title: CP violation in charm

abstract:
  CP-violating asymmetries in charm provide a unique probe of physics beyond
the Standard Model. I review several topics relevant to searches for
CP-violation in charmed meson and baryon transitions.


title: Channel Code Design with Causal Side Information at the Encoder

abstract:
  The problem of channel code design for the $M$-ary input AWGN channel with
additive $Q$-ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols
is known causally at the encoder is considered. The code design criterion at
high SNR is derived by defining a new distance measure between the input
symbols of the Shannon's \emph{associated} channel. For the case of
binary-input channel, i.e., M=2, it is shown that it is sufficient to use only
two (out of $2^Q$) input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel in the
encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned. This reduces the
problem of channel code design for the binary-input AWGN channel with known
interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric
channel where the Hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the
performance of the code.


title: Chiral Odd Generalized Parton Distributions in Impact Parameter Space

abstract:
  We investigate the chiral odd generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the
quantum fluctuations of an electron in QED. The light-front wave function
(LFWF) of this system gives a template for the quark spin-one diquark structure
of the valence LFWF of the proton. We express the GPDs in terms of overlaps of
LFWFs and obtain their representation in impact parameter space when the
momentum transfer is purely transverse. We show the spin-orbit correlation
effect of the two-particle LFWF as well as the correlation between the
constituent spin and the transverse spin of the target.


title: Effect of Leptonic CP Phase in nu_mu --> nu_mu Oscillations

abstract:
  In the case of large 1-3 mixing angle as sin^2(2theta13 > 0.03, we
investigate the possibility for measuring the leptonic CP phase by using only
nu_mu --> nu_mu oscillations independently of nu_mu --> nu_e oscillations. As
the result, we find that the CP phase can be measured best around the energy
E=0.43 GeV and the baseline length L=5000km without strongly depending on the
uncertainties of other parameters. In this region, the CP phase effect remains
even after averaging over neutrino energy. We also find that there is the CP
sensitivity even in the short baseline length L < 1000 km if Delta m_{31}^2 is
determined with the uncertainty of about 0.1 . In the T2KK experiment, we
explore the possibility for determining Delta m_{31}^2 by using one baseline
from Tokai to Korea and then measuring the CP phase by using the baseline to
Kamioka. As the result, we find that some information of the CP phase can be
obtained from both measurements.


title: A global view of drug-therapy interactions

abstract:
  Network science is already making an impact on the study of complex systems
and offers a promising variety of tools to understand their formation and
evolution (1-4) in many disparate fields from large communication networks
(5,6), transportation infrastructures (7) and social communities (8,9) to
biological systems (1,10,11). Even though new highthroughput technologies have
rapidly been generating large amounts of genomic data, drug design has not
followed the same development, and it is still complicated and expensive to
develop new single-target drugs. Nevertheless, recent approaches suggest that
multi-target drug design combined with a network-dependent approach and
large-scale systems-oriented strategies (12-14) create a promising framework to
combat complex multigenetic disorders like cancer or diabetes. Here, we
investigate the human network corresponding to the interactions between all US
approved drugs and human therapies, defined by known drug-therapy
relationships. Our results show that the key paths in this network are shorter
than three steps, indicating that distant therapies are separated by a
surprisingly low number of chemical compounds. We also identify a sub-network
composed by drugs with high centrality measures (15), which represent the
structural back-bone of the drug-therapy system and act as hubs routing
information between distant parts of the network. These findings provide for
the first time a global map of the largescale organization of all known drugs
and associated therapies, bringing new insights on possible strategies for
future drug development. Special attention should be given to drugs which
combine the two properties of (a) having a high centrality value and (b) acting
on multiple targets.


title:
Capacity as a Fundamental Metric for Mechanism Design in the Information
  Economy

abstract:
  The auction theory literature has so far focused mostly on the design of
mechanisms that takes the revenue or the efficiency as a yardstick. However,
scenarios where the {\it capacity}, which we define as \textit{``the number of
bidders the auctioneer wants to have a positive probability of getting the
item''}, is a fundamental concern are ubiquitous in the information economy.
For instance, in sponsored search auctions (SSA's) or in online ad-exchanges,
the true value of an ad-slot for an advertiser is inherently derived from the
conversion-rate, which in turn depends on whether the advertiser actually
obtained the ad-slot or not; thus, unless the capacity of the underlying
auction is large, key parameters, such as true valuations and
advertiser-specific conversion rates, will remain unknown or uncertain leading
to inherent inefficiencies in the system. In general, the same holds true for
all information goods/digital goods. We initiate a study of mechanisms, which
take capacity as a yardstick, in addition to revenue/efficiency. We show that
in the case of a single indivisible item one simple way to incorporate capacity
constraints is via designing mechanisms to sell probability distributions, and
that under certain conditions, such optimal probability distributions could be
identified using a Linear programming approach. We define a quantity called
{\it price of capacity} to capture the tradeoff between capacity and
revenue/efficiency. We also study the case of sponsored search auctions.
Finally, we discuss how general such an approach via probability spikes can be
made, and potential directions for future investigations.


title: Sterile neutrino dark matter in warped extra dimensions

abstract:
  We consider a (long-lived) sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a five
dimensional (5D) warped extra dimension model where the fields can live in the
bulk, which is partly motivated from the absence of the absolutely stable
particles in a simple Randall-Sundrum model. The dominant production of the
sterile neutrino can come from the decay of the radion (the scalar field
representing the brane separation) around the electroweak scale. The
suppressions of the 4D parameters due to the warp factor and the small wave
function overlaps in the extra dimension help alleviate the exceeding
fine-tunings typical for a sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a 4D setup.


title: Experimental Prospects for CP and T Violation Studies in Charm

abstract:
  We present the current status of experimental results and prospects for the
determination of CP and T violation in the charm sector. Such measurements have
acquired renewed interest in recent years in view of theoretical work, which
has highlighted the possibility to probe experimental signatures from New
Physics beyond the Standard Model, since the effect of CP violation due to
Standard Model processes is expected to be highly suppressed in D decays. The
current limits of experimental sensitivities for these studies are reaching the
interesting theoretical regimes. We include new measurements from the Belle,
BABAR, and CLEO-c collaborations.


title: Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3D-emission models

abstract:
  (Abridged) We constrain simulated all-sky maps in total intensity, linear
polarization, and rotation measure (RM) by observations. We test a number of
large-scale magnetic field configurations and take the properties of the warm
interstellar medium into account. From a comparison of simulated and observed
maps we are able to constrain the regular large-scale Galactic magnetic field
in the disk and the halo of the Galaxy. The local regular field is 2 microG and
the average random field is about 3 microG. The known local excess of
synchrotron emission originating either from enhanced CR electrons or random
magnetic fields is able to explain the observed high-latitude synchrotron
emission. The thermal electron model (NE2001) in conjunction with a proper
filling factor accounts for the observed optically thin thermal emission and
low frequency absorption by optically thick emission. A coupling factor between
thermal electrons and the random magnetic field component is proposed, which in
addition to the small filling factor of thermal electrons increases small-scale
RM fluctuations and thus accounts for the observed depolarization at 1.4 GHz.
We conclude that an axisymmetric magnetic disk field configuration with
reversals inside the solar circle fits available observations best. Out of the
plane a strong toroidal magnetic field with different signs above and below the
plane is needed to account for the observed high-latitude RMs. Our preferred
3D-model fits the observations better than other models over a wide frequency
range.


title:
Outage-Efficient Downlink Transmission Without Transmit Channel State
  Information

abstract:
  This paper investigates downlink transmission over a quasi-static fading
Gaussian broadcast channel (BC), to model delay-sensitive applications over
slowly time-varying fading channels. System performance is characterized by
outage achievable rate regions. In contrast to most previous work, here the
problem is studied under the key assumption that the transmitter only knows the
probability distributions of the fading coefficients, but not their
realizations. For scalar-input channels, two coding schemes are proposed. The
first scheme is called blind dirty paper coding (B-DPC), which utilizes a
robustness property of dirty paper coding to perform precoding at the
transmitter. The second scheme is called statistical superposition coding
(S-SC), in which each receiver adaptively performs successive decoding with the
process statistically governed by the realized fading. Both B-DPC and S-SC
schemes lead to the same outage achievable rate region, which always dominates
that of time-sharing, irrespective of the particular fading distributions. The
S-SC scheme can be extended to BCs with multiple transmit antennas.


title: Stability of Bose Einstein condensates of hot magnons in YIG

abstract:
  We investigate the stability of the recently discovered room temperature
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of magnons in Ytrrium Iron Garnet (YIG) films.
We show that magnon-magnon interactions depend strongly on the external field
orientation, and that the BEC in current experiments is actually metastable -
it only survives because of finite size effects, and because the BEC density is
very low. On the other hand a strong field applied perpendicular to the sample
plane leads to a repulsive magnon-magnon interaction; we predict that a
high-density magnon BEC can then be formed in this perpendicular field
geometry.


title: Remodeled Relativity Theory

abstract:
  This remodeled form of Einstein's relativity theories retains and
incorporates only experimentally proven principles. It is based on a
generalized law for spinning and rotational motions, which is in fact the
conservation law of momentum vector direction, and can be successfully used for
the precision computation of planetary and lunar orbits. The most fundamental
principles of the remodeled relativity theory are the conservation laws of
energy and momentum. Based on experience of relativity experiments, we adopted
the principles that energy level is the underlying cause for relativistic
effects, and that mass is expressed by the relativistic energy equation from
Einstein. From space age ephemeris generation experience and following nature's
way to conserve energy and momentum, we found reason to replace the concept of
"relativity of all frames" with that of "nature's preferred frame", which
helped us to escape Einstein's dilemma till 1912, when he concluded that 'there
is no way of escape from the consequence of non-Euclidean geometry, if all
frames are permissible'. Einstein formulated gtr as a law for all frames, but
physicists and astronomers have continued to adopt one or other 'ad-hoc'
approach not in full conformity with the basic tenets of gtr/str. Based on
above principles, a comprehensive remodeling led to this theory that uses
Euclidean space to consistently and successfully simulate numerically the
results of all the "well-established" tests of gtr (as in our earlier papers),
and for the precise calculation of relativistic effects observed in case of the
GPS applications, and other tests of str. It combined the essential essence of
gtr/str, and the experience of relativity experiments, and has been shown to
avoid the inadequacies of the former.


