


title:
Determination of the Superconductor-Insulator Phase Diagram for
  One-Dimensional Wires

abstract:
  We establish the superconductor-insulator phase diagram for quasi-one
dimensional wires by measuring a large set of MoGe nanowires. This diagram is
consistent with the Chakravarty-Schmid-Bulgadaev phase boundary, namely with
the critical resistance being equal to R_Q = h/4e^2. We find that transport
properties of insulating nanowires exhibit a weak Coulomb blockade behavior.


title: Cascade of Complexity in Evolving Predator-Prey Dynamics

abstract:
  We simulate an individual-based model that represents both the phenotype and
genome of digital organisms with predator-prey interactions. We show how
open-ended growth of complexity arises from the invariance of genetic evolution
operators with respect to changes in the complexity, and that the dynamics
which emerges is controlled by a non-equilibrium critical point. The mechanism
is analogous to the development of the cascade in fluid turbulence.


title:
Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution from a high frequency
  mode in the presence of an internal rotor: Classical thick-layer diffusion
  and quantum localization

abstract:
  We study the effect of an internal rotor on the classical and quantum
intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) dynamics of a model
system with three degrees of freedom. The system is based on a Hamiltonian
proposed by Martens and Reinhardt (J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 93}, 5621 (1990).) to
study IVR in the excited electronic state of para-fluorotoluene. We explicitly
construct the state space and show, confirming the mechanism proposed by
Martens and Reinhardt, that an excited high frequency mode relaxes via
diffusion along a thick layer of chaos created by the low frequency-rotor
interactions. However, the corresponding quantum dynamics exhibits no
appreciable relaxation of the high frequency mode. We attribute the quantum
suppression of the classical thick-layer diffusion to the rotor selection rules
and, possibly, dynamical localization effects.


title: Quantum phase transition in the two-band Hubbard model

abstract:
  The interaction between itinerant and Mott localized electronic states in
strongly correlated materials is studied within dynamical mean field theory in
combination with the numerical renormalization group method. A novel
nonmagnetic zero temperature quantum phase transition is found in the
bad-metallic orbital-selective Mott phase of the two-band Hubbard model, for
values of the Hund's exchange which are relevant to typical transition metal
oxides.


title:
On the paper ``Weak convergence of some classes of martingales with
  jumps''

abstract:
  This note extends some results of Nishiyama [Ann. Probab. 28 (2000)
685--712]. A maximal inequality for stochastic integrals with respect to
integer-valued random measures which may have infinitely many jumps on compact
time intervals is given. By using it, a tightness criterion is obtained; if the
so-called quadratic modulus is bounded in probability and if a certain entropy
condition on the parameter space is satisfied, then the tightness follows. Our
approach is based on the entropy techniques developed in the modern theory of
empirical processes.


title: State-Relevant Maxwell's Equation from Kaluza-Klein Theory

abstract:
  We study a five-dimensional perfect fluid coupled with Kaluza-Klein (KK)
gravity. By dimensional reduction, a modified form of Maxwell's equation is
obtained, which is relevant to the equation of state of the source. Since the
relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the 3-dimensional formulation are
widely used to study space matter, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations
and relativistic MHD in 3+1 form. We then take an ideal Fermi gas as an example
to study the modified effect, which can be visible under high density or high
energy condition, while the traditional Maxwell's equation can be regarded as a
result in the low density and low temperature limit. We also indicate the
possibility to test the state-relevant effect of KK theory in a telluric
laboratory.

categories: gr-qc astro-ph hep-th physics.flu-dyn physics.plasm-ph


title: A Note on Polonyi Problem

abstract:
  We reinvestigate the cosmological Polonyi problem in the case where the
Polonyi mass is $\mathcal{O}(10) \rm{TeV}$. Such a large supersymmetry breaking
scale implies that the Polonyi field should be sequestered from the standard
model sector. Since the Polonyi field does not have a coupling to the gauge
multiplets at tree level, in order to obtain sufficiently high reheating
temperature compatible with the standard big-bang nucleosynthesis the Polonyi
mass well exceeds 100 - 1000 TeV, depending on the decay channels. Moreover, we
find that the branching ratio of the Polonyi field into neutralinos is of order
unity, and thus the resulting neutralino LSPs, if stable, overclose the
Universe even for the case of the wino-like LSP. Our explicit computation given
here exhibits a very serious cosmological difficulty for models where
supersymmetry breaking is caused by the Polonyi-type field.


