title: Banach spaces without minimal subspaces

abstract:
  We prove three new dichotomies for Banach spaces \`a la W.T. Gowers'
dichotomies. The three dichotomies characterise respectively the spaces having
no minimal subspaces, having no subsequentially minimal basic sequences, and
having no subspaces crudely finitely representable in all of their subspaces.
We subsequently use these results to make progress on Gowers' program of
classifying Banach spaces by finding characteristic spaces present in every
space. Also, the results are used to embed any partial order of size $\aleph_1$
into the subspaces of any space without a minimal subspace ordered by
isomorphic embeddability.


title:
The generic isometry and measure preserving homeomorphism are conjugate
  to their powers

abstract:
  It is known that there is a comeagre set of mutually conjugate measure
preserving homeomorphisms of Cantor space equipped with the coinflipping
probability measure, i.e., Haar measure. We show that the generic measure
preserving homeomorphism is moreover conjugate to all of its powers. It follows
that the generic measure preserving homeomorphism extends to an action of
$(\mathbb Q,+)$ by measure preserving homeomorphisms, and, in fact, to an
action of the locally compact ring $\mathfrak A$ of finite ad\`eles.
  Similarly, S. Solecki has proved that there is a comeagre set of mutually
conjugate isometries of the rational Urysohn metric space. We prove that these
are all conjugate with their powers and therefore also embed into $\mathbb
Q$-actions. In fact, we extend these actions to actions of $\mathfrak A$ as in
the case of measure preserving homeomorphisms.
  We also consider a notion of topological similarity in Polish groups and use
this to give simplified proofs of the meagreness of conjugacy classes in the
automorphism group of the standard probability space and in the isometry group
of the Urysohn metric space.


title: Axion constraints in non-standard thermal histories

abstract:
  It is usually assumed that dark matter is produced during the radiation
dominated era. There is, however, no direct evidence for radiation domination
prior to big-bang nucleosynthesis. Two non-standard thermal histories are
considered. In one, the low-temperature-reheating scenario, radiation
domination begins as late as 1 MeV, and is preceded by significant entropy
generation. Thermal axion relic abundances are then suppressed, and
cosmological limits to axions are loosened. For reheating temperatures less
than 35 MeV, the large-scale structure limit to the axion mass is lifted. The
remaining constraint from the total density of matter is significantly relaxed.
Constraints are also relaxed for higher reheating temperatures. In a kination
scenario, a more modest change to cosmological axion constraints is obtained.
Future possible constraints to axions and low-temperature reheating from the
helium abundance and next-generation large-scale-structure surveys are
discussed.


title:
How to use the SEDs produced by synthesis models (inside and outside the
  VO)?

abstract:
  In this contribution we investigate how to describe the results and usage of
evolutionary synthesis models. In particular, we look for an explicit and
quantitative description of the parameter space of synthesis models and the
evaluation of their associated uncertainties and dispersion. First, we need to
understand what synthesis models actually compute: we show that a synthetic
stellar population with fixed physical parameters (age, metallicity, star
formation history, initial mass function and size of the system) can only be
described in terms of probability distributions (i.e. there is an intrinsic
dispersion in any model). Second, we need to identify and characterize the
coverage in the parameter space of the models (i.e. the combinations of input
parameters that yield meaningful models) and the different sources of
systematic errors. Third, we need a way to describe quantitatively the
intrinsic dispersion, the systematic error and the parameter space coverage of
the models.
  Up to now, the parameter space coverage and uncertainties have been described
qualitatively in the models' reference papers, with potential
misinterpretations by models' users. We show how Virtual Observatory
developments enable a correct use of synthesis models to obtain accurate (and
not simply precise) results.


title:
A Population of Faint Extended Line Emitters and the Host Galaxies of
  Optically Thick QSO Absorption Systems

abstract:
  We have conducted a long slit search for low surface brightness Lyman-alpha
emitters at redshift 2.67 < z < 3.75. A 92 hour long exposure with VLT/FORS2
down to a 1-sigma surface brightness detection limit of 8x10^-20
erg/cm2/s/sqarcsec yielded a sample of 27 single line emitters with fluxes of a
few times 10^-18 erg/s/cm2. We present arguments that most objects are indeed
Lyman-alpha. The large comoving number density, the large covering factor,
dN/dz ~ 0.2-1, and the often extended Lyman-alpha emission suggest that the
emitters be identified with the elusive host population of damped Lyman-alpha
systems (DLAS) and high column density Lyman limit systems. A small inferred
star formation rate, perhaps supplanted by cooling radiation, appears to
energetically dominate the Lyman-alpha emission, and is consistent with the low
metallicity, low dust content, and theoretically inferred low masses of DLAS,
and with the relative lack of success of earlier searches for their optical
counterparts. (abridged)


title: Synthesis models in a probabilistic framework: metrics of fitting

abstract:
  In general, synthesis models provide the mean value of the distribution of
possible integrated luminosities, this distribution (and not only its mean
value) being the actual description of the integrated luminosity. Therefore, to
obtain the closest model to an observation only provides confi- dence about the
precision of such a fit, but not information about the accuracy of the result.
In this contribution we show how to overcome this drawback and we propose the
use of the theoretical mean-averaged dispersion that can be produced by
synthesis models as a metric of fitting to infer accurate physical parameters
of observed systems.


title: The Simbol-X view of the unresolved X-ray background

abstract:
  We will briefly discuss the importance of sensitive X-ray observations above
10 keV for a better understanding of the physical mechanisms associated to the
Supermassive Black Hole primary emission and to the cosmological evolution of
the most obscured Active Galactic Nuclei.


title: How well do we understand cosmological recombination?

abstract:
  The major theoretical limitation for extracting cosmological parameters from
the CMB sky lies in the precision with which we can calculate the cosmological
recombination process. Uncertainty in the details of hydrogen and helium
recombination could effectively increase the errors or bias the values of the
cosmological parameters derived from the Planck satellite, for example. Here we
modify the cosmological recombination code RECFAST by introducing one more
parameter to reproduce the recent numerical results for the speed-up of the
helium recombination. Together with the existing hydrogen fudge factor, we vary
these two parameters to account for the remaining dominant uncertainties in
cosmological recombination. By using the CosmoMC code with Planck forecast
data, we find that we need to determine the parameters to better than ten per
cent for He I and one per cent for H, in order to obtain negligible effects on
the cosmological parameters. For helium recombination, if the existing studies
have calculated the ionization fraction to the 0.1 per cent level by properly
including the relevant physical processes, then we already have numerical
calculations which are accurate enough for Planck. For hydrogen, setting the
fudge factor to speed up low redshift recombination by 14 per cent appears to
be sufficient for Planck. However, more work still needs to be done to carry
out comprehensive numerical calculations of all the relevant effects for
hydrogen, as well as to check for effects which couple hydrogen and helium
recombinaton through the radiation field.


title:
The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. II. The Central Brightness Profiles of
  Early-Type Galaxies: A Characteristic Radius on Nuclear Scales and the
  Transition from Central Luminosity Deficit to Excess

abstract:
  We analyse HST surface brightness profiles for 143 early-type galaxies in the
Virgo and Fornax Clusters. Sersic models provide accurate descriptions of the
global profiles with a notable exception: the observed profiles deviate
systematically inside a characteristic "break" radius of R_b ~ 0.02R_e where
R_e is the effective radius of the galaxy. The sense of the deviation is such
that bright galaxies (M_B < -20) typically show central light deficits with
respect to the inward extrapolation of the Sersic model, while the great
majority of low- and intermediate-luminosity galaxies (-19.5 < M_B < -15) show
central light excesses; galaxies occupying a narrow range of intermediate
luminosities (-20 < M_B < -19.5) are usually well fitted by Sersic models over
all radii. The slopes of the central surface brightness profiles, when measured
at fixed fractions of R_e, vary smoothly as a function of galaxy luminosity in
a manner that depends sensitively on the choice of measurement radius. We show
that a recent claim of strong bimodality in slope is likely an artifact of the
galaxy selection function used in that study. To provide a more robust
characterization of the inner regions of galaxies, we introduce a parameter
that describes the central luminosity deficit or excess relative to the inward
extrapolation of the outer Sersic model. We find that this parameter varies
smoothly over the range of ~ 720 in blue luminosity spanned by the Virgo and
Fornax sample galaxies, with no evidence for a dichotomy. We argue that the
central light excesses (nuclei) in M_B > -19 galaxies may be the analogs of the
dense central cores that are predicted by some numerical simulations to form
via gas inflows. (ABRIDGED)


title: On the Hausdorff Dimension of the Mather Quotient

abstract:
  Under appropriate assumptions on the dimension of the ambient manifold and
the regularity of the Hamiltonian, we show that the Mather quotient is small in
term of Hausdorff dimension. Then, we present applications in dynamics.


title: Analytical approach to bit-string models of language evolution

abstract:
  A formulation of bit-string models of language evolution, based on
differential equations for the population speaking each language, is introduced
and preliminarily studied. Connections with replicator dynamics and diffusion
processes are pointed out. The stability of the dominance state, where most of
the population speaks a single language, is analyzed within a mean-field-like
approximation, while the homogeneous state, where the population is evenly
distributed among languages, can be exactly studied. This analysis discloses
the existence of a bistability region, where dominance coexists with
homogeneity as possible asymptotic states. Numerical resolution of the
differential system validates these findings.


title: Molecular Star Formation Rate Indicators in Galaxies

abstract:
  We derive a physical model for the observed relations between star formation
rate (SFR) and molecular line (CO and HCN) emission in galaxies, and show how
these observed relations are reflective of the underlying star formation law.
We do this by combining 3D non-LTE radiative transfer calculations with
hydrodynamic simulations of isolated disk galaxies and galaxy mergers. We
demonstrate that the observed SFR-molecular line relations are driven by the
relationship between molecular line emission and gas density, and anchored by
the index of the underlying Schmidt law controlling the SFR in the galaxy.
Lines with low critical densities (e.g. CO J=1-0) are typically thermalized and
trace the gas density faithfully. In these cases, the SFR will be related to
line luminosity with an index similar to the Schmidt law index. Lines with high
critical densities greater than the mean density of most of the emitting clouds
in a galaxy (e.g. CO J=3-2, HCN J=1-0) will have only a small amount of
thermalized gas, and consequently a superlinear relationship between molecular
line luminosity and mean gas density. This results in a SFR-line luminosity
index less than the Schmidt index for high critical density tracers. One
observational consequence of this is a significant redistribution of light from
the small pockets of dense, thermalized gas to diffuse gas along the line of
sight, and prodigious emission from subthermally excited gas. At the highest
star formation rates, the SFR-Lmol slope tends to the Schmidt index, regardless
of the molecular transition. The fundamental relation is the Kennicutt-Schmidt
law, rather than the relation between SFR and molecular line luminosity. We use
these results to make imminently testable predictions for the SFR-molecular
line relations of unobserved transitions.