title: A magnetization equation for non-equilibrium spin systems

abstract:
  A magnetization equation for a system of spins evolving non-adiabatically and
out of equilibrium is derived without specifying the internal interactions. For
relaxation processes, this equation provides a general form of magnetization
damping. A special case of the spin-spin exchange interaction is considered.


title: Structural and magnetic properties in the ruthenate Bi2.67Pr0.33Ru3O11

abstract:
  An unreported praseodymium substituted phase of the Bi-Ru-O system with
formula Bi2.67Pr0.33Ru3O11was prepared. Its crystal structure and magnetic
properties were investigated. Pr substituted occurs only on one of the two Bi
sites. The magnetism of the compound is essentially dominated by a Pr3+
contribution. A non linear variation of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility
is observed that appears to account for crystal electric field interactions on
the Pr3+ ions.


title:
Effect of mixed alkali-element substitution on structural and magnetic
  properties of praseodymium manganites Pr0.9(Na1-xKx)0.1MnO3

abstract:
  The effect of cationic size mismatch at the A site at constant manganese
valence on the structural and magnetic properties of a perovskite-type
rare-earth manganate was investigated in the Pr0.9(Na1-xKx)0.1MnO3 solid
solution system (0 <= x < 1). All members of this solid solution series are
orthorhombic at room temperature, space group Pbnm. Structural refinements
using the Rietveld method show that the cell volume increases and the static
Jahn-Teller distortion decreases with increasing potassium content x. Magnetic
properties are characterized by strong positive \theta p values, and are
ascribed to a canted ferromagnetic arrangement. The high Curie constant values
in the paramagnetic regime can be explained by a magnetic cluster model of 2-3
Mn ions.


title: Holomorphic dynamics, Painlev\'e VI equation and Character Varieties

abstract:
  We study the monodromy of Painlev\'e VI equation from a dynamical point of
view. This is applied to the description of bounded orbits, and to a proof of
the irreducibility of Painlev\'e VI equation in the sens of Casale and
Malgrange. On our way, we compute the entropy of each element of the monodromy
group, and we precise the dictionary between character varieties and Painlev\'e
equations.


title:
Telegraph-type versus diffusion-type models of turbulent relative
  dispersion

abstract:
  Properties of two equations describing the evolution of the probability
density function (PDF) of the relative dispersion in turbulent flow are
compared by investigating their solutions: the Richardson diffusion equation
with the drift term and the self-similar telegraph equation derived by
Ogasawara and Toh [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 083401 (2006)]. The solution of the
self-similar telegraph equation vanishes at a finite point, which represents
persistent separation of a particle pair, while that of the Richardson equation
extends infinitely just after the initial time. Each equation has a similarity
solution, which is found to be an asymptotic solution of the initial value
problem. The time lag has a dominant effect on the relaxation process into the
similarity solution. The approaching time to the similarity solution can be
reduced by advancing the time of the similarity solution appropriately.
Batchelor scaling, a scaling law relevant to initial separation, is observed
only for the telegraph case. For both models, we estimate the Richardson
constant, based on their similarity solutions.


title:
Non-affine deformations of inherent structure as signature of
  cooperativity in supercooled liquids

abstract:
  We unveil the existence of non-affinely rearranging regions in the inherent
structures (IS) of supercooled liquids by numerical simulations of two- and
three-dimensional model glass formers subject to static shear deformations
combined with local energy minimizations. In the liquid state IS, we find a
broad distribution of rather large rearrangements which are correlated only
over small distances. At low temperatures, the onset of the cooperative
dynamics corresponds to much smaller displacements correlated over larger
distances. This finding indicates the presence of non-affinely rearranging
domains of relevant size in the IS deformation, which can be seen as the static
counterpart of the cooperatively rearranging regions in the dynamics. This idea
provides new insight into possible structural signatures of slow cooperative
dynamics of supercooled liquids and supports the connections with elastic
heterogeneities found in amorphous solids.


title: Notes on Local Grand Unification

abstract:
  Grand unified models in four dimensions typically suffer from the
doublet-triplet splitting problem. This obstacle can be overcome in
higher-dimensional settings, where a non-trivial gauge group topography can
explain the simultaneous appearance of complete standard model generations in
the form of 16-plets of SO(10) and the Higgs fields as split multiplets. In
these notes, the emerging scheme of `local grand unification' and its
realization in the context of orbifold compactifications of the heterotic
string are reviewed.


title:
SU(2) Symmetry and Conservation of Helicity for a Dirac Particle in a
  Static Magnetic Field at First Order

abstract:
  We investigate the spin dynamics and the conservation of helicity in the
first order $S-$matrix of a Dirac particle in any static magnetic field. We
express the dynamical quantities using a coordinate system defined by the three
mutually orthogonal vectors; the total momentum
$\mathbf{k}=\mathbf{p_f}+\mathbf{p_i}$, the momentum transfer
$\mathbf{q}=\mathbf{p_f-p_i}$, and $\mathbf{l}=\mathbf{k\times q}$. We show
that this leads to an alternative symmetric description of the conservation of
helicity in a static magnetic field at first order. In particular, we show that
helicity conservation in the transition can be viewed as the invariance of the
component of the spin along $\mathbf{k}$, and the flipping of its component
along $\mathbf{q}$, just as what happens to the momentum vector of a ball
bouncing off a wall. We also derive a "plug and play" formula for the
transition matrix element where the only reference to the specific field
configuration, and the incident and outgoing momenta is through the kinematical
factors multiplying a general matrix element that is independent of the
specific vector potential present.


title:
Conformal Geometrodynamics: Exact Nonstationary Spherically Symmetric
  Solutions

abstract:
  A nonstationary spherically symmetric problem for conformal geometrodynamics
equations is considered and general exact solutions in quadratures are
obtained. Involvement of Weyl degrees of freedom allows us to consider the
problem with arbitrary initial data, as for the conformal geometrodynamics
equations the Cauchy problem is set up without connections to initial data. The
results of this paper are not confined with the framework of the perturbation
theory and open up new avenues for study of the process of space-time
singularity evolution in time.


title: New Universal Local Feature in the Inflationary Perturbation Spectrum

abstract:
  A model is developed in which the inflaton potential experiences a sudden
small change in its second derivative (the effective mass of the inflaton). An
exact treatment demonstrates that the resulting density perturbation has a
quasi-flat power spectrum with a break in its slope (a step in n_s). The step
in the spectral index is modulated by characteristic oscillations and results
in large running of the spectral index localised over a few e-folds of scales.
A field-theoretic model giving rise to such behaviour of the inflationary
potential is based on a fast phase transition experienced by a second scalar
field weakly coupled to the inflaton. Such a transition is similar to that
which terminates inflation in the hybrid inflationary scenario. This scenario
suggests that the observed running of the spectral index in the WMAP data may
be caused by a fast second order phase transition which occurred during
inflation.


title:
Detection of Very-High Energy Gamma-Rays from the BL Lac Object PG
  1553+113 with the MAGIC Telescope

abstract:
  The MAGIC telescope has observed very-high energy gamma-ray emission from the
BL Lac object PG 1553+113 in 2005 and 2006 at an overall significance is 8.8
sigma. The light curve shows no significant flux variations on a daily
timescale. The flux level during 2005 was, however, significantly higher as
compared to 2006. The differential energy spectrum between approx. 90 GeV and
500 GeV is well described by a power law with a spectral index of -4.2+-0.3.
The photon energy spectrum and spectral modeling allow to pose upper limits of
z=0.74 and z=0.56, respectively, on the yet undetermined redshift of PG
1553+113. Recent VLT observations of this blazar show featureless spectra in
the near-IR, thus no direct redshift could be determined from these
measurements.


title: Strong rigidity of constant curvature Finsler manifolds

abstract:
  Here, an extension of the Obata-Tanno's theorem to Finsler geometry is
established and the following rigidity result is obtained; Every complete
connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically
homeomorphic to an $n$-sphere equipped with a certain Finsler metric, and vise
versa.


title:
Life in the last lane: Star formation and chemical evolution in an
  extremely gas-rich dwarf

abstract:
  We present an analysis of HI, H-alpha, and oxygen abundance data for NGC
3741. This galaxy has a very extended gas disk (~8.8 times the Holmberg
radius), and a dark to luminous (i.e. stellar) mass ratio of ~149, which makes
it one of the ``darkest'' dwarf irregular galaxies known. However its ratio of
baryons (i.e. gas + stellar) mass to dark mass is typical of that in galaxies.
Our new high-resolution HI images of the galaxy show evidence for a large scale
(purely gaseous) spiral arm and central bar. Despite the gaseous spiral feature
and the on-going star formation, we find that the global gas density in NGC
3741 is significantly lower than the Toomre instability criterion. We also find
that the star formation rate is consistent with that expected from the observed
correlations between HI mass and SFR and the global Kennicutt-Schmidt law
respectively. We measure the oxygen abundance to be 12+ log(O/H)=7.66$\pm$0.10,
which is consistent with that expected from the metallicity-luminosity
relation, despite its extreme gas mass ratio. We also examine the issue of
chemical evolution of NGC 3741 in the context of closed-box model of chemical
evolution. The effective oxygen yield of NGC 3741 is consistent with recent
model estimates of closed-box yields, provided one assumes that the gas has
been efficiently mixed all the way to edge of the HI disk (i.e. >8 times the
optical radius). This seems a priori unlikely. On the other hand, using a
sample of galaxies with both interferometric HI maps and chemical abundance
measurements, we find that the effective yield is anti-correlated with the
total dynamical mass, as expected in leaky box models (slightly abridged).


title:
Probing the Nature of the Weakest Intergalactic Magnetic Fields with the
  High Energy Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts

abstract:
  We investigate the delayed, secondary GeV-TeV emission of gamma-ray bursts
and its potential to probe the nature of intergalactic magnetic fields.
Geometrical effects are properly taken into account for the time delay between
primary high energy photons and secondary inverse Compton photons from
electron-positron pairs, which are produced in $\gamma$-$\gamma$ interactions
with background radiation fields and deflected by intervening magnetic fields.
The time-dependent spectra of the delayed emission are evaluated for a wide
range of magnetic field strengths and redshifts. The typical flux and delay
time of secondary photons from bursts at $z \sim 1$ are respectively $\sim
10^{-8}$ GeV cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and $\sim 10^4$ s if the field strengths are
$\sim 10^{-18}$ G, as might be the case in intergalactic void regions. We find
crucial differences between the cases of coherent and tangled magnetic fields,
as well as dependences on the field coherence length.


