title: Heteronuclear fermionic superfluids with spin degrees of freedom

abstract:
  We present a theory of spinor superfluidity in a two-species heteronuclear
ultracold fermionic atomic gas consisting of arbitrary half-integer spin and
one-half spin atoms. In particular, we focus on the magnetism of the superfluid
phase and determine the possible phases in the absence of a magnetic field. Our
work demonstrates similarities between heteronuclear fermionic superfluids and
spinor Bose-Einstein condensates at the mean-field level. Possible experimental
situations are discussed.


title:
Tectonic plate under a localized boundary stress: fitting of a
  zero-range solvable model

abstract:
  We suggest a method of fitting of a zero-range model of a tectonic plate
under a boundary stress on the basis of comparison of the theoretical formulae
for the corresponding eigenfunctions/eigenvalues with the results extraction
under monitoring, in the remote zone, of non-random (regular) oscillations of
the Earth with periods 0.2-6 hours, on the background seismic process, in case
of low seismic activity. Observations of changes of the characteristics of the
oscillations (frequency, amplitude and polarization) in course of time,
together with the theoretical analysis of the fitted model, would enable us to
localize the stressed zone on the boundary of the plate and estimate the risk
of a powerful earthquake at the zone.


title:
A preferential attachment model with Poisson growth for scale-free
  networks

abstract:
  We propose a scale-free network model with a tunable power-law exponent. The
Poisson growth model, as we call it, is an offshoot of the celebrated model of
Barab\'{a}si and Albert where a network is generated iteratively from a small
seed network; at each step a node is added together with a number of incident
edges preferentially attached to nodes already in the network. A key feature of
our model is that the number of edges added at each step is a random variable
with Poisson distribution, and, unlike the Barab\'{a}si-Albert model where this
quantity is fixed, it can generate any network. Our model is motivated by an
application in Bayesian inference implemented as Markov chain Monte Carlo to
estimate a network; for this purpose, we also give a formula for the
probability of a network under our model.


title:
An application of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm to formal languages and
  the word problem in groups

abstract:
  We adapt the Deutsch-Josza algorithm to the context of formal language
theory. Specifically, we use the algorithm to distinguish between trivial and
nontrivial words in groups given by finite presentations, under the promise
that a word is of a certain type. This is done by extending the original
algorithm to functions of arbitrary length binary output, with the introduction
of a more general concept of parity. We provide examples in which properties of
the algorithm allow to reduce the number of oracle queries with respect to the
deterministic classical case. This has some consequences for the word problem
in groups with a particular kind of presentation.


title: Parameter-tuning Networks: Experiments and Active Walk Model

abstract:
  The tuning process of a large apparatus of many components could be
represented and quantified by constructing parameter-tuning networks. The
experimental tuning of the ion source of the neutral beam injector of HT-7
Tokamak is presented as an example. Stretched-exponential cumulative degree
distributions are found in the parameter-tuning networks. An active walk model
with eight walkers is constructed. Each active walker is a particle moving with
friction in an energy landscape; the landscape is modified by the collective
action of all the walkers. Numerical simulations show that the parameter-tuning
networks generated by the model also give stretched exponential functions, in
good agreement with experiments. Our methods provide a new way and a new
insight to understand the action of humans in the parameter-tuning of
experimental processes, is helpful for experimental research and other
optimization problems.


title: Multi-Higgs Mass Spectrum in Gauge-Higgs Unification

abstract:
  We study an SU(2) supersymmetric gauge model in a framework of gauge-Higgs
unification. Multi-Higgs spectrum appears in the model at low energy. We
develop a useful perturbative approximation scheme for evaluating effective
potential to study the multi-Higgs mass spectrum. We find that both
tree-massless and massive Higgs scalars obtain mass corrections of similar size
from finite parts of the loop effects. The corrections modify multi-Higgs mass
spectrum, and hence, the loop effects are significant in view of future
verifications of the gauge-Higgs unification scenario in high-energy
experiments.


title:
Theory of competitive counterion adsorption on flexible polyelectrolytes
  : Divalent salts

abstract:
  Counterion distribution around an isolated flexible polyelectrolyte in the
presence of a divalent salt is evaluated using the adsorption model [M.
Muthukumar, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 120}, 9343 (2004)] that considers Bjerrum
length, salt concentration, and local dielectric heterogeneity as physical
variables in the system. Self consistent calculations of effective charge and
size of polymer show that divalent counterions replace condensed monovalent
counterions in competitive adsorption. The theory further predicts that at
modest physical conditions, polymer charge is compensated and reversed with
increasing divalent salt. Consequently, the polyelectrolyte collapses and
reswells, respectively. Lower temperatures and higher degrees of dielectric
heterogeneity enhance condensation of all species of ions. Complete diagram of
states for the effective charge calculated as functions of Coulomb strength and
salt concentration suggest that (a) overcharging requires a minimum Coulomb
strenth, and (b) progressively higher presence of salt recharges the polymer
due to either electrostatic screening (low Coulomb strength) or negative coion
condensation (high Coulomb strength). A simple theory of ion-bridging is also
presented which predicts a first-order collapse of polyelectrolytes. The
theoretical predictions are in agreement with generic results from experiments
and simulations.


title:
On the State of Water Ice on Saturn's Moon Titan and Implications to Icy
  Bodies in the Outer Solar System

abstract:
  The crystalline state of water ice in the Solar System depends on the
temperature history of the ice and the influence of energetic particles to
which it has been exposed. We measured the infrared absorption spectra of
amorphous and crystalline water ice in the 10-50 K and 10-140 K temperature
range, respectively, and conducted a systematic experimental study to
investigate the amorphization of crystalline water ice via ionizing radiation
irradiation at doses of up to 160 \pm 30 eV per molecule. We found that
crystalline water ice can be converted only partially to amorphous ice by
electron irradiation. The experiments showed that a fraction of the 1.65 \mum
band, which is characteristic for crystalline water ice, survived the
irradiation, to a degree that strongly depends on the temperature. Quantitative
kinetic fits of the temporal evolution of the 1.65 \mum band clearly
demonstrate that there is a balance between thermal recrystallization and
irradiation-induced amorphization, with thermal recrystallizaton dominant at
higher temperatures. Our experiments show the amorphization at 40K was
incomplete, in contradiction to Mastrapa and Brown's conclusion (Icarus 2006,
183, 207.). At 50 K, the recrystallization due to thermal effects is strong,
and most of the crystalline ice survived. Temperatures of most icy objects in
the Solar System, including Jovian satellites, Saturnian satellites (including
Titan), and Kuiper Belt Objects, are equal to or above 50 K; this explains why
water ice detected on those objects is mostly crystalline.


title: Harish-Chandra Modules Over the Twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro Algebra

abstract:
  In this paper, we classify all indecomposable Harish-Chandra modules of the
intermediate series over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra. Meanwhile,
some bosonic modules are also studied.


title: Interaction between a Water Molecule and a Graphite Surface

abstract:
  The interaction energy between a water molecule and graphitic structured
clusters terminated by hydrogen atoms is analyzed by ab initio methods and
decomposed into electrostatic, induction, Pauli repulsion, and correlation
energy contributions. Contributions to the energy which are due solely to the
perimeter of the clusters are identified. These can be isolated and discarded
which greatly simplifies the problem of extrapolation to the large cluster
limit. The remaining terms are intrinsic to the interaction of a water molecule
with real graphitic layers and an explicit analytical form is given for the
potential energy surface. The minimum energy configuration is found to have
both hydrogen atoms of the water molecule pointing symmetrically away from the
graphitic plane. The electronic interaction in this mode is -16.8 +/- 1.7
kJ/mol for water-graphite and the zero point energy is estimated as 1.3 kJ/mol.


title: The circular loop equation of a cosmic string with time-varying tension

abstract:
  The equation of circular loops of cosmic string with time-dependent tension
is studied in the Minkowski spacetime and Robertson-Walker universe. We find
that, in the case where the tension depends on some power of the cosmic time,
cosmic string loops with time-varying tension should not collapse to form a
black hole if the power is lower than a critical value.


title: Agegraphic dark energy as a quintessence

abstract:
  Recently, a dark energy model characterized by the age of the universe,
dubbed ``agegraphic dark energy'', was proposed by Cai. In this paper, a
connection between the quintessence scalar-field and the agegraphic dark energy
is established, and accordingly, the potential of the agegraphic quintessence
field is constructed.


title:
The Casimir force on a piston in the spacetime with extra compactified
  dimensions

abstract:
  A one-dimensional Casimir piston for massless scalar fields obeying Dirichlet
boundary conditions in high-dimensional spacetimes within the frame of
Kaluza-Klein theory is analyzed. We derive and calculate the exact expression
for the Casimir force on the piston. We also compute the Casimir force in the
limit that one outer plate is moved to the extremely distant place to show that
the reduced force is associated with the properties of additional spatial
dimensions. The more dimensionality the spacetime has, the stronger the
extra-dimension influence is. The Casimir force for the piston in the model
excluding one plate under the background with extra compactified dimensions
always keeps attractive. Further we find that when the limit is taken the
Casimir force between one plate and the piston will change to be the same form
as the corresponding force for the standard system consisting of two parallel
plates in the four-dimensional spacetimes if the ratio of the plate-piston
distance and extra dimensions size is large enough.


title: Virtual Photon Structure Functions to NNLO in QCD

abstract:
  The unpolarized virtual photon structure functions $F_2^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$
and $F_L^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$ are investigated in perturbative QCD for the
kinematical region $\Lambda^2 \ll P^2 \ll Q^2$, where $-Q^2(-P^2)$ is the mass
squared of the probe (target) photon and $\Lambda$ is the QCD scale parameter.
In the framework of operator product expansion supplemented by the
renormalization group method, the definite predictions are derived for the
moments of $F_2^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$ up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (the
order $\alpha\alpha_s$) and for the moments of $F_L^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$ up to
the next-to-leading order (the order $\alpha\alpha_s$)


title: On the conjecture of King for smooth toric Deligne-Mumford stacks

abstract:
  We construct full strong exceptional collections of line bundles on smooth
toric Fano Deligne-Mumford stacks of Picard number at most two and of any
Picard number in dimension two. It is hoped that the approach of this paper
will eventually lead to the proof of the existence of such collections on all
smooth toric nef-Fano Deligne-Mumford stacks.


