title: Identifying network communities with a high resolution

abstract:
  Community structure is an important property of complex networks. An
automatic discovery of such structure is a fundamental task in many
disciplines, including sociology, biology, engineering, and computer science.
Recently, several community discovery algorithms have been proposed based on
the optimization of a quantity called modularity (Q). However, the problem of
modularity optimization is NP-hard, and the existing approaches often suffer
from prohibitively long running time or poor quality. Furthermore, it has been
recently pointed out that algorithms based on optimizing Q will have a
resolution limit, i.e., communities below a certain scale may not be detected.
In this research, we first propose an efficient heuristic algorithm, Qcut,
which combines spectral graph partitioning and local search to optimize Q.
Using both synthetic and real networks, we show that Qcut can find higher
modularities and is more scalable than the existing algorithms. Furthermore,
using Qcut as an essential component, we propose a recursive algorithm, HQcut,
to solve the resolution limit problem. We show that HQcut can successfully
detect communities at a much finer scale and with a higher accuracy than the
existing algorithms. Finally, we apply Qcut and HQcut to study a
protein-protein interaction network, and show that the combination of the two
algorithms can reveal interesting biological results that may be otherwise
undetectable.


title: An Alternative Source for Dark Energy

abstract:
  In the present work, an alternative interpretation of the source of
accelerated expansion of the Universe is suggested. A probable candidate is the
interaction between the quantum spin of a moving particle and the torsion of
space-time, produced by the background gravitational field of the Universe.
This interaction has been suggested by the author in a previous work, with some
experimental and observational evidences for its existence. It has been shown
that this interaction gives rise to a repulsive force. The accelerated
expansion of the Universe may give a further evidence on the existence of this
interaction on the cosmological scale.


title: Gorenstein algebras and Hochschild cohomology

abstract:
  For homomorphism K-->S of commutative rings, where K is Gorenstein and S is
essentially of finite type and flat as a K-module, the property that all
non-trivial fiber rings of K-->S are Gorenstein is characterized in terms of
properties of the cohomology modules Ext_n^{S\otimes_KS}S{S\otimes_KS}.


title: Diffusion Anomaly in a three dimensional lattice gas

abstract:
  We investigate the relation between thermodynamic and dynamic properties of
an associating lattice gas (ALG) model. The ALG combines a three dimensional
lattice gas with particles interacting through a soft core potential and
orientational degrees of freedom. From the competition between the directional
attractive forces and the soft core potential results two liquid phases, double
criticality and density anomaly. We study the mobility of the molecules in this
model by calculating the diffusion constant at a constant temperature, $D$. We
show that $D$ has a maximum at a density $\rho_{max}$ and a minimum at a
density $\rho_{min}<\rho_{max}$. Between these densities the diffusivity
differs from the one expected for normal liquids. We also show that in the
pressure-temperature phase-diagram the line of extrema in diffusivity is close
to the liquid-liquid critical point and it is partially inside the temperature
of maximum density (TMD) line.


title:
Effects of frequency correlation in linear optical entangling gate
  operated with independent photons

abstract:
  Bose-Einstein coalescence of independent photons at the surface of a beam
splitter is the physical process that allows linear optical quantum gates to be
built. When distinct parametric down-conversion events are used as an
independent photon source, distinguishability arises form the energy
correlation of each photon with its twin. We find that increasing the pump
bandwidth may help in improving the visibility of non-classical interference
and reaching a level of near perfect indistinguishability. PACS: 03.67.Mn,
42.65.Lm, 42.50.St.


title: Phenomenological template family for black-hole coalescence waveforms

abstract:
  Recent progress in numerical relativity has enabled us to model the
non-perturbative merger phase of the binary black-hole coalescence problem.
Based on these results, we propose a phenomenological family of waveforms which
can model the inspiral, merger, and ring-down stages of black hole coalescence.
We also construct a template bank using this family of waveforms and discuss
its implementation in the search for signatures of gravitational waves produced
by black-hole coalescences in the data of ground-based interferometers. This
template bank might enable us to extend the present inspiral searches to
higher-mass binary black-hole systems, i.e., systems with total mass greater
than about 80 solar masses, thereby increasing the reach of the current
generation of ground-based detectors.


title:
Active metamaterials: sign of refraction index and gain-assisted
  dispersion management

abstract:
  We derive an approach to define the causal direction of the wavevector of
modes in optical metamaterials, which in turn, determines signs of refractive
index and impedance as a function of {\it real and imaginary} parts of
dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. We use the developed
technique to demonstrate that the interplay between resonant response of
constituents of metamaterials can be used to achieve efficient dispersion
management. Finally we demonstrate broadband dispersion-less index and
impedance matching in active nanowire-based negative index materials. Our work
opens new practical applications of negative index composites for broadband
lensing, imaging, and pulse-routing.


title: Geometry-induced asymmetric diffusion

abstract:
  Past work has shown that ions can pass through a membrane more readily in one
direction than the other. We demonstrate here in a model and an experiment that
for a mixture of small and large particles such asymmetric diffusion can arise
solely from an asymmetry in the geometry of the pores of the membrane. Our
deterministic simulation considers a two-dimensional gas of elastic disks of
two sizes diffusing through a membrane, and our laboratory experiment examines
the diffusion of glass beads of two sizes through a metal membrane. In both
experiment and simulation, the membrane is permeable only to the smaller
particles, and the asymmetric pores lead to an asymmetry in the diffusion rates
of these particles. The presence of even a small percentage of large particles
can clog a membrane, preventing passage of the small particles in one direction
while permitting free flow of the small particles in the other direction. The
purely geometric kinetic constraints may play a role in common biological
contexts such as membrane ion channels.


title: A new proof of the Beez-Cartan theorem

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by the author.


title:
Statefinder Diagnostic for Phantom Model with
  $V(\phi)=V_{0}\exp(-\lambda{\phi}^2)$

abstract:
  We investigate the phantom field with potential
$V(\phi)=V_{0}\exp(-\lambda{\phi}^2)$ and dark matter in the spatially flat FRW
model. It has been shown by numerical calculation that there is a attractor
solution in this model. We also apply the statefinder diagnostic to this
phantom model. It is shown that the evolving trajectories of this scenario in
the $s-r$ diagram is quite different form other dark energy models.


title:
Circular solution of two unequal mass particles in post-Minkowski
  approximation

abstract:
  A Fokker action for post-Minkowski approximation with the first
post-Newtonian correction is introduced in our previous paper, and a solution
for the helically symmetric circular orbit is obtained. We present supplemental
results for the circular solution of two unequal mass point-particles. Circular
solutions for selected mass ratios are found numerically, and analytic formulas
in the extreme mass ratio limit are derived. The leading terms of the analytic
formulas agree with the first post-Newtonian formulas in this limit.


title: The widths of quarkonia in quark gluon plasma

abstract:
  Recent lattice calculations showed that the quarkonia will survive beyond the
phase transition temperature, and will dissolve at different temperatures
depending on the type of the quarkonium. In this work, we calculate the thermal
width of the quarkonium at finite temperature before it dissolves into open
heavy quarks. The input of the calculation are the parton quarkonium
dissociation cross section to NLO in QCD, the quarkonium wave function in a
temperature-dependent potential from lattice QCD, and a thermal distribution of
partons with thermal masses. We find that for the J/psi, the total thermal
width above 1.4 Tc becomes larger than 100 to 250 MeV, depending on the
effective thermal masses of the quark and gluon, which we take between 400 to
600 MeV. Such a width corresponds to an effective dissociation cross section by
gluons between 1.5 to 3.5 mb and by quarks 1 to 2 mb at 1.4 Tc. However, at
similar temperatures, we find a much smaller thermal width and effective cross
section for the upsilon.


title: Primordial Evolution in the Finitary Process Soup

abstract:
  A general and basic model of primordial evolution--a soup of reacting
finitary and discrete processes--is employed to identify and analyze
fundamental mechanisms that generate and maintain complex structures in
prebiotic systems. The processes--$\epsilon$-machines as defined in
computational mechanics--and their interaction networks both provide well
defined notions of structure. This enables us to quantitatively demonstrate
hierarchical self-organization in the soup in terms of complexity. We found
that replicating processes evolve the strategy of successively building higher
levels of organization by autocatalysis. Moreover, this is facilitated by local
components that have low structural complexity, but high generality. In effect,
the finitary process soup spontaneously evolves a selection pressure that
favors such components. In light of the finitary process soup's generality,
these results suggest a fundamental law of hierarchical systems: global
complexity requires local simplicity.


title: Acceleration and Substructure Constraints in a Quasar Outflow

abstract:
  We present observations of probable line-of-sight acceleration of a broad
absorption trough of C IV in the quasar SDSS J024221.87+004912.6. We also
discuss how the velocity overlap of two other outflowing systems in the same
object constrains the properties of the outflows. The Si IV doublet in each
system has one unblended transition and one transition which overlaps with
absorption from the other system. The residual flux in the overlapping trough
is well fit by the product of the residual fluxes in the unblended troughs. For
these optically thick systems to yield such a result, at least one of them must
consist of individual subunits rather than being a single structure with
velocity-dependent coverage of the source. If these subunits are identical,
opaque, spherical clouds, we estimate the cloud radius to be r = 3.9 10^15 cm.
If they are identical, opaque, linear filaments, we estimate their width to be
w = 6.5 10^14 cm. These subunits are observed to cover the Mg II broad emission
line region of the quasar, at which distance from the black hole the above
filament width is equal to the predicted scale height of the outer atmosphere
of a thin accretion disk. Insofar as that scale height is a natural size scale
for structures originating in an accretion disk, these observations are
evidence that the accretion disk can be a source of quasar absorption systems.
Based on data from ESO program 075.B-0190(A).


title: Avoiding Rotated Bitboards with Direct Lookup

abstract:
  This paper describes an approach for obtaining direct access to the attacked
squares of sliding pieces without resorting to rotated bitboards. The technique
involves creating four hash tables using the built in hash arrays from an
interpreted, high level language. The rank, file, and diagonal occupancy are
first isolated by masking the desired portion of the board. The attacked
squares are then directly retrieved from the hash tables. Maintaining
incrementally updated rotated bitboards becomes unnecessary as does all the
updating, mapping and shifting required to access the attacked squares.
Finally, rotated bitboard move generation speed is compared with that of the
direct hash table lookup method.