title:
Finitely approximable groups and actions Part I: The
  Ribes--Zalesski\u\i{} property

abstract:
  We investigate extensions of S. Solecki's theorem on closing off finite
partial isometries of metric spaces \cite{solecki1} and obtain the following
exact equivalence: any action of a discrete group $\Gamma$ by isometries of a
metric space is finitely approximable if and only if any product of finitely
generated subgroups of $\Gamma$ is closed in the profinite topology on
$\Gamma$.


title: Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillations and a New Light Gauge Boson

abstract:
  We consider a model of neutrino oscillations with three additional sterile
neutrinos and a gauged B-L interaction. We find allowed values of the model
parameters which can reconcile the results of the evidence for antimuon
neutrino to antielectron neutrino conversion seen at the LSND neutrino
oscillation experiment with the null results of the MiniBooNE experiment. A
portion of the low energy excess of electron neutrino events seen at MiniBooNE
can arise naturally, and we make a quantitative prediction for the forthcoming
anti-neutrino oscillation results at MiniBooNE.


title:
Dynamics in nonlocal linear models in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
  metric

abstract:
  A general class of cosmological models driven by a nonlocal scalar field
inspired by the string field theory is studied. Using the fact that the
considering linear nonlocal model is equivalent to an infinite number of local
models we have found an exact special solution of the nonlocal Friedmann
equations. This solution describes a monotonically increasing Universe with the
phantom dark energy.


title: Anyonic interferometry and protected memories in atomic spin lattices

abstract:
  Strongly correlated quantum systems can exhibit exotic behavior called
topological order which is characterized by non-local correlations that depend
on the system topology. Such systems can exhibit remarkable phenomena such as
quasi-particles with anyonic statistics and have been proposed as candidates
for naturally fault-tolerant quantum computation. Despite these remarkable
properties, anyons have never been observed in nature directly. Here we
describe how to unambiguously detect and characterize such states in recently
proposed spin lattice realizations using ultra-cold atoms or molecules trapped
in an optical lattice. We propose an experimentally feasible technique to
access non-local degrees of freedom by performing global operations on trapped
spins mediated by an optical cavity mode. We show how to reliably read and
write topologically protected quantum memory using an atomic or photonic qubit.
Furthermore, our technique can be used to probe statistics and dynamics of
anyonic excitations.


title:
A model of quantum-like decision-making with applications to psychology
  and cognitive science

abstract:
  We consider the following model of decision-making by cognitive systems. We
present an algorithm -- quantum-like representation algorithm (QLRA) -- which
provides a possibility to represent probabilistic data of any origin by complex
probability amplitudes. Our conjecture is that cognitive systems developed the
ability to use QLRA. They operate with complex probability amplitudes, mental
wave functions. Since the mathematical formalism of QM describes as well (under
some generalization) processing of such quantum-like (QL) mental states, the
conventional quantum decision-making scheme can be used by the brain. We
consider a modification of this scheme to describe decision-making in the
presence of two ``incompatible'' mental variables. Such a QL decision-making
can be used in situations like Prisoners Dilemma (PD) as well as others
corresponding to so called disjunction effect in psychology and cognitive
science.


title:
Femtosecond induced transparency and absorption in the extreme
  ultraviolet by coherent coupling of the He 2s2p (1P0) and 2p2 (1Se) double
  excitation states with 800 nm light

abstract:
  Femtosecond high-order harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy is used to
observe electromagnetically induced transparency-like behavior as well as
induced absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by laser dressing of the He 2s2p
(1Po) and 2p2 (1Se) double excitation states with an intense 800 nm field.
Probing in the vicinity of the 1s2 \to 2s2p transition at 60.15 eV reveals the
formation of an Autler-Townes doublet due to coherent coupling of the double
excitation states. Qualitative agreement with the experimental spectra is
obtained only when optical field ionization of both double excitation states
into the N = 2 continuum is included in the theoretical model. Because the Fano
q-parameter of the unperturbed probe transition is finite, the laser-dressed He
atom exhibits both enhanced transparency and absorption at negative and
positive probe energy detunings, respectively.


title:
Bohr's complementarity relation and the violation of the CP symmetry in
  high energy physics

abstract:
  We test Bohr's complementary relation, which captures the most
counterintuitive difference of a classical and a quantum world, for single and
bipartite neutral kaons. They present a system that is naturally interfering,
oscillating and decaying. Moreover, kaons break the CP symmetry (C...charge
conjugation, P...parity). In detail we discuss the effect of the CP violation
on Bohr's relation, i.e. the effect on the "particle-like" information and the
"wave-like" information. Further we show that the quantity that complements the
single partite information for bipartite kaons is indeed concurrence, a measure
of entanglement, strengthening our concept of entanglement. We find that the
defined entanglement measure is independent of CP violation while it has been
shown that nonlocality is sensitive to CP violation.


title:
Pattern recognition on random trees associated to protein functionality
  families

abstract:
  In this paper, we address the problem of identifying protein functionality
using the information contained in its aminoacid sequence. We propose a method
to define sequence similarity relationships that can be used as input for
classification and clustering via well known metric based statistical methods.
In our examples, we specifically address two problems of supervised and
unsupervised learning in structural genomics via simple metric based techniques
on the space of trees 1)Unsupervised detection of functionality families via K
means clustering in the space of trees, 2)Classification of new proteins into
known families via k nearest neighbour trees. We found evidence that the
similarity measure induced by our approach concentrates information for
discrimination. Classification has the same high performance than others VLMC
approaches. Clustering is a harder task, though, but our approach for
clustering is alignment free and automatic, and may lead to many interesting
variations by choosing other clustering or classification procedures that are
based on pre-computed similarity information, as the ones that performs
clustering using flow simulation, see (Yona et al 2000, Enright et al, 2003).


title:
The Spatial Distribution of Hard X-Ray Spectral Index and Local Magnetic
  Reconnection Rate

abstract:
  The rare phenomenon of ribbon-like hard X-ray (HXR) sources up to 100 keV
found in the 2005 May 13 M8.0 flare observed with the \textit{Reuven Ramaty
High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager} provides detailed information on the
spatial distribution of flare HXR emission. In this Letter, we further
investigate the characteristics of HXR emission in this event using imaging
spectroscopy, from which we obtain spatially resolved HXR spectral maps during
the flare impulsive phase. As a result we found, along a flare ribbon, an
anticorrelation relationship between the local HXR flux and the local HXR
spectral index. We suggest that this can be regarded as a spatial analog of the
well-known temporal soft-hard-soft spectral evolution pattern of the integrated
HXR flux. We also found an anticorrelation between HXR spectral index and local
electric field along the ribbon, which suggests the electron acceleration by
the electric field during flares.


title: An Indefinite Convection-Diffusion Operator With Real Spectrum

abstract:
  We confirm rigorously the conjecture, based on numerical and asymptotic
evidence, that all the eigenvalues of a certain non-self-adjoint operator are
real.


title: Searching for the Precursors of Life in External Galaxies

abstract:
  Are the organic molecules crucial for life on Earth abundant in early-epoch
galaxies? To address this, we searched for organic molecules in extragalactic
sources via their absorption features, known as diffuse interstellar bands
(DIBs). There is strong evidence that DIBs are associated with polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbon chains. Galaxies with a preponderance
of DIBs may be the most likely places in which to expect life.
  We use the method of quasar absorption lines to probe intervening early-epoch
galaxies for the DIBs. We present the equivalent width measurements of DIBs in
one neutral hydrogen (HI) abundant galaxy and limits for five DIB bands in six
other HI-rich galaxies (damped Lyman-alpha systems--DLAs). Our results reveal
that HI-rich galaxies are dust poor and have significantly lower reddening than
known DIB-rich Milky Way environments. We find that DIBs in HI-rich galaxies do
not show the same correlation with hydrogen abundance as observed in the Milky
Way; the extragalactic DIBs are underabundant by as much as 10 times. The lower
limit gas-to-dust ratios of four of the HI-rich early epoch galaxies are much
higher than the gas-to-dust ratios found in the Milky Way. Our results suggest
that the organic molecules responsible for the DIBs are underabundant in
HI-rich early epoch galaxies relative to the Milky Way.


title: Partition Polynomials: Asymptotics and Zeros

abstract:
  Let $F_n(x)$ be the partition polynomial $\sum_{k=1}^n p_k(n) x^k$ where
$p_k(n)$ is the number of partitions of $n$ with $k$ parts. We emphasize the
computational experiments using degrees up to $70,000$ to discover the
asymptotics of these polynomials. Surprisingly, the asymptotics of $F_n(x)$
have two scales of orders $n$ and $\sqrt{n}$ and in three different regimes
inside the unit disk. Consequently, the zeros converge to network of curves
inside the unit disk given in terms of the dilogarithm.


title: The LHC Inverse Problem, Supersymmetry, and the ILC

abstract:
  We address the question whether the ILC can resolve the LHC Inverse Problem
within the framework of the MSSM. We examine 242 points in the MSSM parameter
space which were generated at random and were found to give indistinguishable
signatures at the LHC. After a realistic simulation including full Standard
Model backgrounds and a fast detector simulation, we find that roughly only one
third of these scenarios lead to visible signatures of some kind with a
significance $\geq 5$ at the ILC with $\sqrt s=500$ GeV. Furthermore, we
examine these points in parameter space pairwise and find that only one third
of the pairs are distinguishable at the ILC at $5\sigma$.


title: Light curves of five type Ia supernovae at intermediate redshift

abstract:
  We present multi-band light curves and distances for five type Ia supernovae
at intermediate redshifts, 0.18<z<0.27. Three telescopes on the Canary Island
of La Palma, INT, NOT and JKT, were used for discovery and follow-up of type Ia
supernovae in the g' and r' filters. Supernova fluxes were measured by
simultaneously fitting a supernova and host galaxy model to the data, and then
calibrated using star catalogues from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The light
curve peak luminosities, corrected for light curve shape and colour, are
consistent with the expectations for a flat LambdaCDM universe at the 1.5-sigma
level. One supernova in the sample, SN1999dr, shows surprisingly large
reddening, considering that it is both located at a significant distance from
the core of its host (~4 times the fitted exponential radius) and that the
galaxy can be spectroscopically classified as early-type with no signs of
ongoing star formation.


