title:
Run-up characterstics of symmetrical solitary tsunami waves of unknown
  shapes

abstract:
  The problem of tsunami wave run-up on a beach is discussed in the framework
of the rigorous solutions of the nonlinear shallow-water theory. We present an
analysis of the run-up characteristics for various shapes of the incoming
symmetrical solitary tsunami waves. It will be demonstrated that the extreme
(maximal) wave characteristics on a beach (run-up and draw-down heights, run-up
and draw-down velocities and breaking parameter) are weakly dependent on the
shape of incident wave if the definition of the significant wave length
determined on the 2/3 level of the maximum height is used. The universal
analytical expressions for the extreme wave characteristics are derived for the
run-up of the solitary pulses. They can be directly applicable for tsunami
warning because in many case the shape of the incident tsunami wave is unknown.


title:
Combined theory of complete orthonormal sets of quasirelativistic and
  relativistic sets of wave functions, and Slater orbitals of spin -1/2
  particles in position, momentum and four dimensional spaces

abstract:
  By the use of complete orthonormal sets of nonrelativistic scalar orbitals
introduced by the author in previous papers the new complete orthonormal basis
sets for two-and four-component spinor wave functions, and Slater spinor
orbitals useful in the quantum-mechanical description of the spin - 1/2
particles by the quasirelativistic and relativistic equations are established
in position, momentum and four-dimensional spaces. These function sets are
expressed through the corresponding nonrelativistic orbitals. The analytical
formulas for overlap integrals over four component relativistic Slater spinor
orbitals with the same screening constants in position space are also derived.
The relations obtained in this study can be useful in the study of different
problems arising in the quasirelativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics
when the position, momentum and four dimensional spaces are employed.


title:
The conversion of phase to amplitude fluctuations of a light beam by an
  optical cavity

abstract:
  Very low intensity and phase fluctuations are present in a bright light field
such as a laser beam. These subtle quantum fluctuations may be used to encode
quantum information. Although intensity is easily measured with common
photodetectors, accessing the phase information requires interference
experiments. We introduce one such technique, the rotation of the noise ellipse
of light, which employs an optical cavity to achieve the conversion of phase to
intensity fluctuations. We describe the quantum noise of light and how it can
be manipulated by employing an optical resonance technique and compare it to
similar techniques, such as Pound-Drever-Hall laser stabilization and homodyne
detection.


title: Geometry and topology of the quasi-plane Szekeres model

abstract:
  This paper is a revised version of arXiv:0805.0529 and Phys.Rev. D78, 064038
(2008), taking into account the erratum published in Phys.Rev. D85, 069903(E)
(2012). Geometrical and topological properties of the quasi-plane Szekeres
model and of the plane symmetric dust model are discussed. Some related
comments on the quasi-hyperbolical model are made. These properties include:
(1) The pattern of expansion in the plane symmetric case, and the Newtonian
model that imitates it; (2) The possibility of toroidal topology of the $t =$
const sections in the plane symmetric model; (3) The absence of apparent
horizons in the quasi-plane and quasi-hyperbolic models (they are globally
trapped); (4) Description of the toroidal topology in the Szekeres coordinates;
(5) Interpretation of the mass function in the quasi-plane model.


title:
Analytical Equations to the Chromaticity Cone: Algebraic Methods for
  Describing Color

abstract:
  We describe an affine transformation on the (CIE) color matching functions
and map the spectral locus as a circle. We then homogenize the right circular
cylinder erected by the circle, with respect to a normalizing plane and develop
an analytical equation to the chromaticity cone, for the spectral colors. In
the interior of the (CIE) chromaticity diagram, by homogenizing elliptic
cylinders with respect to the normalizing planes, analytical equations to
subsets (also cones) of the chromaticity cone are developed. These equations
provide an algebraic method for describing color perception. As an application
of the interior chromaticity cones, we demonstrate that by sectioning
homogenized cones with planes and projecting, analytical equations to the
Macadam ellipses may be derived. Further, the cone equations are used to
propose new types of color order systems.


title:
Differences between mean-field dynamics and N-particle quantum dynamics
  as a signature of entanglement

abstract:
  A Bose-Einstein condensate in a tilted double-well potential under the
influence of time-periodic potential differences is investigated in the regime
where the mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) dynamics become chaotic. For some
parameters near stable regions, even averaging over several condensate
oscillations does not remove the differences between mean-field and N-particle
results. While introducing decoherence via piecewise deterministic processes
reduces those differences, they are due to the emergence of mesoscopic
entangled states in the chaotic regime.


title: Inferring coupling strength from event-related dynamics

abstract:
  We propose an approach for inferring strength of coupling between two systems
from their transient dynamics. This is of vital importance in cases where most
information is carried by the transients, for instance in evoked potentials
measured commonly in electrophysiology. We show viability of our approach using
nonlinear and linear measures of synchronization on a population model of
thalamocortical loop and on a system of two coupled Roessler-type oscillators
in non-chaotic regime.


title:
The role of interface transparency and spin-dependent scattering in
  diffusive ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures

abstract:
  We present a numerical study of the density of states in a
ferromagnet/superconductor junction and the Josephson current in a
superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction in the diffusive limit by
solving the Usadel equation with Nazarov's boundary conditions. Our
calculations are valid for an arbitrary interface transparency and arbitrary
spin-dependent scattering rate, which allows us to explore the entire
proximity-effect regime. We first investigate how the proximity-induced
anomalous Green's function affects the density of states in the ferromagnet for
several values of the exchange field. In each case, we consider the effect of
the barrier transparency and allow for various concentrations of magnetic
impurities. In particular, we address how the zero-energy peak and minigap
observed in experiments may be understood in terms of the interplay between the
singlet and triplet anomalous Green's function and their dependence on the
concentration of magnetic impurities. We also investigate the role of the
barrier transparency and spin-flip scattering in a
superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction. We suggest that such
diffusive Josephson junctions with large residual values of the supercurrent at
the 0-$\pi$ transition, where the first harmonic term in the current vanishes,
may be used as efficient supercurrent-switching devices. It is also found that
uniaxial spin-flip scattering has very different effect on the 0-$\pi$
transition points depending on whether one regards the width- or
temperature-dependence of the current.


title: Zeros of p-adic forms

abstract:
  A variant of Brauer's induction method is developed. It is shown that quartic
p-adic forms with at least 9127 variables have non-trivial zeros, for every p.
For odd p considerably fewer variables are needed. There are also subsidiary
new results concerning quintic forms, and systems of forms.


title:
Dark matter in supersymmetric models with axino LSP in Randall-Sundrum
  II brane model

abstract:
  The axino dark matter hypothesis in RSII brane model is studied. Within the
framework of CMSSM we assume that the lightest neutralino or stau is the NLSP,
and that the axino production has a single contribution from the NLSP decay. It
is found that the axino can play the role of dark matter in the universe and we
determine what the axino mass should be for different values of the
five-dimensional Planck mass. An upper bound is obtained for the latter


title:
Controlled vaporization of the superconducting condensate in cuprate
  superconductors sheds light on the pairing boson

abstract:
  We use ultrashort intense laser pulses to study superconducting state
vaporization dynamics in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (x=0.1 and 0.15) on the femtosecond
timescale. We find that the energy density required to vaporize the
superconducting state is 2+- 0.8 K/Cu and 2.6 +- 1 K/Cu for x=0.1 and 0.15
respectively. This is significantly greater than the condensation energy
density, indicating that the quasiparticles share a large amount of energy with
the boson glue bath on this timescale. Considering in detail both spin and
lattice energy relaxation pathways which take place on the relevant timescale
of picoseconds, we rule out purely spin-mediated pair-breaking in favor of
phonon-mediated mechanisms, effectively ruling out spin-mediated pairing in
cuprates as a consequence.


title: A deep INTEGRAL hard X-ray survey of the 3C 273/Coma region

abstract:
  (abridged) We present an analysis of the deepest hard X-ray survey to date of
about 2500 deg^2 performed by the IBIS instrument on board INTEGRAL in the
20-60 keV band, with a total exposure time of 4 Ms. We find 34 candidate
sources. The ratio of Seyfert 1 to Seyfert 2 is significantly more than the
ratio found in the optical, which may be evidence for a receding torus, but
could also be due to absorption columns > 10^{25} cm^{-2}. None of the
predicted Compton-thick objects is detected unambiguously; when taking lower
limits on Nh into account, the fraction of these objects is found to be lower
than 24%. We do not see, but cannot exclude, a relationship between absorption
and luminosity similar to what is seen in the 2-10 keV band. Our data suggests
the possibility of a lack of objects with 10^{21} < Nh < 10^{22} cm^{-2}, as
expected if absorption originates either in a torus-like structure or in the
host galaxy. We find that the Log N-Log S diagram of our sources is compatible
with those obtained in other surveys in hard X-rays. Compared to models of the
AGN population selected in the 2-10 keV band, the Log N-Log S diagram is
generally in good agreement, but the Nh distribution is significantly
different, with significantly less unabsorbed sources (Nh<10^{22} cm^{-2}) at a
given flux limit compared to the models. We resolve here about 2.5% of the
cosmic X-ray background. We also study the local hard X-ray luminosity
function, which is compatible with what is found in other recent hard X-ray
surveys. The characteristic luminosity Log L*_{20-60 keV}=43.66 is found to be
a factor about 5 lower than the value observed in the 2-10 keV band. We find a
space density of 10^{-3} AGN with L>10^{41} per Mpc^3 and a corresponding
luminosity density of 0.9 10^{39} erg s^{-1} Mpc^{-3}.


title:
Are conductance plateaus independent events in atomic point contact
  measurements ? A statistical approach

abstract:
  Room temperature conductance-elongation curves of gold atomic wires are
measured using a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope Break Junction technique.
Landauer's conductance plateaus are individually identified and statistically
analysed. Both the probabilities to observe, and the lengths of the two last
plateaus (at conductance values close to 2e2/h and 4e2/h) are studied. All
results converge to show that the occurrence of these two conductance plateaus
on a conductance-elongation curve are statistically independent events.


