title: Appell polynomials and their relatives II. Boolean theory

abstract:
  The Appell-type polynomial family corresponding to the simplest
non-commutative derivative operator turns out to be connected with the Boolean
probability theory, the simplest of the three universal non-commutative
probability theories (the other two being free and tensor/classical
probability). The basic properties of the Boolean Appell polynomials are
described. In particular, their generating function turns out to have a
resolvent-type form, just like the generating function for the free Sheffer
polynomials. It follows that the Meixner (that is, Sheffer plus orthogonal)
polynomial classes, in the Boolean and free theory, coincide. This is true even
in the multivariate case. A number of applications of this fact are described,
to the Belinschi-Nica and Bercovici-Pata maps, conditional freeness, and the
Laha-Lukacs type characterization.
  A number of properties which hold for the Meixner class in the free and
classical cases turn out to hold in general in the Boolean theory. Examples
include the behavior of the Jacobi coefficients under convolution, the
relationship between the Jacobi coefficients and cumulants, and an operator
model for cumulants. Along the way, we obtain a multivariate version of the
Stieltjes continued fraction expansion for the moment generating function of an
arbitrary state with monic orthogonal polynomials.


title: Activity from Magnetar Candidate 4U 0142+61: Bursts and Emission Lines

abstract:
  After 6 years of quiescence, Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 4U 0142+61 entered
an active phase in 2006 March that lasted several months. During the active
phase, several bursts were detected, and many aspects of the X-ray emission
changed. We report on the discovery of six X-ray bursts, the first ever seen
from this AXP in ~10 years of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) monitoring.
All the bursts occurred in the interval between 2006 April 6 and 2007 February
7. The bursts had the canonical fast rise slow decay profiles characteristic of
SGR/AXP bursts. The burst durations ranged from 8-3x10^3 s as characterized by
T90,these are very long durations even when compared to the broad T90
distributions of other bursts from SGRs and AXPs. The first five burst spectra
are well modeled by simple blackbodies, with temperature kT ~2-6 keV. However,
the sixth burst had a complicated spectrum consisting of at least three
emission lines with possible additional emission and absorption lines. The most
significant feature was at ~14 keV. Similar 14-keV spectral features were seen
in bursts from AXPs 1E 1048.1-5937 and XTE J1810-197. If this feature is
interpreted as a proton cyclotron line, then it supports the existence of a
magnetar-strength field for these AXPs. Several of the bursts were accompanied
by a short-term pulsed flux enhancement. We discuss these events in the context
of the magnetar model.


title: Rescattering effects in charmless B_{u,d,s} to P P decays

abstract:
  We study the final-state interaction (FSI) effects in charmless B_{u,d,s} to
PP decays. We consider a FSI approach with both short- and long-distance
contributions, where the former are from in-elastic channels and are contained
in factorization amplitudes, while the latter are from the residual
rescattering among PP states. Flavor SU(3) symmetry is used to constrain the
residual rescattering S-matrix. We fit to all available data on the CP-averaged
decay rates and CP asymmetries, and make predictions on unmeasured ones. Our
main results are as follows: (i) Results are in agreement with data in the
presence of FSI. (ii) For B decays, the pi^+pi^- and pi^0pi^0 rates are
suppressed and enhanced respectively by FSI. (iii) The FSI has a large impact
on direct CP asymmetries of many modes. (iv) The deviation (Delta A) between
A(B{bar}^0 to K^-pi^+) and A(B^-to K^-\pi^0) can be understood in the FSI
approach. (v) Sizable and complex color-suppressed tree amplitudes, which are
crucial for the large \pi^0\pi^0 rate and Delta A, are generated through
exchange rescattering. The correlation of the ratio B(pi^0pi^0)/B(pi^+pi^-) and
Delta A is studied. (vi) The B^- to pi^-pi^0 direct CP violation is very small
and is not affected by FSI. (vii) Several B_s decay rates are enhanced. In
particular, the eta'eta' branching ratio is enhanced to the level of
1.0X10^{-4}, which can be checked experimentally. (viii) Time-dependent CP
asymmetries S in B_{d,s} decays are studied. CP asymmetries in these modes will
be useful to test the SM.


title: The Lorentz Extension as Consequence of the Family Symmetry

abstract:
  In this paper we postulate an algebraic model to explain how the symmetry of
three lepton species plays its role in the Lorentz extension. Inspired by the
two-to-one mapping between the group SL (2, C) and the Lorentz group, we design
a mapping between SL (3, C) group, which displays the family symmetry, and a
generalized Lorentz group. Following the conventional method, we apply the
mapping results to Dirac equation to discuss its transformation invariance, and
it turns out that only when the vertex matrix is extended to the combination
can the Dirac-equation-form be reserved. At the same time we find that the
Lorentz group has to be extended with an additional generator . The generalized
vertex matrix is helpful in understanding the axial-like form of weak
interaction and the neutrino oscillations.


title:
Structure and Kinematics of Molecular Disks in Fast-Rotator Early-Type
  Galaxies

abstract:
  We present interferometric observations resolving the CO emission in the four
gas-rich lenticular galaxies NGC 3032, NGC 4150, NGC 4459, and NGC 4526, and we
compare the CO distribution and kinematics to those of the stars and ionized
gas. Counterrotation documents an external origin for the gas in at least one
case (NGC 3032), and the comparisons to stellar and ionized gas substructures
in all four galaxies offer insights into their formation histories. The
molecular gas is found in kpc-scale disks with mostly regular kinematics and
average surface densities of 100 to 200 \msunsqpc. The disks are well aligned
with the stellar photometric and kinematic axes. In the two more luminous Virgo
Cluster members NGC 4459 and NGC 4526 the molecular gas shows excellent
agreement with circular velocities derived independently from detailed modeling
of stellar kinematic data. There are also two puzzling instances of
disagreements between stellar kinematics and gas kinematics on sub-kpc scales.
In the inner arcseconds of NGC 3032 the CO velocities are significantly lower
than the inferred circular velocities, and the reasons may possibly be related
to the external origin of the gas but are not well understood. In addition, the
very young population of stars in the core of NGC 4150 appears to have the
opposite sense of rotation from the molecular gas.


title: Dark matter and dark gauge fields

abstract:
  Following the unexpected theoretical discovery of a mass dimension one
fermionic quantum field of spin one half, we now present first results on two
_local_ versions. The Dirac and Majorana fields of the standard model of
particle physics are supplemented by their natural counterparts in the dark
matter sector. The possibility that a mass dimension transmuting symmetry may
underlie a new standard model of particle physics is briefly suggested.


title: Many-Body Effects on Nonadiabatic Feshbach Conversion in Bosonic Systems

abstract:
  We investigate the dynamics of converting cold bosonic atoms to molecules
when an external magnetic field is swept across a Feshbach resonance. Our
analysis relies on a zero temperature quantum microscopic model that accounts
for many-body effects, triggering the association process. We show that the
picture of two-body molecular production depicted by Landau-Zener model is
significantly altered due to many-body effects. In nonadiabatic regime, we
derive an analytic expression for molecular conversion efficiency that explains
the discrepancy between the prediction of Landau-Zener formula and experimental
data[Hodby et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 94}, 120402 (2005)]. Our theory is
further extended to the formation of heteronuclear diatomic molecules and gives
some interesting predictions.


title:
Bound States of the Klein-Gordon Equation for Woods-Saxon Potential With
  Position Dependent Mass

abstract:
  The effective mass Klein-Gordon equation in one dimension for the Woods-Saxon
potential is solved by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. Energy eigenvalues
and the corresponding eigenfunctions are computed. Results are also given for
the constant mass case.


title: Glassy Aging with Modified Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts Form

abstract:
  In this report we address the question whether aging in the non equilibrium
glassy state is controlled by the equilibrium alpha-relaxation process which
occur at temperatures above Tg. Recently Lunkenheimer et. al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.
95, 055702 (2005)] proposed a model for the glassy aging data of dielectric
relaxation using a modified Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) form. The aging
time dependence of the relaxation time is defined by these authors through a
functional relation involving the corresponding frequency but the stretching
exponent is same as the alpha-relaxation stretching exponent. We present here
an alternative functional form directly involving the relaxation time itself.
The proposed model fits the data of Lunkenheimer et. al. perfectly with a
stretching exponent different from the alpha-relaxation stretching exponent.


title: Oscillator model for the relativistic fermion-boson system

abstract:
  The solvable quantum mechanical model for the relativistic two-body system
composed of spin-1/2 and spin-0 particles is constructed. The model includes
the oscillator-type interaction through a combination of Lorentz-vector and
-tensor potentials. The analytical expressions for the wave functions and the
order of the energy levels are discussed.


title: Topology of Knotted Optical Vortices

abstract:
  Optical vortices as topological objects exist ubiquitously in nature. In this
paper, by making use of the $\phi$-mapping topological current theory, we
investigate the topology in the closed and knotted optical vortices. The
topological inner structure of the optical vortices are obtained, and the
linking of the knotted optical vortices is also given.


title: Topological Aspect of Knotted Vortex Filaments in Excitable Media

abstract:
  Scroll waves exist ubiquitously in three-dimensional excitable media. It's
rotation center can be regarded as a topological object called vortex filament.
In three-dimensional space, the vortex filaments usually form closed loops, and
even linked and knotted. In this letter, we give a rigorous topological
description of knotted vortex filaments. By using the $\phi$-mapping
topological current theory, we rewrite the topological current form of the
charge density of vortex filaments and use this topological current we reveal
that the Hopf invariant of vortex filaments is just the sum of the linking and
self-linking numbers of the knotted vortex filaments. We think that the precise
expression of the Hopf invariant may imply a new topological constraint on
knotted vortex filaments.


title:
Crack propagation through phase separated glasses: effect of the
  characteristic size of disorder

abstract:
  We perform fracture experiments on nanoscale phase separated glasses and
measure crack surface roughness by atomic force microscopy. The ability of
tuning the phase domain size by thermal treatment allows us to test thoroughly
the predictions of crack font depinning models about the scaling properties of
crack surface roughness. It appears that in the range of validity of these
depinning models developed for the fracture of brittle materials, our
experimental results show a quantitative agreement with theoretical
predictions: beyond the characteristic size of disorder, the roughness of crack
surfaces obeys the logarithmic scaling early predicted by Ramanathan, Ertas and
Fisher (PRL97)


title: Knotted Topological Phase Singularities of Electromagnetic Field

abstract:
  In this paper, knotted objects (RS vortices) in the theory of topological
phase singularity in electromagnetic field have been investigated in details.
By using the $\phi$-mapping topological current theory proposed by Prof. Duan,
we rewrite the topological current form of RS vortices and use this topological
current we reveal that the Hopf invariant of RS vortices is just the sum of the
linking and self-linking numbers of the knotted RS vortices. Furthermore, the
conservation of the Hopf invariant in the splitting, the mergence and the
intersection processes of knotted RS vortices is also discussed.


