title:
Polaronic state and nanometer-scale phase separation in colossal
  magnetoresistive manganites

abstract:
  High resolution topographic images obtained by scanning tunneling microscope
in the insulating state of Pr0.68Pb0.32MnO3 single crystals showed regular
stripe-like or zigzag patterns on a width scale of 0.4 - 0.5 nm confirming a
high temperature polaronic state. Spectroscopic studies revealed inhomogeneous
maps of zero-bias conductance with small patches of metallic clusters on length
scale of 2 - 3 nm only within a narrow temperature range close to the
metal-insulator transition. The results give a direct observation of polarons
in the insulating state, phase separation of nanometer-scale metallic clusters
in the paramagnetic metallic state, and a homogeneous ferromagnetic state.


title:
Stability of isentropic viscous shock profiles in the high-Mach number
  limit

abstract:
  By a combination of asymptotic ODE estimates and numerical Evans function
calculations, we establish stability of viscous shock solutions of the
isentropic compressible Navier--Stokes equations with $\gamma$-law pressure (i)
in the limit as Mach number $M$ goes to infinity, for any $\gamma\ge 1$ (proved
analytically), and (ii) for $M\ge 2,500$, $\gamma\in [1,2.5]$ (demonstrated
numerically). This builds on and completes earlier studies by
Matsumura--Nishihara and Barker--Humpherys--Rudd--Zumbrun establishing
stability for low and intermediate Mach numbers, respectively, indicating
unconditional stability, independent of shock amplitude, of viscous shock waves
for $\gamma$-law gas dynamics in the range $\gamma \in [1,2.5]$. Other
$\gamma$-values may be treated similarly, but have not been checked
numerically. The main idea is to establish convergence of the Evans function in
the high-Mach number limit to that of a pressureless, or ``infinitely
compressible'', gas with additional upstream boundary condition determined by a
boundary-layer analysis. Recall that low-Mach number behavior is
incompressible.


title:
The ODE method for some self-interacting diffusions on non-compact
  spaces

abstract:
  Self-interacting diffusions are solutions to SDEs with a drift term depending
on the process and its normalized occupation measure $\mu_t$ (via an
interaction potential and a confinement potential). We establish a relation
between the asymptotic behavior of $\mu_t$ and the asymptotic behavior of a
deterministic dynamical flow (defined on the space of the Borel probability
measures). We extend previous results on $\mathbb{R}^d$ or more generally a
smooth complete connected Riemannian manifold without boundary. We will also
give some sufficient conditions for the convergence of $\mu_t$. Finally, we
will illustrate our study with an example on $\mathbb{R}^2$.


title: The equation w(x,y)=u over free groups

abstract:
  Using the theory developed by Olga Kharlampovich, Alexei Miasnikov, and,
independently, by Zlil Sela to describe the set of homomorphisms of a f.g.
group G into a free group F, we describe the solutions to equations with
coefficients from F and unknowns x,y of the form w(x,y) = u, where u lies in F
and w(x,y) is a word in {x,y}^\{pm 1}. We also give an example of a single
equation whose solutions cannot be described with only one "level" of
automorphisms.


title:
Characteristic length of dynamical reduction models and decay of
  cosmological vacuum

abstract:
  Characteristic length of mass density resolution in dynamical reduction
models is calculated utilizing energy conservation law and viable cosmological
model with decreasing energy density of vacuum (dark energy density). The value
found, $ \sim 10^{-5}$ cm, numerically coincides with phenomenological spatial
short-length cutoff parameter introduced in the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber model. It
seems that our results support the gravity induced mechanism of dynamical
reduction.


title: Fluctuation theorem for black-body radiation

abstract:
  The fluctuation theorem is verified for black-body radiation, provided the
bunching of photons is taken into account appropriately.


title:
Extrapolation of neutron-rich isotope cross-sections from projectile
  fragmentation

abstract:
  Using the measured fragmentation cross sections produced from the 48Ca and
64Ni beams at 140 MeV per nucleon on 9Be and 181Ta targets, we find that the
cross sections of unmeasured neutron rich nuclei can be extrapolated using a
systematic trend involving the average binding energy. The extrapolated
cross-sections will be very useful in planning experiments with neutron rich
isotopes produced from projectile fragmentation. The proposed method is general
and could be applied to other fragmentation systems including those used in
other radioactive ion beam facilities.


title:
Ultrafast optical switching of three-dimensional Si inverse opal
  photonic band gap crystals

abstract:
  We present ultrafast optical switching experiments on 3D photonic band gap
crystals. Switching the Si inverse opal is achieved by optically exciting free
carriers by a two-photon process. We probe reflectivity in the frequency range
of second order Bragg diffraction where the photonic band gap is predicted. We
find good experimental switching conditions for free-carrier plasma frequencies
between 0.3 and 0.7 times the optical frequency: we thus observe a large
frequency shift of up to D omega/omega= 1.5% of all spectral features including
the peak that corresponds to the photonic band gap. We deduce a corresponding
large refractive index change of Dn'_Si/n'_Si= 2.0% and an induced absorption
length that is longer than the sample thickness. We observe a fast decay time
of 21 ps, which implies that switching could potentially be repeated at GHz
rates. Such a high switching rate is relevant to future switching and
modulation applications.


title: What are the Best Hierarchical Descriptors for Complex Networks?

abstract:
  This work reviews several hierarchical measurements of the topology of
complex networks and then applies feature selection concepts and methods in
order to quantify the relative importance of each measurement with respect to
the discrimination between four representative theoretical network models,
namely Erd\"{o}s-R\'enyi, Barab\'asi-Albert, Watts-Strogatz as well as a
geographical type of network. The obtained results confirmed that the four
models can be well-separated by using a combination of measurements. In
addition, the relative contribution of each considered feature for the overall
discrimination of the models was quantified in terms of the respective weights
in the canonical projection into two dimensions, with the traditional
clustering coefficient, hierarchical clustering coefficient and neighborhood
clustering coefficient resulting particularly effective. Interestingly, the
average shortest path length and hierarchical node degrees contributed little
for the separation of the four network models.


title: Is There a Quad Problem among Optical Gravitational Lenses?

abstract:
  Most of optical gravitational lenses recently discovered in the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search (SQLS) have two-images rather than four-images,
in marked contrast to radio lenses for which the fraction of four-image lenses
(quad fraction) is quite high. We revisit the quad fraction among optical
lenses by taking the selection function of the SQLS into account. We find that
the current observed quad fraction in the SQLS is indeed lower than, but
consistent with, the prediction of our theoretical model. The low quad fraction
among optical lenses, together with the high quad fraction among radio lenses,
implies that the quasar optical luminosity function has a relatively shallow
faint end slope.


title: Convergence of the Min-Sum Algorithm for Convex Optimization

abstract:
  We establish that the min-sum message-passing algorithm and its asynchronous
variants converge for a large class of unconstrained convex optimization
problems.


title: Strain gradient induced polarization in SrTiO3 single crystals

abstract:
  Piezoelectricity is inherent only in noncentrosymmetric materials, but a
piezoelectric response can also be obtained in centrosymmetric crystals if
subjected to inhomogeneous deformation. This phenomenon, known as
flexoelectricity, affects the functional properties of insulators, particularly
thin films of high permittivity materials. We have measured
strain-gradient-induced polarization in single crystals of paraelectric
SrTiO$_3$ as a function of temperature and orientation down to and below the
105 K phase transition. Estimates were obtained for all the components of the
flexoelectric tensor, and calculations based on these indicate that local
polarization around defects in SrTiO$_3$ may exceed the largest ferroelectric
polarizations. A sign reversal of the flexoelectric response detected below the
phase transition suggests that the ferroelastic domain walls of SrTiO$_3$ may
be polar.


title: Alice and Bob and Hendrik

abstract:
  This paper offers an alternative approach to discussing both the principle of
relativity and the derivation of the Lorentz transformations. This approach
uses the idea that there may not be a preferred inertial frame through a
privileged access to information about events. In classroom discussions, it has
been my experience that this approach produces some lively arguments.


title: Sums and products in finite fields: an integral geometric viewpoint

abstract:
  We prove that if $A \subset {\Bbb F}_q$ is such that
$$|A|>q^{{1/2}+\frac{1}{2d}},$$ then $${\Bbb F}_q^{*} \subset dA^2=A^2+...+A^2
d \text{times},$$ where $$A^2=\{a \cdot a': a,a' \in A\},$$ and where ${\Bbb
F}_q^{*}$ denotes the multiplicative group of the finite field ${\Bbb F}_q$. In
particular, we cover ${\Bbb F}_q^{*}$ by $A^2+A^2$ if $|A|>q^{{3/4}}$.
Furthermore, we prove that if $$|A| \ge
C_{size}^{\frac{1}{d}}q^{{1/2}+\frac{1}{2(2d-1)}},$$ then $$|dA^2| \ge q \cdot
\frac{C^2_{size}}{C^2_{size}+1}.$$
  Thus $dA^2$ contains a positive proportion of the elements of ${\Bbb F}_q$
under a considerably weaker size assumption.We use the geometry of ${\Bbb
F}_q^d$, averages over hyper-planes and orthogonality properties of character
sums. In particular, we see that using operators that are smoothing on $L^2$ in
the Euclidean setting leads to non-trivial arithmetic consequences in the
context of finite fields.


title: Brauer-Siegel theorem for elliptic surfaces

abstract:
  We consider higher-dimensional analogues of the classical Brauer-Siegel
theorem focusing on the case of abelian varieties over global function fields.
We prove such an analogue in the case of constant families of elliptic curves
and abelian varieties.


title: Decay of polarized muon at rest as a source of polarized neutrino beam

abstract:
  In this paper, we indicate the theoretical possibility of using the decay of
polarized muons at rest as a source of the transversely polarized electron
antineutrino beam. Such a beam can be used to probe new effects beyond standard
model. We mean here new tests concerning CP violation, Lorentz structure and
chirality structure of the charged current weak interactions. The main goal is
to show how the energy and angular distribution of the electron antineutrinos
in the muon rest frame depends on the transverse components of the antineutrino
beam polarization. Our analysis is model-independent and consistent with the
current upper limits on the non-standard couplings. The results are presented
in a limit of infinitesimally small mass for all particles produced in the
decay.


title: Representable posets and their order components

abstract:
  A partially ordered set P is representable if there is a bounded distributive
lattice such that its ordered set of prime ideals is order-isomorphic to P. We
show that if the order components of a poset P are representable, then so is P.
Moreover, we provide an example disproving the converse.