title:
Artificial viscosity in simulation of shock waves by smoothed particle
  hydrodynamics

abstract:
  The artificial viscosity is reconsidered in smoothed particle hydrodynamics
to prevent inter-particle penetration, unwanted heating, and unphysical
solutions. The coefficients in the Monaghan's standard artificial viscosity are
considered as time variable, and a restriction on them is proposed such that
avoiding the undesired effects in the subsonic regions. The shock formation in
adiabatic and isothermal cases are used to study the ability of this modified
artificial viscosity recipe. The computer experiments show that the proposal
appears to work and the accuracy of this restriction is acceptable.


title:
Strong luminescence quantum efficiency enhancement near prolate metal
  nanoparticles: dipolar versus higher-order modes

abstract:
  We present a theoretical study of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates
of an optical emitter in close proximity to a prolate-shaped metal
nanoparticle. We use the model developed by Gersten and Nitzan, that we correct
for radiative reaction and dynamic depolarization and extend for prolate
particle shapes. We show that prolate-shaped metal nanoparticles can lead to
much higher quantum efficiency enhancements than corresponding spherical
nanoparticles. For properly engineered emitter-nanoparticle geometries, quantum
efficiency enhancements from an initial value of 1% (in absence of the
nanoparticle) to 70% are feasible. We describe the anisotropy-induced
enhancement effects in terms of large field enhancements near the metal tips
that cause strong coupling to the (radiative) dipolar modes. For increasing
particle anisotropy, a strong spectral separation between radiative dipolar and
dark higher-order modes occurs, which leads to higher radiative efficiencies
for anisotropic particles. In addition, we demonstrate that for large (> 100
nm) nanoparticles, the influence of Ohmic losses on plasmon-enhanced
luminescence is substantially reduced, which implies that, if prolate shaped,
even lossy metals such as Al and Cu are suitable materials for optical
nano-antennas.


title: Nombres de Bernoulli et une formule de Ramanujan

abstract:
  In the first part we establish a connection between the Euler-Maclaurin
summation formula and the Rota-Baxter functional equation. In the second part
we give a simple proof of a formula, due to Ramanujan, on the summation of
certain exponential series.


title:
Extracting longitudinal shower development information from crystal
  calorimetry plus tracking

abstract:
  We propose an approach to derive longitudinal shower development information
from the longitudinally unsegmented BABAR electromagnetic calorimeter by using
tracking information. Our algorithm takes advantage of the good
three-dimensional tracking resolution of BABAR, which provides an independent
geometric constraint on the shower as measured in the BABAR crystal
calorimeter. We show that adding the derived longitudinal shower development
information to standard particle identification algorithms significantly
improves the low-momentum separation of pions from electrons and muons. We also
verify that the energy dependence of the electromagnetic shower development we
measure is consistent with the prediction of a standard electromagnetic shower
model.


title:
Inference for stochastic volatility models using time change
  transformations

abstract:
  We address the problem of parameter estimation for diffusion driven
stochastic volatility models through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). To avoid
degeneracy issues we introduce an innovative reparametrisation defined through
transformations that operate on the time scale of the diffusion. A novel MCMC
scheme which overcomes the inherent difficulties of time change transformations
is also presented. The algorithm is fast to implement and applies to models
with stochastic volatility. The methodology is tested through simulation based
experiments and illustrated on data consisting of US treasury bill rates.

categories: stat.ME math.ST q-fin.CP stat.CO stat.TH


title: Likelihood-based inference for correlated diffusions

abstract:
  We address the problem of likelihood based inference for correlated diffusion
processes using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Such a task
presents two interesting problems. First, the construction of the MCMC scheme
should ensure that the correlation coefficients are updated subject to the
positive definite constraints of the diffusion matrix. Second, a diffusion may
only be observed at a finite set of points and the marginal likelihood for the
parameters based on these observations is generally not available. We overcome
the first issue by using the Cholesky factorisation on the diffusion matrix. To
deal with the likelihood unavailability, we generalise the data augmentation
framework of Roberts and Stramer (2001 Biometrika 88(3):603-621) to
d-dimensional correlated diffusions including multivariate stochastic
volatility models. Our methodology is illustrated through simulation based
experiments and with daily EUR /USD, GBP/USD rates together with their implied
volatilities.

categories: q-fin.ST math.ST stat.CO stat.ME stat.TH


title: Cohomologies of superalgebra of pointwise superproduct

abstract:
  We consider associative superalgebra realized on the smooth Grassmann-valued
functions with compact supports in R^n. The lower Hochschild cohomologies of
this superalgebra are found.


title:
Cosmological constant and late transient acceleration of the universe in
  the Horava-Witten Heterotic M-Theory on S^{1}/Z_{2}

abstract:
  Orbifold branes are studied in the framework of the 11-dimensional
Horava-Witten heterotic M-Theory. It is found that the effective cosmological
constant can be easily lowered to its current observational value by the
mechanism of large extra dimensions. The domination of this constant over the
evolution of the universe is only temporarily. Due to the interaction of the
bulk and the branes, the universe will be in its decelerating expansion phase
again in the future, whereby all problems connected with a far future de Sitter
universe are resolved.


title: Hadron Physics with Anti-Protons: The PANDA Experiment at FAIR

abstract:
  The theory of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) reproduces the strong interaction
at distances much shorter than the size of the nucleon. At larger distance
scales, the generation of hadron masses and confinement cannot yet be derived
from first principles on basis of QCD. The ${\bar{\rm P}}$ANDA experiment at
FAIR will address the origin of these phenomena in controlled environments.
Beams of antiprotons together with a multi-purpose and compact detection system
will provide unique tools to perform studies of the strong interaction. This
will be achieved via precision spectroscopy of charmonium and open-charm
states, an extensive search for exotic objects such as glueballs and hybrids,
in-medium and hypernuclei spectroscopy, and more. An overview is given of the
physics program of the ${\bar{\rm P}}$ANDA collaboration.


title:
Magnetic ordering in the striped nickelate La5/3Sr1/3NiO4: A band
  structure point of view

abstract:
  We report on a comprehensive study of the electronic and magnetic structure
of the striped nickelate La5/3Sr1/3NiO4. The investigation is carried out using
band structure calculations based on density functional theory. A magnetic
structure compatible with experiment is obtained from spin-polarized
calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), whereas
inclusion of a local Coulomb interaction in the LDA+U framework results in a
different ground state. The influence of the various interaction parameters is
discussed in detail.


title: Charmonium from Lattice QCD

abstract:
  Charmonium is an attractive system for the application of lattice QCD
methods. While the sub-threshold spectrum has been considered in some detail in
previous works, it is only very recently that excited and higher-spin states
and further properties such as radiative transitions and two-photon decays have
come to be calculated. I report on this recent progress with reference to work
done at Jefferson Lab.


title: Comments on Chemical Potentials in AdS/CFT

abstract:
  We propose a method for identifying holographic chemical potentials of
conserved charges. The guiding principle is the consistency of the
identification with the thermodynamic relations and the Legendre
transformation. We consider the baryon-charge chemical potential as an example,
and explain why the degree of freedom of the constant shift of the bulk U(1)
gauge field is absent when the Legendre transformation is well-defined. The
method proposed here suggests that the definition of the chemical potential may
be more complicated compared with the case of localized charge if we have a
nontrivial charge distribution along the radial direction of the bulk geometry.


title: Preservation of network Degree Distributions from non-uniform failures

abstract:
  There has been a considerable amount of interest in recent years on the
robustness of networks to failures. Many previous studies have concentrated on
the effects of node and edge removals on the connectivity structure of a static
network; the networks are considered to be static in the sense that no
compensatory measures are allowed for recovery of the original structure. Real
world networks such as the world wide web, however, are not static and
experience a considerable amount of turnover, where nodes and edges are both
added and deleted. Considering degree-based node removals, we examine the
possibility of preserving networks from these types of disruptions. We recover
the original degree distribution by allowing the network to react to the attack
by introducing new nodes and attaching their edges via specially tailored
schemes. We focus particularly on the case of non-uniform failures, a subject
that has received little attention in the context of evolving networks. Using a
combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations, we demonstrate
how to preserve the exact degree distribution of the studied networks from
various forms of attack.


title: Optimized network clustering by jumping sub-optimal dendrograms

abstract:
  We propose a method to improve community division techniques in networks that
are based on agglomeration by introducing dendrogram jumping. The method is
based on iterations of sub-optimal dendrograms instead of optimization of each
agglomeration step. We find the algorithm to exhibit excellent scaling behavior
of its computational complexity. In its present form the algorithm scales as
$\mathcal{O} (N^{2})$, but by using more efficient data structures it is
possible to achieve a scaling of $\mathcal{O} (N \log^{2} N)$. We compare our
results with other methods such as the greedy algorithm and the extremal
optimization method. We find modularity values larger than the greedy algorithm
and values comparable to the extremal optimization method.


title: Discrete Kakeya-type problems and small bases

abstract:
  A subset U of a group G is called k-universal if U contains a translate of
every k-element subset of G. We give several nearly optimal constructions of
small k-universal sets, and use them to resolve an old question of Erdos and
Newman on bases for sets of integers, and to obtain several extensions for
other groups.


title:
Asymptotic Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Realistic Links
  under a Honey Comb Topology

abstract:
  We consider the effects of Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing in the
physical interference model for all the successful transmissions of traffic
across the network. New bounds are derived for the capacity of a given random
ad hoc wireless network that reflect packet drop or capture probability of the
transmission links. These bounds are based on a simplified network topology
termed as honey-comb topology under a given routing and scheduling scheme.


title:
Ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of cuprates using
  large scale cluster techniques

abstract:
  The local electronic structures of La2CuO4, three members of the
Yttrium-family (YBa2Cu3O6, YBa2Cu3O7, and YBa2Cu4O8), and to some extent of
Nd2CuO4 have been determined using all-electron ab-initio cluster calculations
for clusters comprising up to thirteen planar copper atoms associated with
their nearest planar and apical oxygen atoms. Spin-polarized calculations in
the framework of density functional theory have enabled an estimation of the
superexchange couplings J. Electric field gradients at the planar copper sites
are determined and their dependence on the occupation of the various atomic
orbitals are investigated in detail. The changes of the electronic field
gradient and of the occupation of orbitals upon doping are studied and
discussed. Furthermore, magnetic hyperfine fields are evaluated and
disentangled into on-site and transferred contributions, and the chemical
shifts at the copper nucleus are calculated. In general the results are in good
agreement with values deduced from experiments except for the value of the
chemical shift with applied field perpendicular to the CuO2-plane.