title:
Mott Insulator - Superfluid Transitions in a Two Band Model at Finite
  Temperature and Possible Application to Supersolid 4He

abstract:
  We study Mott insulator - superfluid transition in a two-band boson Hubbard
model, which can be mapped onto a spin-1/2 XY model with spins coupled to an
additional Ising degree of freedom. By using a modified mean field theory that
include the effects of phase fluctuations, we show that the transition is first
order at both zero and finite temperatures. On the Mott insulator side, there
may be reentrance in phase transition. These features are consequences of the
underlying transition between competing defect poor and defect rich phases. The
relevance of the model and our results to supersolid 4He and cold bosonic atoms
in optical lattices are discussed.


title:
Dynamic programming principle for one kind of stochastic recursive
  optimal control problem and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations

abstract:
  In this paper, we study one kind of stochastic recursive optimal control
problem with the obstacle constraints for the cost function where the cost
function is described by the solution of one reflected backward stochastic
differential equations. We will give the dynamic programming principle for this
kind of optimal control problem and show that the value function is the unique
viscosity solution of the obstacle problem for the corresponding
Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations.


title:
On the limits of surface fractal behaviour in silica. A virtual
  adsorbates simulation

abstract:
  A computer simulation technique, suited to replicate real adsorption
experiments, was applied to pure simulated silica in order to gain insight into
the fractal regime of its surface. The previously reported experimental fractal
dimension was closely approached and the hitherto uncharted lower limit of
fractal surface behaviour is reported herein.


title: On the Theory of Colorful Graphs

abstract:
  The theory of colorful graphs can be developed by working in Galois field
modulo (p), p > 2 and a prime number. The paper proposes a program of possible
conversion of graph theory into a pleasant colorful appearance. We propose to
paint the usual black (indicating presence of an edge) and white (indicating
absence of an edge) edges of graphs using multitude of colors and study their
properties. All colorful graphs considered here are simple, i.e. not having any
multiple edges or self-loops. This paper is an invitation to the program of
generalizing usual graph theory in this direction.


title: From Pauli Principle to Hypernucleus, Neutron Star, and Econophysics

abstract:
  Proposed by Wolfgang Pauli more than 80 years ago, the exclusion principle
has been proven to have a far-reaching consequence, from femtoscopic world to
macroscopic, super-dense, and fully relativistic physics. Starting from this
principle, we discuss two interesting research topics, which have currently
drawn considerable attention in the nuclear- and astrophysics communities; the
hypernuclear and neutron star physics. Special attention is given to the
electromagnetic production of the hypertriton and the consequences of the
neutrino electromagnetic properties in dense matter. We also touch on the new
arena which could also be fascinating for physicists; the econophysics.


title:
Emergent gravity from direct-action EM in a toy universe of electrons
  and positrons

abstract:
  We sketch the derivation of a Newtonian gravity-like force emerging from a
direct-action variant of classical electromagnetism. The binding energy is a
consequence of maximal phase correlation of the sources mediated by
approximately monochromatic direct-action fields. The resulting force then has
the character of a strong version of the van der Waals force, whose superior
strength can be attributed to relatively coherent primary fields (compared with
the totally incoherent effects of the ZPF). The model also predicts the
existence of a background having some of the character of dark energy.


title: Stochastic Optimization Algorithms

abstract:
  When looking for a solution, deterministic methods have the enormous
advantage that they do find global optima. Unfortunately, they are very
CPU-intensive, and are useless on untractable NP-hard problems that would
require thousands of years for cutting-edge computers to explore. In order to
get a result, one needs to revert to stochastic algorithms, that sample the
search space without exploring it thoroughly. Such algorithms can find very
good results, without any guarantee that the global optimum has been reached;
but there is often no other choice than using them. This chapter is a short
introduction to the main methods used in stochastic optimization.


title:
Matrix Exponential-Based Closures for the Turbulent Subgrid-Scale Stress
  Tensor

abstract:
  Two approaches for closing the turbulence subgrid-scale stress tensor in
terms of matrix exponentials are introduced and compared. The first approach is
based on a formal solution of the stress transport equation in which the
production terms can be integrated exactly in terms of matrix exponentials.
This formal solution of the subgrid-scale stress transport equation is shown to
be useful to explore special cases, such as the response to constant velocity
gradient, but neglecting pressure-strain correlations and diffusion effects.
The second approach is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian change of variables,
combined with the assumption of isotropy for the conditionally averaged
Lagrangian velocity gradient tensor and with the `Recent Fluid Deformation'
(RFD) approximation. It is shown that both approaches lead to the same basic
closure in which the stress tensor is expressed as the product of the matrix
exponential of the resolved velocity gradient tensor multiplied by its
transpose. Short-time expansions of the matrix exponentials are shown to
provide an eddy-viscosity term and particular quadratic terms, and thus allow a
reinterpretation of traditional eddy-viscosity and nonlinear stress closures.
The basic feasibility of the matrix-exponential closure is illustrated by
implementing it successfully in Large Eddy Simulation of forced isotropic
turbulence. The matrix-exponential closure employs the drastic approximation of
entirely omitting the pressure-strain correlation and other `nonlinear
scrambling' terms. But unlike eddy-viscosity closures, the matrix exponential
approach provides a simple and local closure that can be derived directly from
the stress transport equation with the production term, and using physically
motivated assumptions about Lagrangian decorrelation and upstream isotropy.


title: Resummation of Large Logarithms in $\gamma^* \pi^0 \to \gamma $

abstract:
  In the collinear factorization of the form factor for the transition
$\gamma^* \pi^0 \to \gamma$ the hard part contains double log terms as $\ln^2
x$ with $x$ as the momentum fraction of partons from 0 to 1. A simple
exponentiation for resummation leads to divergent results. We study the
resummation of these $\ln^2 x$ terms. We show that the $\ln^2 x$ terms come
partly from the light-cone wave function(LCWF) and partly from the form factor.
We introduce a jet factor to factorize the $\ln^2 x$ term in the form factor.
To handel the $\ln^2 x$ terms from the LCWF we introduce a nonstandard
light-cone wave function(NLCWF) with the gauge links off the light-cone
direction. An interesting relation between two wave function is found. With the
introduced NLCWF and the jet factor we can re-factorize the form factor and
obtain a new hard part which does not contain terms with $\ln^2 x$. Beside the
renormalization scale $\mu$ the introduce NLCWF and jet factor have extra
scales to characterize their $x$-behaviors. Using the evolutions of the extra
scales and the relation we can do the resummation perturbatively in sense that
the LCWF is the only nonpertubative object in the resumed formula. Our results
with some models of LCWF show that there is a significant difference between
numerical predictions with the resummation and that without the resummation,
and the resummed predictions can describe the experimental data.


title:
Congruent numbers, elliptic curves, and the passage from the local to
  the global

abstract:
  The ancient unsolved problem of congruent numbers has been reduced to one of
the major questions of contemporary arithmetic: the finiteness of the number of
curves over $\bf Q$ which become isomorphic at every place to a given curve. We
give an elementary introduction to congruent numbers and their conjectural
characterisation, discuss local-to-global issues leading to the finiteness
problem, and list a few results and conjectures in the arithmetic theory of
elliptic curves.


title:
Scalar-tensor black holes coupled to Born-Infeld nonlinear
  electrodynamics

abstract:
  The non-existence of asymptotically flat, neutral black holes and
asymptotically flat, charged black holes in the Maxwell electrodynamics, with
non-trivial scalar field has been proved for a large class of scalar-tensor
theories. The no-scalar-hair theorems, however, do not apply in the case of
non-linear electrodynamics. In the present work numerical solutions describing
charged black holes coupled to Born-Infeld type non-linear electrodynamics in
scalar-tensor theories of gravity with massless scalar field are found. The
causal structure and properties of the solutions are studied, and a comparison
between these solutions and the corresponding solutions in the General
Relativity is made. The presence of the scalar field leads to a much more
simple causal structure. The present class of black holes has a single,
non-degenerate horizon, i.e., its causal structure resembles that of the
Schwarzschild black hole.


title: On the smoothness of H\"older-doubling measures

abstract:
  In this paper we consider the question of whether the doubling character of a
measure supported on a subset of $\RR^m$ determines the regularity of its
support (in a classical sense). This problem was studied by David, Kenig and
Toro for codimension 1 sets under the assumption that the support be flat. Here
we study the higher codimension case and remove the flatness hypothesis.


title: Graphene: A Pseudochiral Fermi Liquid

abstract:
  Doped graphene sheets are pseudochiral two-dimensional Fermi liquids with
abnormal electron-electron interaction physics. We address graphene's Fermi
liquid properties quantitatively using a microscopic random-phase-approximation
theory and comment on the importance of using exchange-correlation potentials
based on the properties of a chiral two-dimensional electron gas in
density-functional-theory applications to graphene nanostructures.


title:
Some Exact Solutions to Equations of Motion of an Incompressible Third
  Grade Fluid

abstract:
  This investigation deals with some exact solutions of the equations governing
the steady plane motions of an incompressible third grade fluid by using
complex variables and complex functions. Some of the solutions admit, as
particular cases, all the solutions of Moro et al[1].


title:
Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one dimensional disordered
  photonic lattices

abstract:
  We experimentally investigate the evolution of linear and nonlinear waves in
a realization of the Anderson model using disordered one dimensional waveguide
lattices. Two types of localized eigenmodes, flat-phased and staggered, are
directly measured. Nonlinear perturbations enhances localization in one type,
and induce delocalization in the other. In a complementary approach, we study
the evolution on short time scales of $\delta$-like wavepackets in the presence
of disorder. A transition from ballistic wavepacket expansion to exponential
(Anderson) localization is observed. We find an intermediate regime in which
the ballistic and localized components coexist while diffusive dynamics is
absent. Evidence is found for a faster transition into localization under
nonlinear conditions.

categories: cond-mat.other cond-mat.dis-nn nlin.PS quant-ph


title:
Driven localized excitations in the acoustic spectrum of small nonlinear
  macroscopic and microscopic lattices

abstract:
  Both bright and dark traveling, locked, intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) have
been generated with a spatially uniform driver at a frequency in the acoustic
spectrum of a nonlinear micromechanical cantilever array. Complementary
numerical simulations show that a minimum density of modes, hence array size,
is required for the formation of such locked smoothly running excitations.
Additional simulations on a small 1-D antiferromagnetic spin system are used to
illustrate that such uniformly driven running ILMs should be a generic feature
of a nanoscale atomic lattice.