title:
A consistent thermodynamic treatment for quark mass density-dependent
  model

abstract:
  The ambiguities and inconsistencies in previous thermodynamic treatments for
the quark mass density-dependent model are addressed. A new treatment is
suggested to obtain the self-consistent results. A new independent variable of
effective mass is introduced to make the traditional thermodynamic calculation
with partial derivative still practicable. The contribution from physical
vacuum has been discussed. We find that the properties of strange quark matter
given by quark mass density-dependent model are nearly the same as those
obtained by MIT bag model after considering the contribution of the physical
vacuum.


title:
The binary fraction of the young cluster NGC 1818 in the Large
  Magellanic Cloud

abstract:
  We use high-resolution {\sl Hubble Space Telescope} imaging observations of
the young ($\sim 15-25$ Myr-old) star cluster NGC 1818 in the Large Magellanic
Cloud to derive an estimate for the binary fraction of F stars ($1.3 <
M_\star/M_\odot < 1.6$). This study provides the strongest constraints yet on
the binary fraction in a young star cluster in a low-metallicity environment
(${[Fe/H]} \sim -0.4$ dex). Employing artificial-star tests, we develop a
simple method that can efficiently measure the probabilities of stellar blends
and superpositions from the observed stellar catalog. We create synthetic
color-magnitude diagrams matching the fundamental parameters of NGC 1818, with
different binary fractions and mass-ratio distributions. We find that this
method is sensitive to binaries with mass ratios, $q \ga 0.4$. For binaries
with F-star primaries and mass ratios $q > 0.4$, the binary fraction is $\sim
0.35$. This suggests a total binary fraction for F stars of 0.55 to unity,
depending on assumptions about the form of the mass-ratio distribution at low
$q$.


title: Spectral multiplicity and odd K-theory

abstract:
  In this paper we begin a study of the space of unbounded self-adjoint
Fredholm operators as a classifying space for K^{1}(X), with the goal of
incorporating the information in the eigenspaces and eigenvalues of the
operators. In particular, the role that the multiplicity of eigenvalues plays
is developed here.


title:
EUV spectra of highly-charged ions W$^{54+}$-W$^{63+}$ relevant to ITER
  diagnostics

abstract:
  We report the first measurements and detailed analysis of extreme ultraviolet
(EUV) spectra (4 nm to 20 nm) of highly-charged tungsten ions W$^{54+}$ to
W$^{63+}$ obtained with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). Collisional-radiative
modelling is used to identify strong electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole
transitions in all ionization stages. These lines can be used for impurity
transport studies and temperature diagnostics in fusion reactors, such as ITER.
Identifications of prominent lines from several W ions were confirmed by
measurement of isoelectronic EUV spectra of Hf, Ta, and Au. We also discuss the
importance of charge exchange recombination for correct description of
ionization balance in the EBIT plasma.


title:
Spectra of W$^{39+}$-W$^{47+}$ in the 12 nm to 20 nm region observed
  with an EBIT light source

abstract:
  We observed spectra of highly ionized tungsten in the extreme ultraviolet
with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) and a grazing incidence spectrometer at
the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Stages of ionization were
distinguished by varying the energy of the electron beam between 2.1 keV and
4.3 keV and correlating the energies with spectral line emergence. The spectra
were calibrated by reference lines of highly ionized iron produced in the EBIT.
Identification of the observed lines was aided by collisional-radiative
modeling of the EBIT plasma. Good quantitative agreement was obtained between
the modeling results and the experimental observations. Our line
identifications complement recent results for W$^{40+}$-W$^{45+}$ observed in a
tokamak plasma by P\"{u}tterich {\it et al} (\jpb {\bf 38}, 3071, 2005). For
most lines we agree with their assignment of ionization stage. Additionally, we
present new identifications for some allowed and forbidden lines of W$^{39+}$,
W$^{44+}$, W$^{46+}$, and W$^{47+}$. The uncertainties of our wavelengths range
from 0.002 nm to 0.010 nm.


title: Compound basis arising from the basic $A^{(1)}_{1}$-module

abstract:
  A new basis for the polynomial ring of infinitely many variables is
constructed which consists of products of Schur functions and Q-functions. The
transition matrix from the natural Schur function basis is investigated.


title:
Abrupt Onset of Second Energy Gap at Superconducting Transition of
  Underdoped Bi2212

abstract:
  The superconducting gap - an energy scale tied to the superconducting
phenomena-opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition
temperature (TC) in conventional BCS superconductors. Quite differently, in
underdoped high-TC superconducting cuprates, a pseudogap, whose relation to the
superconducting gap remains a mystery, develops well above TC. Whether the
pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the
superconducting gap above TC is one of the central questions in high-TC
research. While some experimental evidence suggests they are distinct, this
issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly
establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous
observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as
function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in
underdoped Bi2212 in the momentum space region overlooked in previous
measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu-O bond direction (nodal direction), we
found a gap which opens at TC and exhibits a canonical (BCS-like) temperature
dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov
quasiparticles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp
contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu-O bond direction (antinodal region)
measured in earlier experiments. The emerging two-gap phenomenon points to a
picture of richer quantum configurations in high temperature superconductors.


title: Fine Scale Magnetic Fields in and around a Decaying Active Region

abstract:
  High spatial resolution spectro-polarimetric observation of a decaying spot
was observed with the Diffraction Limited Spectro-Polarimeter. The spatial
resolution achieved was close to the diffraction limit (0."18) of the Dunn
Solar Telescope. The fine scales present inside the decaying active region as
well as surrounding areas were studied. Two interesting phenomenon observed
are: (i) Canopy like structures are likely to be present in the umbral dots as
well as in the light bridges providing evidence for field-free intrusion, (ii)
There are opposite polarity loops present outside of the spot and some of them
connects to the main spot and the surrounding magnetic features.


title: On Quantum Effects Near a Black Hole Singularity

abstract:
  It is pointed out that the claim made by Joshi and Joshi [1], has not been
rigorously demonstrated by them. A simpler and more correct proof is provided.


title: Equivariant Chern characters with generalized coefficients

abstract:
  These notes form the next episode in a series of articles dedicated to a
detailed proof of a cohomological index formula for transversally elliptic
pseudo-differential operators and applications. The first two chapters are
already available as math.DG/0702575 and arXiv:0711.3898. In this episode, we
construct the relative equivariant Chern character of a morphism of vector
bundles, localized by a one form, and we prove a multiplicativity property of
this generalized Chern character


title: 3D/4D ultrasound registration of bone

abstract:
  This paper presents a method to reduce the invasiveness of Computer Assisted
Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) using ultrasound. In this goal, we need to develop a
method for 3D/4D ultrasound registration. The premilinary results of this study
suggest that the development of a robust and ``realtime'' 3D/4D ultrasound
registration is feasible.


title:
High Energy Dispersions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 High Temperature Superconductor
  from Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission

abstract:
  Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES)
measurements have been carried out on the high energy electron dynamics in
Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi2212) high temperature superconductor. Momentum dependent
measurements provide new insights on the nature of high energy kink at 200~400
meV and high energy dispersions. The strong dichotomy between the MDC- and
EDC-derived bands is revealed which raises critical issues about its origin and
which one represents intrinsic band structure. The MDC-derived high energy
features are affected by the high-intensity valence band at higher binding
energy and may not be intrinsic.


title:
Charge Order with Structural Distortion in Organic Conductors:
  Comparison between \theta-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4 and \alpha-(ET)2I3

abstract:
  Charge ordering with structural distortion in quasi-two-dimensional organic
conductors \theta-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4 (ET=BEDT-TTF) and \alpha-(ET)2I3 is
investigated theoretically. By using the Hartree-Fock approximation for an
extended Hubbard model which includes both on-site and intersite Coulomb
interactions together with Peierls-type electron-lattice couplings, we examine
the role of lattice degrees of freedom on charge order. It is found that the
experimentally observed, horizontal charge order is stabilized by lattice
distortion in both compounds. In particular, the lattice effect is crucial to
the realization of the charge order in \theta-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4, while the
peculiar band structure whose symmetry is lower than that of
\theta-(ET)2RbZn(SCN)4 in the metallic phase is also an important factor in
\alpha-(ET)2I3 together with the lattice distortion. For \alpha-(ET)2I3, we
obtain a phase transition from a charge-disproportionated metallic phase to the
horizontal charge order with lattice modulations, which is consistent with the
latest X-ray experimental result.


title: Non-Commutative Geometry, Categories and Quantum Physics

abstract:
  After an introduction to some basic issues in non-commutative geometry
(Gel'fand duality, spectral triples), we present a "panoramic view" of the
status of our current research program on the use of categorical methods in the
setting of A.Connes' non-commutative geometry: morphisms/categories of spectral
triples, categorification of Gel'fand duality. We conclude with a summary of
the expected applications of "categorical non-commutative geometry" to
structural questions in relativistic quantum physics: (hyper)covariance,
quantum space-time, (algebraic) quantum gravity.


title: Effect of memory on the prisoner's dilemma game in a square lattice

abstract:
  We have studied the effect of memory on evolution of the prisoner's dilemma
game using square lattice networks. Based on extensive simulations, we found
that the density of cooperators was enhanced by an increasing memory effect for
most parameters. However, we also observed that the density of cooperators
decreased with an increased memory effect in the case of a large memory and
moderate temptation. It is interesting to note that memory makes cooperators
immune from temptation. The strength of protection reaches its maximal value
only for the moderate memory effect.


title:
Non-Cyclic Subgroups of Jacobians of Genus Two Curves with Complex
  Multiplication

abstract:
  Let E be an elliptic curve defined over a finite field. Balasubramanian and
Koblitz have proved that if the l-th roots of unity m_l is not contained in the
ground field, then a field extension of the ground field contains m_l if and
only if the l-torsion points of E are rational over the same field extension.
We generalize this result to Jacobians of genus two curves with complex
multiplication. In particular, we show that the Weil- and the Tate-pairing on
such a Jacobian are non-degenerate over the same field extension of the ground
field.