title: Delocalization induced by nonlinearity in systems with disorder

abstract:
  We study numerically the effects of nonlinearity on the Anderson localization
in lattices with disorder in one and two dimensions. The obtained results show
that at moderate strength of nonlinearity an unlimited spreading over the
lattice in time takes place with an algebraic growth of number of populated
sites $\Delta n \propto t^{\nu}$. The numerical values of $\nu$ are found to be
approximately $0.15 - 0.2$ and 0.25 for the dimension $d=1$ and 2 respectively
being in a satisfactory agreement with the theoretical value $d/(3d+2)$. The
localization is preserved below a certain critical value of nonlinearity. We
also discuss the properties of the fidelity decay induced by a perturbation of
nonlinear field.


title:
Probability distribution of returns in the exponential
  Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model

abstract:
  We analyze the problem of the analytical characterization of the probability
distribution of financial returns in the exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
with stochastic volatility. In this model the prices are driven by a Geometric
Brownian motion, whose diffusion coefficient is expressed through an
exponential function of an hidden variable Y governed by a mean-reverting
process. We derive closed-form expressions for the probability distribution and
its characteristic function in two limit cases. In the first one the
fluctuations of Y are larger than the volatility normal level, while the second
one corresponds to the assumption of a small stationary value for the variance
of Y. Theoretical results are tested numerically by intensive use of Monte
Carlo simulations. The effectiveness of the analytical predictions is checked
via a careful analysis of the parameters involved in the numerical
implementation of the Euler-Maruyama scheme and is tested on a data set of
financial indexes. In particular, we discuss results for the German DAX30 and
Dow Jones Euro Stoxx 50, finding a good agreement between the empirical data
and the theoretical description.

categories: q-fin.CP cond-mat.stat-mech physics.soc-ph q-fin.PR


title: Climate modification directed by control theory

abstract:
  Climate modification measures to counteract global warming receive some more
new attentions in these years. Most current researches only discuss the impact
of these measures to climate, but how to design such a climate regulator is
still unknown. This paper shows the control theory could give the systematic
direction for climate modification. But the control analyzing also reveals that
climate modifications should only be regarded as a last-ditch measure.


title: Crossover in the local density of states of mesoscopic SNS junctions

abstract:
  Andreev levels deplete energy states above the superconductive gap, which
leads to the peculiar nonmonotonous crossover in the local density of states of
mesoscopic superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor junctions. This effect is
especially pronounced in the case when the normal metal bridge length is small
compared to the superconductive coherence length. Remarkable property of the
crossover function is that it vanishes not only at the proximity induced gap
but also at the superconductive gap. Analytical expressions for the density of
states at the both gap edges, as well as general structure of the crossover are
discussed.


title: "So what will you do if string theory is wrong?"

abstract:
  I briefly discuss the accomplishments of string theory that would survive a
complete falsification of the theory as a model of nature and argue the
possibility that such a survival may necessarily mean that string theory would
become its own discipline, independently of both physics and mathematics.


title: Steady periodic water waves under nonlinear elastic membranes

abstract:
  This is a study of two-dimensional steady periodic travelling waves on the
surface of an infinitely deep irrotational ocean, when the top streamline is in
contact with a membrane which has a nonlinear response to stretching and
bending, and the pressure in the air above is constant. It is not supposed that
the waves have small amplitude. The problem of existence of such waves is
addressed using methods from the calculus of variations. The analysis involves
the Hilbert transform and a Riemann-Hilbert formulation.


title: Ideals generated by submaximal minors

abstract:
  The goal of this paper is to study irreducible families W(b;a) of codimension
4, arithmetically Gorenstein schemes X of P^n defined by the submaximal minors
of a t x t matrix A with entries homogeneous forms of degree a_j-b_i. Under
some numerical assumption on a_j and b_i we prove that the closure of W(b;a) is
an irreducible component of Hilb^{p(x)}(P^n), we show that Hilb^{p(x)}(P^n) is
generically smooth along W(b;a) and we compute the dimension of W(b;a) in terms
of a_j and b_i. To achieve these results we first prove that X is determined by
a regular section of the twisted conormal sheaf I_Y/I^2_Y(s) where
s=deg(det(A)) and Y is a codimension 2, arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay scheme of
P^n defined by the maximal minors of the matrix obtained deleting a suitable
row of A.


title: Quintessence reconstruction of the new agegraphic dark energy model

abstract:
  In this paper we implement the new agegraphic dark energy model with
quintessence field. We demonstrate that the new agegraphic evolution of the
universe can be described completely by a single quintessence field. Its
potential as a function of the quintessence field is reconstructed numerically.
In particular, the analytical solution of the new agegraphic quintessence dark
energy model (NAQDE) is approximately obtained in the matter-dominated epoch.
Furthermore, we investigate the evolution of the NAQDE model in the
$\omega-\omega'$ phase plane. It turns out that by quantum corrections, the
trajectory of this model lies outside the thawing and freezing regions at early
times. But at late times, it enters the freezing regions and gradually
approaches to a static cosmological constant state in the future. Therefore the
NAQDE should belong to the freezing model at late times. For comparison, we
further extend this model by including the interaction between the NADE and DM
and discuss its evolution in the $\omega-\omega'$ phase plane.


title:
Current Problems of Magnetic Storm Prediction and Possible Ways of Their
  Solving

abstract:
  Main problems of magnetic storm prediction and causes of low efficiency of
medium-term prognosis are discussed. It is supposed, that possible way of their
solving is searching for poor-investigated features of solar wind (for
instance, solar wind density behavior before storms). The necessity of
investigation not only severe storms and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), but
origin of moderate and weak storms is shown. Examples of successful
investigations in this direction are given.


title:
Decoherence and entropy of primordial fluctuations. I: Formalism and
  interpretation

abstract:
  We propose an operational definition of the entropy of cosmological
perturbations based on a truncation of the hierarchy of Green functions. The
value of the entropy is unambiguous despite gauge invariance and the
renormalization procedure. At the first level of truncation, the reduced
density matrices are Gaussian and the entropy is the only intrinsic quantity.
In this case, the quantum-to-classical transition concerns the entanglement of
modes of opposite wave-vectors, and the threshold of classicality is that of
separability. The relations to other criteria of classicality are established.
We explain why, during inflation, most of these criteria are not intrinsic. We
complete our analysis by showing that all reduced density matrices can be
written as statistical mixtures of minimal states, the squeezed properties of
which are less constrained as the entropy increases. Pointer states therefore
appear not to be relevant to the discussion. The entropy is calculated for
various models in paper II.


title: A latitude-dependent wind model for Mira's cometary head

abstract:
  We present a 3D numerical simulation of the recently discovered cometary
structure produced as Mira travels through the galactic ISM. In our simulation,
we consider that Mira ejects a steady, latitude-dependent wind, which interacts
with a homogeneous, streaming environment. The axisymmetry of the problem is
broken by the lack of alignment between the direction of the relative motion of
the environment and the polar axis of the latitude-dependent wind. With this
model, we are able to produce a cometary head with a ``double bow shock'' which
agrees well with the structure of the head of Mira's comet. We therefore
conclude that a time-dependence in the ejected wind is not required for
reproducing the observed double bow shock.


title: Local time steps for a finite volume scheme

abstract:
  We present a strategy for solving time-dependent problems on grids with local
refinements in time using different time steps in different regions of space.
We discuss and analyze two conservative approximations based on finite volume
with piecewise constant projections and domain decomposition techniques. Next
we present an iterative method for solving the composite-grid system that
reduces to solution of standard problems with standard time stepping on the
coarse and fine grids. At every step of the algorithm, conservativity is
ensured. Finally, numerical results illustrate the accuracy of the proposed
methods.


title: Ideal clones: Solution to a problem of Czedli and Heindorf

abstract:
  Given an infinite set X and an ideal I of subsets of X, the set of all
finitary operations on X which map all (powers of) I-small sets to I-small sets
is a clone. In a 2001 article, G. Czedli and L. Heindorf asked whether or not
for two particular ideals I and J on a countably infinite set X, the
corresponding ideal clones were a covering in the lattice of clones. We give an
affirmative answer to this question.


title: $D^+ \to K^- \p^+ \p^+ $: the low-energy sector

abstract:
  An effective $SU(3)\times SU(3)$ chiral lagrangian, which includes scalar
resonances, is used to describe the process $D^+ \rar K^- \p^+ \p^+$ at
low-energies. Our main result is a set of five $S$-wave amplitudes, suited to
be used in analyses of production data.


title: Magneto-transmission as a probe of Dirac fermions in bulk graphite

abstract:
  Far infrared magneto-transmission spectroscopy has been used to probe
"relativistic" fermions in highly oriented pyrolytic and natural graphite.
Nearly identical transmission spectra of those two materials are obtained,
giving the signature of Dirac fermions via absorption lines with an energy that
scales as \sqrt{B}. The Fermi velocity is evaluated to be c*=1.02x10^6 m/s and
the pseudogap at the H point is estimated to be below 10 meV.


title:
A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and
  general properties

abstract:
  We have constructed a grid of about 10,000 spherically symmetric and
plane-parallel models with the MARCS program, and make it available for public
use. Parameter ranges are: Teff=2500 to 8000 K, log g =log(GM/R2)= -1 to 5
(cgs) with various masses and radii, [Me/H]=-5 to +1, with [Alpha/Fe] = 0.0 and
0.4 and different choices of C and N abundances to also represent stars of
types R, S and N, and with microturbulence parameters from 1 to 5 km/s. We also
list fluxes in approximately 108,000 wavelength points. Underlying assumptions
in addition to 1D stratification include hydrostatic equilibrium, MLT
convection and LTE. A number of general properties of the models are discussed,
in relation to the effects of changing blanketing and sphericity.
  Models are compared with other available grids and excellent agreement is
found with plane-parallel models of Castelli and Kurucz within the overlapping
parameter range. Although there are departures from the spherically symmetric
NextGen models, the agreement with more recent PHOENIX models is gratifying.
The models of the grid show regularities, but some interesting departures from
general patterns occur for the coolest models due to the molecular opacities.
We have tested rules of thumb concerning effects of blanketing and sphericity
and found them to often be astonishingly accurate. Some interesting new
phenomena have been discovered, such as the intricate coupling between
blanketing and sphericity, and the strong effects of carbon enhancement on
metal-poor models. We give further details of models and comparisons with
observations in subsequent papers.


