title: Across and beyond the cell are peptide strings

abstract:
  Until presently, most approaches for understanding physiological or
pathological phenomena have been based on the assumption that these processes
start from individual cells, a concept introduced primarily by Virchow in the
19th century. Yet, it has also been increasingly recognized that this
perception is insufficient, at least when it comes to grasping the mechanisms
underlying largely incurable diseases such as metastatic cancer or rheumatoid
arthritis. Despite this insight, even recently founded disciplines such as
systems biology are still locked in this century-old mind-set of cellular
building blocks and thus predictably of limited usefulness. Other studies
conducted over the past years, however, suggest that there is something more
fundamental to life and its various conditions than the cell: peptide strings.
Here, I review the origin and nature of these sub- and trans-cellular elements
as well as their potential to provide the long-sought answers hitherto
inaccessible to cell biology.


title: Implications of final state interactions in B-decays

abstract:
  I give a brief review of final state interactions (FSI) in heavy meson
decays, paying particular attention to B-meson physics. Available theoretical
methods for dealing with the effects of FSI are discussed.


title:
Ukrainian Synchronous Network of small Internet Telescopes as rapid
  action instrument for transient objects

abstract:
  UNIT (The Ukrainian synchronous Network of small Internet Telescopes) is a
system of automated telescopes that search for simultaneous optical activity of
transient objects associated with variable stars, small bodies of the Solar
system, Near-Earth objects (NEOs), gamma ray bursts, etc. Their instruments are
sensitive down to $M_{V} \approx 18$ and require an average of 60 seconds to
obtain the first images of the transient events after the alarm or GCN notice.
Telescopes of UNIT are equipped with fast CCD cameras to study astrophysics on
the timescales up to tens Hz. UNIT will be operating by the middle of 2008.


title:
Fractal dimension of domain walls in the Edwards-Anderson spin glass
  model

abstract:
  We study directly the length of the domain walls (DW) obtained by comparing
the ground states of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model subject to periodic
and antiperiodic boundary conditions. For the bimodal and Gaussian bond
distributions, we have isolated the DW and have calculated directly its fractal
dimension $d_f$. Our results show that, even though in three dimensions $d_f$
is the same for both distributions of bonds, this is clearly not the case for
two-dimensional (2D) systems. In addition, contrary to what happens in the case
of the 2D Edwards-Anderson spin glass with Gaussian distribution of bonds, we
find no evidence that the DW for the bimodal distribution of bonds can be
described as a Schramm-Loewner evolution processes.


title: Entropic Projections and Dominating Points

abstract:
  Generalized entropic projections and dominating points are solutions to
convex minimization problems related to conditional laws of large numbers. They
appear in many areas of applied mathematics such as statistical physics,
information theory, mathematical statistics, ill-posed inverse problems or
large deviation theory. By means of convex conjugate duality and functional
analysis, criteria are derived for their existence. Representations of the
generalized entropic projections are obtained: they are the ``measure
component" of some extended entropy minimization problem.


title: Magnetic Correlations at Graphene Edges

abstract:
  Magnetic zigzag edges of graphene are considered as a basis for novel
spintronics devices despite the fact that no true long-range magnetic order is
possible in one dimension. We study the transverse and longitudinal
fluctuations of magnetic moments at zigzag edges of graphene from first
principles. We find a high value for the spin wave stiffness $D$ = 2100 meV
\AA$^2$ and a spin-collinear domain wall creation energy $E_dw$ = 114 meV
accompanied by low magnetic anisotropy. Above the crossover temperature $T_x
\approx$10 K the spin correlation length $\xi \propto T^{-1}$ limits the
long-range magnetic order to ~1 nm at 300 K while below $T_x$ it grows
exponentially with decreasing temperature. We discuss possible ways of
increasing the range of magnetic order and effects of edge roughness on it.


title: Hall Conductivity in a Spin-Triplet Superconductor

abstract:
  We calculate the Hall conductivity for a spin-triplet superconductor, using a
generalized pairing symmetry dependent on an arbitrary phase, $\vphi$. A
promising candidate for such an order parameter is Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$, whose
superconducting order parameter symmetry is still subject to investigation. The
value of this phase can be determined through Kerr rotation and DC Hall
conductivity measurements. Our calculations impose significant constraints on
$\vphi$.


title:
Hierarchies from D-brane instantons in globally defined Calabi-Yau
  Orientifolds

abstract:
  We construct the first globally consistent semi-realistic Type I string vacua
on an elliptically fibered manifold where the zero modes of the Euclidean
D1-instanton sector allow for the generation of non-perturbative Majorana
masses of an intermediate scale. In another class of global models, a D1-brane
instanton can generate a Polonyi-type superpotential breaking supersymmetry at
an exponentially suppressed scale.


title: The Cooper Pair Pump as a Quantized Current Source

abstract:
  A new charge quantization in a phase-polarized Cooper Pair Pump (CPP) is
proposed, based on the topological properties of its Hamiltonian ground state
over a three-dimensional parameter space $\mathbb{P}$. The charge is quantized
using a set of path in $\mathbb{P}$ covering the surface of a torus, and is a
multiple of the integer Chern index $c_1$ of this surface. This quantization is
asymptotic but the pumped charge converges rapidly to the quantized value with
the increase in the path frequency. The topological nature of the current makes
this CPP implementation an excellent candidate for a metrological current
standard.


title:
High-Redshift QSOs in the SWIRE Survey and the z~3 QSO Luminosity
  Function

abstract:
  We use a simple optical/infrared (IR) photometric selection of high-redshift
QSOs that identifies a Lyman Break in the optical photometry and requires a red
IR color to distinguish QSOs from common interlopers. The search yields 100 z~3
(U-dropout) QSO candidates with 19<r'<22 over 11.7 deg^2 in the ELAIS-N1 (EN1)
and ELAIS-N2 (EN2) fields of the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic
(SWIRE) Legacy Survey. The z~3 selection is reliable, with spectroscopic
follow-up of 10 candidates confirming they are all QSOs at 2.83<z<3.44. We find
that our z~4$ (g'-dropout) sample suffers from both unreliability and
incompleteness but present 7 previously unidentified QSOs at 3.50<z<3.89.
Detailed simulations show our z~3 completeness to be ~80-90% from 3.0<z<3.5,
significantly better than the ~30-80% completeness of the SDSS at these
redshifts. The resulting luminosity function extends two magnitudes fainter
than SDSS and has a faint end slope of beta=-1.42 +- 0.15, consistent with
values measured at lower redshift. Therefore, we see no evidence for evolution
of the faint end slope of the QSO luminosity function. Including the SDSS QSO
sample, we have now directly measured the space density of QSOs responsible for
~70% of the QSO UV luminosity density at z~3. We derive a maximum rate of HI
photoionization from QSOs at z~3.2, Gamma = 4.8x10^-13 s^-1, about half of the
total rate inferred through studies of the Ly-alpha forest. Therefore,
star-forming galaxies and QSOs must contribute comparably to the
photoionization of HI in the intergalactic medium at z~3.


title: Vortex Fluid State below an Onset Temperature T_0 of Solid 4He

abstract:
  Detailed studies of AC velocity Vac and temperature dependence of torsional
oscillator responses of solid 4He are reported. A characteristic onset
temperature T0 about 0.5 K is found, below which a significant Vac dependent
change occurs in the energy dissipation for the sample at 32 bar. A Vac
dependence of the non-classical rotational inertia fraction, NCRIF also appears
below about T0. This value of T0 excludes the possible explanation of
supersolid by liquid superfluidity in grain boundaries or other liquid related
origins. The log(Vac) linear dependence was found in NCRIF. Furthermore, this
linear slope changes in proportion to 1/T 2 for 40 < Vac < 400 micro-m/s, then
crosses over to about 1/T for larger Vac. We discuss properties of the vortex
fluid state proposed by Anderson above Tc, below T0.


title:
Draping of Cluster Magnetic Fields over Bullets and Bubbles --
  Morphology and Dynamic Effects

abstract:
  High-resolution X-ray observations have revealed cavities and `cold fronts'
with sharp edges in temperature, density, and metallicity within galaxy
clusters. Their presence poses a puzzle since these features are not expected
to be hydrodynamically stable, or to remain sharp in the presence of diffusion.
However, a moving core or bubble in even a very weakly magnetized plasma
necessarily sweeps up enough magnetic field to build up a dynamically important
sheath around the object; the layer's strength is set by a competition between
`plowing up' of field and field lines slipping around the core. We show that a
two-dimensional approach to the problem is quite generally not possible. In
three dimensions, we show with analytic arguments and in numerical experiments,
that this magnetic layer modifies the dynamics of a plunging core, greatly
modifies the effects of hydrodynamic instabilities on the core, modifies the
geometry of stripped material, and even slows the fall of the core through
magnetic tension. We derive an expression for the maximum magnetic field
strength, the thickness of the layer, and the opening angle of the magnetic
wake. The morphology of the magnetic draping layer implies the suppression of
thermal conduction across the layer, thus conserving strong temperature
gradients over the contact surface. The intermittent amplification of the
magnetic field as well as the injection of MHD turbulence in the wake of the
core is identified to be due to vorticity generation within the magnetic
draping layer. These results have important consequences for understanding the
physical properties and the complex gasdynamical processes of the intra-cluster
medium, and apply quite generally to motions through other magnetized
environments, e.g., the ISM.


title:
Magnetism and d-wave superconductivity on the half-filled square lattice
  with frustration

abstract:
  The role of frustration and interaction strength on the half-filled Hubbard
model is studied on the square lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbour
hoppings t and t' using the Variational Cluster Approximation (VCA). At
half-filling, we find two phases with long-range antiferromagnetic (AF) order:
the usual Neel phase, stable at small frustration t'/t, and the so-called
collinear (or super-antiferromagnet) phase with ordering wave-vector $(\pi,0)$
or $(0,\pi)$, stable for large frustration. These are separated by a phase with
no detectable long-range magnetic order. We also find the d-wave
superconducting (SC) phase ($d_{x^2-y^2}$), which is favoured by frustration if
it is not too large. Intriguingly, there is a broad region of coexistence where
both AF and SC order parameters have non-zero values. In addition, the physics
of the metal-insulator transition in the normal state is analyzed. The results
obtained with the help of the VCA method are compared with the large-U
expansion of the Hubbard model and known results for the frustrated J1-J2
Heisenberg model. These results are relevant for pressure studies of undoped
parents of the high-temperature superconductors: we predict that an insulator
to d-wave SC transition may appear under pressure.