title: Edgeworth expansions in operator form

abstract:
  An operator form of asymptotic expansions for Markov chains is established.
Coefficients are given explicitly. Such expansions require a certain
modification of the classical spectral method. They prove to be extremely
useful within the context of large deviations.


title: Cyclotron radiation and emission in graphene

abstract:
  Peculiarity in the cyclotron radiation and emission in graphene is
theoretically examined in terms of the optical conductivity and relaxation
rates to propose that graphene in magnetic fields can be a candidate to realize
the Landau level laser, proposed decades ago [H. Aoki, Appl. Phys. Lett. {\bf
48}, 559 (1986)].


title:
Solving the Schrodinger Equation for a Charged Particle in a Magnetic
  Field using the Finite Difference Time Domain Method

abstract:
  We extend our finite difference time domain method for numerical solution of
the Schrodinger equation to cases where eigenfunctions are complex-valued.
Illustrative numerical results for an electron in two dimensions, subject to a
confining potential V(x,y), in a constant perpendicular magnetic field
demonstrate the accuracy of the method.


title: Stability of Squashed Kaluza-Klein Black Holes

abstract:
  The stability of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes is studied. The squashed
Kaluza-Klein black hole looks like five dimensional black hole in the vicinity
of horizon and four dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a circle at infinity.
In this sense, squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes can be regarded as black holes
in the Kaluza-Klein spacetimes. Using the symmetry of squashed Kaluza-Klein
black holes, $SU(2)\times U(1)\simeq U(2)$, we obtain master equations for a
part of the metric perturbations relevant to the stability. The analysis based
on the master equations gives a strong evidence for the stability of squashed
Kaluza-Klein black holes. Hence, the squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes deserve
to be taken seriously as realistic black holes in the Kaluza-Klein spacetime.


title:
Marriage \`a-la-MOND: Baryonic dark matter in galaxy clusters and the
  cooling flow puzzle

abstract:
  I start with a brief introduction to MOND phenomenology and its possible
roots in cosmology--a notion that may turn out to be the most far reaching
aspect of MOND. Next I discuss the implications of MOND for the dark matter
(DM) doctrine: MOND's successes imply that baryons determine everything. For DM
this would mean that the puny tail of leftover baryons in galaxies wags the
hefty DM dog. This has to occur in many intricate ways, and despite the
haphazard construction history of galaxies--a very tall order. I then
concentrate on galaxy clusters in light of MOND, which still requires some yet
undetected cluster dark matter, presumably in some baryonic form (CBDM). This
CBDM might contribute to the heating of the x-ray emitting gas and thus
alleviate the cooling-flow puzzle. MOND, qua theory of dynamics, does not
directly enter the microphysics of the gas; however, it does force a new
outlook on the role of DM in shaping the cluster gasdynamics: MOND tells us
that the cluster DM is not cold dark matter, is not so abundant, and is not
expected in galaxies; it is thus not subject to constraints on baryonic DM in
galaxies. The mass in CBDM required in a whole cluster is, typically, similar
to that in hot gas, but is rather more centrally concentrated, totally
dominating the core. The CBDM contribution to the baryon budget in the universe
is thus small. Its properties, deduced for isolated clusters, are consistent
with the observations of the ``bullet cluster''. Its kinetic-energy reservoir
is much larger than that of the hot gas in the core, and would suffice to keep
the gas hot for many cooling times. Heating can be effected in various ways
depending on the exact nature of the CBDM, from very massive black holes to
cool, compact gas clouds.


title:
Optical observations of 23 distant Jupiter Family Comets, including
  36P/Whipple at multiple phase angles

abstract:
  We present photometry on 23 Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs) observed at large
heliocentric distance, primarily using the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT).
Snap-shot images were taken of 17 comets, of which 5 were not detected, 3 were
active and 9 were unresolved and apparently inactive. These include
103P/Hartley 2, the target of the NASA Deep Impact extended mission, EPOXI. For
6 comets we obtained time-series photometry and use this to constrain the shape
and rotation period of these nuclei. The data are not of sufficient quantity or
quality to measure precise rotation periods, but the time-series do allow us to
measure accurate effective radii and surface colours. Of the comets observed
over an extended period, 40P/Vaisala 1, 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson and P/2004 H2
(Larsen) showed faint activity which limited the study of the nucleus.
Light-curves for 94P/Russell 4 and 121P/Shoemaker-Holt 2 reveal rotation
periods of around 33 and 10 hours respectively, although in both cases these
are not unique solutions. 94P was observed to have a large range in magnitudes
implying that it is one of the most elongated nuclei known, with an axial ratio
a/b \ge 3. 36P/Whipple was observed at 5 different epochs, with the INT and
ESO's 3.6m NTT, primarily in an attempt to confirm the preliminary short
rotation period apparent in the first data set. The combined data set shows
that the rotation period is actually longer than 24 hours. A measurement of the
phase function of 36P's nucleus gives a relatively steep \beta = 0.060 \pm
0.019. Finally, we discuss the distribution of surface colours observed in JFC
nuclei, and show that it is possible to trace the evolution of colours from the
Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) population to the JFC population by applying a
'de-reddening' function to the KBO colour distribution.


title: Andromeda IV: a new Local Volume very metal-poor galaxy

abstract:
  And IV is a low-surface brightness (LSB) dwarf galaxy at the distance of 6.1
Mpc, projecting close to M 31. In this paper the results of spectroscopy of And
IV the two brightest HII regions with the SAO 6-m telescope (BTA) are
presented. In both of them the faint line [OIII]4363 was detected that allowed
us to determine their O/H by the classical T_e method. Their values of
12+log(O/H) are equal to 7.49+-0.06 and 7.55+-0.23, respectively. The
comparison of these direct O/H determinations with the two most reliable
semi-empirical and empirical methods shows their good consistency. For And IV
absolute blue magnitude of M_B=-12.6, our value of O/H corresponds well to the
`standard' relation between O/H and L_B for dwarf irregular galaxies (DIGs).
And IV appears to be a new representative of the extremely metal-deficient
gas-rich galaxies in the Local Volume. The very large range of M(HI) for LSB
galaxies with close metallicities and luminosities indicates that the simple
models of LSBG chemical evolution are too limited to predict such striking
diversity.


title: The Inert Doublet Model : a new archetype of WIMP dark matter?

abstract:
  The Inert Doublet Model (IDM) is a two doublet extension of the
Higgs-Brout-Englert sector of the Standard Model with a Z_2 symmetry in order
to prevent FCNC. If the Z_2 symmetry is not spontaneously broken, the lightest
neutral extra scalar is a dark matter candidate. We briefly review the
phenomenology of the model, emphasizing its relevance for the issue of
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) and the prospects for detection of dark
matter.


title: Scalar Top Studies from Morioka'95 to DESY'07

abstract:
  Scalar top studies at the ILC are reviewed from initial sensitivity studies
to a new precision mass determination method.


title:
Extended Supersymmetric sigma-Model Based on the SO(2N+1) Lie Algebra of
  the Fermion Operators

abstract:
  Extended supersymmetric sigma-model is given, standing on the SO(2N+1) Lie
algebra of fermion operators composed of annihilation-creation operators and
pair operators. Canonical transformation, the extension of the SO(2N)
Bogoliubov transformation to the SO(2N+1) group, is introduced. Embedding the
SO(2N+1) group into an SO(2N+2) group and using SO(2N+2)/U(N+1) coset
variables, we investigate a new aspect of the supersymmetric sigma-model on the
Kaehler manifold of the symmetric space SO(2N+2)/U(N+1). We construct a Killing
potential which is just the extension of the Killing potential in the
SO(2N)/U(N) coset space given by van Holten et al. to that in the
SO(2N+2)/U(N+1) coset space. To our great surprise, the Killing potential is
equivalent with the generalized density matrix. Its diagonal-block matrix is
related to a reduced scalar potential with a Fayet-Ilipoulos term. The reduced
scalar potential is optimized in order to see the behaviour of the vacuum
expectation value of the sigma-model fields and a proper solution for one of
the SO(2N+1) group parameters is obtained. We give bosonization of the SO(2N+2)
Lie operators, vacuum functions and differential forms for their bosons
expressed in terms of the SO(2N+2)/U(N+1) coset variables, a U(1) phase and the
corresponding Kaehler potential.


title:
The Generalized Random Energy Model and its Application to the
  Statistical Physics of Ensembles of Hierarchical Codes

abstract:
  In an earlier work, the statistical physics associated with
finite--temperature decoding of code ensembles, along with the relation to
their random coding error exponents, were explored in a framework that is
analogous to Derrida's random energy model (REM) of spin glasses, according to
which the energy levels of the various spin configurations are independent
random variables. The generalized REM (GREM) extends the REM in that it
introduces correlations between energy levels in an hierarchical structure. In
this paper, we explore some analogies between the behavior of the GREM and that
of code ensembles which have parallel hierarchical structures. In particular,
in analogy to the fact that the GREM may have different types of phase
transition effects, depending on the parameters of the model, then the
above--mentioned hierarchical code ensembles behave substantially differently
in the various domains of the design parameters of these codes. We make an
attempt to explore the insights that can be imported from the statistical
mechanics of the GREM and be harnessed to serve for code design considerations
and guidelines.


title: Precision Measurements of the Stop Quark Mass at the ILC

abstract:
  Most supersymmetric models predict new particles within the reach of the next
generation of colliders. For an understanding of the model structure and the
mechanism(s) of electroweak symmetry breaking, it is important to know the
masses of the new particles precisely. The measurement of the mass of the
scalar partner of the top quark (stop) at an e+e- collider is studied. A
relatively light stop is motivated by attempts to explain electroweak
baryogenesis and can play an important role in dark matter annihilation. A
method is presented which makes use of cross-section measurements near the
pair-production threshold as well as at higher center-of-mass energies. It is
shown that this method does not only increase the statistical precision, but
also reduces the influence of systematic uncertainties, which can be important.
Numerical results are presented, based on a realistic event simulation, for two
signal selection strategies: using conventional selection cuts, and using an
Iterative Discriminant Analysis (IDA). While the analysis of stops is
particularly challenging due to the possibility of stop hadronization and
fragmentation, the general procedure could be applied to many precision mass
measurements.