title:
LanHEP - a package for the automatic generation of Feynman rules in
  field theory. Version 3.0

abstract:
  The LanHEP program version 3.0 for Feynman rules generation from the
Lagrangian is described. It reads the Lagrangian written in a compact form,
close to the one used in publications. It means that Lagrangian terms can be
written with summation over indices of broken symmetries and using special
symbols for complicated expressions, such as covariant derivative and strength
tensor for gauge fields. Supersymmetric theories can be described using the
superpotential formalism and the 2-component fermion notation. The output is
Feynman rules in terms of physical fields and independent parameters in the
form of CompHEP model files, which allows one to start calculations of
processes in the new physical model. Alternatively, Feynman rules can be
generated in FeynArts format or as LaTeX table. One-loop counterterms can be
generated in FeynArts format.


title: A martingale approach to minimal surfaces

abstract:
  We provide a probabilistic approach to studying minimal surfaces in
three-dimensional Euclidean space. Following a discussion of the basic
relationship between Brownian motion on a surface and minimality of the
surface, we introduce a way of coupling Brownian motions on two minimal
surfaces. This coupling is then used to study two classes of results in the
theory of minimal surfaces, maximum principle-type results, such as weak and
strong halfspace theorems and the maximum principle at infinity, and Liouville
theorems.


title:
Intermittence and nonlinear parabolic stochastic partial differential
  equations

abstract:
  We consider nonlinear parabolic SPDEs of the form $\partial_t u=\sL u +
\sigma(u)\dot w$, where $\dot w$ denotes space-time white noise,
$\sigma:\R\to\R$ is [globally] Lipschitz continuous, and $\sL$ is the
$L^2$-generator of a L\'evy process. We present precise criteria for existence
as well as uniqueness of solutions. More significantly, we prove that these
solutions grow in time with at most a precise exponential rate. We establish
also that when $\sigma$ is globally Lipschitz and asymptotically sublinear, the
solution to the nonlinear heat equation is ``weakly intermittent,'' provided
that the symmetrization of $\sL$ is recurrent and the initial data is
sufficiently large.
  Among other things, our results lead to general formulas for the upper
second-moment Liapounov exponent of the parabolic Anderson model for $\sL$ in
dimension $(1+1)$. When $\sL=\kappa\partial_{xx}$ for $\kappa>0$, these
formulas agree with the earlier results of statistical physics
\cite{Kardar,KrugSpohn,LL63}, and also probability theory \cite{BC,CM94} in the
two exactly-solvable cases where $u_0=\delta_0$ and $u_0\equiv 1$.


title:
Scalar-vector Lagrangian without nonlinear self-interactions of bosonic
  fields in the relativistic mean-field theory

abstract:
  A new Lagrangian model without nonlinear scalar self-interactions in the
relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory is proposed. Introducing terms for
scalar-vector interactions (SVI), we have developed a RMF Lagrangian model for
finite nuclei and nuclear matter. It is shown that by inclusion of SVI in the
basic RMF Lagrangian, the nonlinear sigma^3 and sigma^4 terms can be dispensed
with. The SVI Lagrangian thus obtained provides a good description of
ground-state properties of nuclei along the stability line as well as far away
from it. This Lagrangian model is also able to describe experimental data on
the breathing-mode giant monopole resonance energies well.


title:
Diagnostics of inhomogeneous stellar jets: Convolution effects and data
  reconstruction

abstract:
  CONTEXT: In the interpretation of stellar jet observations, the physical
parameters are usually determined from emission line ratios, obtained from
spectroscopic observations or using the information contained in narrow band
images. The basic hypothesis in the interpretation of the observations is that
the emitting region is homogeneous along the line of sight. Actually, stellar
jets are in general not homogeneous, and therefore line of sight convolution
effects may lead to the main uncertainty in the determination of the physical
parameters.
  AIMS: This paper is aimed at showing the systematic errors introduced when
assuming an homogeneous medium, and studying the effect of an inhomogeneous
medium on plasma diagnostics for the case of a stellar jet. In addition, we
explore how to reconstruct the volumetric physical parameters of the jet (i.
e., with dependence both across and along the line of sight).
  METHODS: We use standard techniques to determine the physical parameters, i.
e., the electron density, temperature and hydrogen ionisation fraction across
the jet, and a multi-Gaussian method to invert the Abel transform and determine
the reconstructed physical structure.
  RESULTS: When assuming an homogeneous medium the physical parameters,
integrated along the line of sight, do not represent the average of the true
values, and do not have a clear physical interpretation. We show that when some
information is available on the emissivity profile across the jet, it is then
possible to obtain appropriate derivations of the electron density, temperature
and ionisation fraction.


title:
An Approach to Learning Research with a Wireless Sensor Network in an
  Outdoor Setting

abstract:
  Automated collection of environmental data may be accomplished with wireless
sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a general discussion of WSNs is given
for the gathering of data for educational research. WSNs have the capability to
enhance the scope of a researcher to include multiple streams of data:
environmental, location, cyberdata, video, and RFID. The location of data
stored in a database can allow reconstruction of the learning activity for the
evaluation of significance at a later time. A brief overview of the technology
forms the basis of an exploration of a setting used for outdoor learning.


title: Non-Markovian dynamics for bipartite systems

abstract:
  We analyze the appearance of non-Markovian effects in the dynamics of a
bipartite system coupled to a reservoir, which can be described within a class
of non-Markovian equations given by a generalized Lindblad structure. A novel
master equation, which we term quantum Bloch-Boltzmann equation, is derived,
describing both motional and internal states of a test particle in a quantum
framework. When due to the preparation of the system or to decoherence effects
one of the two degrees of freedom is amenable to a classical treatment and not
resolved in the final measurement, though relevant for the interaction with the
reservoir, non-Markovian behaviors such as stretched exponential or power law
decay of coherences can be put into evidence.


title: The Classification Theorem for Compact Surfaces And A Detour On Fractals

abstract:
  The purpose of these notes is to present a fairly complete proof of the
classification Theorem for compact surfaces. Other presentations are often
quite informal (see the references in Chapter V) and we have tried to be more
rigorous. Our main source of inspiration is the beautiful book on Riemann
Surfaces by Ahlfors and Sario. However, Ahlfors and Sario's presentation is
very formal and quite compact. As a result, uninitiated readers will probably
have a hard time reading this book.
  Our goal is to help the reader reach the top of the mountain and help him not
to get lost or discouraged too early. This is not an easy task!
  We provide quite a bit of topological background material and the basic facts
of algebraic topology needed for understanding how the proof goes, with more
than an impressionistic feeling. We hope that these notes will be helpful to
readers interested in geometry, and who still believe in the rewards of serious
hiking!


title: New congruences for central binomial coefficients

abstract:
  Let p be a prime and let a be a positive integer. In this paper we determine
$\sum_{k=0}^{p^a-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/m^k$ and
$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\binom{2k}{k+d}/(km^{k-1})$ modulo $p$ for all d=0,...,p^a,
where m is any integer not divisible by p. For example, we show that if
$p\not=2,5$ then
$$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}(-1)^k\frac{\binom{2k}k}k=-5\frac{F_{p-(\frac p5)}}p (mod
p),$$ where F_n is the n-th Fibonacci number and (-) is the Jacobi symbol. We
also prove that if p>3 then $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k}k={8/9}
p^2B_{p-3} (mod p^3),$$ where B_n denotes the n-th Bernoulli number.


title: Fivebrane Structures

abstract:
  We study the cohomological physics of fivebranes in type II and heterotic
string theory. We give an interpretation of the one-loop term in type IIA,
which involves the first and second Pontrjagin classes of spacetime, in terms
of obstructions to having bundles with certain structure groups. Using a
generalization of the Green-Schwarz anomaly cancelation in heterotic string
theory which demands the target space to have a String structure, we observe
that the "magnetic dual" version of the anomaly cancelation condition can be
read as a higher analog of String structure, which we call Fivebrane structure.
This involves lifts of orthogonal and unitary structures through higher
connected covers which are not just 3- but even 7-connected. We discuss the
topological obstructions to the existence of Fivebrane structures. The dual
version of the anomaly cancelation points to a relation of String and Fivebrane
structures under electric-magnetic duality.


title:
On-chip Integration of High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
  Spectroscopy and Hall-Effect Magnetometry

abstract:
  A sensor that integrates high sensitivity micro-Hall effect magnetometry and
high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capabilities on a
single semiconductor chip is presented. The Hall-effect magnetometer was
fabricated from a two dimensional electron gas GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure in
the form of a cross, with a 50x50 um2 sensing area. A high-frequency microstrip
resonator is coupled with two small gaps to a transmission line with a 50 Ohms
impedance. Different resonator lengths are used to obtain quasi-TEM fundamental
resonant modes in the frequency range 10-30 GHz. The resonator is positioned on
top of the active area of the Hall-effect magnetometer, where the magnetic
field of the fundamental mode is largest, thus optimizing the conversion of
microwave power into magnetic field at the sample position. The two gaps
coupling the resonator and transmission lines are engineered differently. The
gap to the microwave source is designed to optimize the loaded quality factor
of the resonator (Q = 150) while the gap for the transmitted signal is larger.
This latter gap minimizes losses and prevents distortion of the resonance while
enabling measurement of the transmitted signal. The large filling factor of the
resonator permits sensitivities comparable to that of high-quality factor
resonant cavities. The integrated sensor enables measurement of the
magnetization response of micron scale samples upon application of microwave
fields. In particular, the combined measurement of the magnetization change and
the microwave power under cw microwave irradiation of single crystal of
molecular magnets is used to determine of the energy relaxation time of the
molecular spin states. In addition, real time measurements of the magnetization
dynamics upon application of fast microwave pulses are demonstrated


title:
Kondo proximity effect: How does a metal penetrate into a Mott
  insulator?

abstract:
  We consider a heterostructure of a metal and a paramagnetic Mott insulator
using an adaptation of dynamical mean field theory to describe inhomogeneous
systems. The metal can penetrate into the insulator via the Kondo effect. We
investigate the scaling properties of the metal-insulator interface close to
the critical point of the Mott insulator. At criticality, the quasiparticle
weight decays as 1/x^2 with distance x from the metal within our mean field
theory. Our numerical results (using the numerical renormalization group as an
impurity solver) show that the prefactor of this power law is extremely small.