title:
Ferroelectric ordering in chiral smectic C^* liquid crystals determined
  by nonchiral intermolecular interactions

abstract:
  General microscopic mechanism of ferroelectric ordering in chiral smectic C*
liquid crystals is considered. It is shown that if the mesogenic molecules have
a sufficiently low symmetry, the spontaneous polarization is proportional to
one of the biaxial vector order parameters of the smectic C phase. This order
parameter may be determined by intermolecular interactions which are not
sensitive to molecular chirality. At the same time, the polarization is also
proportional to a pseudoscalar parameter which vanishes if the molecules are
nonchiral. The general statistical theory of ferroelectric ordering is
illustrated by two particular models. The first model is based on electrostatic
quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, and it enables one to obtain explicit
analytical expressions for the spontaneous polarization. In the second model,
the molecular chirality and polarity are determined by a pair of off-center
nonparallel dipoles. For this case, the spontaneous polarization is calculated
numerically as a function of temperature. The theory provides a more general
interpretation of the previous approaches including the classical Boulder
model.


title: In Ehresmann's footsteps: from Group Geometries to Groupoid Geometries

abstract:
  For a smooth (locally trivial) principal bundle in Ehresmann's sense, the
relation between the commuting vertical and horizontal actions of the
structural Lie group and the structural Lie groupoid (isomorphisms between
vertical fibers) is regarded as a special case of a symmetrical concept of
conjugation between "principal" Lie groupoid actions, allowing possibly
non-locally trivial bundles. A diagrammatic description of this concept via a
symmetric "butterfly diagram" allows its "internalization" in a wide class of
categories (used by "working mathematicians") whenever they are endowed with
two distinguished classes of monomorphisms and epimorphisms mimicking the
properties of embeddings and surjective submersions. As an application, a
general theorem of "universal activation" encompasses in a unified way such
various situations as Palais' theory of globalization for partial action laws,
the realization of non-abelian cocycles (including Haefliger cocycles for
foliations) or the description of the "homogeneous space" attached to an
embedding of Lie groups (still valid for Lie groupoids).


title: A conjugate prior for discrete hierarchical log-linear models

abstract:
  In Bayesian analysis of multi-way contingency tables, the selection of a
prior distribution for either the log-linear parameters or the cell
probabilities parameters is a major challenge. In this paper, we define a
flexible family of conjugate priors for the wide class of discrete hierarchical
log-linear models, which includes the class of graphical models. These priors
are defined as the Diaconis--Ylvisaker conjugate priors on the log-linear
parameters subject to "baseline constraints" under multinomial sampling. We
also derive the induced prior on the cell probabilities and show that the
induced prior is a generalization of the hyper Dirichlet prior. We show that
this prior has several desirable properties and illustrate its usefulness by
identifying the most probable decomposable, graphical and hierarchical
log-linear models for a six-way contingency table.


title: Sums of dilates

abstract:
  The lambda-dilate of a set A is lambda*A={lambda a : a \in A}. We give an
asymptotically sharp lower bound on the size of sumsets of the form
lambda_1*A+...+lambda_k*A for arbitrary integers lambda_1,...,lambda_k and
integer sets A. We also establish an upper bound for such sums, which is
similar to, but often stronger than Plunnecke's inequality.


abstract:
  The alternative approach to QCD analysis of the structure function F2gamma is
presented. It differs from the conventional one by the presence of the terms,
which in conventional approach appear in higher orders. The numerical results
show that this difference is nonnegligible and may play an important role in
the analysis on photon data of the future experiments.


title: Enhancing Sparsity by Reweighted L1 Minimization

abstract:
  It is now well understood that (1) it is possible to reconstruct sparse
signals exactly from what appear to be highly incomplete sets of linear
measurements and (2) that this can be done by constrained L1 minimization. In
this paper, we study a novel method for sparse signal recovery that in many
situations outperforms L1 minimization in the sense that substantially fewer
measurements are needed for exact recovery. The algorithm consists of solving a
sequence of weighted L1-minimization problems where the weights used for the
next iteration are computed from the value of the current solution. We present
a series of experiments demonstrating the remarkable performance and broad
applicability of this algorithm in the areas of sparse signal recovery,
statistical estimation, error correction and image processing. Interestingly,
superior gains are also achieved when our method is applied to recover signals
with assumed near-sparsity in overcomplete representations--not by reweighting
the L1 norm of the coefficient sequence as is common, but by reweighting the L1
norm of the transformed object. An immediate consequence is the possibility of
highly efficient data acquisition protocols by improving on a technique known
as compressed sensing.


title: Weak Basis Transformations and Texture Zeros in the Leptonic Sector

abstract:
  We investigate the physical meaning of some of the texture zeros which appear
in most of the Ansatze on leptonic masses and their mixing. It is shown that
starting from arbitrary lepton mass matrices and making suitable weak basis
transformations one can obtain some of these sets of zeros, which therefore
have no physical content. We then analyse four-zero texture Ansatze where the
charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices have the same structure. The four
texture zeros cannot be obtained simultaneously through weak basis
transformations, so these Ansatze do have physical content. We show that they
can be separated into four classes and study the physical implications of each
class.


title: Microlensing Searches for Planets: Results and Future Prospects

abstract:
  Microlensing is potentially sensitive to multiple-planet systems containing
analogs of all the solar system planets except Mercury, as well as to free
floating planets. I review the landscape of microlensing planet searches,
beginning with an outline of the method itself, and continuing with an overview
of the results that have been obtained to date. Four planets have been detected
with microlensing. I discuss what these detections have taught us about the
frequency of terrestrial and giant planets with separations beyond the ``snow
line.'' I then discuss the near and long-term prospects for microlensing planet
searches, and in particular speculate on the expected returns of
next-generation microlensing experiments both from the ground and from space.
When combined with the results from other complementary surveys, next
generation microlensing surveys can yield an accurate and complete census of
the frequency and properties of essentially all planets with masses greater
than that of Mars.


title: Homomorphisms of abelian varieties over finite fields

abstract:
  These are notes of my lectures at the summer school "Higher-dimensional
geometry over finite fields" in Goettingen, June--July 2007.
  We present a proof of Tate's theorem on homomorphisms of abelian varieties
over finite fields (including the $\ell=p$ case) that is based on a "quaternion
trick". In fact, a a slightly stronger version of those theorems with "finite
coefficients" is proven.


title: Weak Charm Decays with Lattice QCD

abstract:
  In this paper I review the status of lattice QCD calculations of $D$ and
$D_s$ meson decay constants and of $D$ meson semileptonic decay form factors. I
restrict my discussion to results obtained from simulations with $n_f = 2+1$
sea quarks.


title:
Eclipsing binary stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from the
  MACHO project: The Sample

abstract:
  We present a new sample of 4634 eclipsing binary stars in the Large
Magellanic Cloud (LMC), expanding on a previous sample of 611 objects and a new
sample of 1509 eclipsing binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), that
were identified in the light curve database of the MACHO project. We perform a
cross correlation with the OGLE-II LMC sample, finding 1236 matches. A cross
correlation with the OGLE-II SMC sample finds 698 matches. We then compare the
LMC subsamples corresponding to center and the periphery of the LMC and find
only minor differences between the two populations. These samples are
sufficiently large and complete that statistical studies of the binary star
populations are possible.


title: Conformal blocks related to the R-R states in the \hat c =1 SCFT

abstract:
  We derive an explicit form of a family of four-point Neveu-Schwarz blocks
with $\hat c =1,$ external weights $\Delta_i = 1/8$ and arbitrary intermediate
weight. The derivation is based on a set of identities obeyed in the free
superscalar theory by correlation functions of fields satisfying Ramond
condition with respect to the bosonic (dimension 1) and the fermionic
(dimension 1/2) currents.


title: Elliptic recurrence representation of the N=1 Neveu-Schwarz blocks

abstract:
  We apply a suitably generalized method of Al. Zamolodchikov to derive an
elliptic recurrence representation of the Neveu-Schwarz superconformal blocks


title:
NASA tests of Einstein's Universe call for non-empty space physics of
  nonlocal classical matter

abstract:
  LLR and GPB geodetic precessions have tested flatness for
Einsten-Infeld-Hoffmann dynamics of distributed relativistic matter


title: Arens Regularity of Module Actions and the Second Adjoit of a Derivation

abstract:
  In this paper, first we give a simple criterion for the Arens regularity of a
bilinear mapping on normed spaces, which applies in particular to Banach module
actions and then we investigate those conditions under which the second adjoint
of a derivation into a dual Banach module is again a derivation. As a
consequence of the main result, a simple and direct proof for several older
results is also included.


title:
The weighted fusion category algebra and the q-Schur algebra for
  \mathrm{GL}_2(q)

abstract:
  We show that the weighted fusion category algebra of the principal 2-block
$b_0$ of $\mathrm{GL}_2(q)$ is the quotient of the $q$-Schur algebra
$\mathcal{S}_2(q)$ by its socle, for $q$ an odd prime power. As a consequence,
we get a canonical bijection between the set of isomorphism classes of simple
$k\mathrm{GL}_2(q)b_0$-modules and the set of conjugacy classes of
$b_0$-weights in this case.


abstract:
  This version is a significant improvement of the original paper. It includes
a new section where we discuss norm tori in some detail. The new abstract is
the following: In this paper we obtain Chevalley's ambiguous class number
formula for an arbitrary torus T over a global field. The classical formula of
C.Chevalley may be recovered by setting T=G_{m} in our formula. As an
illustration of the general result, we discuss norm tori in detail. A key
ingredient of the proof of our main theorem is the work of X.Xarles on groups
of components of Neron-Raynaud models of tori.