title: An Evolving Entropy Floor in the Intracluster Gas?

abstract:
  Non-gravitational processes, such as feedback from galaxies and their active
nuclei, are believed to have injected excess entropy into the intracluster gas,
and therefore to have modified the density profiles in galaxy clusters during
their formation. Here we study a simple model for this so-called preheating
scenario, and ask (i) whether it can simultaneously explain both global X-ray
scaling relations and number counts of galaxy clusters, and (ii) whether the
amount of entropy required evolves with redshift. We adopt a baseline entropy
profile that fits recent hydrodynamic simulations, modify the hydrostatic
equilibrium condition for the gas by including approx. 20% non-thermal pressure
support, and add an entropy floor K_0 that is allowed to vary with redshift. We
find that the observed luminosity-temperature (L-T) relations of low-redshift
(z=0.05) HIFLUGCS clusters and high-redshift (z=0.8) WARPS clusters are best
simultaneously reproduced with an evolving entropy floor of
K_0(z)=341(1+z)^{-0.83}h^{-1/3} keV cm^2. If we restrict our analysis to the
subset of bright (kT > 3 keV) clusters, we find that the evolving entropy floor
can mimic a self-similar evolution in the L-T scaling relation. This degeneracy
with self-similar evolution is, however, broken when (0.5 < kT < 3 keV)
clusters are also included. The approx. 60% entropy increase we find from z=0.8
to z=0.05 is roughly consistent with that expected if the heating is provided
by the evolving global quasar population. Using the cosmological parameters
from the WMAP 3-year data with sigma_8=0.76, our best-fit model underpredicts
the number counts of the X-ray galaxy clusters compared to those derived from
the 158 deg^2 ROSAT PSPC survey. Treating sigma_8 as a free parameter, we find
a best-fit value of sigma_8=0.80+/- 0.02.


title:
Analysis of bimodality in histograms formed from GALLEX and GNO solar
  neutrino data

abstract:
  A histogram display of the solar neutrino capture-rate measurements made by
the GALLEX experiment appears to be bimodal, but that of the follow-on GNO
experiment does not. To assess the significance of these results, we introduce
a "bimodality index" based on the probability-transform procedure. This
confirms that the GALLEX measurements are indeed bimodal (at the 99.98 percent
confidence level), and that the GNO measurements are not. Tracking the
bimodality index as a function of time shows that the strongest contribution to
bimodality comes from runs 42 to 62, i.e. from the time interval 1995.1 to
1996.9. The bimodality index for the first half (runs 1 through 33) is 2.56,
whereas that for the second half (runs 33 through 65) is 7.05. Power-spectrum
analysis shows a similar distinction: the peaks in the power spectrum formed
from the second half are stronger than those in the power spectrum formed from
the first half, suggesting that bimodality and rotational modulation are
related.


title: Classification of quantum channels of information transfer

abstract:
  Classification of states of quantum channels of information transfer is built
on the basis of unreducible representations of qubit state space group of
symmetry and properties of density matrix spectrum. It is shown that pure
disentangled states form two-dimensional surface, and the reason of state
disentanglement is in degeneration of non-zero density matrix eigenvalues


title: Observation of Berry's Phase in a Solid State Qubit

abstract:
  In quantum information science, the phase of a wavefunction plays an
important role in encoding information. While most experiments in this field
rely on dynamic effects to manipulate this information, an alternative approach
is to use geometric phase, which has been argued to have potential fault
tolerance. We demonstrate the controlled accumulation of a geometric phase,
Berry's phase, in a superconducting qubit, manipulating the qubit geometrically
using microwave radiation, and observing the accumulated phase in an
interference experiment. We find excellent agreement with Berry's predictions,
and also observe a geometry dependent contribution to dephasing.


title: Euclidean and hyperbolic lenghs of images of arcs

abstract:
  Let $f$ be a function that is analytic in the unit disc. We give new
estimates, and new proofs of existing estimates, of the Euclidean length of the
image under $f$ of a radial segment in the unit disc. Our methods are based on
the hyperbolic geometry of plane domains, and we address some new questions
that follow naturally from this approach.


title: The Vacuum and the Cosmological Constant Problem

abstract:
  It will be argued here that the cosmological constant problem exists because
of the way the vacuum is defined in quantum field theory. It has been known for
some time that for QFT to be gauge invariant certain terms--such as part of the
vacuum polarization tensor--must be eliminated either explicitly or by some
form of regularization followed by renormalization. It has recently been shown
that lack of gauge invariance is a result of the way the vacuum is defined, and
redefining the vacuum so that the theory is gauge invariant may also offer a
solution to the cosmological constant problem.


title:
Deep inelastic scattering from gauge string duality in the soft wall
  model

abstract:
  Deep inelastic structure functions have been calculated by Polchinski and
Strassler in gauge/string duality introducing a hard infrared (IR) cut off in
AdS space. Here we investigate this problem using a soft IR cut off that leads
to linear Regge trajectories for mesons. We calculate the structure functions
for scalar particles in the large x regime where supergravity approximation
holds and the small x regime where massive string states contribute. We also
propose a hybrid model to calculate structure functions for fermions in the
supergravity approximation. In the deep inelastic limit our results are in
agreement with those obtained using a hard cut off.


title: Microtesla MRI of the human brain combined with MEG

abstract:
  One of the challenges in functional brain imaging is integration of
complementary imaging modalities, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MEG, which uses highly sensitive
superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to directly measure
magnetic fields of neuronal currents, cannot be combined with conventional
high-field MRI in a single instrument. Indirect matching of MEG and MRI data
leads to significant co-registration errors. A recently proposed imaging method
- SQUID-based microtesla MRI - can be naturally combined with MEG in the same
system to directly provide structural maps for MEG-localized sources. It
enables easy and accurate integration of MEG and MRI/fMRI, because microtesla
MR images can be precisely matched to structural images provided by high-field
MRI and other techniques. Here we report the first images of the human brain by
microtesla MRI, together with auditory MEG (functional) data, recorded using
the same seven-channel SQUID system during the same imaging session. The images
were acquired at 46 microtesla measurement field with pre-polarization at 30
mT. We also estimated transverse relaxation times for different tissues at
microtesla fields. Our results demonstrate feasibility and potential of human
brain imaging by microtesla MRI. They also show that two new types of imaging
equipment - low-cost systems for anatomical MRI of the human brain at
microtesla fields, and more advanced instruments for combined functional (MEG)
and structural (microtesla MRI) brain imaging - are practical.


title: Least Squares Importance Sampling for Libor Market Models

abstract:
  A recently introduced Importance Sampling strategy based on a least squares
optimization is applied to the Monte Carlo simulation of Libor Market Models.
Such Least Squares Importance Sampling (LSIS) allows the automatic optimization
of the sampling distribution within a trial class by means of a quick
presimulation algorithm of straightforward implementation. With several
numerical examples we show that LSIS can be extremely effective in reducing the
variance of Monte Carlo estimators often resulting, especially when combined
with stratified sampling, in computational speed-ups of orders of magnitude.


title: Remarks on weakly pseudoconvex boundaries: Erratum

abstract:
  We make two tiny corrections to our previous paper with the same title, and
also obtain, as a bonus, something new.


title: Remarks on weakly pseudoconvex boundaries

abstract:
  In this paper, we consider the boundary M of a weakly pseudoconvex domain in
a Stein manifold. We point out a striking difference between the local
cohomology and the global cohomology of M, and illustrate this with an example.
We also discuss the first and second Cousin problems, and the strong Poincare
problem for CR meromorphic functions on the weakly pseudoconvex boundary M.


title: Dynamics of Phantom Matter

abstract:
  A spherically symmetric evolution model of self-gravitating matter with the
equation of state P=wE (where w=const<-1) is considered. The equations of the
model are written in the frame of reference comoving with matter. A criterion
for the existence and formation of a horizon is defined. Part of the Einstein
equations is integrated analytically. The initial conditions and the
constraints imposed on these conditions in the presence of a horizon are
determined. For small |1+w| an analytic solution to spherically symmetric
time-dependent Einstein equations is obtained. Conditions are determined under
which the dynamics of matter changes from collapse to expansion. Characteristic
times of the evolution of the system are evaluated. It is proved that the
accretion of phantom matter (for w<-1) onto a black hole leads to the decreases
of the horizon radius of the black hole (i.e., the black hole is "dissolved").


title: The Poincare lemma and local embeddability

abstract:
  For pseudoconvex abstract CR manifolds, the validity of the Poincare Lemma
for (0,1) forms implies local embeddability in C^N. The two properties are
equivalent for hypersurfaces of real dimension > or = 5. As a corollary we
obtain a criterion for the non validity of the Poicare Lemma for (0,1) forms
for a large class of abstract CR manifolds of CR codimension larger than one.


title:
Effect of charge distribution on the translocation of an inhomogeneously
  charged polymer through a nanopore

abstract:
  We investigate the voltage-driven translocation of an inhomogeneously charged
polymer through a nanopore by utilizing discrete and continuous stochastic
models. As a simplified illustration of the effect of charge distribution on
translocation, we consider the translocation of a polymer with a single charged
site in the presence and absence of interactions between the charge and the
pore. We find that the position of the charge that minimizes the translocation
time in the absence of pore--polymer interactions is determined by the entropic
cost of translocation, with the optimum charge position being at the midpoint
of the chain for a rodlike polymer and close to the leading chain end for an
ideal chain. The presence of attractive or repulsive pore--charge interactions
yields a shift in the optimum charge position towards the trailing end and the
leading end of the chain, respectively. Moreover, our results show that strong
attractive or repulsive interactions between the charge and the pore lengthen
the translocation time relative to translocation through an inert pore. We
generalize our results to accommodate the presence of multiple charged sites on
the polymer. Our results provide insight into the effect of charge
inhomogeneity on protein translocation through biological membranes.


title: Obstructions to generic embeddings

abstract:
  In Grauert's paper [G] it is noted that finite dimensionality of cohomology
groups sometimes implies vanishing of these cohomomogy groups. Later on Laufer
formulated a zero or infinity law for the cohomology groups of domains in Stein
manifolds. In this paper we generalize Laufer's Theorem in [L] and its version
for small domains of CR manifolds, proved in [Br], by considering Whitney
cohomology on locally closed subsets and cohomology with supports for currents.
With this approach we obtain a global result for CR manifolds generically
embedded in a Stein manifold. Namely a necessary condition for global embedding
into an open subset of a Stein manifold is that the de-bar-M-cohomology groups
must be either zero or infinite dimensional.