title:
Magnitude of Magnetic Field Dependence of a Possible Selective Spin
  Filter in ZnSe/Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}Se Multilayer Heterostructure

abstract:
  Spin-polarized transport through a band-gap-matched ZnSe/Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}
Se/ZnSe/Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}Se/ZnSe multilayer structure is investigated. The
resonant transport is shown to occur at different energies for different spins
owing to the split of spin subbands in the paramagnetic layers. It is found
that the polarization of current density can be reversed in a certain range of
magnetic field, with the peak of polarization moving towards a stronger
magnetic field for increasing the width of central ZnSe layer while shifting
towards an opposite direction for increasing the width of paramagnetic layer.
The reversal is limited in a small-size system. A strong suppression of the
spin up component of the current density is present at high magnetic field. It
is expected that such a reversal of the polarization could act as a possible
mechanism for a selective spin filter device.


title: Mirror symmetry for toric Fano manifolds via SYZ transformations

abstract:
  We construct and apply Strominger-Yau-Zaslow mirror transformations to
understand the geometry of the mirror symmetry between toric Fano manifolds and
Landau-Ginzburg models.


title: Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Inverted Type II Semiconductors

abstract:
  The quantum spin Hall (QSH) state is a topologically non-trivial state of
quantum matter which preserves time-reversal symmetry; it has an energy gap in
the bulk, but topologically robust gapless states at the edge. Recently, this
novel effect has been predicted and observed in HgTe quantum wells. In this
work we predict a similar effect arising in Type-II semiconductor quantum wells
made from InAs/GaSb/AlSb. Because of a rare band alignment the quantum well
band structure exhibits an "inverted" phase similar to CdTe/HgTe quantum wells,
which is a QSH state when the Fermi level lies inside the gap. Due to the
asymmetric structure of this quantum well, the effects of inversion symmetry
breaking and inter-layer charge transfer are essential. By standard
self-consistent calculations, we show that the QSH state persists when these
corrections are included, and a quantum phase transition between the normal
insulator and the QSH phase can be electrically tuned by the gate voltage.


title:
Johnson-Nyquist noise and the Casimir force between real metals at
  nonzero temperature

abstract:
  It is well known since a long time that all lossy conductors at finite
temperature display an electronic noise, the Johnson-Nyquist noise, arising
from the thermal agitation of electric charges inside the conductor. The
existence of this noise implies that two nearby discharged conductors at finite
temperature should repel each other, as a result of the electrodynamic
interaction between the Johnson-Nyquist currents in either conductor and the
eddy currents they induce in the other. It is suggested that this force is at
the origin of the recently discovered large repulsive correction to the thermal
Casimir force between two lossy metallic plates. Further support for this
physical picture is obtained by studying a simple system of two linear noisy
antennas. Using elementary concepts from circuit theory, we show that the
repulsive force engendered by the Johnson-Nyquist noise results in the same
kind of thermodynamic inconsistencies found in the Casimir problem. We show
that all inconsistencies are however resolved if account is taken of capacitive
effects associated with the end points of the antennas. Our findings therefore
suggest that capacitive effects resulting from the finite size of the plates,
may be essential for a resolution of the analogous problems met in the thermal
Casimir effect.


title: Dynamical tunneling in mushroom billiards

abstract:
  We study the fundamental question of dynamical tunneling in generic
two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems by considering regular-to-chaotic tunneling
rates. Experimentally, we use microwave spectra to investigate a mushroom
billiard with adjustable foot height. Numerically, we obtain tunneling rates
from high precision eigenvalues using the improved method of particular
solutions. Analytically, a prediction is given by extending an approach using a
fictitious integrable system to billiards. In contrast to previous approaches
for billiards, we find agreement with experimental and numerical data without
any free parameter.


title:
Relative Proportionality for subvarieties of moduli spaces of K3 and
  abelian surfaces

abstract:
  The relative proportionality principle of Hirzebruch and H\"ofer was
discovered in the case of compactified ball quotient surfaces X when studying
curves C in X. It can be expressed as an inequality which attains equality
precisely when C is an induced quotient of a subball. A similar inequality
holds for curves on Hilbert modular surfaces. In this paper we prove a
generalization of this result to subvarieties of Shimura varieties of
orthogonal type, i.e. locally symmetric spaces for the Lie group SO(n,2).
Furthermore we study the ''inverse problem'' of deciding when an arbitrary
subvariety Z of M is of Hodge type, provided it contains sufficiently many
divisors W_i which are of Hodge type and satisfy relative proportionality.


title: Non-Cyclic Subgroups of Jacobians of Genus Two Curves

abstract:
  Let E be an elliptic curve defined over a finite field. Balasubramanian and
Koblitz have proved that if the l-th roots of unity m_l is not contained in the
ground field, then a field extension of the ground field contains m_l if and
only if the l-torsion points of E are rational over the same field extension.
We generalize this result to Jacobians of genus two curves. In particular, we
show that the Weil- and the Tate-pairing are non-degenerate over the same field
extension of the ground field.
  From this generalization we get a complete description of the l-torsion
subgroups of Jacobians of supersingular genus two curves. In particular, we
show that for l>3, the l-torsion points are rational over a field extension of
degree at most 24.


title: Casimir effect in the boundary state formalism

abstract:
  Casimir effect in the planar setting is described using the boundary state
formalism, for general partially reflecting boundaries. It is expressed in
terms of the low-energy degrees of freedom, which provides a large distance
expansion valid for general interacting field theories provided there is a
non-vanishing mass gap. The expansion is written in terms of the scattering
amplitudes, and needs no ultraviolet renormalization. We also discuss the case
when the quantum field has a nontrivial vacuum configuration.


title: Statistical physics of the melting of inhomogeneous DNA

abstract:
  We studied how the inhomogeneity of a sequence affects the phase transition
that takes place at DNA melting. Unlike previous works, which considered
thermodynamic quantities averaged over many different inhomogeneous sequences,
we focused on precise sequences and investigated the succession of local
openings that lead to their dissociation. For this purpose, we performed
Transfer Integral type calculations with two different dynamical models, namely
the heterogeneous Dauxois-Peyrard-Bishop model and the model based on finite
stacking enthalpies we recently proposed. It appears that, for both models, the
essential effect of heterogeneity is to let different portions of the
investigated sequences open at slightly different temperatures. Besides this
macroscopic effect, the local aperture of each portion indeed turns out to be
very similar to that of a homogeneous sequence with the same length. Rounding
of each local opening transition is therefore merely a size effect. For the
Dauxois-Peyrard-Bishop model, sequences with a few thousands base pairs are
still far from the thermodynamic limit, so that it is inappropriate, for this
model, to discuss the order of the transition associated with each local
opening. In contrast, sequences with several hundreds to a few thousands base
pairs are pretty close to the thermodynamic limit for the model we proposed.
The temperature interval where power laws holds is consequently broad enough to
enable the estimation of critical exponents. On the basis of the few examples
we investigated, it seems that, for our model, disorder does not necessarily
induce a decrease of the order of the transition.


title: An Algorithm for Road Coloring

abstract:
  A coloring of edges of a finite directed graph turns the graph into
finite-state automaton. The synchronizing word of a deterministic automaton is
a word in the alphabet of colors (considered as letters) of its edges that maps
the automaton to a single state. A coloring of edges of a directed graph of
uniform outdegree (constant outdegree of any vertex) is synchronizing if the
coloring turns the graph into a deterministic finite automaton possessing a
synchronizing word. The road coloring problem is the problem of synchronizing
coloring of a directed finite strongly connected graph of uniform outdegree if
the greatest common divisor of the lengths of all its cycles is one. The
problem posed in 1970 had evoked a noticeable interest among the specialists in
the theory of graphs, automata, codes, symbolic dynamics as well as among the
wide mathematical community. A polynomial time algorithm of $O(n^3)$ complexity
in the most worst case and quadratic in majority of studied cases for the road
coloring of the considered graph is presented below. The work is based on
recent positive solution of the road coloring problem. The algorithm was
implemented in the package TESTAS


title: Toward the unification of the postulates of Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  In this paper we are going to introduce a new dynamical postulate in Quantum
Mechanics. This new principle is defined using path integrals over the set of
normalized wave functions. We will show in a qualitative way that this
postulate is equivalent to the Schrodinger equation and to the measurement
postulates. Then we propose a new set of fundamental postulates for Quantum
Mechanics. In this approach to Quantum Mechanics we separate the fundamental
postulates and the physical interpretation. The fundamental postulates are
abstract mathematical principles. Their physical interpretation depend on the
physical system under study. These postulates do not use the concepts of
measurement device and observer.


title:
Applications of single-qubit rotations in quantum public-key
  cryptography

abstract:
  We discuss cryptographic applications of single-qubit rotations from the
perspective of trapdoor one-way functions and public-key encryption. In
particular, we present an asymmetric cryptosystem whose security relies on
fundamental principles of quantum physics. A quantum public key is used for the
encryption of messages while decryption is possible by means of a classical
private key only. The trapdoor one-way function underlying the proposed
cryptosystem maps integer numbers to quantum states of a qubit and its
inversion can be infeasible by virtue of the Holevo's theorem.


title: Fluctuation Induced Homochirality

abstract:
  We propose a new mechanism for the achievment of homochirality in life
without any autocatalytic production process. Our model consists of a
spontaneous production together with a recycling cross inhibition in a closed
system.
  It is shown that although the rate equations for this system predict no
chiral symmetry breaking, the stochastic master equation predicts complete
homochirality. This is because the fluctuation induced by the discreteness of
population numbers of participating molecules plays essential roles. This
fluctuation conspires with the recyling cross inhibition to realize the
homochirality.


title:
Thermodynamics of Squashed Kaluza-Klein Black Holes and Black Strings --
  A Comparison of Reference Backgrounds --

abstract:
  We investigate thermodynamics constructed on different background reference
spacetimes for squashed Kaluza-Klein (SqKK) black hole and electrically charged
black string in five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell system. Two spacetimes are
possible to be reference spacetimes giving finite gravitational classical
actions: one is four-dimensional Minkowski times a circle and the other is the
KK monopole. The boundary of the SqKK black hole can not be matched perfectly
to that of the former reference spacetime because of the difference in
topology. However, the resultant classical action coincides with that
calculated by the counterterm subtraction scheme. The boundary of the KK
monopole has the same topology with that of the SqKK black hole and can be
matched to the boundary of the black hole perfectly. The resultant action takes
different value from the result given by using the former reference spacetime.
After a brief review of thermodynamic quantities of the black hole solutions,
we calculate thermodynamic potentials relevant for several thermodynamic
environments. The most stable state is different for each environment: For
example, the KK monopole is the most stable state in isothermal environment
with fixed gravitational tension. On the other hand, when the size of the
extra-dimension is fixed, the Minkowski times a circle is the most stable. It
is shown that these two spacetimes can be reference spacetimes of the
five-dimensional black string.