title: Periodic relativity: the theory of gravity in flat space time

abstract:
  In periodic relativity (PR), the curved space time of general relativity are
eliminated by making use of an alternative flat metric without weak field
approximation. PR satisfies Einstein's field equations. Theory allows every two
body system to deviate differently from the flat Minkowski metric. PR differs
from general relativity (GR) in predictions of the proper time intervals of
distant objects. PR proposes a definite connection between the proper time
interval of an object and gravitational frequency shift of its constituent
particles as the object travels through the gravitational field. This is
because fundamentally time is periodic in nature. Coordinate and proper time in
GR are linear time. Periodic time of PR is the key parameter in development of
quantum gravity theory in which the universe begins with a quantum fluctuation
in the fundamental substance of the universe which is infinite, motionless and
indivisible. PR is based on the dynamic weak equivalence principle which
equates the gravitational mass with the relativistic mass. PR provides accurate
solutions for the rotation curves of galaxies and the energy levels of the
Hydrogen spectra including Lamb shift. Flat space time with Lorentz invariant
acceleration presented here makes it possible to unite PR with quantum
mechanics. PR satisfies Einstein's field equations with respect to the three
major GR tests within the solar system and with respect to the derivation of
Friedmann equation in cosmology. PR predicts limiting radius of the event
horizon of M87 black hole to be 3Rg and the range of prograde and retrograde
spin a_* between \pm0.385 and \pm0.73.


title: The first high-amplitude delta Scuti star in an eclipsing binary system

abstract:
  We report the discovery of the first high-amplitude delta Scuti star in an
eclipsing binary, which we have designated UNSW-V-500. The system is an
Algol-type semi-detached eclipsing binary of maximum brightness V = 12.52 mag.
A best-fitting solution to the binary light curve and two radial velocity
curves is derived using the Wilson-Devinney code. We identify a late A spectral
type primary component of mass 1.49+/-0.02 M_sun and a late K spectral type
secondary of mass 0.33+/-0.02 M_sun, with an inclination of 86.5+/-1.0 degrees,
and a period of 5.3504751+/-0.0000006 d. A Fourier analysis of the residuals
from this solution is performed using PERIOD04 to investigate the delta Scuti
pulsations. We detect a single pulsation frequency of f_1 = 13.621+/-0.015 c/d,
and it appears this is the first overtone radial mode frequency. This system
provides the first opportunity to measure the dynamical mass for a star of this
variable type; previously, masses have been derived from stellar evolution and
pulsation models.


title:
GAW - An Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope with Large Field of
  View

abstract:
  GAW, acronym for Gamma Air Watch, is a Research and Development experiment in
the TeV range, whose main goal is to explore the feasibility of large field of
view Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. GAW is an array of three
relatively small telescopes (2.13 m diameter) which differs from the existing
and presently planned projects in two main features: the adoption of a
refractive optics system as light collector and the use of single photoelectron
counting as detector working mode. The optics system allows to achieve a large
field of view (24x24 squared degrees) suitable for surveys of large sky
regions. The single photoelectron counting mode in comparison with the charge
integration mode improves the sensitivity by permitting also the reconstruction
of events with a small number of collected Cherenkov photons. GAW, which is a
collaboration effort of Research Institutes in Italy, Portugal and Spain, will
be erected in the Calar Alto Observatory (Sierra de Los Filabres - Andalucia,
Spain), at 2150 m a.s.l.). The first telescope will be settled within Autumn
2007. This paper shows the main characteristics of the experiment and its
expected performance.