title:
The Effect of the ISM Model on Star Formation Properties in Galactic
  Discs

abstract:
  Modelling global disc galaxies is a difficult task which has previously
resulted in the small scale physics of the interstellar medium being greatly
simplified. In this talk, I compare simulations of galaxies with different ISM
properties to determine the importance of the ISM structure in the star
formation properties of the disc.


title: An Ammonia Spectral Atlas of Dense Cores in Perseus

abstract:
  We present ammonia observations of 193 dense cores and core candidates in the
Perseus molecular cloud made using the Robert F. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. We
simultaneously observed the NH3(1,1), NH3(2,2), CCS (2_1 -> 1_0) and CC34S (2_1
-> 1_0) transitions near 23 GHz for each of the targets with a spectral
resolution of dv ~ 0.024 km/s. We find ammonia emission associated with nearly
all of the (sub)millimeter sources as well as at several positions with no
associated continuum emission. For each detection, we have measured physical
properties by fitting a simple model to every spectral line simultaneously.
Where appropriate, we have refined the model by accounting for low optical
depths, multiple components along the line of sight and imperfect coupling to
the GBT beam. For the cores in Perseus, we find a typical kinetic temperature
of T=11 K, a typical column density of N(NH3)~ 10^14.5 /cm^2 and velocity
dispersions ranging from sigma_v = 0.07 km/s to 0.7 km/s. However, many cores
with velocity dispersions > 0.2 km/s show evidence for multiple velocity
components along the line of sight.


title:
Discovering the Higgs Bosons of Minimal Supersymmetry with Tau Leptons
  and a Bottom Quark

abstract:
  We investigate the prospects for the discovery at the CERN Large Hadron
Collider or at the Fermilab Tevatron of neutral Higgs bosons through the
channel where the Higgs are produced together with a single bottom quark and
the Higgs decays into a pair of tau leptons, $bg \to b\phi^0 \to b\tau^+\tau^-,
\phi^0 = h^0, H^0, A^0$. We work within the framework of the minimal
supersymmetric model. The dominant physics background from the production of
$b\tau^+\tau^-$, $j\tau^+\tau^-$ ($j = g, u, d, s, c$), $b\bar{b}W^+W^-$,
$W+2j$ and $Wbj$ is calculated with realistic acceptance cuts and efficiencies.
Promising results are found for the CP-odd pseudoscalar ($A^0$) and the heavier
CP-even scalar ($H^0$) Higgs bosons with masses up to one TeV.


title:
Laserless trapped-ion quantum simulations without spontaneous scattering
  using microtrap arrays

abstract:
  We propose an architecture and methodology for large-scale quantum
simulations using hyperfine states of trapped-ions in an arbitrary-layout
microtrap array with laserless interactions. An ion is trapped at each site,
and the electrode structure provides for the application of single and pairwise
evolution operators using only locally created microwave and radio-frequency
fields. The avoidance of short-lived atomic levels during evolution effectively
eliminates errors due to spontaneous scattering; this may allow scaling of
quantum simulators based on trapped ions to much larger systems than currently
estimated. Such a configuration may also be particularly appropriate for
one-way quantum computing with trapped-ion cluster states.


title: Noncommutative Spacetime and Emergent Gravity

abstract:
  We argue that a field theory defined on noncommutative (NC) spacetime should
be regarded as a theory of gravity, which we refer to as the emergent gravity.
A whole point of the emergent gravity is essentially originated from the basic
property: A NC spacetime is a (NC) phase space. This fact leads to two
important consequences: (I) A NC field theory can basically be identified with
a matrix model or a large N field theory where NC fields can be regarded as
master fields of large N matrices. (II) NC fields essentially define vector
(tetrad) fields. So they define a gravitational metric of some manifold as an
emergent geometry from NC gauge fields. Of course, the pictures (I) and (II)
should refer to the same physics, which should be familiar with the large N
duality in string theory. The 1/N corrections in the picture (I) correspond to
the derivative corrections in terms of the noncommutativity \theta for the
picture (II).


title:
Multiply Connected Topological Economics, Confidence Relation and
  Political Economy

abstract:
  Using the similar formulas of the preference relation and the utility
function, we propose the confidence relations and the corresponding influence
functions that represent various interacting strengths of different families,
cliques and systems of organization. Since they can affect products, profit and
prices, etc., in an economic system, and are usually independent of economic
results, therefore, the system can produce a multiply connected topological
economics. If the political economy is an economy chaperoned polity, it will
produce consequentially a binary economy. When the changes of the product and
the influence are independent one another, they may be a node or saddle point.
When the influence function large enough achieves a certain threshold value, it
will form a wormhole with loss of capital. Various powers produce usually the
economic wormhole and various corruptions.


title: Euclidean Correlation Functions in a Holographic Model of QCD

abstract:
  We compute euclidean coordinate space correlation functions in a holographic
model of QCD. We concentrate, in particular, on channels that are related to
the U(1)_A problem, the flavor-singlet axialvector, pseudoscalar meson, and
pseudoscalar glueball (topological charge) correlator. We find that even a very
simple holographic model defined on a slice of AdS_5 provides a qualitatively
correct description of QCD correlation functions. We study the role of anomaly
terms, and show that both euclidean positivity and low energy theorems based on
the axial anomaly relation are correctly implemented. We compare the results
with expectations from an instanton model of the QCD vacuum.


title: Zero-rate feedback can achieve the empirical capacity

abstract:
  The utility of limited feedback for coding over an individual sequence of
DMCs is investigated. This study complements recent results showing how limited
or noisy feedback can boost the reliability of communication. A strategy with
fixed input distribution $P$ is given that asymptotically achieves rates
arbitrarily close to the mutual information induced by $P$ and the
state-averaged channel. When the capacity achieving input distribution is the
same over all channel states, this achieves rates at least as large as the
capacity of the state averaged channel, sometimes called the empirical
capacity.


title:
The Evolutionary History of Galactic Bulges: Photometric and
  Spectroscopic Studies of Distant Spheroids in the GOODS Fields

abstract:
  We report on the first results of a new study aimed at understanding the
diversity and evolutionary history of distant galactic bulges in the context of
now well-established trends for pure spheroidal galaxies. To this end, bulges
have been isolated for a sample of 137 spiral galaxies within the redshift
range 0.1<z<1.2 in the GOODS fields. Using proven photometric techniques we
determine the characteristic parameters (size, surface brightness, profile
shape) of both the disk and bulge components in our sample. In agreement with
earlier work which utilized aperture colors, distant bulges show a broader
range of optical colors than would be the case for passively-evolving
populations. To quantify the amount of recent star formation necessary to
explain this result, we used the DEIMOS spectrograph to secure stellar velocity
dispersions for a sizeable fraction of our sample. This has enabled us to
compare the Fundamental Plane of our distant bulges with that for spheroidal
galaxies in a similar redshift range. Bulges of spiral galaxies with a
bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T)>0.2 show very similar patterns of
evolution to those seen for pure spheroidals such that the stellar populations
of all spheroids with M>10^{11}Msun are homogeneously old, consistent with a
single major burst of star formation at high redshift (z_f<~2), while bulges
with M<10^{11}Msun must have had more recent stellar mass growth (~10% in mass
since z~1). Although further data spanning a wider range of redshift and mass
is desirable, the striking similarity between the assembly histories of bulges
and low mass spheroidals is difficult to reconcile with the picture whereby the
majority of large bulges form primarily via secular processes within spiral
galaxies.


title:
Superspecial Abelian Varieties and the Eichler Basis Problem for Hilbert
  Modular Forms

abstract:
  Let $p$ be an unramified prime in a totally real field $L$ such that
$h^+(L)=1$. Our main result shows that Hilbert modular newforms of parallel
weight two for $\Gamma_0(p)$ can be constructed naturally, via classical theta
series, from modules of isogenies of superspecial abelian varieties with real
multiplication on a Hilbert moduli space. This can be viewed as a geometric
reinterpretation of the Eichler Basis Problem for Hilbert modular forms.


title: Slow Divergence and Unique Ergodicity

abstract:
  Masur showed that a Teichmuller geodesic that is recurrent in the moduli
space of closed Riemann surfaces is necessarily determined by a quadratic
differential with a uniquely ergodic vertical foliation. In this paper, we show
that a divergent Teichmuller geodesic satisfying a certain slow rate of
divergence is also necessarily determined by a quadratic differential with
unique ergodic vertical foliation. As an application, we sketch a proof of a
complete characterization of the set of nonergodic directions in any double
cover of the flat torus branched over two points.


title:
Evidence for the intrinsic ferromagnetism of semiconductor (Ga,Cr)As
  revealed by magnetic circular dichroism

abstract:
  To clarify whether or not (Ga,Cr)As is an intrinsic diluted magnetic
semiconductor, a systematic study of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) was
carried out for a series of (Ga,Cr)As epilayers grown by the low-temperature
molecular-beam epitaxy technique. The present work provides unambiguous
evidence for the intrinsic ferromagnetism of the (Ga,Cr)As epilayers with all
the necessary properties in accordance with that of a diluted magnetic
semiconductor, especially the hysteresis characteristics, which is opened up in
the magnetic field dependence of MCD.


title: Where are the missing gamma ray burst redshifts?

abstract:
  In the redshift range z = 0-1, the gamma ray burst (GRB) redshift
distribution should increase rapidly because of increasing differential volume
sizes and strong evolution in the star formation rate. This feature is not
observed in the Swift redshift distribution and to account for this
discrepancy, a dominant bias, independent of the Swift sensitivity, is
required. Furthermore, despite rapid localization, about 40-50% of Swift and
pre-Swift GRBs do not have a measured redshift. We employ a heuristic technique
to extract this redshift bias using 66 GRBs localized by Swift with redshifts
determined from absorption or emission spectroscopy. For the Swift and
HETE+BeppoSAX redshift distributions, the best model fit to the bias in z < 1
implies that if GRB rate evolution follows the SFR, the bias cancels this rate
increase. We find that the same bias is affecting both Swift and HETE+BeppoSAX
measurements similarly in z < 1. Using a bias model constrained at a 98% KS
probability, we find that 72% of GRBs in z < 2 will not have measurable
redshifts and about 55% in z > 2. To achieve this high KS probability requires
increasing the GRB rate density in small z compared to the high-z rate. This
provides further evidence for a low-luminosity population of GRBs that are
observed in only a small volume because of their faintness.


