title: Unitarily invariant norms related to factors

abstract:
  Let $\M$ be a semi-finite factor and let $\J(\M)$ be the set of operators $T$
in $\M$ such that $T=ETE$ for some finite projection $E$. In this paper we
obtain a representation theorem for unitarily invariant norms on $\J(\M)$ in
terms of Ky Fan norms. As an application, we prove that the class of unitarily
invariant norms on $\J(\M)$ coincides with the class of symmetric gauge norms
on a classical abelian algebra, which generalizes von Neumann's classical
result \cite{vN} on unitarily invariant norms on $M_n(\cc)$. As another
application, Ky Fan's dominance theorem \cite{Fan} is obtained for semi-finite
factors. Some classical results in non-commutative $L^p$-theory (e.g.,
non-commutative H$\ddot{\text{o}}$lder's inequality, duality and reflexivity of
non-commutative $L^p$-spaces) are extended to general unitarily invariant norms
related to semi-finite factors. We also prove that up to a scale the operator
norm is the unique unitarily invariant norm associated to a type ${\rm III}$
factor.


title:
Thermal rectification in carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions:
  Molecular dynamics calculations

abstract:
  We study heat conduction in (n, 0)/(2n, 0) intramolecular junctions by using
molecular dynamics method. It is found that the heat conduction is asymmetric,
namely, heat transports preferably in one direction. This phenomenon is also
called thermal rectification. The rectification is weakly dependent on the
detailed structure of connection part, but is strongly dependent on the
temperature gradient. We also study the effect of the tube radius and
intramolecular junction length on the rectification. Our study shows that the
tensile stress can increase rectification. The physical mechanism of the
rectification is explained.


title: Importance Tempering

abstract:
  Simulated tempering (ST) is an established Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
method for sampling from a multimodal density $\pi(\theta)$. Typically, ST
involves introducing an auxiliary variable $k$ taking values in a finite subset
of $[0,1]$ and indexing a set of tempered distributions, say $\pi_k(\theta)
\propto \pi(\theta)^k$. In this case, small values of $k$ encourage better
mixing, but samples from $\pi$ are only obtained when the joint chain for
$(\theta,k)$ reaches $k=1$. However, the entire chain can be used to estimate
expectations under $\pi$ of functions of interest, provided that importance
sampling (IS) weights are calculated. Unfortunately this method, which we call
importance tempering (IT), can disappoint. This is partly because the most
immediately obvious implementation is na\"ive and can lead to high variance
estimators. We derive a new optimal method for combining multiple IS estimators
and prove that the resulting estimator has a highly desirable property related
to the notion of effective sample size. We briefly report on the success of the
optimal combination in two modelling scenarios requiring reversible-jump MCMC,
where the na\"ive approach fails.


title:
Deep optical observations of the interaction of the SS 433 microquasar
  jet with the W 50 radio continuum shell

abstract:
  Four mosaics of deep, continuum-subtracted, CCD images have been obtained
over the extensive galactic radio continuum shell, W 50, which surrounds the
remarkable stellar system SS 433. Two of these mosaics in the Halpha+[N II] and
[O III] 5007 A emission lines respectively cover a field of ~2.3 x 2.5 degr^2
which contains all of W 50 but at a low angular resolution of 5 arcsec. The
third and fourth mosaics cover the eastern (in [O III] 5007 A) and western (in
Halpha+[N II]) filamentary nebulosity respectively but at an angular resolution
of 1 arcsec. These observations are supplemented by new low dispersion spectra
and longslit, spatially resolved echelle spectra. The [O III] 5007 A images
show for the first time the distribution of this emission in both the eastern
and western filaments while new Halpha+[N II] emission features are also found
in both of these regions. Approaching flows of faintly emitting material from
the bright eastern filaments of up 100 km/s in radial velocity are detected.
The present observations also suggest that the heliocentric systemic radial
velocity of the whole system is 56+-2 km/s. Furthermore, very deep imagery and
high resolution spectroscopy of a small part of the northern radio ridge of W
50 has revealed for the first time the very faint optical nebulosity associated
with this edge. It is suggested that patchy foreground dust along the ~5 kpc
sightline is inhibiting the detection of all of the optical nebulosity
associated with W 50. The interaction of the microquasar jets of SS 433 with
the W 50 shell is discussed.


title:
Distinguishing cancerous from non-cancerous cells through analysis of
  electrical noise

abstract:
  Since 1984, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been used to
monitor cell behavior in tissue culture and has proven sensitive to cell
morphological changes and cell motility. We have taken ECIS measurements on
several cultures of non-cancerous (HOSE) and cancerous (SKOV) human ovarian
surface epithelial cells. By analyzing the noise in real and imaginary
electrical impedance, we demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish the two
cell types purely from signatures of their electrical noise. Our measures
include power-spectral exponents, Hurst and detrended fluctuation analysis, and
estimates of correlation time; principal-component analysis combines all the
measures. The noise from both cancerous and non-cancerous cultures shows
correlations on many time scales, but these correlations are stronger for the
non-cancerous cells.


title:
On the Brauer groups of quasilocal fields and the norm groups of their
  finite Galois extensions

abstract:
  This paper shows that divisible abelian torsion groups are realizable as
Brauer groups of quasilocal fields. It describes the isomorphism classes of
Brauer groups of primarily quasilocal fields and solves the analogous problem
concerning the reduced components of the Brauer groups of two basic types of
Henselian valued absolutely stable fields. For a quasilocal field E and a
finite separable extension R/E, we find two sufficient conditions for validity
of the norm group equality $N(R/E) = N(R_{0}/E)$, where R_{0} is the maximal
abelian extension of E in R. This is used for deriving information on the
arising specific relations between Galois groups and norm groups of finite
Galois extensions of E.


title: Balanced Superprojective Varieties

abstract:
  We first review the definition of superprojective spaces from the
functor-of-points perspective. We derive the relation between superprojective
spaces and supercosets in the framework of the theory of sheaves. As an
application of the geometry of superprojective spaces, we extend Donaldson's
definition of balanced manifolds to supermanifolds and we derive the new
conditions of a balanced supermanifold. We apply the construction to
superpoints viewed as submanifolds of superprojective spaces. We conclude with
a list of open issues and interesting problems that can be addressed in the
present context.


title:
ISW effect in Unified Dark Matter Scalar Field Cosmologies: an
  analytical approach

abstract:
  We perform an analytical study of the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect
within the framework of Unified Dark Matter models based on a scalar field
which aim at a unified description of dark energy and dark matter. Computing
the temperature power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies
we are able to isolate those contributions that can potentially lead to strong
deviations from the usual ISW effect occurring in a $\Lambda$CDM universe. This
helps to highlight the crucial role played by the sound speed in the Unified
Dark Matter models. Our treatment is completely general in that all the results
depend only on the speed of sound of the dark component and thus it can be
applied to a variety of unified models, including those which are not described
by a scalar field but relies on a single dark fluid.


title: Effect of Holstein phonons on the electronic properties of graphene

abstract:
  We obtain the self-energy of the electronic propagator due to the presence of
Holstein polarons within the first Born approximation. This leads to a
renormalization of the Fermi velocity of one percent. We further compute the
optical conductivity of the system at the Dirac point and at finite doping
within the Kubo-formula. We argue that the effects due to Holstein phonons are
negligible and that the Boltzmann approach which does not include inter-band
transition and can thus not treat optical phonons due to their high energy of
$\hbar\omega_0\sim0.1-0.2$eV, remains valid.


title:
Temperature of a Hamiltonian system given as the effective temperature
  of a non-equilibrium steady state Langevin thermostat

abstract:
  In non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) far from equilibrium, it is known
that the Einstein relation is violated. Then, the ratio of the diffusion
coefficient to the mobility is called an effective temperature, and the
physical relevance of this effective temperature has been studied in several
works. Although the physical relevance is not yet completely clear, it has been
found that the role of an effective temperature in NESS is indeed analogous to
that of the temperature in equilibrium systems in a number of respects. In this
paper, we find further evidence establishing this analogy. We employ a
non-equilibrium Langevin system as a thermostat for a Hamiltonian system and
find that the kinetic temperature of this Hamiltonian system is equal to the
effective temperature of the thermostat.


title:
Opening Remarks at Chiral Dynamics 2006:Experimental Tests of Chiral
  Symmetry Breaking

abstract:
  A physical introduction to the basics of chiral dynamics is presented.
Emphasis is placed on experimental tests which have generally demonstrated a
strong confirmation of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory, a low
energy effective field theory of QCD. Special attention is paid to a few cases
where discrepancies exist, requiring further work. Some desirable future tests
are also recommended.


title:
Jet Geometrical Objects Produced by Linear ODEs Systems and Superior
  Order ODEs

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to construct a Riemann-Lagrange geometry on 1-jet
spaces, in the sense of d-connections, d-torsions, d-curvatures,
electromagnetic d-field and geometric electromagnetic Yang-Mills energy,
starting from a given linear ODEs system or a given superior order ODE. The
case of a non-homogenous linear ODE of superior order is disscused.


title: Fluorine in a Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star

abstract:
  The fluorine abundance of the Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) star HE
1305+0132 has been derived by analysis of the molecular HF (1-0) R9 line at
2.3357 microns in a high-resolution (R = 50,000) spectrum obtained with the
Phoenix spectrometer and Gemini-South telescope. Our abundance analysis makes
use of a CNO-enhanced ATLAS12 model atmosphere characterized by a metallicity
and CNO enhancements determined utilizing medium-resolution (R = 3,000) optical
and near-IR spectra. The effective iron abundance is found to be [Fe/H] = -2.5,
making HE 1305+0132 the most Fe-deficient star, by more than an order of
magnitude, for which the abundance of fluorine has been measured. Using
spectral synthesis, we derive a super-solar fluorine abundance of A(19F) = 4.96
+/- 0.21, corresponding to a relative abundance of [F/Fe] = 2.90. A single line
of the Phillips C_2 system is identified in our Phoenix spectrum, and along
with multiple lines of the first-overtone vibration-rotation CO (3-1) band
head, C and O abundances of A(12C) = 8.57 +/- 0.11 and A(16O) = 7.04 +/- 0.14
are derived. We consider the striking fluorine overabundance in the framework
of the nucleosynthetic processes thought to be responsible for the
C-enhancement of CEMP stars and conclude that the atmosphere of HE 1305+0132
was polluted via mass transfer by a primary companion during its asymptotic
giant branch phase. This is the first study of fluorine in a CEMP star, and it
demonstrates that this rare nuclide can be a key diagnostic of nucleosynthetic
processes in the early Galaxy.