title: UrQMD-2.3 - Changes and Comparisons

abstract:
  The new version of the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model
(UrQMD-2.3) is presented. The Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics
model (UrQMD) is a microscopic many body approach to pp, pA and AA interactions
at relativistic energies. The major updates and changes are explained and a
comparison to the previous version (UrQMD-1.3p1) in the context of the
available data is performed. The plots and numerical data tables for hadron
(i.e. $\pi$, K, p, $\bar{p}$, $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $\Xi$, $\bar{\Xi}$,
$\Omega$, $\bar{\Omega}$) multiplicities, and mean transverse mass momenta,
$<m_T > -m_0$ excitation functions, transverse mass spectra and rapidity
distributions in pp and central Au+Au/Pb+Pb reactions from $E_{\rm lab}=2A $GeV
to $\sqrt{s}_{\rm NN}=200$ GeV are provided in this paper. The source code of
UrQMD-2.3 is available at http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~urqmd


title: Higher order gravity theories and their black hole solutions

abstract:
  We discuss a particular higher order gravity theory, Lovelock theory, that
generalises in higher dimensions, general relativity. After briefly motivating
modifications of gravity, we will introduce the theory in question and we will
argue that it is a unique, mathematically sensible, and physically interesting
extension of general relativity. We will see, by using the formalism of
differential forms, the relation of Lovelock gravity to differential geometry
and topology of even dimensional manifolds. We will then discuss a generic
staticity theorem, which will give us the charged static black hole solutions.
We will examine their asymptotic behavior, analyse their horizon structure and
briefly their thermodynamics. We will then examine the distributional matching
conditions for Lovelock theory. We will see how induced 4 dimensional
Einstein-Hilbert terms result on the brane geometry from the higher order
Lovelock terms. With the junction conditions at hand, we will go back to the
black hole solutions and give applications for braneworlds: perturbations of
codimension 1 braneworlds and the exact solution for braneworld cosmology as
well as the determination of maximally symmetric codimension 2 braneworlds. In
both cases, the staticity theorem evoked beforehand will give us the general
solution for braneworld cosmology in codimension 1 and maximal symmetry warped
branes of codimension 2. We will then end with a discussion of the simplest
Kaluza-Klein reduction of Lovelock theory to a 4 dimensional
vector-scalar-tensor theory which has the unique property of retaining second
order field equations. We will conclude by listing some open problems and
common difficulties.


title:
The origin of short-lived radionuclides and the astrophysical
  environment of solar system formation

abstract:
  Based on early solar system abundances of short-lived radionuclides (SRs),
such as $^{26}$Al (T$_{1/2} = 0.74$ Myr) and $^{60}$Fe (T$_{1/2} = 1.5$ Myr),
it is often asserted that the Sun was born in a large stellar cluster, where a
massive star contaminated the protoplanetary disk with freshly
nucleosynthesized isotopes from its supernova (SN) explosion. To account for
the inferred initial solar system abundances of short-lived radionuclides, this
supernova had to be close ($\sim$ 0.3 pc) to the young ($\leqslant$ 1 Myr)
protoplanetary disk.
  Here we show that massive star evolution timescales are too long, compared to
typical timescales of star formation in embedded clusters, for them to explode
as supernovae within the lifetimes of nearby disks. This is especially true in
an Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC)-type of setting, where the most massive star
will explode as a supernova $\sim$ 5 Myr after the onset of star formation,
when nearby disks will have already suffered substantial photoevaporation
and/or formed large planetesimals.
  We quantify the probability for {\it any} protoplanetary disk to receive SRs
from a nearby supernova at the level observed in the early solar system. Key
constraints on our estimate are: (1) SRs have to be injected into a newly
formed ($\leqslant$ 1 Myr) disk, (2) the disk has to survive UV
photoevaporation, and (3) the protoplanetary disk must be situated in an
enrichment zone permitting SR injection at the solar system level without disk
disruption. The probability of protoplanetary disk contamination by a supernova
ejecta is, in the most favorable case, 3 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$.


title: Backreaction in Closed String Tachyon Condensation

abstract:
  We consider backreaction due to production of massless strings in the
background of a condensing closed string tachyon. Working in the region of weak
tachyon, we find the modified equations of motion for massless strings with
conformal perturbation theory. We solve for the positive and negative frequency
modes and estimate the backreaction on the background dilaton. In large
(supercritical) dimensions, we find that the backreaction can be significant in
a large region of spacetime. We work with the bosonic string, but we expect
these results to carry over into the heterotic case.


title: Solar Convection Simulations using a B-spline method

abstract:
  This report outlines the development of a B-spline--spectral numerical code
for the simulation of convection flows. It allows changing the spatial
resolution in all three coordinates as a function of depth, which is especially
advantageous for simulations of solar convection.


title: A set of exactly solvable Ising models with half-odd-integer spin

abstract:
  We present a set of exactly solvable Ising models, with half-odd-integer
spin-S on a square-type lattice including a quartic interaction term in the
Hamiltonian. The particular properties of the mixed lattice, associated with
mixed half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) and only nearest-neighbour interaction,
allow us to map this system either onto a purely spin-1/2 lattice or onto a
purely spin-S lattice. By imposing the condition that the mixed
half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) lattice must have an exact solution, we found a
set of exact solutions that satisfy the {\it free fermion} condition of the
eight vertex model. The number of solutions for a general half-odd-integer
spin-S is given by $S+1/2$. Therefore we conclude that this transformation is
equivalent to a simple spin transformation which is independent of the
coordination number.


title: Detection of Extended Hot Water in the Outflow from NGC 2071

abstract:
  We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out
toward a ~1 min x 1 min region within the northern lobe of the outflow from NGC
2071 using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of the Spitzer Space Telescope.
These observations covered the 5.2-37 um spectral region and have led to the
detection of a number of ionic, atomic, and molecular lines, including
fine-structure emission of Si+, Fe+, S++, S, the S(0)-S(7) pure rotational
lines of H2, the R(3) and R(4) transitions of HD, and at least 11 transitions
of H2O. In addition, the 6.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.9, 8.6 and 11.3 um PAH emission bands
were also observed and several transitions of OH were tentatively detected.
Most of the detected line transitions were strong enough to map including, for
the first time, three transitions of hot H2O. We find that: (1) the water
emission is extended; (2) the extended emission is aligned with the outflow;
and, (3) the spatial distribution of the water emission generally follows that
observed for H2. Based on the measured line intensities, we derive an HD
abundance relative to H2 of 1.1-1.8 10^-5 and an H2O number density of 12-2
cm^3. The H2 density in the water-emitting region is not well constrained by
our observations, but is likely between 3 10^4 and 10^6 cm^3, yielding an H2O
abundance relative to H2 of between 2 10^-5 and 6 10^-4. Future observations
planned for the Herschel Space Observatory should greatly improve the density
estimate, and thus our knowledge of the H2O abundance, for the water-emitting
regions reported here. Finally, we note a possible departure from the H2O
ortho-to-para ratio of 3:1 expected for water formed in hot post-shocked gas,
suggesting that a significant fraction of the water vapor we detect may arise
from H2O sputtered from cold dust grains.


title: The Plaquette Ground State of the Shastry-Sutherland Model

abstract:
  I use the two-step density-matrix renormalization group method based on
two-leg ladder expansion to show numerical evidence of a plaquette ground state
for $J_2=1.3J_1$ in the Shastry-Sutherland model. I argue that the DMRG method
is very efficient in the strong frustration regime of two-dimensional spin
models where a spin-Peierls ground state is expected to occur. It is thus
complementary to quantum Monte Carlo algorithms, which are known to work well
in the small frustration regime but which are plagued by the sign problem in
the strong frustration regime.


title: Helical Magnetic Fields from Inflation

abstract:
  We analyze the generation of seed magnetic fields during de Sitter inflation
considering a non-invariant conformal term in the electromagnetic Lagrangian of
the form $-\frac14 I(\phi) F_{\mu \nu} \widetilde{F}^{\mu \nu}$, where
$I(\phi)$ is a pseudoscalar function of a non-trivial background field $\phi$.
In particular, we consider a toy model, that could be realized owing to the
coupling between the photon and either a (tachyonic) massive pseudoscalar field
and a massless pseudoscalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity, where $I$
follows a simple power-law behavior $I(k,\eta) = g/(-k\eta)^{\beta}$ during
inflation, while it is negligibly small subsequently. Here, $g$ is a positive
dimensionless constant, $k$ the wavenumber, $\eta$ the conformal time, and
$\beta$ a real positive number. We find that only when $\beta = 1$ and $0.1
\lesssim g \lesssim 2$ astrophysically interesting fields can be produced as
excitation of the vacuum, and that they are maximally helical.


title: Hulls and Husks

abstract:
  The aim of this note is to prove an analog of the flattening decomposition
theorem for reflexive hulls. The main applications are: the construction of the
moduli space of varieties of general type, improved flatness conditions and
criteria for simultaneous normalizations.


title: Infinity-Norm Sphere-Decoding

abstract:
  The most promising approaches for efficient detection in multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems are based on sphere-decoding (SD). The
conventional (and optimum) norm that is used to conduct the tree traversal step
in SD is the l-2 norm. It was, however, recently observed that using the
l-infinity norm instead reduces the hardware complexity of SD considerably at
only a marginal performance loss. These savings result from a reduction in the
length of the critical path in the circuit and the silicon area required for
metric computation, but are also, as observed previously through simulation
results, a consequence of a reduction in the computational (i.e., algorithmic)
complexity. The aim of this paper is an analytical performance and
computational complexity analysis of l-infinity norm SD. For i.i.d. Rayleigh
fading MIMO channels, we show that l-infinity norm SD achieves full diversity
order with an asymptotic SNR gap, compared to l-2 norm SD, that increases at
most linearly in the number of receive antennas. Moreover, we provide a
closed-form expression for the computational complexity of l-infinity norm SD
based on which we establish that its complexity scales exponentially in the
system size. Finally, we characterize the tree pruning behavior of l-infinity
norm SD and show that it behaves fundamentally different from that of l-2 norm
SD.


title:
Can cosmological observations uniquely determine the nature of dark
  energy ?

abstract:
  The observational effect of all minimally coupled scalar field models of dark
energy can be determined by the behavior of the following two parameters : (1)
equation of state parameter $w$, which relates dark energy pressure to its
energy density, and (2) effective speed of sound $c_{e}^{2}$, which relates
dark energy pressure fluctuation to its density fluctuation. In this paper we
show that these two parameters do not uniquely determine the form of a scalar
field dark energy Lagrangian even after taking into account the perturbation in
the scalar field. We present this result by showing that two different forms of
scalar field Lagrangian can lead to the same values for these paired
parameters. It is well known that from the background evolution the Lagrangian
of the scalar field dark energy cannot be uniquely determined. The two models
of dark energy presented in this paper are indistinguishable from the evolution
of background as well as from the evolution of perturbations from a FRW metric.


