title:
Preparation of Neutron-activated Xenon for Liquid Xenon Detector
  Calibration

abstract:
  We report the preparation of neutron-activated xenon for the calibration of
liquid xenon (LXe) detectors. Gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable
states, produced by fast neutron activation, were detected and their activities
measured in a LXe scintillation detector. Following a five-day activation of
natural xenon gas with a Cf-252 (4 x 10^5 n/s) source, the activities of two
gamma ray lines at 164 keV and 236 keV, from Xe-131m and Xe-129m metastable
states, were measured at about 95 and 130 Bq/kg, respectively. We also observed
three additional lines at 35 keV, 100 keV and 275 keV, which decay away within
a few days. No long-lifetime activity was observed after the neutron
activation.


title: Truly Minimal Left-Right Symmetry Model for Electroweak Interaction

abstract:
  By using two primary doublets and one induced bidoublet Higgs fields as a
result of the interactions of the two doublets, we evaluate the predictive
power of the left-right symmetry model based on $SU(2)_{L}\otimes
SU(2)_{R}\otimes U(1)$ gauge group to the gauge bosons masses, leptons masses,
and the structure of electroweak interactions. We found that the contribution
of the right charge-current to the electroweak interaction is only around
0.0073 percent. The neutrino mass emerges naturally without introducing exotic
particles. We obtain that the mixing angle $\theta = 45^{0}$ for boson sector,
$\theta \approx 45^{0}$ for neutrino sector, and $\theta = 0^{0}$ for electron
sector. The parity violation in our model could be associated with the mass
mixing in the bosons and leptons masses arise from the induced bidoublet Higgs
via symmetry breaking.
  PACs: 12.60.Cn; 12.60.Fr


title:
Parabolic equations with the second order Cauchy conditions on the
  boundary

abstract:
  The paper studies some ill-posed boundary value problems on semi-plane for
parabolic equations with homogenuous Cauchy condition at initial time and with
the second order Cauchy condition on the boundary of the semi-plane. A class of
inputs that allows some regularity is suggested and described explicitly in
frequency domain. This class is everywhere dense in the space of square
integrable functions.


title: Advances in Cardinal Arithmetic

abstract:
  If cf(kappa) = kappa, kappa^+< cf(lambda) = \lambda, then there is a
stationary subset S of {delta<lambda:cf(delta)=kappa} in I[lambda]. Moreover,
we can find <C_delta :delta in S>, C_delta a club of lambda,
otp(C_delta)=kappa, guessing clubs and for each alpha<lambda we have: {C_delta
\cap alpha: alpha \in nacc(C_delta)} has cardinality <lambda. Also, we prove
that e.g. there is a stationary subset of S_{<aleph_1}(lambda) of cardinality
cf(S_{<aleph_1}(lambda),subseteq) Then we prove the existence of nice filters
when instead being normal filters on omega_1 they are normal filters with
larger domains, which can increase during a play. They can help us transfer
situation on aleph_1-complete filters to normal ones


title: The first almost free Whitehead group

abstract:
  Assume G.C.H. and kappa is the first uncountable cardinal such that there is
a kappa-free abelian group which is not a Whitehead (abelian) group. We prove
that kappa is necessarily an inaccessible cardinal


title: On some problems in general topology

abstract:
  We prove that Arhangelskii's problem has a consistent positive answer: if
V\models CH, then for some aleph_1-complete aleph_2-c.c. forcing notion P of
cardinality aleph_2 we have that P forces ``CH and there is a Lindelof regular
topological space of size aleph_2 with clopen basis with every point of
pseudo-character aleph_0 (i.e. each singleton is the intersection of countably
many open sets)''.
  Also, we prove the consistency of: CH+ 2^{aleph_1} > \aleph_2 + "there is no
space as above with aleph_2 points" (starting with a weakly compact cardinal).


title:
Abelian and non-abelian second cohomologies of quantized enveloping
  algebras

abstract:
  For a class of pointed Hopf algebras including the quantized enveloping
algebras, we discuss cleft extensions, cocycle deformations and the second
cohomology. We present such a non-standard method of computing the abelian
second cohomology that derives information from the non-abelian second
cohomology classifying cleft extensions. As a sample computation, a quantum
analogue of Whitehead's second lemma for Lie-algebra cohomology is proved.


title: Two-component Duality and Strings

abstract:
  A phenomenologically successful two-component hadronic duality picture led to
Veneziano's amplitude, the fundamental first step to string theory. This
picture is briefly recalled and its two components are identified as the open
strings (mesons and baryons) and closed strings (Pomeron).


title: Density is at most the spread of the square

abstract:
  We show the following result:
  Assume B is an infinite Boolean Algebra and lambda=d(B). Then s(B*B)$, i.e.
s(uf(B)xuf(B))>= lambda$ (if lambda limit - obtained)


title:
Relativistic ab initio study of forbidden transitions of singly ionized
  Zinc using CCSD(T)

abstract:
  In this work, the {\it ab initio} calculations have been carried out to study
the oscillator strengths corresponding to `forbidden transitions' of
astrophysically important electromagnetic transitions of singly ionized zinc,
Zn II. Many important electron correlations are considered to all-orders using
the relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Calculated ionization potentials are
compared with the experimental values, wherever available. To our knowledge,
oscillator strengths of magnetic dipole and electric quardupole transitions are
estimated for the first time. The transitions span in the range of ultraviolet,
visible, and near infrared regions and are important for astrophysical
observations.


title: Duality and Recycling Computing in Quantum Computers

abstract:
  Quantum computer possesses quantum parallelism and offers great computing
power over classical computer \cite{er1,er2}. As is well-know, a moving quantum
object passing through a double-slit exhibits particle wave duality. A quantum
computer is static and lacks this duality property. The recently proposed
duality computer has exploited this particle wave duality property, and it may
offer additional computing power \cite{r1}. Simply put it, a duality computer
is a moving quantum computer passing through a double-slit. A duality computer
offers the capability to perform separate operations on the sub-waves coming
out of the different slits, in the so-called duality parallelism. Here we show
that an $n$-dubit duality computer can be modeled by an $(n+1)$-qubit quantum
computer. In a duality mode, computing operations are not necessarily unitary.
A $n$-qubit quantum computer can be used as an $n$-bit reversible classical
computer and is energy efficient. Our result further enables a $(n+1)$-qubit
quantum computer to run classical algorithms in a $O(2^n)$-bit classical
computer. The duality mode provides a natural link between classical computing
and quantum computing. Here we also propose a recycling computing mode in which
a quantum computer will continue to compute until the result is obtained. These
two modes provide new tool for algorithm design. A search algorithm for the
unsorted database search problem is designed.


title:
Environmental effect on the subhalo abundance -- a solution to the
  missing dwarf problem

abstract:
  Recent high-resolution simulations of the formation of dark-matter halos have
shown that the distribution of subhalos is scale-free, in the sense that if
scaled by the velocity dispersion of the parent halo, the velocity distribution
function of galaxy-sized and cluster-sized halos are identical. For
cluster-sized halos, simulation results agreed well with observations.
Simulations, however, predicted far too many subhalos for galaxy-sized halos.
Our galaxy has several tens of known dwarf galaxies. On the other hands,
simulated dark-matter halos contain thousands of subhalos. We have performed
simulation of a single large volume and measured the abundance of subhalos in
all massive halos. We found that the variation of the subhalo abundance is very
large, and those with largest number of subhalos correspond to simulated halos
in previous studies. The subhalo abundance depends strongly on the local
density of the background. Halos in high-density regions contain large number
of subhalos. Our galaxy is in the low-density region. For our simulated halos
in low-density regions, the number of subhalos is within a factor of three to
that of our galaxy. We argue that the ``missing dwarf problem'' is not a real
problem but caused by the biased selection of the initial conditions in
previous studies, which were not appropriate for field galaxies.


title: Electrically Small Supergain Arrays

abstract:
  The theory, computer simulations, and experimental measurements are presented
for electrically small two-element supergain arrays with near optimal endfire
gains of 7 dB. We show how the difficulties of narrow tolerances, large
mismatches, low radiation efficiencies, and reduced scattering of electrically
small parasitic elements are overcome by using electrically small resonant
antennas as the elements in both separately driven and singly driven
(parasitic) two-element electrically small supergain endfire arrays. Although
rapidly increasing narrow tolerances prevent the practical realization of the
maximum theoretically possible endfire gain of electrically small arrays with
many elements, the theory and preliminary numerical simulations indicate that
near maximum supergains are also achievable in practice for electrically small
arrays with three (and possibly more) resonant elements if the decreasing
bandwidth with increasing number of elements can be tolerated.


title:
Four-dimensional lattice chiral gauge theories with anomalous fermion
  content

abstract:
  In continuum field theory, it has been discussed that chiral gauge theories
with Weyl fermions in anomalous gauge representations (anomalous gauge
theories) can consistently be quantized, provided that some of gauge bosons are
permitted to acquire mass. Such theories in four dimensions are inevitablly
non-renormalizable and must be regarded as a low-energy effective theory with a
finite ultraviolet (UV) cutoff. In this paper, we present a lattice framework
which enables one to study such theories in a non-perturbative level. By
introducing bare mass terms of gauge bosons that impose ``smoothness'' on the
link field, we explicitly construct a consistent fermion integration measure in
a lattice formulation based on the Ginsparg-Wilson (GW) relation. This
framework may be used to determine in a non-perturbative level an upper bound
on the UV cutoff in low-energy effective theories with anomalous fermion
content. By further introducing the St\"uckelberg or Wess-Zumino (WZ) scalar
field, this framework provides also a lattice definition of a non-linear sigma
model with the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term.


title: Rational singularities associated to pairs

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce a notion of rational singularities associated to
pairs $(X, \ba^t)$ where $X$ is a variety, $\ba$ is an ideal sheaf and $t$ is a
nonnegative real number. We prove that most standard results about rational
singularities extend to this context. We also show that some results commonly
associated with log terminal pairs have analogs in this context, including
results related to inversion of adjunction. A positive characteristic analogue
of rational singularities of pairs is also defined and explored.


