title:
Reducing conjugacy in the full diffeomorphism group of R to conjugacy in
  the subgroup of orientation-preserving maps

abstract:
  Let $\Diffeo=\Diffeo(\R)$ denote the group of infinitely-differentiable
diffeomorphisms of the real line $\R$, under the operation of composition, and
let $\Diffeo^+$ be the subgroup of diffeomorphisms of degree +1, i.e.
orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms. We show how to reduce the problem of
determining whether or not two given elements $f,g\in \Diffeo$ are conjugate in
$\Diffeo$ to associated conjugacy problems in the subgroup $\Diffeo^+$. The
main result concerns the case when $f$ and $g$ have degree -1, and specifies
(in an explicit and verifiable way) precisely what must be added to the
assumption that their (compositional) squares are conjugate in $\Diffeo^+$, in
order to ensure that $f$ is conjugated to $g$ by an element of $\Diffeo^+$. The
methods involve formal power series, and results of Kopell on centralisers in
the diffeomorphism group of a half-open interval.


title: Noise-assisted spike propagation in myelinated neurons

abstract:
  We consider noise-assisted spike propagation in myelinated axons within a
multi-compartment stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley model. The noise originates from a
finite number of ion channels in each node of Ranvier. For the subthreshold
internodal electric coupling, we show that (i) intrinsic noise removes the
sharply defined threshold for spike propagation from node to node, and (ii)
there exists an optimum number of ion channels which allows for the most
efficient signal propagation and it corresponds to the actual physiological
values.


title:
Cross Section and Tensor Analysing Power of the $\vec{d}d\to \eta\alpha$
  Reaction Near Threshold

abstract:
  The angular distributions of the unpolarised differential cross section and
tensor analysing power $A_{xx}$ of the $\vec{d}d\to\alpha \eta$ reaction have
been measured at an excess energy of 16.6 MeV. The ambiguities in the
partial-wave description of these data are made explicit by using the invariant
amplitude decomposition. This allows the magnitude of the s-wave amplitude to
be extracted and compared with results published at lower energies. In this
way, firmer bounds could be obtained on the scattering length of the $\eta
\alpha$ system. The results do not, however, unambiguously prove the existence
of a quasi-bound $\eta \alpha$ state.


title: Belief functions on lattices

abstract:
  We extend the notion of belief function to the case where the underlying
structure is no more the Boolean lattice of subsets of some universal set, but
any lattice, which we will endow with a minimal set of properties according to
our needs. We show that all classical constructions and definitions (e.g., mass
allocation, commonality function, plausibility functions, necessity measures
with nested focal elements, possibility distributions, Dempster rule of
combination, decomposition w.r.t. simple support functions, etc.) remain valid
in this general setting. Moreover, our proof of decomposition of belief
functions into simple support functions is much simpler and general than the
original one by Shafer.


title: Spectra of Nearby Galaxies Measured with a New Very Broadband Receiver

abstract:
  Three-millimeter-wavelength spectra of a number of nearby galaxies have been
obtained at the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) using a new,
very broadband receiver. This instrument, which we call the Redshift Search
Receiver, has an instantaneous bandwidth of 36 GHz and operates from 74 to
110.5 GHz. The receiver has been built at UMass/FCRAO to be part of the initial
instrumentation for the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) and is intended
primarily for determination of the redshift of distant, dust-obscured galaxies.
It is being tested on the FCRAO 14m by measuring the 3mm spectra of a number of
nearby galaxies. There are interesting differences in the chemistry of these
galaxies.


title: Quantum symmetries and exceptional collections

abstract:
  We study the interplay between discrete quantum symmetries at certain points
in the moduli space of Calabi-Yau compactifications, and the associated
identities that the geometric realization of D-brane monodromies must satisfy.
We show that in a wide class of examples, both local and compact, the monodromy
identities in question always follow from a single mathematical statement. One
of the simplest examples is the Z_5 symmetry at the Gepner point of the
quintic, and the associated D-brane monodromy identity.


title: Improved implementation of nonclassicality test for a single particle

abstract:
  Recently a test of nonclassicality for a single qubit was proposed [R. Alicki
and N. Van Ryn, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41, 062001 (2008)]. We present an
optimized experimental realization of this test leading to a 46 standard
deviation violation of classicality. This factor of 5 improvement over our
previous result was achieved by moving from the infrared to the visible where
we can take advantage of higher efficiency and lower noise photon detectors.


title:
Opacity effects and shock-in-jet modelling of low-level activity in
  Cygnus X-3

abstract:
  We present simultaneous dual-frequency radio observations of Cygnus X-3
during a phase of low-level activity. We constrain the minimum variability
timescale to be 20 minutes at 43 GHz and 30 minutes at 15 GHz, implying source
sizes of 2 to 4 AU. We detect polarized emission at a level of a few per cent
at 43 GHz which varies with the total intensity. The delay of approximately 10
minutes between the peaks of the flares at the two frequencies is seen to
decrease with time, and we find that synchrotron self-absorption and free-free
absorption by entrained thermal material play a larger role in determining the
opacity than absorption in the stellar wind of the companion. A shock-in-jet
model gives a good fit to the lightcurves at all frequencies, demonstrating
that this mechanism, which has previously been used to explain the brighter,
longer-lived giant outbursts in this source, is also applicable to these
low-level flaring events. Assembling the data from outbursts spanning over two
orders of magnitude in flux density shows evidence for a strong correlation
between the peak brightness of an event, and the timescale and frequency at
which this is attained. Brighter flares evolve on longer timescales and peak at
lower frequencies. Analysis of the fitted model parameters suggests that
brighter outbursts are due to shocks forming further downstream in the jet,
with an increased electron normalisation and magnetic field strength both
playing a role in setting the strength of the outburst.


title: Metal-Insulator Transition and Orbital Order in PbRuO3

abstract:
  Anomalous low temperature electronic and structural behaviour has been
discovered in PbRuO3. The structure (space group Pnma, a = 5.56314(1), b =
7.86468(1), c = 5.61430(1) A) and metallic conductivity at 290 K are similar to
those of SrRuO3 and other ruthenate perovskites, but a sharp metal-insulator
transition at which the resistivity increases by four orders of magnitude is
discovered at 90 K. This is accompanied by a first order structural transition
to an Imma phase (a = 5.56962(1), b = 7.74550(1), c = 5.66208(1) A at 25 K)
that shows a coupling of Ru4+ 4d orbital order to distortions from Pb2+ 6s6p
orbital hybridization. The Pnma to Imma transition is an unconventional
reversal of the group-subgroup symmetry relationship. No long range magnetic
order is evident down to 1.5 K. Electronic structure calculations show that
hybridization of Pb 6s6p and Ru 4d orbitals and strong spin-orbit coupling
stabilise this previously hidden ground state for ruthenate perovskites


title: Jets and Measurements of alpha-s

abstract:
  A survey is presented of recent measurements in jet physics, and improved
determinations of the QCD coupling constant alpha_s that these have made
possible.


title:
Piezoelectric and optical setup to measure an electrical field:
  Application to the longitudinal near-field generated by a tapered coax

abstract:
  We propose a new setup to measure an electrical field in one direction. This
setup is made of a piezoelectric sintered lead zinconate titanate film and an
optical interferometric probe. We used this setup to investigate how the shape
of the extremity of a coaxial cable influences the longitudinal electrical
near-field generated by it. For this application, we designed our setup to have
a spatial resolution of 100 um in the direction of the electrical field.
Simulations and experiments are presented.


title: Unveiling the high energy tail of 1E 1740.7-2942 with INTEGRAL

abstract:
  The microquasar 1E 1740.7-2942 is observed with Integral since Spring 2003.
Here, we report on the source high energy behaviour by using the first three
years of data collected with SPI and IBIS telescopes, taking advantage of the
instruments complementarity. Light curves analysis showed two main states for
1E 1740.7-2942: the canonical low/hard state of black-hole candidates and a
``dim'' state, characterised by a ~ 20 times fainter emission, detected only
below 50 keV and when summing more than 1Ms of data. For the first time the
continuum of the low/hard state has been measured up to ~ 600 keV with a
spectrum that is well represented by a thermal Comptonization plus an
additional component necessary to fit the data above 200 keV. This high energy
component could be related to non-thermal processes as already observed in
other black-hole candidates. Alternatively, we show that a model composed by
two thermal Comptonizations provides an equally representative description of
the data: the temperature of the first population of electrons results as
(kTe)_1 ~ 30 keV while the second, (kTe)_2, is fixed at 100 keV.
  Finally, searching for 511 keV line showed no feature, either narrow or
broad, transient or persistent.


title: Chiral dynamics, structure of Lambda(1405), and Kbar N phenomenology

abstract:
  We investigate the structure of the Lambda(1405) resonance and Kbar N
phenomenology in the perspective of chiral SU(3) dynamics. Utilizing the chiral
coupled-channel approach which well describes the Kbar N scattering observable,
we perform three different analyses to clarify the structure of the
Lambda(1405) resonance. The results consistently indicate the meson-baryon
molecule picture of the Lambda(1405). We argue the consequence of the chiral
dynamics in Kbar N phenomenology and the antikaon bound state in nucleus,
emphasizing the important role of the strong pi Sigma interaction.