title:
Next-to-leading-order corrections to exclusive processes in $k_T$
  factorization

abstract:
  We calculate next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections to exclusive processes
in $k_T$ factorization theorem, taking $\pi\gamma^*\to\gamma$ as an example.
Partons off-shell by $k_T^2$ are considered in both the quark diagrams from
full QCD and the effective diagrams for the pion wave function. The gauge
dependences in the above two sets of diagrams cancel, when deriving the
$k_T$-dependent hard kernel as their difference. The gauge invariance of the
hard kernel is then proven to all orders by induction. The light-cone
singularities in the $k_T$-dependent pion wave function are regularized by
rotating the Wilson lines away from the light cone. This regularization
introduces a factorization-scheme dependence into the hard kernel, which can be
minimized in the standard way. Both the large double logarithms $\ln^2k_T$ and
$\ln^2 x$, $x$ being a parton momentum fraction, arise from the loop correction
to the virtual photon vertex, the former being absorbed into the pion wave
function and organized by the $k_T$ resummation, and the latter absorbed into a
jet function and organized by the threshold resummation. The NLO corrections
are found to be only few-percent for $\pi\gamma^*\to\gamma$, if setting the
factorization scale to the momentum transfer from the virtual photon.


title: Microfractured media with a scale and Mumford-Shah energies

abstract:
  We want to understand he concentration of damage in microfractured elastic
media. Due to the different scallings of the volume and area (or area and
length in two dimensions) the traditional method of homogenization using
periodic arrays of cells seems to fail when applied to the Mumford-Shah
functional and to periodically fractured domains.
  In the present paper we are departing from traditional homogenization. The
main result implies the use of Mumford-Shah energies and leads to an
explanation of the observed concentration of damage in microfractured elastic
bodies.


title:
Gaussian-Basis Monte Carlo Method for Numerical Study on Ground States
  of Itinerant and Strongly Correlated Electron Systems

abstract:
  We examine Gaussian-basis Monte Carlo method (GBMC) introduced by Corney and
Drummond. This method is based on an expansion of the density-matrix operator
rho by means of the coherent Gaussian-type operator basis Lambda and does not
suffer from the minus sign problem. The original method, however, often fails
in reproducing the true ground state and causes systematic errors of calculated
physical quantities because the samples are often trapped in some metastable or
symmetry broken states. To overcome this difficulty, we combine the
quantum-number projection scheme proposed by Assaad, Werner, Corboz, Gull and
Troyer in conjunction with the importance sampling of the original GBMC method.
This improvement allows us to carry out the importance sampling in the
quantum-number-projected phase-space. Some comparisons with the previous
quantum-number projection scheme indicate that, in our method, the convergence
with the ground state is accelerated, which makes it possible to extend the
applicability and widen the range of tractable parameters in the GBMC method.
The present scheme offers an efficient practical way of computation for
strongly correlated electron systems beyond the range of system sizes,
interaction strengths and lattice structures tractable by other computational
methods such as the quantum Monte Carlo method.


title:
Neutron-Deuteron System and Photon Polarization Parameter at Thermal
  Neutron Energies

abstract:
  Effective Field Theory(EFT) is, the unique, model independent and systematic
low-energy version of QCD for processes involving momenta below the pion mass.
A low-energy photo-nuclear observable in three-body systems, photon
polarization parameter at thermal neutron energies is calculated by using
pionless EFT up to next-to-next to leading order(N$^2$LO). In order to make a
comparative study of this model, we compared our results for photon
polarization parameter with the realistic Argonne $v_{18}$ two-nucleon and
Urbana IX or Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon interactions. Three-body currents
give small but significant contributions to some of the observables in the
neutron-deuteron radiative capture cross section at thermal neutron energies.
In this formalism the three-nucleon forces are needed up to N$^2$LO for cut-off
independent results. Our result converges order by order in low energy
expansion and also cut-off independent at this order.


title: Non-equilibrium mechanics and dynamics of motor activated gels

abstract:
  The mechanics of cells is strongly affected by molecular motors that generate
forces in the cellular cytoskeleton. We develop a model for cytoskeletal
networks driven out of equilibrium by molecular motors exerting transient
contractile stresses. Using this model we show how motor activity can
dramatically increase the network's bulk elastic moduli. We also show how motor
binding kinetics naturally leads to enhanced low-frequency stress fluctuations
that result in non-equilibrium diffusive motion within an elastic network, as
seen in recent \emph{in vitro} and \emph{in vivo} experiments.


title: Chaotic traveling rolls in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate two-dimensional (2D) Rayleigh-B\'enard
convection using direct numerical simulation in Boussinesq fluids of Prandtl
number $P = 6.8$ confined between thermally conducting plates. We show through
the simulation that in a small range of reduced Rayleigh number $r$ ($770 < r <
890$) the 2D rolls move chaotically in a direction normal to the roll axis. The
lateral shift of the rolls may lead to global flow reversal of the convective
motion. The chaotic traveling rolls are observed in simulation with {\it
free-slip} as well as {\it no-slip} boundary conditions on the velocity field.
We show that the traveling rolls and the flow reversal are due to an interplay
between the real and imaginary parts of the critical modes.

categories: nlin.CD astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.flu-dyn


title: Coherent control of broadband vacuum squeezing

abstract:
  We present the observation of optical fields carrying squeezed vacuum states
at sideband frequencies from 10Hz to above 35MHz. The field was generated with
type-I optical parametric oscillation below threshold at 1064nm. A coherent,
unbalanced classical modulation field at 40MHz enabled the generation of error
signals for stable phase control of the squeezed vacuum field with respect to a
strong local oscillator. Broadband squeezing of approximately -4dB was measured
with balanced homodyne detection. The spectrum of the squeezed field allows a
quantum noise reduction of ground-based gravitational wave detectors over their
full detection band, regardless of whether homodyne readout or radio-frequency
heterodyne readout is used.


title: The origin of the work function

abstract:
  In this paper we analyse the mechanisms responsible for the bonding of
electrons to metal surfaces. We present and validate a method to measure the
energy distribution of dense electron ensembles at ambient conditions. We have
found sharp structures in the energy distribution of charge confined at metal
surfaces. These structures correspond to the onset of space charge i.e.
electron emission. The threshold energy for emission increases linear with the
free electron density. We conclude that the work function is a direct measure
of the Hartree-Fock exchange energy. Remarkably, the emissions that have been
observed do not obey the Einstein-Millikan threshold relation for the photo
electric effect. By discrimination between requirements for energy and momentum
we deduce that electron emissions are trigged by photon momentum. We claim that
the photo electric effect is the result of a phase transition in an electron
gas that connects a surface bound, condensed state to a free continuum state.
The assignment of a phase transition to the effect under consideration is
justified by analyzing the behaviour of the Fermi-Dirac energy distribution
upon raising the Fermi level. We predict an abrupt increment in the number of
electrons in the continuum that exceeds 70 orders of magnitude. Both the
observed threshold energy and the line shape of the transition are in good
agreement with theoretical predictions.


title: Modeling the Epps effect of cross correlations in asset prices

abstract:
  We review the decomposition method of stock return cross-correlations,
presented previously for studying the dependence of the correlation coefficient
on the resolution of data (Epps effect). Through a toy model of random
walk/Brownian motion and memoryless renewal process (i.e. Poisson point
process) of observation times we show that in case of analytical treatability,
by decomposing the correlations we get the exact result for the frequency
dependence. We also demonstrate that our approach produces reasonable fitting
of the dependence of correlations on the data resolution in case of empirical
data. Our results indicate that the Epps phenomenon is a product of the finite
time decay of lagged correlations of high resolution data, which does not scale
with activity. The characteristic time is due to a human time scale, the time
needed to react to news.


title: Spin filtering implemented through Rashba and weak magnetic modulations

abstract:
  We present two theoretical schemes for spin filters in one-dimensional
semiconductor quantum wires with spatially modulated Rashba spin-orbit coupling
(SOC) as well as weak magnetic potential. For case I, the SOC is periodic and
the weak magnetic potential is applied uniformly along the wire. Full spin
polarizations with opposite signs are obtained within two separated energy
intervals. For case II, the weak magnetic potential is periodic while the SOC
is uniform. An ideal negative/positive switching effect for spin polarization
is realized by tuning the strength of SOC. The roles of SOC, magnetic
potential, and their coupling on the spin filtering are analyzed.


title:
CMB polarization power spectra contributions from a network of cosmic
  strings

abstract:
  We present the first calculation of the possible (local) cosmic string
contribution to the cosmic microwave background polarization spectra from
simulations of a string network (rather than a stochastic collection of
unconnected string segments). We use field theory simulations of the Abelian
Higgs model to represent local U(1) strings, including their radiative decay
and microphysics. Relative to previous estimates, our calculations show a shift
in power to larger angular scales, making the chance of a future cosmic string
detection from the B-mode polarization slightly greater. We explore a future
ground-based polarization detector, taking the CLOVER project as our example.
In the null hypothesis (that cosmic strings make a zero contribution) we find
that CLOVER should limit the string tension \mu to G\mu<0.12e-6 (where G is the
gravitational constant), above which it is likely that a detection would be
possible.


title: An annular gap acceleration model for $\gamma$-ray emission of pulsars

abstract:
  If the binding energy of the pulsar's surface is not so high (the case of a
neutron star), both the negative and positive charges will flow out freely from
the surface of the star. The annular free flow model for $\gamma$-ray emission
of pulsars is suggested in this paper. It is emphasized that: (1). Two kinds of
acceleration regions (annular and core) need to be taken into account. The
annular acceleration region is defined by the magnetic field lines that cross
the null charge surface within the light cylinder. (2). If the potential drop
in the annular region of a pulsar is high enough (normally the cases of young
pulsars), charges in both the annular and the core regions could be accelerated
and produce primary gamma-rays. Secondary pairs are generated in both regions
and stream outwards to power the broadband radiations. (3). The potential drop
in the annular region grows more rapidly than that in the core region. The
annular acceleration process is a key point to produce wide emission beams as
observed. (4). The advantages of both the polar cap and outer gap models are
retained in this model. The geometric properties of the $\gamma$-ray emission
from the annular flow is analogous to that presented in a previous work by Qiao
et al., which match the observations well. (5). Since charges with different
signs leave the pulsar through the annular and the core regions, respectively,
the current closure problem can be partially solved.