title: Holomorphic Poisson Manifolds and Holomorphic Lie Algebroids

abstract:
  We study holomorphic Poisson manifolds and holomorphic Lie algebroids from
the viewpoint of real Poisson geometry. We give a characterization of
holomorphic Poisson structures in terms of the Poisson Nijenhuis structures of
Magri-Morosi and describe a double complex which computes the holomorphic
Poisson cohomology. A holomorphic Lie algebroid structure on a vector bundle
$A\to X$ is shown to be equivalent to a matched pair of complex Lie algebroids
$(T^{0,1}X,A^{1,0})$, in the sense of Lu. The holomorphic Lie algebroid
cohomology of $A$ is isomorphic to the cohomology of the elliptic Lie algebroid
$T^{0,1}X\bowtie A^{1,0}$. In the case when $(X,\pi)$ is a holomorphic Poisson
manifold and $A=(T^*X)_\pi$, such an elliptic Lie algebroid coincides with the
Dirac structure corresponding to the associated generalized complex structure
of the holomorphic Poisson manifold.


title:
Strong-coupling expansion of cusp anomaly and gluon amplitudes from
  quantum open strings in AdS_5 x S^5

abstract:
  An important ``observable'' of planar N=4 SYM theory is the scaling function
f(lambda) that appears in the anomalous dimension of large spin twist 2
operators and also in the cusp anomaly of light-like Wilson loops. The
non-trivial relation between the anomalous dimension and the Wilson
interpretations of f(lambda) is well-understood on the perturbative gauge
theory side of the AdS/CFT duality. In the first part of this paper we present
the dual string-theory counterpart of this relation, to all orders in
lambda^(-1/2) expansion. As a check, we explicitly compute the leading 1-loop
string sigma model correction to the cusp Wilson loop, reproducing the same
subleading coefficient in f(lambda) as found earlier in the spinning closed
string case. The same function f(lambda) appears also in the resummed form of
the 4-gluon amplitude as discussed at weak coupling by Bern, Dixon and Smirnov
and recently found at the leading order at strong coupling by Alday and
Maldacena (AM). Here we attempt to extend this approach to subleading order in
lambda^(-1/2) by computing the IR singular part of 1-loop string correction to
the corresponding T-dual Wilson loop. We discuss explicitly the 1-cusp case and
comment on apparent problems with the dimensional regularization proposal of AM
when directly applied order by order in strong coupling (inverse string
tension) expansion.


title: Complexity of Propositional Proofs under a Promise

abstract:
  We study -- within the framework of propositional proof complexity -- the
problem of certifying unsatisfiability of CNF formulas under the promise that
any satisfiable formula has many satisfying assignments, where ``many'' stands
for an explicitly specified function $\Lam$ in the number of variables $n$. To
this end, we develop propositional proof systems under different measures of
promises (that is, different $\Lam$) as extensions of resolution. This is done
by augmenting resolution with axioms that, roughly, can eliminate sets of truth
assignments defined by Boolean circuits. We then investigate the complexity of
such systems, obtaining an exponential separation in the average-case between
resolution under different size promises:
  1. Resolution has polynomial-size refutations for all unsatisfiable 3CNF
formulas when the promise is $\eps\cd2^n$, for any constant $0<\eps<1$.
  2. There are no sub-exponential size resolution refutations for random 3CNF
formulas, when the promise is $2^{\delta n}$ (and the number of clauses is
$o(n^{3/2})$), for any constant $0<\delta<1$.


title: Rubbling and Optimal Rubbling of Graphs

abstract:
  A pebbling move on a graph removes two pebbles at a vertex and adds one
pebble at an adjacent vertex. Rubbling is a version of pebbling where an
additional move is allowed. In this new move one pebble is removed at vertices
v and w adjacent to a vertex u and an extra pebble is added at vertex u. A
vertex is reachable from a pebble distribution if it is possible to move a
pebble to that vertex using rubbling moves. The rubbling number of a graph is
the smallest number m needed to guarantee that any vertex is reachable from any
pebble distribution of m pebbles. The optimal rubbling number is the smallest
number m needed to guarantee a pebble distribution of m pebbles from which any
vertex is reachable. We determine the rubbling and optimal rubbling number of
some families of graphs including cycles.


title: Axiomatic quantum field theory. Jet formalism

abstract:
  Jet formalism provides the adequate mathematical formulation of classical
field theory, reviewed in hep-th/0612182v1. A formulation of QFT compatible
with this classical one is discussed. We are based on the fact that an algebra
of Euclidean quantum fields is graded commutative, and there are homomorphisms
of the graded commutative algebra of classical fields to this algebra. As a
result, any variational symmetry of a classical Lagrangian yields the
identities which Euclidean Green functions of quantum fields satisfy.


title: Star Unfolding Convex Polyhedra via Quasigeodesic Loops

abstract:
  We extend the notion of star unfolding to be based on a quasigeodesic loop Q
rather than on a point. This gives a new general method to unfold the surface
of any convex polyhedron P to a simple (non-overlapping), planar polygon: cut
along one shortest path from each vertex of P to Q, and cut all but one segment
of Q.


title:
Fermi-Polaron: Diagrammatic Monte Carlo for Divergent Sign-Alternating
  Series

abstract:
  Diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach is applied to a problem of a single
spin-down fermion resonantly interacting with the sea of ideal spin-up
fermions. On one hand, we develop a generic, sign-problem tolerant, method of
exact numerical solution of polaron-type models. On the other hand, our
solution is important for understanding the phase diagram and properties of the
BCS-BEC crossover in the strongly imbalanced regime. This is the first, and
possibly characteristic, example of how the Monte Carlo approach can be applied
to a divergent sign-alternating diagrammatic series.


title:
Orbit Determination with Topocentric Correction: Algorithms for the Next
  Generation Surveys

abstract:
  Given a set of astrometric observations of the same object, the problem of
orbit determination is to compute the orbit and to assess its uncertainty and
reliability. For the next generation surveys, with much larger number density
of observed objects, new algorithms or substantial revisions of the classical
ones are needed. The problem has three main steps, preliminary orbit, least
squares orbit, and quality control. The classical theory of preliminary orbits
was incomplete: the consequences of the topocentric correction had not been
fully studied. We show that it is possible to account for this correction,
possibly with an increase in the number of preliminary solutions, without
impairing the overall orbit determination performance. We have developed
modified least squares orbit determination algorithms that can be used to
improve the reliability of the procedure. We have tested the complete procedure
on two simulations with number densities comparable to that expected from the
next generation surveys such as Pan-STARRS and LSST. To control the problem of
false identifications we have introduced a quality control on the fit residuals
based on an array of metrics and a procedure to remove duplications and
contradictions in the output. The results confirm that large sets of
discoveries can be obtained with good quality orbits and very high success rate
losing only 0.6 to 1.3% of objects and a false identification rate in the range
0.02 to 0.06%.


title: Congruence obstructions to pseudomodularity of Fricke groups

abstract:
  A pseudomodular group is a finite coarea nonarithmetic Fuchsian group whose
cusp set is exactly $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{Q})$. Long and Reid constructed
finitely many of these by considering Fricke groups, i.e., those that
uniformize one-cusped tori. We prove that a zonal Fricke group with rational
cusps is pseudomodular if and only if its cusp set is dense in the finite
adeles of $\mathbb{Q}$. We then deduce that infinitely many such Fricke groups
are not pseudomodular.


title:
Spin Hamiltonian for which the Chiral Spin Liquid is the Exact Ground
  State

abstract:
  We construct a Hamiltonian that singles out the chiral spin liquid on a
square lattice with periodic boundary conditions as the exact and, apart from
the two-fold topological degeneracy, unique ground state.


title: Toward the Jamming Threshold of Sphere Packings: Tunneled Crystals

abstract:
  We have discovered a new family of three-dimensional crystal sphere packings
that are strictly jammed (i.e., mechanically stable) and yet possess an
anomalously low density. This family constitutes an uncountably infinite number
of crystal packings that are subpackings of the densest crystal packings and
are characterized by a high concentration of self-avoiding "tunnels" (chains of
vacancies) that permeate the structures. The fundamental geometric
characteristics of these tunneled crystals command interest in their own right
and are described here in some detail. These include the lattice vectors (that
specify the packing configurations), coordination structure, Voronoi cells, and
density fluctuations. The tunneled crystals are not only candidate structures
for achieving the jamming threshold (lowest-density rigid packing), but may
have substantially broader significance for condensed matter physics and
materials science.


title:
Thermodynamic properties of the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet with
  Anisotropic Exchange on the Kagome Lattice: Comparison with Volborthite

abstract:
  Thermodynamic properties such as magnetic susceptibility and specific heat
have been computed for the Heisenberg Antiferromagnet with spatially
anisotropic exchange on the kagome lattice on clusters up to N=24 spins from
the full spectra obtained by exact diagonalization. This approach is shown to
provide a good represention of these thermodynamic properties above
temperatures of about $J_{\rm av}/5$ where $J_{\rm av}$ is an average of the
coupling constants. Comparison with experimental Volborthite data obtained by
Hiroi {\it {et al}} [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\bf 70},3377 (2001)] shows that
Volborthite is best described by a model with nearly isotropic exchanges in
spite of the significant distortion of the kagom\'{e} lattice of magnetic sites
in this compound and suggests that additional interactions are present.
Comparison of the specific heat at low temperature raise the possibility that
the density of states at low energy in Volborthite might be much lower than in
the Heisenberg model. Magnetization curves under an applied field of the model
are also investigated. The M=1/3 plateau is found to subsist in the anisotropic
case and extend to lower field with increased anisotropy. For sufficient
anisotropy, this plateau would then be observable for a field reasonably
accessible to experiment. The absence of a plateau well below $\sim$ 70 Teslas
would further support a nearly isotropic model.


title: Traces on pseudodifferential operators and sums of commutators

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to show that various known characterizations of
traces on classical pseudodifferentials operators (PsiDOs) can actually be
obtained by very elementary considerations on PsiDOs, using only basic
properties of these operators. Thereby, we give a unified treatment of the
determinations of the space of traces (i) on PsiDOs of noninteger orders or of
regular parity-class, (ii) on integer order PsiDOs, (iii) on nonpositive order
PsiDOs in dimension greather than or equal to 2, and (iv) on nonpositive order
PsiDOs in dimension 1.