title:
Conditions for the Trivers-Willard hypothesis to be valid: A minimal
  population-genetic model

abstract:
  The very insightful Trivers-Willard hypothesis, proposed in the early 1970s,
states that females in good physiological conditions are more likely to produce
male offspring, when the variance of reproductive success amongst males is
high. A number of studies, aimed at its experimental verification, have found
adequate supportive evidence in its favour. Theoretical investigations,
however, have been few, perhaps because formulating a population-genetic model
for describing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis turns out to be surprisingly
complex. The present study describes a minimal population genetic model to
explore one specific scenario, viz. how is the preference for a male offspring
by females in good condition altered when 'g', the proportion of such females
in the population changes from a low to a high value. As expected, when the
proportion of such females is low, i.e., for low values of 'g', the
Trivers-Willard (TW) strategy goes to fixation against the equal investment
strategy. This holds true up to gmax, a critical value of 'g', above which the
two strategies coexist, but the proportion of the TW strategy steadily
decreases as 'g' increases to unity. Similarly, when the effect of well-endowed
males attaining disproportionately high number of matings is more pronounced,
the TW strategy is more likely to go to fixation. Interestingly, the success of
the TW strategy has a complex dependence on the variance in the physiological
condition of females. If the difference in the two types of conditions is not
large, TW strategy is favoured, and its success is more likely as the
difference increases. However, beyond a critical value of the difference, the
TW strategy is found to be less and less likely to succeed as the difference
becomes larger. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed.


title:
Distance-regular graphs of $q$-Racah type and the $q$-tetrahedron
  algebra

abstract:
  In this paper we discuss a relationship between the following two algebras:
(i) the subconstituent algebra $T$ of a distance-regular graph that has
$q$-Racah type; (ii) the $q$-tetrahedron algebra $\boxtimes_q$ which is a
$q$-deformation of the three-point $sl_2$ loop algebra. Assuming that every
irreducible $T$-module is thin, we display an algebra homomorphism from
$\boxtimes_q$ into $T$ and show that $T$ is generated by the image together
with the center $Z(T)$.


title: Dynamics of glucose-lactose diauxic growth in E. coli

abstract:
  We present a mathematical model of glucose-lactose diauxic growth in
Escherichia coli including both the postive and negative regulation mechanisms
of the lactose operon as well as the inducer exclusion. To validate this model,
we first calculated the time evolution of beta-galactosidase for only the
lactose nutrient and compared the numerical results with experimental data.
Second, we compared the calculated cell biomass of the glucose-lactose diauxic
growth with the experimental optical density of the diauxic growth for a
particular E. coli MG 1655. For both cases, the numerical calculations from
this model are in good agreement with these two experiments' data. The diauxic
growth pattern of a wild type E. coli was also investigated.


title: Hall Conductivity of Flavor Fields from AdS/CFT

abstract:
  We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to compute a conductivity associated with
massive N=2 supersymmetric hypermultiplet fields at finite baryon density,
propagating through an N=4 supersymmetric SU(Nc) Yang-Mills plasma in the large
Nc, large 't Hooft coupling limit. We do so by introducing external electric
and magnetic fields coupled to baryon number and computing the resulting
induced current, from which we extract the conductivity tensor. At large
hypermultiplet mass we compute the drag force on the charge carriers. We also
compute the product of the drag coefficient with the kinetic mass, and find
that the answer is unchanged from the zero density case. The gravitational dual
is a probe D7-brane, with a nontrivial worldvolume gauge field configuration,
in an AdS-Schwarzschild background. We identify an effective horizon on the
D7-brane worldvolume analogous to the worldsheet horizon observed for strings
moving in the same background. We generalize our results to a class of theories
described by probe D-branes in various backgrounds.


title:
Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric
  current

abstract:
  The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state
devices was laid by the rise of single-electronics about two decades ago.
Ultra-small structures in a low temperature environment form an ideal domain of
addressing electrons one by one. A long-standing challenge in this field has
been the realization of a source of electric current that is accurately related
to the operation frequency $f$. There is an urgent call for a quantum standard
of electric current and for the so-called metrological triangle, where voltage
from Josephson effect and resistance from quantum Hall effect are tested
against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental
constants of Nature, $\hbar$ and $e$. Several attempts to create a metrological
current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme
accuracy, high yield, and implementation with not too many control parameters
have been reported. However, no satisfactory solution exists as yet despite
many ingenious achievements that have been witnessed over the years. Here we
propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid metal-superconductor
turnstile in the form of a one-island single-electron transistor with one gate,
which demonstrates robust current plateaus at multiple levels of $ef$ within
the uncertainty of our current measurement. Our theoretical estimates show that
the errors of the present system can be efficiently suppressed by further
optimizations of design and proper choice of the device parameters and
therefore we expect it to eventually meet the stringent specifications of
quantum metrology.


title:
Effective free energy method for nematic liquid crystals in contact with
  structured substrates

abstract:
  We study the phase behavior of a nematic liquid crystal confined between a
flat substrate with strong anchoring and a patterned substrate whose structure
and local anchoring strength we vary. By first evaluating an effective surface
free energy function characterizing the patterned substrate we derive an
expression for the effective free energy of the confined nematic liquid
crystal. Then we determine phase diagrams involving a homogeneous state in
which the nematic director is almost uniform and a hybrid aligned nematic state
in which the orientation of the director varies through the cell. Direct
minimization of the free energy functional were performed in order to test the
predictions of the effective free energy method. We find remarkably good
agreement between the phase boundaries calculated from the two approaches. In
addition the effective energy method allows one to determine the energy
barriers between two states in a bistable nematic device.


title: Time and nonlocal realism: Consequences of the before-before experiment

abstract:
  It is argued that recent experiments refuting nonlocal realism, can also be
considered as experiments refuting time-ordered nonlocality and, hence,
confirming the result of the before-before experiment. However, the
before-before experiment provides a broader refutation because it also
falsifies the testable relativistic version of Bohm's nonlocal model. All this
stresses the interest of a new before-before experiment demonstrating together
the failure of time-ordered nonlocality and the violation of the Leggett's
inequality.


title:
Spectroscopy of the hot pulsating star Beta Cephei. Velocities and EWs
  from C,N,O and Si lines

abstract:
  Frequencies in oscillating $\beta$ Cephei stars are usually inferred by means
of radial velocities measured from the SiIII triplet 4552-4574 A. These lines,
relatively insensitive to the variation of Teff through a pulsation cycle, show
small equivalent width variations. In this study we aimed to verify if the
behavior of radial velocities and equivalent widths measured from other ions
are compatible with the one observed from SiIII lines and than to verify the
possible vertical stratification along the stellar atmosphere. For this reason
we selected from our spectra a number of, unblended and well isolated, CII, NII
and OII lines besides the famous SiIII triplet. All those lines cover the range
in optical depth between -2.1 and -0.5. Unfortunately, we did not find any
differences in the radial velocities behavior line-by-line and then we derived
the frequency of the principal radial mode combining all the velocities derived
from each spectral line separately. The inferred frequency was
f1=5.249677+/-0.000007 c/d.
  Another important task we would like to accomplish with this paper is to make
available to the community our large sample of spectroscopic data, that is 932
velocities and equivalent widths measured from our sample of C, N, O and Si
lines. All the spectra were acquired at the 1-meter class telescope of the
stellar station of the INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, in the
period starting from July, the 27th 2005 to November, the 1st 2006.


title: Bi-Legendrian manifolds and paracontact geometry

abstract:
  We study the interplays between paracontact geometry and the theory of
bi-Legendrian manifolds. We interpret the bi-Legendrian connection of a
bi-Legendrian manifold M as the paracontact connection of a canonical
paracontact structure induced on M and then we discuss many consequences of
this result both for bi-Legendrian and for paracontact manifolds. Finally new
classes of examples of paracontact manifolds are presented.


title: Leptogenesis within a generalized quark-lepton symmetry

abstract:
  Quark-lepton symmetry has been shown to be inconsistent with baryogenesis via
leptogenesis in natural schemes of the see-saw mechanism. Within the
phenomenological approach of textures, we relax this strict symmetry and
propose weaker conditions, namely models of the neutrino Dirac mass matrix
$M_D$ which have the same hierarchy as the matrix elements of $M_u$. We call
this guide-line generalized $hierarchical$ quark-lepton symmetry. We consider
in detail particular cases in which the moduli of the matrix elements of $M_D$
are equal to those of $M_u$. Within the phenomenological approach of textures,
we try for the heavy Majorana mass matrix diagonal and off-diagonal forms. We
find that an ansatz for $M_D$ preserving the hierarchy, together with an
off-diagonal model for the heavy Majorana neutrino mass, is consistent with
neutrino masses, neutrino mixing and baryogenesis via leptogenesis for an
intermediate mass scale $m_R \sim 10^{12}$ GeV. The preservation of the
hierarchical structure could come from a possible symmetry scheme.


title: Screening model for nanowire surface-charge sensors in liquid

abstract:
  The conductance change of nanowire field-effect transistors is considered a
highly sensitive probe for surface charge. However, Debye screening of relevant
physiological liquid environments challenge device performance due to competing
screening from the ionic liquid and nanowire charge carriers. We discuss this
effect within Thomas-Fermi and Debye-Huckel theory and derive analytical
results for cylindrical wires which can be used to estimate the sensitivity of
nanowire surface-charge sensors. We study the interplay between the nanowire
radius, the Thomas-Fermi and Debye screening lengths, and the length of the
functionalization molecules. The analytical results are compared to
finite-element calculations on a realistic geometry.


title:
Measuring the Broad-band X-Ray Spectrum from 400 eV to 40 keV in the
  Southwest Part of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946

abstract:
  We report on results from Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the
southwest part of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with an
energy coverage of 0.4-40 keV. The X-ray spectrum, presumably of synchrotron
origin, is known to be completely lineless, making this SNR ideally suited for
a detailed study of the X-ray spectral shape formed through efficient particle
acceleration at high speed shocks. With a sensitive hard X-ray measurement from
the HXD PIN on board Suzaku, we determine the hard X-ray spectrum in the 12--40
keV range to be described by a power law with photon index Gamma = 3.2+/- 0.2,
significantly steeper than the soft X-ray index of Gamma = 2.4+/- 0.05 measured
previously with ASCA and other missions. We find that a simple power law fails
to describe the full spectral range of 0.4-40 keV and instead a power-law with
an exponential cutoff with hard index Gamma = 1.50+/- 0.09 and high-energy
cutoff epsilon_c = 1.2+/- 0.3 keV formally provides an excellent fit over the
full bandpass. If we use the so-called SRCUT model, as an alternative model, it
gives the best-fit rolloff energy of epsilon_{roll} = 0.95+/- 0.04 keV.
Together with the TeV gamma-ray spectrum ranging from 0.3 to 100 TeV obtained
recently by HESS observations, our Suzaku observations of RX J1713.7-3946
provide stringent constraints on the highest energy particles accelerated in a
supernova shock.