title: New instability in relativistic cylindrically symmetric system

abstract:
  We investigate an infinitesimally thin cylindrical shell composed of
counter-rotating dust particles. This system was studied by Apostolatos and
Thorne in terms of the C-energy for a bounded domain. In this paper, we
reanalyze this system by evaluating the C-energy on the future null infinity.
We find that some class of momentarily static and radiation-free initial data
does not settle down into static, equilibrium configurations, and otherwise
infinite amount of the gravitational radiation is emitted to the future null
infinity. Our result implies the existence of an instability in this system. In
the framework of the Newtonian gravity, a cylindrical shell composed of
counter-rotating dust particles can be in a steady state with oscillation by
the gravitational attraction and centrifugal repulsion, and hence a static
state is not necessarily realized as a final state. By contrast, in the
framework of general relativity, the steady oscillating state will be
impossible since the gravitational radiation will carry the energy of the
oscillation to infinity. Thus, this instability has no counterpart in the
Newtonian gravity.


title:
The Hubbard model on the triangular lattice: Spiral order and spin
  liquid

abstract:
  We investigate the half-filled Hubbard model on an isotropic triangular
lattice with the variational cluster approximation. By decreasing the on-site
repulsion $U$ (or equivalently increasing pressure) we go from a phase with
long range, three-sublattice, spiral magnetic order, to a non-magnetic Mott
insulating phase -- a spin liquid -- and then, for $U\lesssim6.7t$, to a
metallic phase. Clusters of sizes 3, 6 and 15 with open boundary conditions are
used in these calculations, and an extrapolation to infinite size is argued to
lead to a disordered phase at $U=8t$, but to a spiral order at $U\gtrsim 12$.


title: High precision study of B*B pi coupling in unquenched QCD

abstract:
  The B* B pi coupling is a fundamental parameter of chiral effective
Lagrangian with heavy-light mesons and can constrain the B->pi l nu form factor
in the soft pion limit which will be useful for precise determination of |Vub|.
We compute the B* B pi coupling with the static heavy quark and the
O(a)-improved Wilson light quark. Simulations are carried out with n_f=2
unquenched 12^3x24 lattices at beta=1.80 generated by CP-PACS collaboration.
Following the quenched study by Negishi et al., we employ the all-to-all
propagator with 200 low eigenmodes as well as HYP smeared link to improve the
statistical accuracy.


title:
Steady State Thermodynamics for Heat Conduction -- Microscopic
  Derivation

abstract:
  Starting from microscopic mechanics, we derive thermodynamic relations for
heat conducting nonequilibrium steady states. The extended Clausius relation
enables one to experimentally determine nonequilibrium entropy to the second
order in the heat current. The associated Shannon-like microscopic expression
of the entropy is suggestive. When the heat current is fixed, the extended
Gibbs relation provides a unified treatment of thermodynamic forces in linear
nonequilibrium regime.


title: The Source of Ionization along the Magellanic Stream

abstract:
  Since its discovery in 1996, the source of the bright H-alpha emission (up to
750 mR) along the Magellanic Stream has remained a mystery. There is no
evidence of ionising stars within the HI stream, and the extended hot halo is
far too tenuous to drive strong shocks into the clouds. We now present a
hydrodynamical model that explains the known properties of the H-alpha emission
and provides new insights on the lifetime of the Stream clouds. The upstream
clouds are gradually disrupted due to their interaction with the hot halo gas.
The clouds that follow plough into gas ablated from the upstream clouds,
leading to shock ionisation at the leading edges of the downstream clouds.
Since the following clouds also experience ablation, and weaker H-alpha
(100-200 mR) is quite extensive, a disruptive cascade must be operating along
much of the Stream. In our model, the clouds are evolving on timescales of
100-200 Myr, such that the Stream must be replenished by the Magellanic Clouds
at a fairly constant rate. The ablated material falls onto the Galaxy as a warm
drizzle which suggests that diffuse ionized gas at 10**4 K may be an important
constituent of galactic accretion. The observed HI emission provides a new
constraint on the rate of disruption of the Stream and, consequently, the
infall rate of metal-poor gas onto the Galaxy. When the ionized component of
the Stream is fully accounted for, the rate of gas accretion is 0.4 Msun/yr,
roughly twice the rate deduced from HI observations alone.


title:
The link between chemical anomalies along the red giant branch and the
  horizontal branch extension in globular clusters

abstract:
  We find a strong correlation between the extension of the Na-O
anticorrelation observed in red giant branch (RGB) stars and the high
temperature extension of the horizontal branch (HB) blue tails of Galactic
globular clusters (GCs). The longer is the O-depleted tail of the Na-O
anticorrelation observed in the RGB stars, the higher is the maximum
temperature reached by the bluest HB stars in the GC. This result provides a
clear, empirical evidence of a link between the extension of the HB and the
presence of star-to-star abundance variations of proton-capture elements in GC
stars. We discuss the possible interpretation of this correlation.


title:
The enigma of GCIRS 3 - Constraining the properties of the mid-infrared
  reference star of the central parsec of the Milky Way with optical long
  baseline interferometry

abstract:
  GCIRS3 is the most prominent MIR source in the central pc of the Galaxy. NIR
spectroscopy failed to solve the enigma of its nature. The properties of
extreme individual objects of the central stellar cluster contribute to our
knowledge of star and dust formation close to a supermassive black hole. We
initiated an interferometric experiment to understand IRS3 and investigate its
properties as spectroscopic and interferometric reference star at 10um. VISIR
imaging separates a compact source from diffuse, surrounding emission. The
VLTI/MIDI instrument was used to measure visibilities at 10mas resolution of
that compact 10um source, still unresolved by a single VLT. Photometry data
were added to enable simple SED- and full radiative transfer-models of the
data. The luminosity and size estimates show that IRS3 is probably a cool
carbon star enshrouded by a complex dust distribution. Dust temperatures were
derived. The coinciding interpretation of multiple datasets confirm dust
emission at several spatial scales. The IF data resolve the innermost area of
dust formation. Despite observed deep silicate absorption towards IRS3 we favor
a carbon rich chemistry of the circumstellar dust shell. The silicate
absorption most probably takes place in the outer diffuse dust, which is mostly
ignored by MIDI measurements. This indicates physically and chemically distinct
conditions of the local dust, changing with the distance to IRS3. We have
demonstrated that optical long baseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths
is an indispensable tool to investigate sources at the Galactic Center. Our
findings suggest further studies of the composition of interstellar dust and
the shape of the 10um silicate feature at this outstanding region.


title:
Tail effects in the third post-Newtonian gravitational wave energy flux
  of compact binaries in quasi-elliptical orbits

abstract:
  The far-zone flux of energy contains hereditary (tail) contributions that
depend on the entire past history of the source. Using the multipolar
post-Minkowskian wave generation formalism, we propose and implement a
semi-analytical method in the frequency domain to compute these contributions
from the inspiral phase of a binary system of compact objects moving in
quasi-elliptical orbits up to 3PN order. The method explicitly uses the
quasi-Keplerian representation of elliptical orbits at 1PN order and exploits
the doubly periodic nature of the motion to average the 3PN fluxes over the
binary's orbit. Together with the instantaneous (non-tail) contributions
evaluated in a companion paper, it provides crucial inputs for the construction
of ready-to-use templates for compact binaries moving on quasi-elliptic orbits,
an interesting class of sources for the ground based gravitational wave
detectors such as LIGO and Virgo as well as space based detectors like LISA.


title: Faster Algorithms for Online Topological Ordering

abstract:
  We present two algorithms for maintaining the topological order of a directed
acyclic graph with n vertices, under an online edge insertion sequence of m
edges. Efficient algorithms for online topological ordering have many
applications, including online cycle detection, which is to discover the first
edge that introduces a cycle under an arbitrary sequence of edge insertions in
a directed graph. In this paper we present efficient algorithms for the online
topological ordering problem.
  We first present a simple algorithm with running time O(n^{5/2}) for the
online topological ordering problem. This is the current fastest algorithm for
this problem on dense graphs, i.e., when m > n^{5/3}. We then present an
algorithm with running time O((m + nlog n)\sqrt{m}); this is more efficient for
sparse graphs. Our results yield an improved upper bound of O(min(n^{5/2}, (m +
nlog n)sqrt{m})) for the online topological ordering problem.


title: Algebraic setup of non-strict multiple zeta values

abstract:
  In this article, we introduce an algebraic setup of non-strict multiple zeta
values (NMZVs, for short) and prove some relations of NMZVs, which are
analogous to Hoffman's relations of multiple zeta values, by using this
algebraic setup of NMZVs.


title:
Light deflection in the second post-Newtonian approximation of
  scalar-tensor theory of gravity

abstract:
  In this paper, we use the metric coefficients and the equation of motion in
the 2nd post-Newtonian approximation in scalar-tensor theory including
intermediate range gravity to derive the deflection of light and compare it
with previous works. These results will be useful for precision astrometry
missions like GAIA (Global Astrometric Interferometer of Astrophysics), SIMS
(The Space Interferometry Mission) and LATOR (Laser Astrometric Test Of
Relativity) which aim at astrometry with microarcsecond and nanoarcsecond
accuracies and need 2nd post-Newtonian framework and ephemeris to determine the
stellar and spacecraft positions.


title: An action with positive kinetic energy term for general relativity

abstract:
  At first, we state some results in arXiv: 0707.2639, and then, using a
positive kinetic energy coordinate condition given by arXiv: 0707.2639, we
present an action with positive kinetic energy term for general relativity.
Based on this action, the corresponding theory of canonical quantization is
discussed.


title:
On spherically symmetric metric satisfying the positive kinetic energy
  coordinate condition

abstract:
  Generally speaking, there is a negative kinetic energy term in the Lagrangian
of the Einstein-Hilbert action of general relativity; On the other hand, the
negative kinetic energy term can be vanished by designating a special
coordinate system. For general spherically symmetric metric, the question that
seeking special coordinate system that satisfies the positive kinetic energy
coordinate condition is referred to solving a linear first-order partial
differential equation. And then, we present a metric corresponding to the
Reissner-Nordstrom solution that satisfies the positive kinetic energy
coordinate condition. Finally, we discuss simply the case of the Tolman metric.