title: Entropic Studies of Cytoskeletal Motors Jamming

abstract:
  Can the different causes for disruption of intracellular transport be traced
from the trajectories of the molecular motors on the cytoskeletal filaments? We
will attempt to answer this important question in a Monte Carlo model of
microtubule-motor protein interaction from the point of view of information
theory.


title: Are the most metal-poor galaxies young?

abstract:
  We review the possibility that metallicity could provide a diagnostic for the
age of a galaxy, hence that the most metal-poor star forming galaxies in the
local universe may be genuinely young. Indeed, observational evidence for
downsizing shows the average age of the stars in a galaxy to decrease with
decreasing mass and metallicity. However, we conclude both from observational
and theoretical viewpoints that metallicity is not an arrow of time.
Consequently the most metal poor galaxies of our local universe are not
necessarely young. Current observations suggest that an old stellar population
is present in all metal-poor galaxies, although a couple of cases, e.g. IZw18,
remain under debate. Further observations with more sentitive equipement should
settle this question in the coming years.


title: Superconducting antenna for detection of gravitational waves

abstract:
  Combining the principle of magnetic flux quantization inside a
superconducting loop and existence of rigid platforms (i.e., solids,
non-deformable under the action of gravitational waves) a design for
gravitational wave antenna is suggested. This design could yield a non-resonant
detector, with modest sizes and capability to generate detectable signals for
gravitational waves from astrophysical sources.


title: Starbursts and their contribution to metal enrichment

abstract:
  I review the properties of starburst galaxies, compare the properties of the
local ones with more distant starburts and examine their role in the metal
enrichment of the interstellar medium and the intergalactic-intracluster
medium. Metallicity is not an arrow of time and contrary to current belief
metal rich galaxies can also be found at high redshift.


title: Coherence of a Josephson phase qubit under partial-collapse measurement

abstract:
  We discuss quantum evolution of a decaying state in relation to a recent
experiment of Katz et al. Based on exact analytical and numerical solutions of
a simple model, we identify a regime where qubit retains coherence over a
finite time interval independently of the rates of three competing decoherence
processes. In this regime, the quantum decay process can be continuously
monitored via a ``weak'' measurement without affecting the qubit coherence.


title:
Atomic data from the Iron Project. LXIV. Radiative transition rates and
  collision strengths for Ca II

abstract:
  This work reports radiative transition rates and electron impact excitation
rate coefficients for levels of the n= 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 configurations of Ca
II. The radiative data were computed using the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac central
potential method in the frozen core approximation and includes the polarization
interaction between the valence electron and the core using a model potential.
This method allows for configuration interactions (CI) and relativistic effects
in the Breit-Pauli formalism. Collision strengths in LS-coupling were
calculated in the close coupling approximation with the R-matrix method. Then,
fine structure collision strengths were obtained by means of the
intermediate-coupling frame transformation (ICFT) method which accounts for
spin-orbit coupling effects. We present extensive comparisons with the most
recent calculations and measurements for Ca II as well as a comparison between
the core polarization results and the "unpolarized" values. We find that core
polarization affects the computed lifetimes by up to 20%. Our results are in
very close agreement with recent measurements for the lifetimes of metastable
levels. The present collision strengths were integrated over a Maxwellian
distribution of electron energies and the resulting effective collision
strengths are given for a wide range of temperatures. Our effective collision
strengths for the resonance transitions are within ~11% from previous values
derived from experimental measurements, but disagree with latter computations
using the distorted wave approximation.


title: On Gene Duplication Models for Evolving Regulatory Networks

abstract:
  Background: Duplication of genes is important for evolution of molecular
networks. Many authors have therefore considered gene duplication as a driving
force in shaping the topology of molecular networks. In particular it has been
noted that growth via duplication would act as an implicit way of preferential
attachment, and thereby provide the observed broad degree distributions of
molecular networks.
  Results: We extend current models of gene duplication and rewiring by
including directions and the fact that molecular networks are not a result of
unidirectional growth. We introduce upstream sites and downstream shapes to
quantify potential links during duplication and rewiring. We find that this in
itself generates the observed scaling of transcription factors for genome sites
in procaryotes. The dynamical model can generate a scale-free degree
distribution, p(k)∝ 1/k^γ, with exponent γ=1 in the
non-growing case, and with γ>1 when the network is growing.
  Conclusions: We find that duplication of genes followed by substantial
recombination of upstream regions could generate main features of genetic
regulatory networks. Our steady state degree distribution is however to broad
to be consistent with data, thereby suggesting that selective pruning acts as a
main additional constraint on duplicated genes. Our analysis shows that gene
duplication can only be a main cause for the observed broad degree
distributions, if there is also substantial recombinations between upstream
regions of genes.


title:
Single NanoParticle Photothermal Tracking (SNaPT) of 5 nm gold beads in
  live cells

abstract:
  Tracking individual nano-objets in live cells during arbitrary long times is
an ubiquitous need in modern biology. We present here a method for tracking
individual 5 nm gold nanoparticles on live cells. It relies on the photothermal
effect and the detection of the Laser Induced Scattering around a NanoAbsorber
(LISNA). The key point for recording trajectories at video rate is the use of a
triangulation procedure. The effectiveness of the method is tested against
Single fluorescent Molecule Tracking in live COS7 cells on subsecond time
scales. We further demonstrate recordings for several minutes of AMPA receptors
trajectories on the plasma membrane of live neurons. SNaPT has the unique
potential to record arbitrary long trajectory of membrane proteins using
non-fluorescent nanometer sized labels.


title: Positronium Groundstate in Relativistic Schroedinger Theory

abstract:
  The usefulness of the Relativistic Schr\"odinger Theory (RST) is studied in
the field of atomic physics. As a concrete demonstration, the positronium
groundstate is considered in great detail; especially the groundstate energy
$E_0$ is worked out in the non-relativistic approximation and under neglection
of the magnetic interactions between the positron and the electron. The
corresponding RST prediction $(E_0\simeq -6,48 [eV])$ misses the analogous
conventional Schr\"odinger result $(E_0\simeq -6,80 [eV])$ but is closer to the
latter than the corresponding Hartree approximation $(-2,65 [eV])$. The missing
binding energy of $6,80-6,48=0,32 [eV]$ can be attributed to the approximative
use of an SO(3) symmetric interaction potential which in RST, however, is
actually only SO(2) invariant against rotations around the z-axis. It is
expected that, with the correct use of an anisotropic interaction potential due
to the SO(2) symmetry, the RST predictions will come even closer to the
conventional Schr\"odinger result, where however the mathematical structure of
RST relies on exotic (i.e. double-valued) wave functions and on the
corresponding unconventional interaction potentials (e.g. Struve-Neumann
potential).


title:
Relative Cuntz-Pimsner Algebras, Partial Isometric Crossed Products and
  Reduction of Relations

abstract:
  The article discusses the interrelation between relative Cuntz-Pimsner
algebras and partial isometric crossed products, and presents a procedure that
reduces any given Hilbert bimodule to the "smallest" Hilbert bimodule yielding
the same relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebra as the initial one. In the context of
crossed products this reduction procedure corresponds to reduction of
C*-dynamical systems.


title: Conditional observability

abstract:
  For a quantum Hamiltonian H =H(p) the observability of the energies E may be
robust (whenever all E are real at all p) or, otherwise, conditional. Using a
pseudo-Hermitian family of N-state chain models H we discuss some generic
properties of conditionally observable spectra.


title: The Curious Case of NGC6908

abstract:
  The object NGC6908 was once thought to be simply a surface-brightness
enhancement in the eastern spiral arm of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC6907.
Based on an examination of near-infrared imaging, the object is shown in fact
to be a lenticular S0(6/7) galaxy hidden in the optical glare of the disk and
spiral structure of the larger galaxy. New radial velocities of NGC6908
(3,060+/-16 (emission); 3,113+/-73 km/s (absorption)) have been obtained at the
Baade 6.5m and the duPont 2.5m telescopes at Las Campanas, Chile placing
NGC6908 at the same expansion-velocity distance as NGC6907 (3,190+/-5 km/s),
eliminating the possibility of a purely chance line-of-sight coincidence. The
once-enigmatic asymmetries in the disk and outer spiral structure of NGC6907
are now explained as being due to an advanced merger event. Newly discovered
tails and debris in the outer reaches of this galaxy further support the merger
scenario for this system. This pair of galaxies is a rather striking example of
two objects discovered over 100 years ago, whose true nature was lost until
modern detectors operating at infrared wavelengths gave us a new
(high-contrast) look. Other examples of embedded merger remnants may also
reveal themselves in the growing samples of near-infrared imaging of nearby
galaxies; and a pilot study does reveal several other promising candidates for
follow-up observations.


title:
Observation of intrinsic size effects in the optical response of
  individual gold nanoparticles

abstract:
  The Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging method is used to study for the first
time the absorption spectra of individual gold nanoparticles with diameters
down to 5 nm. Intrinsic size effects wich result in a broadening of the Surface
Plasmon resonance are unambiguously observed. Dispersions in the peak energies
and homogeneous widths of the single particle resonances are revealed. The
experimental results are analysed within the frame of Mie theory.


title:
Photothermal Absorption Spectroscopy of Individual Semiconductor
  Nanocrystals

abstract:
  Photothermal heterodyne detection is used to record the first
room-temperature absorption spectra of single CdSe/ZnS semiconductor
nanocrystals. These spectra are recorded in the high cw excitation regime, and
the observed bands are assigned to transitions involving biexciton and trion
states. Comparison with the single nanocrystals photoluminescence spectra leads
to the measurement of spectral Stokes shifts free from ensemble averaging.


title: Single metallic nanoparticle imaging for protein detection in cells

abstract:
  We performed a visualization of membrane proteins labeled with 10-nm gold
nanoparticles in cells, using an all-optical method based on photothermal
interference contrast. The high sensitivity of the method and the stability of
the signals allows 3D imaging of individual nanoparticles without the drawbacks
of photobleaching and blinking inherent to fluorescent markers. A simple
analytical model is derived to account for the measurements of the signal
amplitude and the spatial resolution. The photothermal interference contrast
method provides an efficient, reproducible, and promising way to visualize low
amounts of proteins in cells by optical means.