title:
Martingale proofs of many-server heavy-traffic limits for Markovian
  queues

abstract:
  This is an expository review paper illustrating the ``martingale method'' for
proving many-server heavy-traffic stochastic-process limits for queueing
models, supporting diffusion-process approximations. Careful treatment is given
to an elementary model -- the classical infinite-server model $M/M/\infty$, but
models with finitely many servers and customer abandonment are also treated.
The Markovian stochastic process representing the number of customers in the
system is constructed in terms of rate-1 Poisson processes in two ways: (i)
through random time changes and (ii) through random thinnings. Associated
martingale representations are obtained for these constructions by applying,
respectively: (i) optional stopping theorems where the random time changes are
the stopping times and (ii) the integration theorem associated with random
thinning of a counting process. Convergence to the diffusion process limit for
the appropriate sequence of scaled queueing processes is obtained by applying
the continuous mapping theorem. A key FCLT and a key FWLLN in this framework
are established both with and without applying martingales.


title:
Entropy Function and Universality of Entropy-Area Relation for Small
  Black Holes

abstract:
  We discuss the entropy-area relation for the small black holes with higher
curvature corrections by using the entropy function formalism and field
redefinition method. We show that the entropy $S_{BH}$ of small black hole is
proportional to its horizon area $A$. In particular we find a universal result
that $S_{BH}=A/2G$, the ratio is two times of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area
formula in many cases of physical interest. In four dimensions, the universal
relation is always true irrespective of the coefficients of the higher-order
terms if the dilaton couplings are the same, which is the case for string
effective theory, while in five dimensions, the relation again holds
irrespective of the overall coefficient if the higher-order corrections are in
the GB combination. We also discuss how this result generalizes to known
physically interesting cases with Lovelock correction terms in various
dimensions, and possible implications of the universal relation.


title: Exact Quantum Algorithms for the Leader Election Problem

abstract:
  This paper gives the first separation of quantum and classical pure (i.e.,
non-cryptographic) computing abilities with no restriction on the amount of
available computing resources, by considering the exact solvability of a
celebrated unsolvable problem in classical distributed computing, the ``leader
election problem'' on anonymous networks. The goal of the leader election
problem is to elect a unique leader from among distributed parties. The paper
considers this problem for anonymous networks, in which each party has the same
identifier. It is well-known that no classical algorithm can solve exactly
(i.e., in bounded time without error) the leader election problem in anonymous
networks, even if it is given the number of parties. This paper gives two
quantum algorithms that, given the number of parties, can exactly solve the
problem for any network topology in polynomial rounds and polynomial
communication/time complexity with respect to the number of parties, when the
parties are connected by quantum communication links.


title:
Isometric immersions into the Minkowski spacetime for Lorentzian
  manifolds with limited regularity

abstract:
  Assuming minimal regularity assumptions on the data, we revisit the classical
problem of finding isometric immersions into the Minkowski spacetime for
hypersurfaces of a Lorentzian manifold. Our approach encompasses metrics having
Sobolev regularity and Riemann curvature defined in the distributional sense,
only. It applies to timelike, spacelike, or null hypersurfaces with arbitrary
signature that possibly changes from point to point.


title: Cyberspace security: How to develop a security strategy

abstract:
  Despite all visible dividers, the Internet is getting us closer and closer,
but with a great price. Our security is the price. The international community
is fully aware of the urgent need to secure the cyberspace as you see the
multiplication of security standards and national schemes interpreting them
beyond borders: ISO 15408, ISO 17799, and ISO 27001. Even though some
countries, including the Security Big Six (SB6), are equipped with their
security books and may feel relatively safe; this remains a wrong sense of
security as long as they share their networks with entities of less security.
The standards impose security best practices and system specifications for the
development of information security management systems. Partners beyond borders
have to be secure as this is only possible if all entities connected to the
partnership remain secure. Unfortunately, there is no way to verify the
continuous security of partners without periodic security auditing and
certification, and members who do not comply should be barred from the
partnership. This concept also applies to the cyber space or the electronic
society. In order to clean our society from cyber crimes and cyber terrorism we
need to impose strict security policies and enforce them in a cooperative
manner. The paper discusses a country's effort in the development of a national
security strategy given its security economic intelligence position, its
security readiness, and its adverse exposure.


title:
Offdiagonal complexity: A computationally quick network complexity
  measure. Application to protein networks and cell division

abstract:
  Many complex biological, social, and economical networks show topologies
drastically differing from random graphs. But, what is a complex network, i.e.\
how can one quantify the complexity of a graph? Here the Offdiagonal Complexity
(OdC), a new, and computationally cheap, measure of complexity is defined,
based on the node-node link cross-distribution, whose nondiagonal elements
characterize the graph structure beyond link distribution, cluster coefficient
and average path length. The OdC apporach is applied to the {\sl Helicobacter
pylori} protein interaction network and randomly rewired surrogates thereof. In
addition, OdC is used to characterize the spatial complexity of cell
aggregates. We investigate the earliest embryo development states of
Caenorhabditis elegans. The development states of the premorphogenetic phase
are represented by symmetric binary-valued cell connection matrices with
dimension growing from 4 to 385. These matrices can be interpreted as adjacency
matrix of an undirected graph, or network. The OdC approach allows to describe
quantitatively the complexity of the cell aggregate geometry.


title: A vortex dipole in a trapped two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate

abstract:
  We study the conservative dynamics and stationary configurations of a
vortex-antivortex pair in a harmonically trapped two-dimensional Bose-Einstein
condensate. We establish the conceptual framework for understanding the
stationary states and the topological defect trajectories, through
considerations of different mechanisms of vortex motion and the bifurcation of
soliton-like stationary solutions. Our insights are based on Lagrangian-based
variational calculations, numerical solutions of both the time-dependent and
time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equations, and exact solutions for the
non-interacting case.


title:
General CP Violation in Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model and
  Constraints on the Right-Handed Scale

abstract:
  In minimal left-right symmetric theories, the requirement of parity
invariance allows only one complex phase in the Higgs potential and one in the
Yukawa couplings, leading to a two-phase theory with both spontaneous and
explicit CP violations. We present a systematic way to solve the right-handed
quark mixing matrix analytically in this model and find that the leading order
solution has the same hierarchical structure as the left-handed CKM matrix with
one more CP-violating phase coming from the complex Higgs vev. Armed with this
explicit right-handed mixing matrix, we explore its implications for flavor
changing and conserving processes in detail, low-energy CP-violating
observables in particular. We report an improved lower bound on the $W_R$ mass
of 2.5 TeV from $\Delta M_K$ and $\Delta M_{B}$, and a somewhat higher bound (4
TeV) from kaon decay parameters $\epsilon$, $\epsilon'$, and neutron electric
dipole moment. The new bound on the flavor-changing neutral Higgs mass is 25
TeV.


title: On the optimality of the standard genetic code: the role of stop codons

abstract:
  The genetic code markup is the assignment of stop codons. The standard
genetic code markup ensures the maximum possible stability of genetic
information with respect to two fault classes: frameshift and nonsense
mutations. There are only 528 (about 1,3% of total number) optimal markups in
the set of markups having 3 stop codons. Among the sets of markups with
1,2,...,8 stop codons, the standard case having 3 stop codons has maximum
absolute number of optimal markups.


title:
QCD corrections to J/psi plus eta_c production in e+e- annihilation at
  sqrt{s}=10.6 GeV

abstract:
  Next-to-Leading-Order(NLO) QCD corrections to J/jpsi plus eta_c production in
e+e- annihilation at sqrt{s}=10.6 GeV is calculated in this paper, and an
analytic result is obtained. By choosing proper physical parameters, a K factor
(ratio of NLO to LO) of about 2, which is in agreement with the result in
Ref.\cite{Zhang:2005ch}, is obtained. Our results show that the
Next-Next-to-Leading-Order(NNLO) corrections might be quite large. The plot of
the K-factor vs the center-of-mass energy sqrt{s} shows that it is more
difficult to obtain a convergent result from the perturbative QCD without
resummation of ln(s/m_c) terms as the sqrt{s} becomes larger.


title:
Poincar\'{e}-based control of delayed measured systems: Limitations and
  Improved Control

abstract:
  When a chaotic system is to be stabilized to a unstable orbit, delayed
measurement of the system limits the applicability of chaos control techniqes.
These limitations are analyzed and control schemes as linear predictive logging
control (LPLC) and memory difference control (MDC) are introduced which can
overcome those limitations for chaos control schemes that act in the
Poincar\'{e} section as Ott-Grebogi-Yorke (OGY) control and
Bielawski-Derozier_Glorieux control (difference control).


title:
Weak Affine Light Typing: Polytime intensional expressivity, soundness
  and completeness

abstract:
  Weak affine light typing (WALT) assigns light affine linear formulae as types
to a subset of lambda-terms in System F. WALT is poly-time sound: if a
lambda-term M has type in WALT, M can be evaluated with a polynomial cost in
the dimension of the derivation that gives it a type. In particular, the
evaluation can proceed under any strategy of a rewriting relation, obtained as
a mix of both call-by-name/call-by-value beta-reductions. WALT is poly-time
complete since it can represent any poly-time Turing machine. WALT weakens,
namely generalizes, the notion of stratification of deductions common to some
Light Systems -- we call as such those logical systems, derived from Linear
logic, to characterize FP, the set of Polynomial functions -- . A weaker
stratification allows to define a compositional embedding of the Quasi-linear
fragment QlSRN of Safe recursion on notation (SRN) into WALT. QlSRN is SRN,
which is a recursive-theoretical system characterizing FP, where only the
composition scheme is restricted to linear safe variables. So, the expressivity
of WALT is stronger, as compared to the known Light Systems. In particular,
using the types, the embedding puts in evidence the stratification of normal
and safe arguments hidden in QlSRN: the less an argument is impredicative, the
deeper, in a formal, proof-theoretical sense, gets its representation in WALT.


title:
A note on spherically symmetric isentropic compressible flows with
  density-dependent viscosity coefficients

abstract:
  In this note, by constructing suitable approximate solutions, we prove the
existence of global weak solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations
with density-dependent viscosity coefficients in the whole space
$\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq2$ (or exterior domain), when the initial data are
spherically symmetric. In particular, we prove the existence of spherically
symmetric solutions to the Saint-Venant model for shallow water in the whole
space (or exterior domain).