title: Representation of Integral Dispersion Relations by Local Forms

abstract:
  The representation of the usual integral dispersion relations (IDR) of
scattering theory through series of derivatives of the amplitudes is discussed,
extended, simplified, and confirmed as mathematical identities. Forms of
derivative dispersion relations (DDR) valid for the whole energy interval,
recently obtained and presented as double infinite series, are simplified
through the use of new sum rules of the incomplete $\Gamma$ functions, being
reduced to single summations, where the usual convergence criteria are easily
applied. For the forms of the imaginary amplitude used in phenomenology of
hadronic scattering, we show that expressions for the DDR can represent, with
absolute accuracy, the IDR of scattering theory, as true mathematical
identities. Besides the fact that the algebraic manipulation can be easily
understood, numerical examples show the accuracy of these representations up to
the maximum available machine precision. As consequence of our work, it is
concluded that the standard simplified forms sDDR, originally intended for the
high energy limits, are an inconvenient and incomplete separation of terms of
the full expression, leading to wrong evaluations. Since the correspondence
between IDR and the DDR expansions is linear, our results have wide
applicability, covering more general functions, built as combinations of well
studied basic forms.


title: An Explicit Construction of Type A Demazure Atoms

abstract:
  Demazure characters of type A, which are equivalent to key polynomials, have
been decomposed by Lascoux and Sch\"{u}tzenberger into standard bases. We prove
that the resulting polynomials, which we call Demazure atoms, can be obtained
from a certain specialization of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials. This
combinatorial interpretation for Demazure atoms accelerates the computation of
the right key associated to a semi-standard Young tableau. Utilizing a related
construction, we provide a new combinatorial description for the key
polynomials.


title: HAT-P-3b: A heavy-element rich planet transiting a K dwarf star

abstract:
  We report the discovery of a Jupiter-size planet transiting a relatively
bright (V = 11.56) and metal-rich early K dwarf star with a period of about 2.9
days. On the basis of follow-up photometry and spectroscopy we determine the
mass and radius of the planet, HAT-P-3b, to be M_p = 0.599 +/- 0.026 M_Jup and
R_p = 0.890 +/- 0.046 R_Jup. The relatively small size of the object for its
mass implies the presence of about 75 Earth masses worth of heavy elements (1/3
of the total mass) based on current theories of irradiated extrasolar giant
planets, similar to the mass of the core inferred for the transiting planet HD
149026b. The bulk density of HAT-P-3b is found to be rho_p = 1.06 +/- 0.17
g/cm^3, and the planet orbits the star at a distance of 0.03894 AU. Ephemerides
for the transit centers are T_c = 2,454,218.7594 +/- 0.0029 + N (2.899703 +/-
0.000054) (HJD).


title: Structure and randomness in combinatorics

abstract:
  Combinatorics, like computer science, often has to deal with large objects of
unspecified (or unusable) structure. One powerful way to deal with such an
arbitrary object is to decompose it into more usable components. In particular,
it has proven profitable to decompose such objects into a \emph{structured}
component, a \emph{pseudo-random} component, and a \emph{small} component (i.e.
an error term); in many cases it is the structured component which then
dominates. We illustrate this philosophy in a number of model cases.


title: AdS4 flux vacua in type II superstrings and their domain-wall solutions

abstract:
  We investigate the emergence of supersymmetric negative-vacuum-energy ground
states in four dimensions. First, we rely on the analysis of the effective
superpotential, which depends on the background fluxes of the internal
manifold, or equivalently has its origin in the underlying gauged supergravity.
Four-dimensional, supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua with all moduli
stabilized appear when appropriate Ramond and Neveu--Schwarz fluxes are
introduced in IIA. Geometric fluxes are not necessary. Then the whole setup is
analyzed from the perspective of the sources, namely D/NS-branes or
Kaluza--Klein monopoles. Orientifold planes are also required for tadpole
cancellation. The solutions found in four dimensions correspond to domain walls
interpolating between AdS4 and flat spacetime. The various consistency
conditions (equations of motion, Bianchi identities and tadpole cancellation
conditions) are always satisfied, albeit with source terms. We also speculate
on the possibility of assigning (formal) entropies to AdS4 flux vacua via the
corresponding dual brane systems.


title:
Many-body excitations in tunneling current spectra of a few-electron
  quantum dot

abstract:
  Inherent asymmetry in the tunneling barriers of few-electron quantum dots
induces intrinsically different tunneling currents for forward and reverse
source-drain biases in the non-linear transport regime. Here we show that in
addition to spin selection rules, overlap matrix elements between many-body
states are crucial for the correct description of tunneling transmission
through quantum dots at large magnetic fields. Signatures of excited
(N-1)-electron states in the transport process through the N-electron system
are clearly identified in the measured transconductances. Our analysis clearly
confirms the validity of single-electron quantum transport theory in quantum
dots.


title:
Vacuum Fluctuation (1): the Same Basis of the Relativity and the Quantum
  Mechanics

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to reveal the deep relationship between matter and
vacuum, and to seek for the same physical basis of the relativity and the
quantum mechanics. In doing this, three postulates of vacuum fluctuation are
proposed first, the basic premises of the relativity and the quantum mechanics
including the velocity limit, the energy-frequency relation and the de Broglie
wavelength expression of any matter particles are deduced then. As
applications, the idea is used to analyze the Compton effect and the
electron-positron annihilation. It is found that the calculation becomes
simple, and the physical meaning gets clear. The simplicity comes from the
power of the three postulates. To illustrate this, the basic conclusions of the
special theory of relativity such as the relations of mass-velocity,
mass-energy, energy-momentum, time dilation and length contraction are further
deduced. In addition, the significance of the investigation of vacuum
fluctuation in the unification of the physical theories is pointed out.


title: A convexity property of expectations under exponential weights

abstract:
  Take a random variable X with some finite exponential moments. Define an
exponentially weighted expectation by E^t(f) = E(e^{tX}f)/E(e^{tX}) for
admissible values of the parameter t. Denote the weighted expectation of X
itself by r(t) = E^t(X), with inverse function t(r). We prove that for a convex
function f the expectation E^{t(r)}(f) is a convex function of the parameter r.
Along the way we develop correlation inequalities for convex functions.
Motivation for this result comes from equilibrium investigations of some
stochastic interacting systems with stationary product distributions. In
particular, convexity of the hydrodynamic flux function follows in some cases.


title: On dynamical tunneling and classical resonances

abstract:
  This work establishes a firm relationship between classical nonlinear
resonances and the phenomenon of dynamical tunneling. It is shown that the
classical phase space with its hierarchy of resonance islands completely
characterizes dynamical tunneling and explicit forms of the dynamical barriers
can be obtained only by identifying the key resonances. Relationship between
the phase space viewpoint and the quantum mechanical superexchange approach is
discussed in near-integrable and mixed regular-chaotic situations. For
near-integrable systems with sufficient anharmonicity the effect of multiple
resonances {\it i.e.,} resonance-assisted tunneling can be incorporated
approximately. It is also argued that the, presumed, relation of avoided
crossings to nonlinear resonances does not have to be invoked in order to
understand dynamical tunneling. For molecules with low density of states the
resonance-assisted mechanism is expected to be dominant.


title: Sums of the error term function in the mean square for $\zeta(s)$

abstract:
  Sums of the form $\sum_{n\le x}E^k(n) (k\in{\bf N}$ fixed) are investigated,
where $$ E(T) = \int_0^T|\zeta(1/2+it)|^2 dt - T\Bigl(\log {T\over2\pi} +
2\gamma -1\Bigr)$$ is the error term in the mean square formula for
$|\zeta(1/2+it)|$. The emphasis is on the case k=1, which is more difficult
than the corresponding sum for the divisor problem. The analysis requires
bounds for the irrationality measure of ${\rm e}^{2\pi m}$ and for the partial
quotients in its continued fraction expansion.


title: Towards precision determination of uPDFs

abstract:
  The unintegrated Parton Density Function of the gluon is obtained from a fit
to dijet production in DIS as measured at HERA. Reasonable descriptions of the
measurements are obtained, and a first attempt to constrain the intrinsic
transverse momentum distribution at small kt is presented


title: Effects of the CP Odd Dipole Operators on Gluino-Squark Production

abstract:
  We analyze effects of the CP violating interactions on associated
gluino-squark production in the MSSM at hadron colliders. Depending on the
sparticle masses, the hadronic cross sections can be enhanced up to 9.5 % for a
500 GeV gluino at the LHC energies.


title: Rheology of dilute suspensions of vesicles and red blood cells

abstract:
  We present rheology experiments on dilute solutions of vesicles and red blood
cells (RBC). Varying the viscosity ratio $\lambda$ between internal and
external fluids, the microscopic dynamics of suspended objects can be
qualitatively changed from tank-treading ($tt$) to tumbling ($tb$). We find
that in the tt regime the viscosity $\eta$, decreases when $\lambda$ increases,
in contrast with droplet emulsions and elastic capsule theories which are
sometimes invoked to model RBC dynamics. At a critical $\lambda$ (close to the
tt-tb transition) $\eta$ exhibits a minimum before it increases in the tb
regime. This is consistent with a recent theory for vesicles. This points to
the nontrivial fact that the cytoskeleton in RBC does not alter the qualitative
evolution of $\eta$ and that, as far as rheology is concerned, vesicle models
might be a better description.


title:
Non-Thermal X-ray Properties of Rotation Powered Pulsars and Their Wind
  Nebulae

abstract:
  We present a statistical study of the non-thermal X-ray emission of 27 young
rotation powered pulsars (RPPs) and 24 pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) by using the
Chandra and the XMM-Newton observations, which with the high spatial
resolutions enable us to spatially resolve pulsars from their surrounding PWNe.
We obtain the X-ray luminosities and spectra separately for RPPs and PWNe, and
then investigate their distribution and relation to each other as well as the
relation with the pulsar rotational parameters. In the pair-correlation
analysis we find that: (1) the X-ray (2-10 keV) luminosities of both pulsar and
PWN (L_{psr} and L_{pwn}) display a strong correlation with pulsar spin down
power Edot and characteristic age, and the scalings resulting from a simple
linear fit to the data are L_{psr} \propto Edot^{0.92 \pm 0.04} and L_{pwn}
\propto Edot^{1.45 \pm 0.08} (68% confidence level), respectively, however,
both the fits are not statistically acceptable; (2) L_{psr} also shows a
possible weak correlation with pulsar period P and period derivative Pdot,
whereas L_{pwn} manifests a similar weak correlation with Pdot only; (3) The
PWN photon index Gamma_{pwn} is positively correlated with L_{pwn} and
L_{pwn}/Edot. We also found that the PWN X-ray luminosity is typically 1 to 10
times larger than that from the underlying pulsar, and the PWN photon indices
span a range of ~1.5 to ~2. The statistic study of PWN spectral properties
supports the particle wind model in which the X-ray emitting electrons are
accelerated by the termination shock of the wind.