title: Trapping mechanism in overdamped ratchets with quenched noise

abstract:
  A trapping mechanism is observed and proposed as the origin of the anomalous
behavior recently discovered in transport properties of overdamped ratchets
subject to external oscillatory drive in the presence of quenched noise. In
particular, this mechanism is shown to appear whenever the quenched disorder
strength is greater than a threshold value. The minimum disorder strength
required for the existence of traps is determined by studying the trap
structure in a disorder configuration space. An approximation to the trapping
probability density function in a disordered region of finite length included
in an otherwise perfect ratchet lattice is obtained. The mean velocity of the
particles and the diffusion coefficient are found to have a non-monotonic
dependence on the quenched noise strength due to the presence of the traps.


title:
Analytic approach to the thermal Casimir force between metal and
  dielectric

abstract:
  The analytic asymptotic expressions for the Casimir free energy, pressure and
entropy at low temperature in the configuration of one metal and one dielectric
plate are obtained. For this purpose we develop the perturbation theory in a
small parameter proportional to the product of the separation between the
plates and the temperature. This is done using both the simplified model of an
ideal metal and of a dielectric with constant dielectric permittivity and for
the realistic case of the metal and dielectric with frequency-dependent
dielectric permittivities. The analytic expressions for all related physical
quantities at high temperature are also provided. The obtained analytic results
are compared with numerical computations and good agreement is found. We
demonstrate for the first time that the Lifshitz theory, when applied to the
configuration of metal-dielectric, satisfies the requirements of thermodynamics
if the static dielectric permittivity of a dielectric plate is finite. If it is
infinitely large, the Lifshitz formula is shown to violate the Nernst heat
theorem. The implications of these results for the thermal quantum field theory
in Matsubara formulation and for the recent measurements of the Casimir force
between metal and semiconductor surfaces are discussed.


title: Weyl modules for the twisted loop algebras

abstract:
  The notion of a Weyl module, previously defined for the untwisted affine
algebras, is extended here to the twisted affine algebras. We describe an
identification of the Weyl modules for the twisted affine algebras with
suitably chosen Weyl modules for the untwisted affine algebras. This
identification allows us to use known results in the untwisted case to compute
the dimensions and characters of the Weyl modules for the twisted algebras.


title:
An inequality for the Perron and Floquet eigenvalues of monotone
  differential systems and age structured equations

abstract:
  For monotone linear differential systems with periodic coefficients, the
(first) Floquet eigenvalue measures the growth rate of the system. We define an
appropriate arithmetico-geometric time average of the coefficients for which we
can prove that the Perron eigenvalue is smaller than the Floquet eigenvalue. We
apply this method to Partial Differential Equations, and we use it for an
age-structured systems of equations for the cell cycle. This opposition between
Floquet and Perron eigenvalues models the loss of circadian rhythms by cancer
cells.


title: Compositions of Graphs Revisited

abstract:
  The idea of graph compositions, which was introduced by A. Knopfmacher and M.
E. Mays, generalizes both ordinary compositions of positive integers and
partitions of finite sets. In their original paper they developed formulas,
generating functions, and recurrence relations for composition counting
functions for several families of graphs. Here we show that some of the results
involving compositions of bipartite graphs can be derived more easily using
exponential generating functions.


title: Recovery of edges from spectral data with noise -- a new perspective

abstract:
  We consider the problem of detecting edges in piecewise smooth functions from
their N-degree spectral content, which is assumed to be corrupted by noise.
There are three scales involved: the "smoothness" scale of order 1/N, the noise
scale of order $\eta$ and the O(1) scale of the jump discontinuities. We use
concentration factors which are adjusted to the noise variance, $\eta$ >> 1/N,
in order to detect the underlying O(1)-edges, which are separated from the
noise scale, $\eta$ << 1.


title:
Effect of Decoherence on the Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates in a
  Double-well Potential

abstract:
  We study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well
potential in the mean-field approximation. Decoherence effects are considered
by analyzing the couplings of the condensate to environments. Two kinds of
coupling are taken into account. With the first kind of coupling dominated, the
decoherence can enhance the self-trapping by increasing the damping of the
oscillations in the dynamics, while the decoherence from the second kind of
condensate-environment coupling leads to spoiling of the quantum tunneling and
self-trapping.


title:
Quantum Theory of Orbital Magnetization and its Generalization to
  Interacting Systems

abstract:
  Based on standard perturbation theory, we present a full quantum derivation
of the formula for the orbital magnetization in periodic systems. The
derivation is generally valid for insulators with or without a Chern number,
for metals at zero or finite temperatures, and at weak as well as strong
magnetic fields. The formula is shown to be valid in the presence of
electron-electron interaction, provided the one-electron energies and wave
functions are calculated self-consistently within the framework of the exact
current and spin density functional theory.


title: Word length in surface groups with characteristic generating sets

abstract:
  A subset of a group is characteristic if it is invariant under every
automorphism of the group. We study word length in fundamental groups of closed
hyperbolic surfaces with respect to characteristic generating sets consisting
of a finite union of orbits of the automorphism group, and show that the
translation length of any element with nonzero crossing number is positive, and
bounded below by a constant depending only (and explicitly) on a bound on the
crossing numbers of generating elements. This answers a question of B. Farb.


title: Non-coding DNA programs express adaptation and its universal law

abstract:
  Significant fraction (98.5% in humans) of most animal genomes is non- coding
dark matter. Its largely unknown function (1-5) is related to programming
(rather than to spontaneous mutations) of accurate adaptation to rapidly
changing environment. Programmed adaptation to the same universal law for
non-competing animals from anaerobic yeast to human is revealed in the study of
their extensively quantified mortality (6-21). Adaptation of animals with
removed non-coding DNA fractions may specify their contribution to genomic
programming. Emergence of new adaptation programs and their (non-Mendelian)
heredity may be studied in antibiotic mini-extinctions (22-24). On a large
evolutionary scale rapid universal adaptation was vital for survival, and
evolved, in otherwise lethal for diverse species major mass extinctions
(25-28). Evolutionary and experimental data corroborate these conclusions
(6-21, 29-32). Universal law implies certain biological universality of diverse
species, thus quantifies applicability of animal models to humans). Genomic
adaptation programming calls for unusual approach to its study and implies
unanticipated perspectives, in particular, directed biological changes.

categories: q-bio.GN cond-mat.other nlin.AO q-bio.OT q-bio.PE q-bio.QM


title:
Neutrino mixing matrix in the 3-3-1 model with heavy leptons and $A_4$
  symmetry

abstract:
  We study the lepton sector in the model based on the local gauge group
$SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ which do not contain particles with
exotic electric charges. The seesaw mechanism and discrete $A_4$ symmetry are
introduced into the model to understand why neutrinos are especially light and
the observed pattern of neutrino mixing. The model provides a method for
obtaining the tri-bimaximal mixing matrix in the leading order. A non-zero
mixing angle $V_{e3}$ presents in the modified mixing matrix.


title: An integral gated mode single photon detector at telecom wavelengths

abstract:
  We demonstrate an integral gated mode single photon detector at telecom
wavelengths. The charge number of an avalanche pulse rather than the peak
current is monitored for single-photon detection. The transient spikes in
conventional gated mode operation are canceled completely by integrating, which
enables one to improve the performance of single photon detector greatly with
the same avalanche photodiode. This method has achieved a detection efficiency
of 29.9% at the dark count probability per gate equal to 5.57E-6/gate
(1.11E-6/ns) at 1550nm.


title:
Gauge symmetry in Kitaev-type spin models and index theorems on odd
  manifolds

abstract:
  We construct an exactly soluble spin-$\frac{1}2$ model on a honeycomb
lattice, which is a generalization of Kitaev model. The topological phases of
the system are analyzed by study of the ground state sector of this model, the
vortex-free states. Basically, there are two phases, A phase and B phase. The
behaviors of both A and B phases may be studied by mapping the ground state
sector into a general p-wave paired states of spinless fermions with tunable
pairing parameters on a square lattice. In this p-wave paired state theory, the
A phase is shown to be the strong paired phase, an insulating phase. The B
phase may be either gapped or gapless determined by the generalized inversion
symmetry is broken or not. The gapped B is the weak pairing phase described by
either the Moore-Read Pfaffian state of the spinless fermions or anti-Pfaffian
state of holes depending on the sign of the next nearest neighbor hopping
amplitude. A phase transition between Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states are
found in the gapped B phase. Furthermore, we show that there is a hidden SU(2)
gauge symmetry in our model. In the gapped B phase, the ground state has a
non-trivial topological number, the spectral first Chern number or the chiral
central charge, which reflects the chiral anomaly of the edge state. We proved
that the topological number is identified to the reduced eta-invariant and this
anomaly may be cancelled by a bulk Wess-Zumino term of SO(3) group through an
index theorem in 2+1 dimensions.


title:
Critical state analysis of orthogonal flux interactions in pinned
  superconductors

abstract:
  We show that, based on the critical state model for flux-line pinning in hard
superconductors, one can assess the magnetic moment relaxation induced by the
oscillations of a perpendicular magnetic field. Our theory follows a recent
proposal of using phenomenological 2D modeling for the description of crossed
field dynamics in high-T$_c$ superconductors [{\tt arXiv:cond-mat/0703330}].
  Stationary regimes with either saturation to metastable configurations, or
complete decay to the thermodynamic equilibrium are obtained. The transition
between both types of response is related to the disappearance of a flux free
core within the sample. As a common feature, a step-like dependence in the time
relaxation is predicted for both cases. The theory may be applied to long bars
of arbitrary and non homogeneous cross section, under in-plane magnetic field
processes.


title: The Origin of the Young Stars in the Nucleus of M31

abstract:
  The triple nucleus of M31 consists of a population of old red stars in an
eccentric disk (P1 and P2) and another population of younger A stars in a
circular disk (P3) around M31's central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We
argue that P1 and P2 determine the maximal radial extent of the younger A star
population and provide the gas that fueled the starburst that generated P3. The
eccentric stellar disk creates an $m=1$ non-axisymmetric perturbation to the
potential. This perturbed potential drives gas into the inner parsec around the
SMBH, if the pattern speed of the eccentric stellar disk is $\Omega_p \lesssim
3-10 {\rm km s^{-1} pc^{-1}}$. We show that stellar mass loss from P1 and P2 is
sufficient to create a gravitationally unstable gaseous disk of $\sim
10^5\Msun$ every $0.1-1$ Gyrs, consistent with the 200 Myr age of P3. Similar
processes may act in other systems to produce very compact nuclear starbursts.