title:
Drift reversal in asymmetric coevolutionary conflicts: Influence of
  microscopic processes and population size

abstract:
  The coevolutionary dynamics in finite populations currently is investigated
in a wide range of disciplines, as chemical catalysis, biological evolution,
social and economic systems. The dynamics of those systems can be formulated
within the unifying framework of evolutionary game theory. However it is not a
priori clear which mathematical description is appropriate when populations are
not infinitely large. Whereas the replicator equation approach describes the
infinite population size limit by deterministic differential equations, in
finite populations the dynamics is inherently stochastic which can lead to new
effects. Recently, an explicit mean-field description in the form of a
Fokker-Planck equation was derived for frequency-dependent selection in finite
populations based on microscopic processes. In asymmetric conflicts between two
populations with a cyclic dominance, a finite-size dependent drift reversal was
demonstrated, depending on the underlying microscopic process of the
evolutionary update. Cyclic dynamics appears widely in biological coevolution,
be it within a homogeneous population, or be it between disjunct populations as
female and male. Here explicit analytic address is given and the average drift
is calculated for the frequency-dependent Moran process and for different
pairwise comparison processes. It is explicitely shown that the drift reversal
cannot occur if the process relies on payoff differences between pairs of
individuals. Further, also a linear comparison with the average payoff does not
lead to a drift towards the internal fixed point. Hence the nonlinear
comparison function of the frequency-dependent Moran process, together with its
usage of nonlocal information via the average payoff, is the essential part of
the mechanism.


title:
Generalized Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequalities maximally violated
  by higher dimensional systems

abstract:
  Imagine two parties, Alice and Bob who share an entangled quantum state. A
well-established result that if Alice performs two-outcome measurement on the
portion of the state in her possession and Bob does likewise, they are able to
produce correlations that cannot be reproduced by any classical theory. The
allowed classical correlations can be expressed quantitatively by the Bell
inequalities. Here we propose new families of Bell inequalities, as a
generalization of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality and show
that the maximum violation of these Bell inequalities allowed by quantum theory
can not be attained by a bipartite quantum system having support on a qubit at
each site.


title: On the origin of two-shell supernova remnants

abstract:
  The proper motion of massive stars could cause them to explode far from the
geometric centers of their wind-driven bubbles and thereby could affect the
symmetry of the resulting diffuse supernova remnants. We use this fact to
explain the origin of SNRs consisting of two partially overlapping shells (e.g.
Cygnus Loop, 3C 400.2, etc.).


title: Multipole characteristics of the open-shell electron eigenstates

abstract:
  The second moment of the sublevels within the initial state | \alpha SLJ >
which constitutes a natural and adequate measure of the crystal-field (CF)
effect can be redefined as sigma^{2}=1/(2J+1)\sum_{k} S_{k}^{2} A_{k}^{2},
where S_{k}=[1/(2k+1)\sum_{q}|B_{kq}|^2]^{1/2} is the so-called 2^{k}-pole CF
strength, whereas A_{k}= < \alpha SLJ||C^{(k)}||\alpha SLJ > the reduced matrix
element of the k-rank spherical tensor operator. Therefore, the CF effect
depends on the sum of products of the two factors representing the identical
multipole components of two different charge distributions. The term A_{k}
expresses the asphericity of the central ion open-shell, whereas the term S_{k}
the asphericity of its surroundings. When these two distributions do not fit
each other the observed CF splitting can be unexpectedly weak even for
considerable values of the total S=(\sum_{k}S_{k}^{2})^{1/2} and
A=(\sum_{k}A_{k}^{2})^{1/2}. The tabulated quantities of the A_{k}(|\alpha SLJ
>), as the 2^{k}-pole type asphericities, are the intrinsic characteristics of
the electron states revealing their multipolar structure and hence their
potential susceptibility to CF splitting separately for each effective
multipole.


title: The Cohomology of Transitive Lie Algebroids

abstract:
  For a transitive Lie algebroid A on a connected manifold M and its a
representation on a vector bundle F, we study the localization map Y^1:
H^1(A,F)-> H^1(L_x,F_x), where L_x is the adjoint algebra at x in M. The main
result in this paper is that: Ker Y^1_x=Ker(p^{1*})=H^1_{deR}(M,F_0). Here
p^{1*} is the lift of H^1(\huaA,F) to its counterpart over the universal
covering space of M and H^1_{deR}(M,F_0) is the F_0=H^0(L,F)-coefficient deRham
cohomology. We apply these results to study the associated vector bundles to
principal fiber bundles and the structure of transitive Lie bialgebroids.


title:
An Eclipsing "Blue Straggler" V228 from 47 Tuc: Evolutionary
  Consideration

abstract:
  We perform evolutionary calculations of binary stars to find progenitors of
system with parameters similar to the eclipsing binary system V228. We show
that a V228 binary system may be formed starting with an initial binary system
which has a low main sequence star as an accretor. We also show that the best
fitting model implies loss of about 50 per cent of initial total orbital
momentum but only 5 per cent of initial total mass.


title: On the origin of hyperfast neutron stars

abstract:
  We propose an explanation for the origin of hyperfast neutron stars (e.g. PSR
B1508+55, PSR B2224+65, RX J0822-4300) based on the hypothesis that they could
be the remnants of a symmetric supernova explosion of a high-velocity massive
star (or its helium core) which attained its peculiar velocity (similar to that
of the neutron star) in the course of a strong three- or four-body dynamical
encounter in the core of a young massive star cluster. This hypothesis implies
that the dense cores of star clusters (located either in the Galactic disk or
near the Galactic centre) could also produce the so-called hypervelocity stars
-- the ordinary stars moving with a speed of ~1000 km/s.


title: Anyonic Loops in Three Dimensional Spin liquid and Chiral Spin Liquid

abstract:
  We established a large class of exactly soluble spin liquids and chiral spin
liquids on three dimensional helix lattices by introducing Kitaev-type's spin
coupling. In the chiral spin liquids, exact stable ground states with
spontaneous breaking of the time reversal symmetry are found. The
fractionalized loop excitations in both the spin and chiral spin liquids obey
non-abelian statistics. We characterize this kind of statistics by non-abelian
Berry phase and quantum algebra relation. The topological correlation of loops
is independent of local order parameter and it measures the intrinsic global
quantum entanglement of degenerate ground states.


title: Dark matter from Modified Friedmann Dynamics

abstract:
  The contemporary cosmic expansion is considered in the context of Modified
Friedmann Dynamics (MOFD). We discuss some relativistic model exploring analogy
to MOND modification of Newtonian dynamics. We argue that MOFD cosmologies can
explain fraction of dark matter in the accelerating Universe. We discuss some
observational constraints on possible evolutional MOFD scenarios of
cosmological models coming from SN Ia distant supernovae. We show that Modified
Newtonian Dynamics can be obtained as a Newtonian limit of more general
relativistic models with polytropic component of Equation of State. They
constitute a special subclass of generalized Cardassian models basing on
generalization of the Raychaudhuri equation rather than on generalization of
the Friedmann first integral. We demonstrate that MOND cosmologies are
compatible with observed accelerated phase of expansion of current universe
only for high value of cosmological constant. The Bayesian framework of model
selection favored this model over $\Lambda$CDM model if $\Omega_{m,o}$ is fixed
but this evidence is not significant. Moreover obtained from statistical
analysis value of the MOND characteristic $\beta$ parameter is far from value
required for explanation of the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.


title:
Insights into glass formation and glass transition in supercooled
  liquids, by study of related phenomena in crystals

abstract:
  We divide glass and viscous liquid sciences into two major research areas,
the first dealing with how to avoid crystals and so access the viscous liquid
state, and the second dealing with how liquids behave when no crystals form. We
review some current efforts to elucidate each area, looking at strategies for
vitrification of monatomic metals in the first, and the origin of the property
fragility in the second. Essential here is the non- trivial behavior of the
glassformer thermodynamics. We explore the findings on nonexponential
relaxationand dynamic heterogeneities in viscous liquids, emphasizing the way
in which direct excitation of the configurational modes has helped
differentiate configurational from nonconfigurational contributions to the
excess heat capacity. We then propose a scheme for understanding the relation
between inorganic network and non-network glassformers which includes the
anomalous case of water as an intermediate. In a final section we examine the
additional insights to be gained by study of the ergodicity-breaking,
glass-like, transitions that occur in disordering crystals. Here we highlight
systems in which the background thermodynamics is understood because the
ergodic behavior is a lambda transition. Water and the classical network
glassformers appear to be attenuated versions of these.


title:
Measurement of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Parameters in B0 -> K0S K0S
  decays

abstract:
  We report a measurement of the CP-violating parameters in B0->K0S K0S decays
based on a data sample of 657 million BBbar pairs collected at the Y(4S)
resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.
In this study, one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in the B0->K0S K0S
decay mode, and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified by its
decay products. The CP-violating parameters are measured from the asymmetry in
the distributions of the proper-time interval between the two B decays: S =
-0.38 +0.69-0.77(stat) +-0.09(syst) and A = -0.38 +-0.38(stat) +-0.05(syst).


title:
Dissecting the star-formation history of starburst galaxies: the case of
  NGC7673

abstract:
  We have collected archival data on NGC7673 to constrain the star-formation
history that produced the young star clusters and the field stellar population
in this galaxy during the last 2 Gyr. We have considered the sample of 50 star
clusters detected by HST/WFPC2 in the UV, V and I bands and estimated their
age, intrinsic reddening, and mass via comparison of their colours with
STARBURST99 models. We have found two prominent epochs of cluster formation
occurred about 20 Myr and 2 Myr ago, with somewhat minor events between 3 Myr
and 6 Myr ago. The star clusters are characterised by an intrinsic reddening
E(B-V) < 0.4 mag and a mass lower than 2e+06 solar masses. Out of the 50 star
clusters, we have selected 31 located within the boundaries of the IUE large
slit that was employed to obtain the spectrum of NGC7673 between 1150 Ang. and
3350 Ang. For each cluster, we have built a synthetic spectrum corresponding to
the age, mass and intrinsic reddening derived from the cluster colours,
properly redshifted to NGC7673. The spectra have then been added together in a
final, clusters integrated spectrum. This and the IUE and FUSE spectra of
NGC7673 have allowed us to describe the star-formation history of the
unresolved stars in the field as either exponentially decaying or multi-burst.
In the first case, we have derived an e-folding time of 700 (900) Myr and an
initial star-formation rate of 16 (13) solar masses per year when the
Fitzpatrick's (Calzetti's) extinction law is used. In the case of a multi-burst
star-formation history, the field population turns out to be composed by a
young (< 40 Myr) component 3 (2) times brighter than the star clusters, and a
component as old as 850 (450) Myr, about 200 (100) times more massive than the
star clusters together.


title: Generalized backscattering and the Lax-Phillips transform

abstract:
  Using the free-space translation representation (modified Radon transform) of
Lax and Phillips in odd dimensions, it is shown that the generalized
backscattering transform (so outgoing angle $\omega =S\theta$ in terms of the
incoming angle with $S$ orthogonal and $\Id-S$ invertible) may be further
restricted to give an entire, globally Fredholm, operator on appropriate
Sobolev spaces of potentials with compact support. As a corollary we show that
the modified backscattering map is a local isomorphism near elements of a
generic set of potentials.