title: Time-evolving measures and macroscopic modeling of pedestrian flow

abstract:
  This paper deals with the early results of a new model of pedestrian flow,
conceived within a measure-theoretical framework. The modeling approach
consists in a discrete-time Eulerian macroscopic representation of the system
via a family of measures which, pushed forward by some motion mappings, provide
an estimate of the space occupancy by pedestrians at successive time steps.
  From the modeling point of view, this setting is particularly suitable to
treat nonlocal interactions among pedestrians, obstacles, and wall boundary
conditions. In addition, analysis and numerical approximation of the resulting
mathematical structures, which is the main target of this work, follow more
easily and straightforwardly than in case of standard hyperbolic conservation
laws, also used in the specialized literature by some Authors to address
analogous problems.


title:
Construction and operation of a Double Phase LAr Large Electron
  Multiplier Time Projection Chamber

abstract:
  We successfully operated a novel kind of LAr Time Projection Chamber based on
a Large Electron Multiplier (LEM) readout system. The prototype, of about 3
liters active volume, is operated in liquid-vapour (double) phase pure Ar. The
ionization electrons, after drifting in the LAr volume, are extracted by a set
of grids into the gas phase and driven into the holes of a double stage LEM,
where charge amplification occurs. Each LEM is a thick macroscopic hole
multiplier of 10x10 cm$^2$ manufactured with standard PCB techniques. The
electrons signal is readout via two orthogonal coordinates, one using the
induced signal on the segmented upper electrode of the LEM itself and the other
by collecting the electrons on a segmented anode. Custom-made preamplifiers
have been especially developed for this purpose. Cosmic ray tracks have been
successfully observed in pure gas at room temperature and in double phase Ar
operation. We believe that this proof of principle represents an important
milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr
detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as
well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.


title:
Generation of Magnetic Fields by the Stationary Accretion Shock
  Instability

abstract:
  We begin an exploration of the capacity of the stationary accretion shock
instability (SASI) to generate magnetic fields by adding a weak, stationary,
and radial (but bipolar) magnetic field, and in some cases rotation, to an
initially spherically symmetric fluid configuration that models a stalled shock
in the post-bounce supernova environment. In axisymmetric simulations we find
that cycles of latitudinal flows into and radial flows out of the polar regions
amplify the field parallel to the symmetry axis, typically increasing the total
magnetic energy by about two orders of magnitude. Nonaxisymmetric calculations
result in fundamentally different flows and a larger magnetic energy increase:
shearing associated with the SASI spiral mode contributes to a widespread and
turbulent field amplification mechanism, boosting the magnetic energy by almost
four orders of magnitude (a result which remains very sensitive to the spatial
resolution of the numerical simulations). While the SASI may contribute to
neutron star magnetization, these simulations do not show qualitatively new
features in the global evolution of the shock as a result of SASI-induced
magnetic field amplification.


title: Taming Nonrenormalizability

abstract:
  Nonrenormalizable scalar fields, such as \varphi^4_n, n\ge5, require
infinitely many distinct counter terms when perturbed about the free theory,
and lead to free theories when defined as the continuum limit of a lattice
regularized theory restricted only to arbitrary mass and coupling constant
renormalization. Based on the proposal that functional integrals for
interacting nonrenormalizable models do not reduce to the expression for the
free field functional integral as the coupling constant vanishes -- a proposal
supported by the fact that even the set of classical solutions for such models
does not reduce to the set of free field solutions as the coupling constant
vanishes -- it has been conjectured that for nonrenormalizable models the
interaction term acts partially as a hard core eliminating certain fields
otherwise allowed by the free theory. As a consequence, interacting models are
continuously connected to a pseudofree theory that takes into account the hard
core as the coupling constant vanishes, and this general view is supported not
only by simple quantum mechanical examples as well as soluble but
nonrelativistic nonrenormalizable models. The present article proposes a
pseudofree model for relativistic nonrenormalizable models about which it is
argued that a perturbation expansion of the interaction is term-by-term
divergence free.


title:
Broadcasting in Prefix Space: P2P Data Dissemination with Predictable
  Performance

abstract:
  A broadcast mode may augment peer-to-peer overlay networks with an efficient,
scalable data replication function, but may also give rise to a virtual link
layer in VPN-type solutions. We introduce a simple broadcasting mechanism that
operates in the prefix space of distributed hash tables without signaling. This
paper concentrates on the performance analysis of the prefix flooding scheme.
Starting from simple models of recursive $k$-ary trees, we analytically derive
distributions of hop counts and the replication load. Extensive simulation
results are presented further on, based on an implementation within the OverSim
framework. Comparisons are drawn to Scribe, taken as a general reference model
for group communication according to the shared, rendezvous-point-centered
distribution paradigm. The prefix flooding scheme thereby confirmed its widely
predictable performance and consistently outperformed Scribe in all metrics.
Reverse path selection in overlays is identified as a major cause of
performance degradation.


title: Light-cone analysis of ungauged and topologically gauged BLG theories

abstract:
  We consider three-dimensional maximally superconformal
Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) theory and its topologically gauged version
(constructed recently in arXiv:0809.4478 [hep-th]) in the light-cone gauge.
After eliminating the entire Chern-Simons gauge field, the ungauged BLG theory
looks more conventional and, apart from the order of the interaction terms,
resembles N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. The light-cone
superspace version of the BLG theory is given to quadratic and quartic order
and some problems with constructing the sixth order interaction terms are
discussed. In the topologically gauged case, we analyze the field equations
related to the three Chern-Simons type terms of N=8 conformal supergravity and
discuss some of the special features of this theory and its couplings to BLG.


title:
Identity and divergence of protein domain architectures after the Yeast
  Whole Genome Duplication event

abstract:
  Analyzing the properties of duplicate genes during evolution is useful to
understand the development of new cell functions. The yeast S. cerevisiae is a
useful testing ground for this problem, because its duplicated genes with
different evolutionary birth and destiny are well distinguishable. In
particular, there is a clear detection for the occurrence of a Whole Genome
Duplication (WGD) event in S. cerevisiae, and the genes derived from this event
(WGD paralogs) are known. We studied WGD and non-WGD duplicates by two parallel
analysis based on structural protein domains and on Gene Ontology annotation
scheme respectively. The results show that while a large number of
``duplicable'' structural domains is shared in local and global duplications,
WGD and non-WGD paralogs tend to have different functions. The reason for this
is the existence of WGD and non-WGD specific domains with largely different
functions. In agreement with the recent findings of Wapinski and collaborators
(Nature 449, 2007), WGD paralogs often perform ``core'' cell functions, such as
translation and DNA replication, while local duplications associate with
``peripheral'' functions such as response to stress. Our results also support
the fact that domain architectures are a reliable tool to detect homology, as
the domains of duplicates are largely invariant with date and nature of the
duplication, while their sequences and also their functions might migrate.


title: Gevrey solutions of irregular hypergeometric systems in two variables

abstract:
  We describe the Gevrey series solutions at singular points of the irregular
hypergeometric system (GKZ system) associated with an affine plane monomial
curve. We also describe the irregularity complex of such a system with respect
to its singular support.


title: Signatures of unstable semiclassical trajectories in tunneling

abstract:
  It was found recently that processes of multidimensional tunneling are
generally described at high energies by unstable semiclassical trajectories. We
study two observational signatures related to the instability of trajectories.
First, we find an additional power-law dependence of the tunneling probability
on the semiclassical parameter as compared to the standard case of potential
tunneling. The second signature is substantial widening of the probability
distribution over final-state quantum numbers. These effects are studied using
modified semiclassical technique which incorporates stabilization of the
tunneling trajectories. The technique is derived from first principles. We
obtain expressions for the inclusive and exclusive tunneling probabilities in
the case of unstable semiclassical trajectories. We also investigate the "phase
transition" between the cases of stable and unstable trajectories across
certain "critical" value of energy. Finally, we derive the relation between the
semiclassical probabilities of tunneling from the low-lying and highly excited
initial states. This puts on firm ground a conjecture made previously in the
semiclassical description of collision-induced tunneling in field theory.


title:
Gevrey solutions of the irregular hypergeometric system associated with
  an affine monomial curve

abstract:
  We describe the Gevrey series solutions at singular points of the irregular
hypergeometric system (GKZ system) associated with an affine monomial curve. We
also describe the irregularity complex of such a system with respect to its
singular support. We use restriction and some results in D-module theory to
reduce our study to the two dimensional case.


title:
Thermal Evolution of the Non Supersymmetric Metastable Vacua in N=2
  SU(2) SYM Softly Broken to N=1

abstract:
  It has been shown that four dimensional N=2 gauge theories, softly broken to
N=1 by a superpotential term, can accommodate metastable non-supersymmetric
vacua in their moduli space. We study the SU(2) theory at high temperatures in
order to determine whether a cooling universe settles in the metastable vacuum
at zero temperature. We show that the corrections to the free energy because of
the BPS dyons are such that may destroy the existence of the metastable vacuum
at high temperatures. Nevertheless we demonstrate the universe can settle in
the metastable vacuum, provided that the following two conditions are hold:
first the superpotential term is not arbitrarily small in comparison to the
strong coupling scale of the gauge theory, and second the metastable vacuum
lies in the strongly coupled region of the moduli space.


title: Atomic quasi-Bragg diffraction in a magnetic field

abstract:
  We report on a new technique to split an atomic beam coherently with an
easily adjustable splitting angle. In our experiment metastable helium atoms in
the |{1s2s}^3S_1 M=1> state diffract from a polarization gradient light field
formed by counterpropagating \sigma^+ and \sigma^- polarized laser beams in the
presence of a homogeneous magnetic field. In the near-adiabatic regime, energy
conservation allows the resonant exchange between magnetic energy and kinetic
energy. As a consequence, symmetric diffraction of |M=0> or |M=-1> atoms in a
single order is achieved, where the order can be chosen freely by tuning the
magnetic field. We present experimental results up to 6th order diffraction (24
\hbar k momentum splitting, i.e., 2.21 m/s in transverse velocity) and present
a simple theoretical model that stresses the similarity with conventional Bragg
scattering. The resulting device constitutes a flexible, adjustable,
large-angle, three-way coherent atomic beam splitter with many potential
applications in atom optics and atom interferometry.