title:
Long Term Evolution of Magnetic Turbulence in Relativistic Collisionless
  Shocks: Electron-Positron Plasmas

abstract:
  We study the long term evolution of magnetic fields generated by a
collisionless relativistic $e^+e^-$ shock which is initially unmagnetized. Our
2D particle-in-cell numerical simulations show that downstream of such a
Weibel-mediated shock, particle distributions are close to isotropic,
relativistic Maxwellians, and the magnetic turbulence is highly intermittent
spatially, with the non-propagating magnetic fields forming relatively isolated
regions with transverse dimension $\sim 10-20$ skin depths. These structures
decay in amplitude, with little sign of downstream merging. The fields start
with magnetic energy density $\sim (0.1-0.2)$ of the upstream kinetic energy
within the shock transition, but rapid downstream decay drives the fields to
much smaller values, below $10^{-3}$ of equipartition after $10^3$ skin depths.
  In an attempt to construct a theory that follows field decay to these smaller
values, we explore the hypothesis that the observed damping is a variant of
Landau damping in an unmagnetized plasma. The model is based on the small value
of the downstream magnetic energy density, which suggests that particle orbits
are only weakly perturbed from straight line motion, if the turbulence is
homogeneous. Using linear kinetic theory applied to electromagnetic fields in
an isotropic, relativistic Maxwellian plasma, we find a simple analytic form
for the damping rates, $\gamma_k$, in two and three dimensions for small
amplitude, subluminous electromagnetic fields. We find that magnetic energy
does damp due to phase mixing of current carrying particles as $(\omega_p
t)^{-q}$ with $q \sim 1$. (abridged)


title: Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution With Modified Coherent State

abstract:
  To beat PNS attack, decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) based on
coherent state has been studied widely. We present a decoy state QKD protocol
with modified coherent state (MCS). By destruction quantum interference, MCS
with fewer multi-photon events can be get, which may improve key bit rate and
security distance of QKD. Through numerical simulation, we show about 2-dB
increment on security distance for BB84 protocol.


title:
Observations of Comet C/LINEAR (2004B1) between2 and 3 AU heliocentric
  distance

abstract:
  We present R-band observations of comet C2004B1 obtained in the period June,
21 - August 20, 2006. The data have been reduced to surface brightness maps,
light curves, and mean radial profiles of the coma. In two cases a decrease of
the brightness was recorded, which lasted for several days. The brightness
decrease was accompanied by morphological changes in the coma.


title: Minimizing Unsatisfaction in Colourful Neighbourhoods

abstract:
  Colouring sparse graphs under various restrictions is a theoretical problem
of significant practical relevance. Here we consider the problem of maximizing
the number of different colours available at the nodes and their
neighbourhoods, given a predetermined number of colours. In the analytical
framework of a tree approximation, carried out at both zero and finite
temperatures, solutions obtained by population dynamics give rise to estimates
of the threshold connectivity for the incomplete to complete transition, which
are consistent with those of existing algorithms. The nature of the transition
as well as the validity of the tree approximation are investigated.


title:
Japanese VLBI Network observations of radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1
  galaxies

abstract:
  We performed phase-reference very long baseline interferometry (VLBI)
observations on five radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) at 8.4
GHz with the Japanese VLBI Network (JVN). Each of the five targets (RXS
J08066+7248, RXS J16290+4007, RXS J16333+4718, RXS J16446+2619, and B3
1702+457) in milli-Jansky levels were detected and unresolved in
milli-arcsecond resolutions, i.e., with brightness temperatures higher than
10^7 K. The nonthermal processes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity,
rather than starbursts, are predominantly responsible for the radio emissions
from these NLS1s. Out of the nine known radio-loud NLS1s, including the ones
chosen for this study, we found that the four most radio-loud objects
exclusively have inverted spectra. This suggests a possibility that these NLS1s
are radio-loud due to Doppler beaming, which can apparently enhance both the
radio power and the spectral frequency.


title:
Observation of two-dimensional surface solitons in anisotropic waveguide
  arrays

abstract:
  We report on the experimental observation of two-dimensional surface waves
localized at the edge or in the corner of femtosecond laser-written waveguide
arrays in fused silica. Increasing the power of the input beam allows one to
observe a clear transition from a linear diffraction pattern to localized
nonlinear surface states, which can exist at the interface only above a certain
power threshold.


title:
Neutrino Mixing and Leptogenesis in Type-II Seesaw Scenarios with
  Left-Right Symmetry

abstract:
  We propose two Type-II seesaw scenarios for the neutrino mass matrix in the
left-right symmetric model, in which the Higgs triplet Yukawa coupling matrix
takes the appealing Friedberg-Lee texture. We show that the nearly
tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern, which is especially favored by current
neutrino oscillation data, can be obtained from both scenarios. We also show
that the cosmological baryon number asymmetry can naturally be interpreted in
these two scenarios via the flavor-independent leptogenesis mechanism.


title:
Multiband optical surface brightness profile decompositions of the
  Seyfert galaxies Mrk 79 and NGC 5548

abstract:
  We present preliminary results of the Johnson-Cousins (U)BVRI surface
brightness profile decompositions of the Seyfert galaxies Mrk 79 and NGC 5548.
The profiles were modelled as a sum of a Gaussian law for the nucleus, a Sersic
law for the bulge and an exponent law for the disk. A flat bar was added to the
model profile of Mrk 79. The parameters and the total magnitudes of the
structural components were derived.


title: Produit d'entrelacement et action triangulaire d'alg\`ebres de Lie

abstract:
  Formal actions of Lie algebras over vector spaces are introduced in a purely
algebraic way, as a mimic of infinitesimal operations of Banach Lie algebras
over Banach analytic manifolds. In analogy with the case of abstract groups,
complete wreath products and triangular actions are then defined for Lie
algebras acting "en cascade" over vector spaces. Finally, a Kaloujnine-Krasner
type theorem for Lie algebra extensions is proved.
  -----
  En mimant les lois d'op\'erations infinit\'esimales des alg\`ebres de Lie sur
les vari\'et\'e s analytiques banachiques, on introduit de mani\`ere purement
alg\`ebrique la notion d'action formelle d'une alg\`ebre de Lie sur un espace
vectoriel. Ensuite, par analogie avec le cas des groupes abstraits, et en
faisant op\'erer les alg\`ebres de Lie "en cascade", on d\'efinit produit
d'entrelacement ("wreath product") et action triangulaire pour les alg\`ebres
de Lie. On d\'emontre enfin un th\'eor\`eme du type Kaloujnine-Krasner pour les
extensions d'alg\`ebres de Lie.


title:
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. Super-Earths (5 &
  8 M_Earth) in a 3-planet system

abstract:
  This Letter reports on the detection of two super-Earth planets in the Gl581
system, already known to harbour a hot Neptune. One of the planets has a mass
of 5 M_Earth and resides at the ``warm'' edge of the habitable zone of the
star. It is thus the known exoplanet which most resembles our own Earth. The
other planet has a 7.7 M_Earth mass and orbits at 0.25 AU from the star, close
to the ``cold'' edge of the habitable zone. These two new light planets around
an M3 dwarf further confirm the formerly tentative statistical trend for i)
many more very low-mass planets being found around M dwarfs than around
solar-type stars and ii) low-mass planets outnumbering Jovian planets around M
dwarfs.


title:
MMT observations of new extremely metal-poor emission-line galaxies in
  the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

abstract:
  We present 6.5-meter MMT spectrophotometry of 20 H II regions in 13 extremely
metal-poor emission-line galaxies selected from the Data Release 5 of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey to have [O III] 4959/Hbeta < 1 and [N II] 6583/Hbeta < 0.05.
The electron temperature-sensitive emission line [O III] 4363 is detected in 13
H II regions allowing a direct abundance determination. The oxygen abundance in
the remaining H II regions is derived using a semi-empirical method. The oxygen
abundance of the galaxies in our sample ranges from 12+logO/H ~ 7.1 to ~ 7.8,
with 10 H II regions having an oxygen abundance lower than 7.5. The lowest
oxygen abundances, 12+logO/H = 7.14+/-0.03 and 7.13+/-0.07, are found in two H
II regions of the blue compact dwarf galaxy SDSSJ0956+2849=DDO 68, making it
the second most-metal deficient emission-line galaxy known, after SBS
0335-052W.


title: Characterizing Sparse Graphs by Map Decompositions

abstract:
  A {\bf map} is a graph that admits an orientation of its edges so that each
vertex has out-degree exactly 1. We characterize graphs which admit a
decomposition into $k$ edge-disjoint maps after: (1) the addition of {\it any}
$\ell$ edges; (2) the addition of {\it some} $\ell$ edges. These graphs are
identified with classes of {\it sparse} graphs; the results are also given in
matroidal terms.


title: Unstable structures definable in o-minimal theories

abstract:
  Let M be an o-minimal structure with elimination of imaginaries, N an
unstable structure definable in M. Then there exists X, interpretable in N,
such that X with all the structure induced from N is o-minimal. In particular X
is linearly ordered.
  As part of the proof we show: Theorem 1: If the M-dimenson of N is 1 then any
1-N-type is either strongly stable or finite by o-minimal. Theorem 2: If N is
N-minimal then it is 1-M-dimensional.


title: On the interaction of a charge with a thin plasma sheet

abstract:
  The interaction of the electromagnetic field with a two dimensional plasma
sheet intended to describe the pi-electrons of a carbon nano-tube or a $C_{60}$
molecule is investigated. By integrating out first the displacement field of
the plasma or first the electromagnetic field different representations for
quantities like the Casimir energy are derived which are shown to be consistent
with one another. Starting from the covariant gauge for the electromagnetic
field it is shown that the matching conditions to which the presence of the
plasma sheet can be reduced are different from the commonly used ones. The
difference in the treatments does not show up in the Casimir force between two
parallel sheets, but it is present in the Casimir-Polder force between a charge
or a neutral atom and a sheet. At once, since the plasma sheet is a
regularization of the conductor boundary conditions, this sheds light on the
difference in physics found earlier in the realization of conductor boundary
conditions as 'thin' or 'thick' boundary conditions in
Phys.Rev.D70(2004)085010.


title:
Vesicle dynamics in elongation flow: Wrinkling instability and bud
  formation

abstract:
  We present experimental results on the relaxation dynamics of vesicles
subjected to a time-dependent elongation flow. We observed and characterized a
new instability, which results in the formation of higher order modes of the
vesicle shape (wrinkles), after a switch in the direction of the gradient of
the velocity. This surprising generation of membrane wrinkles can be explained
by the appearance of a negative surface tension during the vesicle deflation,
due to compression in a sign-switching transient. Moreover, the formation of
buds in the vesicle membrane has been observed in the vicinity of the dynamical
transition point.