title:
Dynamics of shock propagation and nucleosynthesis conditions in O-Ne-Mg
  core supernovae

abstract:
  It has been recently proposed that the shocked surface layers of exploding
O-Ne-Mg cores provide the conditions for r-process nucleosynthesis, because
their rapid expansion and high entropies enable heavy r-process isotopes to
form even in an environment with very low initial neutron excess of the matter.
We show here that the most sophisticated available hydrodynamic simulations (in
spherical and axial symmetry) do not support this new r-process scenario
because they fail to provide the necessary conditions of temperature, entropy,
and expansion timescale by significant factors. This suggests that, either the
formation of r-process elements works differently than suggested by Ning et al.
(2007, NQM07), or that some essential core properties with influence on the
explosion dynamics might be different from those predicted by Nomoto's
progenitor model.


title:
On the "scattering law" for Kasner parameters appearing in asymptotics
  of an exact S-brane solution

abstract:
  A multidimensional cosmological model with scalar and form fields [1-4] is
studied. An exact S-brane solution (either electric or magnetic) in a model
with l scalar fields and one antisymmetric form of rank m > 1 is considered.
This solution is defined on a product manifold containing n Ricci-flat factor
spaces M_1, ..., M_n. In the case when the kinetic term for scalar fields is
positive definite we singled out a special solution governed by the function
cosh. It is shown that this special solution has Kasner-like asymptotics in the
limits \tau \to + 0 and \tau \to + \infty, where \tau is a synchronous time
variable. A relation between two sets of Kasner parameters \alpha_{\infty} and
\alpha_0 is found. This relation, named as ``scattering law'' (SL) formula, is
coinciding with the ``collision law'' (CL) formula obtained previously in [5]
in a context of a billiard description of S-brane solutions near the
singularity. A geometric sense of SL formula is clarified: it is shown that SL
transformation is a map of a ``shadow'' part of the Kasner sphere S^{N-2} (N =
n+l) onto ``illuminated'' part. This map is just a (generalized) inversion with
respect to a point v located outside the Kasner sphere S^{N-2}. The shadow and
illuminated parts of the Kasner sphere are defined with respect to a point-like
source of light located at v. Explicit formulae for SL transformations
corresponding to SM2- and SM5-brane solutions in 11-dimensional supergravity
are presented.


title: Dynamo effects in magnetized ideal-plasma cosmologies

abstract:
  The excitation of cosmological perturbations in an anisotropic cosmological
model and in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field has been studied,
using the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. In this case, the system
of partial differential equations which governs the evolution of the magnetized
cosmological perturbations can be solved analytically. Our results verify that
fast-magnetosonic modes propagating normal to the magnetic field, are excited.
But, what's most important, is that, at late times, the magnetic-induction
contrast grows, resulting in the enhancement of the ambient magnetic field.
This process can be particularly favored by condensations, formed within the
plasma fluid due to gravitational instabilities.


title:
Single spin asymmetries in inclusive hadron production from SIDIS to
  hadronic collisions: universality and phenomenology

abstract:
  In a perturbative QCD approach, with inclusion of spin and transverse
momentum effects, experimental data on azimuthal asymmetries observed in
polarized semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering and e+ e- annihilations
can be used to determine the Sivers, transversity and Collins soft functions.
By using these functions, within the same scheme, we predict p(transv.
polarized) p -> h + X single spin asymmetries in remarkable agreement with RHIC
experimental data.


title: Entanglement-Enhanced Quantum Key Distribution

abstract:
  We present and analyze a quantum key distribution protocol based on sending
entangled N-qubit states instead of single-qubit ones as in the trail-blazing
scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84). Since the qubits are sent individually,
an eavesdropper is limited to accessing them one by one. In an intercept-resend
attack, this fundamental restriction allows one to make the eavesdropper's
information on the transmitted key vanish if even one of the qubits is not
intercepted. The implied upper bound 1/(2N) for Eve's information is further
shown not to be the lowest since in the case N = 2, the information can be
reduced to less than 30% of that in BB84. In general, the protocol is at least
as secure as BB84.


title: Orbits Of Five Visual Binary Stars

abstract:
  We presented here the orbital parameters for five visual binary stars
calculated by using the new method which we named Sector Grid Search. Orbital
parameters were obtained for the following stars: WDS 00152+2722 = ADS 195, WDS
02202+2949 = ADS 1780, WDS 11550$-$5606 = HIP 58106, WDS 16256$-$2327 = ADS
10049 and WDS 16256$-$2327 = ADS 10045. In addition, their masses, dynamical
parallaxes and ephemerides were calculated as well.


title: Momentum transfer in a standing optical vortex

abstract:
  A field superposition of singular beams incident on, and then reflected from
a mirror has been investigated. It was demonstrated that the standing optical
wave, which contains a vortex, possesses an orbital angle momentum where the
energy flux circulates only in the azimuth direction of the beam. We show in
this paper that the standing light wave containing the optical vortex transfers
angular momentum to a substance located in the field of the vortex without
moving the substance in the azimuth or radial directions. This property of the
standing vortex present an opportunity to form the three-dimensional optical
traps, gasdynamic and hydrodynamic vortices, in a localised volume by a direct
transfer of the orbital angular momentum from the optical vortex.


title:
Virtually free pro-p groups whose torsion elements have finite
  centralizer

abstract:
  A finitely generated virtually free pro-p group with finite centralizers of
its torsion elements is the free pro-p product of finite p-groups and a free
pro-p factor.


title: High-energy Massive String Scatterings from Orientifold Planes

abstract:
  We calculate bosonic massive closed string states at arbitrary mass levels
scattered from Orientifold planes in the high-energy, fixed angle limit. For
the case of O-particle scatterings, we obtain infinite linear relations among
high-energy scattering amplitudes of different string states. We also confirm
that there exist only closed string Regge poles in the form factor of the
O-particle amplitudes as expected. For the case of O-domain-wall scatterings,
we find that, like the well-known D-instanton scatterings, the amplitudes
behave like field theory scatterings, namely UV power-law without infinite
Regge poles. In addition, we discover that there exist only finite number of
t-channel closed string poles in the form factor of O-domain-wall scatterings,
and the masses of the poles are bounded by the masses of the external legs. We
thus confirm that all massive closed string states do couple to the
O-domain-wall.


title: \Upsilon(1s)-->\gamma(\eta',\eta) decays

abstract:
  The decays of $\Upsilon(1s)\to\gamma(\eta',\eta)$ are studied by an approach
which has successfully predicted the ratio
$\frac{\Gamma(J/\psi\to\gamma\eta')}{\Gamma(J/\psi\to\gamma\eta)}$. Strong
dependence on quark mass has been found in the decays $(J/\psi,
\Upsilon(1s))\to\gamma(\eta',\eta)$. Very small decay rates of
$\Upsilon(1s)\to\gamma(\eta',\eta)$ are predicted.


title: Quantum Cryptography Protocol Based on Sending Entangled Qubit Pairs

abstract:
  The quantum key distribution protocol BB84, published by C. H. Bennett and G.
Brassard in 1984, describes how two spatially separated parties can generate a
random bit string fully known only to them by transmission of single-qubit
quantum states. Any attempt to eavesdrop on the protocol introduces disturbance
which can be detected by the legitimate parties. In this Master's Thesis a
novel modification to the BB84 protocol is analyzed. Instead of sending single
particles one-by-one as in BB84, they are grouped and a non-local
transformation is applied to each group before transmission. Each particle is
sent to the intended receiver, always delaying the transmission until the
receiver has acknowledged the previous particle on an authenticated classical
channel, restricting eavesdropping to accessing the quantum transmission one
particle at a time. Hence, an eavesdropper cannot undo the non-local
transformation perfectly. Even if perfect cloning of quantum states was
possible the state of the group could not be cloned. We calculate the maximal
information on the established key provided by an intercept-resend attack and
the induced disturbance for different transformations. We observe that it is
possible to significantly reduce the eavesdropper's maximal information on the
key--to one eighth of that in BB84 for a fixed, reasonable amount of
disturbance. We also show that the individual access to the particles poses a
fundamental restriction to the eavesdropper, and discuss a novel attack type
against the proposed protocol.


title: Computer algebra in systems biology

abstract:
  Systems biology focuses on the study of entire biological systems rather than
on their individual components. With the emergence of high-throughput data
generation technologies for molecular biology and the development of advanced
mathematical modeling techniques, this field promises to provide important new
insights. At the same time, with the availability of increasingly powerful
computers, computer algebra has developed into a useful tool for many
applications. This article illustrates the use of computer algebra in systems
biology by way of a well-known gene regulatory network, the Lac Operon in the
bacterium E. coli.


title: Non Planar Topological 3-Vertex Formalism

abstract:
  Using embedding of complex curves in the complex projective plane $\bf{P
}^{2}$, we develop a \emph{non planar} topological 3-vertex formalism for
topological strings on the family of local Calabi-Yau threefolds $X^{(m,-m,0)
}=\mathcal{O}(m)\oplus \mathcal{O}(-m)\to E^{(t,\infty)}$. The base
$E^{(t,\infty)}$ stands for the degenerate elliptic curve with Kahler parameter
$t$; but a large complex structure $\mu $; i.e $| \mu | \longrightarrow \infty
$. We also give first results regarding A-model topological string amplitudes
on $X^{(m,-m,0)}$. The 2D $U(1) $ gauged $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric sigma
models of the degenerate elliptic curve $ E^{(t,\infty)}$ as well as for the
family $X^{(m,-m,0)}$ are studied and the role of D- and F-terms is explicitly
exhibited.


abstract:
  Weighted histogram in Monte-Carlo simulations is often used for the
estimation of a probability density function. It is obtained as a result of
random experiment with random events that have weights. In this paper the bin
contents of weighted histogram are considered as a sum of random variables with
random number of terms. Goodness of fit tests for weighted histograms and for
weighted histograms with unknown normalization are proposed. Sizes and powers
of the tests are investigated numerically.


title:
The one-dimensional stratum in the boundary of the moduli stack of
  stable curves

abstract:
  The moduli stack of Deligne-Mumford stable curves of genus g admits a
stratification, so that the number of nodes of the curves belonging to one
stratum is constant. The irreducible components of the stratum corresponding to
curves with exactly 3g-4 nodes are one-dimensional substacks. We show how they
can be related to moduli stacks of (permutation classes of) pointed stable
curves. Using this, we construct all components of this stratum in a new way as
quotient stacks.