title:
Inverse Conduction Problem for a Parabolic Equation using a Boundary
  Integral Method

abstract:
  In this paper, a boundary integral method is used to solve an inverse linear
heat conduction problem in two-dimensional bounded domain. An inverse problem
of measuring the heat flux from partial (on part of the boundary) dynamic
boundary measurements is considered. An algorithm is given by using the
fundamental solution.


title:
Compressible Turbulence: Multi-fractal Scaling in the Transition to the
  Dissipative Regime

abstract:
  Multi-fractal scaling in the transition to the dissipative regime for
fully-developed compressible turbulence is considered. The multi-fractal power
law scaling behavior breaks down for very small length scales thanks to viscous
effects. However, the effect of compressibility is found to extend the
single-scaling multi-fractal regime further into the dissipative range. In the
ultimate compressibility limit, thanks to the shock waves which are the
appropriate dissipative structures, the single-scaling regime is found to
extend indeed all the way into the full viscous regime. This result appears to
be consistent with the physical fact that vortices stretch stronger in a
compressible fluid hence postponing viscous intervention. The consequent
generation of enhanced velocity gradients in a compressible fluid appears to
provide an underlying physical basis for the previous results indicating that
fully-developed compressible turbulence is effectively more dissipative than
its incompressible counterpart.


title: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a Compressible Fluid

abstract:
  Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a compressible fluid is reconsidered. The
density is allowed to vary with pressure under the barotropy assumption. For
the case with equal speeds of sound in the two superposed fluids, in order to
give a non-trivial compressibility correction to the Rayleigh-Taylor growth
rate, the compressibility correction is calculated to $O(g^2/k^2a^4)$. To this
order, compressibility effects are found to reduce the growth rate.


title: Cyclic homology of crossed products

abstract:
  We obtain a mixed complex, simpler that the canonical one, given the
Hochschild, cyclic, negative and periodic homology of a crossed product E=A#fH,
where H is an arbitrary Hopf algebra and f is a convolution invertible cocycle
with values in A. Actually, we work in the more general context of relative
cyclic homology. Specifically, we consider a subalgebra K of A which is stable
under the action of H, and we find a mixed complex computing the Hochschild,
cyclic, negative and periodic homology of E relative to K. As an application we
obtain two spectral sequences converging to the cyclic homology of E relative
to K. The first one in the general setting and the second one (which
generalizes those previously found by several authors) when f takes its values
in K.


title: Homotopy of unitaries in simple C*-algebras with tracial rank one

abstract:
  Let $\epsilon>0$ be a positive number. Is there a number $\delta>0$
satisfying the following? Given any pair of unitaries $u$ and $v$ in a unital
simple $C^*$-algebra $A$ with $[v]=0$ in $K_1(A)$ for which $$ \|uv-vu\|<\dt,
$$ there is a continuous path of unitaries $\{v(t): t\in [0,1]\}\subset A$ such
that $$ v(0)=v, v(1)=1 \and \|uv(t)-v(t)u\|<\epsilon \forall t\in [0,1]. $$ An
answer is given to this question when $A$ is assumed to be a unital simple
$C^*$-algebra with tracial rank no more than one.
  Let $C$ be a unital separable amenable simple $C^*$-algebra with tracial rank
no more than one which also satisfies the UCT. Suppose that $\phi: C\to A$ is a
unital monomorphism and suppose that $v\in A$ is a unitary with $[v]=0$ in
$K_1(A)$ such that $v$ almost commutes with $\phi.$ It is shown that there is a
continuous path of unitaries $\{v(t): t\in [0,1]\}$ in $A$ with $v(0)=v$ and
$v(1)=1$ such that the entire path $v(t)$ almost commutes with $\phi,$ provided
that an induced Bott map vanishes. Other versions of the so-called Basic
Homotopy Lemma are also presented.


title: Homological and homotopical higher-order filling functions

abstract:
  We construct groups in which FV^3(n) != \delta^2(n). This construction also
leads to groups G_k, k >= 3 for which \delta^{k}(n) is not subrecursive.


title: Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science, Some Notes

abstract:
  These are notes on discrete mathematics for computer scientists. The
presentation is somewhat unconventional. Indeed I begin with a discussion of
the basic rules of mathematical reasoning and of the notion of proof formalized
in a natural deduction system ``a la Prawitz''. The rest of the material is
more or less traditional but I emphasize partial functions more than usual
(after all, programs may not terminate for all input) and I provide a fairly
complete account of the basic concepts of graph theory.


title: Adiabatic dynamics in open quantum critical many-body systems

abstract:
  The purpose of this work is to understand the effect of an external
environment on the adiabatic dynamics of a quantum critical system. By means of
scaling arguments we derive a general expression for the density of excitations
produced in the quench as a function of its velocity and of the temperature of
the bath. We corroborate the scaling analysis by explicitly solving the case of
a one-dimensional quantum Ising model coupled to an Ohmic bath.


abstract:
  Pressure isotropization of an equilibrating quark-gluon plasma produced in
relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied within the framework of a
multi-phase transport model (AMPT). The time evolution of the bulk properties
of the quark-gluon plasma is found to depend on its expansion dynamics and
hadronization scheme as well as the scattering cross sections among quarks and
gluons. It is further found that the pressure isotropy of the produced
quark-gluon plasma can only be achieved temporarily, indicating that there is
only partial thermalization during the time evolution of the quark-gluon
plasma.


title: Rational and algebraic series in combinatorial enumeration

abstract:
  Let A be a class of objects, equipped with an integer size such that for all
n the number a(n) of objects of size n is finite. We are interested in the case
where the generating fucntion sum_n a(n) t^n is rational, or more generally
algebraic. This property has a practical interest, since one can usually say a
lot on the numbers a(n), but also a combinatorial one: the rational or
algebraic nature of the generating function suggests that the objects have a
(possibly hidden) structure, similar to the linear structure of words in the
rational case, and to the branching structure of trees in the algebraic case.
We describe and illustrate this combinatorial intuition, and discuss its
validity. While it seems to be satisfactory in the rational case, it is
probably incomplete in the algebraic one. We conclude with open questions.


title:
Cascaded Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes for Wireless Multi-Hop Relay
  Networks

abstract:
  Distributed space-time block coding is a diversity technique to mitigate the
effects of fading in multi-hop wireless networks, where multiple relay stages
are used by a source to communicate with its destination. This paper proposes a
new distributed space-time block code called the cascaded orthogonal space-time
block code (COSTBC) for the case where the source and destination are equipped
with multiple antennas and each relay stage has one or more single antenna
relays. Each relay stage is assumed to have receive channel state information
(CSI) for all the channels from the source to itself, while the destination is
assumed to have receive CSI for all the channels. To construct the COSTBC,
multiple orthogonal space-time block codes are used in cascade by the source
and each relay stage. In the COSTBC, each relay stage separates the
constellation symbols of the orthogonal space-time block code sent by the
preceding relay stage using its CSI, and then transmits another orthogonal
space-time block code to the next relay stage. COSTBCs are shown to achieve the
maximum diversity gain in a multi-hop wireless network with flat Rayleigh
fading channels. Several explicit constructions of COSTBCs are also provided
for two-hop wireless networks with two and four source antennas and relay
nodes. It is also shown that COSTBCs require minimum decoding complexity thanks
to the connection to orthogonal space-time block codes.


title:
Absence of superconductivity in the half-filled band Hubbard model on
  the anisotropic triangular lattice

abstract:
  We report exact calculations of magnetic and superconducting pair-pair
correlations for the half-filled band Hubbard model on an anisotropic
triangular lattice. Our results for the magnetic phases are similar to those
obtained with other techniques. The superconducting pair-pair correlations at
distances beyond nearest neighbor decrease monotonically with increasing
Hubbard interaction U for all anisotropy, indicating the absence of
frustration-driven superconductivity within the model.


title: A characterization of Dirac morphisms

abstract:
  Relating the Dirac operators on the total space and on the base manifold of a
horizontally conformal submersion, we characterize Dirac morphisms, i.e. maps
which pull back (local) harmonic spinor fields onto (local) harmonic spinor
fields.


title:
The silencing of neuronal activity by noise and the phenomenon of
  inverse stochastic resonance

abstract:
  Neurons in the central nervous system are affected by complex and noisy
signals due to fluctuations in their cellular environment and in the inputs
they receive from many other cells 1,2. Such noise usually increases the
probability that a neuron will send out a signal to its target cells 2-5. In
stochastic resonance, which occurs in many physical and biological systems, an
optimal response is found at a particular noise amplitude 6-9. We have found
that in a classical neuronal model the opposite can occur - that noise can
subdue or turn off repetitive neuronal activity in both single cells and
networks of cells. Recent experiments on regularly firing neurons with noisy
inputs confirm these predictions 10,11. Surprisingly, we find that in some
cases there is a noise level at which the response is a minimum, a phenomenon
which is called inverse stochastic resonance. Suppression of rhythmic behavior
by noise and inverse stochastic resonance are predicted to occur not only in
neuronal systems but more generally in diverse nonlinear dynamical systems
where a stable limit cycle is attainable from a stable rest state.


title:
z~7-10 Galaxies behind Lensing Clusters: Contrast with Field Search
  Results

abstract:
  We conduct a search for z>~7 dropout galaxies behind 11 massive lensing
clusters using 21 arcmin**2 of deep HST NICMOS, ACS, and WFPC2 image data. In
total, over this entire area, we find only one robust z~7 z-dropout candidate
(previously reported around Abell 1689). Four less robust z-dropout and
J-dropout candidates are also found. The nature of the four weaker candidates
could not be precisely determined due to the limited depth of the available
optical data, but detailed simulations suggest that all four could be
low-redshift interlopers. We compare these numbers with what we might expect
using the z~7 UV luminosity function (LF) determined from field searches. We
predict 2.7 z~7 z-dropouts and 0.3 z~9 J-dropouts over our cluster search area,
in reasonable agreement with our observational results, given the small
numbers. The number of z>~7 candidates we find in the present search are much
lower than has been reported in several previous studies of the prevalence of
z>~7 galaxies behind lensing clusters. To understand these differences, we
examined z>~7 candidates in other studies and conclude that only a small
fraction are likely to be z>~7 galaxies. Our findings support models that show
that gravitational lensing from clusters is of the most value for detecting
galaxies at magnitudes brighter than L* (H<~ 27) where the LF is expected to be
very steep. Use of these clusters to constrain the faint-end slope or determine
the full LF is likely of less value due to the shallower effective slope
measured for the LF at fainter magnitudes, as well as significant uncertainties
introduced from modelling both the gravitational lensing and incompleteness.