title:
A Practical Approach to Coronal Magnetic Field Extrapolation Based on
  the Principle of Minimum Dissipation Rate

abstract:
  We present a newly developed approach to solar coronal magnetic field
extrapolation from vector magnetograms, based on the Principle of Minimum
Dissipation Rate (MDR). The MDR system was derived from a variational problem
that is more suitable for an open and externally driven system, like the solar
corona. The resulting magnetic field equation is more general than force-free.
Its solution can be expressed as the superposition of two linear
(constant-$\alpha$) force-free fields (LFFFs) with distinct $\alpha$
parameters, and one potential field. Thus the original extrapolation problem is
decomposed into three LFFF extrapolations, utilizing boundary data. The full
MDR-based approach requires two layers of vector magnetograph measurements on
solar surface, while a slightly modified practical approach only requires one.
We test both approaches against 3D MHD simulation data in a finite volume. Both
yield quantitatively good results. The errors in the magnetic energy estimate
are within a few percents. In particular, the main features of relatively
strong perpendicular current density structures, representative of the
non-force freeness of the solution, are well recovered.


title:
The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and
  Implications for the Initial Mass Function

abstract:
  We consider the radiative feedback processes that operate during the
formation of the first stars, including the photodissociation of H_2, Ly-alpha
radiation pressure, formation and expansion of an HII region, and disk
photoevaporation. These processes may inhibit continued accretion once the
stellar mass has reached a critical value, and we evaluate this mass separately
for each process. Photodissociation of H_2 in the local dark matter minihalo
occurs relatively early in the growth of the protostar, but we argue this does
not affect subsequent accretion since by this time the depth of the potential
is large enough for accretion to be mediated by atomic cooling. However,
neighboring starless minihalos can be affected. Ionization creates an HII
region in the infalling envelope above and below the accretion disk. Ly-alpha
radiation pressure acting at the boundary of the HII region is effective at
reversing infall from narrow polar directions when the star reaches ~20-30Msun,
but cannot prevent infall from other directions. Expansion of the HII region
beyond the gravitational escape radius for ionized gas occurs at masses
~50-100Msun, depending on the accretion rate and angular momentum of the
inflow. However, again, accretion from the equatorial regions can continue
since the neutral accretion disk has a finite thickness and shields a
substantial fraction of the accretion envelope from direct ionizing flux. At
higher stellar masses, ~140Msun in the fiducial case, the combination of
declining accretion rates and increasing photoevaporation-driven mass loss from
the disk act to effectively halt the increase in the protostellar mass. We
identify this process as the mechanism that terminates the growth of Population
III stars... (abridged)


title: From random matrices to random analytic functions

abstract:
  We consider two families of random matrix-valued analytic functions: (1)
G_1-zG_2 and (2) G_0 + zG_1 +z^2G_2+ ..., where G_i are n x n independent
random matrices with independent standard complex Gaussian entries. The set of
z where these matrix-valued analytic functions become singular, are shown to be
determinantal point processes on the sphere and the hyperbolic plane,
respectively. The kernels of these determinantal processes are reproducing
kernels of certain natural Hilbert spaces of analytic functions on the
corresponding surfaces. This gives a unified framework in which to view a
result of Peres and Virag (n=1 in the second setting) and a well known theorem
of Ginibre on Gaussian random matrices (which may be viewed as an analogue of
our results in the whole plane).


title:
VLBI Observations of Water Masers in Onsala 1: Massive Binary Star
  Forming Site?

abstract:
  We present proper motions of water masers toward the Onsala 1 star forming
region, observed with the Japanese VLBI network at three epochs spanning 290
days. We found that there are two water maser clusters (WMC1 and WMC2)
separated from each other by 1".6 (2900 AU at a distance of 1.8 kpc). The
proper motion measurement reveals that WMC1 is associated with a bipolar
outflow elongated in the east-west direction with an expansion velocity of
69+-11 km/s. WMC1 and WMC2 are associated with two 345 GHz continuum dust
emission sources, and located 2" (3600 AU) east from the core of an
ultracompact HII region traced by 8.4 GHz radio continuum emission. This
indicates that star formation activity of Onsala 1 could move from the west
side of ultracompact HII region to the east side of two young stellar objects
associated with the water masers. We also find that WMC1 and UC HII region
could be gravitationally bound. Their relative velocity along the line of sight
is 3 km/s, and total mass is 37 Mo. Onsala 1 seems to harbor a binary star at
different evolutionary stage.


title:
Preliminaries in Many-Particle Quantum Gravity: Einstein-Friedmann
  Spacetime

abstract:
  Preliminaries for Many-Particle approach to quantization of Einstein-Hilbert
theory of gravitation are presented in this paper. Einstein-Friedmann Spacetime
is detailed discussed from this point of view. Von Neumann-Araki-Woods second
quantization in Fock space of canonical Hamilton field equations is presented.
In result Spacetime as system with Bose-Einstein statistics is described and
thermodynamics of the system is computed.


title:
Implications of kHz QPOs for the spin frequencies and magnetic fields of
  neutron stars: new results from Circinus X-1

abstract:
  Detection of paired kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in the
X-ray emission of a compact object is compelling evidence that the object is an
accreting neutron star. In many neutron stars, the stellar spin rate is equal
or roughly equal to Delta-nu, the frequency separation of the QPO pair, or to
2Delta-nu. Hence, if the mechanism that produces the kilohertz QPOs is similar
in all stars, measurement of Delta-nu can provide an estimate of the star's
spin rate. The involvement of the stellar spin in producing Delta-nu indicates
that the magnetic fields of these stars are dynamically important.
  We focus here on the implications of the paired kHz QPOs recently discovered
in the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system Cir X-1 (Boutloukos et al. 2006).
The kHz QPOs discovered in Cir X-1 are generally similar to those seen in other
stars, establishing that the compact object in the Cir X-1 system is a neutron
star. However, the frequency nu-u of its upper kHz QPO is up to a factor of
three smaller than is typical, and Delta-nu varies by about a factor 2 (167 Hz,
the largest variation so far observed). Periodic oscillations have not yet been
detected from Cir X-1, so its spin rate has not yet been measured directly. The
low values of nu-u and the large variation of Delta-nu challenge current models
of the generation of kHz QPOs. Improving our understanding of Cir X-1 will
improve our knowledge of the spin rates and magnetic fields of all neutron
stars.


title: Neutrino and scalar boson mass in algebraic quantum field theory

abstract:
  The hypothesis is explored that fermion rest mass is due entirely to
self-interaction via virtual excitation of gauge bosons. This requires revising
the standard model to treat both chiral projections of a fermion field as SU(2)
doublets, which precludes Yukawa coupling to a scalar (Higgs) boson field. The
estimated self-interaction mass of the electron neutrino is
$0.291\times10^{-5}m_e$. The implied self-interaction mass of the Higgs boson
itself is very small, comparable to the neutrino. Because there is no direct
coupling to fermions, only to the $Z^0$ gauge boson, this can be reconciled
with failure to detect low-mass Higgs bosons. This argument eliminates many
undetermined parameters of the standard model, but requires an {\it ad hoc}
Lagrangian term to account for neutral current asymmetries. The proposed
algebraic formalism is consistent with fermion generations defined by distinct
eigenvalues of a self-interaction mass operator.


title: On Minimal Tree Realizations of Linear Codes

abstract:
  A tree decomposition of the coordinates of a code is a mapping from the
coordinate set to the set of vertices of a tree. A tree decomposition can be
extended to a tree realization, i.e., a cycle-free realization of the code on
the underlying tree, by specifying a state space at each edge of the tree, and
a local constraint code at each vertex of the tree. The constraint complexity
of a tree realization is the maximum dimension of any of its local constraint
codes. A measure of the complexity of maximum-likelihood decoding for a code is
its treewidth, which is the least constraint complexity of any of its tree
realizations.
  It is known that among all tree realizations of a code that extends a given
tree decomposition, there exists a unique minimal realization that minimizes
the state space dimension at each vertex of the underlying tree. In this paper,
we give two new constructions of these minimal realizations. As a by-product of
the first construction, a generalization of the state-merging procedure for
trellis realizations, we obtain the fact that the minimal tree realization also
minimizes the local constraint code dimension at each vertex of the underlying
tree. The second construction relies on certain code decomposition techniques
that we develop. We further observe that the treewidth of a code is related to
a measure of graph complexity, also called treewidth. We exploit this
connection to resolve a conjecture of Forney's regarding the gap between the
minimum trellis constraint complexity and the treewidth of a code. We present a
family of codes for which this gap can be arbitrarily large.


title:
On weighted approximations in $D[0, 1]$ with applications to
  self-normalized partial sum processes

abstract:
  Let $X, X_1, X_2,...$ be a sequence of non-degenerate i.i.d. random variables
with mean zero. The best possible weighted approximations are investigated in
$D[0, 1]$ for the partial sum processes $\{S_{[nt]}, 0\le t\le 1\}$, where
$S_n=\sum_{j=1}^nX_j$, under the assumption that $X$ belongs to the domain of
attraction of the normal law. The conclusions then are used to establish
similar results for the sequence of self-normalized partial sum processes
$\{S_{[nt]}/V_n, 0\le t\le 1\}$, where $V_n^2=\sum_{j=1}^nX_j^2$. $L_p$
approximations of self-normalized partial sum processes are also discussed.


title: Asymptotics of Studentized U-type processes for changepoint problems

abstract:
  This paper investigates weighted approximations for studentized
$U$-statistics type processes, both with symmetric and antisymmetric kernels,
only under the assumption that the distribution of the projection variate is in
the domain of attraction of the normal law. The classical second moment
condition $E|h(X_1,X_2)|^2 < \infty$ is also relaxed in both cases. The results
can be used for testing the null assumption of having a random sample versus
the alternative that there is a change in distribution in the sequence.