title:
Structural properties of proportional fairness: stability and
  insensitivity

abstract:
  In this article we provide a novel characterization of the proportionally
fair bandwidth allocation of network capacities, in terms of the
Fenchel--Legendre transform of the network capacity region. We use this
characterization to prove stability (i.e., ergodicity) of network dynamics
under proportionally fair sharing, by exhibiting a suitable Lyapunov function.
Our stability result extends previously known results to a more general model
including Markovian users routing. In particular, it implies that the stability
condition previously known under exponential service time distributions remains
valid under so-called phase-type service time distributions. We then exhibit a
modification of proportional fairness, which coincides with it in some
asymptotic sense, is reversible (and thus insensitive), and has explicit
stationary distribution. Finally we show that the stationary distributions
under modified proportional fairness and balanced fairness, a sharing criterion
proposed because of its insensitivity properties, admit the same large
deviations characteristics. These results show that proportional fairness is an
attractive bandwidth allocation criterion, combining the desirable properties
of ease of implementation with performance and insensitivity.


title: Electroweak phase transition in the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation

abstract:
  In explicit CP violation scenario of the minimal non-minimal supersymmetric
standard model (MNMSSM), the possibility of a strongly first-order electroweak
phase transition (EWPT) is investigated at the one-loop level, where the
radiative corrections from the loops of the top and stop quarks are taken into
account. Assuming that the stop quark masses are not degenerate, the radiative
corrections due to the stop quarks give rise to a CP phase, which triggers the
scalar-pseudoscalar mixing in the Higgs sector of the MNMSSM. The lighter stop
quark need not always to have a small mass in order to ensure the strongly
first-order EWPT. In the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation, it is found that
the strength of the first-order EWPT depends on several factors, such as the
lightest neutral Higgs boson mass and the nontrivial CP phase arising from stop
quark masses. The effects of these factors are discussed.


title:
Orbital period derivative of a binary system using an exact orbital
  energy equation

abstract:
  It is proposed that the equations of motion in periodic relativity which
yielded major predictions of general relativity without utilizing Riemannian
geometry and geodesic trajectories are exact in nature and can be applied to
pulsars and inspiraling compact binaries for analyzing orbital period
derivative and two polarization gravitational wave forms. Exactness of these
equations eliminates the need for higher order xPN corrections to the orbital
energy part of the balance equation. This is mainly due to the introduction of
dynamic WEP which states that the gravitational mass is equal to the
relativistic mass.


title:
Constraints on New Physics from Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation
  Experiments

abstract:
  New physics beyond the Standard Model can lead to extra matter effects on
neutrino oscillation if the new interactions distinguish among the three
flavors of neutrino. In a previous paper, we argued that a long-baseline
neutrino oscillation experiment in which the Fermilab-NUMI beam in its
high-energy mode is aimed at the planned Hyper-Kamiokande detector would be
capable of constraining the size of those extra effects, provided the vacuum
value of \sin^2 2\theta_{23} is not too close to one. In this paper, we discuss
how such a constraint would translate into limits on the coupling constants and
masses of new particles in various models. The models we consider are: models
with generation distinguishing Z's such as topcolor assisted technicolor,
models containing various types of leptoquarks, R-parity violating SUSY, and
extended Higgs sector models. In several cases, we find that the limits thus
obtained could be competitive with those expected from direct searches at the
LHC. In the event that any of the particles discussed here are discovered at
the LHC, then the observation, or non-observation, of their matter effects
could help in identifying what type of particle had been observed.


title:
Good rough path sequences and applications to anticipating stochastic
  calculus

abstract:
  We consider anticipative Stratonovich stochastic differential equations
driven by some stochastic process lifted to a rough path. Neither adaptedness
of initial point and vector fields nor commuting conditions between vector
field is assumed. Under a simple condition on the stochastic process, we show
that the unique solution of the above SDE understood in the rough path sense is
actually a Stratonovich solution. We then show that this condition is satisfied
by the Brownian motion. As application, we obtain rather flexible results such
as support theorems, large deviation principles and Wong--Zakai approximations
for SDEs driven by Brownian motion along anticipating vectorfields. In
particular, this unifies many results on anticipative SDEs.


title:
Bichromatically driven double well: Parametric perspective of the
  control landscape

abstract:
  We numerically construct and study the control landscape of a
$(\omega,2\omega)$ bichromatically driven double well in the presence of strong
fields. The control landscape is obtained by correlating the overlap
intensities between the floquet states and an initial phase space coherent
state with the parametric motion of the quasienergies {\it i.e.,}
intensity-level velocity correlator. "Walls" of no control, robust under
variations of the relative phase between the fields, are seen in the control
landscape and associated with multilevel interactions involving chaotic floquet
states.