title:
A combinatorial description of the $U^2=0$ version of Heegaard Floer
  homology

abstract:
  We show that every 3--manifold admits a Heegaard diagram in which a truncated
version of Heegaard Floer homology (when the holomorpic disks pass through the
basepoints at most once) can be computed combinatorially.


title: Anomalous properties of the local dynamics in polymer glasses

abstract:
  The emergence of nanoscience has increased the importance of experiments able
to probe the very local structure of materials, especially for disordered and
heterogeneous systems. This is technologically important; for example, the
nanoscale structure of glassy polymers has a direct correlation with their
macroscopic physical properties. We have discovered how a local, high frequency
dynamic process can be used to monitor and even predict macroscopic behavior in
glassy polymers. Polyvinylethylenes vitrified by different chemical and
thermodynamic pathways exhibit different densities in the glassy state. We find
that the rate and amplitude of a high frequency relaxation mode (the
Johari-Goldstein process involving local motion of segments of the chain
backbone) can either correlate or anti-correlate with the density. This implies
that neither the unoccupied (free) volume nor the configurational entropy
governs the local dynamics in any general sense. Rather it is the magnitude of
the fluctuations in local density that underlie these nm-scale motions. We show
how properties of the dynamics and the density fluctuations can both be
interpreted in terms of an asymmetric double well potential. Finally, since
fluctuations underlie the macroscopic properties, we argue that information
about the latter should be obtainable from characterization of the local
dynamics.


title: Existence and stability of foliations by J-holomorphic spheres

abstract:
  We study the existence and stability of holomorphic foliations in dimension
greater than 4 under perturbations of the underlying almost complex structure.
An example is given to show that, unlike in dimension 4, J-holomorphic
foliations are not stable under large perturbations of almost complex
structure.


title: Rationally connected foliations on surfaces

abstract:
  In this short note we study foliations with rationally connected leaves on
surfaces. Our main result is that on surfaces there exists a polarisation such
that the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of the tangent bundle with respect to
this polarisation yields the maximal rationally quotient of the surface.


title: Photoionisation loading of large Sr+ ion clouds with ultrafast pulses

abstract:
  This paper reports on photoionisation loading based on ultrafast pulses of
singly-ionised strontium ions in a linear Paul trap. We take advantage of an
autoionising resonance of Sr neutral atoms to form Sr+ by two-photon absorption
of femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 431nm. We compare this technique to
electron-bombardment ionisation and observe several advantages of
photoionisation. It actually allows the loading of a pure Sr+ ion cloud in a
low radio-frequency voltage amplitude regime. In these conditions up to 4x10^4
laser-cooled Sr+ ions were trapped.


title: A Cloning Pushout Approach to Term-Graph Transformation

abstract:
  We address the problem of cyclic termgraph rewriting. We propose a new
framework where rewrite rules are tuples of the form $(L,R,\tau,\sigma)$ such
that $L$ and $R$ are termgraphs representing the left-hand and the right-hand
sides of the rule, $\tau$ is a mapping from the nodes of $L$ to those of $R$
and $\sigma$ is a partial function from nodes of $R$ to nodes of $L$. $\tau$
describes how incident edges of the nodes in $L$ are connected in $R$. $\tau$
is not required to be a graph morphism as in classical algebraic approaches of
graph transformation. The role of $\sigma$ is to indicate the parts of $L$ to
be cloned (copied). Furthermore, we introduce a new notion of \emph{cloning
pushout} and define rewrite steps as cloning pushouts in a given category.
Among the features of the proposed rewrite systems, we quote the ability to
perform local and global redirection of pointers, addition and deletion of
nodes as well as cloning and collapsing substructures.


title:
Epeak estimator for Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by the Swift Burst Alert
  Telescope

abstract:
  We report a correlation based on a spectral simulation study of the prompt
emission spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Swift Burst Alert
Telescope (BAT). The correlation is between the Epeak energy, which is the peak
energy in the \nu F_\nu spectrum, and the photon index (\Gamma) derived from a
simple power-law model. The Epeak - \Gamma relation, assuming the typical
smoothly broken power-law spectrum of GRBs, is \log Epeak = 3.258 - 0.829\Gamma
(1.3 < \Gamma < 2.3). We take into account not only a range of Epeak energies
and fluences, but also distributions for both the low-energy photon index and
the high-energy photon index in the smoothly broken power-law model. The
distribution of burst durations in the BAT GRB sample is also included in the
simulation. Our correlation is consistent with the index observed by BAT and
Epeak measured by the BAT, and by other GRB instruments. Since about 85% of
GRBs observed by the BAT are acceptably fit with the simple power-law model
because of the relatively narrow energy range of the BAT, this relationship can
be used to estimate Epeak when it is located within the BAT energy range.


title: Toolbox

abstract: Contains various tools for preferential and related logics


title:
Parity non-conservation in beta-decay of nuclei: revisiting experiment
  and theory fifty years after. IV. Parity breaking models

abstract:
  This part offers a survey of models proposed to cope with the
symmetry-breaking challenge. Among them are the two-component neutrinos, the
neutrino twins, the universal Fermi interaction, etc. Moreover, the broken
discrete symmetries in physics are very much on the agenda and may occupy
considerable time for LHC experiments next year aimed at revealing the
symmetry-breaking mechanisms.


title:
On the $\pi$ and $K$ as $q \bar q$ Bound States and Approximate
  Nambu-Goldstone Bosons

abstract:
  We reconsider the two different facets of $\pi$ and $K$ mesons as $q \bar q$
bound states and approximate Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We address several topics,
including masses, mass splittings between $\pi$ and $\rho$ and between $K$ and
$K^*$, meson wavefunctions, charge radii, and the $K-\pi$ wavefunction overlap.


title: Simplicity in the Structure of QED and Gravity Amplitudes

abstract:
  We investigate generic properties of one-loop amplitudes in unordered gauge
theories in four dimensions. For such theories the organisation of amplitudes
in manifestly crossing symmetric expressions poses restrictions on their
structure and results in remarkable cancellations. We show that one-loop
multi-photon amplitudes in QED with at least eight external photons are given
only by scalar box integral functions. This QED `no-triangle' property is true
for all helicity configurations and has similarities to the `no-triangle'
property found in the case of maximal N = 8 supergravity. Results are derived
both via a world-line formalism as well as using on-shell unitarity methods. We
show that the simple structure of the loop amplitude originates from the
extremely good BCFW scaling behaviour of the QED tree-amplitude.


title:
The strange history of B functions or how theoretical chemists and
  mathematicians do (not) interact

abstract:
  $B$ functions are a class of relatively complicated exponentially decaying
basis functions. Since the molecular multicenter integrals of the much simpler
Slater-type functions are notoriously difficult, it is not at all obvious why
$B$ functions should offer any advantages. However, $B$ functions have Fourier
transforms of exceptional simplicity, which greatly simplifies many of their
molecular multicenter integrals. This article discusses the historical
development of $B$ functions from the perspective of the interaction between
mathematics and theoretical chemistry, which traditionally has not been very
good. Nevertheless, future progress in theoretical chemistry depends very much
on a fertile interaction with neighboring disciplines.


title:
Lambda-prophage induction modeled as a cooperative failure mode of lytic
  repression

abstract:
  We analyze a system-level model for lytic repression of lambda-phage in E.
coli using reliability theory, showing that the repressor circuit comprises 4
redundant components whose failure mode is prophage induction. Our model
reflects the specific biochemical mechanisms involved in regulation, including
long-range cooperative binding, and its detailed predictions for prophage
induction in E. coli under ultra-violet radiation are in good agreement with
experimental data.


title: Phase estimation for thermal Gaussian states

abstract:
  We give the optimal bounds on the phase-estimation precision for mixed
Gaussian states in the single-copy and many-copy regimes. Specifically, we
focus on displaced thermal and squeezed thermal states. We find that while for
displaced thermal states an increase in temperature reduces the estimation
fidelity, for squeezed thermal states a larger temperature can enhance the
estimation fidelity. The many-copy optimal bounds are compared with the minimum
variance achieved by three important single-shot measurement strategies. We
show that the single-copy canonical phase measurement does not always attain
the optimal bounds in the many-copy scenario. Adaptive homodyning schemes do
attain the bounds for displaced thermal states, but for squeezed states they
yield fidelities that are insensitive to temperature variations and are,
therefore, sub-optimal. Finally, we find that heterodyne measurements perform
very poorly for pure states but can attain the optimal bounds for sufficiently
mixed states. We apply our results to investigate the influence of losses in an
optical metrology experiment. In the presence of losses squeezed states cease
to provide Heisenberg limited precision and their performance is close to that
of coherent states with the same mean photon number.


title: Coherent Patterning of Matter Waves with Subwavelength Localization

abstract:
  We propose the Subwavelength Localization via Adiabatic Passage (SLAP)
technique to coherently achieve state-selective patterning of matter waves well
beyond the diffraction limit. The SLAP technique consists in coupling two
partially overlapping and spatially structured laser fields to three internal
levels of the matter wave yielding state-selective localization at those
positions where the adiabatic passage process does not occur. We show that by
means of this technique matter wave localization down to the single nanometer
scale can be achieved. We analyze in detail the potential implementation of the
SLAP technique for nano-lithography with an atomic beam of metastable Ne* and
for coherent patterning of a two-component 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate.