title: Relativistic Radiation Hydrodynamical Accretion Disk Winds

abstract:
  Accretion disk winds browing off perpendicular to a luminous disk are
examined in the framework of fully special relativistic radiation
hydrodynamics. The wind is assumed to be steady, vertical, and isothermal. %and
the gravitational fields is approximated by a pseudo-Newtonian potential. Using
a velocity-dependent variable Eddington factor, we can solve the rigorous
equations of relativistic radiative hydrodynamics, and can obtain radiatively
driven winds accelerated up to the {\it relativistic} speed. For less luminous
cases, disk winds are transonic types passing through saddle type critical
points, and the final speed of winds increases as the disk flux and/or the
isothermal sound speed increase. For luminous cases, on the other hand, disk
winds are always supersonic, since critical points disappear due to the
characteristic nature of the disk gravitational fields. The boundary between
the transonic and supersonic types is located at around $\hat{F}_{\rm c} \sim
0.1 (\epsilon+p)/(\rho c^2)/\gamma_{\rm c}$, where $\hat{F}_{\rm c}$ is the
radiative flux at the critical point normalized by the local Eddington
luminosity, $(\epsilon+p)/(\rho c^2)$ is the enthalpy of the gas divided by the
rest mass energy, and $\gamma_{\rm c}$ is the Lorentz factor of the wind
velocity at the critical point. In the transonic winds, the final speed becomes
0.4--0.8$c$ for typical parameters, while it can reach $\sim c$ in the
supersonic winds.


title: Radiative Transfer in Relativistic Accretion-Disk Winds

abstract:
  Radiative transfer in a relativistic accretion disk wind is examined under
the plane-parallel approximation in the fully special relativistic treatment.
For an equilibrium flow, where the flow speed and the source function are
constant, the emergent intensity is analytically obtained. In such an
equilibrium flow the usual limb-darkening effect does not appear, since the
source function is constant. Due to the Doppler and aberration effects
associated with the relativistic motion of winds, however, the emergent
intensity is strongly enhanced toward the flow direction. This is the {\it
relativistic peaking effect}. We thus carefully treat and estimate the
appearance of relativistic winds and jets, when we observe them in an arbitrary
direction.


title: Spherical Relativistic Radiation Flows with Variable Eddington Factor

abstract:
  We solve spherically symmetric radiation flows under full special relativity
with the help of a variable Eddington factor $f(\tau, \beta)$, where $\tau$ is
the optical depth and $\beta$ is the flow velocity normalized by the speed of
light. Relativistic radiation hydrodynamics under the moment formalism has
several complex problems, such as a closure relation. Conventional moment
equations closed with the traditional Eddington approximation in the comoving
frame have singularity, beyond which the flow cannot be accelerated. In order
to avoid such a pathological behavior inherent in the relativistic moment
formalism, we propose a variable Eddington factor, which depends on the flow
velocity as well as the optical depth, for the case of the sperically symmertic
one-dimensional flow. We then calculate the relaticistic spherical flow with
such variable Eddington factors to investigate the case that gas is accelerated
by radiative force. As a result, it is shown that the gas speed reaches around
the speed of light by radiation pressure.


title: From Rota-Baxter Algebras to Pre-Lie Algebras

abstract:
  Rota-Baxter algebras were introduced to solve some analytic and combinatorial
problems and have appeared in many fields in mathematics and mathematical
physics. Rota-Baxter algebras provide a construction of pre-Lie algebras from
associative algebras. In this paper, we give all Rota-Baxter operators of
weight 1 on complex associative algebras in dimension $\leq 3$ and their
corresponding pre-Lie algebras.


title: The Star Formation Demographics of Galaxies in the Local Volume

abstract:
  We examine the connections between the current global star formation
activity, luminosity, dynamical mass and morphology of galaxies in the Local
Volume, using H-alpha data from the 11 Mpc H-alpha and Ultraviolet Galaxy
Survey (11HUGS). Taking the equivalent width (EW) of the H-alpha emission line
as a tracer of the specific star formation rate, we analyze the distribution of
galaxies in the M_B-EW and rotational velocity (V_{max})-EW planes.
Star-forming galaxies show two characteristic transitions in these planes. A
narrowing of the galaxy locus occurs at M_B~-15 and V_{max}~50 km/s, where the
scatter in the logarithmic EWs drops by a factor of two as the
luminosities/masses increase, and galaxy morphologies shift from predominately
irregular to late-type spiral. Another transition occurs at M_B~-19 and
V_{max}~120 km/s, above which the sequence turns off toward lower EWs and
becomes mostly populated by intermediate and early-type bulge-prominent
spirals. Between these two transitions, the mean logarithmic EW appears to
remain constant at 30 A. We comment on how these features reflect established
empirical relationships, and provide clues for identifying the large-scale
physical processes that both drive and regulate star formation, with emphasis
on the low-mass galaxies that dominate our approximately volume-limited sample.


title:
Leading coefficients of Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomials for Deodhar
  elements

abstract:
  We show that the leading coefficient of the Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomial
$P_{x,w}(q)$ known as $\mu(x,w)$ is always either 0 or 1 when $w$ is a Deodhar
element of a finite Weyl group. The Deodhar elements have previously been
characterized using pattern avoidance by Billey--Warrington (2001) and
Billey--Jones (2007). In type $A$, these elements are precisely the 321-hexagon
avoiding permutations. Using Deodhar's (1990) algorithm, we provide some
combinatorial criteria to determine when $\mu(x,w) = 1$ for such permutations
$w$.


title: Nuclear-spin relaxation of $^{207}$Pb in ferroelectric powders

abstract:
  Motivated by a recent proposal by O. P. Sushkov and co-workers to search for
a P,T-violating Schiff moment of the $^{207}$Pb nucleus in a ferroelectric
solid, we have carried out a high-field nuclear magnetic resonance study of the
longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation of the lead nuclei from room
temperature down to 10 K for powder samples of lead titanate (PT), lead
zirconium titanate (PZT), and a PT monocrystal. For all powder samples and
independently of temperature, transverse relaxation times were found to be
$T_2\approx 1.5 $ms, while the longitudinal relaxation times exhibited a
temperature dependence, with $T_1$ of over an hour at the lowest temperatures,
decreasing to $T_1\approx 7 $s at room temperature. At high temperatures, the
observed behavior is consistent with a two-phonon Raman process, while in the
low temperature limit, the relaxation appears to be dominated by a
single-phonon (direct) process involving magnetic impurities. This is the first
study of temperature-dependent nuclear-spin relaxation in PT and PZT
ferroelectrics at such low temperatures. We discuss the implications of the
results for the Schiff-moment search.


title: Complementarity of LHC and ILC

abstract:
  Two next-generation high-energy experiments, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
and the $e^+e^-$ International Linear Collider (ILC), are highly expected to
unravel the new structure of matter and forces from the electroweak scale to
the TeV scale. In this talk we give a compelling but rather descriptive review
of the complementary role of LHC and ILC in drawing a comprehensive and high
precision picture of the mechanism breaking the electroweak symmetries and
generating mass, the unification of forces and the structure of spacetime.
Supersymmetry is exploited in this description as a prototype scenario of the
physics beyond the Standard Model.


title: An abundance analysis of bright giants in the globular cluster NGC 1851

abstract:
  We present the chemical compositions for eight bright giants in the globular
cluster NGC 1851. Our analysis reveals large star-to-star abundance variations
and correlations of the light elements O, Na, and Al, a feature found in every
well studied globular cluster. However, NGC 1851 also exhibits large
star-to-star abundance variations of the s-process elements Zr and La. These
s-process elements are correlated with Al, and anticorrelated with O.
Furthermore, the Zr and La abundances appear to cluster around two distinct
values. A recent study revealed a double subgiant branch in NGC 1851. Our data
reinforce the notion that there are two stellar populations in NGC 1851 and
indicate that this cluster has experienced a complicated formation history with
similarities to omega Centauri.


title: Bulk scalar emission from a rotating black hole pierced by a tense brane

abstract:
  We study the emission of scalar fields into the bulk from a six-dimensional
rotating black hole pierced by a 3-brane. We determine the angular eigenvalues
in the presence of finite brane tension by using the continued fraction method.
The radial equation is integrated numerically, giving the absorption
probability (graybody factor) in a wider frequency range than in the
preexisting literature. We then compute the power and angular momentum emission
spectra for different values of the rotation parameter and brane tension, and
compare their relative behavior in detail. As is expected from the earlier
result for a nonrotating black hole, the finite brane tension suppresses the
emission rates. As the rotation parameter increases, the power spectra are
reduced at low frequencies due to the smaller Hawking temperature and are
enhanced at high frequencies due to superradiance. The angular momentum spectra
are enhanced over the whole frequency range as the rotation parameter
increases. The spectra and the amounts of energy and angular momentum radiated
away into the bulk are thus determined by the interplay of these effects.


title: Novikov-symplectic cohomology and exact Lagrangian embeddings

abstract:
  Let L be an exact Lagrangian submanifold inside the cotangent bundle of a
closed manifold N. We prove that if N satisfies a mild homotopy assumption then
the image of \pi_2(L) in \pi_2(N) has finite index.
  We make no assumption on the Maslov class of L, and we make no orientability
assumptions. The homotopy assumption is either that N is simply connected, or
more generally that \pi_m(N) is finitely generated for each m \geq 2.
  The result is proved by constructing the Novikov homology theory for
symplectic cohomology and generalizing Viterbo's construction of a transfer map
between the homologies of the free loopspaces of N and L.


title: Quantum Chernoff Bound metric for the XY model at finite temperature

abstract:
  We explore the finite temperature phase diagram of the anisotropic XY spin
chain using the Quantum Chernoff Bound metric on thermal states. The analysis
of the metric elements allows to easily identify, in terms of different scaling
with temperature, quasi-classical and quantum-critical regions. These results
extend recent ones obtained using the Bures metric and show that different
information-theoretic notions of distance can carry the same sophisticated
information about the phase diagram of an interacting many-body system
featuring quantum-critical points.


title:
An Introduction to the Density Matrix Renormalization Group Ansatz in
  Quantum Chemistry

abstract:
  The Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) is an electronic structure
method that has recently been applied to ab-initio quantum chemistry. Even at
this early stage, it has enabled the solution of many problems that would
previously have been intractable with any other method, in particular,
multireference problems with very large active spaces. Historically, the DMRG
was not originally formulated from a wavefunction perspective, but rather in a
Renormalisation Group (RG) language. However, it is now realised that a
wavefunction view of the DMRG provides a more convenient, and in some cases
more powerful, paradigm. Here we provide an expository introduction to the DMRG
ansatz in the context of quantum chemistry.