title: Intermediate to low-mass stellar content of Westerlund 1

abstract:
  We have analysed near-infrared NTT/SofI observations of the starburst cluster
Westerlund 1, which is among the most massive young clusters in the Milky Way.
A comparison of colour-magnitude diagrams with theoretical main-sequence and
pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks yields improved extinction and distance
estimates of A_Ks = 1.13+-0.03 mag and d = 3.55+-0.17 kpc (DM = 12.75+-0.10
mag). The pre-main sequence population is best fit by a Palla & Stahler
isochrone for an age of 3.2 Myr, while the main sequence population is in
agreement with a cluster age of 3 to 5 Myr. An analysis of the structural
parameters of the cluster yields that the half-mass radius of the cluster
population increases towards lower mass, indicative of the presence of mass
segregation. The cluster is clearly elongated with an eccentricity of 0.20 for
stars with masses between 10 and 32 Msun, and 0.15 for stars with masses in the
range 3 to 10 Msun. We derive the slope of the stellar mass function for stars
with masses between 3.4 and 27 Msun. In an annulus with radii between 0.75 and
1.5 pc from the cluster centre, we obtain a slope of Gamma = -1.3. Closer in,
the mass function of Westerlund 1 is shallower with Gamma = -0.6. The
extrapolation of the mass function for stars with masses from 0.08 to 120 Msun
yields an initial total stellar mass of ~52,000 Msun, and a present-day mass of
20,000 to 45,000 Msun (about 10 times the stellar mass of the Orion Nebula
Cluster, and 2 to 4 times the mass of the NGC 3603 young cluster), indicating
that Westerlund 1 is the most massive starburst cluster identified to date in
the Milky Way.


title: Color transparency: 33 years and still running

abstract:
  I review history of the color transparency (CT) which started with discovery
of the $J/\psi$ meson, discovery of high energy CT phenomena and the recent
progress in the investigations of CT at intermediate energies.


title: Poincar\'e's inequality and diffusive evolution equations

abstract:
  This paper addresses the question of change of decay rate from exponential to
algebraic for diffusive evolution equations. We show how the behaviour of the
spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian in the two cases yields the passage from
exponential decay in bounded domains to algebraic decay or no decay at all in
the case of unbounded domains. It is well known that such rates of decay exist:
the purpose of this paper is to explain what makes the change in decay happen.
We also discuss what kind of data is needed to obtain various decay rates.


title: Pulsating B-type stars in the young open cluster h Persei (NGC 869)

abstract:
  We announce the discovery of six Beta Cephei stars and many other variable
stars in the young open cluster h Persei (NGC 869). The cluster seems to be
very rich in variable B-type stars, similarly to its twin, Chi Persei (NGC
884).


title: Combined macro- and micro-rheometer for use with Langmuir monolayers

abstract:
  A Langmuir monolayer trough that is equipped for simultaneous microrheology
and standard rheology measurements has been constructed. The central elements
are the trough itself with a full range of optical tools accessing the
air-water interface from below the trough and a portable knife-edge torsion
pendulum that can access the interface from above. The ability to
simultaneously measure the mechanical response of Langmuir monolayers on very
different lengths scales is an important step in for our understanding of the
mechanical response of such systems.


title:
Boron in copper: a perfect misfit in the bulk and cohesion enhancer at a
  grain boundary

abstract:
  Our ab initio study suggests that boron segregation to the Sigma 5(310)[001]
grain boundary should strengthen the boundary up to 1.5 ML coverage (15.24
at/nm^2). The maximal effect is observed at 0.5 ML and corresponds to boron
atoms filling exclusively grain boundary interstices. In copper bulk, B causes
significant distortion both in interstitial and regular lattice sites for which
boron atoms are either too big or too small. The distortion is compensated to
large extent when the interstitial and substitutional boron combine together to
form a strongly bound dumbell. Our prediction is that bound boron impurities
should appear in sizable proportion if not dominate in most experimental
conditions. A large discrepancy between calculated heats of solution and
experimental terminal solubility of B in Cu is found, indicating either a sound
failure of the local density approximation or, more likely, strongly
overestimated solubility limits in the existing B-Cu phase diagram.


title:
Coherent electron-phonon states in suspended quantum dots: decoherence
  and dissipation effects

abstract:
  The dynamics of coherent electron-phonon (el-ph) states is investigated for a
suspended nanostructure. Exact quantum dynamics calculations reveal that
electron and phonons (comprising a thermal bath) couple quantum mechanically to
perform coherent oscillations with periods in the range of tens of nanoseconds,
despite the finite temperature of the phonon bath. Mechanical energy
dissipation due to clamping loss is taken into account in the calculations.
Although the lifetime of the coupled el-ph states decreases with the
temperature, well defined Rabi oscillations are obtained for temperatures up to
100 mK. The dynamics of the coupled electron-phonon state is susceptible to
various forms of external control. For instance, a weak external magnetic field
can be used to control the dynamics of the system, by decoupling the electron
from the phonon bath. The results cast light upon the underlying physics of a
yet unexplored system that could be suitable for novel quantum device
applications.


title:
Boundary S matrix of an open XXZ spin chain with nondiagonal boundary
  terms

abstract:
  Using a recently proposed solution for an open antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 XXZ
quantum spin chain with N (even) spins and two arbitrary boundary parameters at
roots of unity, we compute the boundary scattering amplitudes for one-hole
states. We also deduce the relations between the lattice boundary parameters
appearing in the spin-chain Hamiltonian and the IR (infrared) parameters that
appear in the boundary sine-Gordon S matrix.


title: Reusable Vernam Cipher with Quantum Media

abstract:
  A revised version will be uploaded later.
  In this Letter, it is shown that the one-time-pad key in the Vernam cipher
can be repeatedly used with unconditional security using quantum media. The
security proof is given with two explicit protocols, and the error rate
threshold is analyzed.


title:
Post Main Sequence Orbital Circularization of Binary Stars in the Large
  and Small Magellanic Clouds

abstract:
  We present results from a study of the orbits of eclipsing binary stars (EBs)
in the Magellanic Clouds. The samples comprise 4510 EBs found in the Large
Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by the MACHO project, 2474 LMC EBs found by the OGLE-II
project (of which 1182 are also in the MACHO sample), 1380 in the Small
Magellanic Cloud (SMC) found by the MACHO project, and 1317 SMC EBs found by
the OGLE-II project (of which 677 are also in the MACHO sample); we also
consider the EROS sample of 79 EBs in the bar of the LMC. Statistics of the
phase differences between primary and secondary minima allow us to infer the
statistics of orbital eccentricities within these samples. We confirm the
well-known absence of eccentric orbit in close binary stars. We also find
evidence for rapid circularization in longer period systems when one member
evolves beyond the main sequence, as also found by previous studies.


title: High-energy hadron physics at future facilities

abstract:
  We outline several directions for future investigations of the
three-dimensional structure of nucleon, including multiparton correlations,
color transparency, and branching processes at hadron colliders and at hadron
factories. We also find evidence that pQCD regime for non-vacuum Regge
trajectories sets in for $-t\ge 1 {GeV}^2$ leading to nearly t-independent
trajectories.


title: Three-body scattering in Poincar\'e invariant quantum mechanics

abstract:
  The relativistic three-nucleon problem is formulated by constructing a
dynamical unitary representation of the Poincar\'e group on the three-nucleon
Hilbert space. Two-body interactions are included that preserve the Poincar\'e
symmetry, lead to the same invariant two-body S-matrix as the corresponding
non-relativistic problem, and result in a three-body S-matrix satisfying
cluster properties. The resulting Faddeev equations are solved by direct
integration, without partial waves for both elastic and breakup reactions at
laboratory energies up to 2 Gev.


title: The future of charm physics: a discussion

abstract:
  We closed the CHARM 2007 workshop with a lively panel discussion on the
future of the field. This document presents a summary of the key points, and a
lightly edited transcript of the discussion itself.


title:
Recent star formation in high-redshift early-type galaxies: insights
  from the rest-frame UV

abstract:
  We combine deep UBVRIzJK photometry from the MUSYC survey with redshifts from
the COMBO-17 survey to study the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) properties of 674
high-redshift (0.5<z<1) early-type galaxies, drawn from the Extended Chandra
Deep Field South (E-CDFS). Galaxy morphologies are determined through visual
inspection of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images taken from the GEMS survey.
We harness the sensitivity of the UV to young (<1 Gyrs old) stars to quantify
the recent star formation history of the early-type population. We find
compelling evidence that early-types of all luminosities form stars over the
lifetime of the Universe, although the bulk of their star formation is already
complete at high redshift. Luminous (-23<M(V)<-20.5) early-types form 10-15
percent of their mass after z=1, while their less luminous (M(V)>-20.5)
counterparts form 30-60 percent of their mass in the same redshift range.


title: The Classification of Spun Torus Knots

abstract:
  S. Satoh has defined a construction to obtain a ribbon torus knot given a
welded knot. This construction is known to be surjective. We show that it is
not injective. Using the invariant of the peripheral structure, it is possible
to provide a restriction on this failure of injectivity. In particular we also
provide an algebraic classification of the construction when restricted to
classical knots, where it is equivalent to the torus spinning construction.


title: The Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem and Resource Utilization

abstract:
  We study the dynamics of the "Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem". The problem
is the following: In each period, N agents have to choose between N
restaurants. Agents have a common ranking of the restaurants. Restaurants can
only serve one customer. When more than one customer arrives at the same
restaurant, one customer is chosen at random and is served; the others do not
get the service. We first introduce the one-shot versions of the Kolkata Paise
Restaurant problem which we call one-shot KPR games. We then study the dynamics
of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem (which is a repeated game version of
any given one shot KPR game) for large N. For statistical analysis, we explore
the long time steady state behavior. In many such models with myopic agents we
get under-utilization of resources, that is, we get a lower aggregate payoff
compared to the social optimum. We study a number of myopic strategies,
focusing on the average occupation fraction of restaurants.


title: Decay Rate Statistics of Unstable Classically Chaotic Systems

abstract:
  Decay law of a complicated unstable state formed in a high energy collision
is described by the Fourier transform of the two-point correlation function of
the scattering matrix. Although each constituent resonance state decays
exponentially the decay of a state composed of a large number of such
interfering resonances is not, generally, exponential. We introduce the decay
rates distribution function by representing the decay law in the form of the
mean-weighted decay exponent. In the framework of the random matrix approach we
investigate the properties of the new distribution function and its relation to
the more conventional statistics of the decay widths. The latter is not in fact
conclusive as concerns the evolution during the time shorter than the
characteristic Heisenberg time. Exact analytical consideration is presented for
the case of systems without time reversal symmetry.