title:
Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking from Meta-stable Vacua in an N=1
  Supersymmetric Gauge Theory

abstract:
  We investigate supersymmetry breaking meta-stable vacua in N=2, SU(2)\times
U(1) gauge theory with N_f=2 massless flavors perturbed by the addition of
small N=1 preserving mass terms in a presence of a Fayet-Iliopoulos term. We
derive the low energy effective theory by using the exact results of N=2
supersymmetric QCD and examine the effective potential. At the classical level,
the theory has supersymmetric vacua on Coulomb and Higgs branches. We find that
supersymmetry on the Coulomb branch is dynamically broken as a consequence of
the strong dynamics of SU(2) gauge symmetry while the supersymmetric vacuum on
the Higgs branch remains. We also estimate the lifetimes of the local minima on
the Coulomb branch. We find that they are sufficiently long and therefore the
local vacua we find are meta-stable.


title: Determinants of elliptic hypergeometric integrals

abstract:
  We start from an interpretation of the $BC_2$-symmetric "Type I" (elliptic
Dixon) elliptic hypergeometric integral evaluation as a formula for a
Casoratian of the elliptic hypergeometric equation, and give an extension to
higher-dimensional integrals and higher-order hypergeometric functions. This
allows us to prove the corresponding elliptic beta integral and transformation
formula in a new way, by proving both sides satisfy the same difference
equations, and that the difference equations satisfy a Galois-theoretical
condition that ensures uniqueness of simultaneous solution.


title:
Homology of the mapping class group for surfaces of genus 2 with
  boundary

abstract:
  We report on the computation of the integral homology of the mapping class
group of genus g surfaces with one boundary curve and m punctures, when 2g + m
is smaller than 6. In particular, it includes the genus 2 case with no or one
puncture.


title: On 3-decomposable geometric drawings of $K_n$

abstract:
  The point sets of all known optimal rectilinear drawings of $K_n$ share an
unmistakeable clustering property, the so--called {\em 3--decomposability}. It
is widely believed that the underlying point sets of all optimal rectilinear
drawings of $K_n$ are 3--decomposable. We give a lower bound for the minimum
number of $(\le k)$--sets in a 3--decomposable $n$--point set. As an immediate
corollary, we obtain a lower bound for the crossing number $\rcr(\dd)$ of any
rectilinear drawing $\dd$ of $K_n$ with underlying 3--decomposable point set,
namely $\rcr(\dd) > {2/27}(15-\pi^{2})\binom{n}{4}+\Theta(n^{3}) \approx
0.380029\binom{n}{4} + \Theta(n^3)$. This closes this gap between the best
known lower and upper bounds for the rectilinear crossing number $\rcr(K_n)$ of
$K_n$ by over 40%, under the assumption of 3--decomposability.


title: Rank-ordered Multifractal Spectrum for Intermittent Fluctuations

abstract:
  We describe a new method that is both physically explicable and
quantitatively accurate in describing the multifractal characteristics of
intermittent events based on groupings of rank-ordered fluctuations. The
generic nature of such rank-ordered spectrum leads it to a natural connection
with the concept of one-parameter scaling for monofractals. We demonstrate this
technique using results obtained from a 2D MHD simulation. The calculated
spectrum suggests a crossover from the near Gaussian characteristics of small
amplitude fluctuations to the extreme intermittent state of large rare events.


title: Nucleosynthesis in O-Ne-Mg Supernovae

abstract:
  We have studied detailed nucleosynthesis in the shocked surface layers of an
Oxygen-Neon-Magnesium core collapse supernova with an eye to determining if the
conditions are suitable for r process nucleosynthesis. We find no such
conditions in an unmodified model, but do find overproduction of N=50 nuclei
(previously seen in early neutron-rich neutrino winds) in amounts that, if
ejected, would pose serious problems for galactic chemical evolution.


title: Two dogmas about quantum mechanics

abstract:
  We argue that the intractable part of the measurement problem -- the 'big'
measurement problem -- is a pseudo-problem that depends for its legitimacy on
the acceptance of two dogmas. The first dogma is John Bell's assertion that
measurement should never be introduced as a primitive process in a fundamental
mechanical theory like classical or quantum mechanics, but should always be
open to a complete analysis, in principle, of how the individual outcomes come
about dynamically. The second dogma is the view that the quantum state has an
ontological significance analogous to the significance of the classical state
as the 'truthmaker' for propositions about the occurrence and non-occurrence of
events, i.e., that the quantum state is a representation of physical reality.
We show how both dogmas can be rejected in a realist information-theoretic
interpretation of quantum mechanics as an alternative to the Everett
interpretation. The Everettian, too, regards the 'big' measurement problem as a
pseudo-problem, because the Everettian rejects the assumption that measurements
have definite outcomes, in the sense that one particular outcome, as opposed to
other possible outcomes, actually occurs in a quantum measurement process. By
contrast with the Everettians, we accept that measurements have definite
outcomes. By contrast with the Bohmians and the GRW 'collapse' theorists who
add structure to the theory and propose dynamical solutions to the 'big'
measurement problem, we take the problem to arise from the failure to see the
significance of Hilbert space as a new kinematic framework for the physics of
an indeterministic universe, in the sense that Hilbert space imposes kinematic
(i.e., pre-dynamic) objective probabilistic constraints on correlations between
events.


title:
The skew spectrum of functions on finite groups and their homogeneous
  spaces

abstract:
  Whenever we have a group acting on a class of functions by translation, the
bispectrum offers a principled and lossless way of representing such functions
invariant to the action. Unfortunately, computing the bispectrum is often
costly and complicated. In this paper we propose a unitarily equivalent, but
easier to compute set of invariants, which we call the skew spectrum. For
functions on homogeneous spaces the skew spectrum can be efficiently computed
using some ideas from Clausen-type fast Fourier transforms.


title:
Physical parameters and basis transformations in the Two-Higgs-Doublet
  model

abstract:
  A direct connection between physical parameters of general Two-Higgs-Doublet
Model (2HDM) potentials after electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and the
parameters that define the potentials before EWSB is established. These
physical parameters, such as the mass matrix of the neutral Higgs bosons, have
well defined transformation properties under basis transformations transposed
to the fields after EWSB. The relations are also explicitly written in a basis
covariant form. Violation of these relations may indicate models beyond 2HDMs.
In certain cases the whole potential can be defined in terms of the physical
parameters. The distinction between basis transformations and
reparametrizations is pointed out. Some physical implications are discussed.


title: Illustrative Model for Parity Doubling of Energy Levels

abstract:
  A one-dimensional quantum mechanical model possessing mass gap, a gapless
excitation, and an approximate parity doubling of energy levels is constructed
basing on heuristic QCD-inspired arguments. The model may serve for
illustrative purposes in considering the related dynamical phenomena in
particle and nuclear physics.


title:
Two-dimensional Schr\"odinger Hamiltonians with Effective Mass in SUSY
  Approach

abstract:
  The general solution of SUSY intertwining relations of first order for
two-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators with position-dependent (effective)
mass is built in terms of four arbitrary functions. The procedure of separation
of variables for the constructed potentials is demonstrated in general form.
The generalization for intertwining of second order is also considered. The
general solution for a particular form of intertwining operator is found, its
properties - symmetry, irreducibility, separation of variables - are
investigated.


title: Magnetic field production during preheating at the electroweak scale

abstract:
  We study the generation of magnetic fields during preheating within an
scenario of hybrid inflation at the electroweak (EW) scale. We find that the
non-perturbative and strongly out-of-equilibrium process of magnetic field
production occurs along the lines predicted by Vachaspati many years ago. The
system starts in the false vacuum at the end of inflation, and very quickly the
initial quantum fluctuations of the Higgs field get amplified via long
wavelength spinodal instabilities. The subsequent nucleation of the random
Gaussian Higgs field bubbles (lumps) leads to EW symmetry breaking, and to the
creation of $Z$-strings, which soon decay, along with longwave magnetic flux
tubes with nontrivial helicity. The intensity and scales in these helical
magnetic fields are consistent with their later development into the microgauss
fields observed in galaxies and clusters of galaxies.


title: 3D Distribution of Molecular Gas in the Barred Milky Way

abstract:
  We present a new model of the three-dimensional distribution of molecular gas
in the Milky Way Galaxy, based on CO line data. Our analysis is based on a
gas-flow simulation of the inner Galaxy using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
(SPH) using a realistic barred gravitional potential derived from the observed
COBE/DIRBE near-IR light distribution. The gas model prescribes the gas orbits
much better than a simple circular rotation model and is highly constrained by
observations, but it cannot predict local details. In this study, we provide a
3D map of the observed molecular gas distribution using the velocity field from
the SPH model. A comparison with studies of the Galactic Center region suggests
that the main structures are reproduced but somewhat stretched along the
line-of-sight, probably on account of limited resolution of the underlying SPH
simulation. The gas model will be publicly available and may prove useful in a
number of applications, among them the analysis of diffuse gamma-ray emission
as measured with GLAST.


title:
Coherence thresholds in models of language change and evolution: the
  effects of noise, dynamics and network of interactions

abstract:
  A simple model of language evolution, proposed in \cite{K_N}, is
characterized by a pay-off in communicative function, and by an error in
learning, that measures the accuracy in language acquisition. In the mean field
approximation, this model exhibits a critical coherence threshold, i.e. a
minimal accuracy in the learning process is required to maintain linguistic
coherence. In this work, we analyse in detail the effects of different fitness
based dynamics driving linguistic coherence and of the network of interactions
on the nature of the coherence threshold, by performing numerical simulations
and theoretical analyses of generalized replicator-mutator dynamics in
populations with two types of structure: fully connected networks and regular
random graphs. We find that although the threshold of the replicator-mutator
evolutionary model is robust with respect to the structure of the network of
contacts, the coherence threshold of related fitness driven models may be
strongly affected by this feature.