title:
Comparison of the LUNA 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be activation results with
  earlier measurements and model calculations

abstract:
  Recently, the LUNA collaboration has carried out a high precision measurement
on the 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be reaction cross section with both activation and
on-line gamma-detection methods at unprecedented low energies. In this paper
the results obtained with the activation method are summarized. The results are
compared with previous activation experiments and the zero energy extrapolated
astrophysical S factor is determined using different theoretical models.


title:
Central limit theorem and almost sure central limit theorem for the
  product of some partial sums

abstract:
  In this paper, we give the central limit theorem and almost sure central
limit theorem for products of some partial sums of independent identically
distributed random variables.


title: The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice

abstract:
  The flow rate of grains through large orifices is known to be dependent on
its diameter to a 5/2 power law. This relationship has been checked for big
outlet sizes, whereas an empirical fitting parameter is needed to reproduce the
behavior for small openings.
  In this work, we provide experimental data and numerical simulations covering
a wide span of outlet sizes, both in three and two dimensions. This allows us
to show that the laws that are usually employed are satisfactory only if a
small range of openings is considered. We propose a new law for the mass flow
rate of grains that correctly reproduces the data for all the orifice sizes,
including the behaviors for very large and very small outlet sizes.


title: Preon Model and Family Replicated E_6 Unification

abstract:
  Previously we suggested a new preon model of composite quark-leptons and
bosons with the 'flipped' $E_6\times \widetilde{E_6}$ gauge symmetry group. We
assumed that preons are dyons having both hyper-electric $g$ and hyper-magnetic
$\tilde g$ charges, and these preons-dyons are confined by hyper-magnetic
strings which are an ${\bf N}=1$ supersymmetric non-Abelian flux tubes created
by the condensation of spreons near the Planck scale. In the present paper we
show that the existence of the three types of strings with tensions $T_k=k T_0$
$(k = 1,2,3)$ producing three (and only three) generations of composite
quark-leptons, also provides three generations of composite gauge bosons
('hyper-gluons') and, as a consequence, predicts the family replicated
$[E_6]^3$ unification at the scale $\sim 10^{17}$ GeV. This group of
unification has the possibility of breaking to the group of symmetry: $
[SU(3)_C]^3\times [SU(2)_L]^3\times [U(1)_Y]^3 \times [U(1)_{(B-L)}]^3$ which
undergoes the breakdown to the Standard Model at lower energies. Some
predictive advantages of the family replicated gauge groups of symmetry are
briefly discussed.


title: Wormhole and C-field: Revisited

abstract:
  Recently, Rahaman et al [ Nuovo.Cim 119B, 1115(2004)] have shown that the
static spherically symmetric solutions in presence of C-field give rise to
wormhole geometry. We highlight some of the characteristics of this wormhole,
which have not been considered in the previous study.


title: Stationary distributions of a model of sympatric speciation

abstract:
  This paper deals with a model of sympatric speciation, that is, speciation in
the absence of geographical separation, originally proposed by U. Dieckmann and
M. Doebeli in 1999. We modify their original model to obtain a Fleming--Viot
type model and study its stationary distribution. We show that speciation may
occur, that is, the stationary distribution puts most of the mass on a
configuration that does not concentrate on the phenotype with maximum carrying
capacity, if competition between phenotypes is intense enough. Conversely, if
competition between phenotypes is not intense, then speciation will not occur
and most of the population will have the phenotype with the highest carrying
capacity. The length of time it takes speciation to occur also has a delicate
dependence on the mutation parameter, and the exact shape of the carrying
capacity function and the competition kernel.


title: Exact Solutions and the Attractor Mechanism in Non-BPS Black Holes

abstract:
  The attractor mechanism for the four-dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity
black hole solution is analyzed in the case of the D0-D4 system. Our analyses
are based on newly derived exact solutions, which exhibit explicitly the
attractor mechanism for extremal non-BPS black holes. Our solutions account for
the moduli as general complex fields, while in almost all non-BPS solutions
obtained previously, the moduli fields are restricted to be purely imaginary.
It is also pointed out that our moduli solutions contain an extra parameter
that is not contained in solutions obtained by replacing the charges in the
double extremal moduli solutions by the corresponding harmonic functions.