title:
Features of holographic dark energy under the combined cosmological
  constraints

abstract:
  We investigate the observational signatures of the holographic dark energy
models in this paper, including both the original model and a model with an
interaction term between the dark energy and dark matter. We first delineate
the dynamical behavior of such models, especially whether they would have "Big
Rip" for different parameters, then we use several recent observations,
including 182 high-quality type Ia supernovae data observed with the Hubble
Space Telescope, the SNLS and ESSENCE surveys, 42 latest Chandra X-ray cluster
gas mass fraction, 27 high-redshift gamma-ray burst samples, the baryon
acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the CMB
shift parameter from WMAP three years result to give more reliable and tighter
constraints on the holographic dark energy models. The results of our
constraints for the holographic dark energy model without interaction is
$c=0.748^{+0.108}_{-0.009}$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{m0}}=0.276^{+0.017}_{-0.016}$,
and for model with interaction ($c=0.692^{+0.135}_{-0.107}$,
$\Omega_{\mathrm{m0}}=0.281^{+0.017}_{-0.017}$ ,$\alpha=-0.006
^{+0.021}_{-0.024}$, where $\alpha$ is an interacting parameter). As these
models have more parameters than the $\Lambda$CDM model, we use the Bayesian
evidence as a model selection criterion to make comparison. We found that the
holographic dark energy models are mildly favored by the observations compared
with the $\mathrm{\Lambda CDM}$ model.


title: The Symplectic Geometry of Penrose Rhombus Tilings

abstract:
  The purpose of this article is to view Penrose rhombus tilings from the
perspective of symplectic geometry. We show that each thick rhombus in such a
tiling can be naturally associated to a highly singular 4-dimensional compact
symplectic space, while each thin rhombus can be associated to another such
space; both spaces are invariant under the Hamiltonian action of a
2-dimensional quasitorus, and the images of the corresponding moment mappings
give the rhombuses back. These two spaces are diffeomorphic but not
symplectomorphic.


title: A Measurable-Group-Theoretic Solution to von Neumann's Problem

abstract:
  We give a positive answer, in the measurable-group-theory context, to von
Neumann's problem of knowing whether a non-amenable countable discrete group
contains a non-cyclic free subgroup. We also get an embedding result of the
free-group von Neumann factor into restricted wreath product factors.


title:
Local Conservation Laws and the Hamiltonian Formalism for the
  Ablowitz-Ladik Hierarchy

abstract:
  We derive a systematic and recursive approach to local conservation laws and
the Hamiltonian formalism for the Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) hierarchy. Our methods
rely on a recursive approach to the AL hierarchy using Laurent polynomials and
on asymptotic expansions of the Green's function of the AL Lax operator, a
five-diagonal finite difference operator.


title: Light-Front Quantization of the Nielsen-Olesen (Bogomol'nyi) Model

abstract:
  In this work, I consider the light-front quantization of a class of
Nielsen-Olesen (Bogomol'nyi) models in two-space one-time dimensions in the
so-called symmetry phase using the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST
formulations.


title:
Nonlocal Nondegenerate Optical Parametric Amplifier Based on Genuine
  Multipartite Entanglement

abstract:
  We propose a new scheme for realizing nonlocal nondegenerate optical
parametric amplifier by means of genuine four-mode entanglement. The
nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is regarded as a unitary
transformation from two input fields to two outputs. Two inputs and two outputs
are located at the remote stations respectively. Employing off-line four-mode
entanglement, homodyne detection, classical communication and local
displacement, the nonlocal nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier can be
achieved. This scheme can be implemented with a setup that is experimentally
accessible at present.


title:
Controllable density of states in molecular devices: the magnetic effect
  on cyclic molecules

abstract:
  Through the analysis of density of states (DOS), we study two different kinds
of cyclic molecules, a sodium atomic circle and a Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAH) molecule respectively under an external magnetic field. The
results of calculation show that original DOS peaks split into two and the
positions of peaks can be modulated periodically by controlling the magnetic
field. We attribute this phenomenon to the interaction between the molecular
orbital magnetic momentum and the magnetic field. Generally, this effect is
obscure for a usual structure but obvious for the cyclic molecules.


title: The Parisi formula completed

abstract:
  The Parisi formula for the free energy of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model
is completed to a closed-form generating functional. We first find an integral
representation for a solution of the Parisi differential equation and represent
the free energy as a functional of order parameters. Then we set stationarity
equations for local maxima of the free energy determining the order-parameter
function on interval $[0,1]$. Finally we show without resorting to the replica
trick that the solution of the stationarity equations leads to a marginally
stable thermodynamic state.


title: Systematic study of multi-quark states I. qq-qq-\bar{q} configuration

abstract:
  Group theoretic method for the systematic study of multi-quark states is
developed. The calculation of matrix elements of many body Hamiltonian is
simplified by transforming the physical bases (quark cluster bases) to symmetry
bases (group chain classified bases), where the fractional parentage expansion
method can be used. Five quark system is taken as example in this study. The
Jaffe-Wilczek $qq-qq-\bar{q}$ configuration is chosen as one of examples to
construct the physical bases and the transformation coefficients between
physical bases and symmetry ones are shown to be related to the
${SU}_{mn}\supset{SU}_m\times{SU}_n$ isoscalar factors and a complete
transformation coefficients table is given. The needed isoscalar factors and
fractional parentage coefficients had been calculated with our new group
representation theory and published before. Three quark models, the naive
Glashow-Isgur, Salamanca and quark delocalization color screening, are used to
show the general applicability of the new multi-quark calculation method and
general results of constituent quark models for five-quark states are given.


title:
On the possible induced charge on a graphitic nanocone at finite
  temperature

abstract:
  Electronic excitations in a graphitic monolayer (graphene) in the
long-wavelength approximation are characterized by the linear dispersion law,
representing a unique example of the really two-dimensional "ultrarelativistic"
fermionic system which in the presence of topological defects possesses rather
unusual properties. A disclination that rolls up a graphitic sheet into a
nanocone is described by a pointlike pseudomagnetic vortex at the apex of the
cone, and the flux of the vortex is related to the deficit angle of the conical
surface. A general theory of planar relativistic fermionic systems in the
singular vortex background is employed, and we derive the analytical expression
for the charge which is induced at finite temperature on some graphitic
nanocones.


title:
Deterministic generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs in a
  cavity-QED system

abstract:
  We propose a cavity-QED scheme that can deterministically generate
Einstein-Podosky-Rosen polarization-entangled photon pairs. A four-level tripod
atom successively couples to two high-Q optical cavities possessing
polarization degeneracy, assisted by a classical $\pi$-polarized pump field.
The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process in the atom-cavity system is
used to produce the polarization-entangled photon pairs. The proposal is
particularly robust against atomic spontaneous decay, which should have
potential applications in quantum information processing.


title:
Cooperation enhanced by the difference between interaction and learning
  neighborhoods for evolutionary spatial prisoner's dilemma games

abstract:
  We study an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with two layered graphs,
where the lower layer is the physical infrastructure on which the interactions
are taking place and the upper layer represents the connections for the
strategy adoption (learning) mechanism. This system is investigated by means of
Monte Carlo simulations and an extended pair-approximation method. We consider
the average density of cooperators in the stationary state for a fixed
interaction graph, while varying the number of edges in the learning graph.
According to the Monte Carlo simulations, the cooperation is modified
substantially in a way resembling a coherence-resonance-like behavior when the
number of learning edges is increased. This behavior is reproduced by the
analytical results.


title:
Effects of inhomogeneous influence of individuals on an order-disorder
  transition in opinion dynamics

abstract:
  We study the effects of inhomogeneous influence of individuals on collective
phenomena. We focus analytically on a typical model of the majority rule,
applied to the completely connected agents. Two types of individuals $A$ and
$B$ with different influence activity are introduced. The individuals $A$ and
$B$ are distributed randomly with concentrations $\nu$ and $1-\nu$ at the
beginning and fixed further on. Our main result is that the location of the
order-disorder transition is affected due to the introduction of the
inhomogeneous influence. This result highlights the importance of inhomogeneous
influence between different types of individuals during the process of opinion
updating.


title:
Effects of inhomogeneous activity of players and noise on cooperation in
  spatial public goods games

abstract:
  We study the public goods game in the noisy case by considering the players
with inhomogeneous activity teaching on a square lattice. It is shown that the
introduction of the inhomogeneous activity of teaching of the players can
remarkably promote cooperation. By investigating the effects of noise on
cooperative behavior in detail, we find that the variation of cooperator
density $\rho_C$ with the noise parameter $\kappa$ displays several different
behaviors: $\rho_C$ monotonically increases (decreases) with $\kappa$; $\rho_C$
firstly increases (decreases) with $\kappa$ and then it decreases (increases)
monotonically after reaching its maximum (minimum) value, which depends on the
amount of the multiplication factor $r$, on whether the system is homogeneous
or inhomogeneous, and on whether the adopted updating is synchronous or
asynchronous. These results imply that the noise plays an important and
nontrivial role in the evolution of cooperation.


title: Congestion diffusion and decongestion strategy in networked traffic

abstract:
  We study the information traffic in Barab\'asi-Albert scale free networks
wherein each node has finite queue length to store the packets. It is found
that in the case of shortest path routing strategy the networks undergo a first
order phase transition i.e., from a free flow state to full congestion sate,
with the increasing of the packet generation rate. We also incorporate random
effect (namely random selection of a neighbor to deliver packets) as well as a
control method (namely the packet-dropping strategy of the congested nodes
after some delay time $T$) into the routing protocol to test the traffic
capacity of the heterogeneous networks. It is shown that there exists optimal
value of $T$ for the networks to achieve the best handling ability, and the
presence of appropriate random effect also attributes to the performance of the
networks.


title: The Arrow Of Time In The Landscape

abstract:
  We argue that an understanding of the Arrow of Time is urgently required if
recent string-theoretic ideas about cosmology are to be made to function. In
the string Landscape, the nucleation of baby universes is postulated to
"populate" the multiverse. Here we argue that baby universes can only have an
Arrow if they \emph{inherit} one; the problem of explaining the Arrow is thus
reduced to explaining it in the case of the original universe. Motivated by the
Ooguri-Vafa-Verlinde formulation of "creation from nothing" in the context of
string theory, we propose that the original universe was created along a
spacelike surface with the topology of a torus. Using deep results in global
differential geometry, we are able to show that the geometry of this surface
had to be non-generic. This geometric "specialness" is communicated to matter
through the inflaton. Thus we have a theory of the Arrow which is intrinsically
geometric, which incorporates Inflation, and which allows universes in the
Landscape to begin with physically acceptable initial conditions.