title: Experimental realization of a silicon spin field-effect transistor

abstract:
  A longitudinal electric field is used to control the transit time (through an
undoped silicon vertical channel) of spin-polarized electrons precessing in a
perpendicular magnetic field. Since an applied voltage determines the final
spin direction at the spin detector and hence the output collector current,
this comprises a spin field-effect transistor. An improved hot-electron spin
injector providing ~115% magnetocurrent, corresponding to at least ~38%
electron current spin polarization after transport through 10 microns undoped
single-crystal silicon, is used for maximum current modulation.


title:
Entiers al\'eatoires, ensembles de Sidon, densit\'e dans le groupe de
  Bohr et ensembles d'analyticit\'e

abstract:
  We study properties of a sequence $\Lambda$ obtained by a randomselection of
integers $n$, where $n\in\Lambda$ with probability $\varpi_{n}$, independently
of the other choices. We distinguish two cases : if
$\limsup_{n\to\infty}n\varpi_{n}<\infty$, $\Lambda$ is a.s. a Sidon set,
non-dense in the Bohr group ; if $\lim_{n\to\infty}n\varpi_{n}=\infty$, then
$\Lambda$ is a.s. a set of analyticity and is dense in the Bohr group.


title: A Small Polyhedral Z-Acyclic 2-Complex in R4

abstract:
  We present a small 4-dimensional polyhedral realization of a 2-dimensional
Z-acyclic but non-contractible simplicial complex.


title: Recoiling Black Holes in Quasars

abstract:
  Recent simulations of merging black holes with spin give recoil velocities
from gravitational radiation up to several thousand km/s. A recoiling
supermassive black hole can retain the inner part of its accretion disk,
providing fuel for a continuing QSO phase lasting millions of years as the hole
moves away from the galactic nucleus. One possible observational manifestation
of a recoiling accretion disk is in QSO emission lines shifted in velocity from
the host galaxy. We have examined QSOs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with
broad emission lines substantially shifted relative to the narrow lines. We
find no convincing evidence for recoiling black holes carrying accretion disks.
We place an upper limit on the incidence of recoiling black holes in QSOs of 4%
for kicks greater than 500 km/s and 0.35% for kicks greater than 1000 km/s
line-of-sight velocity.


title: The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions

abstract:
  Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamics of the
electroweak and strong forces. The particle content, structure and symmetries
of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to
the many phenomenological tests which have established this theoretical
framework as the Standard Theory of electroweak interactions.


title:
Retrieving Nuclear Information from Protons Propagating through A Thick
  Target

abstract:
  The multiple scattering of high-energy particles in a thick target is
fromulated in an impact parameter representation. A formalism similar but not
identical to that of Moliere is obtained. We show that calculations of particle
beam broadening due to multiple Coulomb scattering alone can be given in closed
form. The focus of this study is on whether or not the broadening of the
Coulomb angular distribution prevents the retrieval of nuclear-interaction
information from mesauring the angular distributions of charged partiles
scattered from a thick target. For this purpose, we study multiple scatterings
with both the nuclear and Coulomb interactions included and we do not make a
small-angle expansion. Condition for retrieving nuclear infomration from
high-energy protons propagating through a block of material are obtained.


title: El universo de Einstein: 1905 - annus mirabilis - 2005

abstract:
  Year 2005 was the World Year of Physics, and it was commemorated worldwide as
the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's legendary works in which the
foundations of at least three areas of modern physics were laid: statistical
mechanics, quantum mechanics and special relativity. These works turned year
1905 in what deservedly was called the "miraculous year" (annus mirabilis) of
Einstein. However, the influence of this great mind was not limited to science.
As it is well known, his fingerprint remains engraved in many aspects of our
daily life. Because of that, in this work we have tried to cover almost all the
subjects in which Einstein was involved during the last century and, of course,
try and reveal the future projection his actions will have in this new century
that has just begun. Among the subjects covered in the volume one can find the
possible connection between Einstein and the artistic vanguard movement, his
religiosity, his days in Argentina, the Nobel Prize, the Einstein-Freud
correspondence, his pacifism and the nuclear energy, science and politics under
the Second Empire and the Weimar Republic, and even a description of his
patents and experiments, the studies performed to search for "built-in"
features in his brain and the doubts many had regarding whether Einstein was a
genius or a crank. Also included are essays on Einstein and Borges, philosophy
and relativity, Mach's principle, the relation among science, arts and
humanities, and, closer to Einstein's own theoretical research, the twin
paradox, chance and quantum mechanics, the arrow of time, gravitational lenses,
string theory, holography and black holes, gravitomagnetism, superconductivity,
gravitational waves, the photoelectric effect and the alternative theories for
gravitation.

categories: physics.hist-ph astro-ph hep-th physics.pop-ph


title:
Factorizable ribbon quantum groups in logarithmic conformal field
  theories

abstract:
  We review the properties of quantum groups occurring as Kazhdan--Lusztig dual
to logarithmic conformal field theory models. These quantum groups at even
roots of unity are not quasitriangular but are factorizable and have a ribbon
structure; the modular group representation on their center coincides with the
representation on generalized characters of the chiral algebra in logarithmic
conformal field models.


title: Higher exponential maps and explicit reciprocity laws I

abstract:
  This paper has been withdrawn, as it is superseded by arXiv:0806.2122
(Bloch-Kato exponential maps for local fields with imperfect residue fields),
which is a more recent version of the same paper.


title: The higher Hilbert pairing via (phi,G)-modules

abstract:
  We prove the Tate duality for higher dimensional local fields of mixed
characteristic (0,p), when p is an odd prime, using the theory of higher fields
of norms. Assuming that p is not ramified in the basefield, we then use this
construction to define the higher Hilbert pairing. In particular, we show that
the Hilbert pairing is non-degenerate, and we re-discover the formulae of
Brueckner and Vostokov.


title: Order convergence and compactness

abstract:
  Let $(P,\leq)$ be a partially ordered set and let $\tau$ be a compact
topology on $P$ that is finer than the interval topology. Then $\tau$ is
contained in the order (convergence) topology on $(P,\tau)$. So any Priestley
topology is contained in the order topology.


title:
Existence and convergence properties of physical measures for certain
  dynamical systems with holes

abstract:
  We study two classes of dynamical systems with holes: expanding maps of the
interval and Collet-Eckmann maps with singularities. In both cases, we prove
that there is a natural absolutely continuous conditionally invariant measure
$\mu$ (a.c.c.i.m.) with the physical property that strictly positive H\"{o}lder
continuous functions converge to the density of $\mu$ under the renormalized
dynamics of the system. In addition, we construct an invariant measure $\nu$,
supported on the Cantor set of points that never escape from the system, that
is ergodic and enjoys exponential decay of correlations for H\"{o}lder
observables. We show that $\nu$ satisfies an equilibrium principle which
implies that the escape rate formula, familiar to the thermodynamic formalism,
holds outside the usual setting. In particular, it holds for Collet-Eckmann
maps with holes, which are not uniformly hyperbolic and do not admit a finite
Markov partition.
  We use a general framework of Young towers with holes and first prove results
about the \accim and the invariant measure on the tower. Then we show how to
transfer results to the original dynamical system. This approach can be
expected to generalize to other dynamical systems than the two above classes.


title: Optimal control of Goursat-Volterra systems

abstract:
  We analyze an optimal control problem for systems of integral equations of
Volterra type with two independent variables. These systems generalize both,
the hyperbolic control problems for systems of Goursat-Darboux type, and the
optimal control of ordinary (i.e. with one independent variable) Volterra
integral equations. We prove extremal principles akin to Pontryagin's maximum
principle.


title:
Multiwaveband Polarimetric Observations of 15 Active Galactic Nuclei at
  High Frequencies: Correlated Polarization Behavior

abstract:
  We report on multi-frequency linear polarization monitoring of 15 active
galactic nuclei containing highly relativistic jets with apparent speeds from
$\sim$4 $c$ to $>40c$. The measurements were obtained at optical, 1 mm, and 3
mm wavelengths, and at 7 mm with the Very Long Baseline Array. The data show a
wide range in degree of linear polarization among the sources, from $<$1% to
$>$30%, and interday polarization variability in individual sources. The
polarization properties suggest separation of the sample into three groups with
low, intermediate, and high variability of polarization in the core at 7 mm :
LVP, IVP, and HVP, respectively. The groups are partially associated with the
common classification of active galactic nuclei as radio galaxies and quasars
with low optical polarization (LVP), BL Lacertae objects (IVP), and highly
optically polarized quasars (HVP). Our study investigates correlations between
total flux, fractional polarization, and polarization position angle at the
different wavelengths. We interpret the polarization properties of the sources
in the sample through models in which weak shocks compress turbulent plasma in
the jet. The differences in the orientation of sources with respect to the
observer, jet kinematics, and abundance of thermal matter external to the jet
near the core can account for the diversity in the polarization properties. The
results provide strong evidence that the optical polarized emission originates
in shocks, most likely situated between the 3 mm and 7 mm VLBI cores. They also
support the idea that the 1 mm core lies at the edge of the transition zone
between electromagnetically dominated and turbulent hydrodynamical sections of
the jet.


title: Superluminous supernovae: No threat from Eta Carinae

abstract:
  Recently Supernova 2006gy was noted as the most luminous ever recorded, with
a total radiated energy of ~10^44 Joules. It was proposed that the progenitor
may have been a massive evolved star similar to eta Carinae, which resides in
our own galaxy at a distance of about 2.3 kpc. eta Carinae appears ready to
detonate. Although it is too distant to pose a serious threat as a normal
supernova, and given its rotation axis is unlikely to produce a Gamma-Ray Burst
oriented toward the Earth, eta Carinae is about 30,000 times nearer than
2006gy, and we re-evaluate it as a potential superluminous supernova. We find
that given the large ratio of emission in the optical to the X-ray, atmospheric
effects are negligible. Ionization of the atmosphere and concomitant ozone
depletion are unlikely to be important. Any cosmic ray effects should be spread
out over ~10^4 y, and similarly unlikely to produce any serious perturbation to
the biosphere. We also discuss a new possible effect of supernovae, endocrine
disruption induced by blue light near the peak of the optical spectrum. This is
a possibility for nearby supernovae at distances too large to be considered
"dangerous" for other reasons. However, due to reddening and extinction by the
interstellar medium, eta Carinae is unlikely to trigger such effects to any
significant degree.