title:
Deuterium Abundance in the Most Metal-Poor Damped Lyman alpha System:
  Converging on Omega_baryons

abstract:
  The most metal-poor DLA known to date, at z = 2.61843 in the spectrum of the
QSO Q0913+072, with an oxygen abundance only about 1/250 of the solar value,
shows six well resolved D I Lyman series transitions in high quality echelle
spectra recently obtained with the ESO VLT. We deduce a value of the deuterium
abundance log (D/H) = -4.56+/-0.04 which is in good agreement with four out of
the six most reliable previous determinations of this ratio in QSO absorbers.
We find plausible reasons why in the other two cases the 1 sigma errors may
have been underestimated by about a factor of two. The addition of this latest
data point does not change significantly the mean value of the primordial
abundance of deuterium, suggesting that we are now converging to a reliable
measure of this quantity. We conclude that <log (D/H)_p> = -4.55+/-0.03 and
Omega_b h^2 (BBN) = 0.0213+/-0.0010 (68% confidence limits). Including the
latter as a prior in the analysis of the five year data of WMAP leads to a
revised best-fitting value of the power-law index of primordial fluctuations
n_s = 0.956+/-0.013 (1 sigma) and n_s < 0.990 with 99% confidence. Considering
together the constraints provided by WMAP 5, (D/H)_p, baryon oscillations in
the galaxy distribution, and distances to Type Ia supernovae, we arrive at the
current best estimates Omega_b h^2 = 0.0224+/-0.0005 and n_s = 0.959+/-0.013.


title: Rayleigh scattering by H2 in the extrasolar planet HD209458b

abstract:
  Transiting planets, such as HD209458b, offer a unique opportunity to
scrutinize the planetary atmospheric content. Although molecular hydrogen is
expected to be the main atmospheric constituent, H2 remains uncovered because
of the lack of strong transition from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared. Here
we analyse the absorption spectrum of HD209458b obtained by Sing et al. (2008a)
which provides a measurement of the absorption depth in the 3000-6200 AA
wavelength range. We show that the rise in absorption depth at short
wavelengths can be interpreted as Rayleigh scattering within the atmosphere of
HD209458b. Since Rayleigh scattering traces the entire atmosphere, this
detection enables a direct determination of the pressure-altitude relationship,
which is required to determine the absolute fraction of other elements such as
sodium. At the zero altitude defined by the absorption depth of 1.453%, which
corresponds to a planetary radius of 0.1205 times the stellar radius, we find a
pressure of 33+/-5 mbar. Using the variation of the Rayleigh scattering
cross-section as a function of wavelength, we determine the temperature to be
2200+/-260 K at 33 mbar pressure.


title: The Density Contrast of the Shapley Supercluster

abstract:
  We calculate the density contrast of the Shapley Supercluster (SSC) based on
the enhanced abundance of X-ray clusters in it using the extended
Press-Schechter formalism. We derive a total SSC mass of
M_tot=(4.4+-0.44)x10^{16} M_sun within a sphere of 50 Mpc centered at a
distance of about 160 Mpc. The nonlinear fractional density contrast of the
sphere is (1+delta)=1.76+-0.17 relative to the mean matter density in the
Universe, but the contrast increases in the interior of the SSC. Including the
cosmological constant, the SSC region is found to be gravitationally unbound.
The SSC contributes only a minor portion (9.0%+-2.1%) of the peculiar velocity
of the local group.


title:
Sub-Alfvenic Non-Ideal MHD Turbulence Simulations with Ambipolar
  Diffusion: I. Turbulence Statistics

abstract:
  Most numerical investigations on the role of magnetic fields in turbulent
molecular clouds (MCs) are based on ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). However,
MCs are weakly ionized, so that the time scale required for the magnetic field
to diffuse through the neutral component of the plasma by ambipolar diffusion
(AD) can be comparable to the dynamical time scale. We have performed a series
of 256^3 and 512^3 simulations on supersonic but sub-Alfvenic turbulent systems
with AD using the Heavy-Ion Approximation developed in Li, McKee, & Klein
(2006). Our calculations are based on the assumption that the number of ions is
conserved, but we show that these results approximately apply to the case of
time-dependent ionization in molecular clouds as well. Convergence studies
allow us to determine the optimal value of the ionization mass fraction when
using the heavy-ion approximation for low Mach number, sub-Alfvenic turbulent
systems. We find that ambipolar diffusion steepens the velocity and magnetic
power spectra compared to the ideal MHD case. Changes in the density PDF, total
magnetic energy, and ionization fraction are determined as a function of the AD
Reynolds number. The power spectra for the neutral gas properties of a strongly
magnetized medium with a low AD Reynolds number are similar to those for a
weakly magnetized medium; in particular, the power spectrum of the neutral
velocity is close to that for Burgers turbulence.


title:
Super-Keplerian Frequencies in Accretion Disks. Implications for Mass
  and Spin Measurements of Compact Objects from X-ray Variability Studies

abstract:
  The detection of fast quasi-periodic variability from accreting black holes
and neutron stars has been used to constrain their masses, radii, and spins. If
the observed oscillations are linear modes in the accretion disks, then bounds
can be placed on the properties of the central objects by assuming that these
modes are locally sub-Keplerian. If, on the other hand, the observed
oscillations correspond to non-linear resonances between disk modes, then the
properties of the central objects can be measured by assuming that the resonant
modes are excited at the same radial annulus in the disk. In this paper, we use
numerical simulations of vertically integrated, axisymmetric hydrodynamic
accretion disks to provide examples of situations in which the assumptions
implicit in both methods are not satisfied. We then discuss our results for the
robustness of the mass and spin measurements of compact objects from
variability studies.


title:
Current Star Formation in the Ophiuchus and Perseus Molecular Clouds:
  Constraints and Comparisons from Unbiased Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared
  Surveys. II

abstract:
  We present a census of the population of deeply embedded young stellar
objects (YSOs) in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex based on a combination
of Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data from the "Cores to Disks" (c2d)
legacy team and JCMT/SCUBA submillimeter maps from the COMPLETE team. We have
applied a method developed for identifying embedded protostars in Perseus to
these datasets and in this way construct a relatively unbiased sample of 27
candidate embedded protostars with envelopes more massive than our sensitivity
limit (about 0.1 M_sun). Embedded YSOs are found in 35% of the SCUBA cores -
less than in Perseus (58%). On the other hand the mid-infrared sources in
Ophiuchus have less red mid-infrared colors, possibly indicating that they are
less embedded. We apply a nearest neighbor surface density algorithm to define
the substructure in each of the clouds and calculate characteristic numbers for
each subregion - including masses, star formation efficiencies, fraction of
embedded sources etc. Generally the main clusters in Ophiuchus and Perseus
(L1688, NGC1333 and IC348) are found to have higher star formation efficiencies
than small groups such as B1, L1455 and L1448, which on the other hand are
completely dominated by deeply embedded protostars. We discuss possible
explanations for the differences between the regions in Perseus and Ophiuchus,
such as different evolutionary timescales for the YSOs or differences, e.g., in
the accretion in the two clouds.


title:
The relation between Lyman-alpha absorbers and gas--rich galaxies in the
  local universe

abstract:
  We use high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the spatial
correlation between weak (N(HI) <10^{15} cm^{-2}) Ly-alpha absorbers and
gas-rich galaxies in the local universe. We confirm that Ly-alpha absorbers are
preferentially expected near gas-rich galaxies and that the degree of
correlation increases with the column density of the absorber. The real-space
galaxy auto-correlation is stronger than the cross-correlation (correlation
lengths r_{0,gg}=3.1 \pm 0.1 Mpc/h and r_{0,ag}=1.4 \pm 0.1 Mpc/h,
respectively), in contrast with the recent results of Ryan-Weber (2006, RW06),
and the auto-correlation of absorbers is very weak. These results are robust to
the presence of strong galactic winds in the hydrodynamical simulations. In
redshift-space a further mismatch arises since at small separations the
distortion pattern of the simulated galaxy-absorber cross-correlation function
is different from the one measured by RW06. However, when sampling the
intergalactic medium along a limited number of lines-of-sight, as in the real
data, uncertainties in the cross correlation estimates are large enough to
account for these discrepancies. Our analysis suggests that the statistical
significance of difference between the cross-correlation and auto-correlation
signal in current datasets is ~ 1-sigma only.


title: Descendent bounds for effective divisors on the moduli space of curves

abstract:
  The slope of the moduli space of genus g curves is bounded from below by
60/(g+4) via a descendent calculation.


title: The Dynamics of Chern-Simons Vortices

abstract:
  We study vortex dynamics in three-dimensional theories with Chern-Simons
interactions. The dynamics is governed by motion on the moduli space M in the
presence of a magnetic field. For Abelian vortices, the magnetic field is shown
to be the Ricci form over M; for non-Abelian vortices, it is the first Chern
character of a suitable index bundle. We derive these results by integrating
out massive fermions and following the fate of their zero modes.


title:
Isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections to superallowed Fermi beta decay:
  Formalism and schematic models

abstract:
  We study the formalism to include isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections when
extracting the up-down Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element from
superallowed 0+ -> 0+ nuclear beta decay. We show that there are no first order
isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections to the relevant nuclear matrix elements.
We find corrections to the treatment of Towner and Hardy, and assess these
using schematic models of increasing complexity.


title:
Quantum interferometry using coherent beam stimulated parametric
  down-conversion

abstract:
  We show how stimulated parametric processes can be employed in experiments on
beyond the diffraction limit to overcome the problem of low visibility obtained
by using spontaneous down conversion operating in the high gain regime. We
further show enhancement of the count rate by several orders when stimulated
parametric processes are used. Both the two photon counts and the visibility
can be controlled by the phase of the stimulating coherent beam.