title:
Fast ion diffusion, superionic conductivity and phase transitions of the
  nuclear materials UO2 and Li2O

abstract:
  Lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics studies of the oxides UO2 and Li2O in
their normal as well as superionic phase are reported. Lattice dynamics
calculations have been carried out using a shell model in the quasiharmonic
approximation. The calculated elastic constants, phonon frequencies and
specific heat are in good agreement with reported experimental data, which help
validate the interatomic potentials required for undertaking molecular dynamics
simulations. The calculated free energies reveal high pressure fluorite to
cottunite phase transitions at 70 GPa for UO2 and anti-fluorite to
anti-cotunnite phase transformation at 25 GPa for Li2O, in agreement with
reported experiments. Molecular dynamics studies shed important insights into
the mechanisms of diffusion and superionic behavior at high temperatures. The
calculated superionic transition temperature of Li2O is 1000 K, while that of
UO2 is 2300 K.


title: Central and Local Limit Theorems for RNA Structures

abstract:
  A k-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structure is a graph over $\{1,...,n\}$
without 1-arcs, i.e. arcs of the form (i,i+1) and in which there exists no
k-set of mutually intersecting arcs. In particular, RNA secondary structures
are 2-noncrossing RNA structures. In this paper we prove a central and a local
limit theorem for the distribution of the numbers of 3-noncrossing RNA
structures over n nucleotides with exactly h bonds. We will build on the
results of \cite{Reidys:07rna1} and \cite{Reidys:07rna2}, where the generating
function of k-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures and the asymptotics for its
coefficients have been derived. The results of this paper explain the findings
on the numbers of arcs of RNA secondary structures obtained by molecular
folding algorithms and predict the distributions for k-noncrossing RNA folding
algorithms which are currently being developed.


title: Matrix and vector models in the strong coupling limit

abstract:
  In this paper we consider matrix and vector models in the large N limit ($N
\times N$ matrices and vectors with N^{2} components). For the case of
zero-dimensional model (D=0) it is proved that in the strong coupling limit $g
\to \infty$ statistical sums of both models coincide up to a coefficient. This
is also true for D=1.


title: Voids in the SDSS Galaxy Survey

abstract:
  Using the method of searching for arbitrary shaped voids in the distribution
of volume-limited samples of galaxies from the DR5 SDSS survey, we have
identified voids and investigated their characteristics and the change in these
characteristics with decreasing Mlim - the upper limit on the absolute
magnitude of the galaxies involved in the construction of voids. The total
volume of the 50 largest voids increases with decreasing Mlim with a break near
Mr* = -20.44 for SDSS galaxies. The mean density contrast in voids increases
with decreasing Mlim also with a weak break near M*. The exponent of the
dependence of the volume of a void on its rank increases significantly with
decreasing Mlim starting from Mlim ~ -20.4 in the characteristic range of
volumes, which reflects the tendency for greater clustering of brighter
galaxies. The galaxies mostly tend to concentrate toward the void boundaries
and to avoid the central void regions. The axial ratios of the ellipsoids
equivalent to the voids are, on average, retained with changing Mlim and
correspond to elongated and nonoblate void shapes, but some of the voids can
change their shape significantly. The void centers show correlations reflecting
the correlations of the galaxy distribution on scales (35-70)/h Mpc. The galaxy
distribution in the identified voids is nonrandom - groups and filaments can be
identified. We have compared the properties of the galaxies in voids and
galaxies in structures identified using the minimum spanning tree. A noticeable
difference is observed in the mean color indices and star formation rates per
unit stellar mass of the galaxies in dense regions (structures) - as expected,
the galaxies in voids are, on average, bluer and have higher log(SFR/M_star).
These tendencies become stronger toward the central void regions.


title: Structure Functions and Low-x

abstract:
  We summarize recent experimental and theoretical results, which were reported
in the working group on Structure Functions and Low-x at the DIS 2007 workshop.


title: Spectroscopy of two PN candidates in IC10

abstract:
  We present the results of the first spectroscopic observations of two
planetary nebula (PN) candidates in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy
IC10. Using several spectral classification diagrams we show that the brightest
PN candidate (PN7) is not a PN, but rather a compact HII region consisting of
two components with low electron number densities. After the rejection of this
PN candidate, the IC10 planetary nebula luminosity function cutoff becomes very
close to the standard value. With the compiled spectroscopic data for a large
number of extragalactic PNe, we analyse a series of diagnostic diagrams to
generate quantitative criteria for separating PNe from unresolved HII regions.
We show that, with the help of the diagnostic diagrams and the derived set of
criteria, PNe can be distinguished from HII regions with an efficiency of
~99.6%. With the obtained spectroscopic data we confirm that another, 1.7 mag
fainter PN candidate (PN9) is a genuine PN. We argue that, based on all
currently available PNe data, IC10 is located at a distance 725+63-33 kpc
(distance modulus (m-M) = 24.30+0.18-0.10).


title: Symmetry Supporting a Transition to Zero Cosmological Constant State

abstract:
  In a number of previous publications we demonstrated that the Two Measures
Field Theory (TMT) enables to resolve the old cosmological constant (CC)
problem avoiding the Weinberg's no-go CC theorem and together with this TMT
agrees with all tests of the Einstein's general relativity and allows
inflationary scenarios. Analysis performed in the present paper shows that
there exists an intrinsic symmetry of TMT which emerges in the $\Lambda =0$
ground state. This symmetry contains a subgroup of reflections of the metric
$g_{\mu\nu}\to -g_{\mu\nu}$ studied recently by a number of authors as the
symmetry imposing zero CC. We show that realization of this idea in TMT is free
of fine tuning and has no problems typical to other approaches.


title: Effective Iitaka fibrations

abstract:
  We show that the M-canonical map of an n-dimensional complex projective
manifold X of Kodaira dimension two is birational to an Iitaka fibration for a
computable positive integer M. M depends on the index b of a general fibre F of
the Iitaka fibration and on the Betti number of the canonical covering of F, In
particular, M is a universal constant if the dimension n is smaller than or
equal to 4.


title:
The metallicity extremes of the Sagittarius dSph using SALT spectroscopy
  of PNe

abstract:
  In this work we present the first spectroscopic results obtained with the
Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) telescope during its
perfomance-verification phase. We find that the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal
galaxy (Sgr) Sgr contains a youngest stellar population with [O/H] -0.2 and age
t>1 Gyr, and an oldest population with [O/H]=-2.0. The values are based on
spectra of two planetary nebulae (PNe), using empirical abundance
determinations. We calculated abundances for O, N, Ne, Ar, S, Cl, Fe, C and He.
We confirm the high abundances of PN StWr2-21 with 12+log(O/H) = 8.57+/-0.02
dex. The other PN studied, BoBn1, is an extraordinary object in that the neon
abundance exceeds that of oxygen. The abundances of S, Ar and Cl in BoBn1 yield
the original stellar metallicity, corresponding to 12+log(O/H) = 6.72+/-0.16
dex which is 1/110 of the solar value. The actual [O/H] is much higher: third
dredge-up enriched the material by a factor of ~12 in oxygen, ~240 in nitrogen
and ~70 in neon. Neon as well as nitrogen and oxygen content may have been
produced in the intershell of low-mass AGB stars. Well defined broad WR lines
are present in the spectrum of StWr2-21 and absent in the spectrum of BoBn1.
This puts the fraction of [WR]-type central PNe stars to 67% for dSph galaxies.


title:
A Leaf Recognition Algorithm for Plant Classification Using
  Probabilistic Neural Network

abstract:
  In this paper, we employ Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) with image and
data processing techniques to implement a general purpose automated leaf
recognition algorithm. 12 leaf features are extracted and orthogonalized into 5
principal variables which consist the input vector of the PNN. The PNN is
trained by 1800 leaves to classify 32 kinds of plants with an accuracy greater
than 90%. Compared with other approaches, our algorithm is an accurate
artificial intelligence approach which is fast in execution and easy in
implementation.


title: On deformations of maps and curve singularities

abstract:
  We study several deformation functors associated to the normalization of a
reduced curve singularity $(X,0) \subset (\c^n,0)$. The main new results are
explicit formulas, in terms of classical invariants of (X,0), for the cotangent
cohomology groups $T^i, i = 0,1,2,$ of these functors. Thus we obtain precise
statements about smoothness and dimension of the corresponding local moduli
spaces. We apply the results to obtain explicit formulas resp. estimates for
the $\hoa{A}_e$-codimension of a parametrized curve singularity, where
$\hoa{A}_e$ denotes the Mather-Wall group of left-right equivalence.


title:
Specific Density Of Binding Enerfy Of Core In Beta - Stable Nuclei is
  2.57 MeV/fm^3

abstract:
  Recently an alpha-cluster model based on the pn-pair interactions with using
the isospin invariance of nuclear force has been proposed. According to the
model the excess neutron pairs fill out the free space in the core determined
by the difference in the charge and matter radii of the alpha-clusters. Then
the number of excess neutrons in beta-stable nuclei depends on the number of
the core alpha-clusters. In such a representation the specific density of
binding energy of core is the only parameter to fit the experimental binding
energies of beta-stable nuclei and it turned out to be a constant value equal
to 2.57 MeV/fm^3. Knowing the value allows one to estimate the size of a
nucleus from its experimental binding energy.


title:
Spectral asymptotics of percolation Hamiltonians on amenable Cayley
  graphs

abstract:
  In this paper we study spectral properties of adjacency and Laplace operators
on percolation subgraphs of Cayley graphs of amenable, finitely generated
groups. In particular we describe the asymptotic behaviour of the integrated
density of states (spectral distribution function) of these random Hamiltonians
near the spectral minimum.
  The first part of the note discusses various aspects of the quantum
percolation model, subsequently we formulate a series of new results, and
finally we outline the strategy used to prove our main theorem.


title: Modeling Dense Stellar Systems

abstract:
  Black holes and neutron stars present extreme forms of matter that cannot be
created as such in a laboratory on Earth. Instead, we have to observe and
analyze the experiments that are ongoing in the Universe. The most telling
observations of black holes and neutron stars come from dense stellar systems,
where stars are crowded close enough to each other to undergo frequent
interactions. It is the interplay between black holes, neutron stars and other
objects in a dense environment that allows us to use observations to draw firm
conclusions about the properties of these extreme forms of matter, through
comparisons with simulations. The art of modeling dense stellar systems through
computer simulations forms the main topic of this review.