title: The logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow in dimension 2

abstract:
  In this paper we present our results on the logarithmic Sobolev inequality
along the Ricci flow in dimension 2.


title: Reply to `Can infrared gravitons screen $\Lambda$?'

abstract:
  We reply to the recent criticism by Garriga and Tanaka of our proposal that
quantum gravitational loop corrections may lead to a secular screening of the
effective cosmological constant. Their argument rests upon a renormalization
scheme in which the composite operator $(R \sqrt{-g} - 4 \Lambda \sqrt{-g}
)_{\rm ren}$ is defined to be the trace of the renormalized field equations.
Although this is a peculiar prescription, we show that it {\it does not
preclude secular screening}. Moreover, we show that a constant Ricci scalar
{\it does not even classically} imply a constant expansion rate. Other
important points are: (1) the quantity $R_{\rm ren}$ of Garriga and Tanaka is
neither a properly defined composite operator, nor is it constant; (2) gauge
dependence does not render a Green's function devoid of physical content; (3)
scalar models on a non-dynamical de Sitter background (for which there is no
gauge issue) can induce arbitrarily large secular contributions to the stress
tensor; (4) the same secular corrections appear in observable quantities in
quantum gravity; and (5) the prospects seem good for deriving a simple
stochastic formulation of quantum gravity in which the leading secular effects
can be summed and for which the expectation values of even complicated, gauge
invariant operators can be computed at leading order.


title:
The logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow: the case
  $\lambda_0(g_0)=0$

abstract:
  We extend our previous results on the logarithmic Sobolev inequality along
the Ricci flow in the case $\lambda_0(g_0)>0$ to the case $\lambda_0(g_0)=0$.


title: Search for B0 -> rho0rho0 and Non-Resonant B0 -> 4pi Decays

abstract:
  We search for the decay B0 -> rho0rho0 and other possible charmless modes
with a pi+pi-pi+pi- final state, including B0 -> rho0f0(980), B0 ->
f0(980)f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)pipi, B0 -> rho0pipi and non-resonant B0 -> 4pi.
These results are obtained from a data sample containing 520 x 10^6 BBar pairs
collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We
measure a branching fraction of (0.9 +/- 0.4^{+0.3}_{-0.4}) x 10^{-6}, or B(B0
-> rho0rho0) < 1.6 x 10^{-6} at the 90% confidence level. The significance
including systematic uncertainties is 1.8\sigma. These values correspond to the
final state being longitudinally polarized. We also measure the branching
fraction of non-resonant B0 -> 4pi decay to be (10.2 +/- 4.7^{+2.3}_{-1.5}) x
10^{-6} with 2.1\sigma significance, and set the 90% confidence level upper
limit B(B0 -> 4pi) < 17.3 x 10^{-6}. For the other related decays, B0 ->
rho0f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)pipi and B0 -> rho0pipi, no
significant signals are observed and upper limits on the branching fractions
are set.


title: Textures with two traceless submatrices of the neutrino mass matrix

abstract:
  We propose a new texture for the light neutrino mass matrix. The proposal is
based upon imposing zero-trace condition on the two by two sub-matrices of the
complex symmetric Majorana mass matrix in the flavor basis where the charged
lepton mass matrix is diagonal. Restricting the mass matrix to have two
traceless sub-matrices may be found sufficient to describe the current data.
Eight out of fifteen independent possible cases are found to be compatible with
current data. Numerical and some approximate analytical results are presented.


title: The Log Entropy Functional Along the Ricci Flow

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce the log entropy functional and establish its
monotonicity along the Ricci flow. One consequence of it is the monotonicity of
the logarithmic Sobolev constant along the Ricci flow.


title: Quantum condensation from a tailored exciton population in a microcavity

abstract:
  An experiment is proposed, on the coherent quantum dynamics of a
semiconductor microcavity containing quantum dots. Modeling the experiment
using a generalized Dicke model, we show that a tailored excitation pulse can
create an energy-dependent population of excitons, which subsequently evolves
to a quantum condensate of excitons and photons. The population is created by a
generalization of adiabatic rapid passage, and then condenses due to a
dynamical analog of the BCS instability.


title:
A search for solar-like oscillations in K giants in the globular cluster
  M4

abstract:
  To expand the range in the colour-magnitude diagram where asteroseismology
can be applied, we organized a photometry campaign to find evidence for
solar-like oscillations in giant stars in the globular cluster M4. The aim was
to detect the comb-like p-mode structure characteristic for solar-like
oscillations in the amplitude spectra. The two dozen main target stars are in
the region of the bump stars and have luminosities in the range 50-140 Lsun. We
collected 6160 CCD frames and light curves for about 14000 stars were
extracted. We obtain high quality light curves for the K giants, but no clear
oscillation signal is detected. High precision differential photometry is
possible even in very crowded regions like the core of M4. Solar-like
oscillations are probably present in K giants, but the amplitudes are lower
than classical scaling laws predict.


title: Well-posedness and scattering for the KP-II equation in a critical space

abstract:
  The Cauchy problem for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-II equation
(u_t+u_{xxx}+uu_x)_x+u_{yy}=0 is considered. A small data global well-posedness
and scattering result in the scale invariant, non-isotropic, homogeneous
Sobolev space \dot H^{-1/2,0}(R^2) is derived. Additionally, it is proved that
for arbitrarily large initial data the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in
the homogeneous space \dot H^{-1/2,0}(R^2) and in the inhomogeneous space
H^{-1/2,0}(R^2), respectively.


title: Relic Radiation from an Evaporating Black Hole

abstract:
  We present a non-string-theoretic calculation of the microcanonical entropy
of relic integer-spin Hawking radiation -- at fixed total energy $E$. The only
conserved macroscopic quantity is the total energy $E$ (the total energy of the
relic radiation). Data for a boundary-value approach, with massless,
integer-spin perturbations, are set on initial and final space-like
hypersurfaces. In the resulting 1-dimensional statistical-mechanics problem,
the real part of the (complex) time separation at spatial infinity, $T =
{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\delta), \delta >0$, is the variable conjugate to the total
energy. We count the number of weak-field configurations on the final
space-like hypersurface with energy $E$. One recovers the Cardy formula and the
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, if Re(T) is of the order of the black-hole life-
time, leading to a statistical interpretation of black-hole entropy. The
microcanonical entropy includes a logarithmic correction to the black-hole area
law, which is {\it universal} (independent of black-hole parameters). Here, the
discreteness of the energy levels is crucial. This approach is compared with
that of string theory for the transition to the fundamental-string r\'egime in
the final stages of evaporation. The squared coupling, $g^2$, regulating the
transition to a highly-excited string state and {\it vice versa}, can be
related to the angle, $\delta$, of complex-time rotation above. The
strong-coupling r\'egime corresponds to a Euclidean black hole, while the
physical limit of a Lorentzian space-time (as $ \delta \to 0_+$) corresponds to
the weak-coupling r\'egime. This resembles the transition to a highly-excited
string-like state which subsequently decays into massless particles, thereby
avoiding the naked singularity.


title: Quantum amplitudes in black-hole evaporation: Spins 1 and 2

abstract:
  Quantum amplitudes for $s=1$ at Maxwell fields and for $s=2$ linearised
gravitational wave perturbations of a spherically symmetric Einstein/massless
scalar background, describing gravitational collapse to a black hole, are
treated by analogy with a previous treatment of $s=0$ scalar-field
perturbations of gravitational collapse at late times. In both the $s=1$ and
$s=2$ cases, we isolate suitable 'co-ordinate' variables which can be taken as
boundary data on a final space-like hypersurface $\Sigma_F$. For simplicity, we
take the data on an initial pre-collapse surface $\Sigma_I$ to be exactly
spherically symmetric. The (large) Lorentzian proper-time interval between
$\Sigma_{I}, \Sigma_{F}$, measured at spatial infinity, is denoted by $T$. The
complexified classical boundary-value problem is expected to be well-posed,
provide that the time interval $T$ has been rotated into the complex:
$T\to{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\theta)$, for $0<\theta\leq{\pi}/2$. We calculate the
second-variation classical Lorenztian action $S ^{(2)}_{\rm class}$. Following
Feynman, we recover the Lorentzian quantum amplitude by taking the limit as
$\theta\to 0_+$ of the semi-classical amplitude $\exp(iS^{(2)}_{\rm class})$.
The boundary data for $ s=1$ involve the Maxwell magnetic field; the data for
$s=2$ involve the magnetic part of the Weyl curvature tensor. The magnetic
boundary conditions are related to each other and to the natural $s={1 \over
2}$ boundary conditions by supersymmetry.


title:
Measurement of the Slope Parameter for the eta->3pi0 Decay in the pp->pp
  eta Reaction

abstract:
  The CELSIUS/WASA setup is used to measure the 3pi0 decay of eta mesons
produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 1.36 and 1.45 GeV.
The efficiency-corrected Dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay
are shown, together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter alpha yielding
alpha = -0.026 +/- 0.010(stat) +/- 0.010(syst). This value is compared to
recent experimental results and theoretical predictions.


title: Motion in Brane World Models: The Bazanski Approach

abstract:
  Recently, path equations have been obtained for charged, spinning objects in
brane world models, using a modified Bazanski Lagrangian. In this study, path
deviation equations of extended objects are derived. The significance of moving
extended objects in brane world models is examined. Motion in non- symmetric
brane world models is also considered.


title: Higgs Particle: The Origin of Mass

abstract:
  The Higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the Standard
Model of the elementary particle physics. It plays a special role in the theory
of mass generation of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In this article,
theoretical issues on the Higgs mechanism are first discussed, and then
experimental prospects on the Higgs particle study at the future collider
experiments, LHC and ILC, are reviewed. The Higgs coupling determination is an
essential step to establish the mass generation mechanism, which could lead to
a deeper understanding of particle physics.


title:
Photoelectron spectra of anionic sodium clusters from time-dependent
  density-functional theory in real-time

abstract:
  We calculate the excitation energies of small neutral sodium clusters in the
framework of time-dependent density-functional theory. In the presented
calculations, we extract these energies from the power spectra of the dipole
and quadrupole signals that result from a real-time and real-space propagation.
For comparison with measured photoelectron spectra, we use the ionic
configurations of the corresponding single-charged anions. Our calculations
clearly improve on earlier results for photoelectron spectra obtained from
static Kohn-Sham eigenvalues.