title:
Analytical results for 2-D non-rectilinear waveguides based on the
  Green's function

abstract:
  We consider the problem of wave propagation for a 2-D rectilinear optical
waveguide which presents some perturbation. We construct a mathematical
framework to study such a problem and prove the existence of a solution for the
case of small imperfections. Our results are based on the knowledge of a
Green's function for the rectilinear case.


title:
Scaling Properties, Fractals, and the Renormalisation Group Approach to
  Percolation

abstract:
  For Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (Springer Verlag). No
abstract.
  I. Definition and Introduction
  II. Methods
  III. Quantities and Exponents
  IV. Fractal Dimension; Incipient Infinite Cluster
  V. Simple Renormalisation Group
  VI. Future Directions


title: Phase Transitions on Fractals and Networks

abstract:
  For Encyclopedia of Complexist and System Science No abstract given
  I. Definition and Introduction
  II. Ising Model
  III. Fractals
  IV. Diffusion on Fractals
  V. Ising Model on Fractals
  VI. Other Subjects ?
  VII. Networks
  VIII. Future Directions


title: Derivations and skew derivations of the Grassmann algebras

abstract:
  Surprisingly, skew derivations rather than ordinary derivations are more
basic (important) object in study of the Grassmann algebras. Let $\L_n =
K\lfloor x_1, ..., x_n\rfloor$ be the Grassmann algebra over a commutative ring
$K$ with ${1/2}\in K$, and $\d$ be a skew $K$-derivation of $\L_n$. It is
proved that $\d$ is a unique sum $\d = \d^{ev} +\d^{od}$ of an even and odd
skew derivation. Explicit formulae are given for $\d^{ev}$ and $\d^{od}$ via
the elements $\d (x_1), ..., \d (x_n)$. It is proved that the set of all even
skew derivations of $\L_n$ coincides with the set of all the inner skew
derivations. Similar results are proved for derivations of $\L_n$. In
particular, $\Der_K(\L_n)$ is a faithful but not simple $\Aut_K(\L_n)$-module
(where $K$ is reduced and $n\geq 2$). All differential and skew differential
ideals of $\L_n$ are found. It is proved that the set of generic normal
elements of $\L_n$ that are not units forms a single $\Aut_K(\L_n)$-orbit
(namely, $\Aut_K(\L_n)x_1$) if $n$ is even and two orbits (namely,
$\Aut_K(\L_n)x_1$ and $\Aut_K(\L_n)(x_1+x_2... x_n)$) if $n$ is odd.


title: The Statistics of Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence

abstract:
  We present results of large-scale three-dimensional simulations of supersonic
Euler turbulence with the piecewise parabolic method and multiple grid
resolutions up to 2048^3 points. Our numerical experiments describe
non-magnetized driven turbulent flows with an isothermal equation of state and
an rms Mach number of 6. We discuss numerical resolution issues and demonstrate
convergence, in a statistical sense, of the inertial range dynamics in
simulations on grids larger than 512^3 points. The simulations allowed us to
measure the absolute velocity scaling exponents for the first time. The
inertial range velocity scaling in this strongly compressible regime deviates
substantially from the incompressible Kolmogorov laws. The slope of the
velocity power spectrum, for instance, is -1.95 compared to -5/3 in the
incompressible case. The exponent of the third-order velocity structure
function is 1.28, while in incompressible turbulence it is known to be unity.
We propose a natural extension of Kolmogorov's phenomenology that takes into
account compressibility by mixing the velocity and density statistics and
preserves the Kolmogorov scaling of the power spectrum and structure functions
of the density-weighted velocity v=\rho^{1/3}u. The low-order statistics of v
appear to be invariant with respect to changes in the Mach number. For
instance, at Mach 6 the slope of the power spectrum of v is -1.69, and the
exponent of the third-order structure function of v is unity. We also directly
measure the mass dimension of the "fractal" density distribution in the
inertial subrange, D_m = 2.4, which is similar to the observed fractal
dimension of molecular clouds and agrees well with the cascade phenomenology.


title: Fluidization of a vertically oscillated shallow granular layer

abstract:
  Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study fluidization of a vertically
vibrated, three-dimensional shallow granular layer. As the container
acceleration is increased above g, the granular temperature and root mean
square particle displacement increase, gradually fluidizing the layer. For
nearly elastic particles, or low shaking frequencies, or small layer depths,
the end of the fluidization process is marked by an abrupt increase in the
granular temperature and rms particle displacement. The layer is then fully
fluidized since macroscopic, fluid-like phenomena such as convection rolls and
surface waves are observed. Increasing the total dissipation (by either
decreasing the restitution coefficient or increasing the total number of
particles) decreases the increase in granular temperature and rms particle
displacement at fluidization, and shifts the increase to higher accelerations.
Increasing the frequency also decreases the magnitude of the jump, and shifts
the change to lower accelerations.


title:
Fluorescence microscopy of single autofluorescent proteins for cellular
  biology

abstract:
  In this paper we review the applicability of autofluorescent proteins for
single-molecule imaging in biology. The photophysical characteristics of
several mutants of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and those of DsRed are
compared and critically discussed for their use in cellular biology. The
alternative use of two-photon excitation at the single-molecule level or
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy is envisaged for the study of individual
autofluorescent proteins. Single-molecule experiments performed in live cells
using eGFP and preferably eYFP fusion proteins are reviewed. Finally, the first
use at the single-molecule level of citrine, a more photostable variant of the
eYFP is reported when fused to a receptor for neurotransmitter in live cells.


title:
Multiple Routes for Glutamate Receptor Trafficking: Surface Diffusion
  and Membrane Traffic Cooperate to Bring Receptors to Synapses

abstract:
  Trafficking of glutamate receptors into and out of synapses is critically
involved in the plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission. Endocytosis and
exocytosis of receptors have initially been thought to account alone for this
trafficking. However, membrane proteins also traffic through surface lateral
diffusion in the plasma membrane. We describe developments in
electrophysiological and optical approaches that have allowed for the real time
measurement of glutamate receptor surface trafficking in live neurons. These
include (i) specific imaging of surface receptors using a pH sensitive
fluorescent protein, (ii) design of a photoactivable drug to inactivate locally
surface receptors and monitor electrophysiologically their recovery, and
(iii)application of single molecule fluorescence microscopy to directly track
the movement of individual surface receptors with nanometer resolution inside
and outside synapses. Altogether, these approaches have demonstrated that
glutamate receptors diffuse at high rates in the neuronal membrane and suggest
a key role for surface diffusion in the regulation of receptor numbers at
synapses.


title:
Single-molecule imaging of the H-ras membrane-anchor reveals domains in
  the cytoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane

abstract:
  In the last decade evidence has accumulated that small domains of 50-700 nm
in diameter are located in the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Most
of these domains supposedly consist of specific sets of lipids and proteins,
and are believed to coordinate signal transduction cascades. Whether similar
domains are also present in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane is
unclear so far. To investigate the presence of cytoplasmic leaflet domains, the
H-Ras membrane-targeting sequence was fused to the C-terminus of the enhanced
yellow fluorescent protein. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy,
trajectories of individual molecules diffusing in the cytoplasmic leaflet of
the plasma membrane were recorded. From these trajectories, the diffusion of
individual membrane-anchored enhanced yellow fluorescent protein molecules was
studied in live cells on timescales from 5 to 200 ms. The results show that the
diffusion of 30-40% of the molecules is constrained in domains with a typical
size of 200 nm. Neither breakdown of actin nor cholesterol extraction changed
the domain characteristics significantly, indicating that the observed domains
may not be related to the membrane domains identified so far.


title: On the effect of emission lines on the UBVR photometry

abstract:
  We investigate the effect on the U, B, V, Rc and Rj magnitudes of the removal
of emission lines from a spectrum. We determined "Dm" corrections from the
ratio of fluxes with and without emission lines, transmitted from the object
through the photometric filter. An exact and a simplified approach for
operative use were applied. The effect was demonstrated for classical symbiotic
stars, symbiotic novae and the classical nova V1974 Cyg. It was found that
about 20-30, 30-40, 10 and 26/20 percents of the observed flux in the U, B, V
and Rc/Rj filter, respectively, is radiated in the emission lines of the
investigated classical symbiotic stars. The largest effect was found for
symbiotic novae (RR Tel and V1016 Cyg) and the classical nova V1974 Cyg at 210
days (in average of 74, 79, 56 and 66/60 percents). Examples for practical
application are suggested.


title:
Photothermal heterodyne imaging of individual nonfluorescent
  nanoclusters and nanocrystals

abstract:
  We introduce a new, highly sensitive, and simple heterodyne optical method
for imaging individual nonfluorescent nanoclusters and nanocrystals. A 2 order
of magnitude improvement of the signal is achieved compared to previous
methods. This allows for the unprecedented detection of individual small
absorptive objects such as metallic clusters (of 67 atoms) or nonluminescent
semiconductor nanocrystals. The measured signals are in agreement with a
calculation based on the scattering field theory from a photothermal-induced
modulated index of refraction profile around the nanoparticle.


title: Direct imaging of lateral movements of AMPA receptors inside synapses

abstract:
  Trafficking of AMPA receptors in and out of synapses is crucial for synaptic
plasticity. Previous studies have focused on the role of endo/exocytosis
processes or that of lateral diffusion of extra-synaptic receptors. We have now
directly imaged AMPAR movements inside and outside synapses of live neurons
using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Inside individual synapses, we
found immobile and mobile receptors, which display restricted diffusion.
Extra-synaptic receptors display free diffusion. Receptors could also exchange
between these membrane compartments through lateral diffusion. Glutamate
application increased both receptor mobility inside synapses and the fraction
of mobile receptors present in a juxtasynaptic region. Block of inhibitory
transmission to favor excitatory synaptic activity induced a transient increase
in the fraction of mobile receptors and a decrease in the proportion of
juxtasynaptic receptors. Altogether, our data show that rapid exchange of
receptors between a synaptic and extra-synaptic localization occurs through
regulation of receptor diffusion inside synapses.


title: Density waves and supersolidity in rapidly rotating atomic Fermi gases

abstract:
  We study theoretically the low-temperature phases of a two-component atomic
Fermi gas with attractive s-wave interactions under conditions of rapid
rotation. We find that, in the extreme quantum limit, when all particles occupy
the lowest Landau level, the normal state is unstable to the formation of
"charge" density wave (CDW) order. At lower rotation rates, when many Landau
levels are occupied, we show that the low-temperature phases can be
supersolids, involving both CDW and superconducting order.