title: Near-infrared polarization images of the Orion proplyds

abstract:
  We performed AO-assisted high-resolution imaging polarimetry on selected
Orion proplyds close to the Trapezium stars in the J, H, and K bands.
Differential polarimetric images of one of the largest and brightest proplyds
are interpreted using 3D radiation transfer simulations based on the Monte
Carlo method. Although not fully resolvable by ground-based observations, the
circumstellar material can be mapped with polarimetry. We present constraints
on the disk parameters of the giant proplyd 177-341. We tested whether dust
models with different grain size distributions could explain the observed
extent of the polarization patterns and find that simple models with larger
grains will not reproduce the spectral polarization behavior. The technique of
polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) in the NIR provides a good opportunity
to study the structure of the Orion proplyds.


title: Fokker-Planck Equation with Fractional Coordinate Derivatives

abstract:
  Using the generalized Kolmogorov-Feller equation with long-range interaction,
we obtain kinetic equations with fractional derivatives with respect to
coordinates. The method of successive approximations with the averaging with
respect to fast variable is used. The main assumption is that the correlator of
probability densities of particles to make a step has a power-law dependence.
As a result, we obtain Fokker-Planck equation with fractional coordinate
derivative of order $1<\alpha<2$.


title: Limit theorems for additive c-free convolution

abstract:
  In this paper we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak
convergence of c-free convolution of pairs of measures, where the measures are
assumed to be infinitesimal and their support may be unbounded. These results
are obtained by complex analytic methods.


title: Analysis of averaged multichannel delay times

abstract:
  The physical significances and the pros and cons involved in the usage of
different time delay formalisms are discussed. The delay time matrix introduced
by Eisenbud, where only s-waves participate in a reaction, is in general
related to the definition of an angular time delay which is shown not to be
equivalent to the so-called phase time delay of Eisenbud and Wigner even for
single channel scattering. Whereas the expression due to Smith which is derived
from a time delayed radial wave packet is consistent with a lifetime matrix
which is Hermitian, this is not true for any Eisenbud-type lifetime matrix
which violates time reversal invariance. Extending the angular time delay of
Nussenzveig to multiple channels, we show that if one performs an average over
the directions and subtracts the forward angle contribution containing an
interference of the incident and scattered waves, the multichannel angle
dependent average time delay reduces to the one given by Smith. The present
work also rectifies a recently misinterpreted misnomer of the relation due to
Smith.


title: Indirect evidence for the Gouy phase for matter waves

abstract:
  We show that the well known geometric phase, the Gouy phase in optics can be
defined for matter waves in vacuum as well. In particular we show that the
underlying physics for the "matter waves" Gouy phase is the generalized
Schroedinger-Robertson uncertainty principle, more specifically, the off
diagonal elements of the covariance matrix. Recent experiments involving the
diffraction of fullerene molecules and the uncertainty principle are shown to
be quantitatively consistent with the existence of a Gouy phase for matter
waves.


title: Hardy inequalities for general elliptic operators with improvements

abstract:
  We obtain optimal generalized versions of Hardy inequalities, which as
special cases contain Hardy's inequality and Hardy's inequality involving the
distance function to the boundary of $ \Omega$. In addition we obtain neccesary
and sufficient conditions to add improvements in the form of non negative
potentials.


title:
Transformation methods for evaluating approximations to the optimal
  exercise boundary for linear and nonlinear Black-Scholes equations

abstract:
  The purpose of this survey chapter is to present a transformation technique
that can be used in analysis and numerical computation of the early exercise
boundary for an American style of vanilla options that can be modelled by class
of generalized Black-Scholes equations. We analyze qualitatively and
quantitatively the early exercise boundary for a linear as well as a class of
nonlinear Black-Scholes equations with a volatility coefficient which can be a
nonlinear function of the second derivative of the option price itself. A
motivation for studying the nonlinear Black-Scholes equation with a nonlinear
volatility arises from option pricing models taking into account e.g.
nontrivial transaction costs, investor's preferences, feedback and illiquid
markets effects and risk from a volatile (unprotected) portfolio. We present a
method how to transform the free boundary problem for the early exercise
boundary position into a solution of a time depending nonlinear nonlocal
parabolic equation defined on a fixed domain. We furthermore propose an
iterative numerical scheme that can be used in order to find an approximation
of the free boundary. In the case of a linear Black-Scholes equation we are
able to derive a nonlinear integral equation for the position of the free
boundary. We present results of numerical approximation of the early exercise
boundary for various types of linear and nonlinear Black-Scholes equations and
we discuss dependence of the free boundary on model parameters. Finally, we
discuss an application of the transformation method for the pricing equation
for American type of Asian options.


title: Upper bounds for alpha-domination parameters

abstract:
  In this paper, we provide a new upper bound for the alpha-domination number.
This result generalises the well-known Caro-Roditty bound for the domination
number of a graph. The same probabilistic construction is used to generalise
another well-known upper bound for the classical domination in graphs. We also
prove similar upper bounds for the alpha-rate domination number, which combines
the concepts of alpha-domination and k-tuple domination.


title: Standard Model and SU(5) GUT with Local Scale Invariance and the Weylon

abstract:
  Weyl's scale invariance is introduced as an additional local symmetry in the
standard model of electroweak interactions. An inevitable consequence is the
introduction of general relativity coupled to scalar fields a la Dirac and an
additional vector particle we call the Weylon. Once Weyl's scale invariance is
broken, the phenomenon (a) generates Newton's gravitational constant G_N and
(b) triggers the conventional spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism that
results in masses for all the fermions and bosons. The scale at which Weyl's
scale symmetry breaks is of order Planck mass. If right-handed neutrinos are
also introduced, their absence at present energy scales is attributed to their
mass which is tied to the scale where scale invariance breaks. Some
implications of these ideas are noted in grand unification based on the gauge
symmetry SU(5).


title:
Pressure Effects on the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Aligned Small
  Diameter Carbon Nanotubes

abstract:
  Density functional methods have been used to calculate the electronic
properties of aligned smalldiameter single-walled carbon nanotubes under
hydrostatic pressures. Abrupt pressure induced semiconductor-metal and
metal-semiconductor transitions concomitant with changes in structure are
observed. Novel and unexpected unit cell nanotube cross-sections are found.
These tubes are observed to form interlinking structures at very high
pressures. The large changes in electronic structure and the ability of
different small diameter nanotubes to respond in different pressure regimes
suggest their use in high pressure multiple switching devices.


title: On Expanded Cyclic Codes

abstract:
  The paper has a threefold purpose. The first purpose is to present an
explicit description of expanded cyclic codes defined in $\GF(q^m)$. The
proposed explicit construction of expanded generator matrix and expanded parity
check matrix maintains the symbol-wise algebraic structure and thus keeps many
important original characteristics. The second purpose of this paper is to
identify a class of constant-weight cyclic codes. Specifically, we show that a
well-known class of $q$-ary BCH codes excluding the all-zero codeword are
constant-weight cyclic codes. Moreover, we show this class of codes achieve the
Plotkin bound. The last purpose of the paper is to characterize expanded cyclic
codes utilizing the proposed expanded generator matrix and parity check matrix.
We characterize the properties of component codewords of a codeword and
particularly identify the precise conditions under which a codeword can be
represented by a subbasis. Our developments reveal an alternative while more
general view on the subspace subcodes of Reed-Solomon codes. With the new
insights, we present an improved lower bound on the minimum distance of an
expanded cyclic code by exploiting the generalized concatenated structure. We
also show that the fixed-rate binary expanded Reed-Solomon codes are
asymptotically "bad", in the sense that the ratio of minimum distance over code
length diminishes with code length going to infinity. It overturns the
prevalent conjecture that they are "good" codes and deviates from the ensemble
of generalized Reed-Solomon codes which asymptotically achieves the
Gilbert-Varshamov bound.


title:
Photovoltage Dynamics of the Hydroxylated Si(111) Surface Investigated
  by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction

abstract:
  We present a novel method to measure transient photovoltage at nanointerfaces
using ultrafast electron diffraction. In particular, we report our results on
the photoinduced electronic excitations and their ensuing relaxations in a
hydroxyl-terminated silicon surface, a standard substrate for fabricating
molecular electronics interfaces. The transient surface voltage is determined
by observing Coulomb refraction changes induced by the modified space-charge
barrier within a selectively probed volume by femtosecond electron pulses. The
results are in agreement with ultrafast photoemission studies of surface state
charging, suggesting a charge relaxation mechanism closely coupled to the
carrier dynamics near the surface that can be described by a drift-diffusion
model. This study demonstrates a newly implemented ultrafast diffraction method
for investigating interfacial processes, with both charge and structure
resolution.


title: Functional moderate deviations for triangular arrays and applications

abstract:
  Motivated by the study of dependent random variables by coupling with
independent blocks of variables, we obtain first sufficient conditions for the
moderate deviation principle in its functional form for triangular arrays of
independent random variables. Under some regularity assumptions our conditions
are also necessary in the stationary case. The results are then applied to
derive moderate deviation principles for linear processes, kernel estimators of
a density and some classes of dependent random variables.


title: Risk Aversion and Portfolio Selection in a Continuous-Time Model

abstract:
  The comparative statics of the optimal portfolios across individuals is
carried out for a continuous-time complete market model, where the risky assets
price process follows a joint geometric Brownian motion with time-dependent and
deterministic coefficients. It turns out that the indirect utility functions
inherit the order of risk aversion (in the Arrow-Pratt sense) from the von
Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions, and therefore, a more risk-averse agent
would invest less wealth (in absolute value) in the risky assets.


title:
Uncertainty inequalities as entanglement criteria for negative
  partial-transpose states

abstract:
  In this Letter, we show that the fulfillment of uncertainty relations is a
sufficient criterion for a quantum-mechanically permissible state. We
specifically construct two pseudo-spin observables for an arbitrary
non-positive Hermitian matrix whose uncertainty relation is violated. This
method enables us to systematically derive separability conditions for all
negative partial-transpose states in experimentally accessible forms. In
particular, generalized entanglement criteria are derived from the
Schrodinger-Robertson inequalities for bipartite continuous-variable states.


title: Embeddings between operator-valued dyadic BMO spaces

abstract:
  We investigate a scale of dyadic operator-valued BMO spaces, corresponding to
the different yet equivalent characterizations of dyadic BMO in the scalar
case. In the language of operator spaces, we investigate different operator
space structures on the scalar dyadic BMO space which arise naturally from the
different characterisations of scalar BMO. We also give sharp dimensional
growth estimates for the sweep of functions and its bilinear extension in some
of those different dyadic BMO spaces.