title:
Microwave-Absorption-Induced Heating of Surface State Electrons on
  Liquid 3He

abstract:
  A resonance-induced change in the resistivity of the surface state electrons
(SSE) exposed to the microwave (MW) radiation is observed. The MW frequency
corresponds to the transition energy between two lowest Rydberg energy levels.
All measurements are done with electrons over liquid 3He in a temperature range
0.45-0.65 K, in which the electron relaxation time and the MW absorption
linewidth are determined by collisions with helium vapor atoms. The input MW
power is varied by two orders of magnitude, and the resistivity is always found
to increase. This effect is attributed to the heating of electrons with the
resonance MW radiation. The temperature and the momentum relaxation rate of the
hot electrons are calculated as a function of the MW power in the cell, and the
Rabi frequency is determined from the comparison of the theoretical result with
the experiment. In addition, the broadening of the absorption signal caused by
the heating is studied experimentally, and the results are found to be in good
agreement with our calculations.


title:
Polynomials associated with Partitions: Polynomials associated with
  Partitions: Their Asymptotics and Zeros

abstract:
  Let $p_n$ be the number of partitions of an integer $n$. For each of the
partition statistics of counting their parts, ranks, or cranks, there is a
natural family of integer polynomials. We investigate their asymptotics and the
limiting behavior of their zeros as sets and densities.


title: Towards a Sound Theory of Adaptation for the Simple Genetic Algorithm

abstract:
  The pace of progress in the fields of Evolutionary Computation and Machine
Learning is currently limited -- in the former field, by the improbability of
making advantageous extensions to evolutionary algorithms when their capacity
for adaptation is poorly understood, and in the latter by the difficulty of
finding effective semi-principled reductions of hard real-world problems to
relatively simple optimization problems. In this paper we explain why a theory
which can accurately explain the simple genetic algorithm's remarkable capacity
for adaptation has the potential to address both these limitations. We describe
what we believe to be the impediments -- historic and analytic -- to the
discovery of such a theory and highlight the negative role that the building
block hypothesis (BBH) has played. We argue based on experimental results that
a fundamental limitation which is widely believed to constrain the SGA's
adaptive ability (and is strongly implied by the BBH) is in fact illusionary
and does not exist. The SGA therefore turns out to be more powerful than it is
currently thought to be. We give conditions under which it becomes feasible to
numerically approximate and study the multivariate marginals of the search
distribution of an infinite population SGA over multiple generations even when
its genomes are long, and explain why this analysis is relevant to the riddle
of the SGA's remarkable adaptive abilities.


title:
Tannaka-Krein reconstruction and a characterization of modular tensor
  categories

abstract:
  We show that every modular category is equivalent as an additive ribbon
category to the category of finite-dimensional comodules of a Weak Hopf
Algebra. This Weak Hopf Algebra is finite-dimensional, split cosemisimple,
weakly cofactorizable, coribbon and has trivially intersecting base algebras.
In order to arrive at this characterization of modular categories, we develop a
generalization of Tannaka-Krein reconstruction to the long version of the
canonical forgetful functor which is lax and oplax monoidal, but not in general
strong monoidal, thereby avoiding all the difficulties related to non-integral
Frobenius-Perron dimensions.


title:
Slow light with flat or offset band edges in multi-mode fiber with two
  gratings

abstract:
  We consider mode coupling in multimode optical fibers using either two Bragg
gratings or a Bragg grating and a long-period grating. We show that the
magnitude of the band edge curvature can be controlled leading to a flat,
quartic band-edge or to two band edges at distinct, nonequivalent $k$-values,
allowing precise control of slow light propagation.


title: More Detailed Descriptions of Locality and Realism

abstract:
  Many experiments have shown that locality-realism theory is at variance with
quantum mechanics predictions. Although locality and realism, which are two
different conceptions, are given respective definition, the descriptions of the
both are a little of abstract when they are applied to real experimental
situations. The abstract descriptions result in difficulty for one to judge
whether the variance come from locality or realism or both. Here we provide
more detailed descriptions of locality and realism, and show that any system
being in a pure state or a non-maximally mixed state has property of
non-realism. We also present experimental schemes feasible under current
technologies to test the non-locality realsim. The connections between
non-locality and entanglement and correlation are also discussed.


title: RNA-LEGO: Combinatorial Design of Pseudoknot RNA

abstract:
  In this paper we enumerate $k$-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures with
given minimum stack-length. We show that the numbers of $k$-noncrossing
structures without isolated base pairs are significantly smaller than the
number of all $k$-noncrossing structures. In particular we prove that the
number of 3- and 4-noncrossing RNA structures with stack-length $\ge 2$ is for
large $n$ given by $311.2470 \frac{4!}{n(n-1)...(n-4)}2.5881^n$ and $1.217\cdot
10^{7} n^{-{21/2}} 3.0382^n$, respectively. We furthermore show that for
$k$-noncrossing RNA structures the drop in exponential growth rates between the
number of all structures and the number of all structures with stack-size $\ge
2$ increases significantly. Our results are of importance for prediction
algorithms for pseudoknot-RNA and provide evidence that there exist neutral
networks of RNA pseudoknot structures.


title: Quantum Stochastic Heating of a Trapped Ion

abstract:
  The resonant heating of a harmonically trapped ion by a standing-wave light
field is described as a quantum stochastic process combining a coherent
Schroedinger evolution with Bohr-Einstein quantum jumps. Quantum and
semi-quantum treatments are compared.


title: HI Mapping of Galaxies in Six GEMS Groups

abstract:
  Here we present Australia Telescope Compact Array HI maps of 16 HI sources in
six Group Evolution Multiwavelength Study (GEMS) groups that were previously
observed with the Parkes telescope. The higher spatial resolution of the ATCA
allows us to clearly identify the optical counterparts for the first time --
most being associated with low surface brightness late-type galaxies. New
integrated HI maps and velocity fields for each source are presented. We find
several interacting systems; one of which contains three galaxies within a
common HI envelope. Extended HI structures in the sample are more consistent
with tidal effects than ram pressure stripping. We identify two HI detections
with previously uncatalogued optical galaxies, and add a total of six newly
identified group members to the NGC 3923, 5044 and 7144 groups.


title:
Particle-number conservation in static-path approximation for thermal
  superfluid systems

abstract:
  By applying particle-number projection to the static-path approximation
(SPA), the heat capacity and the breakdown of pairing correlations are
investigated in the thermally excited, superfluid systems 172Yb, 94Mo, and
56Fe. For the heavy nucleus 172Yb, the heat capacities in both the SPA and the
number-projected SPA (NPSPA) exhibit an S shape; the difference between the SPA
and NPSPA heat-capacity curves is not very large and the particle-number
projection thereby enhances the S shape already seen in the SPA. The
temperature at which the S-shape of heat capacity curve occurs parallels the
temperature of the breakdown of pairing correlations as indicated by the
effective pairing gap. However, for the comparatively lighter nuclei 94Mo and
56Fe, the SPA does not produce an S-shaped heat capacity on its own; only after
particle-number projection the S shape appears in the heat-capacity curve. For
94Mo, we compare the NPSPA result with thermal odd-even mass differences, which
are regarded as a direct measure of the pairing gap.


title:
Enhancing synchronization in complex networks of coupled phase
  oscillators

abstract:
  By a model of coupled phase oscillators, we show analytically how
synchronization in {\em non-identical} complex networks can be enhanced by
introducing a proper gradient into the couplings. It is found that, by pointing
the gradient from the large-degree to the small-degree nodes on each link,
increasing the gradient strength will bring forward the {\em onset} of network
synchronization monotonically, and, under the same gradient strength,
heterogeneous networks are more synchronizable than homogeneous networks. These
findings are verified by extensive simulations.


title:
Merger of black hole and neutron star in general relativity: Tidal
  disruption, torus mass, and gravitational waves

abstract:
  We systematically perform the merger simulation of black hole-neutron star
(BH-NS) binaries in full general relativity, focusing on the case that the NS
is tidally disrupted. We prepare BH-NS binaries in a quasicircular orbit as the
initial condition in which the BH is modeled by a nonspinning moving puncture.
For modeling the NS, we adopt the $\Gamma$-law equation of state with
$\Gamma=2$ and the irrotational velocity field. We change the BH mass in the
range $M_{\rm BH} \approx 3.3$--$4.6M_{\odot}$, while the rest mass of the NS
is fixed to be $M_{*}=1.4 M_{\odot}$ (i.e., the NS mass $M_{\rm NS} \approx
1.3M_{\odot}$). The radius of the corresponding spherical NS is set in the
range $R_{\rm NS} \approx 12$--15 km (i.e., the compactness $GM_{\rm NS}/R_{\rm
NS}c^2 \approx 0.13$--0.16). We find for all the chosen initial conditions that
the NS is tidally disrupted near the innermost stable circular orbit. For the
model of $R_{\rm NS}=12$ km, more than 97 % of the rest mass is quickly
swallowed into the BH and the resultant torus mass surrounding the BH is less
than $0.04M_{\odot}$. For the model of $R_{\rm NS} \approx 14.7$ km, by
contrast, the torus mass is about $0.16M_{\odot}$ for the BH mass $\approx
4M_{\odot}$. The thermal energy of the material in the torus increases by the
shock heating occurred in the collision between the spiral arms, resulting in
the temperature $10^{10}$--$10^{11}$ K. (.. omission ..) We also present
gravitational waveforms during the inspiral, tidal disruption of the NS, and
subsequent evolution of the disrupted material. (.. omission ..)


title: Testing a new luminosity/redshift indicator for $\gamma$-ray bursts

abstract:
  We have tested a relative spectral lag (RSL) method suggested earlier as a
luminosity/redshift (or distance) estimator, using the generalized method by
Schaefer & Collazzi. We find the derivations from the luminosity/redshift-RSL
(L/R-RSL) relation are comparable with the corresponding observations. Applying
the luminosity-RSL relation to two different GRB samples, we find that there
exist no violators from the generalized test, namely the Nakar & Piran test and
Li test. We also find that about 36 per cent of Schaefer's sample are outliers
for the L/R-RSL relation within 1$\sigma$ confidence level, but no violators at
3$\sigma$ level within the current precision of L/R-RSL relation. An analysis
of several potential outliers for other luminosity relations shows they can
match the L/R-RSL relation well within an acceptable uncertainty. All the
coincident results seem to suggest that this relation could be a potential tool
for cosmological study.


title: Poisson brackets in Hydrodynamics

abstract:
  This paper investigates different Poisson structures that have been proposed
to give a Hamiltonian formulation to evolution equations issued from fluid
mechanics. Our aim is to explore the main brackets which have been proposed and
to discuss the difficulties which arise when one tries to give a rigorous
meaning to these brackets. Our main interest is in the definition of a valid
and usable bracket to study rotational fluid flows with a free boundary. We
discuss some results which have emerged in the literature to solve some of the
difficulties that arise. It appears to the author that the main problems are
still open.