title:
Spin coherence of a two-dimensional electron gas induced by resonant
  excitation of trions and excitons in CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum wells

abstract:
  The mechanisms for generation of long-lived spin coherence in a
two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) have been studied experimentally by means
of a picosecond pump-probe Kerr rotation technique. CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum
wells with a diluted 2DEG were investigated. The strong Coulomb interaction
between electrons and holes, which results in large binding energies of neutral
excitons and negatively charged excitons (trions), allows one to address
selectively the exciton or trion states by resonant optical excitation.
Different scenarios of spin coherence generation were analyzed theoretically,
among them the direct trion photocreation, the formation of trions from
photogenerated excitons and the electron-exciton exchange scattering. Good
agreement between experiment and theory is found.


title: Task-Oriented Maximally Entangled States

abstract:
  We introduce the notion of a task-oriented maximally entangled state (TMES).
This notion depends on the tasks for which a quantum state is used as the
resource. This concept may be more fruitful than that of a general maximally
entangled state in the case of a multipartite system. We illustrate this idea
by giving an operational definition of maximally entangled states on the basis
of communication tasks of teleportation and superdense coding. We also give
examples and a procedure to obtain such TMESs for {\em n}-qubit systems.


title:
Infrared renormalization of two-loop integrals and the chiral expansion
  of the nucleon mass

abstract:
  We describe details of the renormalization of two-loop integrals relevant to
the calculation of the nucleon mass in the framework of manifestly
Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory using infrared renormalization. It
is shown that the renormalization can be performed while preserving all
relevant symmetries, in particular chiral symmetry, and that renormalized
diagrams respect the standard power counting rules. As an application we
calculate the chiral expansion of the nucleon mass to order O(q^6).


title:
Eigenvalue clusters of the Landau Hamiltonian in the exterior of a
  compact domain

abstract:
  We consider the Schrodinger operator with a constant magnetic field in the
exterior of a compact domain on the plane. The spectrum of this operator
consists of clusters of eigenvalues around the Landau levels. We discuss the
rate of accumulation of eigenvalues in a fixed cluster.


title: A note on equipartition

abstract:
  The problem of the existence of an equi-partition of a curve in $\R^n$ has
recently been raised in the context of computational geometry. The problem is
to show that for a (continuous) curve $\Gamma : [0,1] \to \R^n$ and for any
positive integer N, there exist points $t_0=0<t_1<...<t_{N-1}<1=t_N$, such that
$d(\Gamma(t_{i-1}),\Gamma(t_i))=d(\Gamma(t_{i}),\Gamma(t_{i+1}))$ for all
$i=1,...,N$, where d is a metric or even a semi-metric (a weaker notion) on
$\R^n$. We show here that the existence of such points, in a broader context,
is a consequence of Brower's fixed point theorem.


title: Neumann Heat kernel monotonicity

abstract:
  We prove that the diagonal of the transition probabilities for the
d-dimensional Bessel processes on (0, 1], reflected at 1, which we denote by
$p_R^N(t, r,r)$, is an increasing function of r for d>2 and that this is false
for d=2.


title: Volume and homology of one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds

abstract:
  Let M be a complete, finite-volume, orientable hyperbolic manifold having
exactly one cusp. If we assume that pi_1(M) has no subgroup isomorphic to a
genus-2 surface group, and that either (a) H_1(M;Z_p) has dimension at least 5
for some prime p, or (b) H_1(M;Z_2) has dimension at least 4, and the subspace
of H^2(M;Z_2) spanned by the image of the cup product has dimension at most 1,
then vol M > 5.06 If we assume that H_1(M;Z_2) has dimension at least 7, and
that the compact core of M does not contain a genus-2 closed incompressible
surface, then vol M > 5.06.


title: Resonance sticking in the scattered disk

abstract:
  We investigate the dynamical evolution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in
typical scattered disk orbits (scattered TNOs) by performing simulations using
several thousand particles lying initially on Neptune-encountering orbits. We
explore the role of resonance sticking in the scattered disk, a phenomenon
characterized by multiple temporary resonance captures ('resonances' refers to
external mean motion resonances with Neptune, which can be described in the
form r:s, where the arguments r and s are integers). First, all scattered TNOs
evolve through intermittent temporary resonance capture events and
gravitational scattering by Neptune. Each scattered TNO experiences tens to
hundreds of resonance captures over a period of 4 Gyr, which represents about
38% of the object's lifetime (mean value). Second, resonance sticking plays an
important role at semimajor axes a < 250 AU, where the great majority of such
captures occurred. It is noteworthy that the stickiest (i.e., dominant)
resonances in the scattered disk are located within this distance range and are
those possessing the lowest argument s. This was evinced by r:1, r:2 and r:3
resonances, which played the greatest role during resonance sticking evolution,
often leading to captures in several of their neighboring resonances. Finally,
the timescales and likelihood of temporary resonance captures are roughly
proportional to resonance strength. The dominance of low s resonances is also
related to the latter. In sum, resonance sticking has an important impact on
the evolution of scattered TNOs, contributing significantly to the longevity of
these objects.


title: Quenching of high-pT hadrons: Alternative scenario

abstract:
  A new scenario, alternative to energy loss, for the observed suppression of
high-pT hadrons observed at RHIC is proposed. In the limit of a very dense
medium crated in nuclear collisions the mean free-path of the produced
(pre)hadron vanishes, and and the nuclear suppression, R_{AA} is completely
controlled by the production length. The RHIC data are well explained in a
parameter free way, and predictions for LHC are provided.


title: Heterotic Coset Models of Microscopic Strings and Black Holes

abstract:
  Following a recent conjecture by Lapan, Simons and Strominger, we revisit and
discuss an intrinsically heterotic class of conformal field theories,
emphasizing their Lagrangian construction as asymmetrically gauged WZW models,
which may be useful in several applications to the study of supersymmetric
strings and black holes in heterotic and type II string theory compactified on
T^6 and K3 X T^2 respectively. In these cases, the leading supergravity
geometry is singular, but higher order corrections remove this singularity in a
way that is consistent with, for example the non-zero entropy for the black
holes that these strings form after wrapping on an additional circle. The
conformal field theories have the right structure to capture the features of
the supergravity analysis, and possess precisely the microscopic target spaces
required. We describe in detail the model with AdS_3 X S^2 geometry, which is
conjectured by Lapan et. al. to represent a fundamental heterotic string in
five dimensions, and then propose conformal field theories which are potential
candidates for the microscopic geometry of heterotic strings in $D$ dimensions,
with target space AdS_3 X S^{D-3}. We also discuss some conformal field
theories that give microscopic AdS target spaces in various dimensions.


title: Spatial Aggregation: Data Model and Implementation

abstract:
  Data aggregation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is only marginally
present in commercial systems nowadays, mostly through ad-hoc solutions. In
this paper, we first present a formal model for representing spatial data. This
model integrates geographic data and information contained in data warehouses
external to the GIS. We define the notion of geometric aggregation, a general
framework for aggregate queries in a GIS setting. We also identify the class of
summable queries, which can be efficiently evaluated by precomputing the
overlay of two or more of the thematic layers involved in the query. We also
sketch a language, denoted GISOLAP-QL, for expressing queries that involve GIS
and OLAP features. In addition, we introduce Piet, an implementation of our
proposal, that makes use of overlay precomputation for answering spatial
queries (aggregate or not). Our experimental evaluation showed that for a
certain class of geometric queries with or without aggregation, overlay
precomputation outperforms R-tree-based techniques. Finally, as a particular
application of our proposal, we study topological queries.


title:
On elements of prime order in the plane Cremona group over a perfect
  field

abstract:
  We show that the plane Cremona group over a perfect field $k$ of
characteristic $p \ge 0$ contains an element of prime order $\ell\ge 7$ not
equal to $p$ if and only if there exists a 2-dimensional algebraic torus $T$
over $k$ such that $T(k)$ contains an element of order $\ell$. If $p = 0$ and
$k$ does not contain a primitive $\ell$-th root of unity, we show that there
are no elements of prime order $\ell > 7$ in $\Cr_2(k)$ and all elements of
order 7 are conjugate.


title: Symplectic potentials and resolved Ricci-flat ACG metrics

abstract:
  We pursue the symplectic description of toric Kahler manifolds. There exists
a general local classification of metrics on toric Kahler manifolds equipped
with Hamiltonian two-forms due to Apostolov, Calderbank and Gauduchon(ACG). We
derive the symplectic potential for these metrics. Using a method due to Abreu,
we relate the symplectic potential to the canonical potential written by
Guillemin. This enables us to recover the moment polytope associated with
metrics and we thus obtain global information about the metric. We illustrate
these general considerations by focusing on six-dimensional Ricci flat metrics
and obtain Ricci flat metrics associated with real cones over L^{pqr} and
Y^{pq} manifolds. The metrics associated with cones over Y^{pq} manifolds turn
out to be partially resolved with two blowup parameters taking special
(non-zero)values. For a fixed Y^{pq} manifold, we find explicit metrics for
several inequivalent blow-ups parametrised by a natural number k in the range
0<k<p. We also show that all known examples of resolved metrics such as the
resolved conifold and the resolution of C^3/Z_3 also fit the ACG
classification.


title: High speed single photon detection in the near-infrared

abstract:
  InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are convenient for single photon
detection in the near-infrared (NIR) including the fibre communication bands
(1.31/1.55 $\mu$m). However, to suppress afterpulse noise due to trapped
avalanche charge, they must be gated with MHz repetition frequencies, thereby
severely limiting the count rate in NIR applications. Here we show gating
frequencies for InGaAs-APDs well beyond 1 GHz. Using a self-differencing
technique to sense much weaker avalanches, we reduce drastically afterpulse
noise. At 1.25 GHz, we obtain a detection efficiency of 10.8% with an
afterpulse probability of 6.16%. In addition, the detector features low jitter
(55 ps) and a count rate of 100 MHz.


title: A Machian Solution of the Hierarchy Problem

abstract:
  The new interpretation of Mach's principle of mass of a particle being a
measure of the interactions of this particle with all other gravitating
particles inside its causal spheres is introduced. It is shown that within some
alternative model of gravitation that incorporates this principle, the Machian
influence of the universe can reduce Planck's scale to the electro-weak scale
and the large number that is needed to explain the hierarchy between the scales
is the amount of gravitating particles inside the universe horizon. Our model
can lead to new observable effects at cosmological distances and close to the
sources of a strong gravitational field.