title: Adinkras for Clifford Algebras, and Worldline Supermultiplets

abstract:
  Adinkras are a graphical depiction of representations of the N-extended
supersymmetry algebra in one dimension, on the worldline. These diagrams
represent the component fields in a supermultiplet as vertices, and the action
of the supersymmetry generators as edges. In a previous work, we showed that
the chromotopology (topology with colors) of an Adinkra must come from a doubly
even binary linear code. Herein, we relate Adinkras to Clifford algebras, and
use this to construct, for every such code, a supermultiplet corresponding to
that code. In this way, we correlate the well-known classification of
representations of Clifford algebras to the classification of Adinkra
chromotopologies.


title:
Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and neutron-anti-neutron Oscillation from
  Baryogenesis

abstract:
  It has been recently proposed that the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the
universe may have its origin in "post-sphaleron baryogenesis" (PSB). It is a
TeV scale mechanism that is testable at the LHC and other low energy
experiments. In this paper we present a theory of PSB within a quark-lepton
unified scheme based on the gauge group $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times SU(4)_c$
that allows a direct connection between the baryon asymmetry and neutrino mass
matrix. The flavor changing neutral current constraints on the model allow
successful baryogenesis only for an inverted mass hierarchy for neutrinos,
which can be tested in the proposed long base line neutrino experiments. The
model also predicts observable neutron--antineutron oscillation accessible to
the next generation of experiments as well as TeV scale colored scalars within
reach of LHC.


title: The Detectability Lemma and Quantum Gap Amplification

abstract:
  The quantum analogue of a constraint satisfaction problem is a sum of local
Hamiltonians - each local Hamiltonian specifies a local constraint whose
violation contributes to the energy of the given quantum state. Formalizing the
intuitive connection between the ground (minimal) energy of the Hamiltonian and
the minimum number of violated constraints is problematic, since the number of
constraints being violated is not well defined when the terms in the
Hamiltonian do not commute. The detectability lemma proved in this paper
provides precisely such a quantitative connection. We apply the lemma to derive
a quantum analogue of a basic primitive in classical complexity: amplification
of probabilities by random walks on expander graphs. It holds under the
restriction that the interaction graph of the local Hamiltonian is an expander.
Our proofs are based on a novel structure imposed on the Hilbert space that we
call the $XY$ decomposition, which enables a reduction from the quantum
non-commuting case to the commuting case (where many classical arguments go
through).
  The results may have several interesting implications. First, proving a
quantum analogue to the PCP theorem is one of the most important challenges in
quantum complexity theory. Our quantum gap amplification lemma may be viewed as
the quantum analogue of the first of the three main steps in Dinur's PCP proof.
Quantum gap amplification may also be related to spectral gap amplification,
and in particular, to fault tolerance of adiabatic computation. Finally, the
detectability lemma, and the $XY$ decomposition provide a handle on the
structure of local Hamiltonians and their ground states.


title: Double bubbles in $S^3$ and $H^3$

abstract:
  We prove the double bubble conjecture in the three-sphere $S^3$ and
hyperbolic three-space $H^3$ in the cases where we can apply Hutchings theory:
1) in $S^3$, each enclosed volume and the complement occupy at least 10% of the
volume of $S^3$; 2) in $H^3$, the smaller volume is at least 85% that of the
larger. A balancing argument and asymptotic analysis reduce the problem in
$S^3$ and $H^3$ to some computer checking. The computer analysis has been
designed and fully implemented for both spaces.


title: The footprint of E7 in amplitudes of N=8 supergravity

abstract:
  We study the low energy theorems associated with the non-linearly realized
continuous E7 symmetry of the on-shell N=8 supergravity. For Nambu-Goldstone
bosons we evaluate the one-soft-scalar-bosonemission amplitudes by computing
the E7 current matrix element on the one-particle external lines. We use the
explicit form of the conserved E7 Noether current and prove that all such
matrix elements vanish in the soft momentum limit,assuming the SU(8) symmetry
of the S-matrix.This implies that all tree amplitudes vanish in the
one-soft-boson limit. We also discuss the implications of unbroken E7 symmetry
for higher-order amplitudes.


title:
The L723 low mass star forming protostellar system: resolving a double
  core

abstract:
  We present 1.35 mm SMA observations around the low-mass Class 0 source IRAS
19156+1906, at the the center of the L723 dark cloud. We detected emission from
dust as well as emission from H2CO, DCN and CN, which arise from two cores, SMA
1 and SMA 2, separated by 2.9" (880 AU). SMA 2 is associated with VLA 2. SiO
5-4 emission is detected, possibly tracing a region of interaction between the
dense envelope and the outflow. We modeled the dust and the H2CO emission from
the two cores: they have similar physical properties but SMA 2 has a larger
p-H2CO abundance than SMA 1. The p-H2CO abundances found are compatible with
the value of the outer part of the circumstellar envelopes associated with
Class 0 sources. SMA 2 is likely more evolved than SMA 1. The kinematics of the
two sources show marginal evidence of infall and rotation motions. The mass
detected by the SMA observation, which trace scales of ~1000 AU, is only a
small fraction of the mass contained in the large scale molecular envelope,
which suggests that L723 is still in a very early phase of star formation.
Despite the apparent quiescent nature of the L723, fragmentation is occurring
at the center of the cloud at different scales. Thus, at 1000 AU the cloud has
fragmented in two cores, SMA 1 and SMA 2. At the same time, at least one of
these cores, SMA 2, has undergone additional fragmentation at scales of 150 AU,
forming a multiple stellar system.


title: Magnetohydrodynamic jets from different magnetic field configurations

abstract:
  Using axisymmetric MHD simulations we investigate how the overall jet
formation is affected by a variation in the disk magnetic flux profile and/or
the existence of a central stellar magnetosphere. Our simulations evolve from
an initial, hydrostatic equilibrium state in a force-free magnetic field
configuration. We find a unique relation between the collimation degree and the
disk wind magnetization power law exponent. The collimation degree decreases
for steeper disk magnetic field profiles. Highly collimated outflows resulting
from a flat profile tend to be unsteady. We further consider a magnetic field
superposed of a stellar dipole and a disk field in parallel or anti-parallel
alignment. Both stellar and disk wind may evolve in a pair of outflows,
however, a reasonably strong disk wind component is essential for jet
collimation. Strong flares may lead to a sudden change in mass flux by a factor
two. We hypothesize that such flares may eventually trigger jet knots.


title: N=8 Supergravity 4-point Amplitudes

abstract:
  We present the explicit expressions in N=8 supergravity for the bosonic
4-particle tree and 1-loop amplitudes including vectors and scalars. We also
present the candidate 4-point UV divergences in a form of helicity amplitudes,
corresponding to 3-loop manifestly N=8 supersymmetric and Lorentz covariant
counterterm. This may shed some light on the 3-loop finiteness of N=8 SG and on
a conjectured higher loop finiteness. We perform a supersymmetric deformation
to complex momentum of the 4-point generating function including higher-loop
counterterms and the 1-loop UV finite amplitudes. Using the explicit form of
the scalar part of the 3-loop counterterm and of the 1-loop UV finite scalar
4-point amplitudes we find that they both have an unbroken E7 symmetry. We
derive from E7 symmetry the low-energy theorem for the 1-loop n-point
amplitudes.


title: Principal gradient schemes have regular reduced closed subschemes

abstract:
  We prove that principal gradient schemes have regular reduced subschemes. We
also obtain a regularity criterion for reduced quotient rings.


title: Entanglement and level crossings in frustrated ferromagnetic rings

abstract:
  We study the entanglement content of a class of mesoscopic tunable magnetic
systems. The systems are closed finite spin-1/2 chains with ferromagnetic
nearest-neighbor interactions frustrated by antiferromagnetic
next-nearest-neighbor interactions. The finite chains display a series of level
crossings reflecting the incommensurate physics of the corresponding
infinite-size chain. We present dramatic entanglement signatures characterizing
these unusual level crossings. We focus on multi-spin and global measures of
entanglement rather than only one-spin or two-spin entanglements. We compare
and contrast the information obtained from these measures to that obtained from
traditional condensed matter measures such as correlation functions.


title: On the origin of eccentricities among extrasolar planets

abstract:
  Most observed extrasolar planets have masses similar to, but orbits very
different from, the gas giants of our solar system. Many are much closer to
their parent stars than would have been expected and their orbits are often
rather eccentric. We show that some of these planets might have formed in
systems much like our solar system, i.e. in systems where the gas giants were
originally on orbits with a semi-major axis of several au, but where the masses
of the gas giants were all rather similar. If such a system is perturbed by
another star, strong planet-planet interactions follow, causing the ejection of
several planets while leaving those remaining on much tighter and more
eccentric orbits. The eccentricity distribution of these perturbed systems is
very similar to that of the observed extrasolar planets with semi-major axis
between 1 and 6 au.


title: The gravitational lens J1131-1231 - How to avoid missing an opportunity

abstract:
  So far the lens J1131-1231 has been studied only at optical and X-ray
wavelengths. A detection in the radio was almost missed as a result of an
incorrect position and archive problems. A direct analysis of NVSS uv data - in
contrast to the catalogue or images alone - provided sufficient evidence of a
detection to justify further radio investigations. The system was subsequently
observed with MERLIN and the EVN in e-VLBI mode. Even though MERLIN seems to
show the lensed star-forming regions and the compact cores, a preliminary
analysis of the EVN data only shows an AGN in the lens itself but not the
lensed cores. Additional VLA observations will be carried out soon.