title:
Solar System tests of some models of modified gravity proposed to
  explain galactic rotation curves without dark matter

abstract:
  We consider the recently estimated corrections \Delta\dot\varpi to the
Newtonian/Einsteinian secular precessions of the longitudes of perihelia \varpi
of several planets of the Solar System in order to evaluate whether they are
compatible with the predicted precessions due to models of long-range modified
gravity put forth to account for certain features of the rotation curves of
galaxies without resorting to dark matter. In particular, we consider a
logarithmic-type correction and a f(R) inspired power-law modification of the
Newtonian gravitational potential. The results obtained by taking the ratio of
the apsidal rates for different pairs of planets show that the modifications of
the Newtonian potentials examined in this paper are not compatible with the
secular extra-precessions of the perihelia of the Solar System's planets
estimated by E.V. Pitjeva as solve-for parameters processing almost one century
of data with the latest EPM ephemerides.


title: Star Formation in the Extreme Outer Galaxy: Digel Cloud 2 Clusters

abstract:
  As a first step for studying star formation in the extreme outer Galaxy
(EOG), we obtained deep near-infrared images of two embedded clusters at the
northern and southern CO peaks of Cloud 2, which is one of the most distant
star forming regions in the outer Galaxy (galactic radius R_g ~ 19 kpc). With
high spatial resolution (FWHM ~ 0".35) and deep imaging (K ~ 21 mag) with the
IRCS imager at the Subaru telescope, we detected cluster members with a mass
detection limit of < 0.1 M_{sun}, which is well into the substellar regime.
These high quality data enables a comparison of EOG to those in the solar
neighborhood on the same basis for the first time. Before interpreting the
photometric result, we have first constructed the NIR color-color diagram
(dwarf star track, classical T Tauri star (CTTS) locus, reddening law) in the
Mauna Kea Observatory filter system and also for the low metallicity
environment since the metallicity in EOG is much lower than those in the solar
neighborhood. The estimated stellar density suggests that an ``isolated type''
star formation is ongoing in Cloud 2-N, while a ``cluster type'' star formation
is ongoing in Cloud 2-S. Despite the difference of the star formation mode,
other characteristics of the two clusters are found to be almost identical: (1)
K-band luminosity function (KLF) of the two clusters are quite similar, as is
the estimated IMF and ages (~ 0.5--1 Myr) from the KLF fitting, (2) the
estimated star formation efficiencies (SFEs) for both clusters are typical
compared to those of embedded clusters in the solar neighborhood (~ 10 %). The
similarity of two independent clusters with a large separation (~ 25 pc)
strongly suggest that their star formation activities were triggered by the
same mechanism, probably the supernova remnant (GSH 138-01-94).


title:
Enhanced circular dichroism via slow-light in dispersive structured
  media

abstract:
  Circular dichroism (CD) is in widespread use as a means of determining
enantiomeric excess. We show how slow-light phenomena in dispersive structured
media allow for a reduction in the required optical path length of an order of
magnitude. The same ideas may be used to enhance the sensitivity of CD
measurements while maintaining the same optical path length through the sample.
Finally, the sensitivity may be enhanced in frequency regimes where CD data is
typically not accessible due to a modest chiral response of the enantiomers.


title: Diversification in the Internet Economy:The Role of For-Profit Mediators

abstract:
  We investigate market forces that would lead to the emergence of new classes
of players in the sponsored search market. We report a 3-fold diversification
triggered by two inherent features of the sponsored search market, namely,
capacity constraints and collusion-vulnerability of current mechanisms. In the
first scenario, we present a comparative study of two models motivated by
capacity constraints - one where the additional capacity is provided by
for-profit agents, who compete for slots in the original auction, draw traffic,
and run their own sub-auctions, and the other, where the additional capacity is
provided by the auctioneer herself, by essentially acting as a mediator and
running a single combined auction. This study was initiated by us in
\cite{SRGR07}, where the mediator-based model was studied. In the present work,
we study the auctioneer-based model and show that this model seems inferior to
the mediator-based model in terms of revenue or efficiency guarantee due to
added capacity. In the second scenario, we initiate a game theoretic study of
current sponsored search auctions, involving incentive driven mediators who
exploit the fact that these mechanisms are not collusion-resistant. In
particular, we show that advertisers can improve their payoffs by using the
services of the mediator compared to directly participating in the auction, and
that the mediator can also obtain monetary benefit, without violating incentive
constraints from the advertisers who do not use its services. We also point out
that the auctioneer can not do very much via mechanism design to avoid such
for-profit mediation without losing badly in terms of revenue, and therefore,
the mediators are likely to prevail.


title:
Rotation-driven prolate-to-oblate shape phase transition in 190W: A
  projected shell model study

abstract:
  A shape phase transition is demonstrated to occur in 190W by applying the
Projected Shell Model, which goes beyond the usual mean-field approximation.
Rotation alignment of neutrons in the high-j, i_{13/2} orbital drives the yrast
sequence of the system, changing suddenly from prolate to oblate shape at
angular momentum 10$\hbar$. We propose observables to test the picture.


title: Gradient Descent Bit Flipping Algorithms for Decoding LDPC Codes

abstract:
  A novel class of bit-flipping (BF) algorithms for decoding low-density
parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The proposed algorithms, which are
called gradient descent bit flipping (GDBF) algorithms, can be regarded as
simplified gradient descent algorithms. Based on gradient descent formulation,
the proposed algorithms are naturally derived from a simple non-linear
objective function.


title:
A QCD chiral critical point at small chemical potential: is it there or
  not?

abstract:
  For a QCD chiral critical point to exist, the parameter region of small quark
masses for which the finite temperature transition is first-order must expand
when the chemical potential is turned on. This can be tested by a Taylor
expansion of the critical surface (m_{u,d},m_s)_c(mu). We present a new method
to perform this Taylor expansion numerically, which we first test on an
effective model of QCD with static, dense quarks. We then present the results
for QCD with 3 degenerate flavors. For a lattice with N_t=4 time-slices, the
first-order region shrinks as the chemical potential is turned on. This implies
that, for physical quark masses, the analytic crossover which occurs at mu=0
between the hadronic and the plasma regimes remains crossover in the mu-region
where a Taylor expansion is reliable, i.e. mu less than or similar to T. We
present preliminary results from finer lattices indicating that this situation
persists, as does the discrepancy between the curvature of T_c(m_c(mu=0),mu)
and the experimentally observed freeze-out curve.


title: Three dimensional theory for light matter interaction

abstract:
  We present a full quantum mechanical three dimensional theory describing an
electromagnetic field interacting with an ensemble of identical atoms. The
theory is constructed such that it describes recent experiments on light-matter
quantum interfaces, where the quantum fluctuations of light are mapped onto the
atoms and back onto light. We show that the interaction of the light with the
atoms may be separated into a mean effect of the ensemble and a deviation from
the mean. The mean effect of the interaction effectively give rise to an index
of refraction of the gas. We formally change to a dressed state picture, where
the light modes are solutions to the diffraction problem, and develop a
perturbative expansion in the fluctuations. The fluctuations are due to quantum
fluctuations as well as the random positions of the atoms. In this perturbative
expansion we show how the quantum fluctuations are mapped between atoms and
light while the random positioning of the atoms give rise to decay due to
spontaneous emission. Furthermore we identify limits, where the full three
dimensional theory reduce to the one dimensional theory typically used to
describe the interaction.


title: Reversible Quantum Interface for Tunable Single-sideband Modulation

abstract:
  Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a Cesium vapor, we
demonstrate experimentally that the quantum state of a light beam can be mapped
into the long lived Zeeman coherences of an atomic ground state. Two
non-commuting variables carried by light are simultaneously stored and
subsequentely read-out, with no noise added. We compare the case where a
tunable single sideband is stored independently of the other one to the case
where the two symmetrical sidebands are stored using the same EIT transparency
window.


title:
Transfer and teleportation of quantum states encoded in decoherence-free
  subspace

abstract:
  Quantum state transfer and teleportation, with qubits encoded in internal
states of the atoms in cavities, among spatially separated nodes of a quantum
network in decoherence-free subspace are proposed, based on a cavity-assisted
interaction by single-photon pulses. We show in details the implementation of a
logic-qubit Hadamard gate and a two-logic-qubit conditional gate, and discuss
the experimental feasibility of our scheme.


title: Mid-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift obscured quasars

abstract:
  We present mid-infrared observations of 18 sources from a sample of 21 z~2
radio-intermediate obscured quasars. The mid-infrared spectra of the sources
are continuum dominated, and 12 sources show deep silicate absorption with
tau_9.7~1-2. Combining mid-infrared and optical spectra, we achieve 86%
spectroscopic completeness which allows us to confirm that most (63 +14 -22 %)
z~2 radio-intermediate quasars are obscured. The new spectra also prove that
many high-redshift type-2 quasars do not show any rest-frame ultraviolet
emission lines. From the 18 individual mid-infrared spectra, we classify most
of the sources into three subsamples: those with hints of the 7.7 and 6.2
micron polyaromatic hydrocarbons (3/18 sources show PAHs, subsample A), those
with an excess of emission around 8 micron but no hint of the 6.2 micron PAH
(7/18 cases, subsample B) and pure-continuum sources with no visible excess
(4/18 sources, subsample C). The remaining 4/18 sources have spectra that are
featureless or too noisy for any features to be visible. In subsample A,
averaging the spectra leads to a statistical detection of both 6.2 and 7.7
micron PAHs over the continuum, with the strength of the 7.7 micron PAH
comparable to that of submillimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs) at similar
redshifts. These sources are in a phase of coeval growth of a supermassive
black hole and a host galaxy.


title:
Internetwork magnetic field distribution from simultaneous 1.56 micron
  and 630 nm observations

abstract:
  We study the contradictory magnetic field strength distributions retrieved
from independent analyses of spectropolarimetric observations in the
near-infrared (1.56 micron) and in the visible (630 nm) at internetwork
regions. In order to solve this apparent controversy, we present simultaneous
and co-spatial 1.56 micron and 630 nm observations of an internetwork area. The
properties of the circular and linear polarization signals, as well as the
Stokes V area and amplitude asymmetries, are discussed. As a complement,
inversion techniques are also used to infer the physical parameters of the
solar atmosphere. As a first step, the infrared and visible observations are
analysed separately to check their compatibility. Finally, the simultaneous
inversion of the two data sets is performed. The magnetic flux densities
retrieved from the individual analysis of the infrared and visible data sets
are strongly correlated. The polarity of the Stokes V profiles is the same at
co-spatial pixels in both wavelength ranges. This indicates that both 1.56
micron and 630 nm observations trace the same magnetic structures on the solar
surface. The simultaneous inversion of the two pairs of lines reveals an
internetwork full of sub-kG structures that fill only 2 % of the resolution
element. A correlation is found between the magnetic field strength and the
continuum intensity: equipartition fields (B ~500 G) tend to be located in dark
intergranular lanes, whereas weaker field structures are found inside granules.
The most probable unsigned magnetic flux density is 10 Mx/cm2. The net magnetic
flux density in the whole field of view is nearly zero. This means that both
polarities cancel out almost exactly in our observed internetwork area.