title: The Impact of Rotation on the Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

abstract:
  High precision photometry and spectroscopy of low-mass stars reveal a variety
of properties standard stellar evolution cannot predict. Rotation, an essential
ingredient of stellar evolution, is a step towards resolving the discrepancy
between model predictions and observations. The first rotating stellar model,
continuously tracing a low-mass star from the pre-main sequence onto the
horizontal branch, is presented. The predicted luminosity functions of globular
clusters and surface rotation velocities on the horizontal branch are
discussed.


title:
On the radion mediation of the Supersymmetry breaking in N=2, D=5
  Supergravity Orbifolds

abstract:
  We discuss the on-shell N=1 Supersymmetric coupling of brane chiral
multiplets in the context of N=2, D=5 Supergravity compactified on $S_1/Z_2$
orbifolds. Assuming a constant superpotential on the hidden brane we study the
transmission of the supersymmetry breaking to the visible brane. We find that
to lowest order in the five dimensional Newton's constant $k_5^2$ and gravitino
mass $m_{3/2}^2$ the spinor field of the radion multiplet is responsible of
inducing positive one-loop squared masses $m_{\phi}^2 \sim {m_{3/2}^2} /
(M_{Planck}^2 R^2)$ to the scalar fields which are localized on the visible
brane with $R$ the length scale of the fifth dimension. Considering a cubic
superpotential on the visible brane we also find that non-vanishing soft
trilinear scalar couplings $A$ are induced given by $A=3m_{\phi}^2/m_{3/2}$.


title: Shock waves from heavy-quark mesons in AdS/CFT

abstract:
  We calculate the far-field stress-energy tensor of a quark gluon plasma due
to a heavy-quark meson moving through it, using a semi-classical description in
string theory of the meson as a string hanging into anti-de Sitter space. We
find that these mesons create a shock wave but no diffusion wake, in contrast
to single heavy quarks described via a trailing string, where the diffusion
wake is strong. If thermal QCD responds similarly to heavy quarks and heavy
quarkonia, the presence or suppression of the diffusion wake constitutes a
prediction which can in principle be checked in heavy-ion collisions.


title: Charmless 3-body B Decays: Resonant and Nonresonant Contributions

abstract:
  Charmless 3-body decays of $B$ mesons are studied using a simple model based
on the framework of the factorization approach. We have identified a large
source of the nonresonant signal in the matrix elements of scalar densities,
e.g. $<K\bar K|\bar ss|0>$. This explains the dominance of the nonresonant
background in $B\to KKK$ decays, the sizable nonresonant fraction of order
$(35\sim 40)%$ in $K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\bar K^0\pi^+\pi^-$ modes and the
smallness of nonresonant rates in $B\to \pi\pi\pi$ decays. We have computed the
resonant and nonresonant contributions to charmless 3-body decays and
determined the rates for the quasi-two-body decays $B\to VP$ and $B\to SP$.
Time-dependent CP asymmetries $\sin2\beta_{\rm eff}$ and $A_{CP}$ in
$K^+K^-K_S,K_SK_SK_S,K_S\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K_S\pi^0\pi^0$ modes are estimated.


title: Boxicity of Halin Graphs

abstract:
  A k-dimensional box is the Cartesian product R_1 x R_2 x ... x R_k where each
R_i is a closed interval on the real line. The boxicity of a graph G, denoted
as box(G) is the minimum integer k such that G is the intersection graph of a
collection of k-dimensional boxes. Halin graphs are the graphs formed by taking
a tree with no degree 2 vertex and then connecting its leaves to form a cycle
in such a way that the graph has a planar embedding. We prove that if G is a
Halin graph that is not isomorphic to K_4, then box(G)=2. In fact, we prove the
stronger result that if G is a planar graph formed by connecting the leaves of
any tree in a simple cycle, then box(G)=2 unless G is isomorphic to K_4 (in
which case its boxicity is 1).


title: The stable magnetic field of the fullly-convective star V374 Peg

abstract:
  We report in this paper phase-resolved spectropolarimetric observations of
the rapidly-rotating fully-convective M4 dwarf V374 Peg, on which a strong,
mainly axisymmetric, large-scale poloidal magnetic field was recently detected.
In addition to the original data set secured in 2005 August, we present here
new data collected in 2005 September and 2006 August. From the rotational
modulation of unpolarised line profiles, we conclude that starspots are present
at the surface of the star, but their contrast and fractional coverage are much
lower than those of non-fully convective active stars with similar rotation
rate. Applying tomographic imaging on each set of circularly polarised profiles
separately, we find that the large-scale magnetic topology is remarkably stable
on a timescale of 1 yr; repeating the analysis on the complete data set
suggests that the magnetic configuration is sheared by very weak differential
rotation (about 1/10th of the solar surface shear) and only slightly distorted
by intrinsic variability. This result is at odds with various theoretical
predictions, suggesting that dynamo fields of fully-convective stars should be
mostly non-axisymmetric unless they succeed at triggering significant
differential rotation.


title:
Index of refraction of gases for matter waves: effect of the motion of
  the gas particles on the calculation of the index

abstract:
  Two different formulae relating the index of refraction $n$ of gases for atom
waves to the scattering amplitude have been published. We show here that these
two formulae are not consistent with the definition of the total scattering
cross-section while the formula developed by one of us (C.C.) in her thesis is
in agreement with this standard knowledge. We discuss this result, in
particular in the neutron case for which such an index was first introduced. We
finally evaluate the index of refraction as a function of well known quantities
and we discuss the order of magnitude of the ratio of $(n-1)/n_t$, where $n_t$
is the gas density.


title:
Finite-dimensional Hopf C*-bimodules and C*-pseudo-multiplicative
  unitaries

abstract:
  Finite quantum groupoids can be described in many equivalent ways: In terms
of the weak Hopf C*-algebras of B\"ohm, Nill, and Szlach\'anyi or the
finite-dimensional Hopf-von Neumann bimodules of Vallin, and in terms of
finite-dimensional multiplicative partial isometries or the finite-dimensional
pseudo-multiplicative unitaries of Vallin.
  In this short note, we show that in finite dimensions, the notions of a
Hopf-von Neumann bimodule and of a pseudo-multiplicative unitary coincide with
the notions of a concrete Hopf-C*-bimodule and of a C*-pseudo-multiplicative
unitary, respectively.


title: Long-time tails in sheared fluids

abstract:
  The long-time behaviors of the velocity autocorrelation function $C(t)$ for
sheared fluids ^M are investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found
the existence of the cross-overs of^M $C(t)$ from $t^{-d/2}$ to $t^{-d}$ ^M in
sheared fluids of elastic particles without any thermostat, and from $t^{-d/2}$
to $t^{-(d+2)/2}$ ^M in both sheared fluids of elastic particles with a
thermostat and sheared granular fluids,^M where $d$ is the spatial dimension.
^M The validity of the predictions has been confirmed by^M our numerical
simulations.


title: Number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive random walker

abstract:
  The asymptotic mean number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive
continuous time random walker in two dimensions seems not to have been
explicitly calculated anywhere in the literature. This number has been
calculated for other dimensions for only one specific asymptotic behavior of
the waiting time distribution between steps. We present an explicit derivation
for two cases in all integer dimensions so as to formally complete a tableaux
of results. In this tableaux we include the dominant as well as subdominant
contributions in all integer dimensions. Other quantities that can be
calculated from the mean number of distinct sites visited are also discussed.


title: Superfluidity of an interacting trapped quasi-2D Bose gas

abstract:
  We investigate the harmonically trapped interacting Bose gas in a quasi-2D
geometry using the classical field method. The system exhibits quasi-long-range
order and non-classical rotational inertia at temperatures below the
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless cross-over to the superfluid state. In
particular, we compute the scissors-mode oscillation frequencies and find that
the irrotational mode changes its frequency as the temperature is sweeped
across the cross-over thus providing microscopic evidence for the emergence of
superfluidity.


title: Composite Wavelet Transforms: Applications and Perspectives

abstract:
  We introduce a new concept of the so-called {\it composite wavelet
transforms}. These transforms are generated by two components, namely, a kernel
function and a wavelet function (or a measure). The composite wavelet
transforms and the relevant Calder\'{o}n-type reproducing formulas constitute a
unified approach to explicit inversion of the Riesz, Bessel, Flett, parabolic
and some other operators of the potential type generated by ordinary
(Euclidean) and generalized (Bessel) translations. This approach is exhibited
in the paper. Another concern is application of the composite wavelet
transforms to explicit inversion of the k-plane Radon transform on $\bbr^n$. We
also discuss in detail a series of open problems arising in wavelet analysis of
$L_p$-functions of matrix argument.


title: Not gate in a cis-trans photoisomerization model

abstract:
  We numerically study the implementation of a NOT gate by laser pulses in a
model molecular system presenting two electronic surfaces coupled by non
adiabatic interactions. The two states of the bit are the fundamental states of
the cis-trans isomers of the molecule. The gate is classical in the sense that
it involves a one-qubit flip so that the encoding of the outputs is based on
population analysis which does not take the phases into account. This gate can
also be viewed as a double photo-switch process with the property that the same
electric field controls the two isomerizations. As an example, we consider
one-dimensional cuts in a model of the retinal in rhodopsin already proposed in
the literature. The laser pulses are computed by the Multi Target Optimal
Control Theory with chirped pulses as trial fields. Very high fidelities are
obtained. We also examine the stability of the control when the system is
coupled to a bath of oscillators modelled by an Ohmic spectral density. The
bath correlation time scale being smaller than the pulse duration the dynamics
is carried out in the Markovian approximation.


title:
Local Polarization Switching in the Presence of Surface Charged Defects:
  Microscopic Mechanisms and Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy Observations

abstract:
  The thermodynamics and kinetics of tip-induced polarization switching in
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy in the presence of surface charge defects is
studied using the combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The
signature of the defects in hysteresis loop fine structure and Switching
Spectroscopy PFM images is identified and compared to experimental
observations. An approach for the deconvolution of PFM spectroscopy
measurements to extract relevant defect parameters is derived. This methodology
is universal and can be extended to switching in other ferroics and in
reversible electrochemical processes, establishing a pathway for the
understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions at a
single defect level.