title:
Quantum amplitudes in black-hole evaporation: coherent and squeezed
  states

abstract:
  The quantum amplitude for processes involving the formation and evaporation
of black holes was previously calculated by means of a complex-time approach.
In that treatment, we followed Feynman's $+i\epsilon$ approach in quantum field
theory. The Lorentzian time interval $T$, measured at spatial infinity between
a pair of asymptotically flat spacelike hypersurfaces $\Sigma_I$ and $\Sigma_F$
carrying initial and final boundary data for the gravitational and other
fields, is rotated: $T\to{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\delta)$, where $0< \delta
\leq{\pi}/2$. Classically and quantum mechanically, this procedure is expected
to lead to a well-posed boundary-value problem. Thus, we have found quantum
amplitudes (not just probability densities) relating to a pure state at late
times following gravitational collapse of matter to a black hole. Such pure
states, arising from gravitational collapse, admit a description in terms of
coherent and squeezed states. Indeed, this description is not so different from
that arising in a well-known context, namely, the highly-squeezed final state
of the relic radiation background in inflationary cosmology. For definiteness,
we study the simplest model of collapse, based on Einstein gravity with a
massless scalar field. Following the complex rotation above, one finds that, in
an adiabatic approximation, the resulting quantum amplitude may be expressed in
terms of generalized coherent states of the harmonic oscillator. A physical
interpretation is given; further, a squeezed-state representation follows.


title:
Giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a
  quantum dot: Applications to entangling remote spins via a single photon

abstract:
  We propose a quantum non-demolition method - giant Faraday rotation - to
detect a single electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where
negatively-charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left- and
right-circularly polarized light reflected from the cavity feels different
phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin
selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation which can be
easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a
scalable scheme to create an arbitrary amount of entanglement between two or
more remote spins via a single photon is proposed.


title:
Models with time-dependent parameters using transform methods:
  application to Heston's model

abstract:
  This paper presents a methodology to introduce time-dependent parameters for
a wide family of models preserving their analytic tractability. This family
includes hybrid models with stochastic volatility, stochastic interest-rates,
jumps and their non-hybrid counterparts. The methodology is applied to Heston's
model. A bootstrapping algorithm is presented for calibration. A case study
works out the calibration of the time-dependent parameters to the volatility
surface of the Eurostoxx 50 index. The methodology is also applied to the
analytic valuation of forward start vanilla options driven by Heston's model.
This result is used to explore the forward skew of the case study.


title:
Who is the best connected EC researcher? Centrality analysis of the
  complex network of authors in evolutionary computation

abstract:
  Co-authorship graphs (that is, the graph of authors linked by co-authorship
of papers) are complex networks, which expresses the dynamics of a complex
system. Only recently its study has started to draw interest from the EC
community, the first paper dealing with it having been published two years ago.
In this paper we will study the co-authorship network of EC at a microscopic
level. Our objective is ascertaining which are the most relevant nodes (i.e.
authors) in it. For this purpose, we examine several metrics defined in the
complex-network literature, and analyze them both in isolation and combined
within a Pareto-dominance approach. The result of our analysis indicates that
there are some well-known researchers that appear systematically in top
rankings. This also provides some hints on the social behavior of our
community.


title:
p-adic Monodromy of the Universal Deformation of a HW-cyclic
  Barsotti-Tate Group

abstract:
  Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$, and $G_0$ be
a Barsotti-Tate group (or $p$-divisible group) over k. We denote by $S$ the
"algebraic" local moduli in characteristic p of $G_0$, by $G$ the universal
deformation of $G_0$ over $S$, and by $U\subset S$ the ordinary locus of $G$.
The etale part of $G$ over $U$ gives rise to a monodromy representation $\rho$
of the fundamental group of $U$ on the Tate module of $G$. Motivated by a
famous theorem of Igusa, we prove in this article that $\rho$ is surjective if
$G_0$ is connected and HW-cyclic. This latter condition is equivalent to that
Oort's $a$-number of $G_0$ equals 1, and it is satisfied by all connected
one-dimensional Barsotti-Tate groups over $k$.


title:
Nonantagonistic noisy duels of discrete type with an arbitrary number of
  actions

abstract:
  We study a nonzero-sum game of two players which is a generalization of the
antagonistic noisy duel of discrete type. The game is considered from the point
of view of various criterions of optimality. We prove existence of
epsilon-equilibrium situations and show that the epsilon-equilibrium strategies
that we have found are epsilon-maxmin. Conditions under which the equilibrium
plays are Pareto-optimal are given.
  Keywords: noisy duel, payoff function, strategy, equilibrium situation,
Pareto optimality, the value of a game.


title:
Commentary on: "Unconventional elasticity in smectic-A elastomers" by O.
  Stenull and T.C. Lubensky

abstract:
  The reorientation behaviour of a smectic-A (SmA) elastomer deformed parallel
to the smectic layer normal has been interpreted as a Sm-C like transition by
Stenull and Lubensky. Experiments, however, prove that such a transition does
not occur.


title:
Effects of selective dilution on the magnetic properties of
  La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Mn_{1-x}M'_xO_3 (M' = Al, Ti)

abstract:
  The magnetic lattice of mixed-valence Mn ions in
La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ is selectively diluted by partial substitution of
Al or Ti for Mn. The ferromagnetic transition temperature $T_\mathrm{c}$ and
the saturation magnetization $M_\mathrm{s}$ both decrease with substitution. By
presenting the data in terms of selective dilution, $T_\mathrm{c}$ in the
low-doping region is found to follow the relation
$T_\mathrm{c}=T_\mathrm{c0}(1-n_\mathrm{p})$, where $T_\mathrm{c0}$ refers to
the undiluted system and $n_\mathrm{p}$ is the dilution concentration defined
as $n_\mathrm{p}=x/0.7$ or $n_\mathrm{p}=x/0.3$ for $M^\prime=$ Al or Ti,
respectively. The scaling behavior of $T_\mathrm{c}(n_\mathrm{p})$ can be
analyzed in the framework of the molecular-field theory and still valid when Mn
is substituted by both Al and Ti. The results are discussed with respect to the
contributions from ferromagnetic double exchange and other possible
antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions coexisting in the material.


title: Derivative of BICM Mutual Information

abstract:
  In this letter we determine the derivative of the mutual information
corresponding to bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. The derivative
follows as a linear combination of minimum-mean-squared error functions of
coded modulation sets. The result finds applications to the analysis of
communications systems in the wideband regime and to the design of power
allocation over parallel channels.


title:
Optical Birefringence and Domain Structure of the as-grown
  Rb2xTl2(1-x)Cd2(SO4)3 Solid Solutions at Phase Transitions

abstract:
  It is shown that the as-grown solid solutions Tl2xRb2(1-x)Cd2(SO4)3 possess a
residual optical birefringence in the cubic phase at room temperature. The
existence of both the residual birefringence and the residual domain structure
in the compound with x=0.8 at the room temperature, along with the domain walls
orientation and the orientation of extinction positions of the neighbouring
domains, indicate that the above domain structure corresponds to "forbidden"
ferroelastic domains of the phase P212121. On the basis of measurements for the
temperature variation of the birefringence and observations of the domain
structure transformations, one can conclude that the phases with the symmetries
P213 and P21 coexist above Tc1 in the compounds with x = 0.7 - 1.0. The phase
transition temperatures Tc1, Tc2, and Tc3 obtained from the temperature
birefringence variations agree well with those obtained previously, using the
studies of thermal expansion and ultrasonic wave velocities.


title:
Studies of Optical Damage in Photorefractive Single LiNbO3 Crystals
  using Imaging Polarimetry

abstract:
  The optical damage of photorefractive material, single LiNbO3 crystal, is
experimentally studied. The specimen has been illuminated with the radiation of
continuous Ar-laser (the wavelength of 488 nm) focused to 35?m spot. The
induced birefringence map is obtained by means of imaging polarimeter.
Promising resources of the experimental setup for detecting laser-induced
damage in photorefractive materials is demonstrated.


title: Curvature flows on four manifolds with boundary

abstract:
  Given a compact four dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ with
smooth boundary, we consider the evolution equation by $Q$-curvature in the
interior keeping the $T$-curvature and the mean curvature to be zero and the
evolution equation by $T$-curvature at the boundary with the condition that the
$Q$-curvature and the mean curvature vanish. Using integral method, we prove
global existence and convergence for the $Q$-curvature flow (resp $T$-curvature
flow) to smooth metric of prescribed $Q$-curvature (resp
  $T$-curvature) under conformally invariant assumptions.


title: Constraints on non-thermal Dark Matter from Planck lensing extraction

abstract:
  Distortions of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropy maps caused by
gravitational lensing, observable with high angular resolution and sensitivity,
can be used to constrain the sterile neutrino mass, offering several advantages
against the analysis based on the combination of CMB, LSS and Ly\alpha forest
power spectra. As the gravitational lensing effect depends on the matter
distribution, no assumption on light-to-mass bias is required. In addition,
unlike the galaxy clustering and Ly\alpha forest power spectra, the projected
gravitational potential power spectrum probes a larger range of angular scales,
the non-linear corrections being required only at very small scales. Taking
into account the changes in the time-temperature relation of the primordial
plasma and the modification of the neutrino thermal potential, we compute the
projected gravitational potential power spectrum and its correlation with the
temperature in the presence of DM sterile neutrino. We show that the
cosmological parameters are generally not biased when DM sterile neutrino is
included. From this analysis we found a lower limit on DM sterile neutrino mass
m_s >2.08 keV at 95% CL, consistent with the lower mass limit obtained from the
combined analysis of CMB, SDSS 3D power spectrum and SDSS Ly\alpha forest power
spectrum ($m_{\nu_s}>1.7$ keV). We conclude that although the information that
can be obtained from lensing extraction is rather limited due to the high level
of the lensing noise of Planck experiment, weak lensing of CMB offers a
valuable alternative to constrain the dark matter sterile neutrino mass.


title:
"Dark galaxies" and local very metal-poor gas-rich galaxies: possible
  interrelations

abstract:
  There are only a few ``dark galaxy'' candidates discovered to date in the
local Universe. One of the most prominent of them is the SW component of a
merging system HI 1225+01. On the other hand, the number of known very
metal-poor gas-rich dwarfs similar to IZw18 and SBS 0335-052 E,W has grown
drastically during the last decade, from a dozen and a half to about five
dozen. Many of them are very gas-rich, having from ~90 to 99% of all baryons in
gas. For some of such objects that have the deep photometry data, no evidences
for the light of old stars are found. At least a half of such galaxies with the
prominent starbursts have various evidences of interactions, including advanced
mergers. This suggests that a fraction of this group objects can be a kind of
very stable protogalaxies (or ``dark galaxies''), which have recently
experienced strong disturbances from nearby massive galaxy-size bodies. Such a
collision caused the gas instabilities and its collapse with the subsequent
onset of starburst. We briefly discuss the morphology and gas kinematics for
the subsample of the most metal-poor dwarfs that illustrate this picture. We
discuss also the relation of these rare galaxies to the processes by which
``dark galaxies'' can occasionally transform to optically visible galaxies.