title:
A singular perturbation problem for a quasilinear operator satisfying
  the natural growth condition of Lieberman

abstract:
  In this paper we study the following problem. For any $\ep>0$, take $u^{\ep}$
a solution of, $$
  \L u^{\ep}:= {div}\Big(\di\frac {g(|\nabla \uep|)}{|\nabla \uep|}\nabla
\uep\Big)=\beta_{\ep}(u^{\ep}),\quad u^{\ep}\geq 0. $$
  A solution to $(P_{\ep})$ is a function $u^{\ep}\in W^{1,G}(\Omega)\cap
L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ such that $$ \int_{\Omega} g(|\nabla u^{\ep}|) \frac{\nabla
u^{\ep}}{|\nabla u^{\ep}|} \nabla \phi dx =-\int_{\Omega} \phi
\beta_{\ep}(u^{\ep}) dx $$ for every $\phi \in C_0^{\infty}(\Omega)$.
  Here $\beta_{\ep}(s)= \frac{1}{\ep} \beta(\frac{s}{\ep}), $ with $\beta\in
{Lip}(\R)$, $\beta>0$ in $(0,1)$ and $\beta=0$ otherwise.
  We are interested in the limiting problem, when $\ep\to 0$. As in previous
work with $\L=\Delta$ or $\L=\Delta_p$ we prove, under appropriate assumptions,
that any limiting function is a weak solution to a free boundary problem.
Moreover, for nondegenerate limits we prove that the reduced free boundary is a
$C^{1,\alpha}$ surface. This result is new even for $\Delta_p$.
  Throughout the paper we assume that $g$ satisfies the conditions introduced
by G. Lieberman in \cite{Li1}


title: Hyperbolic dimension and radial Julia sets of transcendental functions

abstract:
  We survey the definition of the radial Julia set of a meromorphic function
(in fact, more generally, any "Ahlfors islands map"), and give a simple proof
that the Hausdorff dimension of the reduced Julia set always coincides with the
hyperbolic dimension.


title: Extragalactic Jets: Reflections on the 2007 Alaska Conference

abstract:
  I review some of the important and exciting recent advances that were
presented at the 2007 conference on Extragalactic Jets in Girdwood, Alaska,
using as a framework the scientific challenges presented by R. Blandford at the
beginning of the meeting. Sprinkled throughout are thoughts about the marvelous
prospects for jets in the next several years, as a host of new observatories
mature and simulations reach new levels of sophistication.


title: Gravity Dual to Pure Confining Gauge Theory

abstract:
  We find a dual gravity theory to pure confining N=1 supersymmetric SU(N)
gauge theory in four dimensions which has the correct gauge coupling running in
addition to reproducing the appropriate pattern of chiral symmetry breaking. It
is constructed in type IIB string theory on R^{1,3} X R^1 X S^2 X S^3
background with N number of electric D5 and 2N number of magnetic D7-branes
filling four dimensional spacetime and wrapping respectively two and four
cycles.


title: Charge form factors and nucleon shape

abstract:
  To obtain further information on the geometric shape of the nucleon, the
proton charge form factor is decomposed into two terms, which are connected
respectively with a spherically symmetric and an intrinsic quadrupole part of
the proton's charge density. Quark model relations are employed to derive
expressions for both terms. In particular, the proton's intrinsic quadrupole
form factor is obtained from a relation between the N -> Delta and neutron
charge form factors. The proposed decomposition shows that the neutron charge
form factor is an observable manifestation of an intrinsic quadrupole form
factor of the nucleon. Furthermore, it affords an interpretation of recent
electron-nucleon scattering data in terms of a nonspherical distribution of
quark-antiquark pairs in the nucleon.


title: Status of FNAL SciBooNE experiment

abstract:
  SciBooNE is a new experiment at FNAL which will make precision
neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements in the one GeV region. These
measurements are essential for the future neutrino oscillation experiments. We
started data taking in the antineutrino mode on June 8, 2007, and collected
5.19 \times 10^{19} protons on target (POT) before the accelerator shutdown in
August. The first data from SciBooNE are reported in this article.


title: Blue Straggler Stars in the Unusual Globular Cluster NGC 6388

abstract:
  We have used multi-band high resolution HST WFPC2 and ACS observations
combined with wide field ground-based observations to study the blue straggler
star (BSS) population in the galactic globular cluster NGC 6388. As in several
other clusters we have studied, the BSS distribution is found to be bimodal:
highly peaked in the cluster center, rapidly decreasing at intermediate radii,
and rising again at larger radii. In other clusters the sparsely populated
intermediate-radius region (or ``zone of avoidance'') corresponds well to that
part of the cluster where dynamical friction would have caused the more massive
BSS or their binary progenitors to settle to the cluster center. Instead, in
NGC 6388, BSS still populate a region that should have been cleaned out by
dynamical friction effects, thus suggesting that dynamical friction is somehow
less efficient than expected. As by-product of these observations, the peculiar
morphology of the horizontal branch (HB) is also confirmed. In particular,
within the (very extended) blue portion of the HB we are able to clearly
characterize three sub-populations: ordinary blue HB stars, extreme HB stars,
and blue hook stars. Each of these populations has a radial distribution which
is indistinguishable from normal cluster stars.


title: Online EM Algorithm for Latent Data Models

abstract:
  In this contribution, we propose a generic online (also sometimes called
adaptive or recursive) version of the Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm
applicable to latent variable models of independent observations. Compared to
the algorithm of Titterington (1984), this approach is more directly connected
to the usual EM algorithm and does not rely on integration with respect to the
complete data distribution. The resulting algorithm is usually simpler and is
shown to achieve convergence to the stationary points of the Kullback-Leibler
divergence between the marginal distribution of the observation and the model
distribution at the optimal rate, i.e., that of the maximum likelihood
estimator. In addition, the proposed approach is also suitable for conditional
(or regression) models, as illustrated in the case of the mixture of linear
regressions model.


title: Two remarks on the local Hamiltonian problem

abstract:
  In this note we present two natural restrictions of the local Hamiltonian
problem which are BQP-complete under Karp reduction. Restrictions complete for
QCMA, QMA_1, and MA were demonstrated previously.


title: Information retrieval from a phoneme time series database

abstract:
  Developing fast and efficient algorithms for retrieval of objects to a given
user query is an area of active research. The present study investigates
retrieval of time series objects from a phoneme database to a given user
pattern or query. The proposed method maps the one-dimensional time series
retrieval into a sequence retrieval problem by partitioning the
multi-dimensional phase-space using k-means clustering. The problem of whole
sequence as well as subsequence matching is considered. Robustness of the
proposed technique is investigated on phoneme time series corrupted with
additive white Gaussian noise. The shortcoming of classical power-spectral
techniques for time series retrieval is also discussed.


title: Excursion sets of stable random fields

abstract:
  Studying the geometry generated by Gaussian and Gaussian- related random
fields via their excursion sets is now a well developed and well understood
subject. The purely non-Gaussian scenario has, however, not been studied at
all. In this paper we look at three classes of stable random fields, and obtain
asymptotic formulae for the mean values of various geometric characteristics of
their excursion sets over high levels.
  While the formulae are asymptotic, they contain enough information to show
that not only do stable random fields exhibit geometric behaviour very
different from that of Gaussian fields, but they also differ significantly
among themselves.


title: The Gaugings of Maximal D=6 Supergravity

abstract:
  We construct the most general gaugings of the maximal D=6 supergravity. The
theory is (2,2) supersymmetric, and possesses an on-shell SO(5,5) duality
symmetry which plays a key role in determining its couplings. The field content
includes 16 vector fields that carry a chiral spinor representation of the
duality group. We utilize the embedding tensor method which determines the
appropriate combinations of these vectors that participate in gauging of a
suitable subgroup of SO(5,5). The construction also introduces the magnetic
duals of the 5 two-form potentials and 16 vector fields.


title:
Algebra of transfer-matrices and Yang-Baxter equations on the string
  worldsheet in AdS(5) x S(5)

abstract:
  Integrability of the string worldsheet theory in AdS(5) x S(5) is related to
the existence of a flat connection depending on the spectral parameter. The
transfer matrix is the open-ended Wilson line of this flat connection. We study
the product of transfer matrices in the near-flat space expansion of the AdS(5)
x S(5) string theory in the pure spinor formalism. The natural operations on
Wilson lines with insertions are described in terms of r- and s-matrices
satisfying a generalized classical Yang-Baxter equation. The formalism is
especially transparent for infinite or closed Wilson lines with simple gauge
invariant insertions.


title: Disjointness is hard in the multi-party number on the forehead model

abstract:
  We show that disjointness requires randomized communication
Omega(n^{1/(k+1)}/2^{2^k}) in the general k-party number-on-the-forehead model
of complexity. The previous best lower bound for k >= 3 was log(n)/(k-1). Our
results give a separation between nondeterministic and randomized multiparty
number-on-the-forehead communication complexity for up to k=log log n - O(log
log log n) many players. Also by a reduction of Beame, Pitassi, and Segerlind,
these results imply subexponential lower bounds on the size of proofs needed to
refute certain unsatisfiable CNFs in a broad class of proof systems, including
tree-like Lovasz-Schrijver proofs.


title: Dynamics of emergent Cooper pairing at finite temperatures

abstract:
  We study the time evolution of a system of fermions with pairing interactions
at a finite temperature. The dynamics is triggered by an abrupt increase of the
BCS coupling constant. We show that if initially the fermions are in a normal
phase, the amplitude of the BCS order parameter averaged over the Boltzman
distribution of initial states exhibits damped oscillations with a relatively
short decay time. The latter is determined by the temperature, the
single-particle level spacing, and the ground state value of the BCS gap for
the new coupling. In contrast, the decay is essentially absent when the system
was in a superfluid phase before the coupling increase.


title:
Letter to the Editor of Sky and Telescope Concerning Galileo's
  Observations of Mizar

abstract:
  Work published in Sky and Telescope in 2004 discusses Galileo's observations
of the star Mizar. These observations raise questions regarding Galileo's
assumptions about the universe and the conclusions he drew from his
observations. Galileo would have expected Mizar to reveal annual parallax and
thus provide evidence of Earth's motion, but Mizar shows no such parallax.


title: On 1-Harmonic Functions

abstract:
  Characterizations of entire subsolutions for the 1-harmonic equation of a
constant 1$-tension field are given with applications in geometry via
transformation group theory. In particular, we prove that every level
hypersurface of such a subsolution is calibrated and hence is area-minimizing
over $\mathbb{R}$; and every 7-dimensional $SO(2)\times SO(6)$-invariant
absolutely area-minimizing integral current in $\mathbb{R}^8$ is real analytic.
The assumption on the $SO(2) \times SO(6)$-invariance cannot be removed, due to
the first counter-example in $\mathbb{R}^8$, proved by Bombieri, De Girogi and
Giusti.