title: Solution of the Dirac equation in presence of an uniform magnetic field

abstract:
  In this work we discuss the properties of the solutions of the Dirac equation
in presence of an uniform background magnetic field. In particular we focus on
the nature of the solutions, their ortho-normality properties and how these
solutions depend on the choice of the vector potential giving rise to the
magnetic field. We explicitly calculate the spin-sum of the solutions and using
it we calculate the propagator of the electron in presence of an uniform
background magnetic field.


title: Evidence for the Decay D^0 --> K^_pi^+pi^-e^+nu_e

abstract:
  Using a 281 pb^{-1} data sample collected at the psi(3770) with the CLEO-c
detector, we present the first absolute branching fraction measurement of the
decay D^0 rightarrow K^-pi^+pi^-e^+nu_e at a statistical significance of about
4.0 standard deviations. We find 10 candidates consistent with the decay D^0
rightarrow K^-pi^+pi^- e^+nu_e. The probability that a background fluctuation
accounts for this signal is less than 4.1 times 10^{-5}. We find {cal B}(D^0
rightarrow K^-pi^+pi^-e^+nu_e)= [2.8 ^{+1.4}_{-1.1}{rm (stat)} pm 0.3{rm
(syst)}] times 10 ^{-4}. This channel is consistent with being predominantly
produced through D^0 rightarrow K1^- e^+nu_e. By restricting the invariant mass
of the hadronic system to be consistent with K1, we obtain the product of
branching fractions {cal B}(D^0 rightarrow K1^- e^+nu_e)cdot{\cal B}(K1 to
K^-pi^+pi^-)=[2.5^{+1.3}_{-1.0}{rm(stat)} pm 0.2 {rm (syst)}]times 10^{-4}.
Using {cal B}(K1 to K^-pi^+pi^-) = (33 pm 3) %, we obtain {cal B}(D^0 to
K1^-e^+nu_e)=[7.6^{+4.1}_{-3.0}{rm (stat)} pm 0.6{rm (syst)}pm 0.7 ]times
10^{-4}. The last error accounts for the uncertainties in the measured konem to
K^-pi^+pi^- branching fraction.


title: Convolutions on compact groups and Fourier algebras of coset spaces

abstract:
  In this note we study two related questions. (1) For a compact group G, what
are the ranges of the convolution maps on A(GXG) given for u,v in A(G) by $u X
v |-> u*v' ($v'(s)=v(s^{-1})$) and $u X v |-> u*v$? (2) For a locally compact
group G and a compact subgroup K, what are the amenability properties of the
Fourier algebra of the coset space A(G/K)? The algebra A(G/K) was defined and
studied by the first named author.
  In answering the first question, we obtain for compact groups which do not
admit an abelian subgroup of finite index, some new subalgebras of A(G). Using
those algebras we can find many instances in which A(G/K) fails the most
rudimentary amenability property: operator weak amenability. However, using
different techniques, we show that if the connected component of the identity
of G is abelian, then A(G/K) always satisfies the stronger property that it is
hyper-Tauberian, which is a concept developed by the second named author. We
also establish a criterion which characterises operator amenability of A(G/K)
for a class of groups which includes the maximally almost periodic groups.


title: Optimal estimate of probability density functions from experimental data

abstract:
  A method providing optimal estimate of probability density functions (PDFs)
from time series is proposed. It allows almost arbitrary resolution PDFs when
applied to either, sampled analytic functions or digitized data from
experiments. When results are compared with PDFs of the same data calculated
using the standard histogram method, a remarkable improvement is observed,
especially in far lateral regions of the PDF, where low probability events give
poor statistics.


title: Amenability constants for semilattice algebras

abstract:
  For any finite unital commutative idempotent semigroup S, a unital
semilattice, we show how to compute the amenability constant of its semigroup
algebra l^1(S), which is always of the form 4n+1. We then show that these give
lower bounds to amenability constants of certain Banach algebras graded over
semilattices. We show that there is no commutative semilattice with amenability
constant between 5 and 9.


title: Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature

abstract:
  Kubo's formula relates bulk viscosity to the retarded Green's function of the
trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Using low energy theorems of QCD for the
latter we derive the formula which relates the bulk viscosity to the energy
density and pressure of hot matter. We then employ the available lattice QCD
data to extract the bulk viscosity as a function of temperature. We find that
close to the deconfinement temperature bulk viscosity becomes large, with
viscosity-to-entropy ratio zeta/s about 1.


title:
Approximation orders for interpolation by surface splines to rough
  functions

abstract:
  In this paper we consider the approximation of functions by radial basis
function interpolants. There is a plethora of results about the asymptotic
behaviour of the error between appropriately smooth functions and their
interpolants, as the interpolation points fill out a bounded domain in R^d. In
all of these cases, the analysis takes place in a natural function space
dictated by the choice of radial basis function - the native space. In many
cases, the native space contains functions possessing a certain amount of
smoothness. We address the question of what can be said about these error
estimates when the function being interpolated fails to have the required
smoothness. These are the rough functions of the title. We limit our discussion
to surface splines, as an exemplar of a wider class of radial basis functions,
because we feel our techniques are most easily seen and understood in this
setting.


title: The structure of preserved information in quantum processes

abstract:
  We introduce a general operational characterization of information-preserving
structures (IPS) -- encompassing noiseless subsystems, decoherence-free
subspaces, pointer bases, and error-correcting codes -- by demonstrating that
they are isometric to fixed points of unital quantum processes. Using this, we
show that every IPS is a matrix algebra. We further establish a structure
theorem for the fixed states and observables of an arbitrary process, which
unifies the Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures, places restrictions on
physically allowed kinds of information, and provides an efficient algorithm
for finding all noiseless and unitarily noiseless subsystems of the process.


title:
Assessing the Predictive Power of Galaxy Formation Models: A Comparison
  of Predicted and Observed Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Functions at
  2.0<z<3.3

abstract:
  Recent galaxy formation models successfully reproduce the local luminosity
function (LF) of galaxies by invoking mechanisms to suppress star formation in
low- and high-mass galaxies. As these models are optimized to fit the LF at low
redshift, a crucial question is how well they predict the LF at earlier times.
Here we compare recently measured rest-frame V-band LFs of galaxies at
redshifts 2.0<z<3.3 to predictions of semianalytic models by De Lucia & Blaizot
and Bower et al. and hydrodynamic simulations by Dave et al.. The models
succeed for some luminosity and redshift ranges and fail for others. A notable
success is that the Bower et al. model provides a good match to the observed LF
at z~3. However, all models predict an increase with time of the rest-frame
V-band luminosity density, whereas the observations show a decrease. The models
also have difficulty matching the observed rest-frame colors of galaxies. In
all models the luminosity density of red galaxies increases sharply from z~3 to
z~2.2, whereas it is approximately constant in the observations. Conversely, in
the models the luminosity density of blue galaxies is approximately constant,
whereas it decreases in the observations. These discrepancies cannot be
entirely remedied by changing the treatment of dust and suggest that current
models do not yet provide a complete description of galaxy formation and
evolution since z~3.


title:
Nonthermal Emission Associated with Strong AGN Outbursts at the Centers
  of Galaxy Clusters

abstract:
  Recently, strong AGN outbursts at the centers of galaxy clusters have been
found. Using a simple model, we study particle acceleration around a shock
excited by an outburst and estimate nonthermal emission from the accelerated
particles. We show that emission from secondary electrons is consistent with
the radio observations of the minihalo in the Perseus cluster, if there was a
strong AGN outburst >~10^8 yrs ago with an energy of ~1.8x10^62 erg. The
validity of our model depends on the frequency of the large outbursts. We also
estimate gamma-ray emission from the accelerated particles and show that it
could be detected with GLAST.


title:
Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal
  friction

abstract:
  At least two arguments suggest that the orbits of a large fraction of binary
stars and extrasolar planets shrank by 1-2 orders of magnitude after formation:
(i) the physical radius of a star shrinks by a large factor from birth to the
main sequence, yet many main-sequence stars have companions orbiting only a few
stellar radii away, and (ii) in current theories of planet formation, the
region within ~0.1 AU of a protostar is too hot and rarefied for a Jupiter-mass
planet to form, yet many "hot Jupiters" are observed at such distances. We
investigate orbital shrinkage by the combined effects of secular perturbations
from a distant companion star (Kozai oscillations) and tidal friction. We
integrate the relevant equations of motion to predict the distribution of
orbital elements produced by this process. Binary stars with orbital periods of
0.1 to 10 days, with a median of ~2 d, are produced from binaries with much
longer periods (10 d to 10^5 d), consistent with observations indicating that
most or all short-period binaries have distant companions (tertiaries). We also
make two new testable predictions: (1) For periods between 3 and 10 d, the
distribution of the mutual inclination between the inner binary and the
tertiary orbit should peak strongly near 40 deg and 140 deg. (2) Extrasolar
planets whose host stars have a distant binary companion may also undergo this
process, in which case the orbit of the resulting hot Jupiter will typically be
misaligned with the equator of its host star.


title: Remarks on affine complete distributive lattices

abstract:
  We characterise the Priestley spaces corresponding to affine complete bounded
distributive lattices. Moreover we prove that the class of affine complete
bounded distributive lattices is closed under products and free products. We
show that every (not necessarily bounded) distributive lattice can be embedded
in an affine complete one and that $\mathbb{Q} \cap [0,1]$ is initial in the
class of affine complete lattices.


title: Eccentric double white dwarfs as LISA sources in globular clusters

abstract:
  We consider the formation of double white dwarfs (DWDs) through dynamical
interactions in globular clusters. Such interactions can give rise to eccentric
DWDs, in contrast to the exclusively circular population expected to form in
the Galactic disk. We show that for a 5-year Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
(LISA) mission and distances as far as the Large Magellanic Cloud, multiple
harmonics from eccentric DWDs can be detected at a signal-to-noise ratio higher
than 8 for at least a handful of eccentric DWDs, given their formation rate and
typical lifetimes estimated from current cluster simulations. Consequently the
association of eccentricity with stellar-mass LISA sources does not uniquely
involve neutron stars, as is usually assumed. Due to the difficulty of
detecting (eccentric) DWDs with present and planned electromagnetic
observatories, LISA could provide unique dynamical identifications of these
systems in globular clusters.