title: Mechanical properties of Pt monatomic chains

abstract:
  The mechanical properties of platinum monatomic chains were investigated by
simultaneous measurement of an effective stiffness and the conductance using
our newly developed mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique
with a tuning fork as a force sensor. When stretching a monatomic contact
(two-atom chain), the stiffness and conductance increases at the early stage of
stretching and then decreases just before breaking, which is attributed to a
transition of the chain configuration and bond weakening. A statistical
analysis was made to investigate the mechanical properties of monatomic chains.
The average stiffness shows minima at the peak positions of the
length-histogram. From this result we conclude that the peaks in the
length-histogram are a measure of the number of atoms in the chains, and that
the chains break from a strained state. Additionally, we find that the smaller
the initial stiffness of the chain is, the longer the chain becomes. This shows
that softer chains can be stretched longer.


title: Photometric monitoring of the blazar 3C 345 for the period 1996 - 2006

abstract:
  We present the results of the blazar 3C 345 monitoring in Johnson-Cousins
BVRI bands for the period 1996 - 2006. We have collected 29 V and 43 R data
points for this period; the BI light curves contain a few measurements only.
The accuracy of our photometry is not better than 0.03 mag in the VR bands. The
total amplitude of the variability obtained from our data is 2.06 mag in the V
band and 2.25 mag in the R one. 3C 345 showed periods of flaring activity
during 1998/99 and 2001: a maximum of the blazar brightness was detected in
2001 February - 15.345 mag in the V band and 14.944 mag in the R one. We
confirm that during brighter stages 3C 345 becomes redder; for higher fluxes
the colour index seems to be less dependent on the magnitude. The intra-night
monitoring of 3C 345 in three consecutive nights in 2001 August revealed no
significant intra-night variability; 3C 345 did not show evident flux changes
over timescales of weeks around the period of the intra-night monitoring. This
result supports the existing facts that intra-night variability is correlated
with rapid flux changes rather than with specific flux levels.


title:
Majorana neutrino. Is double neutrinoless beta decay possible in the
  framework of the weak interactions? How to prove that neutrino is Majorana
  particle

abstract:
  Usually it is supposed that Majorana neutrino produced in the superposition
state $\chi_L = \nu_L + (\nu_L)^c$ and then follows the neutrinoless double
beta decay. But since weak interactions are chiral invariant then the neutrino
at production has definite helicity (i.e., $\nu_L$ and $(\nu_L)^c$ neutrinos
are separately produced and then neutrino is not in the superposition state).
This helicity cannot change after production without any external interactions.
Thus we see that for unsuitable helicity the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay
is not possible even if neutrino is a Majorana particle. Also transition of
Majorana neutrino into antineutrino at their oscillations is forbidden since
helicity in vacuum holds. Then only possibility to prove that neutrino is a
Dirac but not Majorana particle is detection transition of $\nu_L$ neutrino
into (sterile) antineutrino $\bar\nu_R$ (i.e., $\nu_L \to \bar\nu_R$) at
neutrino oscillations. Transition Majora neutrino $\nu_L$ into $(\nu_R)^c$
(i.e., $\nu_L \to (\nu_R)^c$) at oscillations is unobserved since it is
supposed that mass of $(\nu_R)^c$ is very big.


title: Open Problems in Algebraic Statistics

abstract:
  Algebraic statistics is concerned with the study of probabilistic models and
techniques for statistical inference using methods from algebra and geometry.
This article presents a list of open mathematical problems in this emerging
field, with main emphasis on graphical models with hidden variables, maximum
likelihood estimation, and multivariate Gaussian distributions. This article is
based on a lecture presented at the IMA in Minneapolis during the 2006/07
program on Applications of Algebraic Geometry.


title: Information-Disturbance theorem and Uncertainty Relation

abstract:
  It has been shown that Information-Disturbance theorem can play an important
role in security proof of quantum cryptography. The theorem is by itself
interesting since it can be regarded as an information theoretic version of
uncertainty principle. It, however, has been able to treat restricted
situations. In this paper, the restriction on the source is abandoned, and a
general information-disturbance theorem is obtained. The theorem relates
information gain by Eve with information gain by Bob.