title: Unparticle effects in photon-photon scattering

abstract:
  Elastic photon-photon scattering can only occur via loop diagrams in the
standard model and is naturally suppressed. Unparticle can induce tree-level
photon-photon scattering through the operator F_{\mu\nu} F^{\mu\nu} O_\U for
spin-0 unparticle or F_{\mu\alpha} F^{\alpha}_{\nu} O^{\mu\nu}_\U for spin-2
unparticle. Due to the peculiar CP-conserving phase \exp(-i d_\U \pi)
associated with the s-channel unparticle propagator, its interference effects
with the t- and u-channels on the total cross section and the angular
distribution are found to be some significance. In addition, we show that the
cross sections via unparticle exchange can be substantially larger than the
standard model contribution.


title: Linearization of germs: regular dependence on the multiplier

abstract:
  We prove that the linearization of a germ of holomorphic map of the type
$F_\lambda(z)=\lambda(z+O(z^2))$ has a $ C^1$--holomorphic dependence on the
multiplier $\lambda$. $C^1$--holomorphic functions are $ C^1$--Whitney smooth
functions, defined on compact subsets and which belong to the kernel of the
$\bar{\partial}$ operator. The linearization is analytic for $|\lambda|\not= 1$
and the unit circle $S^1$ appears as a natural boundary (because of resonances,
i.e. roots of unity). However the linearization is still defined at most points
of $S^1$, namely those points which lie ``far enough from resonances'', i.e.
when the multiplier satisfies a suitable arithmetical condition. We construct
an increasing sequence of compacts which avoid resonances and prove that the
linearization belongs to the associated spaces of ${\cal C}^1$--holomorphic
functions. This is a special case of Borel's theory of uniform monogenic
functions, and the corresponding function space is arcwise-quasianalytic. Among
the consequences of these results, we can prove that the linearization admits
an asymptotic expansion w.r.t. the multiplier at all points of the unit circle
verifying the Brjuno condition: in fact the asymptotic expansion is of Gevrey
type at diophantine points.


title:
The best polynomial bounds for the number of triangles in a simple
  arrangement of n pseudo-lines

abstract:
  It is well-known that affine (respectively projective) simple arrangements of
n pseudo-lines may have at most n(n-2)/3 (respectively n(n-1)/3) triangles.
However, these bounds are reached for only some values of n (mod 6). We provide
the best polynomial bound for the affine and the projective case, and for each
value of n (mod 6).


title: Basic deformation theory of smooth formal schemes

abstract:
  We provide the main results of a deformation theory of smooth formal schemes.
First we deal with the case of global lifting of smooth morphisms. We prove
that the obstruction to the existence of a global lifting lies in a Ext^1
group. Then we study uniqueness and existence of lifting of smooth formal
schemes. The set of isomorphism classes of smooth liftings is classified by a
Ext^1 group and there exists an obstruction in a Ext^2 group whose vanishing
characterizes the existence of smooth liftings.


title: A New Approach to Special Relativity and The Universe

abstract:
  A new approach to special relativity is presented which introduces coordinate
systems with imaginary time axes, observation systems, and coordinate bases.


title:
Models for Quadratic Algebras Associated with Second Order
  Superintegrable Systems in 2D

abstract:
  There are 13 equivalence classes of 2D second order quantum and classical
superintegrable systems with nontrivial potential, each associated with a
quadratic algebra of hidden symmetries. We study the finite and infinite
irreducible representations of the quantum quadratic algebras though the
construction of models in which the symmetries act on spaces of functions of a
single complex variable via either differential operators or difference
operators. In another paper we have already carried out parts of this analysis
for the generic nondegenerate superintegrable system on the complex 2-sphere.
Here we carry it out for a degenerate superintegrable system on the 2-sphere.
We point out the connection between our results and a position dependent mass
Hamiltonian studied by Quesne. We also show how to derive simple models of the
classical quadratic algebras for superintegrable systems and then obtain the
quantum models from the classical models, even though the classical and quantum
quadratic algebras are distinct.


title:
Collapse and revivals of a the photon field in a many-body Landau-Zener
  process

abstract:
  We consider the evolution of a two-level system coupled to a photon field
initially in a coherent state, as the energy of the two-level system is
linearly varied through resonance with the photon field. At a fixed time after
the resonance, the amplitude of the photon field is found to show a collapse
and subsequent revivals as a function of rate of energy variation. Including
decay of the photon field, we find that the observation of such collapse and
revivals is near the technological limit of current cavity QED experiments but
should be achievable.


title: Stable cosmological models driven by a free quantum scalar field

abstract:
  In the mathematically rigorous analysis of semiclassical Einstein's
equations, the renormalisation of the stress-energy tensor plays a crucial
role. We address such a topic in the case of a scalar field with both arbitrary
mass and coupling with gravity in the hypothesis that the underlying algebraic
quantum state is of Hadamard type. Particularly, if we focus on highly
symmetric solutions of the semiclassical Einstein's equations, the envisaged
method displays a de Sitter type behaviour even without an a priori introduced
cosmological constant. As a further novel result we shall show that these
solutions turn out to be stable.


title: Ellipsoidal particles at fluid interfaces

abstract:
  For partially wetting, ellipsoidal colloids trapped at a fluid interface,
their effective, interface--mediated interactions of capillary and
fluctuation--induced type are analyzed. For contact angles different from
90$^o$, static interface deformations arise which lead to anisotropic capillary
forces that are substantial already for micrometer--sized particles. The
capillary problem is solved using an efficient perturbative treatment which
allows a fast determination of the capillary interaction for all distances
between and orientations of two particles. Besides static capillary forces,
fluctuation--induced forces caused by thermally excited capillary waves arise
at fluid interfaces. For the specific choice of a spatially fixed three--phase
contact line, the asymptotic behavior of the fluctuation--induced force is
determined analytically for both the close--distance and the long--distance
regime and compared to numerical solutions.


title: Quantum Field Theory on Star Graphs

abstract:
  We discuss some basic aspects of quantum fields on star graphs, focusing on
boundary conditions, symmetries and scale invariance in particular. We
investigate the four-fermion bulk interaction in detail. Using bosonization and
vertex operators, we solve the model exactly for scale invariant boundary
conditions, formulated in terms of the fermion current and without dissipation.
The critical points are classified and determined explicitly. These results are
applied for deriving the charge and spin transport, which have interesting
physical features.

categories: hep-th cond-mat.mes-hall math-ph math.MP


title:
Mod\'elisation de la propagation dans une structure ferm\'ee
  surdimensionn\'ee

abstract:
  The propagation of an electromagnetic wave in closed structures led to
numerous applications ranging from the characterization of materials in
resonating cavities to the measurements using pregnant reverberant EMF. We
created models to study the existence of electromagnetic waves in large closed
structures. There are two ways of excitation in such structures. One of these
methods is based on continuous excitation with specific resonant modes, which
has a variety of applications. The second method consists of a pulsed
excitation similar to the impulse wave radar. This excitation provides other
information. The structures studied were closed by perfectly conducting walls
and the electromagnetic wave was generated in the structure using dipole
antennas. The dimensions (length, width and height) were always much larger
than the wavelength.


title:
Effect of fatigue on the intra-cycle acceleration in front crawl
  swimming: A time-frequency analysis

abstract:
  The present study analyzes the changes in acceleration produced by swimmers
before and after fatiguing effort. The subjects (n=15) performed a 25-meter
crawl series at maximum speed without fatigue, and a second series with
fatigue. The data were registered with a synchronized system that consisted in
a position transducer (1 kHz) and a video photogrametry (50Hz). The
acceleration (ms-2) was obtained by the derivative analysis of the variation of
the position with time. The amplitude in the time domain was calculated with
the root mean square (RMS); while the peak power (PP), the peak power frequency
(PPF) and the spectrum area (SA) was calculated in the frequency domain with
Fourier analysis. On one hand, the results of the temporal domain show that the
RMS change percentage between series was 67.5% (p<0.001). On the other hand,
PP, PPF, and SA show significant changes (p<0.001). PP and SA were reduced by
63.1% and 59.5%, respectively. Our results show that the acceleration analysis
of the swimmer with Fourier analysis permits a more precise understanding of
which propulsive forces contribute to the swimmer performance before and after
fatigue appears.


title:
Phase transitions induced by variation of invasion rates in spatial
  cyclic predator-prey models with four or six species

abstract:
  Cyclic predator-prey models with four or six species are studied on a square
lattice when the invasion rates are varied. It is found that the cyclic
invasions maintain a self-organizing pattern as long as the deviation of the
invasion rate(s) from a uniform value does not exceed a threshold value. For
larger deviations the system exhibits a continuous phase transition into a
frozen distribution of odd (or even) label species.


title: Quantum periods: A census of \phi^4-transcendentals

abstract:
  Perturbative quantum field theories frequently feature rational linear
combinations of multiple zeta values (periods). In massless \phi^4-theory we
show that the periods originate from certain `primitive' vacuum graphs. Graphs
with vertex connectivity 3 are reducible in the sense that they lead to
products of periods with lower loop order. A new `twist' identity amongst
periods is proved and a list of graphs (the census) with their periods, if
available, is given up to loop order 8.


title: Weak ferromagnetism in Mn nanochains on the CuN surface

abstract:
  We investigate electronic and magnetic structures of the Mn chains supported
on the CuN surface using first-principle LSDA and LDA+U calculations. The
isotropic exchange integrals and anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
between Mn atoms are calculated using Green function formalism. It is shown
that the account of lattice relaxation and on-site Coulomb interaction are
important for accurate description of magnetic properties of the investigated
nanosystems. We predict a weak ferromagnetism phenomenon in the Mn
antiferromagnetic nanochains on the CuN surface. The value of a net magnetic
moment and direction of spin canting are calculated. We show that some
experimental features may be explained using anisotropic exchange interactions.