title: A Ground-Based Search for Thermal Emission from the Exoplanet TrES-1

abstract:
  Eclipsing planetary systems give us an important window on extrasolar planet
atmospheres. By measuring the depth of the secondary eclipse, when the planet
moves behind the star, we can estimate the strength of the thermal emission
from the day side of the planet. Attaining a ground-based detection of one of
these eclipses has proven to be a significant challenge, as time-dependent
variations in instrument throughput and atmospheric seeing and absorption
overwhelm the small signal of the eclipse at infrared wavelengths. We gathered
a series of simultaneous L grism spectra of the transiting planet system TrES-1
and a nearby comparison star of comparable brightness, allowing us to correct
for these effects in principle. Combining the data from two eclipses, we
demonstrate a detection sensitivity of 0.15% in the eclipse depth relative to
the stellar flux. This approaches the sensitivity required to detect the
planetary emission, which theoretical models predict should lie between
0.05-0.1% of the stellar flux in our 2.9-4.3 micron bandpass. We explore the
factors that ultimately limit the precision of this technique, and discuss
potential avenues for future improvements.


title: Geometric-Algebra Quantum-Like Algorithms: Simon's Algorithm

abstract:
  This is continuation of the approach to performing quantum algorithms using
geometric structures which was presented by Aerts and Czachor. We solve the
Simon's problem which, next to the Shor's alghorithm, is a representative of a
quantum hidden subgroup class. We also highlight some advantages resulting from
the fact that no quantum mechanics is involved.


title: The Gemini Deep Planet Survey -- GDPS

abstract:
  We present the results of the Gemini Deep Planet Survey, a near-infrared
adaptive optics search for giant planets and brown dwarfs around nearby young
stars. The observations were obtained with the Altair adaptive optics system at
the Gemini North telescope and angular differential imaging was used to
suppress the speckle noise of the central star. Detection limits for the 85
stars observed are presented, along with a list of all faint point sources
detected around them. Typically, the observations are sensitive to angular
separations beyond 0.5" with 5-sigma contrast sensitivities in magnitude
difference at 1.6 micron of 9.5 at 0.5", 12.9 at 1", 15.0 at 2", and 16.5 at
5". For the typical target of the survey, a 100 Myr old K0 star located 22 pc
from the Sun, the observations are sensitive enough to detect planets more
massive than 2 Mjup with a projected separation in the range 40-200 AU. Second
epoch observations of 48 stars with candidates (out of 54) have confirmed that
all candidates are unrelated background stars. A detailed statistical analysis
of the survey results, yielding upper limits on the fractions of stars with
giant planet or low mass brown dwarf companions, is presented. Assuming a
planet mass distribution dN/dm m^{-1.2} and a semi-major axis distribution
dN/da a^{-1}, the 95% credible upper limits on the fraction of stars with at
least one planet of mass 0.5-13 Mjup are 0.28 for the range 10-25 AU, 0.13 for
25-50 AU, and 0.093 for 50-250 AU. The 95% credible interval for the fraction
of stars with at least one brown dwarf companion having a semi-major axis in
the range 25-250 AU is 0.019 (-0.015/+0.083), irrespective of any assumption on
the mass and semi-major axis distributions. The stars HD 14802, HD 166181, and
HD 213845 have been resolved into binaries for the first time.


title: Relativistically covariant state-dependent cloning of photons

abstract:
  The influence of the relativistic covariance requirement on the optimality of
the symmetric state-dependent 1 -> 2 cloning machine is studied. Namely, given
a photonic qubit whose basis is formed from the momentum-helicity eigenstates,
the change to the optimal cloning fidelity is calculated taking into account
the Lorentz covariance unitarily represented by Wigner's little group. To
pinpoint some of the interesting results, we found states for which the optimal
fidelity of the cloning process drops to 2/3 which corresponds to the fidelity
of the optimal classical cloner. Also, an implication for the security of the
BB84 protocol is analyzed.


title: Nanoscale surface relaxation of a membrane stack

abstract:
  Recent measurements of the short-wavelength (~ 1--100 nm) fluctuations in
stacks of lipid membranes have revealed two distinct relaxations: a fast one
(decay rate of ~ 0.1 ns^{-1}), which fits the known baroclinic mode of bulk
lamellar phases, and a slower one (~ 1--10 \mu s^{-1}) of unknown origin. We
show that the latter is accounted for by an overdamped capillary mode,
depending on the surface tension of the stack and its anisotropic viscosity. We
thereby demonstrate how the dynamic surface tension of membrane stacks could be
extracted from such measurements.


title:
Nonradiative DKR processes: revisiting the theory. III. Multimode
  approaches

abstract:
  We outline a method for dealing with the relaxation of optically excited NaI
F centers in terms of a single effective frequency along a multimode
coordinate. The 2s-2p mixing through coupling to a T_{1u} vibrational mode is
also discussed with optimistic conclusions. Equilibrium nonradiative
deexcitation rates are estimated and compared with intervibrational relaxations
so as to assess the efficiency of the nonequilibrium DKR deexcitation. They
show the former not to be competitive, due to the large number of phonons
exchanged.


title: On space-time noncommutative theories at finite temperature

abstract:
  We analyze renormalization and the high temperature expansion of the one-loop
effective action of the space-time noncommutative \phi^4 theory by using the
zeta function regularization in the imaginary time formalism (i.e., on S^1 x
R^3). Interestingly enough, there are no mixed (non-planar) contributions to
the counterterms as well as to the power-law high temperature asymptotics. We
also study the Wick rotation and formulate assumptions under which the real and
imaginary time formalisms are equivalent.


title: Nucleon Generalized Parton Distributions from Full Lattice QCD

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive study of the lowest moments of nucleon generalized
parton distributions in N_f=2+1 lattice QCD using domain wall valence quarks
and improved staggered sea quarks. Our investigation includes helicity
dependent and independent generalized parton distributions for pion masses as
low as 350 MeV and volumes as large as (3.5 fm)^3, for a lattice spacing of
0.124 fm. We use perturbative renormalization at one-loop level with an
improvement based on the non-perturbative renormalization factor for the axial
vector current, and only connected diagrams are included in the isosinglet
channel.


title: Fractal Conductance Fluctuations of Classical Origin

abstract:
  In mesoscopic systems conductance fluctuations are a sensitive probe of
electron dynamics and chaotic phenomena. We show that the conductance of a
purely classical chaotic system with either fully chaotic or mixed phase space
generically exhibits fractal conductance fluctuations unrelated to quantum
interference. This might explain the unexpected dependence of the fractal
dimension of the conductance curves on the (quantum) phase breaking length
observed in experiments on semiconductor quantum dots.


title: Splitting families and the Noetherian type of $\beta\omega-\omega$

abstract:
  Extending some results of Malykhin, we prove several independence results
about base properties of $\beta\omega-\omega$ and its powers, especially the
Noetherian type $Nt(\beta\omega-\omega)$, the least $\kappa$ for which
$\beta\omega-\omega$ has a base that is $\kappa$-like with respect to
containment. For example, $Nt(\beta\omega-\omega)$ is never less than the
splitting number, but can consistently be that $\omega_1$, $2^\omega$,
$(2^\omega)^+$, or strictly between $\omega_1$ and $2^\omega$.
$Nt(\beta\omega-\omega)$ is also consistently less than the additivity of the
meager ideal. $Nt(\beta\omega-\omega)$ is closely related to the existence of
special kinds of splitting families.


title:
Towards Closing the Window on Strongly Interacting Dark Matter:
  Far-Reaching Constraints from Earth's Heat Flow

abstract:
  We point out a new and largely model-independent constraint on the dark
matter scattering cross section with nucleons, applying when this quantity is
larger than for typical weakly interacting dark matter candidates. When the
dark matter capture rate in Earth is efficient, the rate of energy deposition
by dark matter self-annihilation products would grossly exceed the measured
heat flow of Earth. This improves the spin-independent cross section
constraints by many orders of magnitude, and closes the window between
astrophysical constraints (at very large cross sections) and underground
detector constraints (at small cross sections). In the applicable mass range,
from about 1 to about 10^{10} GeV, the scattering cross section of dark matter
with nucleons is then bounded from above by the latter constraints, and hence
must be truly weak, as usually assumed.


title: Abstract factorials

abstract:
  A commutative semigroup of abstract factorials is defined in the context of
the ring of integers. We study such factorials for their own sake, whether they
are or are not connected to sets of integers. Given a subset X of the positive
integers we construct a "factorial set" with which one may define a multitude
of abstract factorials on X. We study the possible equality of consecutive
factorials, a dichotomy involving the limit superior of the ratios of
consecutive factorials and we provide many examples outlining the applications
of the ensuing theory; examples dealing with prime numbers, Fibonacci numbers,
and highly composite numbers among other sets of integers. One of our results
states that given any abstract factorial the series of reciprocals of its
factorials always converges to an irrational number. Thus, for example, for any
positive integer k the series of the reciprocals of the k-th powers of the
cumulative product of the divisors of the numbers from 1 to n is irrational.


title:
Error estimates for interpolation of rough data using the scattered
  shifts of a radial basis function

abstract:
  The error between appropriately smooth functions and their radial basis
function interpolants, as the interpolation points fill out a bounded domain in
R^d, is a well studied artifact. In all of these cases, the analysis takes
place in a natural function space dictated by the choice of radial basis
function -- the native space. The native space contains functions possessing a
certain amount of smoothness. This paper establishes error estimates when the
function being interpolated is conspicuously rough.


title: Strain Hardening in Polymer Glasses: Limitations of Network Models

abstract:
  Simulations are used to examine the microscopic origins of strain hardening
in polymer glasses. While traditional entropic network models can be fit to the
total stress, their underlying assumptions are inconsistent with simulation
results. There is a substantial energetic contribution to the stress that rises
rapidly as segments between entanglements are pulled taut. The thermal
component of stress is less sensitive to entanglements, mostly irreversible,
and directly related to the rate of local plastic arrangements. Entangled and
unentangled chains show the same strain hardening when plotted against the
microscopic chain orientation rather than the macroscopic strain.


title: Truecluster matching

abstract:
  Cluster matching by permuting cluster labels is important in many clustering
contexts such as cluster validation and cluster ensemble techniques. The
classic approach is to minimize the euclidean distance between two cluster
solutions which induces inappropriate stability in certain settings. Therefore,
we present the truematch algorithm that introduces two improvements best
explained in the crisp case. First, instead of maximizing the trace of the
cluster crosstable, we propose to maximize a chi-square transformation of this
crosstable. Thus, the trace will not be dominated by the cells with the largest
counts but by the cells with the most non-random observations, taking into
account the marginals. Second, we suggest a probabilistic component in order to
break ties and to make the matching algorithm truly random on random data. The
truematch algorithm is designed as a building block of the truecluster
framework and scales in polynomial time. First simulation results confirm that
the truematch algorithm gives more consistent truecluster results for unequal
cluster sizes. Free R software is available.