title:
Phase space gaps and ergodicity breaking in systems with long range
  interactions

abstract:
  We study a generalized isotropic XY-model which includes both two-spin and
four-spin mean-field interactions. This model can be solved in the
microcanonical ensemble. It is shown that in certain parameter regions the
model exhibits gaps in the magnetization at fixed energy, resulting in
ergodicity breaking. This phenomenon has previously been reported in
anisotropic and discrete spin models. The entropy of the model is calculated
and the microcanonical phase diagram is derived, showing the existence of first
order phase transitions from the ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic disordered
phase. It is found that ergodicity breaking takes place both in the
ferromagnetic and the paramagnetic phases. As a consequence, the system can
exhibit a stable ferromagnetic phase within the paramagnetic region, and
conversely a disordered phase within the magnetically ordered region.


title: Lineage-through-time plots of birth-death processes

abstract:
  We calculate the density and expectation for the number of lineages in a
reconstructed tree with $n$ extant species. This is done with conditioning on
the age of the tree as well as with assuming a uniform prior for the age of the
tree.


title: Two-point correlation properties of stochastic "cloud processes''

abstract:
  We study how the two-point density correlation properties of a point particle
distribution are modified when each particle is divided, by a stochastic
process, into an equal number of identical "daughter" particles. We consider
generically that there may be non-trivial correlations in the displacement
fields describing the positions of the different daughters of the same "mother"
particle, and then treat separately the cases in which there are, or are not,
correlations also between the displacements of daughters belonging to different
mothers. For both cases exact formulae are derived relating the structure
factor (power spectrum) of the daughter distribution to that of the mother.
These results can be considered as a generalization of the analogous equations
obtained in ref. [1] (cond-mat/0409594) for the case of stochastic displacement
fields applied to particle distributions. An application of the present results
is that they give explicit algorithms for generating, starting from regular
lattice arrays, stochastic particle distributions with an arbitrarily high
degree of large-scale uniformity.

categories: cond-mat.stat-mech astro-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci math-ph math.MP


title: Radiative penguin Bs decays at Belle

abstract:
  We report searches for the radiative penguin decays Bs to phi gamma and Bs to
gamma gamma based on a 23.6 fb-1 data sample collected with the Belle detector
at the KEKB e+e- energy-asymmetric collider operating at the Upsilon(5S)
resonance.


title: Magnetic Vortex Line Configuration of Faddeev-Niemi Knot

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to the inaccurate result.


title: The Emergence of Spacetime, or, Quantum Gravity on Your Desktop

abstract:
  Is there an approach to quantum gravity which is conceptually simple, relies
on very few fundamental physical principles and ingredients, emphasizes
geometric (as opposed to algebraic) properties, comes with a definite numerical
approximation scheme, and produces robust results, which go beyond showing mere
internal consistency of the formalism? The answer is a resounding yes: it is
the attempt to construct a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity, valid on
all scales, with the technique of so-called Causal Dynamical Triangulations.
Despite its conceptual simplicity, the results obtained up to now are far from
trivial. Most remarkable at this stage is perhaps the fully dynamical emergence
of a classical background (and solution to the Einstein equations) from a
nonperturbative sum over geometries, without putting in any preferred geometric
background at the outset. In addition, there is concrete evidence for the
presence of a fractal spacetime foam on Planckian distance scales. The
availability of a computational framework provides built-in reality checks of
the approach, whose importance can hardly be overestimated.


title:
The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) -- VI. 350 micron
  mapping of submillimetre galaxies

abstract:
  A follow-up survey using the Submillimetre High-Angular Resolution Camera
(SHARC-II) at 350 microns has been carried out to map the regions around
several 850 micron-selected sources from the Submillimetre HAlf Degree
Extragalactic Survey (SHADES). These observations probe the infrared
luminosities and hence star-formation rates in the largest existing, most
robust sample of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs). We measure 350 micron flux
densities for 24 850 micron sources, seven of which are detected at >2.5-sigma
within a 10 arcsec search radius of the 850 micron positions. When results from
the literature are included the total number of 350 micron flux density
constraints of SHADES SMGs is 31, with 15 detections. We fit a modified
blackbody to the far-infrared (FIR) photometry of each SMG, and confirm that
typical SMGs are dust-rich (Mdust~9x10^8 Msun), luminous (Lfir~2x10^12 Lsun),
star-forming galaxies with intrinsic dust temperatures of ~35 K and
star-formation rates of ~400 Msun/yr. We have measured the temperature
distribution of SMGs and find that the underlying distribution is slightly
broader than implied by the error bars, and that most SMGs are at 28 K with a
few hotter. We also place new constraints on the 350 micron source counts,
N350(>25mJy)~200-500 deg^-2.


title:
Global existence for energy critical waves in 3-d domains : Neumann
  boundary conditions

abstract:
  We prove that the defocusing quintic wave equation, with Neumann boundary
conditions, is globally wellposed on $H^1_N(\Omega) \times L^2(\Omega)$ for any
smooth (compact) domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3$. The proof relies on one
hand on $L^p$ estimates for the spectral projector by Smith and Sogge, and on
the other hand on a precise analysis of the boundary value problem, which turns
out to be much more delicate than in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions.


title:
The effect of different opacity data and chemical element mixture on the
  Petersen diagram

abstract:
  The Petersen diagram is a frequently used tool to constrain model parameters
such as metallicity of radial double-mode pulsators. In this diagram the period
ratio of the radial first overtone to the fundamental mode, P_1/P_0, is plotted
against the period of the fundamental mode. The period ratio is sensitive to
the chemical composition as well as to the rotational velocity of a star. In
the present study we compute stellar pulsation models to demonstrate the
sensitivity of the radial period ratio to the opacity data (OPAL and OP tables)
and we also examine the effect of different relative abundances of heavy
elements. We conclude that the comparison with observed period ratios could be
used successfully to test the opacity data.


title: Bandwidth Partitioning in Decentralized Wireless Networks

abstract:
  This paper addresses the following question, which is of interest in the
design of a multiuser decentralized network. Given a total system bandwidth of
W Hz and a fixed data rate constraint of R bps for each transmission, how many
frequency slots N of size W/N should the band be partitioned into in order to
maximize the number of simultaneous links in the network? Dividing the
available spectrum results in two competing effects. On the positive side, a
larger N allows for more parallel, noninterfering communications to take place
in the same area. On the negative side, a larger N increases the SINR
requirement for each link because the same information rate must be achieved
over less bandwidth. Exploring this tradeoff and determining the optimum value
of N in terms of the system parameters is the focus of the paper. Using
stochastic geometry, the optimal SINR threshold - which directly corresponds to
the optimal spectral efficiency - is derived for both the low SNR
(power-limited) and high SNR (interference-limited) regimes. This leads to the
optimum choice of the number of frequency bands N in terms of the path loss
exponent, power and noise spectral density, desired rate, and total bandwidth.


title: The thermal Casimir effect for rough metallic plates

abstract:
  We propose a new theory of thermal Casimir effect, holding for the
experimentally important case of metallic surfaces with a roughness having a
spatial scale smaller than the skin depth. The theory is based on a simple
phenomenological model for a rough conductor, that explicitly takes account of
the fact that ohmic conduction in the immediate vicinity of the surface of a
conductor is much impeded by surface roughness, if the amplitude of roughness
is smaller than the skin depth. As a result of the new model, we find that
surface roughness strongly influences the magnitude of the thermal correction
to the Casimir force, independently of the plates separation. Our model, while
consistent with recent accurate measurements of the Casimir force in the
submicron range, leads to a new prediction for the not yet observed thermal
correction to the Casimir force at large plates separation. Besides the thermal
Casimir problem, our model is relevant for the correct theoretical
interpretation of current experiments probing other proximity effects between
conductors, like radiative heat transfer and quantum friction.


title: Stochastic behaviour in the edge region of the SINP tokamak

abstract:
  Stochasticity is one of the most extensively researched topics in laboratory
and space plasmas since it has been successful in explaining the various
anomalous processes like transport, particle heating, particle loss etc. Since
there is a growing need for better understanding of this nonlinear process, it
has led to the development of new and more advanced data analysis techniques.
In this paper we present an analysis of the floating potential fluctuations
which show the existence of a stochastic multifractal process along with low
dimensional chaos. This has been shown primarily by wavelet analysis, and cross
checked using other nonlinear techniques.


title: Magnetism without magnetic impurities in oxides ZrO2 and TiO2

abstract:
  We perform a theoretical study of the magnetism induced in transition metal
dioxides ZrO2 and TiO2 by substitution of the cation by a vacancy or an
impurity from the groups 1A or 2A of the periodic table, where the impurity is
either K or Ca. In the present study both supercell and embedded cluster
methods are used. It is demonstrated that the vacancy and the K-impurity leads
to a robust induced magnetic moment on the surrounding O-atoms for both the
cubic ZrO2 and rutile TiO2 host crystals. On the other hand it is shown that
Ca-impurity leads to a non magnetic state. The native O-vacancy does not induce
a magnetic moment in the host dioxide crystal.


title:
Three-component modeling of C-rich AGB star winds IV. Revised
  interpretation with improved numerical descriptions

abstract:
  Models describing dust-driven winds are important for understanding the
physical mechanism and properties of mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch.
These models are becoming increasingly realistic with more detailed physics
included, but also more computationally demanding. The purpose of this study is
to clarify to what extent the applied numerical approach affects resulting
physical structures of modelled winds, and to discuss resulting changes.
Following the previously developed radiation hydrodynamic model - which
includes descriptions for time-dependent dust formation and gas-dust drift -
and using its physical assumptions and parameters, numerical improvements are
introduced. Impacts of the so-called adaptive grid equation and advection
schemes are assessed from models calculated with different numerical setups.
Results show that wind models are strongly influenced by numerical imprecision,
displaying differences in calculated physical properties of up to one hundred
per cent. Using a non-adaptive grid, models become periodic (in multiples of
stellar pulsation periods), instead of irregular, as obtained previously.
Furthermore, the numerical improvements reveal changes in physical structures.
The influence of gas-dust drift is confirmed to be highly important, in
particular for the dust component. Gas and dust are less tightly coupled than
previously, and drastically larger amounts of dust form assuming drift.