title:
Theoretical analysis of optimization problems - Some properties of
  random k-SAT and k-XORSAT

abstract:
  This thesis is divided in two parts. The first presents an overview of known
results in statistical mechanics of disordered systems and its approach to
random combinatorial optimization problems. The second part is a discussion of
two original results.
  The first result concerns DPLL heuristics for random k-XORSAT, which is
equivalent to the diluted Ising p-spin model. It is well known that DPLL is
unable to find the ground states in the clustered phase of the problem, i.e.
that it leads to contradictions with probability 1. However, no solid argument
supports this is general. A class of heuristics, which includes the well known
UC and GUC, is introduced and studied. It is shown that any heuristic in this
class must fail if the clause to variable ratio is larger than some constant,
which depends on the heuristic but is always smaller than the clustering
threshold.
  The second result concerns the properties of random k-SAT at large clause to
variable ratios. In this regime, it is well known that the uniform distribution
of random instances is dominated by unsatisfiable instances. A general
technique (based on the Replica method) to restrict the distribution to
satisfiable instances with uniform weight is introduced, and is used to
characterize their solutions. It is found that in the limit of large clause to
variable ratios, the uniform distribution of satisfiable random k-SAT formulas
is asymptotically equal to the much studied Planted distribution.
  Both results are already published and available as arXiv:0709.0367 and
arXiv:cs/0609101 . A more detailed and self-contained derivation is presented
here.


title: A Simple Holographic Model of the Cosmological Constant

abstract:
  We examine a simple theoretical model to estimate (by fine tuning condition)
the value of the cosmological constant. We assume, in analogy with holographic
principle, that cosmological constant, like classical surface tension
coefficient in a liquid drop, does not correspond to a volume (bulk) vacuum
mass (energy) density distribution, but rather to the surface vacuum mass
(energy) density distribution. Then the form of given surface mass distribution
and fine tuning condition imply observed growing (for about 61 order of
magnitude) of the scale factor, from the initial (corresponding to Planck
length), to the recent, at the beginning of the cosmic acceleration
(corresponding to 10 Glyr length).


title: Geometrical approach to SU(2) navigation with Fibonacci anyons

abstract:
  Topological quantum computation with Fibonacci anyons relies on the
possibility of efficiently generating unitary transformations upon
pseudoparticles braiding. The crucial fact that such set of braids has a dense
image in the unitary operations space is well known; in addition, the
Solovay-Kitaev algorithm allows to approach a given unitary operation to any
desired accuracy. In this paper, the latter task is fulfilled with an
alternative method, in the SU(2) case, based on a generalization of the
geodesic dome construction to higher dimension.


title:
High-energy cosmic-ray nuclei from high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray
  bursts and implications for multi-messenger astronomy

abstract:
  Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the candidates of ultra-high-energy
(around 10^18.5 eV) cosmic-ray (UHECR) sources. We investigate high-energy
cosmic-ray acceleration including heavy nuclei in GRBs by using Geant 4, and
discuss its various implications, taking both of high-luminosity (HL) and
low-luminosity (LL) GRBs into account. This is because LL GRBs may also make a
significant contribution to the observed UHECR flux if they form a distinct
population. We show that not only protons but also heavier nuclei can be
accelerated up to ultra-high energies in the internal, (external) reverse and
forward shock models. We also show that the condition for ultra-high-energy
heavy nuclei such as iron to survive is almost the same as that for about TeV
gamma-rays to escape from the source and for high-energy neutrinos not to be
much produced. The multi-messenger astronomy by neutrino and GeV-TeV gamma-ray
telescopes such as IceCube and KM3Net, GLAST and MAGIC will be important to see
whether GRBs can be accelerators of ultra-high-energy heavy nuclei. We also
demonstrate expected spectra of high-energy neutrinos and gamma rays, and
discuss their detectabilities. In addition, we discuss implictaions of the
GRB-UHECR hypothesis. We point out, since the number densities of HL-GRBs and
LL-GRBs are quite different, its detemination by UHECR observations is also
important.


title: Left-symmetric Superalgebra Structures on the Super-Virasoro Algebras

abstract:
  In this paper, we classify the compatible left-symmetric superalgebra
structures on the super-Virasoro algebras satisfying certain natural
conditions.


title: New inequality for Wilson loops from AdS/CFT

abstract:
  The strong subadditivity is the most important inequality which entanglement
entropy satisfies. Based on the AdS/CFT conjecture, entanglement entropy in CFT
is equal to the area of the minimal surface in AdS space. It is known that a
Wilson loop can also be holographically computed from the minimal surface in
AdS space. In this paper, we argue that Wilson loops also satisfy a similar
inequality, and find several evidences of it.


title: Future ASKAP Studies of the Local Volume

abstract:
  The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) will be a powerful instrument for
performing large-scale surveys of galaxies. Its frequency range and large field
of view makes it especially useful for an all-sky survey of Local Volume
galaxies, and will probably increase the number of known galaxies closer than
10 Mpc by a factor of two and increase, by at least an order of magnitude, the
number detected in HI. Implications for our knowledge of the HI mass function
for the very faintest galaxies and for the structure and dynamics of the Local
Volume are discussed.


title:
Structural properties and enthalpy of formation of magnesium hydride
  from quantum Monte Carlo calculations

abstract:
  We have used diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations to study the structural
properties of magnesium hydride (MgH$_2$), including the pressure-volume
equation of state, the cohesive energy and the enthalpy of formation from
magnesium bulk and hydrogen gas. The calculations employ pseudopotentials and
B-spline basis sets to expand the single particle orbitals used to construct
the trial wavefunctions. Extensive tests on system size, time step, and other
sources of errors, performed on periodically repeated systems of up to 1050
atoms, show that all these errors together can be reduced to below 10 meV per
formula unit. We find excellent agreement with the experiments for the
equilibrium volume of both the Mg and the MgH$_2$ crystals. The cohesive energy
of the Mg crystal is found to be 1.51(1) eV, and agrees perfectly with the
experimental value of 1.51 eV. The enthalpy of formation of MgH$_2$ from Mg
bulk and H$_2$ gas is found to be $0.85 \pm 0.01$ eV/formula unit, or $82 \pm
1$ kJ/mole, which is off the experimental one of $76.1 \pm 1$ kJ/mole only by 6
kJ/mole. This shows that DMC can almost achieve chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mole)
on this system. Density functional theory errors are shown to be much larger,
and depend strongly on the functional employed.


title:
The behaviour of solutions of the Gaussian curvature equation near an
  isolated boundary point

abstract:
  A classical result of Nitsche \cite{Nit57} about the behaviour of the
solutions to the Liouville equation $\Delta u=4 e^{2u}$ near isolated
singularities is generalized to solutions of the Gaussian curvature equation
  $\Delta u=- \kappa(z) e^{2u}$ where $\kappa$ is a negative H\"older
continuous function. As an application a higher--order version of the
Yau--Ahlfors--Schwarz lemma for complete conformal Riemannian metrics is
obtained.


title: The Helium and Heavy Elements Enrichment of the Galactic Disk

abstract:
  We present chemical evolution models for the Galactic disk. We also present a
new determination of X, Y, and Z for M17 a Galactic metal-rich Hii region. We
compare our models for the Galactic disk with the Galactic Hii regions
abundances. The $\Delta Y/\Delta O$ ratio predicted from the galactic chemical
evolution model is in very good agreement with the $\Delta Y/\Delta O$ value
derived from M17 and the primordial helium abundance, Yp, taking into account
the presence of temperature variations in this Hii region. From the M17
observations we obtain that $\Delta Y/\Delta Z = 1.97 \pm 0.41$, in excellent
agreement with two $\Delta Y/\Delta Z$ determinations derived from K dwarf
stars of the solar vicinity that amount to $2.1 \pm 0.4$ and $2.1 \pm 0.9$
respectively. We also compare our models with the solar abundances. The solar
and Orion nebula O/H values are in good agreement with our chemical evolution
model.


title:
Asymptotics of the deuteron form factors in the nucleon model and JLab
  experiments

abstract:
  Using the instant form dynamics of Poincar\'e invariant quantum mechanics and
the modified relativistic impulse approximation proposed previously we
calculate asymptotics of electromagnetic form factors for the deuteron
considered as two--nucleon system. We show that today experiment on the elastic
$ed$-scattering has reached asymptotic regime. The possible range of momentum
transfer when the quark degrees of freedom could be seen in future JLab
experiments is estimated. The explicit relation between the behavior of
deuteron wave function at $r=0$ and the form factors asymptotics is obtained.
The conditions on wave functions to give the asymptotics predicted by QCD and
quark counting rules are formulated.


title:
Realization of critical eigenvalues for scalar and symmetric linear
  delay-differential equations

abstract:
  This paper studies the link between the number of critical eigenvalues and
the number of delays in certain classes of delay-differential equations. There
are two main results. The first states that for k purely imaginary numbers
which are linearly independent over the rationals, there exists a scalar
delay-differential equation depending on k fixed delays whose spectrum contains
those k purely imaginary numbers. The second result is a generalization of the
first result for delay-differential equations which admit a characteristic
equation consisting of a product of s factors of scalar type. In the second
result, the k eigenvalues can be distributed amongst the different factors.
Since the characteristic equation of scalar equations contain only exponential
terms, the proof exploits a toroidal structure which comes from the arguments
of the exponential terms in the characteristic equation. Our second result is
applied to delay coupled D_n-symmetric cell systems with one-dimensional cells.
In particular, we provide a general characterization of delay coupled
D_n-symmetric systems with arbitrary number of delays and cell dimension.


title: Evolution of Gas in Galaxies

abstract:
  The SKA will be a unique instrument with which to study the evolution of the
gas content of galaxies. A proposed deep (~8 Msec) 'pencil-beam' survey is
simulated using recently updated specifications for SKA sensitivity and survey
speed. Almost 10^7 galaxies could be detected in the redshifted 21cm line, most
at redshifts in excess of two. This will enable confident statements to be made
about the evolution of the cosmic HI density and the HI mass function to z=3,
corresponding to a lookback time of 11 Gyr. However, galaxies or groups of
galaxies with masses the same as the most HI-massive galaxies at z=0 will be
detectable at redshifts of 6, if they exist. The ideal instrument for studying
HI evolution would have an instantaneous sensitivity at least a factor of two
higher than current specifications in the critical frequency range 200-500 MHz,
or A/T > 2x10^4 m^2/K. The capabilities of the SKA will be highly complementary
to ALMA which will be able to study the evolution of the molecular gas
component over the same redshift range.