title:
Finite temperature Lattice QCD with two flavors of improved Wilson
  fermions

abstract:
  We present results of finite temperature QCD from N_f=2 flavors of
non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions on lattices with N_t=8, 10 and 12.
The transition temperature T_c is determined for the first time at lattice
spacings as low as a = 0.08 fm, albeit at pion masses 1.3 < r_0 m_\pi. We
furthermore compute the screening masses in various color channels at T>T_c.


title: Spectrum of the Laplacian on manifolds with Spin(9) holonomy

abstract:
  We consider noncompact complete manifolds with Spin(9) holonomy and proved an
one end result and a splitting type theorem under different conditions on the
bottom of the spectrum. We proved that any harmonic functions with finite
Dirichlet integral must be Cayley-harmonic, which allowed us to conclude an one
end result. In the second part, we established a splitting type theorem by
utilizing the Busemann function..


title: Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent Taylor-Couette flow

abstract:
  The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Taylor--Couette flow in the
fully turbulent regime is described. The numerical method extends the work by
Quadrio & Luchini (Eur. J. Mech. B / Fluids, v.21, pp.413--427, 2002), and is
based on a parallel computer code which uses mixed spatial discretization
(spectral schemes in the homogeneous directions, and fourth-order, compact
explicit finite-difference schemes in the radial direction). A DNS is carried
out to simulate for the first time the turbulent Taylor--Couette flow in the
turbulent regime. Statistical quantities are computed to complement the
existing experimental information, with a view to compare it to planar,
pressure-driven turbulent flow at the same value of the Reynolds number. The
main source for differences in flow statistics between plane and curved-wall
flows is attributed to the presence of large-scale rotating structures
generated by curvature effects.


title: Non-perturbative superpotentials across lines of marginal stability

abstract:
  We discuss the behaviour of non-perturbative superpotentials in 4d N=1 type
II compactifications (and orientifolds thereof) near lines of marginal
stability, where the spectrum of contributing BPS D-brane instantons changes
discontinuously. The superpotential is nevertheless continuous, in agreement
with its holomorphic dependence on the closed string moduli. The microscopic
mechanism ensuring this continuity involves novel contributions to the
superpotential: As an instanton becomes unstable against decay to several
instantons, the latter provide a multi-instanton contribution which
reconstructs that of the single-instanton before decay. The process can be
understood as a non-perturbative lifting of additional fermion zero modes of an
instanton by interactions induced by other instantons. These effects provide
mechanisms via which instantons with U(1) symmetry can contribute to the
superpotential. We provide explicit examples of these effects for non-gauge
D-brane instantons, and for D-brane gauge instantons (where the motions in
moduli space can be interpreted as Higgsing, or Seiberg dualities).


title: Entangling photons using a charged quantum dot in a microcavity

abstract:
  We present two novel schemes to generate photon polarization entanglement via
single electron spins confined in charged quantum dots inside microcavities.
One scheme is via entangled remote electron spins followed by
negatively-charged exciton emissions, and another scheme is via a single
electron spin followed by the spin state measurement. Both schemes are based on
giant circular birefringence and giant Faraday rotation induced by a single
electron spin in a microcavity. Our schemes are deterministic and can generate
an arbitrary amount of multi-photon entanglement. Following similar procedures,
a scheme for a photon-spin quantum interface is proposed.


title:
Exoplanet HD209458b: inflated hydrogen atmosphere but no sign of
  evaporation

abstract:
  Many extrasolar planets orbit closely to their parent star. Their existence
raises the fundamental problem of loss and gain in their mass. For exoplanet
HD209458b, reports on an unusually extended hydrogen corona and a hot layer in
the lower atmosphere seem to support the scenario of atmospheric inflation by
the strong stellar irradiation. However, difficulties in reconciling
evaporation models with observations call for a reassessment of the problem.
Here, we use HST archive data to report a new absorption rate of ~8.9% +/- 2.1%
by atomic hydrogen during the HD209458b transit, and show that no sign of
evaporation could be detected for the exoplanet. We also report evidence of
time variability in the HD209458 Lyman-a flux, a variability that was not
accounted for in previous studies, which corrupted their diagnostics. Mass loss
rates thus far proposed in the literature in the range 5x(10^{10}-10^{11} g
s^{-1}) must induce a spectral signature in the Lyman-a line profile of
HD209458 that cannot be found in the present analysis. Either an unknown
compensation effect is hiding the expected spectral feature or else the mass
loss rate of neutrals from HD209458 is modest.


title: Excitons and cavity polaritons for ultracold atoms in an optical lattice

abstract:
  We study the resonant electronic excitation dynamics for ultracold atoms
trapped in a deep optical lattice prepared in a Mott insulator state. Excitons
in these artificial crystals are similar to Frenkel excitons in Noble atom or
molecular crystals. They appear when the atomic excited state line width is
smaller than the exciton band width generated by dipole-dipole coupling. When
the atoms are placed within a cavity the electronic excitations and the
quantized cavity mode get coupled. In the collective strong coupling regime
excitations form two branches of cavity polaritons with Rabi splitting larger
than the atomic and the cavity line width. To demonstrate their properties we
calculate the transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra for an incident
weak probe field, which show resonances at the polariton frequencies.


title:
Structural parameters of 11 faint Galactic globular clusters derived
  with 2MASS

abstract:
  The determination of structural parameters of 11 faint Galactic globular
clusters that, in most cases, had not been previously studied in this context.
The clusters are IC1257, Lynga7, Terzan4, Terzan10, BH176, ESO452-SC11,
ESO280-SC08, 2MASS-GC01, 2MASS-GC02, GLIMPSE-C01 and AL3, which are projected
not far from the central region of the Galaxy. Field-star contamination is
significant in the colour-magnitude diagrams. Stellar radial number-density and
surface-brightness profiles are built with 2MASS photometry that, for the
present clusters, corresponds basically to giant-branch stars. Field-star
decontamination is essential for clusters in dense fields. With decontaminated
photometry we also compute the total MV of four such globular clusters, using
M4 as a template. King-like functions are fitted to the radial profiles, from
which the core, half-light, half-star count and tidal radii are derived,
together with the concentration parameter. Parameters derived here are compared
to the equivalent ones of other Galactic globular clusters available in the
literature. Structural parameters and luminosity of most of the faint globular
clusters dealt with in this paper are consistent with those of Palomar-like
(low-mass and loose structure) globular clusters. This work helps to improve
coverage of the globular cluster parameter space.


title: Structure of the Scalars

abstract:
  The PDG Tables list more scalar mesons than can fit into one quark model
nonet: indeed, even more than can belong to two multiplets. Consequently, some
of these must be states beyond the quark model. So which of these is ${\bar
q}q$ or ${\bar{qq}}qq$ or multi-meson molecule or largely glue? How experiment
can help us distinguish between these possibilities is discussed.


title: General (anti-)commutators of gamma matrices

abstract:
  Commutators and anticommutators of gamma matrices with arbitrary numbers of
(antisymmetrized) indices are derived.


title: Energy Discriminant Analysis, Quantum Logic, and Fuzzy sets

abstract:
  In the paper, we show that quantum logic of linear subspaces can be used for
recognition of random signals by a Bayesian energy discriminant classifier. The
energy distribution on linear subspaces is described by the correlation matrix
of the probability distribution. We show that the correlation matrix
corresponds to von Neumann density matrix in quantum theory. We suggest the
interpretation of quantum logic as a fuzzy logic of fuzzy sets. The use of
quantum logic for recognition is based on the fact that the probability
distribution of each class lies approximately in a lower-dimensional subspace
of feature space. We offer the interpretation of discriminant functions as
membership functions of fuzzy sets. Also we offer the quality functional for
optimal choice of discriminant functions for recognition from some class of
discriminant functions.


title: Quantum stress in chaotic billiards

abstract:
  This article reports on a joint theoretical and experimental study of the
Pauli quantum-mechanical stress tensor $T_{\alpha \beta}(x,y)$ for open
two-dimensional chaotic billiards. In the case of a finite current flow through
the system the interior wave function is expressed as $\psi = u+iv$. With the
assumption that $u$ and $v$ are Gaussian random fields we derive analytic
expressions for the statistical distributions for the quantum stress tensor
components $T_{\alpha \beta}$. The Gaussian random field model is tested for a
Sinai billiard with two opposite leads by analyzing the scattering wave
functions obtained numerically from the corresponding Schroedinger equation.
Two-dimensional quantum billiards may be emulated from planar microwave
analogues. Hence we report on microwave measurements for an open 2D cavity and
how the quantum stress tensor analogue is extracted from the recorded electric
field. The agreement with the theoretical predictions for the distributions for
$T_{\alpha \beta}(x,y)$ is quite satisfactory for small net currents. However,
a distinct difference between experiments and theory is observed at higher net
flow, which could be explained using a Gaussian random field, where the net
current was taken into account by an additional plane wave with a preferential
direction and amplitude.


title:
Weak convergence of error processes in discretizations of stochastic
  integrals and Besov spaces

abstract:
  We consider weak convergence of the rescaled error processes arising from
Riemann discretizations of certain stochastic integrals and relate the
$L_p$-integrability of the weak limit to the fractional smoothness in the
Malliavin sense of the stochastic integral.


title: Expected z>5 QSO number counts in large area deep near-infrared surveys

abstract:
  The QSO luminosity function at z>5 provides strong constraints on models of
joint evolution of QSO and their hosts. However, these observations are
challenging because the low space densities of these objects necessitate
surveying of large areas, in order to obtain statistically meaningful samples,
while at the same time cosmological redshifting and dimming means that rather
deep Near Infrared (NIR) imaging must be carried out. Several upcoming and
proposed facilities with wide-field NIR imaging capabilities will open up this
new region of parameter space. In this paper we present predictions for the
expected number counts of z>5 QSOs, based on simple empirical and
semi-empirical models of QSO evolution, as a function of redshift, depth and
surveyed area. We compute the evolution of observed-frame QSO magnitudes and
colors in a representative photometric system covering the wavelength range
550nm<lambda<1800nm, and combine this information with different estimates for
the evolution of the QSO luminosity function. We conclude that planned
ground-based surveys such as Pan-STARRS and VISTA should be able to detect a
large number of luminous QSOs up to z<7.5, but that space-based missions such
as EUCLID (formerly SPACE/DUNE) or SNAP are probably required in order to
obtain substantial samples at higher redshift. We also use our models to
predict the expected number counts for future X-ray space missions (such as
XEUS and Constellation-X), and show that because of their small field-of-view,
these telescopes are unlikely to discover significant numbers of AGN at very
high redshift. However, X-ray follow-up of objects detected at longer
wavelength will be an important means of confirming their identity as AGN and
constraining obscuration.