title: Unparticles-Higgs Interplay

abstract:
  We show that scalar unparticles coupled to the Standard Model Higgs at the
renormalizable level can have a dramatic impact in the breaking of the
electroweak symmetry already at tree level. In particular one can get the
proper electroweak scale without the need of a Higgs mass term in the
Lagrangian. By studying the mixed unparticle-Higgs propagator and spectral
function we also show how unparticles can shift the Higgs mass away from its
Standard Model value, \lambda v^2, and influence other Higgs boson properties.
Conversely, we study in some detail how electroweak symmetry breaking affects
the unparticle sector by breaking its conformal symmetry and generating a mass
gap. We also show that, for Higgs masses above that gap, unparticles can
increase quite significantly the Higgs width.


title: Cohomological characterizations of projective spaces and hyperquadrics

abstract:
  We confirm Beauville's conjecture that claims that if the p-th exterior power
of the tangent bundle of a smooth projective variety contains the p-th power of
an ample line bundle, then the variety is either the projective space or the
p-dimensional quadric hypersurface.


title: Embedded Rank Distance Codes for ISI channels

abstract:
  Designs for transmit alphabet constrained space-time codes naturally lead to
questions about the design of rank distance codes. Recently, diversity embedded
multi-level space-time codes for flat fading channels have been designed from
sets of binary matrices with rank distance guarantees over the binary field by
mapping them onto QAM and PSK constellations. In this paper we demonstrate that
diversity embedded space-time codes for fading Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
channels can be designed with provable rank distance guarantees. As a corollary
we obtain an asymptotic characterization of the fixed transmit alphabet
rate-diversity trade-off for multiple antenna fading ISI channels. The key idea
is to construct and analyze properties of binary matrices with a particular
structure induced by ISI channels.


title:
Evidence for a new light spin-zero boson from cosmological gamma-ray
  propagation?

abstract:
  Recent findings by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes indicate a large
transparency of the Universe to gamma rays, which can be hardly explained
within the current models of extragalactic background light. We show that the
observed transparency is naturally produced by an oscillation mechanism --
which can occur inside intergalactic magnetic fields -- whereby a photon can
become a new spin-zero boson with mass m << 10^(-10) eV. Because the latter
particle travels unimpeded throughout the Universe, photons can reach the
observer even if the distance from the source considerably exceeds their mean
free path. We compute the expected flux of gamma rays from blazar 3C279 at
different energies. Our predictions can be tested in the near future by the
gamma-ray telescopes H.E.S.S., MAGIC, CANGAROO and VERITAS. Moreover, our
result provides an important observational test for models of dark energy
wherein quintessence is coupled to the photon through an effective
dimension-five operator.


title: Trace Estimates for Stable Processes

abstract:
  In this paper we study the behaviour in time of the trace (the partition
function) of the heat semigroup associated with symmetric stable processes in
domains of $\Rd$. In particular, we show that for domains with the so called
{\it{$R$-smoothness}} property the second terms in the asymptotic as $t\to 0$
involves the surface area of the domain, just as in the case of Brownian
motion.


title: Spitzer/IRS spectroscopy of high mass precursors to planetary nebulae

abstract:
  We present Spitzer/IRS observations of a small sample of heavily obscured
IRAS sources displaying both the infrared and OH maser emission characteristic
of OH/IR stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), but also radio continuum
emission typical of ionized planetary nebulae (PNe), the so-called OHPNe. Our
observations show that their mid-infrared spectra are dominated by the
simultaneous presence of strong and broad amorphous silicate absorption
features together with crystalline silicate features, originated in their
O-rich circumstellar shells. Out of the five sources observed, three of them
are clearly non-variable at infrared wavelengths, confirming their post-AGB
status, while the remaining two still show strong photometric fluctuations, and
may still have not yet departed from the AGB. One of the non-variable sources
in the sample, IRAS 17393-2727, displays a strong [Ne II] nebular emission at
12.8 microns, indicating that the ionization of its central region has already
started. This suggests a rapid evolution from the AGB to the PN stage. We
propose that these heavily obscured OHPNe represent the population of high mass
precursors to PNe in our Galaxy.


title:
Beyond the standard entropic inequalities: stronger scalar separability
  criteria and their applications

abstract:
  Recently it was shown that if a given state fulfils the reduction criterion
it must also satisfy the known entropic inequalities. Now the questions arises
whether on the assumption that stronger criteria based on positive but not
completely positive maps are satisfied, it is possible to derive some scalar
inequalities stronger than the entropic ones. In this paper we show that under
some assumptions the extended reduction criterion [H.-P. Breuer, Phys. Rev.
Lett 97, 080501 (2006); W. Hall, J. Phys. A 40, 6183 (2007)] leads to some
entropic--like inequalities which are much stronger than their entropic
counterparts. The comparison of the derived inequalities with other
separability criteria shows that such approach might lead to strong scalar
criteria detecting both distillable and bound entanglement. In particular, in
the case of SO(3)-invariant states it is shown that the present inequalities
detect entanglement in regions in which entanglement witnesses based on
extended reduction map fail. It should be also emphasized that in the case of
$2\otimes N$ states the derived inequalities detect entanglement efficiently,
while the extended reduction maps are useless when acting on the qubit
subsystem. Moreover, there is a natural way to construct a many-copy
entanglement witnesses based on the derived inequalities so, in principle,
there is a possibility of experimental realization. Some open problems and
possibilities for further studies are outlined.


title: All CAT(0) Boundaries of a Group of the Form HxK are CE Equivalent

abstract:
  M. Bestvina has shown that for any given torsion-free CAT(0) group G, all of
its boundaries are shape equivalent. He then posed the question of whether they
satisfy the stronger condition of being cell-like equivalent. In this article
we prove that the answer is "Yes" in the situation where the group in question
splits as a direct product with infinite factors. We accomplish this by proving
an interesting theorem in shape theory.


title:
Optimalit\'e, congruences et calculs d'invariants des vari\'et\'es
  symplectiques r\'eelles de dimension quatre

abstract:
  This paper follows a previous one in which were introduced deformation
invariants $\chi^d_r$, $d \in H_2 (X ; \Z)$, $r \in \N$, of closed real
symplectic four-manifolds $(X, \omega, c_X)$, invariants which produced lower
bounds in real enumerative geometry. We prove here using methods of symplectic
field theory that the lower bounds are sharp when $r \leq 1$ and the real locus
of the manifold contains a sphere, torus or real projective plane (under
stronger assumptions in this last case). We also prove that a big power of two
divides $\chi^d_r$ as soon as r is not too big and when the real locus contains
a sphere or real projective plane (under the same stronger assumptions in this
last case). We finally present some explicit computations in the case of the
projective plane or quadric ellipsoid surface as well as the general formulas
used to get them, formulas which involve some relative invariants that we first
define.


title:
Simple Mathematical Model Of Pathologic Microsatellite Expansions: When
  Self-Reparation Does Not Work

abstract:
  We propose a simple model of pathologic microsatellite expansion, and
describe an inherent self-repairing mechanism working against expansion. We
prove that if the probabilities of elementary expansions and contractions are
equal, microsatellite expansions are always self-repairing. If these
probabilities are different, self-reparation does not work. Mosaicism,
anticipation and reverse mutation cases are discussed in the framework of the
model. We explain these phenomena and provide some theoretical evidence for
their properties, for example the rarity of reverse mutations.


title:
Improved limit on electron neutrino charge radius through a new
  evaluation of the weak mixing angle

abstract:
  We have obtained a new limit on the electron neutrino effective charge radius
from a new evaluation of the weak mixing angle by a combined fit of all
electron-(anti)neutrino electron elastic scattering measurements. Weak mixing
angle is found to be sin^2 theta_W=0.259 \pm 0.025 in the low energy regime
below 100 MeV. The electron neutrino charge radius squared is bounded to be in
the range -0.13 10^-32 cm^2 < r^2 < 3.32 10^-32 cm^2 at 90 % C.L. Both results
improve previously published analyses. We also discuss perspectives of future
experiments to improve these constraints.


title: Tropical Nevanlinna theory and ultra-discrete equations

abstract:
  A tropical version of Nevanlinna theory is described in which the role of
meromorphic functions is played by continuous piecewise linear functions of a
real variable whose one-sided derivatives are integers at every point. These
functions are naturally defined on the max-plus (or tropical) semi-ring.
Analogues of the Nevanlinna characteristic, proximity and counting functions
are defined and versions of Nevanlinna's first main theorem, the lemma on the
logarithmic derivative and Clunie's lemma are proved.
  As well as providing another example of a tropical or dequantized analogue of
an important area of complex analysis, this theory has applications to
so-called ultra-discrete equations. Preliminary results are presented
suggesting that the existence of finite-order max-plus meromorphic solutions
can be considered to be an ultra-discrete analogue of the Painlev'e property.


title: The insulin superfamily of growth-promoting proteins

abstract:
  Recently, structural analysis of the human transferrin and growth hormone
(GH) amino acid sequences has unravelled that they harbor a motif identical to
a pattern found in viral oncoproteins known to bind the primarily nuclear tumor
suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB). Since related signatures had previously
been identified also in insulin and the two insulin-like growth factors (IGFs),
the aim of the current study has been to investigate whether further hints
substantiating these reported homologies can be found in silico. Here,
additional similarities are presented supporting the notion of an insulin
superfamily of growth-promoting proteins with dual localization in the
extracellular environment and the intracellular space, particularly in the
nucleus, as well as characterized by a tropism for RB.


title:
Infinite topology of curve complexes and non-Poincare duality of
  Teichmueller modular groups

abstract:
  In this note, we fill in a gap in the literature by proving that the
Teichmueller modular groups (mapping class groups) are not Poincare duality
groups and the complexes of curves of surfaces have infinite homotopy type
(i.e. are not homotopy equivalent to a finite CW-complex).


title: Is the Mass Scale for Elementary Particles Classically Determined?

abstract:
  We investigate whether a mass scale for elementary particles can be derived
from interactions of particles with distant matter in the Universe, the
mechanism of the interaction being the classical vector potential, propagating
in a space of negative curvature. A possible context for such a mass scale is
conformal gravity. This theory may prove to be renormalizable, since all
coupling constants are dimensionless; conversely, however, there is no coupling
constant analogous to the conventional G to provide a starting point for a mass
scale calculation. We obtain the equations for propagation of the vector
potential of a charged particle moving in a plasma in a curved space. We then
show that distant matter will contribute to A**2, and that this non-thermal
part will eventually dominate the ordinary thermal part. At this point a
symmetry breaking transition of the Coleman-Weinberg type is possible, and
particle masses can be generated with m**2 of order A**2.