title: Non-unitarisable representations and random forests

abstract:
  We establish a connection between Dixmier's unitarisability problem and the
expected degree of random forests on a group. As a consequence, a residually
finite group is non-unitarisable if its first L2-Betti number is non-zero or if
it is finitely generated with non-trivial cost. Our criterion also applies to
torsion groups constructed by D. Osin, thus providing the first examples of
non-unitarisable groups not containing a non-Abelian free subgroup.


title:
Reply to the Comment [arXiv:0810.3247v1] by G. L. Klimchitskaya et al.
  on "Application of the Lifshitz theory to poor conductors"

abstract:
  It is shown that the claims expressed in the Comment arXiv:0810.3247v1
against my paper Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 163603 (2008) [arXiv:0809.3901]
are obviously wrong or not essential.


title: Spontaneous R-Parity Breaking and Left-Right Symmetry

abstract:
  We propose a simple renormalizable left-right theory where R-parity is
spontaneously broken and neutrino masses are generated through the Type I
seesaw mechanism and R-parity violation. In this theory R-parity and the gauge
symmetry are broken by the sneutrino vacuum expectation values and there is no
Majoron problem. The SU(2)_R and R-parity violation scales are determined by
the SUSY breaking scale making the model very predictive. We discuss the
spectrum and possible tests of the theory through the neutralinos, charginos,
Z^' and W_R decays at the Large Hadron Collider.


title: Computing Irreducible Decomposition of Monomial Ideals

abstract:
  The paper presents two algorithms for finding irreducible decomposition of
monomial ideals. The first one is recursive, derived from staircase structures
of monomial ideals. This algorithm has a good performance for highly
non-generic monomial ideals. The second one is an incremental algorithm, which
computes decompositions of ideals by adding one generator at a time. Our
analysis shows that the second algorithm is more efficient than the first one
for generic monomial ideals. Furthermore, the time complexity of the second
algorithm is at most $O(n^2p\ell)$ where $n$ is the number of variables, $p$ is
the number of minimal generators and $\ell$ is the number of irreducible
components. Another novelty of the second algorithm is that, for generic
monomial ideals, the intermediate storage is always bounded by the final output
size which may be exponential in the input size.


title:
Low-temperature magneto-thermal transport investigation of a Ni-based
  superconductor BaNi2As2: Evidence for fully gapped superconductivity

abstract:
  We have performed low-temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity
measurements of the Ni-based superconductor BaNi$_2$As$_2$ ($T_\mathrm{c}$ =
0.7 K) in magnetic field. In zero field, thermal conductivity shows $T$-linear
behavior in the normal state and exhibits a BCS-like exponential decrease below
$T_\mathrm{c}$. The field dependence of the residual thermal conductivity
extrapolated to zero temperature is indicative of a fully gapped
superconductor. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the specific
heat data, which are well fit by the BCS temperature dependence from
$T_\mathrm{c}$ down to the lowest temperature of 0.1 K.


title:
ADI finite difference schemes for option pricing in the Heston model
  with correlation

abstract:
  This paper deals with the numerical solution of the Heston partial
differential equation that plays an important role in financial option pricing,
Heston (1993, Rev. Finan. Stud. 6). A feature of this time-dependent,
two-dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction equation is the presence of a
mixed spatial-derivative term, which stems from the correlation between the two
underlying stochastic processes for the asset price and its variance.
  Semi-discretization of the Heston PDE, using finite difference schemes on a
non-uniform grid, gives rise to large systems of stiff ordinary differential
equations. For the effective numerical solution of these systems, standard
implicit time-stepping methods are often not suitable anymore, and tailored
time-discretization methods are required. In the present paper, we investigate
four splitting schemes of the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) type: the
Douglas scheme, the Craig & Sneyd scheme, the Modified Craig & Sneyd scheme,
and the Hundsdorfer & Verwer scheme - each of which contains a free parameter.
  ADI schemes were not originally developed to deal with mixed
spatial-derivative terms. Accordingly, we first discuss the adaptation of the
above four ADI schemes to the Heston equation. Subsequently, we present various
numerical examples with realistic data sets from the literature, where we
consider European call options as well as down-and-out barrier options.
Combined with ample theoretical stability results for ADI schemes that have
recently been obtained in In 't Hout & Welfert (2007, Appl. Numer. Math.), we
arrive at three ADI schemes that all prove to be very effective in the
numerical solution of the Heston PDE with a mixed derivative term.


title:
Using ages and kinematic traceback: the origin of young local
  associations

abstract:
  Over the last decade, several groups of young (mainly low-mass) stars have
been discovered in the solar neighbourhood (closer than ~100 pc), thanks to
cross-correlation between X-ray, optical spectroscopy and kinematic data. These
young local associations offer insights into the star formation process in
low-density environments, shed light on the substellar domain, and could have
played an important role in the recent history of the local interstellar
medium. Ages estimates for these associations have been derived in the
literature by several ways. In this work we have studied the kinematic
evolution of young local associations and their relation to other young stellar
groups and structures in the local interstellar medium, thus casting new light
on recent star formation processes in the solar neighbourhood. We compiled the
data published in the literature for young local associations, including the
astrometric data from the new Hipparcos reduction. Using a realistic Galactic
potential we integrated the orbits for these associations and the Sco-Cen
complex back in time. Combining these data with the spatial structure of the
Local Bubble and the spiral structure of the Galaxy, we propose a recent
history of star formation in the solar neighbourhood. We suggest that both the
Sco-Cen complex and young local associations originated as a result of the
impact of the inner spiral arm shock wave against a giant molecular cloud. The
core of the giant molecular cloud formed the Sco-Cen complex, and some small
cloudlets in a halo around the giant molecular cloud formed young local
associations several million years later. We also propose a supernova in young
local associations a few million years ago as the most likely candidate to have
reheated the Local Bubble to its present temperature.


title: Thermal noise of microcantilevers in viscous fluids

abstract:
  We present a simple theoretical framework to describe the thermal noise of a
microscopic mechanical beam in a viscous fluid: we use the Sader approach to
describe the effect of the surrounding fluid (added mass and viscous drag), and
the fluctuation dissipation theorem for each flexural modes of the system to
derive a general expression for the power spectrum density of fluctuations.
This prediction is compared with an experimental measurement on a commercial
atomic force microscopy cantilever in a frequency range covering the two first
resonances. A very good agreement is found on the whole spectrum, with no
adjustable parameters but the thickness of the cantilever.


title:
Formation of relativistic MHD jets: stationary state solutions &
  numerical simulations

abstract:
  We discuss numerical results of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jet
formation models. We first review some examples of stationary state solutions
treating the collimation and acceleration process of relativistic MHD jets. We
provide an a posteriori check for the MHD condition in highly magnetized flows,
namely the comparison of particle density to Goldreich-Julian density. Using
the jet dynamical parameters calculated from the MHD model we show the
rest-frame thermal X-ray spectra of the jet, from which we derive the overall
spectrum taking into account a variation of Doppler boosting and Doppler shift
of emission lines along the outflow. Finally, we present preliminary results of
relativistic MHD simulations of jet formation demonstrating the acceleration of
a low velocity (0.01c) disk wind to a collimated high velocity (0.8c).


title: Operator Methods for the Time Evolution of Wave Functions

abstract:
  A method based off of operator consideration for solving the time evolution
of a wave function is developed. The method is applied to free space, constant
force and harmonic oscillator potentials where general solutions are derived
for the wave function time evolutions for these potentials. Solving the
Heisenberg equations of motion is discussed. A method to obtain exact solutions
to Heisenberg's equations of motion is developed based off of solutions of
classical equations of motion. Approximation methods for the time evolution of
operators and wave functions are developed. A connection between classical and
quantum chaos is made where it is realized that whenever a classical system
behaves chaotically, the quantum system will as well.


title: Spontaneous flow states in active nematics: a unified picture

abstract:
  Continuum hydrodynamic models of active liquid crystals have been used to
describe dynamic self-organising systems such as bacterial swarms and
cytoskeletal gels. A key prediction of such models is the existence of
self-stabilising kink states that spontaneously generate fluid flow in
quasi-one dimensional channels. Using simple stability arguments and numerical
calculations we extend previous studies to give a complete characterisation of
the phase space for both contractile and extensile particles (ie pullers and
pushers) moving in a narrow channel as a function of their flow alignment
properties and initial orientation. This gives a framework for unifying many of
the results in the literature. We describe the response of the kink states to
an imposed shear, and investigate how allowing the system to be polar modifies
its dynamical behaviour.


title: Theory of Single File Diffusion in a Force Field

abstract:
  The dynamics of hard-core interacting Brownian particles in an external
potential field is studied in one dimension. Using the Jepsen line we find a
very general and simple formula relating the motion of the tagged center
particle, with the classical, time dependent single particle reflection ${\cal
R}$ and transmission ${\cal T}$ coefficients. Our formula describes rich
physical behaviors both in equilibrium and the approach to equilibrium of this
many body problem.