title: Database Manipulation on Quantum Computers

abstract:
  Manipulating a database system on a quantum computer is an essential aim to
benefit from the promising speed-up of quantum computers over classical
computers in areas that take a vast amount of storage and processing time such
as in databases. In this paper, the basic operations for manipulating the data
in a quantum database will be defined, e.g. INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT,
backing up and restoring a database file. This gives the ability to perform the
data processing that usually takes a long processing time on a classical
database system, in a simultaneous way on a quantum computer. Defining a
quantum version of more advanced concepts used in database systems, e.g. the
referential integrity and the relational algebra, is a normal extension to this
work


title: Slanted matrices, Banach frames, and sampling

abstract:
  In this paper we present a rare combination of abstract results on the
spectral properties of slanted matrices and some of their very specific
applications to frame theory and sampling problems. We show that for a large
class of slanted matrices boundedness below of the corresponding operator in
$\ell^p$ for some $p$ implies boundedness below in $\ell^p$ for all $p$. We use
the established resultto enrich our understanding of Banach frames and obtain
new results for irregular sampling problems. We also present a version of a
non-commutative Wiener's lemma for slanted matrices.


title: Consistency Conditions on the S-Matrix of Massless Particles

abstract:
  We introduce a set of consistency conditions on the S-matrix of theories of
massless particles of arbitrary spin in four-dimensional Minkowski space-time.
We find that in most cases the constraints, derived from the conditions, can
only be satisfied if the S-matrix is trivial. Our conditions apply to theories
where four-particle scattering amplitudes can be obtained from three-particle
ones via a recent technique called BCFW construction. We call theories in this
class constructible. We propose a program for performing a systematic search of
constructible theories that can have non-trivial S-matrices. As illustrations,
we provide simple proofs of already known facts like the impossibility of spin
$s > 2$ non-trivial S-matrices, the impossibility of several spin 2 interacting
particles and the uniqueness of a theory with spin 2 and spin 3/2 particles.


title: On the Landau-Siegel Zeros Conjecture

abstract: We provide a proof of a variant of the Landau-Siegel Zeros conjecture.


title: Note on the strong CP problem from a 5-dimensional perspective

abstract:
  We consider 5 dimensional gauge theories where the 5th direction is
compactified on an interval. The Chern-Simons (CS) terms (favored by naive
dimensional analysis) are discussed. A simple scenario with an extra U(1)_X
gauge field that couples to SU(3)_{color} through a CS term in the bulk is
constructed. The extra component of the Abelian gauge field plays a role of the
axion, which in the standard manner solves the strong CP problem easily
avoiding most of experimental constraints.
  This version has an expanded discussion of the phenomenology of the model and
various clarifications in the estimation of the operator coefficients in the
appendix.


title: Coarse-Graining the Lin-Maldacena Geometries

abstract:
  The Lin-Maldacena geometries are nonsingular gravity duals to degenerate
vacuum states of a family of field theories with SU(2|4) supersymmetry. In this
note, we show that at large N, where the number of vacuum states is large,
there is a natural `macroscopic' description of typical states, giving rise to
a set of coarse-grained geometries. For a given coarse-grained state, we can
associate an entropy related to the number of underlying microstates. We find a
simple formula for this entropy in terms of the data that specify the geometry.
We see that this entropy function is zero for the original microstate
geometries and maximized for a certain ``typical state'' geometry, which we
argue is the gravity dual to the zero-temperature limit of the thermal state of
the corresponding field theory. Finally, we note that the coarse-grained
geometries are singular if and only if the entropy function is non-zero.


title: On Stability of Sampling-Reconstruction Models

abstract:
  A useful sampling-reconstruction model should be stable with respect to
different kind of small perturbations, regardless whether they result from
jitter, measurement errors, or simply from a small change in the model
assumptions. In this paper we prove this result for a large class of sampling
models. We define different classes of perturbations and quantify the
robustness of a model with respect to them. We also use the theory of localized
frames to study the frame algorithm for recovering the original signal from its
samples.


title: Sliding charge density wave in manganites

abstract:
  The so-called stripe phase of the manganites is an important example of the
complex behaviour of metal oxides, and has long been interpreted as the
localisation of charge at atomic sites. Here, we demonstrate via resistance
measurements on La_{0.50}Ca_{0.50}MnO_3 that this state is in fact a
prototypical charge density wave (CDW) which undergoes collective transport.
Dramatic resistance hysteresis effects and broadband noise properties are
observed, both of which are typical of sliding CDW systems. Moreover, the high
levels of disorder typical of manganites result in behaviour similar to that of
well-known disordered CDW materials. Our discovery that the manganite
superstructure is a CDW shows that unusual transport and structural properties
do not require exotic physics, but can emerge when a well-understood phase (the
CDW) coexists with disorder.


title: The Likely Cause of the EGRET GeV Anomaly and its Implications

abstract:
  Analysis of data from the EGRET gamma-ray detector on the Compton Gamma Ray
Observatory indicated an anomaly in the form of an excess diffuse galactic flux
at GeV energies over that which was theoretically predicted. Various
explanations for this anomaly have been put forth, including the invocation of
supersymmetric dark matter annihilation. We reexamine these explanations here,
including a new discussion of the possible systematic errors in the sensitivity
determination of the EGRET detector. We conclude that the most likely
explanation of the EGRET ``GeV anomaly'' was an error in the estimation of the
of the EGRET sensitivity at energies above ~1 GeV. We give reasons why such a
situation could have occurred. We find evidence from our new all-sky analysis
which is inconsistent with the assumption that the anomaly can be a signal of
supersymmetric dark matter annihilation. We also reconfirm the original results
of the EGRET team on the extragalactic gamma-ray background spectrum. There are
important implications of our analysis for the upcoming Gamma Ray Large Area
Telescope (GLAST) mission.


title: Learning about a Categorical Latent Variable under Prior Near-Ignorance

abstract:
  It is well known that complete prior ignorance is not compatible with
learning, at least in a coherent theory of (epistemic) uncertainty. What is
less widely known, is that there is a state similar to full ignorance, that
Walley calls near-ignorance, that permits learning to take place. In this paper
we provide new and substantial evidence that also near-ignorance cannot be
really regarded as a way out of the problem of starting statistical inference
in conditions of very weak beliefs. The key to this result is focusing on a
setting characterized by a variable of interest that is latent. We argue that
such a setting is by far the most common case in practice, and we show, for the
case of categorical latent variables (and general manifest variables) that
there is a sufficient condition that, if satisfied, prevents learning to take
place under prior near-ignorance. This condition is shown to be easily
satisfied in the most common statistical problems.


title: Projectile Fragmentation of $^{86}$Kr at 64 MeV/nucleon

abstract:
  We measured fragmentation cross sections produced using the primary beam of
$^{86}$Kr at 64 MeV/nucleon on $^9$Be and $^{181}$Ta targets. The cross
sections were obtained by integrating the momentum distributions of isotopes
with 25<Z<36 measured using the RIPS fragment separator at RIKEN. The
cross-section ratios obtained with the $^{181}$Ta and $^{9}$Be targets depend
on the fragment masses, contrary to the simple geometrical models. We compared
the extracted cross sections to EPAX; an empirical parameterization of
fragmentation cross sections. Predictions from current EPAX parameterization
severely overestimate the production cross sections of very neutron-rich
isotopes. Attempts to obtain another set of EPAX parameters specific to the
reaction studied here, to extrapolate the neutron-rich nuclei more accurately
have not been very successful, suggesting that accurate predictions of
production cross sections of nuclei far from the valley of stability require
information of nuclear properties which are not present in EPAX.


title: Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Error Correction with Linear Optics

abstract:
  We construct a theory of continuous-variable entanglement-assisted quantum
error correction. We present an example of a continuous-variable
entanglement-assisted code that corrects for an arbitrary single-mode error. We
also show how to implement encoding circuits using passive optical devices,
homodyne measurements, feedforward classical communication, conditional
displacements, and off-line squeezers.


title:
A fundamental explanation for the tiny value of the cosmological
  constant

abstract:
  We will look for an implementation of new symmetries in the space-time
structure and their cosmological implications. This search will allow us to
find a unified vision for electrodynamics and gravitation. We will attempt to
develop a heuristic model of the electromagnetic nature of the electron, so
that the influence of the gravitational field on the electrodynamics at very
large distances leads to a reformulation of our comprehension of the space-
time structure at quantum level through the elimination of the classical idea
of rest. This will lead us to a modification of the relativistic theory by
introducing the idea about a universal minimum limit of speed in the space-
time. Such a limit, unattainable by the particles, represents a preferred frame
associated with a universal background field (a vacuum energy), enabling a
fundamental understanding of the quantum uncertainties. The structure of
space-time becomes extended due to such a vacuum energy density, which leads to
a negative pressure at the cosmological scales as an anti-gravity, playing the
role of the cosmological constant. The tiny values of the vacuum energy density
and the cosmological constant will be successfully obtained, being in agreement
with current observational results.


title:
Two computational regimes of a single-compartment neuron separated by a
  planar boundary in conductance space

abstract:
  Recent in vitro data show that neurons respond to input variance with varying
sensitivities. Here, we demonstrate that Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neurons can
operate in two computational regimes, one that is more sensitive to input
variance (differentiating) and one that is less sensitive (integrating). A
boundary plane in the 3D conductance space separates these two regimes. For a
reduced HH model, this plane can be derived analytically from the V nullcline,
thus suggesting a means of relating biophysical parameters to neural
computation by analyzing the neuron's dynamical system.


title: No-Scale Solution to Little Hierarchy

abstract:
  We show that the little hierarchy problem can be solved in the no-scale
supergravity framework. In this model the supersymmetry breaking scale is
generated when the electroweak symmetry breaking condition is satisfied and
therefore, unlike usual supersymmetric models, the correlation between the
electroweak symmetry breaking scale and the average stop mass scale can be
justified. This correlation solves the little hierarchy puzzle. Using minimal
supergravity boundary conditions, we find that the parameter space predicted by
no-scale supergravity is allowed by all possible experimental constraints. The
predicted values of supersymmetric particle masses are low enough to be very
easily accessible at the LHC. This parameter space will also be probed in the
upcoming results from the dark matter direct detection experiments.