title:
Two-dimensional discrete wavelet analysis of multiparticle event
  topology in heavy ion collisions

abstract:
  The event-by-event analysis of multiparticle production in high energy hadron
and nuclei collisions can be performed using the discrete wavelet
transformation. The ring-like and jet-like structures in two-dimensional
angular histograms are well extracted by wavelet analysis. For the first time
the method is applied to the jet-like events with background simulated by event
generators, which are developed to describe nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC
energies. The jet positions are located quite well by the discrete wavelet
transformation of angular particle distribution even in presence of strong
background.


title:
Semiclassical symmetry of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with quadratic
  nonlocal Hamiltonian

abstract:
  The Cauchy problem for the Gross--Pitaevsky equation with quadratic nonlocal
nonlinearity is reduced to a similar problem for the correspondent linear
equation. The relation between symmetry operators of the linear and nonlinear
Gross--Pitaevsky equations is considered.


title: Effective elastic theory of smectic-A and smectic-C liquid crystals

abstract:
  We analytically derive the effective layer elastic energy of smectic-A and
smectic-C liquid crystals by adiabatic elimination of the orientational degree
of freedom from the generalized Chen-Lubensky model. In the smectic-A phase,
the effective layer bending elastic modulus is calculated as a function of the
wavelength of the layer undulation mode. It turns out that an unlocking of the
layer normal and the director reduces the layer bending rigidity for
wavelengths smaller than the director penetration length. In the achiral
smectic-C phase, an anisotropic bending elasticity appears due to the coupling
between the layer displacement and director. The effective layer bending
rigidity is calculated as a function of the angle $\vartheta$ between the layer
undulation wave-vector and the director field. We compute the free energy
minimizer $\vartheta=\theta$. It turns out that $\theta$ varies from $0\deg$ to
$90\deg$ depending on the tilt angle, undulation wave-length and other elastic
constants. We also discover a new important characteristic length and the
discontinuous change of $\theta$. Using the elastic constants of Chen-Lubensky
model, we determine the parameters of the more macroscopic model [Y. Hatwalne
and T. C. Lubensky, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 52}, 6240 (1995)]. We then discuss the
hydrodynamics, and demonstrate the alignment of director and the propagation of
the anisotropic layer displacement wave in the presence of an oscillatory wall
and a vibrating cylindrical source respectively.


title: The Hamiltonian Mean Field model: anomalous or normal diffusion?

abstract:
  We consider the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field
(HMF) model, by focusing in particular on the properties of single-particle
diffusion. As we shall here demonstrate analytically, if the autocorrelation of
momenta in the so-called quasi-stationary states can be fitted by a
q-exponential, then diffusion ought to be normal for q<2, at variance with the
interpretation of the numerical experiments proposed in Refs. A. Pluchino, A.
Rapisarda, Progress in Theoretical Physics Supplement 162, 18 (2006); A.
Pluchino, V. Latora, A. Rapisarda, Physica A 338, 60 (2004); A. Rapisarda, A.
Pluchino, Europhysics News 36, 202 (2005).


title: LHCb status and charm physics program

abstract:
  LHCb is a dedicated flavor physics experiment that will observe the 14 TeV
proton-proton collisions at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Construction of
the LHCb detector is near completion, commissioning of the detector is well
underway, and LHCb will be fully operational and ready to take data in advance
of the projected May 2008 turn-on date for the LHC. The LHCb software trigger
will feature a dedicated channel for events containing D* mesons that will
dramatically enhance the statistical reach of LHCb in many charm physics
measurements. The LHCb charm physics program is initially focused on mixing and
CP violation measurements in two body decay modes of D0. A much broader program
is possible and will be explored as manpower allows. We intend to use both
promptly produced charm and secondary charm from B meson decays in
measurements. Initial studies have focused on using secondary D*+ mesons for
mixing measurements in two body decays. Preliminary Monte Carlo studies
indicate that LHCb may obtain a statistical precision of \sigma(x'^2) = +/-
0.064 x 10^{-3} (stat) and \sigma(y') = +/- 0.87 x 10^{-3} (stat) from a time
dependent mixing analysis of wrong sign two body D0 --> pi- K+ decays and a
statistical precision of \sigma(y_{CP}) = +/- 0.5 x 10^{-3} (stat) from a ratio
of the lifetimes of D0 decays to the final states K- K+ and K- pi+ in 10
fb^{-1} of data.


title:
Topological entropy and blocking cost for geodesics in riemannian
  manifolds

abstract:
  For a pair of points $x,y$ in a compact, riemannian manifold $M$ let
$n_t(x,y)$ (resp. $s_t(x,y)$) be the number of geodesic segments with length
$\leq t$ joining these points (resp. the minimal number of point obstacles
needed to block them). We study relationships between the growth rates of
$n_t(x,y)$ and $s_t(x,y)$ as $t\to\infty$. We derive lower bounds on $s_t(x,y)$
in terms of the topological entropy $h(M)$ and its fundamental group. This
strengthens the results of Burns-Gutkin \cite{BG06} and Lafont-Schmidt
\cite{LS}. For instance, by \cite{BG06,LS}, $h(M)>0$ implies that $s$ is
unbounded; we show that $s$ grows exponentially, with the rate at least
$h(M)/2$.


title:
Electrical control of surface-wave propagation at the planar interface
  of a linear electro-optic materials and an isotropic dielectric material

abstract:
  Surface waves can propagate on the planar interface of a linear electro-optic
(EO) material and an isotropic dielectric material, for restricted ranges of
the orientation angles of the EO material and the refractive index of the
isotropic material. These ranges can be controlled by the application of a dc
electric field, and depend on both the magnitude and the direction of the dc
field. Thus, surface-wave propagation can be electrically controlled by
exploiting the Pockels effect.


title: Some comparison theorems in Finsler-Hadamard manifolds

abstract:
  We give upper and lower bounds for the ratio of the volume of metric ball to
the area of the metric sphere in Finsler-Hadamard manifolds with pinched
S-curvature. We apply these estimates to find the limit at the infinity for
this ratio. Derived estimates are the generalization of the well-known result
in Riemannian geometry. We also estimate the volume growth entropy for the
balls in such manifolds.


title: Unparticle Physics in the Moller Scattering

abstract:
  We investigate the virtual effects of vector unparticles in the Moller
scattering. We derive the analytic expression for scattering amplitudes with
unpolarized beams. We obtain 95% confidence level limits on the unparticle
couplings $\lambda_{V}$ and $\lambda_{A}$ with integrated luminosity of
$L_{int}=50, 500 fb^{-1}$ and $\sqrt{s}=100, 300$ and 500 GeV energies. We show
that limits on $\lambda_{V}$ are more sensitive than $\lambda_{A}$.


title:
Compression of the current sheet and its impact into the reconnection
  rate

abstract:
  Numerical simulations of strongly compressible MHD corresponding to a stellar
atmosphere with substantial gravity and near force-free magnetic fields show
that the current sheet collapses (its width decreasing substantially). As a
result, the reconnection rate increases dramatically.


title:
Diophantine Approximation of non-algebraic points on varieties II:
  Explicit estimates for arithmetic Hilbert Functions

abstract:
  Because of its ineffectiveness, the usual arithmetic Hilbert-Samuel formula
is not applicable in the context of Diophantine Approximation. In order to
overcome this difficulty, the present paper presents explicit estimates for
arithmetic Hilbert Functions of closed subvarieties in projective space.


title: On Optimal 4-Dimensional Metrics

abstract:
  We completely determine, up to homeomorphism, which simply connected compact
oriented 4-manifolds admit scalar-flat, anti-self-dual Riemannian metrics. The
key new ingredient is a proof that the connected sum of five reverse-oriented
complex projective planes admits such metrics.


title:
Applying Software Defect Estimations: Using a Risk Matrix for Tuning
  Test Effort

abstract:
  Applying software defect esimation techniques and presenting this information
in a compact and impactful decision table can clearly illustrate to
collaborative groups how critical this position is in the overall development
cycle. The Test Risk Matrix described here has proven to be a valuable addition
to the management tools and approaches used in developing large scale software
on several releases. Use of this matrix in development planning meetings can
clarify the attendant risks and possible consequences of carrying out or
bypassing specific test activities.


title: Length of parallel curves

abstract:
  We prove that the length difference between a closed periodic curve and its
parallel curve at a sufficiently small distance is proportional to the rotation
index. As an application, the rotation index of a curve could be estimated by
means of Cauchy-Crofton formula.


title: Wavelet-Based Quantum Field Theory

abstract:
  The Euclidean quantum field theory for the fields $\phi_{\Delta x}(x)$, which
depend on both the position $x$ and the resolution $\Delta x$, constructed in
SIGMA 2 (2006), 046, hep-th/0604170, on the base of the continuous wavelet
transform, is considered. The Feynman diagrams in such a theory become finite
under the assumption there should be no scales in internal lines smaller than
the minimal of scales of external lines. This regularisation agrees with the
existing calculations of radiative corrections to the electron magnetic moment.
The transition from the newly constructed theory to a standard Euclidean field
theory is achieved by integration over the scale arguments.


title:
Physics of Atmospheric Electric Discharges in Gases: An Informal
  Introduction

abstract:
  A short account of the physics of electrical discharges in gases is given in
view of its historical evolution and application to planetary atmospheres. As
such it serves as an introduction to the articles on particular aspects of
electric discharges contained in this book, in particular in the chapters on
lightning and the violent discharges which in the recent two decades have been
observed to take place in Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition of briefly
reviewing the early history of gas discharge physics we discuss the main
parameters affecting violent atmospheric discharges like collision frequency,
mean free path and critical electric field strength. Any discharge current in
the atmosphere is clearly carried only by electrons. Above the lower bound of
the mesosphere the electrons must be considered magnetized with the
conductivity becoming a tensor. Moreover, the collisional mean free path in the
upper atmosphere becomes relatively large which lowers the critical electric
field there and more easily enables discharges than at lower altitudes. Finally
we briefly mention the relation of such discharges as sources for wave
emission.