title:
Influence of magnetic field offsets on the resistance of magnetic
  barriers in two-dimensional electron gases

abstract:
  Magnetic barriers in two-dimensional electron gases are shifted in B space by
homogeneous, perpendicular magnetic fields. The magnetoresistance across the
barrier shows a characteristic asymmetric dip in the regime where the polarity
of the homogeneous magnetic field is opposite to that one of the magnetic
barrier. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with semiclassical
simulations, which reveal that the magnetoresistance originates from the
interplay of snake orbits with E x B drift at the edges of the Hall bar and
with elastic scattering.


title:
Ground-state triply and doubly heavy baryons in a relativistic
  three-quark model

abstract:
  Mass spectra of the ground-state baryons consisting of three or two heavy (b
or c) and one light (u,d,s) quarks are calculated in the framework of the
relativistic quark model and the hyperspherical expansion. The predictions of
masses of the triply and doubly heavy baryons are obtained by employing the
perturbation theory for the spin-independent and spin-dependent parts of the
three-quark Hamiltonian.


title: Alignment and Precession of a Black Hole with a Warped Accretion Disc

abstract:
  We consider the shape of an accretion disc whose outer regions are misaligned
with the spin axis of a central black hole and calculate the steady state form
of the warped disc in the case where the viscosity and surface densities are
power laws in the distance from the central black hole. We discuss the shape of
the resulting disc in both the frame of the black hole and that of the outer
disc. We note that some parts of the disc and also any companion star maybe
shadowed from the central regions by the warp. We compute the torque on the
black hole caused by the Lense-Thirring precession and hence compute the
alignment and precession timescales. We generalise the case with viscosity and
hence surface density independent of radius to more realistic density
distributions for which the surface density is a decreasing function of radius.
We find that the alignment timescale does not change greatly but the precession
timescale is more sensitive. We also determine the effect on this timescale if
we truncate the disc. For a given truncation radius, the the timescales are
less affected for more sharply falling density distributions.


title: Acoustooptic Diffraction in Borate Crystals

abstract:
  The efficiency of acoustooptic (AO) diffraction in a-BaB2O4 and Li2B4O7
crystals is studied experimentally. The crystals are shown to be quite good AO
materials. The efficiency of AO diffraction in a-BaB2O4 reaches h=30% at the
electric signal power of P=0.7W for the transverse acoustic wave and 15% at the
power of P=0.56W for the longitudinal wave. The same parameter for Li2B4O7
reaches h=21% at P=0,81W for the longitudinal acoustic wave.


title: Pfaffian Expressions for Random Matrix Correlation Functions

abstract:
  It is well known that Pfaffian formulas for eigenvalue correlations are
useful in the analysis of real and quaternion random matrices. Moreover the
parametric correlations in the crossover to complex random matrices are
evaluated in the forms of Pfaffians. In this article, we review the
formulations and applications of Pfaffian formulas. For that purpose, we first
present the general Pfaffian expressions in terms of the corresponding skew
orthogonal polynomials. Then we clarify the relation to Eynard and Mehta's
determinant formula for hermitian matrix models and explain how the evaluation
is simplified in the cases related to the classical orthogonal polynomials.
Applications of Pfaffian formulas to random matrix theory and other fields are
also mentioned.


title:
Non--Localizability of Electric Coupling and Gravitational Binding of
  Charged Objects

abstract:
  The energy--momentum tensor in general relativity contains only localized
contributions to the total energy--momentum. Here, we consider a static,
spherically symmetric object consisting of a charged perfect fluid. For this
object, the total gravitational mass contains a non--localizable contribution
of electric coupling (ordinarily associated with electromagnetic mass). We
derive an explicit expression for the total mass which implies that the
non--localizable contribution of electric coupling is not bound together by
gravity, thus ruling out existence of the objects with pure Lorentz
electromagnetic mass in general relativity.


title: Genome landscapes and bacteriophage codon usage

abstract:
  Across all kingdoms of biological life, protein-coding genes exhibit unequal
usage of synonmous codons. Although alternative theories abound, translational
selection has been accepted as an important mechanism that shapes the patterns
of codon usage in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes. Here we analyze patterns
of codon usage across 74 diverse bacteriophages that infect E. coli, P.
aeruginosa and L. lactis as their primary host. We introduce the concept of a
`genome landscape,' which helps reveal non-trivial, long-range patterns in
codon usage across a genome. We develop a series of randomization tests that
allow us to interrogate the significance of one aspect of codon usage, such a
GC content, while controlling for another aspect, such as adaptation to
host-preferred codons. We find that 33 phage genomes exhibit highly non-random
patterns in their GC3-content, use of host-preferred codons, or both. We show
that the head and tail proteins of these phages exhibit significant bias
towards host-preferred codons, relative to the non-structural phage proteins.
Our results support the hypothesis of translational selection on viral genes
for host-preferred codons, over a broad range of bacteriophages.


title:
A survey of the Wolf-Rayet population of the barred, spiral galaxy NGC
  1313

abstract:
  We present a VLT/FORS1 survey of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the spiral galaxy
NGC 1313. In total, 94 WR candidate sources have been identified from
narrow-band imaging. Of these, 82 have been spectroscopically observed, for
which WR emission features are confirmed in 70 cases, one of which also
exhibits strong nebular HeII 4686 emission. We also detect strong nebular HeII
4686 emission within two other regions of NGC 1313, one of which is a possible
supernova remnant. Nebular properties confirm that NGC 1313 has a metal-content
log(O/H)+12=8.23+/-0.06, in good agreement with previous studies. From
continuum subtracted Halpha images we infer a global star formation rate of 0.6
Msun/yr. Using template LMC WR stars, spectroscopy reveals that NGC 1313 hosts
a minimum of 84 WR stars. Our census comprises 51 WN stars, including a rare
WN/C transition star plus 32 WC stars. In addition, we identify one WO star
which represents the first such case identified beyond the Local Group. The
bright giant HII region PES 1, comparable in Halpha luminosity to NGC 595 in M
33, is found to host a minimum of 17 WR stars. The remaining photometric
candidates generally display photometric properties consistent with WN stars,
such that we expect a global WR population of ~115 stars with N(WR)/N(O)~0.01
and N(WC)/N(WN)~0.4.


title:
Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Thin Foils with Circularly Polarized
  Laser Pulses

abstract:
  A new regime is described for Radiation Pressure Acceleration of a thin foil
by an intense laser beam of above 10^20 W/cm^2. Highly monoenergetic proton
beams extending to GeV energies can be produced with very high efficiency using
circularly polarized light. The proton beams have a very small divergence angle
(less than 4 degrees). This new method allows the construction of ultra-compact
proton and ion accelerators with ultra-short particle bursts.


title:
Topological Andr\'e-Quillen homology for cellular commutative
  $S$-algebras

abstract:
  Topological Andr\'e-Quillen homology for commutative $S$-algebras was
introduced by Basterra following work of Kriz, and has been intensively studied
by several authors. In this paper we discuss it as a homology theory on CW
$S$-algebras and apply it to obtain results on minimal atomic $p$-local
$S$-algebras which generalise those of Baker and May for $p$-local spectra and
simply connected spaces. We exhibit some new examples of minimal atomic
$S$-algebras.


title:
The empirical metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rate of O- and
  early B-type stars

abstract:
  [Abridged] We present a comprehensive study of the metallicity dependence of
the mass-loss rates in stationary stellar winds of hot massive stars. Assuming
a power-law dependence of mass loss on metallicity, Mdot \propto Z^{m}, and
adopting a theoretical relation between the terminal velocity and metallicity,
v_inf \propto Z^{0.13} (Leitherer et al.), we find m = 0.83 +/- 0.16 for
non-clumped outflows from an analysis of the wind momentum luminosity relation
(WLR) for stars more luminous than 10^{5.2} Lsun. Within the errors, this
result agrees with the prediction of m = 0.69 +/- 0.10 from Vink et al. For the
high luminosity stars we find the mass loss rates to be greater than the
predictions, implying wind clumping factors in their line-forming regions of
~4. For lower luminosity stars, the winds are so weak that their strengths
cannot be reliably derived from optical lines, and one must rely on analysis of
UV lines. In the low-luminosity domain the Galactic WLR is found to be much
steeper than expected from theory, leading to a discrepancy between UV
mass-loss rates and the predictions by a factor 100 at luminosities of L ~
10^{4.75} Lsun, the origin of which is unknown. We emphasize that even if the
current mass-loss rates of hot luminous stars are overestimated as a result of
wind clumping, the degree of clumping would likely to be independent of
metallicity, so the scalings derived in this study are expected to remain
correct.


title: The hamiltonian study of supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics

abstract:
  The hamiltonian formulation of Supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics
(SYMQM) is discussed. We focus on the Fock space formulation of the models
since it is convenient for the numerical analysis, however some novel
analytical results are also pointed out.


title:
Density-Profile Processes Describing Biological Signaling Networks:
  Almost Sure Convergence to Deterministic Trajectories

abstract:
  We introduce jump processes in R^k, called density-profile process, to model
biological signaling networks. They describe the macroscopic evolution of
finite-size spin-flip models with k types of spins interacting through a
non-reversible Glauber dynamics. We focus on the the k-dimensional
empirical-magnetization vector in the thermodynamic limit, and prove that,
within arbitrary finite time-intervals, its path converges almost surely to a
deterministic trajectory determined by a first-order (non-linear) differential
equation. As parameters of the spin-flip dynamics change, the associated
dynamical system may go through bifurcations, associated to phase transitions
in the statistical mechanical setting. We present a simple example of spin-flip
stochastic model leading to a dynamical system with Hopf and pitchfork
bifurcations; depending on the parameter values, the magnetization random path
can either converge to a unique stable fixed point, converge to one of a pair
of stable fixed points, or asymptotically evolve close to a deterministic orbit
in R^k.


title: Sustainability of multi-field inflation and bound on string scale

abstract:
  We study the effects of the interaction terms between the inflaton fields on
the inflationary dynamics in multi-field models. With power law type potential
and interactions, the total number of e-folds may get considerably reduced and
can lead to unacceptably short period of inflation. Also we point out that this
can place a bound on the characteristic scale of the underlying theory such as
string theory. Using a simple multi-field chaotic inflation model from string
theory, the string scale is constrained to be larger than the scale of grand
unified theory.