title: Tensorial Quantum Gravity and the Cosmological Constant Problem

abstract:
  In the present article, which is the first part of a work in three parts, we
build an equation of quantum gravity. This equation is tensorial, is equivalent
to general relativity in vacuum, but differs completely from general relativity
inside matter. This new equation possesses a dimensionless gravitational
coupling constant, and passes all experimental tests that also passes general
relativity. This quantum gravity and general relativity diverge essentially in
the domain of cosmology : we prove that quantum gravity gives the solution to
the whole set of problems left over by the standard cosmological model based on
general relativity. Essentially, we prove that the initial singularity, the big
bang, is smoothed out by quantum gravity, that the flatness problem finds a
precise solution : quantum gravity predicts that Omega should be just a little
greater than 1, which fits perfectly with the observed 1.02. The cosmological
constant problem finds also its solution since we prove that the Lambda term
does not come from any dark energy, but comes from nonperturbative quantum
corrections to classical relativity, and has the exact tiny but strictly
positive value needed. Furthermore, the quantum equation of gravity possesses,
with no further efforts, features of unification. Indeed, our equation governs
at the same time the large scale of the universe, as did general relativity,
but also the structure of particles.


title: Nonlinear theory of quantum Brownian motion

abstract:
  A nonlinear theory of quantum Brownian motion in classical environment is
developed based on a thermodynamically enhanced nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
The latter is transformed via the Madelung transformation into a nonlinear
quantum Smoluchowski-like equation, which is proven to reproduce key results
from quantum and classical physics. The application of the theory to a free
quantum Brownian particle results in a nonlinear dependence of the position
dispersion on time, being quantum generalization of the Einstein law of
Brownian motion. It is shown that the time of decoherence for the transition
from quantum to classical diffusion is proportional to the square of the
thermal de Broglie wavelength divided by the Einstein diffusion constant.


title: Ptolemy relations for punctured discs

abstract:
  We construct frieze patterns of type D_N with entries which are numbers of
matchings between vertices and triangles of corresponding triangulations of a
punctured disc. For triangulations corresponding to orientations of the Dynkin
diagram of type D_N, we show that the numbers in the pattern can be interpreted
as specialisations of cluster variables in the corresponding Fomin-Zelevinsky
cluster algebra.


title: Spin Hall effect in Sr2RuO4 and transition metals (Nb,Ta)

abstract:
  We study the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) and the $d$-orbital Hall
conductivity (OHC) in metallic $d$-electron systems based on the multiorbital
tight-binding model. The obtained Hall conductivities are much larger than that
in $p$-type semiconductors. The origin of these huge Hall effects is the
"effective Aharonov-Bohm phase" induced by the signs of inter-orbital hopping
integrals as well as atomic spin-orbit interaction. Huge SHC and OHC due to
this mecahnism is ubiquitous in multiorbital transition metals.


title: Dynamical surface gravity

abstract:
  We discuss how the surface gravity can be classically defined for dynamical
black holes. In particular we focus on defining the surface gravity for locally
defined horizons and compare a number definitions proposed in the literature.
We illustrate the differences between the various proposals in the case of an
arbitrary dynamical, spherically symmetric black hole spacetime. We also
discuss how the trapping horizon formalism of Hayward can be related to other
constructions.


title: 2n-Dimensional Models with Topological Mass Generation

abstract:
  The 4-dimensional model with topological mass generation that has recently
been presented by Dvali, Jackiw and Pi [G. Dvali, R. Jackiw, and S.-Y. Pi,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 081602 (2006), hep-th/0610228] is generalized to any even
number of dimensions. As in the 4-dimensional model, the 2n-dimensional model
describes a mass-generation phenomenon due to the presence of the chiral
anomaly. In addition to this model, new 2n-dimensional models with topological
mass generation are proposed, in which a Stueckelberg-type mass term plays a
crucial role in the mass generation. The mass generation of a pseudoscalar
field such as the eta-prime meson is discussed within this framework.


title: Generalized Wannier Functions

abstract:
  We consider single particle Schrodinger operators with a gap in the en ergy
spectrum. We construct a complete, orthonormal basis function set for the inv
ariant space corresponding to the spectrum below the spectral gap, which are
exponentially localized a round a set of closed surfaces of monotonically
increasing sizes. Estimates on the exponential dec ay rate and a discussion of
the geometry of these surfaces is included.


title:
Turbulence in Boundary Flow of Superfluid $^4$He Triggered by Free
  Vortex Rings

abstract:
  The transition to turbulence in the boundary flow of superfluid $^4$He is
investigated using a vortex--free vibrating wire. At high wire vibration
velocities, we found that stable alternating flow around the wire enters a
turbulent phase triggered by free vortex rings. Numerical simulations of vortex
dynamics demonstrate that vortex rings can attach to the surface of an
oscillating obstacle and expand unstably due to the boundary flow of the
superfluid, forming turbulence. Experimental investigations indicate that the
turbulent phase continues even after stopping the injection of vortex rings,
which is also confirmed by the simulations.


title:
Study of the Electronic Structure in Oxides Using Absorption and
  Resonant X-Ray Scattering

abstract:
  Resonant X-ray scattering (RXS) is a spectroscopy where both the power of
site selective diffraction and the power of local absorption spectroscopy
regarding atomic species are combined. By virtue of the dependence on the core
level state energy and the three dimensional electronic structure of the
intermediate state, this technique is specially suited to study charge, orbital
or spin orderings and associated crystal distortions. In the case of charge
ordering, we exploit the fact that atoms with closely related site symmetries
but with small charge differences exhibit resonances at slightly different
energies. The sensitivity of this effect allows for quantitative estimations of
the charge disproportion. Opposite to fluorescence or absorption measurements,
the power of diffraction relies on the capability of detecting differences that
are smaller than the inverse lifetime of the core hole level. To account for
the uncertainty of the crystallographic structure and the fact that the charge
ordering must be disentangled from the associated atomic displacements, a
complete methodology is proposed and applied to the low temperature phase of
magnetite. Relative sensitivity on spin, toroidal and orbital ordering is also
shown and compared in different transition metal oxide compounds, like V2O3 and
GaFeO3.


title: Perfect fluid spheres with cosmological constant

abstract:
  We examine static perfect fluid spheres in the presence of a cosmological
constant. New exact matter solutions are discussed which require the Nariai
metric in the vacuum region. We generalize the Einstein static universe such
that neither its energy density nor its pressure is constant throughout the
spacetime. Using analytical techniques we derive conditions depending on the
equation of state to locate the vanishing pressure surface. This surface can in
general be located in regions with decreasing area group orbits. We use
numerical methods to integrate the field equations for realistic equations of
state and find consistent results.


title: A first look at Landau-gauge propagators in G2 Yang-Mills theory

abstract:
  G_2 Yang--Mills theory is an interesting laboratory to investigate
non-perturbative effects. On one hand, no conventional quark confinement via a
linearly rising potential is present. On the other hand, its thermodynamic
properties are similar to ordinary SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. Finally, it has
been conjectured that gluons are removed from the physical spectrum in the same
way as in SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. The last claim will be explored by
determining the Landau-gauge ghost and gluon propagators, as well as the
Faddeev--Popov operator eigenspectrum, in G_2 lattice gauge theory in two and
three dimensions. The results are found to agree qualitatively with the SU(2)
and SU(3) case. Therefore, the conjecture that Yang--Mills theories with
different gauge groups are qualitatively similar on the level of their Landau
gauge Green's functions is supported.


title: (Un)detectable cluster structure in sparse networks

abstract:
  We study the problem of recovering a known cluster structure in a sparse
network, also known as the planted partitioning problem, by means of
statistical mechanics. We find a sharp transition from un-recoverable to
recoverable structure as a function of the separation of the clusters. For
multivariate data, such transitions have been observed frequently, but always
as a function of the number of data points provided, i.e. given a large enough
data set, two point clouds can always be recognized as different clusters, as
long as their separation is non-zero. In contrast, for the sparse networks
studied here, a cluster structure remains undetectable even in an infinitely
large network if a critical separation is not exceeded. We give analytic
formulas for this critical separation as a function of the degree distribution
of the network and calculate the shape of the recoverability-transition. Our
findings have implications for unsupervised learning and data-mining in
relational data bases and provide bounds on the achievable performance of graph
clustering algorithms.


title: Landscape dynamics, interbasin kinetics and ultrametric diffusion

abstract:
  We discuss the interbasin kinetics approximation for random walk on a complex
landscape. We show that for a generic landscape the corresponding model of
interbasin kinetics is equivalent to an ultrametric diffusion, generated by an
ultrametric pseudodifferential operator on the ultrametric space related to the
tree of basins. The simplest example of ultrametric diffusion of this kind is
described by the p-adic heat equation.


title:
Suzaku Observation of HCG 62: Temperature, Abundance, and Extended Hard
  X-ray Emission Profiles

abstract:
  We present results of 120 ks observation of a compact group of galaxies
HCG~62 ($z=0.0145$) with Suzaku XIS and HXD-PIN\@. The XIS spectra for four
annular regions were fitted with two temperature {\it vapec} model with
variable abundance, combined with the foreground Galactic component. The
Galactic component was constrained to have a common surface brightness among
the four annuli, and two temperature {\it apec} model was preferred to single
temperature model. We confirmed the multi-temperature nature of the intra-group
medium reported with Chandra and XMM-Newton, with a doughnut-like high
temperature ring at radii 3.3--6.5$'$ in a hardness image. We found Mg, Si, S,
and Fe abundances to be fairly robust. We examined the possible
``high-abundance arc'' at $\sim 2'$ southwest from the center, however Suzaku
data did not confirm it. We suspect that it is a misidentification of an excess
hot component in this region as the Fe line. Careful background study showed no
positive detection of the extended hard X-rays previously reported with ASCA,
in 5--12 keV with XIS and 12--40 keV with HXD-PIN, although our upper limit did
not exclude the ASCA result. There is an indication that the X-ray intensity in
$r<3.3'$ region is $70\pm 19$% higher than the nominal CXB level (5--12 keV),
and Chandra and Suzaku data suggest that most of this excess could be due to
concentration of hard X-ray sources with an average photon index of
$\Gamma=1.38\pm 0.06$. Cumulative mass of O, Fe and Mg in the group gas and the
metal mass-to-light ratio were derived and compared with those in other groups.
Possible role of AGN or galaxy mergers in this group is also discussed.