title:
Masses and semileptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons in a
  nonrelativistic quark model

abstract:
  We evaluate masses and semileptonic decay widths for the ground state of
doubly heavy $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ baryons in the framework of a nonrelativistic
quark model. We solve the three-body problem by means of a variational ansatz
made possible by heavy-quark spin symmetry constraints. Our masses are
comparable to the ones obtained in relativistic calculations and we get one of
the best agreements with lattice data. Our simple wave functions are used to
evaluate semileptonic decays of doubly heavy $\Xi, \Xi'(J=1/2)$ and $\Omega,
\Omega'(J=1/2)$ baryons. Our results for the decay widths are in reasonable
agreement with calculations done in a relativistic calculation in the
quark-diquark approximation. We also check that our wave functions comply with
what it is expected in the infinite heavy quark mass limit.


title: Observation of B-meson decays to b_1 pi and b_1 K

abstract:
  We present the results of searches for decays of B mesons to final states
with a b_1 meson and a charged pion or kaon. The data, collected with the BaBar
detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, represent 382 million
B-Bbar pairs produced in e+e- annihilation. The results for the branching
fractions are, in units of 10^{-6}, B(B+ -> b1^0 pi+) = 6.7 +/- 1.7 +/- 1.0
(4.0 sigma), B(B+ -> b1^0 K+ = 9.1+/- 1.7+/- 1.0 (5.3 sigma), B(B0 -> b1^-/+
pi^+/-) = 10.9 +/- 1.2 +/- 0.9 (8.9 sigma), and B(B0 -> b1^-K+) = 7.4 +/- 1.0
+/- 1.0 (6.1 sigma), with the assumption that B(b_1 -> omega pi)=1. We also
measure charge and flavor asymmetries Ach(B+ -> b1^0 pi+) = 0.05 +/- 0.16 +/-
0.02, Ach(B+ -> b1^0 K+ = -0.46 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.02, Ach(B0 -> b1^-/+ pi^+/-) =
-0.05 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.02, C(B0 -> b1^-/+ pi^+/-) = -0.22 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.05,
deltaC(B0 -> b1^-/+ pi^+/-) = -1.04 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.08, and Ach(B0 -> b1^-K+) =
-0.07 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.02, The first error quoted is statistical, the second
systematic, and for the branching fractions, the significance is given in
parentheses.


title: Warped Kaluza-Klein Towers Revisited

abstract:
  Inspired by the warped Randall Sundrum scenario proposed to solve the mass
scale hierarchy problem with a compactified fifth extra dimension, a similar
model with no metric singularities has been elaborated. In this framework, the
Kaluza-Klein reduction equations for a real massless scalar field propagating
in the bulk have been studied carefully from the point of view of hermiticity
so as to formulate in a mathematically rigorous way all the possible boundary
conditions and corresponding mass eigenvalue towers and tachyon states. The
physical masses as observable in our four-dimensional brane are deduced from
these mass eigenvalues depending on the location of the brane on the extra
dimension axis. Examples of mass towers and tachyons and related field
probability densities are presented from numerical computations performed for
some arbitrary choices of the parameters of the model.


title:
Origin of lower velocity dispersions of ultra-compact dwarf galaxy
  populations in clusters of galaxies

abstract:
  Recent observations have revealed that velocity dispersions of
``ultra-compact dwarf'' (UCD) galaxies are significantly smaller than those of
other galaxy populations in the Fornax and the Virgo clusters of galaxies. In
order to understand the origin of the observed lower velocity dispersions of
UCDs, we numerically investigate line-of-sight velocity dispersion (sigma_los)
of galaxy populations with variously different orbits in clusters of galaxies
with the total masses of M_cl. We particularly investigate radial velocity
dispersion profiles (sigma_los(R)) and velocity dispersions within the central
200 kpc of a cluster model (sigma_m) for galaxies with different pericenter
distances (r_p) and orbital eccentricities (e) in the model with M_cl = 7.0 x
10^13 M_sun reasonable for the Fornax cluster. We find that sigma_los(R) and
sigma_m of galaxies with smaller r_p are steeper and smaller, respectively, for
a given initial e distribution of galaxies. For example, we find that sigma_m
is ~ 260 km/s for galaxies with r_p <50 kpc and ~ 336 km/s for all galaxies in
the model with the mean e of 0.6. These results imply that the observed lower
velocity dispersion of UCD population is consistent with the UCDs having
significantly smaller r_p than other galaxy populations in the Fornax. We
discuss these results in the context of the ``galaxy threshing'' scenario in
which UCDs originate from nuclei of nucleated dwarf galaxies. We suggest that
the observed differences in kinematical properties between UCDs and other dwarf
galaxy populations in clusters of galaxies can be understood in terms of the
differences in orbital properties between UCDs and the dwarf populations.