title: A CM construction for curves of genus 2 with p-rank 1

abstract:
  We construct Weil numbers corresponding to genus-2 curves with $p$-rank 1
over the finite field $\F_{p^2}$ of $p^2$ elements. The corresponding curves
can be constructed using explicit CM constructions. In one of our algorithms,
the group of $\F_{p^2}$-valued points of the Jacobian has prime order, while
another allows for a prescribed embedding degree with respect to a subgroup of
prescribed order. The curves are defined over $\F_{p^2}$ out of necessity: we
show that curves of $p$-rank 1 over $\F_p$ for large $p$ cannot be efficiently
constructed using explicit CM constructions.


title: Ising spin glass transition in magnetic field out of mean-field

abstract:
  The spin-glass transition in external magnetic field is studied both in and
out of the limit of validity of mean-field theory on a diluted one dimensional
chain of Ising spins where exchange bonds occur with a probability decaying as
the inverse power of the distance. Varying the power in this long-range model
corresponds, in a one-to-one relationship, to change the dimension in
spin-glass short-range models. Evidence for a spin-glass transition in magnetic
field is found also for systems whose equivalent dimension is below the upper
critical dimension at zero magnetic field.


title:
An integral boundary layer equation for film flow over inclined wavy
  bottoms

abstract:
  We study the flow of an incompressible liquid film down a wavy incline.
Applying a Galerkin method with only one ansatz function to the Navier-Stokes
equations we derive a second order weighted residual integral boundary layer
equation, which in particular may be used to describe eddies in the troughs of
the wavy bottom. We present numerical results which show that our model is
qualitatively and quantitatively accurate in wide ranges of parameters, and we
use the model to study some new phenomena, for instance the occurrence of a
short wave instability for laminar flows which does not exist over flat bottom.


title:
Infinitely Robust Order and Local Order-Parameter Tulips in Apollonian
  Networks with Quenched Disorder

abstract:
  For a variety of quenched random spin systems on an Apollonian network,
including ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bond percolation and the Ising
spin glass, we find the persistence of ordered phases up to infinite
temperature over the entire range of disorder. We develop a
renormalization-group technique that yields highly detailed information,
including the exact distributions of local magnetizations and local spin-glass
order parameters, which turn out to exhibit, as function of temperature,
complex and distinctive tulip patterns.


title:
Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of S106 Cluster-Forming Region with
  SIRPOL

abstract:
  We present the results of wide-field JHKs polarimetry toward the HII region
S106 using the IRSF (Infrared Survey Facility) telescope. Our polarimetry data
revealed an extended (up to ~ 5') polarized nebula over S106. We confirmed the
position of the illuminating source of most of the nebula as consistent with
S106 IRS4 through an analysis of polarization vectors. The bright portion of
the polarized intensity is consistent with the red wing component of the
molecular gas. Diffuse polarized intensity emission is distributed along the
north--south molecular gas lanes. We found the interaction region between the
radiation from S106 IRS4 and the dense gas. In addition, we also discovered two
small polarization nebulae, SIRN1 and SIRN2, associated with a young stellar
objects (YSO). Aperture polarimetry of point-like sources in this region was
carried out for the first time. The regional magnetic field structures were
derived using point-like source aperture polarimetry, and the magnetic field
structure position angle around the cluster region in S106 was found to be ~
120$\arcdeg$. The magnetic fields in the cluster region, however, have three
type position angles: ~ 20$\arcdeg$, ~ 80$\arcdeg$, and ~ 120$\arcdeg$. The
present magnetic field structures are consistent with results obtained by
submillimeter continuum observations. We found that the magnetic field
direction in the dense gas region is not consistent with that of the low
density gas region.


title: A novel non-Fermi-liquid state in the iron-pnictide FeCrAs

abstract:
  We report transport and thermodynamic properties of stoichiometric single
crystals of the hexagonal iron-pnictide FeCrAs. The in-plane resistivity shows
an unusual "non-metallic" dependence on temperature T, rising continuously with
decreasing T from ~ 800 K to below 100 mK. The c-axis resistivity is similar,
except for a sharp drop upon entry into an antiferromagnetic state at T_N 125
K. Below 10 K the resistivity follows a non-Fermi-liquid power law, rho(T) =
rho_0 - AT^x with x<1, while the specific heat shows Fermi liquid behaviour
with a large Sommerfeld coefficient, gamma ~ 30 mJ/mol K^2. The high
temperature properties are reminiscent of those of the parent compounds of the
new layered iron-pnictide superconductors, however the T -> 0 properties
suggest a new class of non-Fermi liquid.


title: Star Formation and Molecular Clouds at High Galactic Latitude

abstract:
  In this chapter we review the young stars and molecular clouds found at high
Galactic latitudes $(|b| \ge 30^\circ)$. These are mostly associated with two
large-scale structures on the sky, the Gould Belt and the Taurus star formation
region, and a handful of molecular clouds including MBM 12 and MBM 20 which, as
a population, consist of the nearest star formation sites to our Sun. There are
also a few young stars that are found in apparent isolation far from any
molecular cloud. The high latitude clouds are primarily translucent molecular
clouds and diffuse Galactic cirrus with the majority of them seen at high
latitude simply due to their proximity to the Sun. The rare exceptions are
those, like the Draco and other intermediate or high velocity clouds, found
significantly above or below the Galactic plane. We review the processes that
result in star formation within these low density and extraplanar environments
as well as the mechanisms for production of isolated T Tauri stars. We present
and discuss the known high-latitude stellar nurseries and young stellar
objects.


title: Helioseismic data inclusion in solar dynamo models

abstract:
  An essential ingredient in kinematic dynamo models is the velocity field
within the solar convection zone. In particular, the differential rotation is
now well constrained by helioseismic observations. Helioseismology also gives
us information about the depth-dependence of the meridional circulation in the
near-surface layers. The typical velocity inputs used in solar dynamo models,
however, continue to be an analytic fit to the observed differential rotation
and a theoretically constructed meridional flow profile that matches only the
peak flow speed at the surface. Here we take the first steps towards realistic
helioseismic data assimilation, by presenting methodologies for constructing
differential rotation and meridional circulation profiles that more closely
conform to the observational constraints currently available. We also present
simulations driven by the assimilated rotation and four plausible profiles for
the internal meridional circulation -- all of which match the helioseismically
inferred near-surface depth-dependence, but whose magnitudes are made to vary.
We discuss how the results compare with those that are driven by purely
analytic fits. Our results indicate that the latitudinal shear of the rotation
in the bulk of the solar convection zone plays a more important role, than
either the tachocline or surface radial shear, in the induction of toroidal
field. We also find that it is the speed of the equatorward counter-flow in the
meridional flow at the base of the convection zone, and not how far into the
radiative interior it penetrates, that primarily determines the dynamo cycle
period. Given that improved helioseismic constraints are expected to be
available in the future, our analysis lays the basis for assimilating these
data within dynamo models.


title:
Image Slicer Performances from a Demonstrator for the SNAP/JDEM Mission
  - Part I: Wavelength Accuracy

abstract:
  A well-adapted visible and infrared spectrograph has been developed for the
SNAP (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) experiment proposed for JDEM. The
instrument should have a high sensitivity to see faint supernovae but also a
good redshift determination better than 0.003(1+z) and a precise
spectrophotometry (2%). An instrument based on an integral field method with
the powerful concept of imager slicing has been designed. A large prototyping
effort has been performed in France which validates the concept. In particular
a demonstrator reproducing the full optical configuration has been built and
tested to prove the optical performances both in the visible and in the near
infrared range. This paper is the first of two papers. The present paper focus
on the wavelength measurement while the second one will present the
spectrophotometric performances. We adress here the spectral accuracy expected
both in the visible and in the near infrared range in such configuration and we
demonstrate, in particular, that the image slicer enhances the instrumental
performances in the spectral measurement precision by removing the slit effect.
This work is supported in France by CNRS/INSU/IN2P3 and by the French spatial
agency (CNES) and in US by the University of California.


title:
GRB optical afterglow and redshift selection effects: The learning curve
  effect at work

abstract:
  We show how the observed gamma ray burst (GRB) optical afterglow (OA) and
redshift distributions are changing in time from selection effects. For a
subset of {\it Swift} triggered long duration bursts, we show that the mean
time taken to acquire spectroscopic redshifts for a GRB OA has evolved to
shorter times. We identify a strong correlation between the mean time taken to
acquire a spectroscopic redshift and the measured redshift. This correlation
reveals that shorter response times favour smaller redshift bursts. This is
compelling evidence for a selection effect that biases longer response times
with relatively brighter high redshift bursts. Conversely, for shorter response
times, optically fainter bursts that are relatively closer are bright enough
for spectroscopic redshifts to be acquired. This selection effect could explain
why the average redshift, $<z>\approx2.8$ measured in 2005, has evolved to
$<z>\approx2$, by mid 2008. Understanding these selection effects provides an
important tool for separating the contributions of intrinsically faint bursts,
those obscured by host galaxy dust and bursts not seen in the optical because
their OAs are observed at late times. The study highlights the importance of
rapid response telescopes capable of spectroscopy, and identifies a new
redshift selection effect that has not been considered previously, namely the
response time to measure the redshift.


title: Leggett's theorem without inequalities

abstract:
  We prove a no-go theorem for a class of hidden variables theories that
satisfy parameter independence. Specifically, we show that, assuming two
conditions, there are no non-trivial hidden variables models of the quantum
predictions for product measurements on two systems in any maximally entangled
state in a Hilbert space of dimension at least 3x3. The two conditions are
parameter independence and a condition that we call conditional parameter
independence. The result is analogous to the recent no-go theorems based on
Leggett's inequalities and their generalisations.