title:
Supercritical Dirac resonance parameters from extrapolated analytic
  continuation methods

abstract:
  The analytic continuation methods of complex scaling (CS), smooth exterior
scaling (SES), and complex absorbing potential (CAP) are investigated for the
supercritical quasimolecular ground state in the U(92+)-Cf(98+) system at an
internuclear separation of R=20 fm. Pade approximants to the complex-energy
trajectories are used to perform an extrapolation of the resonance energies,
which, thus, become independent of the respective stabilization parameter.
Within the monopole approximation to the two-center potential is demonstrated
that the extrapolated results from SES and CAP are consistent to a high degree
of accuracy. Extrapolated CAP calculations are extended to include dipole and
quadrupole terms of the potential for a large range of internuclear separations
R. These terms cause a broadening of the widths at the permille level when the
nuclei are almost in contact, and at the % level for R values where the ground
state enters the negative continuum.


title:
FUSE Observations of a Full Orbit of Hercules X-1: Signatures of Disk,
  Star, and Wind

abstract:
  We observed an entire 1.7 day orbit of the X-ray binary Hercules X-1 with the
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). Changes in the O VI 1032,1037
line profiles through eclipse ingress and egress indicate a Keplerian accretion
disk spinning prograde with the orbit. These observations may show the first
double-peaked accretion disk line profile to be seen in the Hercules X-1
system. Doppler tomograms of the emission lines show a bright spot offset from
the Roche lobe of the companion star HZ Her, but no obvious signs of the
accretion disk. Simulations show that the bright spot is too far offset from
the Roche lobe to result from uneven X-ray heating of its surface. The absence
of disk signatures in the tomogram can be reproduced in simulations which
include absorption from a stellar wind. We attempt to diagnose the state of the
emitting gas from the C III 977, C III 1175, and N III 991 emission lines. The
latter may be enhanced through Bowen fluorescence.


title: Defect-Tolerant CMOL Cell Assignment via Satisfiability

abstract:
  We present a CAD framework for CMOL, a hybrid CMOS/ molecular circuit
architecture. Our framework first transforms any logically synthesized circuit
based on AND/OR/NOT gates to a NOR gate circuit, and then maps the NOR gates to
CMOL. We encode the CMOL cell assignment problem as boolean conditions. The
boolean constraint is satisfiable if and only if there is a way to map all the
NOR gates to the CMOL cells. We further investigate various types of static
defects for the CMOL architecture, and propose a reconfiguration technique that
can deal with these defects through our CAD framework. This is the first
automated framework for CMOL cell assignment, and the first to model several
different CMOL static defects. Empirical results show that our approach is
efficient and scalable.


title: Coulomb oscillations as a remedy for the helium atom

abstract:
  The largest failure of the old, Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory was with the
helium atom. It brought about the theory's demise. I show that this failure
does not originate, as commonly believed, with the orbit concept per se.
Instead, it was caused by the wrong choice of orbits, compounded by ignorance
of the exclusion principle. Choosing semiclassical electron oscillations
through the He nucleus, I calculate a singlet ground-state energy that rivals
in accuracy with quantum-mechanical results. The same method reveals Bohr's
historic energy value as the forbidden triplet ground state--a result beyond
the reach of quantum mechanics. At the qualitative level, the concept of
Coulomb oscillations visually explains the major features in the He double
spectrum in terms of crossed or parallel orbit orientation.


title: Sound speed of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

abstract:
  The speed of sound of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice is
studied both analytically and numerically in all three dimensions. Our
investigation shows that the sound speed depends strongly on the strength of
the lattice. In the one-dimensional case, the speed of sound falls
monotonically with increasing lattice strength. The dependence on lattice
strength becomes much richer in two and three dimensions. In the
two-dimensional case, when the interaction is weak, the sound speed first
increases then decreases as the lattice strength increases. For the three
dimensional lattice, the sound speed can even oscillate with the lattice
strength. These rich behaviors can be understood in terms of compressibility
and effective mass. Our analytical results at the limit of weak lattices also
offer an interesting perspective to the understanding: they show the lattice
component perpendicular to the sound propagation increases the sound speed
while the lattice components parallel to the propagation decreases the sound
speed. The various dependence of the sound speed on the lattice strength is the
result of this competition.


title:
NMR Study on the Vortex Slush Phase in Organic Superconductor
  \kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2

abstract:
  The vortex state in a single crystal of the layered organic superconductor
\kappa-(BEDT-TTF2Cu(NCS)2, where BEDT-TTF (or ET) is
bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, was studied by 1H-NMR. Under a low field
region around 0.75 T, the vortex glass-liquid transition was demonstrated by a
diverging of the longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation rate and peak-broadening
in spectra. Under a high field region near the upper critical field Hc2(0)~7 T,
the curvature of nuclear spin relaxation curves showed a drastic change at the
temperature where the emergence of the quantum vortex slush state was reported.
The mechanism in this curvature change was discussed in terms of the
fluctuating field produced by fragments of vortex glass.


title:
Rings of Algebraic Numbers in Infinite Extensions of $\Q$ and Elliptic
  Curves Retaining Their Rank

abstract:
  We show that elliptic curves whose Mordell-Weil groups are finitely generated
over some infinite extensions of $\Q$, can be used to show the Diophantine
undecidability of the rings of integers and bigger rings contained in some
infinite extensions of rational numbers.


title: Minimum volume cusped hyperbolic three-manifolds

abstract:
  This paper is the second in a series whose goal is to understand the
structure of low-volume complete orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Using Mom
technology, we prove that any one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold with volume <=
2.848 can be obtained by a Dehn filling on one of 21 cusped hyperbolic
3-manifolds. We also show how this result can be used to construct a complete
list of all one-cusped hyperbolic three-manifolds with volume <= 2.848 and all
closed hyperbolic three-manifolds with volume <= 0.943. In particular, the
Weeks manifold is the unique smallest volume closed orientable hyperbolic
3-manifold.


title:
Multiplicity and stability of closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler
  3-spheres

abstract:
  We prove that for every $\Q$-homological Finsler 3-sphere $(M,F)$ with a
bumpy and irreversible metric $F$, either there exist two non-hyperbolic prime
closed geodesics, or there exist at least three prime closed geodesics.


title: Multiple closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler $n$-spheres

abstract:
  In this paper we prove that for every bumpy Finsler metric $F$ on every
rationally homological $n$-dimensional sphere $S^n$ with $n\ge 2$, there exist
always at least two distinct prime closed geodesics.


title: Mixed-up trees: the structure of phylogenetic mixtures

abstract:
  In this paper we apply new geometric and combinatorial methods to the study
of phylogenetic mixtures. The focus of the geometric approach is to describe
the geometry of phylogenetic mixture distributions for the two state random
cluster model, which is a generalization of the two state symmetric (CFN)
model. In particular, we show that the set of mixture distributions forms a
convex polytope and we calculate its dimension; corollaries include a simple
criterion for when a mixture of branch lengths on the star tree can mimic the
site pattern frequency vector of a resolved quartet tree. Furthermore, by
computing volumes of polytopes we can clarify how ``common'' non-identifiable
mixtures are under the CFN model. We also present a new combinatorial result
which extends any identifiability result for a specific pair of trees of size
six to arbitrary pairs of trees. Next we present a positive result showing
identifiability of rates-across-sites models. Finally, we answer a question
raised in a previous paper concerning ``mixed branch repulsion'' on trees
larger than quartet trees under the CFN model.


title: Scale-free avalanches in the multifractal random walk

abstract:
  Avalanches, or Avalanche-like, events are often observed in the dynamical
behaviour of many complex systems which span from solar flaring to the Earth's
crust dynamics and from traffic flows to financial markets. Self-organized
criticality (SOC) is one of the most popular theories able to explain this
intermittent charge/discharge behaviour. Despite a large amount of theoretical
work, empirical tests for SOC are still in their infancy. In the present paper
we address the common problem of revealing SOC from a simple time series
without having much information about the underlying system. As a working
example we use a modified version of the multifractal random walk originally
proposed as a model for the stock market dynamics. The study reveals, despite
the lack of the typical ingredients of SOC, an avalanche-like dynamics similar
to that of many physical systems. While, on one hand, the results confirm the
relevance of cascade models in representing turbulent-like phenomena, on the
other, they also raise the question about the current state of reliability of
SOC inference from time series analysis.


title: Almost-minimal nonuniform lattices of higher rank

abstract:
  If Gamma is a nonuniform, irreducible lattice in a semisimple Lie group whose
real rank is greater than 1, we show Gamma contains a subgroup that is
isomorphic to a nonuniform, irreducible lattice in either SL(3,R), SL(3,C), or
a direct product SL(2,R)^m x SL(2,C)^n$, with m + n > 1. (In geometric terms,
this can be interpreted as a statement about the existence of totally geodesic
subspaces of finite-volume, noncompact, locally symmetric spaces of higher
rank.) Another formulation of the result states that if G is any isotropic,
almost simple algebraic group over Q (the rational numbers), such that the real
rank of G is greater than 1, then G contains an isotropic, almost simple
Q-subgroup H, such that H is quasisplit, and the real rank of H is greater than
1.


title:
A novel spacetime concept for describing electronic motion within a
  helium atom

abstract:
  Euclidean space and linear algebra do not characterize dynamic electronic
orbitals satisfactorily for even the motion of both electrons in an inert
helium atom cannot be defined in reasonable details. Here the author puts
forward a novel two-dimensional spacetime model from scratch in the context of
defining both electrons in a helium atom. Space and time are treated as two
orthogonal, symmetric and complementary quantities under the atomic spacetime.
Electronic motion observed the rule of differential and integral operations
that were implemented by dynamic trigonometric functions. It is demonstrated
that the atomic spacetime is not a linear vector space with Newtonian time, and
within which calculus has non-classical definition, and complex wave functions
have fresh physical significances. This alternative approach is original,
informative and refreshing but still compatible with quantum mechanics in the
formulation. The description of electronic resonance in helium is also
comparable with classical mechanics such as an oscillating pendulum and with
classical electromagnetism such as an LC oscillator. The study has effectively
unified complex function, calculus, and trigonometry in mathematics, and
provided a prospect for unifying particle physics with classical physics on the
novel spacetime platform.


title:
Feasibility for p+/p- flow-ratio evaluation in the 0.5 - 1.5 TeV primary
  energy range, based on Moon-shadow muon measurements, to be carried out in
  the Pyramid of the Sun, Teotihuacan, Experiment

abstract:
  Calculations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of Moon shadow
observations for mean primary energies in the region 0.5-1.5 TeV using a muon
detector operating under the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan, Mexico. Due to
the small height of that monument (65 m), the experiment is capable of
providing considerably high statistics, although with reduced angular accuracy
for primary particle direction reconstruction. Our estimates are based on
simulations of muon production and transport in the atmosphere by CORSIKA and
along the body of the pyramid by GEANT4. The deflection of primaries in the
earth magnetic field is calculated using the IGRF model. The statistics for the
Moon shadow observations, which depends on different factors affecting the
accuracy of the primary particle direction reconstruction, are analyzed in
detail.