title:
Characterisation of pulsed Carbon fiber illuminators for FIR instrument
  calibration

abstract:
  We manufactured pulsed illuminators emitting in the far infrared for the
Planck-HFI bolometric instrument ground calibrations. Specific measurements
have been conducted on these light sources, based on Carbon fibers, to
understand and predict their properties. We present a modelisation of the
temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and the calorific
capacitance of the fibers. A comparison between simulations and bolometer data
is given, that shows the coherence of our model. Their small time constants,
their stability and their emission spectrum pointing in the submm range make
these illuminators a very usefull tool for calibrating FIR instruments.


title: On the Complexity of the Interlace Polynomial

abstract:
  We consider the two-variable interlace polynomial introduced by Arratia,
Bollobas and Sorkin (2004). We develop graph transformations which allow us to
derive point-to-point reductions for the interlace polynomial. Exploiting these
reductions we obtain new results concerning the computational complexity of
evaluating the interlace polynomial at a fixed point. Regarding exact
evaluation, we prove that the interlace polynomial is #P-hard to evaluate at
every point of the plane, except on one line, where it is trivially polynomial
time computable, and four lines, where the complexity is still open. This
solves a problem posed by Arratia, Bollobas and Sorkin (2004). In particular,
three specializations of the two-variable interlace polynomial, the
vertex-nullity interlace polynomial, the vertex-rank interlace polynomial and
the independent set polynomial, are almost everywhere #P-hard to evaluate, too.
For the independent set polynomial, our reductions allow us to prove that it is
even hard to approximate at any point except at 0.


title: Evolution of the Small Magellanic Cloud

abstract:
  Based on the results of N-body simulations on the last 2.5 Gyr evolution of
the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) interacting
with the Galaxy, we firstly show when and where the leading arms (LAs) of the
Magellanic stream (MS) can pass through the Galactic plane after the MS
formation. We secondly show collisions between the outer Galactic HI disk and
the LAs of the MS can create giant HI holes and chimney-like structures in the
disk about 0.2 Gyr ago. We thirdly show that a large amount of metal-poor gas
is stripped from the SMC and transfered to the LMC during the tidal interaction
between the Clouds and the Galaxy about 0.2 and 1.3 Gyr ago. We thus propose
that this metal-poor gas can closely be associated with the origin of LMC's
young and intermediate-age stars and star clusters with distinctively
low-metallicities with [Fe/H] < -0.6.


title: A boundedness result for toric log Del Pezzo surfaces

abstract:
  In this paper we give an upper bound for the Picard number of the rational
surfaces which resolve minimally the singularities of toric log Del Pezzo
surfaces of given index $\ell$. This upper bound turns out to be a quadratic
polynomial in the variable $\ell$.


title: Emergent Quantum Mechanics and Emergent Symmetries

abstract:
  Quantum mechanics is 'emergent' if a statistical treatment of large scale
phenomena in a locally deterministic theory requires the use of quantum
operators. These quantum operators may allow for symmetry transformations that
are not present in the underlying deterministic system. Such theories allow for
a natural explanation of the existence of gauge equivalence classes (gauge
orbits), including the equivalence classes generated by general coordinate
transformations. Thus, local gauge symmetries and general coordinate invariance
could be emergent symmetries, and this might lead to new alleys towards
understanding the flatness problem of the Universe.


title: Selective amplification of scars in a chaotic optical fiber

abstract:
  In this letter we propose an original mechanism to select scar modes through
coherent gain amplification in a multimode D-shaped fiber. More precisely, we
numerically demonstrate how scar modes can be amplified by positioning a gain
region in the vicinity of specific points of a short periodic orbit known to
give rise to scar modes.