title:
Evidence of photospheric vortex flows at supergranular junctions
  observed by FG/SOT (Hinode)

abstract:
  Twisting motions of different nature are observed in several layers of the
solar atmosphere. Chromospheric sunspot whorls and rotation of sunspots or even
higher up in the lower corona sigmoids are examples of the large scale twisted
topology of many solar features. Nevertheless, their occurrence at large scale
in the quiet photosphere has not been investigated. The present study reveals
the existence of vortex flows located at the supergranular junctions of the
quiet Sun. We use a 1-hour and a 5-hour time series of the granulation in Blue
continuum and G-band images from FG/SOT to derive the photospheric flows. A
feature tracking technique called Balltracking is performed to track the
granules and reveal the underlying flow fields. In both time series we identify
long-lasting vortex flow located at supergranular junctions. The first vortex
flow lasts at least 1 hour and is ~20-arcsec-wide (~15.5 Mm). The second vortex
flow lasts more than 2 hours and is ~27-arcsec-wide (~21 Mm).


title:
Extended Lyman Alpha Nebulae at z ~ 2.3: An Extremely Rare and Strongly
  Clustered Population?

abstract:
  To obtain an unbiased sample of bright LyA blobs [L(LyA) > 10^43 ergs/s], we
have undertaken a blind, wide-field, narrow-band imaging survey in the NOAO
Deep Wide Field Survey Bootes field with the Steward Bok-2.3m telescope. After
searching over 4.82 sq. degrees at z=2.3, we discover four LyA blobs with
L(LyA) = 1.6-5.3 x 10^43 ergs/s, isophotal areas of 28-57 sq. arcsec, and broad
LyA line profiles (FWHM = 900-1250 km/s). In contrast with the extended Lyman
alpha halos associated with high-z radio galaxies, none of our four blobs are
radio-loud. The X-ray luminosities and optical spectra of these blobs are
diverse. Two blobs (3 and 4) are X-ray-detected with L_X(2-7 keV) = 2-4 x 10^44
ergs/s and have broad optical emission lines (C IV) characteristic of AGN,
implying that 50% of our sample blobs are associated with strong AGN. The other
50% of blobs (1 and 2) are not X-ray or optically-detected as AGN down to
similar limits. The number density of the four blobs is ~3 x 10^{-6} Mpc^{-3},
comparable to that of galaxy clusters at similar redshifts and 3x lower than
that found in the SSA22 proto-cluster at z=3.1, even after accounting for the
over-density of that region. The two X-ray undetected blobs are separated by
only 70" (550 kpc) and have almost identical redshifts (< 360 kpc along the
line-of-sight), suggesting that they are part of the same system. Given the
rarity of the blobs and our discovery of a close pair, we speculate that blobs
occupy the highest density regions and thus may be precursors of today's rich
cluster galaxies.


title: A Universal Magnification Theorem for Higher-Order Caustic Singularities

abstract:
  We prove that, independent of the choice of a lens model, the total signed
magnification always sums to zero for a source anywhere in the four-image
regions of swallowtail, elliptic umbilic, and hyperbolic umbilic caustics. This
is a more global and higher-order analog of the well-known fold and cusp
magnification relations, in which the total signed magnification in the
two-image region of the fold, and the three-image region of the cusp, are both
always zero. As an application, we construct a lensing observable for the
hyperbolic umbilic magnification relation and compare it with the corresponding
observables for the cusp and fold relations using a singular isothermal
ellipsoidal lens. We demonstrate the greater generality of the hyperbolic
umbilic magnification relation by showing how it applies to the fold image
doublets and cusp image triplets, and extends to image configurations that are
neither. We show that the results are applicable to the study of substructure
on galactic scales using observed quadruple images of lensed quasars. The
magnification relations are also proved for generic 1-parameter families of
mappings between planes, extending their potential range of applicability
beyond lensing.


title: Binar Sort: A Linear Generalized Sorting Algorithm

abstract:
  Sorting is a common and ubiquitous activity for computers. It is not
surprising that there exist a plethora of sorting algorithms. For all the
sorting algorithms, it is an accepted performance limit that sorting algorithms
are linearithmic or O(N lg N). The linearithmic lower bound in performance
stems from the fact that the sorting algorithms use the ordering property of
the data. The sorting algorithm uses comparison by the ordering property to
arrange the data elements from an initial permutation into a sorted
permutation.
  Linear O(N) sorting algorithms exist, but use a priori knowledge of the data
to use a specific property of the data and thus have greater performance. In
contrast, the linearithmic sorting algorithms are generalized by using a
universal property of data-comparison, but have a linearithmic performance
lower bound. The trade-off in sorting algorithms is generality for performance
by the chosen property used to sort the data elements.
  A general-purpose, linear sorting algorithm in the context of the trade-off
of performance for generality at first consideration seems implausible. But,
there is an implicit assumption that only the ordering property is universal.
But, as will be discussed and examined, it is not the only universal property
for data elements. The binar sort is a general-purpose sorting algorithm that
uses this other universal property to sort linearly.


title: Binar Shuffle Algorithm: Shuffling Bit by Bit

abstract:
  Frequently, randomly organized data is needed to avoid an anomalous operation
of other algorithms and computational processes. An analogy is that a deck of
cards is ordered within the pack, but before a game of poker or solitaire the
deck is shuffled to create a random permutation. Shuffling is used to assure
that an aggregate of data elements for a sequence S is randomly arranged, but
avoids an ordered or partially ordered permutation.
  Shuffling is the process of arranging data elements into a random
permutation. The sequence S as an aggregation of N data elements, there are N!
possible permutations. For the large number of possible permutations, two of
the possible permutations are for a sorted or ordered placement of data
elements--both an ascending and descending sorted permutation. Shuffling must
avoid inadvertently creating either an ascending or descending permutation.
  Shuffling is frequently coupled to another algorithmic function --
pseudo-random number generation. The efficiency and quality of the shuffle is
directly dependent upon the random number generation algorithm utilized. A more
effective and efficient method of shuffling is to use parameterization to
configure the shuffle, and to shuffle into sub-arrays by utilizing the encoding
of the data elements. The binar shuffle algorithm uses the encoding of the data
elements and parameterization to avoid any direct coupling to a random number
generation algorithm, but still remain a linear O(N) shuffle algorithm.


title: Noncommutative Koszul Algebras from Combinatorial Topology

abstract:
  Associated to any uniform finite layered graph Gamma there is a
noncommutative graded quadratic algebra A(Gamma) given by a construction due to
Gelfand, Retakh, Serconek and Wilson. It is natural to ask when these algebras
are Koszul. Unfortunately, a mistake in the literature states that all such
algebras are Koszul. That is not the case and the theorem was recently
retracted. We analyze the Koszul property of these algebras for two large
classes of graphs associated to finite regular CW complexes, X. Our methods are
primarily topological. We solve the Koszul problem by introducing new
cohomology groups H_X(n,k), generalizing the usual cohomology groups H^n(X).
Along with several other results, our methods give a new and primarily
topological proof of a result of Serconek and Wilson and of Piontkovski.


title:
Gravitational-wave memory revisited: memory from the merger and recoil
  of binary black holes

abstract:
  Gravitational-wave memory refers to the permanent displacement of the test
masses in an idealized (freely-falling) gravitational-wave interferometer.
Inspiraling binaries produce a particularly interesting form of memory--the
Christodoulou memory. Although it originates from nonlinear interactions at 2.5
post-Newtonian order, the Christodoulou memory affects the gravitational-wave
amplitude at leading (Newtonian) order. Previous calculations have computed
this non-oscillatory amplitude correction during the inspiral phase of binary
coalescence. Using an "effective-one-body" description calibrated with the
results of numerical relativity simulations, the evolution of the memory during
the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases, as well as the memory's final
saturation value, are calculated. Using this model for the memory, the
prospects for its detection are examined, particularly for supermassive black
hole binary coalescences that LISA will detect with high signal-to-noise
ratios. Coalescing binary black holes also experience center-of-mass recoil due
to the anisotropic emission of gravitational radiation. These recoils can
manifest themselves in the gravitational-wave signal in the form of a "linear"
memory and a Doppler shift of the quasi-normal-mode frequencies. The prospects
for observing these effects are also discussed.


title: On counting rings of integers as Galois modules

abstract:
  Let $K$ be a number field and $G$ a finite abelian group. We study the
asymptotic behaviour of the number of tamely ramified $G$-extensions of $K$
with ring of integers of fixed realisable class as a Galois module.


title: Super fidelity and related metric

abstract:
  We report a new metric of quantum states. This metric is build up from
super-fidelity, which has deep connection with the Uhlmann-Jozsa fidelity and
plays an important role in quantifying entanglement. We find that the new
metric possess some interesting properties.


title:
LDA+Gutzwiller Method for Correlated Electron Systems: Formalism and Its
  Applications

abstract:
  We introduce in detail our newly developed \textit{ab initio} LDA+Gutzwiller
method, in which the Gutzwiller variational approach is naturally incorporated
with the density functional theory (DFT) through the "Gutzwiller density
functional theory (GDFT)" (which is a generalization of original Kohn-Sham
formalism). This method can be used for ground state determination of electron
systems ranging from weakly correlated metal to strongly correlated insulators
with long-range ordering. We will show that its quality for ground state is as
high as that by dynamic mean field theory (DMFT), and yet it is computationally
much cheaper. In additions, the method is fully variational, the charge-density
self-consistency can be naturally achieved, and the quantities, such as total
energy, linear response, can be accurately obtained similar to LDA-type
calculations. Applications on several typical systems are presented, and the
characteristic aspects of this new method are clarified. The obtained results
using LDA+Gutzwiller are in better agreement with existing experiments,
suggesting significant improvements over LDA or LDA+U.