title: On local properties of Hochschild cohomology of a C$^*$- algebra

abstract:
  Let $A$ be a C$^*$-algebra, and let $X$ be a Banach $A$-bimodule. B. E.
Johnson showed that local derivations from $A$ into $X$ are derivations. We
extend this concept of locality to the higher cohomology of a $C^*$-algebra
%for $n$-cocycles from $A^{(n)}$ into $X$ and show that, for every $n\in \N$,
bounded local $n$-cocycles from $A^{(n)}$ into $X$ are $n$-cocycles.


title: Coherence without unique normal forms

abstract:
  Coherence theorems for covariant structures carried by a category have
traditionally relied on the underlying term rewriting system of the structure
being terminating and confluent. While this holds in a variety of cases, it is
not a feature that is inherent to the coherence problem itself. This is
demonstrated by the theory of iterated monoidal categories, which model
iterated loop spaces and have a coherence theorem but fail to be confluent. We
develop a framework for expressing coherence problems in terms of term
rewriting systems equipped with a two dimensional congruence. Within this
framework we provide general solutions to two related coherence theorems:
Determining whether there is a decision procedure for the commutativity of
diagrams in the resulting structure and determining sufficient conditions
ensuring that ``all diagrams commute''. The resulting coherence theorems rely
on neither the termination nor the confluence of the underlying rewriting
system. We apply the theory to iterated monoidal categories and obtain a new,
conceptual proof of their coherence theorem.


title: Effective Theory for Trapped Few-Fermion Systems

abstract:
  We apply the general principles of effective field theories to the
construction of effective interactions suitable for few- and many-body
calculations in a no-core shell model framework. We calculate the spectrum of
systems with three and four two-component fermions in a harmonic trap. In the
unitary limit, we find that three-particle results are within 10% of known
semi-analytical values even in small model spaces. The method is very general,
and can be readily extended to other regimes, more particles, different species
(e.g., protons and neutrons in nuclear physics), or more-component fermions (as
well as bosons). As an illustration, we present calculations of the
lowest-energy three-fermion states away from the unitary limit and find a
possible inversion of parity in the ground state in the limit of trap size
large compared to the scattering length. Furthermore, we investigate the lowest
positive-parity states for four fermions, although we are limited by the
dimensions we can currently handle in this case.


title: Hawking Temperature of Dilaton Black Holes from Tunneling

abstract:
  Recently, it has been suggested that Hawking radiation can be derived from
quantum tunnelling methods. In this letter, we calculated Hawking temperature
of dilatonic black holes from tunnelling formalism. The two semi-classical
methods adopted here are: the null-geodesic method proposed by Parikh and
Wilczek and the Hamilton-Jacobi method propsed by Angheben et al. We apply the
two methods to anylysis the Hawking temperature of the static spherical
symmetric dilatonic black hole, the rotating Kaluza-Klein black hole, and the
rotating Kerr-Sen black hole.


title: Inner topological structure of Hopf invariant

abstract:
  In light of $\phi$-mapping topological current theory, the inner topological
structure of Hopf invariant is investigated. It is revealed that Hopf invariant
is just the winding number of Gauss mapping. According to the inner structure
of topological current, a precise expression for Hopf invariant is also
presented. It is the total sum of all the self-linking and all the linking
numbers of the knot family.


title:
Vector and Spinor Decomposition of SU(2) Gauge Potential, their
  quivalence and Knot Structure in SU(2) Chern-Simons Theory

abstract:
  In this paper, spinor and vector decomposition of SU(2) gauge potential are
presented and their equivalence is constructed using a simply proposal. We also
obtain the action of Faddeev nonlinear O(3) sigma model from the SU(2) massive
gauge field theory which is proposed according to the gauge invariant
principle. At last, the knot structure in SU(2) Chern-Simons filed theory is
discussed in terms of the $\phi$--mapping topological current theory. The
topological charge of the knot is characterized by the Hopf indices and the
Brouwer degrees of $\phi$-mapping.


title:
Unified First Law and Thermodynamics of Dynamical Black Hole in
  n-dimensional Vaidya Spacetime

abstract:
  As a simple but important example of dynamical black hole, we analysis the
dynamical black hole in $n$-dimensional Vaidya spacetime in detail. We
investigated the thermodynamics of field equation in $n$-dimensional Vaidya
spacetime. The unified first law was derived in terms of the methods proposed
by Sean A Hayward. The first law of dynamical black hole was obtained by
projecting the unified first law along the trapping horizon. At last, the
second law of dynamical black hole is also discussed.


title:
F and D Values with Explicit Flavor Symmetry Breaking and \Delta s
  Contents of Nucleons

abstract:
  We propose a new model for describing baryon semi-leptonic decays for
estimating $F$ and $D$ values with explicit breaking effects of both SU(3) and
SU(2) flavor symmetry, where all possible SU(3) and SU(2) breaking effects are
induced from an effective interaction. An overall fit including the weak
magnetism form factor yields $F=0.477\pm 0.001$ and $D=0.835\pm 0.001$ with
$\chi^2=4.43/5$ d.o.f. with $V_{ud}=0.975\pm 0.002$ and $V_{us}=0.221\pm
0.002$. The spin content of strange quarks $\Delta s$ is estimated from the
obtained values $F$ and $D$, and the nucleon spin problem is re-examined.
Furthermore, the unmeasured values of $(g_1/f_1)$ and $(g_1)$ for other hyperon
semi-leptonic decays are predicted from this new formula.


title: A Projective C*-Algebra Related to K-Theory

abstract:
  The C*-algebra qC is the smallest of the C*-algebras qA introduced by Cuntz
in the context of KK-theory. An important property of qC is the natural
isomorphism of K0 of D with classes of homomorphism from qC to matrix algebras
over D. Our main result concerns the exponential (boundary) map from K0 of a
quotient B to K1 of an ideal I. We show if a K0 element is realized as a
homomorphism from qC to B then its boundary is realized as a unitary in the
unitization of I. The picture we obtain of the exponential map is based on a
projective C*-algebra P that is universal for a set of relations slightly
weaker than the relations that define qC. A new, shorter proof of the
semiprojectivity of qC is described. Smoothing questions related the relations
for qC are addressed.


title:
Network Growth via Preferential Attachment based on Prisoner's Dilemma
  Game

abstract:
  In this article we discuss network growth based on Prisoner's Dilemma(PD)
where palyers on nodes in a network palay with its linked players. The players
estimate total profits in the PD. When a new node is attached, the node make
linkes to nodes in the network with the probabilities in proportion to the
profits made by the game. Iterating this process, a network grows. We
investigate properties of this type of growing networks, especially the degree
distribution and time-depending strategy distribution by running computer
simulation. We also find a sort of phase transition in the strategy
distributions. For these phenomena given by computer simulation, theoretical
studies are also carried out.


title: A Systematic Study of the Final Masses of Gas Giant Planets

abstract:
  We construct an analytic model for the rate of gas accretion onto a planet
embedded in a protoplanetary disk as a function of planetary mass, disk
viscosity, disk scale height, and unperturbed surface density in order to study
the long-term accretion and final masses of gas giant planets. We first derive
an analytical formula for surface density profile near the planetary orbit from
considerations of the balance of force and the dynamical stability. Using it in
the empirical formula linking surface density with gas accretion rate that is
derived based on hydrodynamic simulations of Tanigawa and Watanabe (2002, ApJ
586, 506), we then simulate the mass evolution of gas giant planets in
viscously-evolving disks. We finally determine the final mass as a function of
semi-major axis of the planet. We find that the disk can be divided into three
regions characterized by different processes by which the final mass is
determined. In the inner region, the planet grows quickly and forms a deep gap
to suppress the growth by itself before disk dissipation. The final mass of the
planet in this region is found to increase with the semi-major axis in a
similar way to the mass given by the viscous condition for gap opening, but the
former is larger by a factor of approximately 10 than the latter. In the
intermediate region, viscous diffusion of the disk gas limits the gas accretion
before the planet form a deep gap. The final mass can be up to the disk mass,
when disk viscous evolution occurs faster than disk evaporation. In the outer
region, planets capture only tiny amounts of gas within the lifetime of the
disk to form Neptune-like planets. We derive analytic formulae for the final
masses in the different regions and the locations of the boundaries, which are
helpful to gain a systematic understanding of the masses of gas giant planets.


title: Finite size effect on Neel temperature with Co3O4 nanoparticles

abstract:
  Finite size effect on the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, TN, of
Co3O4 nanoparticles of 75, 35, and 16 nm in diameter, has been investigated.
The AFM transition point, TN, reduces with the decreasing diameter, d. Along
with the results from the previous experiments on the Co3O4 nanoparticles of 8
and 4.3 nm, the variation of TN with d appears to follow the finite size
relation. According to the scaling behavior, the shift exponent is determined
as \lambda = 1.4 \pm 0.4, the correlation length, \ksi_0 = 3.0 \pm 0.3 nm, and
the bulk Neel temperature, TN(\infint) = 38.6 \pm 0.7 K.


title: Nucleon spin densities in a light-front constituent quark model

abstract:
  The first moment of longitudinal and transverse spin densities of quarks in
the nucleon are calculated in a light-front constituent quark model for the
different cases of quark and nucleon polarization. Significant distortions are
found for the transverse spin densities. In particular the Sivers function is
predicted with opposite sign for up and down quarks and the Boer-Mulders
function is predicted large and negative for both up and down quarks, in
agreement with lattice calculations. Quite a different spin distribution is
obtained for up and down quarks in the cases of quarks and proton transversely
or longitudinally polarized in the same direction.


title:
Sensitivity of the neutron crystal diffraction experiment to the neutron
  EDM and to the nuclear P-,T-violating forces

abstract:
  We establish a link between an angle of the neutron polarization rotation in
a crystal diffraction experiment and constants of the P-,T- violating
interactions. The consideration applies to the energy range of thermal and
resonance neutrons.


title: A graceful multiversal link of particle physics to cosmology

abstract:
  In this paper we work out a multiverse scenario whose physical
characteristics enable us to advance the following the conjecture that whereas
the physics of particles and fields is confined to live in the realm of the
whole multiverse formed by finite-time single universes, that for our
observable universe must be confined just in one of the infinite number of
universes of the multiverse when such a universe is consistently referred to an
infinite cosmic time. If this conjecture is adopted then some current
fundamental problems that appear when one tries to make compatible particle
physics and cosmology- such as that for the cosmological constant, the arrow of
time and the existence of a finite proper size of the event horizon- can be
solved.