title:
Quark mass dependence of the rho and sigma from dispersion relations and
  Chiral Perturbation Theory

abstract:
  We use the one-loop Chiral Perturbation
  Theory pion-pion scattering amplitude and dispersion theory in the form of
the inverse amplitude method, to study the quark mass dependence of the two
lightest resonances of the strong interactions, the f_0(600) (sigma) and the
rho-meson. As main results we find that the rho-pion-pion coupling constant is
almost quark mass independent and that the rho mass shows a smooth quark mass
dependence while that of the sigma shows a strong non-analyticity. These
findings are important for studies of the meson spectrum on the lattice.


title: Characterization of reconnecting vortices in superfluid helium

abstract:
  When two vortices cross, each of them breaks into two parts and exchanges
part of itself for part of the other. This process, called vortex reconnection,
occurs in classical as well as superfluids, and in magnetized plasmas and
superconductors. We present the first experimental observations of reconnection
between quantized vortices in superfluid helium. We do so by imaging
micron-sized solid hydrogen particles trapped on quantized vortex cores (Bewley
GP, Lathrop DP, Sreenivasan KR, 2006, Nature, 441:588), and by inferring the
occurrence of reconnection from the motions of groups of recoiling particles.
We show the distance separating particles on the just-reconnected vortex lines
grows as a power law in time. The average value of the scaling exponent is
approximately 1/2, consistent with the scale-invariant evolution of the
vortices.


title:
Measurement-based approach to entanglement generation in coupled quantum
  dots

abstract:
  Measurements provide a novel mechanism for generating the entanglement
resource necessary for performing scalable quantum computation. Recently, we
proposed a method for performing parity measurements in a coupled quantum dot
system. In this paper we generalise this scheme and perform a comprehensive
analytic and numerical study of environmental factors. We calculate the effects
of possible error sources including non-ideal photon detectors, ineffective
spin-selective excitation and dot distinguishability (both spatial and
spectral). Furthermore, we present an experimental approach for verifying the
success of the parity measurement.


title:
Uses of a small field value which falls from a metastable maximum over
  cosmological times

abstract:
  We consider a small, metastable maximum vacuum expectation value $b_0$ of
order of a few eV, for a pseudoscalar Goldstone-like field, which is related to
the scalar inflaton field $\phi$ in an idealized model of a cosmological,
spontaneously-broken chiral symmetry. The b field allows for relating
semi-quantitatively three distinct quantities in a cosmological context.
  (1) A very small, residual vacuum energy density or effective cosmological
constant of ~ lambda b_0^4 ~ 2.7 x 10^{-47}GeV^4, for lambda ~ 3 x 10^{-14},
the same as an empirical inflaton self-coupling.
  (2) A tiny neutrino mass, less then b_0.
  (3) A possible small variation downward of the proton to electron mass ratio
over cosmological time. The latter arises from the motion downward of the $b$
field over cosmological time, toward a nonzero limiting value as $t \to
\infty$. Such behavior is consistent with an equation of motion.
  We argue that hypothetical b quanta, potentially inducing new long-range
forces, are absent, because of negative, effective squared mass in an equation
of motion for $b$-field fluctuations.


title:
Integrability of exit times and ballisticity for random walks in
  Dirichlet environment

abstract:
  We consider random walks in Dirichlet environment, introduced by Enriquez and
Sabot in 2006. As this distribution on environments is not uniformly elliptic,
the annealed integrability of exit times out of a given finite subset is a
non-trivial property. We provide here an explicit equivalent condition for this
integrability to happen, on general directed graphs. Such integrability
problems arise for instance from the definition of Kalikow auxiliary random
walk. Using our condition, we prove a refined version of the ballisticity
criterion given by Enriquez and Sabot.


title: CN in prestellar cores

abstract:
  Determining the structure of and the velocity field in prestellar cores is
essential to understanding protostellar evolution.} {We have observed the dense
prestellar cores L 1544 and L 183 in the $N = 1 \to 0$ rotational transition of
CN and \thcn in order to test whether CN is depleted in the high--density
nuclei of these cores.} {We have used the IRAM 30 m telescope to observe along
the major and minor axes of these cores. We compare these observations with the
1 mm dust emission, which serves as a proxy for the hydrogen column
density.}{We find that while CN\jone is optically thick, the distribution of
\thcn\jone intensity follows the dust emission well, implying that the CN
abundance does not vary greatly with density. We derive an abundance ratio of
$\rm [CN]/[\hh]=\dix{-9}$ in L 183 and 1-3\tdix{-9} in L 1544, which, in the
case of L 183, is similar to previous estimates obtained by sampling
lower--density regions of the core.}{We conclude that CN is not depleted
towards the high--density peaks of these cores and thus behaves like the
N-containing molecules \nnhp and \nhhh. CN is, to our knowledge, the first
C--containing molecule to exhibit this characteristic.


title:
Acoustic oscillations in a field-free cavity under solar small-scale
  bipolar magnetic canopy

abstract:
  Observations show the increase of high-frequency wave power near magnetic
network cores and active regions in the solar lower atmosphere. This phenomenon
can be explained by the interaction of acoustic waves with a magnetic field. We
consider small-scale, bipolar, magnetic field canopy structure near the network
cores and active regions overlying field-free cylindrical cavities of the
photosphere. Solving the plasma equations we get the analytical dispersion
relation of acoustic oscillations in the field-free cavity area. We found that
the m = 1 mode, where m is azimuthal wave number, cannot be trapped under the
canopy due to energy leakage upwards. However, higher ($m \geq 2$) harmonics
can be easily trapped leading to the observed acoustic power halos under the
canopy.


title: Continuous multilinear functionals on $C(K)$-spaces are integral

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors, due to a crucial error.


title: Quantum Teleportation and Hidden Variables

abstract:
  In this paper we address the question as to what extent the
quantum-mechanical nature of the process is relevant for teleportation of A
spin-1/2 state. For this purpose we analyze the possibility of underpinning
teleportation with a local-hidden-variable model. The nature of the models,
which we consider as legitimate candidates, guarantees the classical character
of all the probabilities which can be deduced from them. When we try to
describe the teleportation process following two different mathematical routes,
we find two different hidden-variable densities, which thus end up having a
doubtful physical significance within the "reality" that a hidden-variable
model tries to restore. This result we consider as a "no-go theorem" for the
hidden-variable description of the teleportation process. We also show that
this kind of conflict arises when considering successive measurements (one of
which is selective projective) for one spin-1/2 particle.


title: The Transverse Electron Scattering Response Function of 3He

abstract:
  The transverse response function R_T(q,omega) for 3He is calculated using the
configuration space BonnA nucleon-nucleon potential, the Tucson-Melbourne
three-body force, and the Coulomb potential. Final states are completely taken
into account via the Lorentz integral transform technique. Non-relativistic
one-body currents plus two-body pi- and rho-meson exchange currents as well as
the Siegert operator are included. The response R_T is calculated for q=174,
250, 400, and 500 MeV/c and in the threshold region at q=174, 324, and 487
MeV/c. Strong MEC effects are found in low- and high-energy tails, but due to
MEC there are also moderate enhancements of the quasi-elastic peak (6%-10%).
The calculation is performed both directly and via transformation of electric
multipoles to a form that involves the charge operator. The contribution of the
latter operator is suppressed in and below the quasielastic peak while at
higher energies the charge operator represents almost the whole MEC
contribution at the lowest q value. The effect of the Coulomb force in the
final state interaction is investigated for the threshold region at q=174
MeV/c. Its neglect enhances R_T by more than 10% in the range up to 2 MeV above
threshold. In comparison to experimental data one finds relatively good
agreement at q=250 and 400 MeV/c, while at q=500 MeV/c, presumably due to
relativistic effects, the theoretical quasi-elastic peak position is shifted to
somewhat higher energies. The strong MEC contributions in the threshold region
are nicely confirmed by data at q=324 and 487 MeV/c.


title: Mathematics as the language of physics

abstract:
  Courses in mathematical methods for physics students are not known for
including too much in the way of mathematical rigour and, in some ways,
understandably so. However, the conditions under which some quite commonly used
mathematical expressions are valid can be of great importance in some physical
circumstances. Here one such expression, which figures frequently in the
manipulations leading to the isothermal compressibility appearing in formulae,
is examined as an illustrative example.


title: Quantum Mechanical Model for Information Transfer from DNA to Protein

abstract:
  A model for the information transfer from DNA to protein using quantum
information and computation techniques is presented. DNA is modeled as the
sender and proteins are modeled as the receiver of this information. On the DNA
side, a 64-dimensional Hilbert space is used to describe the information stored
in DNA triplets (codons). A Hamiltonian matrix is constructed for this space,
using the 64 possible codons as base states. The eigenvalues of this matrix are
not degenerate. The genetic code is degenerate and proteins comprise only 20
different amino acids. Since information is conserved, the information on the
protein side is also described by a 64-dimensional Hilbert space, but the
eigenvalues of the corresponding Hamiltonian matrix are degenerate. Each amino
acid is described by a Hilbert subspace. This change in Hilbert space structure
reflects the nature of the processes involved in information transfer from DNA
to protein.


title: Voids in the distribution of galaxies and the Cosmological constant

abstract:
  With the motivation in mind to evaluate the contribution of the cosmological
constant $\Lambda$ on the foam like patterns formation process in the
distribution of galaxies, we investigate the Newtonian dynamics of a spherical
void embedded in an uniform medium which undergoes a Hubble expansion. We use a
covariant approach for deriving the evolution with time of the shell (S) acting
as a boundaries condition for the inside and outside media. As a result, with
the usual values for the cosmological parameters, S expands with a huge initial
burst that freezes up to matching Hubble flow. With respect to Friedmann
comoving frame, its magnification increases nonlinearly with $\Lambda$, with a
maximal growth rate at redshift $z\sim 1.7$. The velocity field inside S shows
an interesting feature which enables us to disentangle a spatially closed from
open universe. Namely, the void region are swept out in the first case, what
can be interpreted as a stability criterion.