title: Quelques courbes de Hecke se plongent dans l'espace de Colmez

abstract:
  Let p be a prime, C the p-adic Eigencurve (with tame level 1) and Z the
blow-up of the Fredholm hypersurface of the U_p - operator at the special
points. We show that for p = 2, 3, 5 and 7, the natural map C -> Z is a
rigid-analytic isomorphism.


title: Inflating branes inside topological defects and periodic structures

abstract:
  We study brane world models which contain local topological defects in the
bulk and a (3+1)-dimensional inflating brane. We put the emphasis on new types
of solutions that are periodic in the bulk radial coordinate and thus provide
examples of "naturally compactified" brane worlds.


title: Focus Point SUSY at the LHC Revisited

abstract:
  The estimation of the backgrounds for gluino signals in focus point
supersymmetry is extended by including the backgrounds from the production of
four third generation quarks in the analysis. We find that these backgrounds
are negligible if one uses the strong selection criteria proposed in the
literature (including this analysis) for heavy gluino searches. Softer
selection criteria often recommended for lighter gluino searches yield
backgrounds which are small but numerically significant. We have also repeated
the more conventional background calculations and compared our results with the
other groups. We find that the size of the total residual background estimated
by different groups using different event generators and hard kinematical cuts
agree approximately. In view of the theoretical uncertainties in the leading
order signal and background cross sections mainly due to the choice of the QCD
scale, the gluino mass reach at the LHC cannot be pinpointed. However,
requiring a signal with $\rm\geq 3$ tagged b-jets (instead of the standard
choice of $\rm\geq 2$) it is shown that gluino masses close to 2 TeV can be
probed at the LHC for a range of reasonable choices of the QCD scale for an
integrated luminosity of 300 fb$^{-1}$.


title: Three-dimensional MHD simulation of expanding magnetic flux ropes

abstract:
  Three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical simulations of the dynamics of
magnetic flux ropes are presented. The simulations are targeted towards an
experiment previously conducted at CalTech (Bellan, P. M. and J. F. Hansen,
Phys. Plasmas, 5, 1991 (1998)) which aimed at simulating Solar prominence
eruptions in the laboratory. The plasma dynamics is described by ideal MHD
using different models for the evolution of the mass density. Key features of
the reported experimental observations like pinching of the current loop, its
expansion and distortion into helical shape are reproduced in the numerical
simulations. Details of the final structure depend on the choice of a specific
model for the mass density.


title:
Matrix equations of hydrodynamic type as lower-dimensional reductions of
  Self-dual type $S$-integrable systems

abstract:
  We show that matrix $Q\times Q$ Self-dual type $S$-integrable Partial
Differential
  Equations (PDEs) possess a family of lower-dimensional reductions represented
by the matrix $ Q \times n_0 Q$ quasilinear first order PDEs solved in
\cite{SZ1} by the method of characteristics. In turn, these PDEs admit two
types of available particular solutions: (a) explicit solutions and (b)
solutions described implicitly by a system of non-differential equations. The
later solutions, in particular, exhibit the wave profile breaking. Only first
type of solutions is available for (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear $S$-integrable
PDEs. (1+1)-dimensional $N$-wave equation, (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional
Pohlmeyer equations are represented as examples. We also represent a new
version of the dressing method which supplies both classical solutions and
solutions with wave profile breaking to the above $S$-integrable PDEs.


title:
Lefschetz fibrations, intersection numbers, and representations of the
  framed braid group

abstract:
  We examine the action of the fundamental group $\Gamma$ of a Riemann surface
with $m$ punctures on the middle dimensional homology of a regular fiber in a
Lefschetz fibration, and describe to what extent this action can be recovered
from the intersection numbers of vanishing cycles. Basis changes for the
vanishing cycles result in a nonlinear action of the framed braid group
$\widetilde{\mathcal B}$ on $m$ strings on a suitable space of $m\times m$
matrices. This action is determined by a family of cohomologous 1-cocycles
${\mathcal S}_c:\widetilde{\mathcal B}\to GL_m({\mathbb{Z}}[\Gamma])$
parametrized by distinguished configurations $c$ of embedded paths from the
regular value to the critical values. In the case of the disc, we compare this
family of cocycles with the Magnus cocycles given by Fox calculus and consider
some abelian reductions giving rise to linear representations of braid groups.
We also prove that, still in the case of the disc, the intersection numbers
along straight lines, which conjecturally make sense in infinite dimensional
situations, carry all the relevant information.


title:
Quantum Singularities in Spacetimes with Spherical and Cylindrical
  Topological Defects

abstract:
  Exact solutions of Einstein equations with null Riemman-Christoffel curvature
tensor everywhere, except on a hypersurface, are studied using quantum
particles obeying the Klein-Gordon equation. We consider the particular cases
when the curvature is represented by a Dirac delta function with support either
on a sphere or on a cylinder (spherical and cylindrical shells). In particular,
we analyze the necessity of extra boundary conditions on the shells.


title: Fluctuation scaling in complex systems: Taylor's law and beyond

abstract:
  Complex systems consist of many interacting elements which participate in
some dynamical process. The activity of various elements is often different and
the fluctuation in the activity of an element grows monotonically with the
average activity. This relationship is often of the form "$fluctuations \approx
const.\times average^\alpha$", where the exponent $\alpha$ is predominantly in
the range $[1/2, 1]$. This power law has been observed in a very wide range of
disciplines, ranging from population dynamics through the Internet to the stock
market and it is often treated under the names \emph{Taylor's law} or
\emph{fluctuation scaling}. This review attempts to show how general the above
scaling relationship is by surveying the literature, as well as by reporting
some new empirical data and model calculations. We also show some basic
principles that can underlie the generality of the phenomenon. This is followed
by a mean-field framework based on sums of random variables. In this context
the emergence of fluctuation scaling is equivalent to some corresponding limit
theorems. In certain physical systems fluctuation scaling can be related to
finite size scaling.


title: Complex cobordism classes of homogeneous spaces

abstract:
  We consider compact homogeneous spaces G/H of positive Euler characteristic
endowed with an invariant almost complex structure J and the canonical action
\theta of the maximal torus T ^{k} on G/H. We obtain explicit formula for the
cobordism class of such manifold through the weights of the action \theta at
the identity fixed point eH by an action of the quotient group W_G/W_H of the
Weyl groups for G and H. In this way we show that the cobordism class for such
manifolds can be computed explicitly without information on their cohomology.
We also show that formula for cobordism class provides an explicit way for
computing the classical Chern numbers for (G/H, J). As a consequence we obtain
that the Chern numbers for (G/H, J) can be computed without information on
cohomology for G/H. As an application we provide an explicit formula for
cobordism classes and characteristic numbers of the flag manifolds U(n)/T^n,
Grassmann manifolds G_{n,k}=U(n)/(U(k)\times U(n-k)) and some particular
interesting examples.


title: Spectral Coarse Graining and Synchronization in Oscillator Networks

abstract:
  Coarse graining techniques offer a promising alternative to large-scale
simulations of complex dynamical systems, as long as the coarse-grained system
is truly representative of the initial one. Here, we investigate how the
dynamical properties of oscillator networks are affected when some nodes are
merged together to form a coarse-grained network. Moreover, we show that there
exists a way of grouping nodes preserving as much as possible some crucial
aspects of the network dynamics. This coarse graining approach provides a
useful method to simplify complex oscillator networks, and more generally any
network whose dynamics involves a Laplacian matrix.


title: Wegner bounds for a two-particle tight binding model

abstract:
  We consider a quantum two-particle system on a d-dimensional lattice with
interaction and in presence of an IID external potential. We establish
Wegner-typer estimates for such a model. The main tool used is Stollmann's
lemma.


title: Doppler shift oscillations in solar spicules

abstract:
  Consecutive height series of Ha spectra in solar limb spicules taken on the
53 cm coronagraph of Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory at the heights of
3800-8700 km above the photosphere have been analyzed. The aim is to observe
oscillatory phenomena in spicules and consequently to trace wave propagations
through the chromosphere. The Discrete Fourier Transform analysis of Ha Doppler
shift time series constructed from the observed spectra at each height is used.
Doppler velocities of solar limb spicules show oscillations with periods of
20-55 and 75-110 s. There is also the clear evidence of 3-min oscillations at
the observed heights. The oscillations can be caused by wave propagations in
thin magnetic flux tubes anchored in the photosphere. We suggest the
granulation as a possible source for the wave excitation. Observed waves can be
used as a tool for spicule seismology; the magnetic field strength in spicules
at the height of about 6000 km above the photosphere is estimated as 12-15 G.


title:
Electrified BPS Giants: BPS configurations on Giant Gravitons with
  Static Electric Field

abstract:
  We consider D3-brane action in the maximally supersymmetric type IIB
plane-wave background. Upon fixing the light-cone gauge, we obtain the
light-cone Hamiltonian which is manifestly supersymmetric. The 1/2 BPS
solutions of this theory (solutions which preserve 16 supercharges) are either
of the form of spherical three branes, the giant gravitons, or zero size point
like branes. We then construct specific classes of 1/4 BPS solutions of this
theory in which static electric field on the brane is turned on. These
solutions are deformations about either of the two 1/2 BPS solutions. In
particular, we study in some detail 1/4 BPS configurations with electric dipole
on the three sphere giant, i.e. BIons on the giant gravitons, which we hence
call BIGGons. We also study BPS configurations corresponding to turning on a
background uniform constant electric field. As a result of this background
electric field the three sphere giant is deformed to squashed sphere, while the
zero size point like branes turn into circular or straight fundamental strings
in the plane-wave background, with their tension equal to the background
electric field.


title:
Dynamics of the molecular orientation field coupled to ions in
  two-dimensional ferroelectric liquid crystals

abstract:
  Molecular orientation fluctuations in ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals
produce space charges, due to the divergence of the spontaneous polarization.
These space charges interact with mobile ions, so that one must consider the
coupled dynamics of the orientation and ionic degrees of freedom. Previous
theory and light scattering experiments on thin free-standing films of
ferroelectric liquid crystals have not included this coupling, possibly
invalidating their quantitative conclusions. We consider the most important
case of very slow ionic dynamics, compared to rapid orientational fluctuations,
and focus on the use of a short electric field pulse to quench orientational
fluctuations. We find that the resulting change in scattered light intensity
must include a term due to the quasistatic ionic configuration, which has
previously been ignored. In addition to developing the general theory, we
present a simple model to demonstrate the role of this added term.