title: Edge number of knots and links

abstract:
  We introduce a new numerical invariant of knots and links made from the
partitioned diagrams. It measures the complexity of knots and links.


title: Lyman Alpha Emitters in the Hierarchically Clustering Galaxy Formation

abstract:
  We present a new theoretical model for the luminosity functions (LFs) of
Lyman alpha (Lya) emitting galaxies in the framework of hierarchical galaxy
formation. We extend a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation that reproduces
a number of observations for local and high-z galaxies, without changing the
original model parameters but introducing a physically-motivated modelling to
describe the escape fraction of Lya photons from host galaxies (f_esc). Though
a previous study using a hierarchical clustering model simply assumed a
constant and universal value of f_esc, we incorporate two new effects on f_esc:
extinction by interstellar dust and galaxy-scale outflow induced as a star
formation feedback. It is found that the new model nicely reproduces all the
observed Lya LFs of the Lya emitters (LAEs) at different redshifts in z ~ 3-6.
Especially, the rather surprisingly small evolution of the observed LAE Lya LFs
compared with the dark halo mass function is naturally reproduced. Our model
predicts that galaxies with strong outflows and f_esc ~ 1 are dominant in the
observed LFs. This is also consistent with available observations, while the
simple universal f_esc model requires f_esc << 1 not to overproduce the
brightest LAEs. On the other hand, we found that our model significantly
overpredicts LAEs at z > 6, and absorption of Lya photons by neutral hydrogen
in intergalactic medium (IGM) is a reasonable interpretation for the
discrepancy. This indicates that the IGM neutral fraction x_HI rapidly evolves
from x_HI << 1 at z < 6 to a value of order unity at z ~ 6-7, which is broadly
consistent with other observational constraints on the reionization history.


title:
Numerical Study on Stellar Core Collapse and Neutrino Emission: Probe
  into the Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Progenitors with 3 - 30Msun Iron
  Cores

abstract:
  The existence of various anomalous stars, such as the first stars in the
universe or stars produced by stellar mergers, has been recently proposed. Some
of these stars will result in black hole formation. In this study, we
investigate iron core collapse and black hole formation systematically for the
iron-core mass range of 3 - 30Msun, which has not been studied well so far.
Models used here are mostly isentropic iron cores that may be produced in
merged stars in the present universe but we also employ a model that is meant
for a Population III star and is obtained by evolutionary calculation. We solve
numerically the general relativistic hydrodynamics and neutrino transfer
equations simultaneously, treating neutrino reactions in detail under spherical
symmetry. As a result, we find that massive iron cores with ~10Msun
unexpectedly produce a bounce owing to the thermal pressure of nucleons before
black hole formation. The features of neutrino signals emitted from such
massive iron cores differ in time evolution and spectrum from those of ordinary
supernovae. Firstly, the neutronization burst is less remarkable or disappears
completely for more massive models because the density is lower at the bounce.
Secondly, the spectra of neutrinos, except the electron type, are softer owing
to the electron-positron pair creation before the bounce. We also study the
effects of the initial density profile, finding that the larger the initial
density gradient is, the more steeply the neutronization burst declines.
Further more, we suggest a way to probe into the black hole progenitors from
the neutrino emission and estimate the event number for the currently operating
neutrino detectors.


title:
Neutrino Masses and Lepton-flavor-violating $\tau$ Decays in the
  Supersymmetric Left-right Model

abstract:
  In the supersymmetric left-right model, the light neutrino masses are given
by the Type-II seesaw mechanism. A duality property about this mechanism
indicates that there exist eight possible Higgs triplet Yukawa couplings which
result in the same neutrino mass matrix. In this paper, We work out the
one-loop renormalization group equations for the effective neutrino mass matrix
in the supersymmetric left-right model. The stability of the Type-II seesaw
scenario is briefly discussed. We also study the lepton-flavor-violating
processes ($\tau\to \mu\gamma$ and $\tau\to e\gamma$) by using the
reconstructed Higgs triplet Yukawa couplings.


title: Signal of Bose condensation in an optical lattice at finite temperature

abstract:
  We discuss the experimental signal for the Bose condensation of cold atoms in
an optical lattice at finite temperature. Instead of using the visibility of
the interference pattern via the time-of-flight imaging, we show that the
momentum space density profile in the first Brillouin zone, in particular its
bimodal distribution, provides an unambiguous signal for the Bose condensation.
We confirm this point with detailed calculation of the change in the atomic
momentum distribution across the condensation phase transition, taking into
account both the global trapping potential and the atomic interaction effects.


title: An inverse spectral theory for finite CMV matrices

abstract:
  For finite dimensional CMV matrices the classical inverse spectral problems
are considered. We solve the inverse problem of reconstructing a CMV matrix by
its Weyl's function, the problem of reconstructing the matrix by two spectra of
CMV matrices with different "boundary conditions", and the problem of
reconstructing the CMV matrix by its spectrum and the spectrum of the CMV
matrix obtained from it by truncation.


title: On the new HERMES data for the electroproduction on nuclei

abstract:
  We analyze recent data on the electroproduction of hadrons on nuclei using
the Lund model for electroproduction on nucleons and a simple geometrical model
for the absorption effects. We show that the model seems to overestimate the
A-dependence of the absorption effects, although it described the earlier data
of the same HERMES experiment reasonably well. We trace the origin of this
discrepancy to the surprising difference between the data for nitrogen and
neon.


title:
Resonant spin polarization in a two-dimensional hole gas: Effect of the
  Luttinger term, structural inversion asymmetry and Zeeman splitting

abstract:
  The electric-field-induced resonant spin polarization of a two-dimensional
hole gas described by Luttinger Hamiltonian with structural inversion asymmetry
and Zeeman splitting in a perpendicular magnetic field was studied. The spin
polarization arising from splitting between the light and the heavy hole bands
shows a resonant peak at a certain magnetic field. Especially, the competition
between the Luttinger term and the structural inversion asymmetry leads to a
rich resonant peaks structure, and the required magnetic field for the
resonance may be effectively reduced by enlarging the effective width of the
quantum well. Furthermore, the Zeeman splitting tends to move the resonant spin
polarization to a relative high magnetic field and destroy these rich resonant
spin phenomena. Finally, both the height and the weight of the resonant peak
increase as the temperature decreases. It is believed that such resonant spin
phenomena can be verified in the sample of a two-dimensional hole gas, and it
may provide an efficient way to control spin polarization by an external
electric field.


title: Monte Carlo Methods in Quantum Field Theory

abstract:
  In these lecture notes some applications of Monte Carlo integration methods
in Quantum Field Theory - in particular in Quantum Chromodynamics - are
introduced and discussed.


title:
Heavy Meson Distribution Amplitudes of Definite Geometric Twist with
  Contribution of 3-Particle Distribution Amplitudes

abstract:
  Under the constraints of HQET the equations of motion of heavy meson
distribution amplitudes of definite geometric twist, using the knowledge of
their off-cone structure, are reformulated as a set of algebraic equations.
Together with equations due to various Dirac structures various relations
between the (sets of) independent two- and three particle distribution
amplitudes of definite geometric twist are derived and presented using both the
notion of (double) Mellin moments and re-summed non-local distribution
amplitudes. Resolving these relations for the independent two-particle moments
in terms of three-particle double moments we confirmed the representation of
$\Phi_{\pm|n}$ by Kawamura et al. (Phys. Lett. B \bf{523} (2001) 111).


title:
Gauge invariances vis-{\'a}-vis Diffeomorphisms in second order metric
  gravity: A new Hamiltonian approach

abstract:
  A new analysis of the gauge invariances and their unity with diffeomorphism
invariances in second order metric gravity is presented which strictly follows
Dirac's constrained Hamiltonian approach.


title: Is the universe really expanding

abstract:
  The redshift of galaxies is in general explained by the expansion of space.
The flat space time theory of gravitation suggests an additional
interpretation. In this theory gravitation is explained analogously to
Maxwell's theory on a flat space-time metric and gravitation is described by a
field (potentials) with which the proper time (atomic time) is defined. In
addition to the proper time in the universe, the oberserver's time is stated.
The oberserver's time interval is absolute whereas the interval of the proper
time is time dependent. In particular, atomic clocks at distant objects are
going slower than clocks at present. This explains the redshift of distant
objects without assuming an expanding universe.


title:
Bounding Fault-Tolerant Thresholds for Purification and Quantum
  Computation

abstract:
  In this paper, we place bounds on when it is impossible to purify a noisy
two-qubit state if all the gates used in the purification protocol are subject
to adversarial local, independent, noise. It is found that the gate operations
must be subject to less than 5.3% error. An existing proof that purification is
equivalent to error correction is used to show that this bound can also be
applied to concatenated error correcting codes in the presence of noisy gates,
and hence gives a limit to the tolerable error rate for a fault-tolerant
quantum computer formed by concatenation. This is shown to apply also to the
case where error detection and post-selection, as proposed by Knill, is used to
enhance the threshold. We demonstrate the trade-off between
gate/environmentally induced faulty rotations and qubit loss errors.


title: Frustration-driven QPT in the 1D extended anisotropic Heisenberg model

abstract:
  By using Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) technique we study the
1D extended anisotropic Heisenberg model. We find that starting from the
ferromagnetic phase, the system undergoes two quantum phase transitions (QPTs)
induced by frustration. By increasing the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN)
interaction, the ground state of the system changes smoothly from a completely
polarized state to a NNN correlated one. On the contrary, letting the in-plane
interaction to be greater than the out-of-plane one, the ground state changes
abruptly.


title: Explicit Rational Solutions of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov Equation

abstract:
  We consider the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov system of linear differential
equations. The coefficients of this system are rational functions generated by
elements of the symmetric group $S_{n}$. We assume that parameter
$\rho=\pm{1}$. In previous paper we proved that the fundamental solution of the
corresponding KZ-equation is rational. Now we construct this solution in the
explicit form.


title:
New Lax pair for restricted multiple three wave interaction system,
  quasiperiodic solutions and bi-hamiltonian structure

abstract:
  We study restricted multiple three wave interaction system by the inverse
scattering method. We develop the algebraic approach in terms of classical
$r$-matrix and give an interpretation of the Poisson brackets as linear
$r$-matrix algebra. The solutions are expressed in terms of polynomials of
theta functions. In particular case for $n=1$ in terms of Weierstrass
functions.