title:
Preprocessing of Hinode/SOT vector magnetograms for nonlinear force-free
  coronal magnetic field modelling

abstract:
  The solar magnetic field is key to understanding the physical processes in
the solar atmosphere.
  Nonlinear force-free codes have been shown to be useful in extrapolating the
coronal field from underlying vector boundary data [see Schrijver et al. 2006
for an overview]. However, we can only measure the magnetic field vector
routinely with high accuracy in the photosphere with, e.g., Hinode/SOT, and
unfortunately these data do not fulfill the force-free consistency condition as
defined by Aly (1989). We must therefore apply some transformations to these
data before nonlinear force-free extrapolation codes can be legitimately
applied. To this end, we have developed a minimization procedure that uses the
measured photospheric field vectors as input to approximate a more
chromospheric like field The method was dubbed preprocessing. See Wiegelmann et
al. 2006 for details]. The procedure includes force-free consistency integrals
and spatial smoothing. The method has been intensively tested with model active
regions [see Metcalf et al. 2008] and been applied to several ground based
vector magnetogram data before. Here we apply the preprocessing program to
photospheric magnetic field measurements with the Hinode/SOT instrument.


title:
Chiral Dynamics and Meson with Non-commutative Dipole Field in
  Gauge/Gravity Dual

abstract:
  Apply the T-duality and smeared twist to the D3-brane solution one can
construct the supergravity backgrounds which may dual to supersymmetric or
non-supersymmetric non-commutative dipole field theory. We introduce D7-brane
probe into the dual supergravity background to study the chiral dynamics and
meson spectrum therein. We first find that the non-commutative dipole field
does not induce the chiral symmetry breaking even if the supersymmetry was
completely broken, contrast to the conventional believing that the chiral
symmetry will be broken in the non-supersymmetric theory. Next, we find that
the dipole field does not modify the meson spectrum in the supersymmetric
theory while it will reduce the meson bound-state energy in the
non-supersymmetric theory. We also evaluate the static quark anti-quark
potential and see that the dipole field has an effect to produce attractive
force between the quark and anti-quark.


title: Accretion properties of T Tauri stars in sigma Ori

abstract:
  Accretion disks around young stars evolve in time with time scales of few
million years. We present here a study of the accretion properties of a sample
of 35 stars in the ~3 million year old star-forming region sigma Ori. Of these,
31 are objects with evidence of disks, based on their IR excess emission. We
use near-IR hydrogen recombination lines (Pa_gamma) to measure their mass
accretion rate. We find that the accretion rates are significantly lower in
sigma Ori than in younger regions, such as rho-Oph, consistently with viscous
disk evolution. The He I 1.083 micron line is detected (either in absorption or
in emission) in 72% of the stars with disks, providing evidence of
accretion-powered activity also in very low accretors, where other accretion
indicators dissapear.


title: Canonic form of linear quaternion functions

abstract:
  The general linear quaternion function of degree one is a sum of terms with
quaternion coefficients on the left and right. The paper considers the canonic
form of such a function, and builds on the recent work of Todd Ell, who has
shown that any such function may be represented using at most four quaternion
coefficients. In this paper, a new and simple method is presented for obtaining
these coefficients numerically using a matrix approach which also gives an
alternative proof of the canonic forms.


title:
Fermi-Dirac-Fokker-Planck equation: well-posedness and long-time
  asymptotics

abstract:
  A Fokker-Planck type equation for interacting particles with exclusion
principle is analysed. The nonlinear drift gives rise to mathematical
difficulties in controlling moments of the distribution function. Assuming
enough initial moments are finite, we can show the global existence of weak
solutions for this problem. The natural associated entropy of the equation is
the main tool to derive uniform in time a priori estimates for the kinetic
energy and entropy. As a consequence, long-time asymptotics in $L^1$ are
characterized by the Fermi-Dirac equilibrium with the same initial mass. This
result is achieved without rate for any constructed global solution and with
exponential rate due to entropy/entropy-dissipation arguments for initial data
controlled by Fermi-Dirac distributions. Finally, initial data below radial
solutions with suitable decay at infinity lead to solutions for which the
relative entropy towards the Fermi-Dirac equilibrium is shown to converge to
zero without decay rate.


title: The low-$T$ phase diagram of ${\rm LiHo_xY_{1-x}F_4}$

abstract:
  The ${\rm LiHo_xY_{1-x}F_4}$ compound is widely considered to be the
archetypal dipolar Quantum Ising system, with longitudinal dipolar interactions
$V_{ij}^{zz}$ between ${\rm Ho}$ spins $\{i,j \}$ competing with transverse
field-induced tunneling, to give a T=0 quantum phase transition. By varying the
${\rm Ho}$ concentration x, the typical strength $V_0$ of $V_{ij}^{zz}$ can be
varied over many orders of magnitude; and so can the transverse field
$H_{\perp}$. A new effective Hamiltonian is derived, starting from the
electronuclear degrees of freedom, and valid at low and intermediate
temperatures. For any such dipolar Quantum Ising system, the hyperfine
interaction will dominate the physics at low temperatures, even if its strength
$A_0 < V_0$: one must therefore go beyond an electronic transverse field
Quantum Ising model. We derive the full phase diagram of this system, including
all nuclear levels, as a function of transverse field $H_{\perp}$, temperature
$T$, and dipole concentration x. For ${\rm LiHo_xY_{1-x}F_4}$ we predict a
re-entrant critical field as a function of x. We also predict the phase diagram
for x$=0.045$, and the behavior of the system in magnetic resonance and $\mu$SR
experiments.


title:
Entropy landscape and non-Gibbs solutions in constraint satisfaction
  problems

abstract:
  We study the entropy landscape of solutions for the bicoloring problem in
random graphs, a representative difficult constraint satisfaction problem. Our
goal is to classify which type of clusters of solutions are addressed by
different algorithms. In the first part of the study we use the cavity method
to obtain the number of clusters with a given internal entropy and determine
the phase diagram of the problem, e.g. dynamical, rigidity and SAT-UNSAT
transitions. In the second part of the paper we analyze different algorithms
and locate their behavior in the entropy landscape of the problem. For instance
we show that a smoothed version of a decimation strategy based on Belief
Propagation is able to find solutions belonging to sub-dominant clusters even
beyond the so called rigidity transition where the thermodynamically relevant
clusters become frozen. These non-equilibrium solutions belong to the most
probable unfrozen clusters.


title:
Probing CP-violation at colliders through interference effects in
  diboson production and decay

abstract:
  We define a CP-asymmetric observable that is sensitive to CP-violating
interactions in the gauge-boson sector. We illustrate the utility of this
observable by studying how well the LHC can measure the coefficient of a
particular dimension-six WWZ operator. We find that sensitivity at the 10^{-3}
level is possible at the LHC with 100 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, which
would greatly exceed the sensitivity achieved at LEP, and would rival or may
even better the indirect sensitivities inferred from related operators
constrained by electric dipole moment experiments.


title: On the derivatives of the Lempert functions

abstract:
  We show that if the Kobayashi--Royden metric of a complex manifold is
continuous and positive at a given point and any non-zero tangent vector, then
the "derivatives" of the higher order Lempert functions exist and equal the
respective Kobayashi metrics at the point. It is a generalization of a result
by M. Kobayashi for taut manifolds.


title:
Transport through correlated quantum dots: An investigation using the
  functional renormalization group

abstract:
  Calculations using the (exact) fermionic functional renormalization group are
usually truncated at the second order of the corresponding hierarchy of coupled
ordinary differential equations. We present a method for the systematic
determination of higher order vertex functions. This method is applied to a
study of transport properties of various correlated quantum dot systems. It is
shown that for large Coulomb correlations higher order vertex functions cannot
be neglected, and a static approximation is insufficient.


title: Light-induced nuclear quadrupolar relaxation in semiconductors

abstract:
  Light excitation of a semiconductor, known to dynamically-polarize the
nuclear spins by hyperfine contact interaction with the photoelectrons, also
generates an intrinsic nuclear depolarization mechanism. This novel relaxation
process arises from the modulation of the nuclear quadrupolar Hamiltonian by
photoelectron trapping and recombination at nearby localized states. For nuclei
near shallow donors, the usual diffusion radius is replaced by a smaller,
quadrupolar, radius. If the light excitation conditions correspond to partial
donor occupation by photoelectrons, the nuclear magnetization and the nuclear
field can be decreased by more than one order of magnitude.


title: Remarks on Lempert functions of balanced domains

abstract:
  This note should clarify how the behavior of certain invariant objects
reflects the geometric convexity of balanced domains.


title:
Bounds on gravitational wave backgrounds from large distance clock
  comparisons

abstract:
  Our spacetime is filled with gravitational wave backgrounds that constitute a
fluctuating environment created by astrophysical and cosmological sources.
Bounds on these backgrounds are obtained from cosmological and astrophysical
data but also by analysis of ranging and Doppler signals from distant
spacecraft. We propose here a new way to set bounds on those backgrounds by
performing clock comparisons between a ground clock and a remote spacecraft
equipped with an ultra-stable clock, rather than only ranging to an onboard
transponder. This technique can then be optimized as a function of the signal
to be measured and the dominant noise sources, leading to significant
improvements on present bounds in a promising frequency range where different
theoretical models are competing. We illustrate our approach using the SAGAS
project which aims to fly an ultra stable optical clock in the outer solar
system.


title:
On the existence and structure of a mush at the inner core boundary of
  the Earth

abstract:
  It has been suggested about 20 years ago that the liquid close to the inner
core boundary (ICB) is supercooled and that a sizable mushy layer has developed
during the growth of the inner core. The morphological instability of the
liquid-solid interface which usually results in the formation of a mushy zone
has been intensively studied in metallurgy, but the freezing of the inner core
occurs in very unusual conditions: the growth rate is very small, and the
pressure gradient has a key role, the newly formed solid being hotter than the
adjacent liquid. We investigate the linear stability of a solidification front
under such conditions, pointing out the destabilizing role of the thermal and
solutal fields, and the stabilizing role of the pressure gradient. The main
consequence of the very small solidification rate is the importance of
advective transport of solute in liquid, which tends to remove light solute
from the vicinity of the ICB and to suppress supercooling, thus acting against
the destabilization of the solidification front. For plausible phase diagrams
of the core mixture, we nevertheless found that the ICB is likely to be
morphologically unstable, and that a mushy zone might have developed at the
ICB. The thermodynamic thickness of the resulting mushy zone can be
significant, from $\sim100$ km to the entire inner core radius, depending on
the phase diagram of the core mixture. However, such a thick mushy zone is
predicted to collapse under its own weight, on a much smaller length scale
($\lesssim 1$ km). We estimate that the interdendritic spacing is probably
smaller than a few tens of meter, and possibly only a few meters.