title:
Development of a Vacuum Ultra-Violet Laser-Based Angle-Resolved
  Photoemission System with a Super-High Energy Resolution Better Than 1 meV

abstract:
  The design and performance of the first vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) laser-based
angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) system are described. The VUV laser with a
photon energy of 6.994 eV and bandwidth of 0.26 meV is achieved from the second
harmonic generation using a novel non-linear optical crystal KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF).
The new VUV laser-based ARPES system exhibits superior performance, including
super-high energy resolution better than 1 meV, high momentum resolution,
super-high photon flux and much enhanced bulk sensitivity, which are
demonstrated from measurements on a typical Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 high temperature
superconductor. Issues and further development related to the VUV laser-based
photoemission technique are discussed.


title: Contraction-induced cluster formation in cardiac cell culture

abstract:
  Evolution of the spatial arrangement of cells in a primary culture of cardiac
tissue derived from newborn rats was studied experimentally over extended
period. It was found that cells attract each other spontaneously to form a
clustered structure over the timescale of several days. These clusters exhibit
spontaneous rhythmic contraction and have been confirmed to consist of cardiac
muscle cells. Addition of a contraction inhibitor (2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime)
to the culture medium resulted in the inhibition of both the spontaneous
contractions exhibited by the cells as well as the formation of clusters.
Furthermore, the formation of clusters is suppressed when high concentrations
of collagen are used for coating the substratum to which the cells adhere. From
these experimental observations, it was deduced that the cells are mechanically
stressed by the tension associated with repeated contractions and that this
results in the cells becoming compact and attracting each other, finally
resulting in the formation of clusters. This process can be interpreted as
modulation of a cellular network by the activity associated with contraction,
which could be employed to control cellular networks by modifying the dynamics
associated with the contractions in cardiac tissue culture.


title: Linear non-autonomous Cauchy problems and evolution semigroups

abstract:
  The paper is devoted to the problem of existence of propagators for an
abstract linear non-autonomous evolution Cauchy problem of hyperbolic type in
separable Banach spaces. The problem is solved using the so-called evolution
semigroup approach which reduces the existence problem for propagators to a
perturbation problem of semigroup generators. The results are specified to
abstract linear non-autonomous evolution equations in Hilbert spaces where the
assumption is made that the domains of the quadratic forms associated with the
generators are independent of time. Finally, these results are applied to
time-dependent Schr\"odinger operators with moving point interactions in 1D.


title: Does relationalism alone control geometrodynamics with sources?

abstract:
  This paper concerns relational first principles from which the Dirac
procedure exhaustively picks out the geometrodynamics corresponding to general
relativity as one of a handful of consistent theories. This was accompanied by
a number of results and conjectures about matter theories and general features
of physics -- such as gauge theory, the universal light cone principle of
special relativity and the equivalence principle -- being likewise picked out.
I have previously shown that many of these matter results and conjectures are
contingent on further unrelational simplicity assumptions. In this paper, I
point out 1) that the exhaustive procedure in these cases with matter fields is
slower than it was previously held to be. 2) While the example of equivalence
principle violating matter theory that I previously showed how to accommodate
on relational premises has a number of pathological features, in this paper I
point out that there is another closely related equivalence principle violating
theory that also follows from those premises and is less pathological. This
example being known as an `Einstein--aether theory', it also serves for 3)
illustrating limitations on the conjectured emergence of the universal light
cone special relativity principle.


title:
Lepton Flavor Violating tau decay by R-Parity Violation in a Family
  Symmetry

abstract:
  In this talk, we investigate Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) tau decay by
R-Parity Violating (RPV) operators controlled by a non-Abelian discrete $Q_6$
family symmetry. We assume that only a family symmetry determines the whole
flavor structure of a model, and the model indicates specific predictions of
LFV tau decay processes by RPV operators. We predict $BR(\tau \to 3e)/BR(\tau
\to 3 \mu) \sim 4 m_{\mu}^2/m_{\tau}^2$ in a $Q_6$ family symmetric model.


title: \Pi^0_1 classes, strong minimal covers and hyperimmune-free degrees

abstract:
  We investigate issues surrounding an old question of Yates' as to the
existence of a minimal Turing degree with no strong minimal cover, specifically
with respect to the hyperimmune-free degrees.


title:
New interpretation of variational principles for gauge theories. I.
  Cyclic coordinate alternative to ADM split

abstract:
  I show how there is an ambiguity in how one treats auxiliary variables in
gauge theories including general relativity cast as 3 + 1 geometrodynamics.
Auxiliary variables may be treated pre-variationally as multiplier coordinates
or as the velocities corresponding to cyclic coordinates. The latter treatment
works through the physical meaninglessness of auxiliary variables' values
applying also to the end points (or end spatial hypersurfaces) of the
variation, so that these are free rather than fixed. [This is also known as
variation with natural boundary conditions.] Further principles of dynamics
workings such as Routhian reduction and the Dirac procedure are shown to have
parallel counterparts for this new formalism. One advantage of the new scheme
is that the corresponding actions are more manifestly relational. While the
electric potential is usually regarded as a multiplier coordinate and Arnowitt,
Deser and Misner have regarded the lapse and shift likewise, this paper's
scheme considers new {\it flux}, {\it instant} and {\it grid} variables whose
corresponding velocities are, respectively, the abovementioned previously used
variables. This paper's way of thinking about gauge theory furthermore admits
interesting generalizations, which shall be provided in a second paper.


title:
Entanglement evolution after connecting finite to infinite quantum
  chains

abstract:
  We study zero-temperature XX chains and transverse Ising chains and join an
initially separate finite piece on one or on both sides to an infinite
remainder. In both critical and non-critical systems we find a typical increase
of the entanglement entropy after the quench, followed by a slow decay towards
the value of the homogeneous chain. In the critical case, the predictions of
conformal field theory are verified for the first phase of the evolution, while
at late times a step structure can be observed.


title:
Absorption and emission of polariton modes in a ZnSe-ZnSSe
  heterostructure

abstract:
  We investigate the absorption and emission of a 25 nm ZnSe layer, which was
grown on a GaAs buffer and cladded by ZnSSe layers. Due to the coupling of
light with the exciton resonances, polariton modes propagate through the ZnSe
layer. Their interferences appear as additional peaks in the reflection spectra
and can be explained by the effect of spatial dispersion. We present additional
experimental results for the emission of the sample after excitation by a pump
pulse, showing corresponding interference peaks of the polariton modes, whose
maxima strongly decrease to higher energies. Our exact theoretical analysis
shows that the ratio of emission and absorption is given by the population of
the globally defined states of the electromagnetic field, i.e. the polariton
distribution which is generated by the pump pulse. This distribution, being far
from thermal quasiequilibrium, shows pronounced peaks at the polariton modes
depending on the energy of the pump pulse.


title: Phase and alignment noise in grating interferometers

abstract:
  Diffraction gratings have been proposed as core optical elements in future
laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper we derive
equations for the coupling between alignment noise and phase noise at
diffraction gratings. In comparison to a standard reflective component (mirror
or beam splitter) the diffractive nature of the gratings causes an additional
coupling of geometry changes into alignment and phase noise. Expressions for
the change in angle and optical path length of each outgoing beam are provided
as functions of a translation or rotation of the incoming beam with respect to
the grating. The analysis is based entirely on the grating equation and the
geometry of the setup. We further analyse exemplary optical setups which have
been proposed for the use in future gravitational wave detectors. We find that
the use of diffraction gratings yields a strong coupling of alignment noise
into phase noise. By comparing the results with the specifications of current
detectors we show that this additional noise coupling results in new,
challenging requirements for the suspension and isolation systems for the
optical components.


title: Attractive interaction of Indium with point defects and silicon in GeSi

abstract:
  In electron irradiated Ge$_{0.98}$Si$_{0.02}$, In-vacancy and In-interstitial
complexes were observed in analogy with defects in pure Ge. Isochronal
annealing measurements reveal that the temperature of dissociation of In-defect
complexes deviate from pure Ge subjected to identical e-irradiation, which is
explained on the basis of strain induced by undersized silicon atoms affecting
the binding energy of In-V and In-I complexes. Besides the pairing with
intrinsic defects the interaction of In with Si atoms is observed resulting in
several different configurations. Complementary experiments performed in
Ge$_{0.98}$Si$_{0.02}$ and Ge$_{0.94}$Si$_{0.06}$ elucidate the attractive
interaction between In and Si.


title: Quantum Brownian representation for the quantum field modes

abstract:
  When analyzing the particle-like excitations in quantum field theory it is
natural to regard the field mode corresponding to the particle momentum as an
open quantum system, together with the opposite momentum mode. Provided that
the state of the field is stationary, homogeneous and isotropic, this scalar
two-mode system can be equivalently represented in terms of a pair of quantum
Brownian oscillators under a Gaussian approximation. In other words, the
two-mode system behaves as if it were interacting linearly with some effective
environment. In this paper we build the details of the effective linear
coupling and the effective environment, and argue that this quantum Brownian
representation provides a simple, universal and non-perturbative
characterization of any single particle-like excitation. As immediate
applications of the equivalence, we reanalyse the interpretation of the
self-energy in terms of decay rates in a general background state, and present
the master equation for the field mode corresponding to the particle momentum.


title:
Maximum supercurrent in Josephson junctions with alternating critical
  current density

abstract:
  We consider theoretically and numerically magnetic field dependencies of the
maximum supercurrent across Josephson tunnel junctions with spatially
alternating critical current density. We find that two flux-penetration fields
and one-splinter-vortex equilibrium state exist in long junctions.


title:
Dynamical feedback of the curvature drift instability on its saturation
  process

abstract:
  We investigate the reconstruction of pulsar magnetospheres close to the light
cylinder surface to study the curvature drift instability (CDI) responsible for
the twisting of magnetic field lines in the mentioned zone. The influence of
plasma dynamics on the saturation process of the CDI is studied. On the basis
of the Euler, continuity, and induction equations, we derive the increment of
the CDI and analyze parametrically excited drift modes. The dynamics of the
reconstruction of the pulsar magnetosphere is studied analytically. We show
that there is a possibility of a parametrically excited rotational-energy
pumping-process in the drift modes. It is indicated by the generation of a
toroidal component of the magnetic field that transforms the field lines into
such a configuration, in which plasma particles do not experience any forces.
At this stage, the instability process saturates and the further amplification
of the toroidal component to the magnetic field lines is suspended.