title: C_{0}-Hilbert Modules

abstract:
  We provide the definition and fundamental properties of algebraic elements
with respect to an operator satisfying hypothesis (h). Furthermore, we analyze
Hilbert modules using C_0-operators relative to a bounded finitely connected
region Omega in the complex plane.


title:
Pinned Low Energy Electronic Excitation in Metal Exchanged Vanadium
  Oxide Nanoscrolls

abstract:
  We measured the optical properties of mixed valent vanadium oxide nanoscrolls
and their metal exchanged derivatives in order to investigate the charge
dynamics in these compounds. In contrast to the prediction of a metallic state
for the metal exchanged derivatives within a rigid band model, we find that the
injected charges in Mn$^{2+}$ exchanged vanadium oxide nanoscrolls are pinned.
A low-energy electronic excitation associated with the pinned carriers appears
in the far infrared and persists at low temperature, suggesting that the
nanoscrolls are weak metals in their bulk form, dominated by inhomogeneous
charge disproportionation and Madelung energy effects.


title: An Integrated Human-Computer System for Controlling Interstate Disputes

abstract:
  In this paper we develop a scientific approach to control inter-country
conflict. This system makes use of a neural network and a feedback control
approach. It was found that by controlling the four controllable inputs:
Democracy, Dependency, Allies and Capability simultaneously, all the predicted
dispute outcomes could be avoided. Furthermore, it was observed that
controlling a single input Dependency or Capability also avoids all the
predicted conflicts. When the influence of each input variable on conflict is
assessed, Dependency, Capability, and Democracy emerge as key variables that
influence conflict.


title: Fano-Kondo effect through two-level system based on quantum dots

abstract:
  We theoretically study the Fano-Kondo effect in a triple quantum dot (QD)
system where two QDs constitute a two-level system and the other QD works in a
detector with electrodes. We found that the Fano dip is clearly modulated by
strongly coupled QDs in a two-level system and a slow detector with no
interacting QD. This setup suggests a new method of reading out qubit states.


title: A converse to the Second Whitehead Lemma

abstract:
  We show that finite-dimensional Lie algebras over a field of characteristic
zero such that the second cohomology group in every finite-dimensional module
vanishes, are, essentially, semisimple.


title:
Multicriticality of the (2+1)-dimensional gonihedric model: A
  realization of the (d,m)=(3,2) Lifshitz point

abstract:
  Multicriticality of the gonihedric model in 2+1 dimensions is investigated
numerically. The gonihedric model is a fully frustrated Ising magnet with the
finely tuned plaquette-type (four-body and plaquette-diagonal) interactions,
which cancel out the domain-wall surface tension. Because the
quantum-mechanical fluctuation along the imaginary-time direction is simply
ferromagnetic, the criticality of the (2+1)-dimensional gonihedric model should
be an anisotropic one; that is, the respective critical indices of real-space
(\perp) and imaginary-time (\parallel) sectors do not coincide. Extending the
parameter space to control the domain-wall surface tension, we analyze the
criticality in terms of the crossover (multicritical) scaling theory. By means
of the numerical diagonalization for the clusters with N\le 28 spins, we
obtained the correlation-length critical indices
(\nu_\perp,\nu_\parallel)=(0.45(10),1.04(27)), and the crossover exponent
\phi=0.7(2). Our results are comparable to
(\nu_{\perp},\nu_{\parallel})=(0.482,1.230), and \phi=0.688 obtained by Diehl
and Shpot for the (d,m)=(3,2) Lifshitz point with the \epsilon-expansion method
up to O(\epsilon^2).


title: Sharp $L^1$ estimates for singular transport equations

abstract:
  We provide $L^1$ estimates for a class of transport equations containing
singular integral operators. While our main application is for a specific
problem in General Relativity we believe that the phenomenon which our result
illustrates is of a more general interest.


title:
Role of Particle Interactions in the Feshbach Conversion of Fermion
  Atoms to Bosonic Molecules

abstract:
  We investigate the Feshbach conversion of fermion atomic pairs to condensed
boson molecules with a microscopic model that accounts the repulsive
interactions among all the particles involved. We find that the conversion
efficiency is enhanced by the interaction between boson molecules while
suppressed by the interactions between fermion atoms and between atom and
molecule. In certain cases, the combined effect of these interactions leads to
a ceiling of less than 100% on the conversion efficiency even in the adiabatic
limit. Our model predicts a non-monotonic dependence of the efficiency on mean
atomic density. Our theory agrees well with recent experiments on $^6$Li and
$^{40}$K.


title: An effective many-body theory for strongly interacting polar molecules

abstract:
  We derive a general effective many-body theory for bosonic polar molecules in
strong interaction regime, which cannot be correctly described by previous
theories within the first Born approximation. The effective Hamiltonian has
additional interaction terms, which surprisingly reduces the anisotropic
features of dipolar interaction near the shape resonance regime. In the 2D
system with dipole moment perpendicular to the plane, we find that the phonon
dispersion scales as $\sqrt{|\bfp|}$ in the low momentum ($\bfp$) limit,
showing the same low energy properties as a 2D charged Bose gas with Coulomb
($1/r$) interactions.


title: Evaluation of Exchange Interactions of the Spin Doughnut Mo_{75}V_{20}

abstract:
  Magnetic properties of the spin doughnut Mo_{75}V_{20}, which is a frustrated
magnetic cluster with twenty spins, are studied by using the finite-temperature
Lanczos method. Our model Hamiltonian consists of one ten-spin ring and two
five-spin rings with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic couplings J and J". The
five-spin rings are coupled to the ten-spin ring by an antiferromagnetic
exchange interaction J' so as to form isosceles triangles of one J-bond and two
J'-bonds. Fitting the theoretical magnetic susceptibility with the experimental
one measured by Muller et al., the exchange parameters are estimated as J=388
K, J'=163 K and J"=81 K. The most interesting feature of this system is that
the two five-spin rings behave like two free-spins at low temperatures in
despite of J'>J". We also calculate temperature dependence of the specific
heat, and find three peaks at T sim J, J" and J'/100.


title:
Effects of an oscillating field on pattern formation in a ferromagnetic
  thin film: Analysis of patterns traveling at a low velocity

abstract:
  Magnetic domain patterns under an oscillating field is studied theoretically
by using a simple Ising-like model. We propose two ways to investigate the
effects of the oscillating field. The first one leads to a model in which
rapidly oscillating terms are averaged out, and the model can explain the
existence of the maximum amplitude of the field for the appearance of patterns.
The second one leads to a model that includes the delay of the response to the
field, and the model suggests the existence of a traveling pattern which moves
very slowly compared with the time scale of the driving field.


title:
Effective tuning of exciton polarization splitting in coupled quantum
  dots

abstract:
  The polarization splitting of the exciton ground state in two laterally
coupled quantum dots under an in-plane electric field is investigated and its
effective tuning is designed. It is found that there are significant Stark
effect and anticrossing in energy levels. Due to coupling between inter- and
intra-dot states, the absolute value of polarization splitting is significantly
reduced, and it could be tuned to zero by the electric field for proper
inter-dot separations. Our scheme is interesting for the research on the
quantum dots-based entangled-photon source.


title:
The integrals in Gradshteyn and Rhyzik. Part 1: A family of logarithmic
  integrals

abstract:
  We present the evaluation of a family of logarithmic integrals. This provides
a unified proof of several formulas in the classical table of integrals by I.
S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Rhyzik.


title:
The integrals in Gradshteyn and Rhyzik. Part 2: Elementary logarithmic
  integrals

abstract:
  We describe methods to evaluate elementary logarithmic integrals. The
integrand is the product of a rational function and a linear polynomial in ln
x.


title:
Enhanced Kondo Effect in an Electron System Dynamically Coupled with
  Local Optical Phonon

abstract:
  We discuss Kondo behavior of a conduction electron system coupled with local
optical phonon by analyzing the Anderson-Holstein model with the use of a
numerical renormalization group (NRG) method. There appear three typical
regions due to the balance between Coulomb interaction $U_{\rm ee}$ and
phonon-mediated attraction $U_{\rm ph}$. For $U_{\rm ee}>U_{\rm ph}$, we
observe the standard Kondo effect concerning spin degree of freedom. Since the
Coulomb interaction is effectively reduced as $U_{\rm ee}-U_{\rm ph}$, the
Kondo temperature $T_{\rm K}$ is increased when $U_{\rm ph}$ is increased. On
the other hand, for $U_{\rm ee}<U_{\rm ph}$, there occurs the Kondo effect
concerning charge degree of freedom, since vacant and double occupied states
play roles of pseudo-spins. Note that in this case, $T_{\rm K}$ is decreased
with the increase of $U_{\rm ph}$. Namely, $T_{\rm K}$ should be maximized for
$U_{\rm ee} \approx U_{\rm ph}$. Then, we analyze in detail the Kondo behavior
at $U_{\rm ee}=U_{\rm ph}$, which is found to be explained by the polaron
Anderson model with reduced hybridization of polaron and residual repulsive
interaction among polarons. By comparing the NRG results of the polaron
Anderson model with those of the original Anderson-Holstein model, we clarify
the Kondo behavior in the competing region of $U_{\rm ee} \approx U_{\rm ph}$.


title:
Controlled Lagrangians and Stabilization of Discrete Mechanical Systems
  I

abstract:
  Controlled Lagrangian and matching techniques are developed for the
stabilization of relative equilibria and equilibria of discrete mechanical
systems with symmetry as well as broken symmetry. Interesting new phenomena
arise in the controlled Lagrangian approach in the discrete context that are
not present in the continuous theory. In particular, to make the discrete
theory effective, one can make an appropriate selection of momentum levels or,
alternatively, introduce a new parameter into the controlled Lagrangian to
complete the kinetic matching procedure. Specifically, new terms in the
controlled shape equation that are necessary for potential matching in the
discrete setting are introduced. The theory is illustrated with the problem of
stabilization of the cart-pendulum system on an incline. The paper also
discusses digital and model predictive controllers.


title: Groups generated by 3-state automata over a 2-letter alphabet, II

abstract:
  Classification of groups generated by 3-state automata over a 2-letter
alphabet started in the first paper (see http://www.arxiv.org/abs/math/0612178)
is continued.