title: Warped Deformed Throats have Faster (Electroweak) Phase Transitions

abstract:
  We study the dynamics of the finite-temperature phase transition for warped
Randall-Sundrum(RS)-like throat models related to the Klebanov-Tseytlin
solution. We find that, for infrared branes stabilized near the tip of the
throat, the bounce action has a mild N^2 dependence, where N(y) \sim [M_5
L(y)]^{3/2} is the effective number of degrees of freedom of the holographic
dual QFT, and where L(y) is the local curvature radius, which decreases in the
infrared. In addition, the bounce action is not enhanced by large numbers.
These features allow the transition to successfully complete over a wider
parameter range than for Goldberger-Wise stabilized RS models. Due to the
increase of L(y) in the ultraviolet, the throat has a reliable gravitational
description even when the number of infrared degrees of freedom is small. We
also comment on aspects of the thermal phase transition in Higgsless models,
where the gauge symmetry breaking is achieved via boundary conditions. Such
models include orbifold-GUT models and the Higgsless electroweak symmetry
breaking theories of Csaki et al., with Standard Model gauge fields living in
the bulk.


title:
Selective vulnerability to kainate-induced oxidative damage in different
  rat brain regions

abstract:
  Some markers of oxidative injury were measured in different rat brain areas
(hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala/piriform cortex
and cerebellum) after the systemic administration of an excitotoxic dose of
kainic acid (KA, 9 mg kg(-1) i.p.) at two different sampling times (24 and 48
h). Kainic acid was able to lower markedly (P < 0.05) the glutathione (GSH)
levels in hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala/piriform cortex (maximal
reduction at 24 h). In a similar way, lipid peroxidation, as assessed by
malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal levels, significantly increased (P < 0.05)
in hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala/piriform cortex mainly at 24 h after
KA. In addition, hippocampal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased
significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to basal levels by 24 h after KA
application. On the other hand, brain areas such as hypothalamus, striatum and
cerebral cortex seem to be less susceptible to KA excitotoxicity. According to
these findings, the pattern of oxidative injury induced by systemically
administered KA seems to be highly region-specific. Further, our results have
shown that a lower antioxidant status (GSH and SOD) seems not to play an
important role in the selective vulnerability of certain brain regions because
it correlates poorly with increases in markers of oxidative damage.


title:
Steady-state hydrodynamic instabilities of active liquid crystals:
  Hybrid lattice Boltzmann simulations

abstract:
  We report hybrid lattice Boltzmann (HLB) simulations of the hydrodynamics of
an active nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between confining walls with
various anchoring conditions. We confirm the existence of a transition between
a passive phase and an active phase, in which there is spontaneous flow in the
steady state. This transition is attained for sufficiently ``extensile'' rods,
in the case of flow-aligning liquid crystals, and for sufficiently
``contractile'' ones for flow-tumbling materials. In a quasi-1D geometry, deep
in the active phase of flow-aligning materials, our simulations give evidence
of hysteresis and history-dependent steady states, as well as of spontaneous
banded flow. Flow-tumbling materials, in contrast, re-arrange themselves so
that only the two boundary layers flow in steady state. Two-dimensional
simulations, with periodic boundary conditions, show additional instabilities,
with the spontaneous flow appearing as patterns made up of ``convection
rolls''. These results demonstrate a remarkable richness (including dependence
on anchoring conditions) in the steady-state phase behaviour of active
materials, even in the absence of external forcing; they have no counterpart
for passive nematics. Our HLB methodology, which combines lattice Boltzmann for
momentum transport with a finite difference scheme for the order parameter
dynamics, offers a robust and efficient method for probing the complex
hydrodynamic behaviour of active nematics.


title: Pulsar Radio Emission Cutoffs

abstract:
  The propagation of radio emission in pulsar magnetospheres is discussed. We
follow a kinematics model in order to derive dispersion relations for
electromagnetic oscillations and transversal waves, propagating in a cold
moving plasma. We have included relativistic corrections on the dispersion
properties, involved with the relativistic motion of the emitting plasma. The
occurrence of plasma instabilities is analyzed beside the conditions which
should be fulfilled in order to permit the wave propagation and conversion in
regions close to the cutoffs of the system. The existence of various
frequencies of resonance has been predicted and we are working out these
results in order to explain the low-frequency cutoffs observed in radio pulsar
spectra.


title: An evolved disk surrounding the massive main sequence star MWC 297?

abstract:
  We present the results of the interferometric observations of the
circumstellar disk surrounding MWC 297 in the continuum at 230 GHz (1.3 mm) and
in the (J=2-1) rotational transitions of $^{12}$CO,$^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O
using the Submillimeter Array. At a distance of 250 pc, MWC 297 is one of the
closest, young massive stars (M$_{\star}$ $\sim$10 M$_{\odot}$) to us. Compact
continuum emission is detected towards MWC 297 from which we estimate a disk
mass (gas+dust) of 0.07 M$_{\odot}$ and a disk radius of $\le$ 80 AU. Our
result demonstrates that circumstellar disks can survive around massive stars
well into their main sequence phase even after they have become optically
visible. Complementing our observations with the data compiled from the
literature, we find the submm dust opacity index $\beta$ to be between 0.1 and
0.3. If the emission is optically thin, the low value of $\beta$ indicates the
presence of relatively large grains in the disk, possibly because of grain
growth. We do not detect any CO emission associated with the continuum source.
We argue that the $^{13}$CO emission from the disk is likely optically thin, in
which case, we derive an upper limit to the gas mass which implies significant
depletion of molecular gas in the disk. The mass of this disk and the
evolutionary trends observed are similar to those found for intermediate mass
Herbig Ae stars and low mass T Tauri stars.


title:
The spectroscopic binary system Gl 375. I. Orbital parameters and
  chromospheric activity

abstract:
  We study the spectroscopic binary system Gl 375. We employ medium resolution
echelle spectra obtained at the 2.15 m telescope at the Argentinian observatory
CASLEO and photometric observations obtained from the ASAS database. We
separate the composite spectra into those corresponding to both components. The
separated spectra allow us to confirm that the spectral types of both
components are similar (dMe3.5) and to obtain precise measurements of the
orbital period (P = 1.87844 days), minimum masses (M_1 sin^3 i = 0.35 M_sun and
M_2 sin^3 i =0.33 M_sun) and other orbital parameters. The photometric
observations exhibit a sinusoidal variation with the same period as the orbital
period. We interpret this as signs of active regions carried along with
rotation in a tidally synchronized system, and study the evolution of the
amplitude of the modulation in longer timescales. Together with the mean
magnitude, the modulation exhibits a roughly cyclic variation with a period of
around 800 days. This periodicity is also found in the flux of the Ca II K
lines of both components, which seem to be in phase. The periodic changes in
the three observables are interpreted as a sign of a stellar activity cycle.
Both components appear to be in phase, which implies that they are magnetically
connected. The measured cycle of approximately 2.2 years (800 days) is
consistent with previous determinations of activity cycles in similar stars.


title: Advances in mass-loss predictions

abstract:
  We present the results of Monte Carlo mass-loss predictions for massive stars
covering a wide range of stellar parameters. We critically test our predictions
against a range of observed mass-loss rates -- in light of the recent
discussions on wind clumping. We also present a model to compute the
clumping-induced polarimetric variability of hot stars and we compare this with
observations of Luminous Blue Variables, for which polarimetric variability is
larger than for O and Wolf-Rayet stars. Luminous Blue Variables comprise an
ideal testbed for studies of wind clumping and wind geometry, as well as for
wind strength calculations, and we propose they may be direct supernova
progenitors.


title: On (Enriched) Left Bousfield Localization of Model Categories

abstract:
  I verify the existence of left Bousfield localizations and of enriched left
Bousfield localizations, and I prove a collection of useful technical results
characterizing certain fibrations of (enriched) left Bousfield localizations. I
also use such Bousfield localizations to construct a number of new model
categories, including models for the homotopy limit of right Quillen
presheaves, for Postnikov towers in model categories, and for presheaves valued
in a symmetric monoidal model category satisfying a homotopy-coherent descent
condition.


title: QCD sum rules analysis of the rare radiative Bc -> D*_s gamma decay

abstract:
  In this work, the radiative Bc -> D*_s gamma decay is investigated in the
framework of QCD sum rules. The transition form factors responsible for the
decay are calculated. The branching ratio for this decay is estimated to be
order of 10^-5 which can be measurable at LHC.


title:
Relativistic analysis of magnetoelectric crystals: extracting a new
  4-dimensional P odd and T odd pseudoscalar from Cr_2 O_3 data

abstract:
  Earlier, the linear magnetoelectric effect of chromium sesquioxide Cr_2 O_3
has been determined experimentally as a function of temperature. One measures
the electric field-induced magnetization on Cr_2 O_3 crystals or the magnetic
field-induced polarization. From the magnetoelectric moduli of Cr_2 O_3 we
extract a 4-dimensional relativistic invariant pseudoscalar \tilde\alpha. It is
temperature dependent and of the order of ~ 10^{-4} Y_0, with Y_0 as vacuum
admittance. We show that the new pseudoscalar \tilde\alpha is odd under parity
transformation and odd under time inversion. Moreover, \tilde\alpha is for Cr_2
O_3 what Tellegen's gyrator is for two port theory, the axion field for axion
electrodynamics, and the PEMC (perfect electromagnetic conductor) for
electrical engineering.


title: The causal ladder and the strength of K-causality. I

abstract:
  A unifying framework for the study of causal relations is presented. The
causal relations are regarded as subsets of M x M and the role of the
corresponding antisymmetry conditions in the construction of the causal ladder
is stressed. The causal hierarchy of spacetime is built from chronology up to
K-causality and new characterizations of the distinction and strong causality
properties are obtained. The closure of the causal future is not transitive, as
a consequence its repeated composition leads to an infinite causal subladder
between strong causality and K-causality - the A-causality subladder. A
spacetime example is given which proves that K-causality differs from infinite
A-causality.


title: Eduction and Economy -- An Analysis of Statistical Data

abstract:
  In this paper the correlation between education, research and macroeconomic
strength of countries at a global scale is analyzed on the basis of statistical
data published by the UNIDO and OECD. It uses sets of composite indicators
describing the economical performance and competitiveness as well as those
relevant for human development, education, knowledge and technology achievement
and correlates them. It turns out that for countries with a human development
index (HDI) below 0.7 the basic education and technology achievement indices
are the driving force for further development, whereas for the industrialized
countries the knowledge index as a composite education and communication index
has the strongest effect on the economic strength of a country as measured by
the gross domestic product.