title: A Search for the Progenitors of Two Type-Ia Supernovae in NGC 1316

abstract:
  Recent evidence of a young progenitor population for many Type-Ia SNe
(SNe-Ia) raises the possibility that evolved intermediate-mass progenitor stars
may be detected in pre-explosion images. NGC 1316, a radio galaxy in the Fornax
cluster, is a prolific producer of SNe-Ia, with four detected since 1980. We
analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pre-explosion images of the sites of two
of the SNe-Ia that exploded in this galaxy, SN2006dd (a normal Type-Ia) and
SN2006mr (likely a subluminous, 1991bg-like, SN-Ia). Astrometric positions are
obtained from optical and near-IR ground-based images of the events. We find no
candidate point sources at either location, and set upper limits on the flux in
B, V, and I from any such progenitors. We also estimate the amount of
extinction that could be present, based on analysis of the surface-brightness
inhomogeneities in the HST images themselves. At the distance of NGC 1316, the
limits correspond to absolute magnitudes of about -5.5, -5.4, and -6.0 mag in
M_B, M_V, and M_I, respectively. Comparison to stellar evolution models argues
against the presence at the SN sites, 3 years prior to the explosion, of normal
stars with initial masses > 6 M_sun at the tip of their asymptotic-giant branch
(AGB) evolution, young post-AGB stars that had initial masses > 4 M_sun, and
post-red-giant stars of initial masses > 9 M_sun.


title: Malliavin calculus and decoupling inequalities in Banach spaces

abstract:
  We develop a theory of Malliavin calculus for Banach space valued random
variables. Using radonifying operators instead of symmetric tensor products we
extend the Wiener-Ito isometry to Banach spaces. In the white noise case we
obtain two sided L^p-estimates for multiple stochastic integrals in arbitrary
Banach spaces. It is shown that the Malliavin derivative is bounded on
vector-valued Wiener-Ito chaoses. Our main tools are decoupling inequalities
for vector-valued random variables. In the opposite direction we use Meyer's
inequalities to give a new proof of a decoupling result for Gaussian chaoses in
UMD Banach spaces.


title:
Calculating Milnor Numbers and Versal Component Dimensions from
  P-Resolution Fans

abstract:
  We use Altmann's toric fan description of P-resolutions to formulate a new
description of deformation theory invariants for two-dimensional cyclic
quotient singularities. In particular, we show how to calculate the dimensions
of the (reduced) versal base space components as well as Milnor numbers of
smoothings over them.


title: Some quantum vertex algebras of Zamolodchikov-Faddeev type

abstract:
  This is a continuation of a previous study of quantum vertex algebras of
Zamolodchikov-Faddeev type. In this paper, we focus our attention on the
special case associated to diagonal unitary rational quantum Yang-Baxter
operators. We prove that the associated weak quantum vertex algebras, if not
zero, are irreducible quantum vertex algebras with a normal basis in a certain
sense.


title: Nonlinear force-free modeling of the solar coronal magnetic field

abstract:
  The coronal magnetic field is an important quantity because the magnetic
field dominates the structure of the solar corona. Unfortunately direct
measurements of coronal magnetic fields are usually not available. The
photospheric magnetic field is measured routinely with vector magnetographs.
These photospheric measurements are extrapolated into the solar corona. The
extrapolated coronal magnetic field depends on assumptions regarding the
coronal plasma, e.g. force-freeness. Force-free means that all non-magnetic
forces like pressure gradients and gravity are neglected. This approach is well
justified in the solar corona due to the low plasma beta. One has to take care,
however, about ambiguities, noise and non-magnetic forces in the photosphere,
where the magnetic field vector is measured. Here we review different numerical
methods for a nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field extrapolation:
Grad-Rubin codes, upward integration method, MHD-relaxation, optimization and
the boundary element approach. We briefly discuss the main features of the
different methods and concentrate mainly on recently developed new codes.


title:
Production of gamma rays and neutrinos in the dark jets of the
  microquasar SS433

abstract:
  We study the spectral energy distribution of gamma rays and neutrinos in the
precessing microquasar SS433 as a result of pp interactions within its dark
jets. Gamma-ray absorption due to interactions with matter of the extended disk
and of the star is found to be important, as well as absorption caused by the
UV and mid-IR radiation from the equatorial envelopment. We analyze the range
of precessional phases for which this attenuation is at a minimum and the
chances for detection of a gamma-ray signal are enhanced. The power of
relativistic protons in the jets, a free parameter of the model, is constrained
by HEGRA data. This imposes limits on the gamma-ray fluxes to be detected with
instruments such as GLAST, VERITAS and MAGIC II. A future detection of high
energy neutrinos with cubic kilometer telescopes such as IceCube would also
yield important information about acceleration mechanisms that may take place
in the dark jets. Overall, the determination of the ratio of gamma-ray to
neutrino flux will result in a key observational tool to clarify the physics of
heavy jets.


title: Preparing isomerically pure beams of short-lived nuclei at JYFLTRAP

abstract:
  A new procedure to prepare isomerically clean samples of ions with a mass
resolving power of more than 100,000 has been developed at the JYFLTRAP tandem
Penning trap system. The method utilises a dipolar rf-excitation of the ion
motion with separated oscillatory fields in the precision trap. During a
subsequent retransfer to the purification trap, the contaminants are rejected
and as a consequence, the remaining bunch is isomerically cleaned. This
newly-developed method is suitable for very high-resolution cleaning and is at
least a factor of five faster than the methods used so far in Penning trap mass
spectrometry.


title:
A qualitative perspective on the dynamics of a single-Cooper-pair box
  with a phase-damped cavity

abstract:
  In a recent paper Dajka, et.al., [J. Phys. A \textbf{40}, F879 (2007)]
predicted that some composite systems can be entangled forever even if coupled
with a thermal bath. We analyze the transient entanglement of a
single-Cooper-pair box biased by a classical voltage and irradiated by a
quantized field and find the unusual feature that the phase-damped cavity can
lead to a long-lived entanglement. The results show an asymptotic value of the
idempotency defect (concurrence) which embodies coherence loss (entanglement
survival), independent of the interaction development by dependent critically
on environment.


title: TeV Gamma-Ray Astrophysics

abstract:
  The window of TeV Gamma-Ray Astrophysics was opened less than two decades
ago, when the Crab Nebula was detected for the first time. After several years
of development, the technique used by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
like HESS, MAGIC or VERITAS, is now allowing to conduct sensitive observations
in the TeV regime. Water Cherenkov instruments like Milagro are also providing
the first results after years of integration time. Different types of
extragalactic and galactic sources have been detected, showing a variety of
interesting phenomena that are boosting theory in very high energy gamma-ray
astrophysics. Here I review some of the most interesting results obtained up to
now, making special emphasis in the field of X-ray/gamma-ray binaries.


title:
Mach's principle: Exact frame-dragging via gravitomagnetism in perturbed
  Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes with $K = (\pm 1, 0)$

abstract:
  We show that the dragging of the axis directions of local inertial frames by
a weighted average of the energy currents in the universe is exact for all
linear perturbations of any Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe with K =
(+1, -1, 0) and of Einstein's static closed universe. This includes FRW
universes which are arbitrarily close to the Milne Universe, which is empty,
and to the de Sitter universe. Hence the postulate formulated by E. Mach about
the physical cause for the time-evolution of the axis directions of inertial
frames is shown to hold in cosmological General Relativity for linear
perturbations. The time-evolution of axis directions of local inertial frames
(relative to given local fiducial axes) is given experimentally by the
precession angular velocity of gyroscopes, which in turn is given by the
operational definition of the gravitomagnetic field. The gravitomagnetic field
is caused by cosmological energy currents via the momentum constraint. This
equation for cosmological gravitomagnetism is analogous to Ampere's law, but it
holds also for time-dependent situtations. In the solution for an open universe
the 1/r^2-force of Ampere is replaced by a Yukawa force which is of identical
form for FRW backgrounds with $K = (-1, 0).$ The scale of the exponential
cutoff is the H-dot radius, where H is the Hubble rate, and dot is the
derivative with respect to cosmic time. Analogous results hold for energy
currents in a closed FRW universe, K = +1, and in Einstein's closed static
universe.


title: Micellar Crystals in Solution from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

abstract:
  Polymers with both soluble and insoluble blocks typically self-assemble into
micelles, aggregates of a finite number of polymers where the soluble blocks
shield the insoluble ones from contact with the solvent. Upon increasing
concentration, these micelles often form gels that exhibit crystalline order in
many systems. In this paper, we present a study of both the dynamics and the
equilibrium properties of micellar crystals of triblock polymers using
molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that equilibration of single
micelle degrees of freedom and crystal formation occurs by polymer transfer
between micelles, a process that is described by transition state theory. Near
the disorder (or melting) transition, bcc lattices are favored for all
triblocks studied. Lattices with fcc ordering are also found, but only at lower
kinetic temperatures and for triblocks with short hydrophilic blocks. Our
results lead to a number of theoretical considerations and suggest a range of
implications to experimental systems with a particular emphasis on Pluronic
polymers.


title: The Vertical Dust Structure in Spiral Disks

abstract:
  The halo of NGC 891 has been the subject of studies for more than a decade.
One of its most striking features is the large asymmetry in H-$\alpha$
emission. We have taken a quantitative look at this asymmetry at different
wavelengths for the first time. We propose that NGC 891 is intrinsically almost
symmetric, as seen in Spitzer observations, and the large asymmetry in
H-$\alpha$ emission is mostly due to dust attenuation. We quantify the
additional optical depth needed to cause the observed H-$\alpha$ asymmetry. A
comparison of large strips on the North East side of the galaxy with strips
covering the same area in the South West we can quantify and analyze the
asymmetry in the different wavelengths. From the 24 $\mu$m emission we find
that the intrinsic asymmetry in star-formation in NGC 891 is small i.e.,
approximately 30%. The additional asymmetry in H-alpha is modeled as additional
symmetric dust attenuation which extends up to ~ 40'' (1.9 kpc) above the plane
of the galaxy with a mid-plane value of $\tau$=0.8 and a scale height of 0.5
kpc. This observational technique offers the possibility to quantify the
effects of vertical ISM disk stability as an explanation for dust lanes in
massive galaxies Dalcanton et al. (2004).