title:
Stacked Triangular XY Antiferromagnets: End of a Controversial Issue on
  the Phase Transition

abstract:
  We show in this paper by using the Wang-Landau flat-histogram Monte Carlo
method that the phase transition in the XY stacked triangular antiferromagnet
is clearly of first-order, confirming results from latest Monte Carlo
simulation and from a nonperturbative renormalization group, putting an end to
a long-standing controversial issue.


title:
Optical Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Accretion-Powered Millisecond
  Pulsar HETE J1900.1-2455

abstract:
  We present phase resolved optical photometry and spectroscopy of the
accreting millisecond pulsar HETE J1900.1-2455. Our R-band light curves exhibit
a sinusoidal modulation, at close to the orbital period, which we initially
attributed to X-ray heating of the irradiated face of the secondary star.
However, further analysis reveals that the source of the modulation is more
likely due to superhumps caused by a precessing accretion disc. Doppler
tomography of a broad Halpha emission line reveals an emission ring, consistent
with that expected from an accretion disc. Using the velocity of the emission
ring as an estimate for the projected outer disc velocity, we constrain the
maximum projected velocity of the secondary to be 200 km/s, placing a lower
limit of 0.05 Msun on the secondary mass. For a 1.4 Msun primary, this implies
that the orbital inclination is low, < 20 degrees. Utilizing the observed
relationship between the secondary mass and orbital period in short period
cataclysmic variables, we estimate the secondary mass to be ~0.085 Msun, which
implies an upper limit of ~2.4 Msun for the primary mass.


title:
Effects of Ferromagnetic Magnetic Ordering and Phase Transition on the
  Resistivity of Spin Current

abstract:
  It has been shown experimentally a long time ago that the magnetic ordering
causes an anomalous behavior of the electron resistivity in ferromagnetic
crystals. Phenomenological explanations based on the interaction between
itinerant electron spins and lattice spins have been suggested to explain these
observations. We show by extensive Monte Carlo simulation that this behavior is
also observed for the resistivity of the spin current calculated as a function
of temperature ($T$) from low-$T$ ordered phase to high-$T$ paramagnetic phase
in a ferromagnet. We show in particular that across the critical region, the
spin resistivity undergoes a huge peak. The origin of this peak is shown to
stem from the formation of magnetic domains near the phase transition. The
behavior of the resistivity obtained here is compared to experiments and
theories. A good agreement is observed.


title: On proper and exterior sequentiality

abstract:
  In this article a sequential theory in the category of spaces and proper maps
is described and developed. As a natural extension a sequential theory for
exterior spaces and maps is obtained.


title: A holographic model of hadronization

abstract:
  We study hadronization of the final state in a particle-antiparticle
annihilation using a holographic gravity dual description of QCD. At the point
of hadronization we match the events to a simple (Gaussian) energy distribution
in the five dimensional theory. The final state multiplicities are then
modelled by calculating the overlap between the Gaussian and a set of functions
in the fifth dimension which represent each hadron. We compare our results to
those measured in e+e- collisions at LEP and PEP-PETRA. Hadron production
numbers, which differ in range by four orders of magnitude, are reproduced to
well within a factor of two.


title:
Throughput Optimal On-Line Algorithms for Advanced Resource Reservation
  in Ultra High-Speed Networks

abstract:
  Advanced channel reservation is emerging as an important feature of ultra
high-speed networks requiring the transfer of large files. Applications include
scientific data transfers and database backup. In this paper, we present two
new, on-line algorithms for advanced reservation, called BatchAll and BatchLim,
that are guaranteed to achieve optimal throughput performance, based on
multi-commodity flow arguments. Both algorithms are shown to have
polynomial-time complexity and provable bounds on the maximum delay for
1+epsilon bandwidth augmented networks. The BatchLim algorithm returns the
completion time of a connection immediately as a request is placed, but at the
expense of a slightly looser competitive ratio than that of BatchAll. We also
present a simple approach that limits the number of parallel paths used by the
algorithms while provably bounding the maximum reduction factor in the
transmission throughput. We show that, although the number of different paths
can be exponentially large, the actual number of paths needed to approximate
the flow is quite small and proportional to the number of edges in the network.
Simulations for a number of topologies show that, in practice, 3 to 5 parallel
paths are sufficient to achieve close to optimal performance. The performance
of the competitive algorithms are also compared to a greedy benchmark, both
through analysis and simulation.


title:
Inspiralling compact binaries in quasi-elliptical orbits: The complete
  third post-Newtonian energy flux

abstract:
  The instantaneous contributions to the 3PN gravitational wave luminosity from
the inspiral phase of a binary system of compact objects moving in a quasi
elliptical orbit is computed using the multipolar post-Minkowskian wave
generation formalism. The necessary inputs for this calculation include the 3PN
accurate mass quadrupole moment for general orbits and the mass octupole and
current quadrupole moments at 2PN. Using the recently obtained 3PN
quasi-Keplerian representation of elliptical orbits the flux is averaged over
the binary's orbit. Supplementing this by the important hereditary
contributions arising from tails, tails-of-tails and tails squared terms
calculated in a previous paper, the complete 3PN energy flux is obtained. The
final result presented in this paper would be needed for the construction of
ready-to-use templates for binaries moving on non-circular orbits, a plausible
class of sources not only for the space based detectors like LISA but also for
the ground based ones.


title:
Negative refraction with tunable absorption in an active dense gas of
  atoms

abstract:
  Applications of negative index materials (NIM) presently are severely limited
by absorption. Next to improvements of metamaterial designs, it has been
suggested that dense gases of atoms could form a NIM with negligible losses. In
such gases, the low absorption is facilitated by quantum interference. Here, we
show that additional gain mechanisms can be used to tune and effectively remove
absorption in a dense gas NIM. In our setup, the atoms are coherently prepared
by control laser fields, and further driven by a weak incoherent pump field to
induce gain. We employ nonlinear optical Bloch equations to analyze the optical
response. Metastable Neon is identified as a suitable experimental candidate at
infrared frequencies to implement a lossless active negative index material.


title:
Quantum Physics Exploring Gravity in the Outer Solar System: The Sagas
  Project

abstract:
  We summarise the scientific and technological aspects of the SAGAS (Search
for Anomalous Gravitation using Atomic Sensors) project, submitted to ESA in
June 2007 in response to the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 call for proposals. The
proposed mission aims at flying highly sensitive atomic sensors (optical clock,
cold atom accelerometer, optical link) on a Solar System escape trajectory in
the 2020 to 2030 time-frame. SAGAS has numerous science objectives in
fundamental physics and Solar System science, for example numerous tests of
general relativity and the exploration of the Kuiper belt. The combination of
highly sensitive atomic sensors and of the laser link well adapted for large
distances will allow measurements with unprecedented accuracy and on scales
never reached before. We present the proposed mission in some detail, with
particular emphasis on the science goals and associated measurements.


title: Magnetohydrodynamics of Fractal Media

abstract:
  The fractal distribution of charged particles is considered. An example of
this distribution is the charged particles that are distributed over fractal.
The fractional integrals are used to describe fractal distribution. These
integrals are considered as approximations of integrals on fractals. Typical
turbulent media could be of a fractal structure and the corresponding equations
should be changed to include the fractal features of the media. The
magnetohydrodynamics equations for fractal media are derived from the
fractional generalization of integral Maxwell equations and integral
hydrodynamics (balance) equations. Possible equilibrium states for these
equations are considered.


title: The first Suzaku observation of SGR 1806-20

abstract:
  The soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1806-20 has been attracting a lot of
attention owing to the fact that in December 2004 it emitted the most powerful
giant flare ever observed. Here we present the results of the first Suzaku
observation of SGR 1806-20, that seems to have reached a state characterized by
a flux close to the pre-flare level and by a relatively soft spectrum. Despite
this, the source remained quite active, as testified by several short bursts
observed by Suzaku. We discuss the broadband spectral properties of SGR 1806-20
in the context of the magnetar model, considering its recent theoretical
developments.


title:
Continuum percolation at and above the uniqueness treshold on
  homogeneous spaces

abstract:
  We consider the Poisson Boolean model of continuum percolation on a
homogeneous Riemannian manifold $M$. Let $lambda$ be intensity of the Poisson
process in the model and let $lambda_u$ be the infimum of the set of
intensities that a.s. produce a unique unbounded component. We show that above
$\lambda_u$ there is a.s. a unique unbounded component. We also study what
happens at $\lambda_u$ for some spaces. In particular, if $M$ is the product of
the hyperbolic disc and the real line, then at $\lambda_u$ there is a.s. not a
unique unbounded component. The results are inspired by results for Bernoulli
bond percolation on graphs due to Haggstrom, Peres and Schonmann.


title:
The influence of bond-rigidity and cluster diffusion on the
  self-diffusion of hard spheres with square-well interaction

abstract:
  Hard spheres interacting through a square-well potential were simulated using
two different methods: Brownian Cluster Dynamics (BCD) and Event Driven
Brownian Dynamics (EDBD). The structure of the equilibrium states obtained by
both methods were compared and found to be almost the identical. Self diffusion
coefficients ($D$) were determined as a function of the interaction strength.
The same values were found using BCD or EDBD. Contrary the EDBD, BCD allows one
to study the effect of bond rigidity and hydrodynamic interaction within the
clusters. When the bonds are flexible the effect of attraction on $D$ is
relatively weak compared to systems with rigid bonds. $D$ increases first with
increasing attraction strength, and then decreases for stronger interaction.
Introducing intra-cluster hydrodynamic interaction weakly increases $D$ for a
given interaction strength. Introducing bond rigidity causes a strong decrease
of $D$ which no longer shows a maximum as function of the attraction strength.


title: Recent developments in effective field theory

abstract:
  We will give a short introduction to the one-nucleon sector of chiral
perturbation theory and will address the issue of a consistent power counting
and renormalization. We will discuss the infrared regularization and the
extended on-mass-shell scheme. Both allow for the inclusion of further degrees
of freedom beyond pions and nucleons and the application to higher-loop
calculations. As applications we consider the chiral expansion of the nucleon
mass to order O(q^6) and the inclusion of vector and axial-vector mesons in the
calculation of nucleon form factors.