title:
Conformal invariance and the expressions for $C_F^4\alpha_s^4$
  contributions to the Bjorken polarized and the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum
  rules

abstract:
  Considering massless axial-vector-vector triangle diagram in the conformal
invariant limit and the the results of recent distinguished analytical
calculations of the 5-loop single-fermion loop corrections to the QED
$\beta$-function, we derive the analytical expressions for the
$C_F^4\alpha_s^4$-contributions to the Bjorken polarized and Gross-Llewellyn
Smith sum rule. This visible in future evaluation can shed extra light on the
reliability of the appearance of $\zeta_3$-term in the explicitly known part of
5-loop corrections to the QED $\beta$-function which are proportional to the
conformal invariant set of $C_F^4\alpha_s^4$ -contributions into to the
$e^+e^-$- annihilation Adler function.


title:
Indications of Conical Emission of Charged Hadrons at the BNL
  Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

abstract:
  Three-particle azimuthal correlation measurements with a high transverse
momentum trigger particle are reported for pp, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at
200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Dijet structures are observed in pp, d+Au and
peripheral Au+Au collisions. An additional structure is observed in central
Au+Au data, signaling conical emission of correlated charged hadrons. The
conical emission angle is found to be 1.37 +- 0.02(stat) +0.06-0.07(syst),
independent of pt.


title:
Realization of a strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture from a
  two-component Fermi gas

abstract:
  We show the emergence of a strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture from a
two-component Fermi mixture with population imbalance. By analyzing in situ
density profiles of $^6$Li atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover regime we identify a
critical interaction strength, beyond which all minority atoms pair up with
majority atoms, and form a Bose condensate. This is the regime where the system
can be effectively described as a boson-fermion mixture. We determine the
dimer-fermion and dimer-dimer scattering lengths and beyond-mean-field
contributions. Our study realizes a Gedanken experiment of bosons immersed in a
Fermi sea of one of their constituents, revealing the composite nature of the
bosons.


title: Friedel oscillations of Kondo impurities: A comparison

abstract:
  Recently Affleck et al. derived the existence of Friedel oscillations in the
presence of a Kondo impurity. They supported their analytic derivation by
numerical calculations using Wilson's renormalization approach (NRG). In this
paper the size of the Friedel oscillations is calculated with the FAIR method
(Friedel Artificially Inserted Resonance) which has been recently developed.
The results of NRG and FAIR are compared. The development of Friedel
oscillations with a phase shift of pi/2 outside of the Kondo radius is
confirmed.


title:
Logarithmic decay of hyperbolic equations with arbitrary boundary
  damping

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the logarithmic stability for the hyperbolic
equations by arbitrary boundary observation. Based on Carleman estimate, we
first prove an estimate of the resolvent operator of such equation. Then we
prove the logarithmic stability estimate for the hyperbolic equations without
any assumption on an observation subboundary.


title:
Radiative processes as a condensation phenomenon and the physical
  meaning of deformed canonical structures

abstract:
  Working with well known models in $(2+1)D$ we discuss the physics behind the
deformation of the canonical structure of these theories. A new deformation is
constructed linking the massless scalar field theory with the self-dual theory.
This is the exact dual of the known deformation connecting the Maxwell theory
with the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. Duality is used to establish a web of
relations between the mentioned theories and a physical picture of the
deformation procedure is suggested.


title: A Numerical Approach to Coulomb Gauge QCD

abstract:
  We calculate the ghost two-point function in Coulomb gauge QCD with a simple
model vacuum gluon wavefunction using Monte Carlo integration. This approach
extends the previous analytic studies of the ghost propagator with this ansatz,
where a ladder-rainbow expansion was unavoidable for calculating the path
integral over gluon field configurations. The new approach allows us to study
the possible critical behavior of the coupling constant, as well as the Coulomb
potential derived from the ghost dressing function. We demonstrate that IR
enhancement of the ghost correlator or Coulomb form factor fails to
quantitatively reproduce confinement using Gaussian vacuum wavefunctional.


title:
Green function techniques in the treatment of quantum transport at the
  molecular scale

abstract:
  The theoretical investigation of charge (and spin) transport at nanometer
length scales requires the use of advanced and powerful techniques able to deal
with the dynamical properties of the relevant physical systems, to explicitly
include out-of-equilibrium situations typical for electrical/heat transport as
well as to take into account interaction effects in a systematic way.
Equilibrium Green function techniques and their extension to non-equilibrium
situations via the Keldysh formalism build one of the pillars of current
state-of-the-art approaches to quantum transport which have been implemented in
both model Hamiltonian formulations and first-principle methodologies. We offer
a tutorial overview of the applications of Green functions to deal with some
fundamental aspects of charge transport at the nanoscale, mainly focusing on
applications to model Hamiltonian formulations.


title: Curvature extrema and four-vertex theorems for polygons and polyhedra

abstract:
  Discrete analogs of extrema of curvature and generalizations of the
four-vertex theorem to the case of polygons and polyhedra are suggested and
developed. For smooth curves and polygonal lines in the plane, a formula
relating the number of extrema of curvature to the winding numbers of the
curves (polygonal lines) and their evolutes is obtained. Also are considered
higher-dimensional analogs of the four-vertex theorem for regular and shellable
triangulations.


title: Wave Decay in MHD Turbulence

abstract:
  We present a model for nonlinear decay of the weak wave in three-dimensional
incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We show that the decay
rate is different for parallel and perpendicular waves. We provide a general
formula for arbitrarily directed waves and discuss particular limiting cases
known in the literature. We test our predictions with direct numerical
simulations of wave decay in three-dimensional MHD turbulence, and discuss the
influence of turbulent damping on the development of linear instabilities in
the interstellar medium and on other important astrophysical processes.


title: Classifications of Linear Controlled Systems

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to a study of linear, differential and topological
classifications for linear controlled systems governed by ordinary differential
equations. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the linear and
topological equivalence are given. It is also shown that the differential
equivalence is the same as the linear equivalence for the linear controlled
systems.


title:
Flux-lattice melting in LaO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$FeAs: first-principles
  prediction

abstract:
  We report the theoretical study of the flux-lattice melting in the novel
iron-based superconductor $LaO_{0.9}F_{0.1}FeAs$ and
$LaO_{0.925}F_{0.075}FeAs$. Using the Hypernetted-Chain closure and an
efficient algorithm, we calculate the two-dimensional one-component plasma pair
distribution functions, static structure factors and direct correlation
functions at various temperatures. The Hansen-Verlet freezing criterion is
shown to be valid for vortex-liquid freezing in type-II superconductors.
Flux-lattice meting lines for $LaO_{0.9}F_{0.1}FeAs$ and
$LaO_{0.925}F_{0.075}FeAs$ are predicted through the combination of the density
functional theory and the mean-field substrate approach.


title:
An Integral Form of the Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation with Variable
  Coefficients

abstract:
  We discuss an integral form of the Cauchy initial value problem for the
nonlinear Schroedinger equation with variable coefficients. Some special and
limiting cases are outlined.


title: To what extent does genealogical ancestry imply genetic ancestry?

abstract:
  Recent statistical and computational analyses have shown that a genealogical
most recent common ancestor (MRCA) may have lived in the recent past. However,
coalescent-based approaches show that genetic most recent common ancestors for
a given non-recombining locus are typically much more ancient. It is not
immediately clear how these two perspectives interact. This paper investigates
relationships between the number of descendant alleles of an ancestor allele
and the number of genealogical descendants of the individual who possessed that
allele for a simple diploid genetic model extending the genealogical model of
Joseph Chang.


title: Thermodynamical properties of the Undulant Universe

abstract:
  Recent observations show that our universe is accelerating by dark energy, so
it is important to investigate the thermodynamical properties of it. The
Undulant
  Universe is a model with equation of state $\omega(a)=-\cos(b\ln a)$ for dark
energy, where we show that there neither the event horizon nor the particle
horizon exists. However, as a boundary of keeping thermodynamical properties,
the apparent horizon is a good holographic screen. The Universe has a thermal
equilibrium inside the apparent horizon, so the Unified First Law and the
Generalized Second Law of thermodynamics are satisfied. As a thermodynamical
whole, the evolution of the Undulant Universe behaves very well in the current
phase. However, when considering the unification theory, the failure of
conversation law at the epoch of the matter dominated or near singularity need
some more consideration for the form of the Undulant Universe.


title: Flux-Tube Formation and Holographic Tunneling

abstract:
  We consider correlator of two concentric Wilson loops, a small and large ones
related to the problem of flux-tube formation. There are three mechanisms which
can contribute to the connected correlator and yield different dependences on
the radius of the small loop. The first one is quite standard and concerns
exchange by supergravity modes. We also consider a novel mechanism when the
flux-tube formation is described by a barrier transition in the string
language, dual to the field-theoretic formulation of Yang-Mills theories. The
most interesting possibility within this approach is resonant tunneling which
would enhance the correlator of the Wilson loops for particular geometries. The
third possibility involves exchange by a dyonic string supplied with the string
junction. We introduce also t'Hooft and composite dyonic loops as probes of the
flux tube. Implications for lattice measurements are briefly discussed.


title:
Galactic Satellite Systems: Radial Distribution and Environment
  Dependence of Galaxy Morphology

abstract:
  We have studied the radial distribution of the early (E/S0) and late (S/Irr)
types of satellites around bright host galaxies. We made a volume-limited
sample of 4,986 satellites brighter than M_r = -18.0 associated with 2,254
hosts brighter than M_r =-19.0 from the SDSS DR5 sample. The morphology of
satellites is determined by an automated morphology classifier, but the host
galaxies are visually classified. We found segregation of satellite morphology
as a function of the projected distance from the host galaxy. The amplitude and
shape of the early-type satellite fraction profile are found to depend on the
host luminosity. This is the morphology-radius/density relation at the galactic
scale. There is a strong tendency for morphology conformity between the host
galaxy and its satellites. The early-type fraction of satellites hosted by
early-type galaxies is systematically larger than that of late-type hosts, and
is a strong function of the distance from the host galaxies. Fainter satellites
are more vulnerable to the morphology transformation effects of hosts.
Dependence of satellite morphology on the large-scale background density was
detected. The fraction of early-type satellites increases in high density
regions for both early and late-type hosts. It is argued that the conformity in
morphology of galactic satellite system is mainly originated by the
hydrodynamical and radiative effects of hosts on satellites.