title:
Additivity of effective quadrupole moments and angular momentum
  alignments in the A~130 nuclei

abstract:
  The additivity principle of the extreme shell model stipulates that an
average value of a one-body operator be equal to the sum of the core
contribution and effective contributions of valence (particle or hole)
nucleons. For quadrupole moment and angular momentum operators, we test this
principle for highly and superdeformed rotational bands in the A~130 nuclei.
Calculations are done in the self-consistent cranked non-relativistic
Hartree-Fock and relativistic Hartree mean-field approaches. Results indicate
that the additivity principle is a valid concept that justifies the use of an
extreme single-particle model in an unpaired regime typical of high angular
momenta.


title: Renormalization of Singular Potentials and Power Counting

abstract:
  We use a toy model to illustrate how to build effective theories for singular
potentials. We consider a central attractive 1/r^2 potential perturbed by a
1/r^4 correction. The power-counting rule, an important ingredient of effective
theory, is established by seeking the minimum set of short-range counterterms
that renormalize the scattering amplitude. We show that leading-order
counterterms are needed in all partial waves where the potential overcomes the
centrifugal barrier, and that the additional counterterms at next-to-leading
order are the ones expected on the basis of dimensional analysis.


title: Exponential peak and scaling of work fluctuations in modulated systems

abstract:
  We extend the stationary-state work fluctuation theorem to periodically
modulated nonlinear systems. Such systems often have coexisting stable periodic
states. We show that work fluctuations sharply increase near a kinetic phase
transition where the state populations are close to each other. The work
variance is proportional here to the reciprocal rate of interstate switching.
We also show that the variance displays scaling with the distance to a
bifurcation point and find the critical exponent for a saddle-node bifurcation.


title: Stochastic background from extra-galactic double neutron stars

abstract:
  We present Monte Carlo simulations of the extra galactic population of
inspiralling double neutron stars, and estimate its contribution to the
astrophysical gravitational wave background, in the frequency range of ground
based interferometers, corresponding to the last thousand seconds before the
last stable orbit when more than 96 percent of the signal is released. We show
that sources at redshift z>0.5 contribute to a truly continuous background
which may be detected by correlating third generation interferometers.


title:
Multiple extensions of a finite Euler's pentagonal number theorem and
  the Lucas formulas

abstract:
  Motivated by the resemblance of a multivariate series identity and a finite
analogue of Euler's pentagonal number theorem, we study multiple extensions of
the latter formula. In a different direction we derive a common extension of
this multivariate series identity and two formulas of Lucas. Finally we give a
combinatorial proof of Lucas' formulas.


title: Cobordisms of maps with singularities of a given class

abstract:
  Let P be a connected smooth p-manifold. We describe the group of all
cobordism classes of smooth maps of n-manifolds to P with singularities of a
given $cal K$-invariant class in terms of certain stable homotopy groups by
applying the relative homotopy principle on the existence level. We also deal
with the oriented version and construct a classifying space to which this
oriented cobordism group is represented as the set of homotopy classes of P in
the codimension n<p and n\geqq p\geqq 2.


title: Heating and Turbulence Driving by Galaxy Motions in Galaxy Clusters

abstract:
  Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate heating and
turbulence driving in an intracluster medium (ICM) by orbital motions of
galaxies in a galaxy cluster. We consider Ng member galaxies on isothermal and
isotropic orbits through an ICM typical of rich clusters. An introduction of
the galaxies immediately produces gravitational wakes, providing perturbations
that can potentially grow via resonant interaction with the background gas.
When Ng^{1/2}Mg_11 < 100, where Mg_11 is each galaxy mass in units of 10^{11}
Msun, the perturbations are in the linear regime and the resonant excitation of
gravity waves is efficient to generate kinetic energy in the ICM, resulting in
the velocity dispersion sigma_v ~ 2.2 Ng^{1/2}Mg_11 km/s. When Ng^{1/2}Mg_11 >
100, on the other hand, nonlinear fluctuations of the background ICM destroy
galaxy wakes and thus render resonant excitation weak or absent. In this case,
the kinetic energy saturates at the level corresponding to sigma_v ~ 220 km/s.
The angle-averaged velocity power spectra of turbulence driven in our models
have slopes in the range of -3.7 to -4.3. With the nonlinear saturation of
resonant excitation, none of the cooling models considered are able to halt
cooling catastrophe, suggesting that the galaxy motions alone are unlikely to
solve the cooling flow problem.


title: A new twist on Lorenz links

abstract:
  Twisted torus links are given by twisting a subset of strands on a closed
braid representative of a torus link. T--links are a natural generalization,
given by repeated positive twisting. We establish a one-to-one correspondence
between positive braid representatives of Lorenz links and T--links, so Lorenz
links and T--links coincide. Using this correspondence, we identify over half
of the simplest hyperbolic knots as Lorenz knots. We show that both hyperbolic
volume and the Mahler measure of Jones polynomials are bounded for infinite
collections of hyperbolic Lorenz links. The correspondence provides unexpected
symmetries for both Lorenz links and T-links, and establishes many new results
for T-links, including new braid index formulas.


title: The mapping class group and the Meyer function for plane curves

abstract:
  For each d>=2, the mapping class group for plane curves of degree d will be
defined and it is proved that there exists uniquely the Meyer function on this
group. In the case of d=4, using our Meyer function, we can define the local
signature for 4-dimensional fiber spaces whose general fibers are
non-hyperelliptic compact Riemann surfaces of genus 3. Some computations of our
local signature will be given.


title:
Bounding the number of stable homotopy types of a parametrized family of
  semi-algebraic sets defined by quadratic inequalities

abstract:
  We prove a nearly optimal bound on the number of stable homotopy types
occurring in a k-parameter semi-algebraic family of sets in $\R^\ell$, each
defined in terms of m quadratic inequalities. Our bound is exponential in k and
m, but polynomial in $\ell$. More precisely, we prove the following. Let $\R$
be a real closed field and let \[ {\mathcal P} = \{P_1,...,P_m\} \subset
\R[Y_1,...,Y_\ell,X_1,...,X_k], \] with ${\rm deg}_Y(P_i) \leq 2, {\rm
deg}_X(P_i) \leq d, 1 \leq i \leq m$. Let $S \subset \R^{\ell+k}$ be a
semi-algebraic set, defined by a Boolean formula without negations, whose atoms
are of the form, $P \geq 0, P\leq 0, P \in {\mathcal P}$. Let $\pi: \R^{\ell+k}
\to \R^k$ be the projection on the last k co-ordinates. Then, the number of
stable homotopy types amongst the fibers $S_{\x} = \pi^{-1}(\x) \cap S$ is
bounded by \[ (2^m\ell k d)^{O(mk)}. \]


title:
Accelerating Cosmologies in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Theory with
  Dilaton

abstract:
  We study cosmological solutions in the low-energy effective heterotic string
theory, which is the Einstein gravity with Gauss-Bonnet term and the dilaton.
We show that the field equations are cast into an autonomous system for flat
internal and external spaces, and derive all the fixed points in the system. We
also examine the time evolution of the solutions and whether the solutions can
give (transient) accelerated expansion of our four-dimensional space in the
Einstein frame.


title:
Strongly-correlated multi-particle transport in one-dimension through a
  quantum impurity: an outline of exact and complete solutions

abstract:
  We consider the transport properties of multiple-particle quantum states in a
class of one-dimensional systems with a single quantum impurity. In these
systems, the local interaction at the quantum impurity induces strong and
non-trivial correlations between the multi-particles. We outline an exact
theoretical approach, based upon real-space equations of motion and the Bethe
ansatz, that allows one to construct the full scattering matrix (S-matrix) for
these systems. In particular, we emphasize the need for completeness check upon
the eigenstates of the S-matrix, when these states obtained from Bethe Ansatz
are used for describing the scattering properties. As a detailed example of our
approach, we solve the transport properties of two photons incident on a single
two-level atom, when the photons are restricted to a one-dimensional system
such as a photonic crystal waveguide. Our approach predicts a number of novel
nonlinear effects involving only two photons, including background
fluorescence, spatial attraction and repulsion between the photons, as well as
the emergence of a two-photon bound state.


title:
Search for the CP-violating decays $\Upsilon(4S) B0\bar{B}0 J/K0_S +
  J/\psi(\eta_c)K0_S$

abstract:
  We report the first search for CP violating decays of the $\Upsilon(4S)$
using a data sample that contains 535 million $\Upsilon(4S)$ mesons with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+ e^- collider. A partial
reconstruction technique is employed to enhance the signal sensitivity. No
significant signals were observed. We obtain an upper limit of $4 \times
10^{-7}$ at the 90 % confidence level for the branching fractions of the $CP$
violating modes, $\Upsilon(4S) \to B^0\bar{B}^0 \to J/\psi K^0_S +
J/\psi(\eta_c) K^0_S$. Extrapolating the result, we find that an observation
with 5$\sigma$ significance is expected with a 30 ab^{-1} data sample, which is
within the reach of a future super B factory.


title:
Double Lepton Polarization in $\Lambda_b -->\Lambda l^+ l^-$ Decay in
  the Standard Model with Fourth Generations Scenario

abstract:
  This study investigates the influence of the fourth generation quarks on the
double lepton polarizations in \Lambda_b --> \Lambda \ell^+ \ell^- decay by
taking |V^\ast_{t's}V_{t'b}|= 0.005,0.01,0.02,0.03 with phase
\{60^\circ,90^\circ,120^\circ\}. We will try to obtain a constrain on the mass
of the 4th generation top like quark t', which is consistent with the $b-->
s\ell^+\ell^- rate . With the above mentioned parameters, we will try to show
that the double lepton(muon, tau) polarizations are quite sensitive to the
existence of fourth generation. It can serve as a good tool to search for new
physics effects, precisely, to search for the fourth generation quarks(t', b')
via its indirect manifestations in loop diagrams.


title:
The radial breathing-like mode of the collapsed Single-walled carbon
  nanotube bundle under hydrostatic pressure

abstract:
  Using the first principles calculations we have studied the vibrational modes
and Raman spectra of a (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundle
under hydrostatic pressure. Detailed analysis shows that the original radial
breathing mode (RBM) of the SWNT bundle disappears after the structural phase
transition (SPT). And significantly a RBM-like mode appears at about 509
cm^{-1}, which could be considered as a fingerprint of the SPT happened in the
SWNT bundle, and further used to determine the microscopic structure of the
bundle after the SPT.