title: Hadronic Resonances from Lattice QCD

abstract:
  The determination of the pattern of hadronic resonances as predicted by
Quantum Chromodynamics requires the use of non-perturbative techniques. Lattice
QCD has emerged as the dominant tool for such calculations, and has produced
many QCD predictions which can be directly compared to experiment. The concepts
underlying lattice QCD are outlined, methods for calculating excited states are
discussed, and results from an exploratory Nucleon and Delta baryon spectrum
study are presented.


title:
Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral atoms in an
  optical lattice

abstract:
  Ultra-cold atoms trapped by light, with their robust quantum coherence and
controllability, provide an attractive system for quantum information
processing and for simulation of complex problems in condensed matter physics.
Many quantum information processing schemes require that individual qubits be
manipulated and deterministically entangled with one another, a process that
would typically be accomplished by controlled, state-dependent, coherent
interactions among qubits. Recent experiments have made progress toward this
goal by demonstrating entanglement among an ensemble of atoms confined in an
optical lattice. Until now, however, there has been no demonstration of a key
operation: controlled entanglement between atoms in isolated pairs. We have
used an optical lattice of double-well potentials to isolate and manipulate
arrays of paired atoms, inducing controlled entangling interactions within each
pair. Our experiment is the first realization of proposals to use controlled
exchange coupling in a system of neutral atoms. Although 87Rb atoms have nearly
state-independent interactions, when we force two atoms into the same physical
location, the wavefunction exchange symmetry of these identical bosons leads to
state-dependent dynamics. We observe repeated interchange of spin between atoms
occupying different vibrational levels, with a coherence time of more than ten
milliseconds. This observation represents the first demonstration of the
essential component of a quantum SWAP gate in neutral atoms. The "half
implementation" of SWAP, the sqrt(SWAP) gate, is entangling, and together with
single qubit rotations form a set of universal gates for quantum computation.


title: Multidimensional ultrametric pseudodifferential equations

abstract:
  We develop an analysis of wavelets and pseudodifferential operators on
multidimensional ultrametric spaces which are defined as products of locally
compact ultrametric spaces. We introduce bases of wavelets, spaces of
generalized functions and Lizorkin generalized functions on multidimensional
ultrametric spaces.
  We also consider some family of pseudodifferential operators on
multidimensional ultrametric spaces. The notions of Cauchy problem for
ultrametric pseudodifferential equations and of ultrametric characteristics are
introduced. A theorem about existence and uniqueness of the solution for the
Cauchy problem (the analogue of the Kovalevskaya theorem) is proven.


title:
Entropy Crisis, Defects and the Role of Competition in Monatomic Glass
  Formers

abstract:
  We establish the existence of an entropy crisis in monatomic glass formers.
The work finally shows that the entropy crisis is ubiqutous in all supercooled
liquids. We also study the roles of defects and energetic competition on the
ideal glass.


title: Repairing Inconsistent XML Write-Access Control Policies

abstract:
  XML access control policies involving updates may contain security flaws,
here called inconsistencies, in which a forbidden operation may be simulated by
performing a sequence of allowed operations. This paper investigates the
problem of deciding whether a policy is consistent, and if not, how its
inconsistencies can be repaired. We consider policies expressed in terms of
annotated DTDs defining which operations are allowed or denied for the XML
trees that are instances of the DTD. We show that consistency is decidable in
PTIME for such policies and that consistent partial policies can be extended to
unique "least-privilege" consistent total policies. We also consider repair
problems based on deleting privileges to restore consistency, show that finding
minimal repairs is NP-complete, and give heuristics for finding repairs.


title: Kinetics of Loop Formation in Polymer Chains

abstract:
  We investigate the kinetics of loop formation in flexible ideal polymer
chains (Rouse model), and polymers in good and poor solvents. We show for the
Rouse model, using a modification of the theory of Szabo, Schulten, and
Schulten, that the time scale for cyclization is $\tau_c\sim \tau_0 N^2$ (where
$\tau_0$ is a microscopic time scale and $N$ is the number of monomers),
provided the coupling between the relaxation dynamics of the end-to-end vector
and the looping dynamics is taken into account. The resulting analytic
expression fits the simulation results accurately when $a$, the capture radius
for contact formation, exceeds $b$, the average distance between two connected
beads. Simulations also show that, when $a < b$, $\tau_c\sim N^{\alpha_\tau}$,
where $1.5<{\alpha_\tau}\le 2$ in the range $7<N<200$ used in the simulations.
By using a diffusion coefficient that is dependent on the length scales $a$ and
$b$ (with $a<b$), which captures the two-stage mechanism by which looping
occurs when $a < b$, we obtain an analytic expression for $\tau_c$ that fits
the simulation results well. The kinetics of contact formation between the ends
of the chain are profoundly affected when interactions between monomers are
taken into account. Remarkably, for $N < 100$ the values of $\tau_c$ decrease
by more than two orders of magnitude when the solvent quality changes from good
to poor. Fits of the simulation data for $\tau_c$ to a power law in $N$
($\tau_c\sim N^{\alpha_\tau}$) show that $\alpha_\tau$ varies from about 2.4 in
a good solvent to about 1.0 in poor solvents. Loop formation in poor solvents,
in which the polymer adopts dense, compact globular conformations, occurs by a
reptation-like mechanism of the ends of the chain.


title:
Obstructions to Genericity in Study of Parametric Problems in Control
  Theory

abstract:
  We investigate systems of equations, involving parameters from the point of
view of both control theory and computer algebra. The equations might involve
linear operators such as partial (q-)differentiation, (q-)shift, (q-)difference
as well as more complicated ones, which act trivially on the parameters. Such a
system can be identified algebraically with a certain left module over a
non-commutative algebra, where the operators commute with the parameters. We
develop, implement and use in practice the algorithm for revealing all the
expressions in parameters, for which e.g. homological properties of a system
differ from the generic properties. We use Groebner bases and Groebner basics
in rings of solvable type as main tools. In particular, we demonstrate an
optimized algorithm for computing the left inverse of a matrix over a ring of
solvable type. We illustrate the article with interesting examples. In
particular, we provide a complete solution to the "two pendula, mounted on a
cart" problem from the classical book of Polderman and Willems, including the
case, where the friction at the joints is essential . To the best of our
knowledge, the latter example has not been solved before in a complete way.


title:
B-Meson Observables in the Maximally CP-Violating MSSM with Minimal
  Flavour Violation

abstract:
  Additional sources of CP violation in the MSSM may affect B-meson mixings and
decays, even in scenarios with minimal flavour violation (MFV). We formulate
the maximally CP-violating and minimally flavour-violating (MCPMFV) variant of
the MSSM, which has 19 parameters, including 6 phases that violate CP. We then
develop a manifestly flavour-covariant effective Lagrangian formalism for
calculating Higgs-mediated FCNC observables in the MSSM at large tan(beta), and
analyze within the MCPMFV framework FCNC and other processes involving B
mesons. We include a new class of dominant subleading contributions due to
non-decoupling effects of the third-generation quarks. We present illustrative
numerical results that include effects of the CP-odd MCPMFV parameters on Higgs
and sparticle masses, the B_s and B_d mass differences, and on the decays B_s
--> mu+ mu-, B_u --> tau nu and b --> s gamma. We use these results to derive
illustrative constraints on the MCPMFV parameters imposed by D0, CDF, BELLE and
BABAR measurements of B mesons, demonstrating how a potentially observable
contribution to the CP asymmetry in the b --> s gamma decay may arise in the
MSSM with MCPMFV.


title:
Evaluating the Signatures of the Mean Motion Resonances in the Solar
  System

abstract:
  The characteristics of the resonant disturbing function for an asteroid
perturbed by a planet in circular orbit are discussed. The location of the
libration centers and their dependence with the orbital elements of the
resonant orbit are analyzed. A proposed numerical method (Gallardo 2006a) for
computing the strengths of the resonances is revised and applied to the region
of the main belt of asteroids showing the relevance of several mean motion
resonances (MMR) with several planets.


title:
VLBA determination of the distance to nearby star-forming regions I. The
  distance to T Tauri with 0.4% accuracy

abstract:
  In this article, we present the results of a series of twelve 3.6-cm radio
continuum observations of T Tau Sb, one of the companions of the famous young
stellar object T Tauri. The data were collected roughly every two months
between September 2003 and July 2005 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA).
Thanks to the remarkably accurate astrometry delivered by the VLBA, the
absolute position of T Tau Sb could be measured with a precision typically
better than about 100 micro-arcseconds at each of the twelve observed epochs.
The trajectory of T Tau Sb on the plane of the sky could, therefore, be traced
very precisely, and modeled as the superposition of the trigonometric parallax
of the source and an accelerated proper motion. The best fit yields a distance
to T Tau Sb of 147.6 +/- 0.6 pc. The observed positions of T Tau Sb are in good
agreement with recent infrared measurements, but seem to favor a somewhat
longer orbital period than that recently reported by Duchene et al. (2006) for
the T Tau Sa/T Tau Sb system.


title:
Symmetries of quadratic forms classes and of quadratic surds continued
  fractions. Part II: Classification of the periods' palindromes

abstract:
  The continue fractions of quadratic surds are periodic, according to a
theorem by Lagrange. Their periods may have differing types of symmetries. This
work relates these types of symmetries to the symmetries of the classes of the
corresponding indefinite quadratic forms. This allows to classify the periods
of quadratic surds and at the same time to find, for an arbitrary indefinite
quadratic form, the symmetry type of its class and the number of integer
points, for that class, contained in each domain of the Poincare' model of the
de Sitter world, introduced in Part I. Moreover, we obtain the same information
for every class of forms representing zero, by the finite continue fraction
related to a special representative of that class. We will see finally the
relation between the reduction procedure for indefinite quadratic forms,
defined by the continued fractions, and the classical reduction theory, which
acquires a geometrical description by the results of Part I.


title:
Allosteric communication in Dihydrofolate Reductase: Signaling network
  and pathways for closed to occluded transition and back

abstract:
  E. Coli. dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) undergoes conformational transitions
between the closed (CS) and occluded (OS) states which, respectively, describe
whether the active site is closed or occluded by the Met20 loop. A
sequence-based approach is used to identify a network of residues that
represents the allostery wiring diagram. We also use a self-organized polymer
model to monitor the kinetics of the CS->OS and the reverse transitions. a
sliding motion of Met20 loop is observed. The residues that facilitate the
Met20 loop motion are part of the network of residues that transmit allosteric
signals during the CS->OS transition.