title: Universal relaxation times for electron and nucleon gases

abstract:
  In this paper we calculate the universal relaxation times for electron and
nucleon fermionic gases. We argue that the universal relaxation time tau(i) is
equal tau(i)=h/m square v(i) where v(i)=alpha(i)c and alpha(1)=0.15 for nucleon
gas and alpha(2)=1/137 for electron gas, c=light velocity. With the universal
relaxation time we formulate the thermal Proca equation for fermionic gases.
  Key words: universal relaxation time, thermal universal Proca equation.


title: Kicked rotor quantum resonances in position space

abstract:
  We present an approach of the kicked rotor quantum resonances in
position-space, based on its analogy with the optical Talbot effect. This
approach leads to a very simple picture of the physical mechanism underlying
the dynamics and to analytical expressions for relevant physical quantities,
such as mean momentum or kinetic energy. The ballistic behavior, which is
closely associated to quantum resonances, is analyzed and shown to emerge from
a coherent adding of successive kicks applied to the rotor thanks to a periodic
reconstruction of the spatial wavepacket.

categories: quant-ph nlin.CD physics.atom-ph physics.optics


title:
Darboux transformation of boundary conditions of regular Dirac
  Sturm--Liouville problem

abstract:
  It is shown that boundary conditions of the Darboux transformed Dirac
Sturm--Liouville problem are always zero-valued independently on boundary
conditions of initial problem.


title: Gibbsian theory of power law distributions

abstract:
  It is shown that power law phase space distributions describe marginally
stable Gibbsian equilibria far from thermal equilibrium which are expected to
occur in collisionless plasmas containing fully developed quasi-stationary
turbulence. Gibbsian theory is extended on the fundamental level to
statistically dependent subsystems introducing an `ordering parameter'
$\kappa$. Particular forms for the entropy and partition functions are derived
with super-additive (non-extensive) entropy, and a redefinition of temperature
in such systems is given.


title:
Testing the general relativistic ''no-hair'' theorems using the galactic
  center black hole SgrA*

abstract:
  If a class of stars orbits the central black hole in our galaxy in short
period (~ 0.1 year), high eccentricity (~ 0.9) orbits, they will experience
precessions of their orbital planes induced by both relativistic frame-dragging
and the quadrupolar gravity of the hole, at levels that could be as large as 10
microarcseconds per year, if the black hole is rotating faster than 1/2 of its
maximum rotation rate. Astrometric observations of the orbits of at least two
such stars can in principle lead to a determination of the angular momentum
vector J of the black hole and its quadrupole moment Q_2. This could lead to a
test of the general relativistic no-hair theorems, which demand that Q_2 = -
J^2/M. Future high-precision adaptive infrared optics instruments make make
such a fundamental test of the black-hole paradigm possible.


title:
Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI and IMAGE/LENA observations of energetic
  neutral atoms in Earth and Mars orbit

abstract:
  The low energy neutral atom imagers on Mars Express and IMAGE have revealed
that the neutral atom populations in interplanetary space come from a variety
of sources and challenge our current understanding of heliospheric physics. For
example, both in cruise phase and at Mars, the neutral particle instrument NPD
on Mars Express observed "unexplained neutral beams" unrelated to Mars which
appear to be either of heliospheric or solar wind origin. Likewise, the NPI
instrument on Mars Express has revealed streams of neutral atoms with different
properties than those observed by NPD. Independently, IMAGE/LENA has reported
neutral atom observations that may be interpreted as a "secondary stream"
having different characteristics and flowing from a higher ecliptic longitude
than the nominal upstream direction. Both sets of observations do not appear to
fit in easily with the neutral atom environment from 1.0-1.57 AU as it is
currently understood. In this paper we examine some highly suggestive
similarities in the IMAGE/LENA and Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI data to try to
determine potential origins for the observed signal.


title:
Measurements of K+/-, Ks, Lambda and Lambda-bar and Bose-Einstein
  Correlations between Kaons at ZEUS

abstract:
  Measurements of production of the neutral and charged strange hadrons in ep
collisions with the ZEUS detector are presented. The data on differential cross
sections, baryon-to-meson ratios, baryon-antibaryon asymmetry and Bose-Einstein
correlations in deep inelastic scattering and photoproduction are summarized.


title: Zeon Algebra, Fock Space, and Markov Chains

abstract:
  Fock spaces over zeons are introduced. Trace identities and a noncommutative
"integration-by-parts" formula are developed. As an application, we find a new
criterion, without involving powers of the transition matrix, for a Markov
chain to be ergodic.


title: Quasiisometries between negatively curved Hadamard manifolds

abstract:
  Let X, Y be the universal covers of two compact Riemannian manifolds (with
dimension not equal to 4) with negative sectional curvature. Then every
quasiisometry between them lies at a finite distance from a bilipschitz
homeomorphism.


title: Data Structures for Mergeable Trees

abstract:
  Motivated by an application in computational topology, we consider a novel
variant of the problem of efficiently maintaining dynamic rooted trees. This
variant requires merging two paths in a single operation. In contrast to the
standard problem, in which only one tree arc changes at a time, a single merge
operation can change many arcs. In spite of this, we develop a data structure
that supports merges on an n-node forest in O(log^2 n) amortized time and all
other standard tree operations in O(log n) time (amortized, worst-case, or
randomized depending on the underlying data structure). For the special case
that occurs in the motivating application, in which arbitrary arc deletions
(cuts) are not allowed, we give a data structure with an O(log n) time bound
per operation. This is asymptotically optimal under certain assumptions. For
the even-more special case in which both cuts and parent queries are
disallowed, we give an alternative O(log n)-time solution that uses standard
dynamic trees as a black box. This solution also applies to the motivating
application. Our methods use previous work on dynamic trees in various ways,
but the analysis of each algorithm requires novel ideas. We also investigate
lower bounds for the problem under various assumptions.


title:
Fra\"iss\'e sequences: category-theoretic approach to universal
  homogeneous structures

abstract:
  We develop category-theoretic framework for universal homogeneous objects,
with some applications in the theory of Banach spaces, linear orderings, and in
topology of compact spaces.


title:
Saturated absorption spectroscopy: elimination of crossover resonances
  by use of a nanocell

abstract:
  It is demonstrated that velocity selective optical pumping/saturation
resonances of reduced absorption in a Rb vapor nanocell with thickness
\textit{L=} $\lambda $, 2$\lambda $, and 3$\lambda $ (resonant wavelength
$\lambda $ = 780 nm) allow the complete elimination of crossover (CO)
resonances. We observe well pronounced resonances corresponding to the
F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=2,3,4$ hyperfine transitions of the $^{85}$Rb D$_{2}$
line with linewidths close to the natural width. A small CO resonance located
midway between F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=3$ and F$_{g}=3$ $\to$ F$_{e}=4$
transitions appears only for \textit{L} = 4$\lambda $. The D$_{2}$ line
($\lambda $ = 852 nm) in a Cs nanocell exhibits a similar behavior. From the
amplitude ratio of the CO and VSOP resonances it is possible to determine the
thickness of the column of alkali vapor in the range of 1 - 1000 $\mu $m. The
absence of CO resonances for nanocells with $L \sim \lambda $ is attractive for
frequency reference application and for studying transitions between Zeeman
sublevels in external magnetic fields.


title:
The decomposition of Global Conformal Invariants I: On a conjecture of
  Deser and Schwimmer

abstract:
  This is the first in a series of papers where we prove a conjecture of Deser
and Schwimmer regarding the algebraic structure of ``global confor- mal
invariants"; these are defined to be conformally invariant integrals of
geometric scalars. The conjecture asserts that the integrand of any such
integral can be expressed as a linear combination of a local conformal
invariant, a divergence and of the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet integrand.
  In this paper we set up an iterative procedure that proves the decom-
position. We then derive the iterative step in the first of two cases, subject
to a purely algebraic result which is proven in [6, 7, 8].


title: Adiabatic information transport in the presence of decoherence

abstract:
  We study adiabatic population transfer between discrete positions. Being
closely related to STIRAP in optical systems, this transport is coherent and
robust against variations of experimental parameters. Thanks to these
properties the scheme is a promising candidate for transport of quantum
information in quantum computing. We study the effects of spatially registered
noise sources on the quantum transport and in particular model Markovian
decoherence via non-local coupling to nearby quantum point contacts which serve
as information readouts. We find that the rate of decoherence experienced by a
spatial superposition initially grows with spatial separation but surprisingly
then plateaus. In addition we include non-Markovian effects due to couplings to
nearby two level systems and we find that although the population transport
exhibits robustness in the presence of both types of noise sources, the
transport of a spatial superposition exhibits severe fragility.


title: Naturalness and the Neutrino Matrix

abstract:
  The observed pattern of neutrino mass splittings and mixing angles indicates
that their family structure is significantly different from that of the charged
fermions. We investigate the implications of these data for the fermion mass
matrices in grand unified theories with a type-I seesaw mechanism. We show
that, with simple assumptions, naturalness leads to a strongly hierarchical
Majorana mass matrix for heavy right-handed neutrinos and a partially cascade
form for the Dirac neutrino matrix. We consider various model building
scenarios which could alter this conclusion, and discuss their consequences for
the construction of a natural model. We find that including partially lopsided
matrices can aid us in generating a satisfying model.


title: Recent advances of NMR and NQR studies of YBa2Cu3O7-d and YBa2Cu4O8

abstract:
  Some of recent advances in the NMR and NQR studies of high-Tc superconductors
YBa2Cu3O7-d and YBa2Cu4O8 are presented. The topics concerned are the
understanding of magnetic phase diagram, impurity substitution effects and
vortex core states in the mixed states.


title: Extraction of alpha_s and m_Q from Onia

abstract:
  We briefly review how precise determinations of the strong coupling constant
and of the heavy quark masses may be obtained from heavy quarkonium. Such
determinations are competitive with heavy quark masses extraction from other
systems and give an accurate value for the strong coupling constant at a
relatively low energy scale. In particular we report about a recent
determination of $\als$ from $\Gamma(\Upsilon(1S) \to \gamma
X)/\Gamma(\Upsilon(1S) \to X)$ with CLEO data which includes color octet
contributions and avoids model dependence in the extraction. The obtained value
is $\als (M_{\Upsilon(1S)})= 0.184^{+0.015}_{-0.014}$, which corresponds to
$\als(M_Z) = 0.119^{+0.006}_{-0.005}$. Future prospects for more precise
extractions of the heavy quark masses and $\als$ are discussed.