title:
Classification of free actions on complete intersections of four
  quadrics

abstract:
  In this paper we classify all free actions of finite groups on Calabi-Yau
complete intersection of 4 quadrics in $\PP^7$, up to projective equivalence.
We get some examples of smooth Calabi-Yau threefolds with large nonabelian
fundamental groups. We also observe the relation between some of these examples
and moduli of polarized abelian surfaces.


title:
Raman characteristic peaks induced by the topological defects of Carbon
  Nanotube Intramolecular Junction

abstract:
  The vibrational modes of some single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)
intramolecular junctions (IMJs) have been calculated using the newest Brenner
reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential, based upon which their
nonresonant Raman spectra have been further calculated using the empirical bond
polarizability model. It is found that the Raman peaks induced by pentagon
defects lie out of the $G$-band of the SWNTs, so the high-frequency part of the
Raman spectra of the SWNT IMJs can be used to determine experimentally their
detailed geometrical structures. Also, the intensity of the Raman spectra has a
close relation with the number of pentagon defects in the SWNT IMJs. Following
the Descartes-Euler Polyhedral Formula (DEPF), the number of heptagon defects
in the SWNT IMJs can also be determined. The first-principle calculations are
also performed, verifying the results obtained by the REBO potential. The $G$
band width of the SWNT IMJ can reflect the length of its transition region
between the pentagon and heptagon rings.


title:
Matrix Product Steady States as Superposition of Product Shock Measures
  in 1D Driven Systems

abstract:
  It is known that exact traveling wave solutions exist for families of
(n+1)-states stochastic one-dimensional non-equilibrium lattice models with
open boundaries provided that some constraints on the reaction rates are
fulfilled. These solutions describe the diffusive motion of a product shock or
a domain wall with the dynamics of a simple biased random walker. The steady
state of these systems can be written in terms of linear superposition of such
shocks or domain walls. These steady states can also be expressed in a matrix
product form. We show that in this case the associated quadratic algebra of the
system has always a two-dimensional representation with a generic structure. A
couple of examples for n=1 and n=2 cases are presented.


title:
Suzaku Observations of AWM 7 Cluster of Galaxies: Temperature, Abundance
  and Bulk Motions

abstract:
  We carried out 3 observations of the cluster of galaxies AWM 7, for the
central region and 20'-east and 20'-west offset regions, with Suzaku.
Temperature and abundance profiles are measured out to 27'~ 570 /h_70 kpc,
which corresponded to ~0.35 r_180. The temperature of the intra-cluster medium
(ICM) slightly decreases from 3.8 keV at the center to 3.4 keV in ~0.35 r_180
region, indicating a flatter profile than those in other nearby clusters.
Abundance ratio of Si to Fe is almost constant in our observation, while Mg to
Fe ratio increases with radius from the cluster center. O to Fe ratio in the
west region shows increase with radius, while that in the east region is almost
flat, though the errors are relatively large. These features suggest that the
enrichment process is significantly different between products of type II
supernovae (O and Mg) and those by type Ia supernovae (Si and Fe). We also
examined positional shift of the central energy of He-like Fe-Ka line, in
search of possible rotation of the ICM. The 90% upper limit for the
line-of-sight velocity difference was derived to be v ~ 2000 km/s, suggesting
that the ellipticity of AWM 7 is rather caused by a recent directional infall
of the gas along the large-scale filament.


title: The International Trade Network: weighted network analysis and modelling

abstract:
  Tools of the theory of critical phenomena, namely the scaling analysis and
universality, are argued to be applicable to large complex web-like network
structures. Using a detailed analysis of the real data of the International
Trade Network we argue that the scaled link weight distribution has an
approximate log-normal distribution which remains robust over a period of 53
years. Another universal feature is observed in the power-law growth of the
trade strength with gross domestic product, the exponent being similar for all
countries. Using the 'rich-club' coefficient measure of the weighted networks
it has been shown that the size of the rich-club controlling half of the
world's trade is actually shrinking. While the gravity law is known to describe
well the social interactions in the static networks of population migration,
international trade, etc, here for the first time we studied a non-conservative
dynamical model based on the gravity law which excellently reproduced many
empirical features of the ITN.


title:
Non-equilibrium fluctuations and mechanochemical couplings of a
  molecular motor

abstract:
  We investigate theoretically the violations of Einstein and Onsager
relations, and the efficiency for a single processive motor operating far from
equilibrium using an extension of the two-state model introduced by Kafri {\em
et al.} [Biophys. J. {\bf 86}, 3373 (2004)]. With the aid of the Fluctuation
Theorem, we analyze the general features of these violations and this
efficiency and link them to mechanochemical couplings of motors. In particular,
an analysis of the experimental data of kinesin using our framework leads to
interesting predictions that may serve as a guide for future experiments.


title: Alfven Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion

abstract:
  We investigate the role of Alfven waves in the core-collapse supernova (SN)
explosion. We assume that Alfven waves are generated by convections inside a
proto-neutron star (PNS) and emitted from its surface. Then these waves
propagate outwards, dissipate via nonlinear processes, and heat up matter
around a stalled prompt shock. To quantitatively assess the importance of this
process for the revival of the stalled shock, we perform 1D time-dependent
hydrodynamical simulations, taking into account the heating via the dissipation
of Alfven waves that propagate radially outwards along open flux tubes. We show
that the shock revival occurs if the surface field strength is larger than
~2e15 G and if the amplitude of velocity fluctuation at the PNS surface is
larger than 20% of the local sound speed. Interestingly, the Alfven wave
mechanism is self-regulating in the sense that the explosion energy is not very
sensitive to the surface field strength and initial amplitude of Alfven waves
as long as they are larger than the threshold values given above.


title:
Effect of Protonation on the electronic properties of DNA base pairs:
  Applications for molecular electronics

abstract:
  Protonation of DNA basepairs is a reversible phenomenon which can be
controlled by tuning the pH of the system. Under mild acidic conditions, the
hydrogen bonding pattern of the DNA basepairs undergoes a change. We study the
effect of protonation on the electronic properties of the DNA basepairs to
probe for possible molecular electronics applications. We find that, under mild
acidic pH conditions, the A:T basepair shows excellent rectification behaviour
which is, however, absent in the G:C basepair. The mechanism of rectification
has been discussed using a simple chemical potential model. We also consider
the non-canonical A:A basepair and find that it can be used as efficient pH
dependent molecular switch. The switching action in A:A basepair is explained
in the light of pi-pi interactions which lead to efficient delocalization over
the entire basepair.


title: The International Trade Network

abstract:
  Bilateral trade relationships in the international level between pairs of
countries in the world give rise to the notion of the International Trade
Network (ITN). This network has attracted the attention of network researchers
as it serves as an excellent example of the weighted networks, the link weight
being defined as a measure of the volume of trade between two countries. In
this paper we analyzed the international trade data for 53 years and studied in
detail the variations of different network related quantities associated with
the ITN. Our observation is that the ITN has also a scale invariant structure
like many other real-world networks.


title:
Gap function symmetry and spin dynamics in electron-doped cuprate
  superconductor

abstract:
  An antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuation induced pairing model is proposed
for the electron-doped cuprate superconductors. It suggests that, similar to
the hole-doped side, the superconducting gap function is monotonic
d_{x^2-y^2}-wave and explains why the observed gap function has a nonmonotonic
d_{x^2-y^2}-wave behavior when an AF order is taken into account. Dynamical
spin susceptibility is calculated and shown to be in good agreement with the
experiment. This gives a strong support to the proposed model.


title:
Holomorphic Motions, Fatou Linearization, and Quasiconformal Rigidity
  for Parabolic Germs

abstract:
  By applying holomorphic motions, we prove that a parabolic germ is
quasiconformally rigid, that is, any two topologically conjugate parabolic
germs are quasiconformally conjugate and the conjugacy can be chosen to be more
and more near conformal as long as we consider these germs defined on smaller
and smaller neighborhoods. Before proving this theorem, we use the idea of
holomorphic motions to give a conceptual proof of the Fatou linearization
theorem. As a by-product, we also prove that any finite number of analytic
germs at different points in the Riemann sphere can be extended to a
quasiconformal homeomorphism which can be more and more near conformal as as
long as we consider these germs defined on smaller and smaller neighborhoods of
these points.


title: Flexural phonons in free-standing graphene

abstract:
  Rotation and reflection symmetries impose that out-of-plane (flexural)
phonons of free-standing graphene membranes have a quadratic dispersion at long
wavelength and can be excited by charge carriers in pairs only. As a result, we
find that flexural phonons dominate the phonon contribution to the resistivity
$\rho$ below a crossover temperature T_x where we obtain an anomalous
temperature dependence $\rho\propto T^{5/2}_{}\ln T$. The logarithmic factor
arises from renormalizations of the flexural phonon dispersion due to coupling
between bending and stretching degrees of freedom of the membrane.


title: The quantum challenge on mesoscopic level

abstract:
  Most experts reject the quantum potential introduced by David Bohm in 1952.
But it is impossible to describe some quantum mesoscopic phenomena observed in
superconductor nanostructures without a quantum force.


title:
Expected performance of the GAW Cherenkov Telescopes Array. Simulation
  and Analysis

abstract:
  GAW is a "path-finder" experiment to test the feasibility of a new generation
of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes that join high flux sensitivity
with large field of view capability using Fresnel lens, stereoscopic
observational approach, and single photon counting mode. GAW is an array of
three telescopes that will be erected at the Calar Alto Observatory site
(Spain, 2150 m a.s.l.). To evaluate the performance of GAW, a consistent
data--set has been simulated, including a Crab-like source observation, and a
proper image analysis code has been developed, as described in this
contribution. The expected performance of GAW are also reported, mainly for
what concerns effective area, angular resolution, Cherenkov flux as function of
the core distance, ability in the gamma/proton separation, and sensitivity. The
first telescope realization, foreseen within the end of this year, will allow
to verify if the parameters used in the analysis are in agreement with the
"real" performance of the GAW apparatus.


title: Raman modes of the deformed single-wall carbon nanotubes

abstract:
  With the empirical bond polarizability model, the nonresonant Raman spectra
of the chiral and achiral single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under uniaxial
and torsional strains have been systematically studied by \textit{ab initio}
method. It is found that both the frequencies and the intensities of the
low-frequency Raman active modes almost do not change in the deformed
nanotubes, while their high-frequency part shifts obviously. Especially, the
high-frequency part shifts linearly with the uniaxial tensile strain, and two
kinds of different shift slopes are found for any kind of SWCNTs. More
interestingly, new Raman peaks are found in the nonresonant Raman spectra under
torsional strain, which are explained by a) the symmetry breaking and b) the
effect of bond rotation and the anisotropy of the polarizability induced by
bond stretching.