title: XO-3b: A Massive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting an F5V Star

abstract:
  We report the discovery of a massive (Mpsini = 13.02 +/- 0.64 Mjup; total
mass 13.25 +/- 0.64 Mjup), large (1.95 +/- 0.16 Rjup) planet in a transiting,
eccentric orbit (e = 0.260 +/- 0.017) around a 10th magnitude F5V star in the
constellation Camelopardalis. We designate the planet XO-3b, and the star XO-3,
also known as GSC 03727-01064. The orbital period of XO-3b is 3.1915426 +/-
0.00014 days. XO-3 lacks a trigonometric distance; we estimate its distance to
be 260 +/- 23 pc. The radius of XO-3 is 2.13 +/- 0.21 Rsun, its mass is 1.41
+/- 0.08 Msun, its vsini = 18.54 +/- 0.17 km/s, and its metallicity is [Fe/H] =
-0.177 +/- 0.027. This system is unusual for a number of reasons. XO-3b is one
of the most massive planets discovered around any star for which the orbital
period is less than 10 days. The mass is near the deuterium burning limit of 13
Mjup, which is a proposed boundary between planets and brown dwarfs. Although
Burrows et al. (2001) propose that formation in a disk or formation in the
interstellar medium in a manner similar to stars is a more logical way to
differentiate planets and brown dwarfs, our current observations are not
adequate to address this distinction. XO-3b is also unusual in that its
eccentricity is large given its relatively short orbital period. Both the
planetary radius and the inclination are functions of the spectroscopically
determined stellar radius. Analysis of the transit light curve of XO-3b
suggests that the spectroscopically derived parameters may be over estimated.
Though relatively noisy, the light curves favor a smaller radius in order to
better match the steepness of the ingress and egress. The light curve fits
imply a planetary radius of 1.25 +/- 0.15 Rjup, which would correspond to a
mass of 12.03 +/- 0.46 Mjup.


title:
The $p_{x,y}$-orbital counterpart of graphene: cold atoms in the
  honeycomb optical lattice

abstract:
  We study the ground state properties of the interacting spinless fermions in
the $p_{x,y}$-orbital bands in the two dimensional honeycomb optical lattice,
which exhibit different novel features from those in the $p_z$-orbital system
of graphene. In addition to two dispersive bands with Dirac cones, the
tight-binding band structure exhibits another two completely flat bands over
the entire Brillouin zone. With the realistic sinusoidal optical potential, the
flat bands acquire a finite but much smaller band width compared to the
dispersive bands. The band flatness dramatically enhanced interaction effects
giving rise to various charge and bond ordered states at commensurate fillings
of $n=\frac{i}{6} (i=1 \sim 6)$. At $n=1/6$, the many-body ground states can be
exactly solved as the close packed hexagon states which can be stabilized even
in the weak interacting regime. The dimerization of bonding strength occurs at
both $n=1/2$ and 5/6, and the latter case is accompanied with the charge
density wave of holes. The trimerization of bonding strength and charge
inhomogeneity appear at $n={1/3},{2/3}$. These crystalline orders exhibit
themselves in the noise correlations of the time of flight spectra.


title:
Nucleon and Delta resonances in K Sigma(1385) photoproduction from
  nucleons

abstract:
  The reaction mechanisms for $K\Sigma(1385)$ photoproduction from the reaction
$\gamma p \to K^+\Sigma^{0}(1385)$ in the resonance energy region are
investigated in a hadronic model. Both contributions from $N$ and $\Delta$
resonances of masses around 2 GeV as given in the Review of Particle Data Group
and by the quark model predictions are included. The Lagrangians for describing
the decays of these resonances into $K\Sigma(1385)$ are constructed with the
coupling constants determined from the decay amplitudes predicted by a quark
model. Comparing the resulting total cross section for the reaction $\gamma p
\to K^+\Sigma^{0}(1385)$ with the preliminary data from the Thomas Jefferson
National Accelerator Facility, we find that the most important contributions
are from the two-star rated resonances $\Delta(2000) F_{35}$, $\Delta(1940)
D_{33}$, and $N(2080) D_{13}$, as well as the missing resonance
$N\frac32^-(2095)$ predicted in the quark model. Predictions on the
differential cross section and photon asymmetry in this reaction are also
given.


title: How to measure the effective action for disordered systems

abstract:
  In contrast to standard critical phenomena, disordered systems need to be
treated via the Functional Renormalization Group. The latter leads to a coarse
grained disorder landscape, which after a finite renormalization becomes
non-analytic, thus overcoming the predictions of the seemingly exact
dimensional reduction. We review recent progress on how the non-analytic
effective action can be measured both in simulations and experiments, and
confront theory with numerical work.


title: M-branes on U-folds

abstract:
  We give a preliminary discussion of how the addition of extra coordinates in
M-theory, which together with the original ones parametrise a U-fold, can serve
as a tool for formulating brane dynamics with manifest U-duality. The redundant
degrees of freedom are removed by generalised self-duality constraints or
calibration conditions made possible by the algebraic structure of U-duality.
This is the written version of an invited talk at the 7th International
Workshop "Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries", Dubna, July 30-August 4,
2007.


title: Voter Models on Heterogeneous Networks

abstract:
  We study simple interacting particle systems on heterogeneous networks,
including the voter model and the invasion process. These are both two-state
models in which in an update event an individual changes state to agree with a
neighbor. For the voter model, an individual "imports" its state from a
randomly-chosen neighbor. Here the average time T_N to reach consensus for a
network of N nodes with an uncorrelated degree distribution scales as N
mu_1^2/mu_2, where mu_k is the kth moment of the degree distribution. Quick
consensus thus arises on networks with broad degree distributions. We also
identify the conservation law that characterizes the route by which consensus
is reached. Parallel results are derived for the invasion process, in which the
state of an agent is "exported" to a random neighbor. We further generalize to
biased dynamics in which one state is favored. The probability for a single
fitter mutant located at a node of degree k to overspread the population--the
fixation probability--is proportional to k for the voter model and to 1/k for
the invasion process.


title: FLCT: A Fast, Efficient Method for Performing Local Correlation Tracking

abstract:
  We describe the computational techniques employed in the recently updated
Fourier local correlation tracking (FLCT) method. The FLCT code is then
evaluated using a series of simple, 2D, known flow patterns that test its
accuracy and characterize its errors.


title: Updating Probabilities: A Complex Agent Based Example

abstract:
  It has been shown that one can accommodate data (Bayes) and constraints
(MaxEnt) in one method, the method of Maximum (relative) Entropy (ME) (Giffin
2007). In this paper we show a complex agent based example of inference with
two different forms of information; moments and data. In this example, several
agents each receive partial information about a system in the form of data. In
addition, each agent agrees or is informed that there are certain global
constraints on the system that are always true. The agents are then asked to
make inferences about the entire system. The system becomes more complex as we
add agents and allow them to share information. This system can have a
geometrical form, such as a crystal structure. The shape may dictate how the
agents are able to share information, such as sharing with nearest neighbors.
This method can be used to model many systems where the agents or cells have
local or partial information but must adhere to some global rules. This could
also illustrate how the agents evolve and could illuminate emergent behavior of
the system.

categories: stat.ME cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.AO physics.bio-ph physics.data-an q-bio.MN stat.AP


title: Sampling of min-entropy relative to quantum knowledge

abstract:
  Let X_1, ..., X_n be a sequence of n classical random variables and consider
a sample of r positions selected at random. Then, except with (exponentially in
r) small probability, the min-entropy of the sample is not smaller than,
roughly, a fraction r/n of the total min-entropy of all positions X_1, ...,
X_n, which is optimal. Here, we show that this statement, originally proven by
Vadhan [LNCS, vol. 2729, Springer, 2003] for the purely classical case, is
still true if the min-entropy is measured relative to a quantum system. Because
min-entropy quantifies the amount of randomness that can be extracted from a
given random variable, our result can be used to prove the soundness of locally
computable extractors in a context where side information might be
quantum-mechanical. In particular, it implies that key agreement in the
bounded-storage model (using a standard sample-and-hash protocol) is fully
secure against quantum adversaries, thus solving a long-standing open problem.


title: Solving topological defects via fusion

abstract:
  Integrable defects in two-dimensional integrable models are purely
transmitting thus topological. By fusing them to integrable boundaries new
integrable boundary conditions can be generated, and, from the comparison of
the two solved boundary theories, explicit solutions of defect models can be
extracted. This idea is used to determine the transmission factors and defect
energies of topological defects in sinh-Gordon and Lee-Yang models. The
transmission factors are checked in Lagrangian perturbation theory in the
sinh-Gordon case, while the defect energies are checked against defect
thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations derived to describe the ground-state
energy of diagonal defect systems on a cylinder. Defect bootstrap equations are
also analyzed and are closed by determining the spectrum of defect bound-states
in the Lee-Yang model.


title:
QCD Nuclear Factor and the Moments of the Multiplicity Distributions in
  High-Order Perturbative Gluodynamics

abstract:
  The equation of gluodynamics with modified integral kernel is solved up to
2NLO (next-to-next-to-leading order) and 3NLO (next-to-next-to-next-to-leading
order) in perturbative QCD. A relationship between the nuclear factor Ns and
the ratio of the cumulant and factorial moments of the multiplicity
distribution is examined. A comparison of theoretical results and experimental
data in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at 200A GeV and 546A GeV is carried out.


title: Hyperbolic Geometry and Distance Functions on Discrete Groups

abstract:
  Chapter 1 is a short history of non-Euclidean geometry, which synthesises my
readings of mostly secondary sources. Chapter 2 presents each of the main
models of hyperbolic geometry, and describes the tesselation of the upper
half-plane induced by the action of $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. Chapter 3 gives
background on symmetric spaces and word metrics. Chapter 4 then contains a
careful proof of the following theorem of Lubotzky--Mozes--Raghunathan: the
word metric on $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ is not Lipschitz equivalent to the metric
induced by its action on the associated symmetric space (the upper half-plane),
but for $n \geq 3$, these two metrics on $PSL(n,\mathbb{Z})$ are Lipschitz
equivalent.


title:
Short Rational Generating Functions For Multiobjective Linear Integer
  Programming

abstract:
  This paper presents algorithms for solving multiobjective integer programming
problems. The algorithm uses Barvinok's rational functions of the polytope that
defines the feasible region and provides as output the entire set of
nondominated solutions for the problem. Theoretical complexity results on the
algorithm are provided in the paper. Specifically, we prove that encoding the
entire set of nondominated solutions of the problem is polynomially doable,
when the dimension of the decision space is fixed. In addition, we provide
polynomial delay algorithms for enumerating this set. An implementation of the
algorithm shows that it is useful for solving multiobjective integer linear
programs.


title:
Letters from William Burnside to Robert Fricke: Automorphic Functions,
  and the Emergence of the Burnside Problem

abstract:
  Two letters from William Burnside have recently been found in the Nachlass of
Robert Fricke that contain instances of Burnside's Problem prior to its first
publication. We present these letters as a whole to the public for the first
time. We draw a picture of these two mathematicians and describe their
activities leading to their correspondence. We thus gain an insight into their
respective motivations, reactions, and attitudes, which may sharpen the current
understanding of professional and social interactions of the mathematical
community at the turn of the 20th century.