title:
Azimuthal Modulational Instability of Vortices in the Nonlinear
  Schr\"odinger Equation

abstract:
  We study the azimuthal modulational instability of vortices with different
topological charges, in the focusing two-dimensional nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger
(NLS) equation. The method of studying the stability relies on freezing the
radial direction in the Lagrangian functional of the NLS in order to form a
quasi-one-dimensional azimuthal equation of motion, and then applying a
stability analysis in Fourier space of the azimuthal modes. We formulate
predictions of growth rates of individual modes and find that vortices are
unstable below a critical azimuthal wave number. Steady state vortex solutions
are found by first using a variational approach to obtain an asymptotic
analytical ansatz, and then using it as an initial condition to a numerical
optimization routine. The stability analysis predictions are corroborated by
direct numerical simulations of the NLS. We briefly show how to extend the
method to encompass nonlocal nonlinearities that tend to stabilize solutions.


title: Co-induced nano-structures on Si(111) surface

abstract:
  The interaction of cobalt atoms with silicon (111) surface has been
investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy
electron diffraction (LEED). Besides the Co silicide islands, we have
successfully distinguished two inequivalent Co-induced
$\sqrt{13}\times\sqrt{13}$ reconstructions on Si (111) surface. Our
high-resolution STM images provide some structural properties of the two
different $\sqrt{13}\times\sqrt{13}$ derived phases. Both of the two phases
seem to form islands with single domain. The new findings will help us to
understand the early stage of Co silicide formations.


title:
Anisotropic magnetic and superconducting properties of aligned
  weak-ferromagnetic superconductor RuSr$_2$RCu$_2$O$_8$ (R = rare earths)

abstract:
  The powder alignment method is used to investigate the anisotropic physical
properties of the weak-ferromagnetic superconductor system RuSr2RCu2O8 (R = Pr,
Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Gd0.5Dy0.5). The RuSr2GdCu2O8 cuprate is a weak-ferromagnetic
superconductor with a magnetic ordering of Ru moments at TN(Ru) = 131 K, a
superconducting transition in the CuO2 layers at Tc = 56 K, and a low
temperature Gd antiferromagnetic ordering at TN(Gd) = 2.5 K. Due to weak
magnetic anisotropy of this tetragonal system, highly c-axis aligned
microcrystalline powder (diameter ~ 1-10 $\mu$m) in epoxy can be obtained only
for R = Eu and Gd through the field-rotation powder alignment method where
c-axis is perpendicular to the aligned magnetic field Ba = 0.9 T and parallel
to the rotation axis. For smaller rare earth compound R = Gd0.5Dy0.5, powder
alignment can be achieved using the simple field powder alignment method where
c-axis is partially aligned along the aligned magnetic field. The anisotropic
temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility for the c-axis aligned
powders exhibit weak anisotropy with $\chi_{c} > \chi_{ab}$ at room temperature
due to anisotropic rare earth, Eu and Gd, contribution and crossover to
$\chi_{c} < \chi_{ab}$ below 190 K where strong Ru anisotropic short-range
exchange interaction overtakes the rare earth contribution. Anisotropic
diamagnetic superconducting intragrain shielding signal of aligned
microcrystalline RuSr2GdCu2O8 powder-in-epoxy below vortex lattice melting
temperature at 39 K in 1-G field is much weaker than the intergrain
polycrystalline bulk sample signal due to the small grain size (d ~ 1-10
$\mu$m), long penetration depth ($\lambda_{ab}$ ~ 0.55 $\mu$m, $\lambda_{c}$ ~
0.66 $\mu$m) and the two-dimensional (2D) character of CuO2 layers.


title:
Mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to Higgs boson production in gluon
  fusion

abstract:
  We compute the 3-loop O(\alpha \alpha_s) correction to the Higgs boson
production cross section arising from light quarks using an effective theory
approach. Our calculation probes the factorization of QCD and electroweak
perturbative corrections to this process. We combine our results with the best
current estimates for contributions from top and bottom quarks to derive an
updated theoretical prediction for the Higgs boson production cross section in
gluon fusion. With the use of the MSTW 2008 parton distribution functions that
include the newest experimental data, our study results in cross sections
approximately 4-6% lower for intermediate Higgs boson masses than those used in
recent Tevatron analyses that imposed a 95% confidence level exclusion limit of
a Standard Model Higgs boson with M_H=170 GeV.


title: Smoothing out Negative Tension Brane

abstract:
  We propose an extension of the five dimensional gravitational action with an
external source in order to allow arbitrary smoothing of the negative tension
brane in the Randall-Sundrum model. This extended action can be derived from a
model with an auxiliary four form field coupled to the gravity. We point out a
further generalization of our model in relation to tachyon condensation. A
possible mechanism for radion stabilization in our model is also discussed.


title:
An extension of a logarithmic form of Cramer's ruin theorem to some
  FARIMA and related processes

abstract:
  Cramer's theorem provides an estimate for the tail probability of the maximum
of a random walk with negative drift and increments having a moment generating
function finite in a neighborhood of the origin. The class of (g,F)-processes
generalizes in a natural way random walks and fractional ARIMA models used in
time series analysis. For those (g,F)-processes with negative drift, we obtain
a logarithmic estimate of the tail probability of their maximum, under
conditions comparable to Cramer's. Furthermore, we exhibit the most likely
paths as well as the most likely behavior of the innovations leading to a large
maximum.


title: Transport through a double quantum dot with interdot repulsion

abstract:
  We study transport through a double quantum dot with interdot hopping $t$,
intradot repulsion $U$ and interdot repulsion $U^{\prime}$, using the numerical
renormalization group (NRG) method. At half-filling, the conductances in
two-terminal series and four-terminal parallel configuration are calculated via
two phase shifts for quasi-particles of double quantum dot connected to two
noninteracting leads with hybridization strength $\Gamma$. For small values of
$t/\Gamma$ and $U^{\prime}/U$, conductance in the two-terminal series
configuration is suppressed to almost zero. In this region, plateau of
conductance in the four-terminal parallel configuration appears and almost
reaches a unitary limit value $4e^{2}/h$ of two conducting modes. For large
values of $t/\Gamma$ or $U^{\prime}/U$, both conductances are suppressed to
almost zero. The conductance in the two-terminal series configuration almost
reaches a unitary limit value $2e^{2}/h$ only around cross-over regions of
electron-configuration in double quantum dot. Through the behavior of the local
charge and some thermodynamic quantities, we discuss the relation between
transport and electron-configuration.


title: Protostellar fountains do shape the regional core mass function?

abstract: Paper withdrawn, sorry for any inconvenience raised!


title: Polynomiality of some hook-length statistics

abstract:
  We prove a conjecture of Okada giving an exact formula for a certain
statistic for hook-lengths of partitions: \frac{1}{n!} \sum_{\lambda \vdash n}
f_{\lambda}^2 \sum_{u \in \lambda} \prod_{i=1}^{r}(h_u^2 - i^2) =
\frac{1}{2(r+1)^2} \binom{2r}{r}\binom{2r+2}{r+1} \prod_{j=0}^{r} (n-j), where
$f_{\lambda}$ is the number of standard Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$ and
$h_u$ is the hook length of the square $u$ of the Young diagram of $\lambda$.
We also obtain other similar formulas.


title:
Classification of Supersecondary Structures in Proteins Using the
  Automated Protein Structure Analysis Method

abstract:
  The Automated Protein Structure Analysis (APSA) method is used for the
classification of supersecondary structures. Basis for the classification is
the encoding of three-dimensional (3D) residue conformations into a 16-letter
code (3D-1D projection). It is shown that the letter code of the protein makes
it possible to reconstruct its overall shape without ambiguity (1D-3D
translation). Accordingly, the letter code is used for the development of
classification rules that distinguish supersecondary structures by the
properties of their turns and the orientation of the flanking helix or strand
structures. The orientations of turn and flanking structures are collected in
an octant system that helps to specify 196 supersecondary groups for
(alpha,alpha)-, (alpha,beta)-, (beta,alpha)-, (beta,beta)-class. 391 protein
chains leading to 2499 super secondary structures were analyzed. Frequently
occurring super secondary structures are identified with the help of the octant
classification system and explained on the basis of their letter and
classification codes.


title:
An ecological approach to problems of Dark Energy, Dark Matter, MOND and
  Neutrinos

abstract:
  Modern astronomical data on galaxy and cosmological scales have revealed
powerfully the existence of certain dark sectors of fundamental physics, i.e.,
existence of particles and fields outside the standard models and inaccessible
by current experiments. Various approaches are taken to modify/extend the
standard models. Generic theories introduce multiple de-coupled fields A, B, C,
each responsible for the effects of DM (cold supersymmetric particles), DE
(Dark Energy) effect, and MG (Modified Gravity) effect respectively. Some
theories use adopt vanilla combinations like AB, BC, or CA, and assume A, B, C
belong to decoupled sectors of physics. MOND-like MG and Cold DM are often
taken as opposite frameworks, e.g. in the debate around the Bullet Cluster.
Here we argue that these ad hoc divisions of sectors miss important clues from
the data. The data actually suggest that the physics of all dark sectors is
likely linked together by a self-interacting oscillating field, which governs a
chameleon-like dark fluid, appearing as DM, DE and MG in different settings. It
is timely to consider an interdisciplinary approach across all semantic
boundaries of dark sectors, treating the dark stress as one identity, hence
accounts for several "coincidences" naturally.


title: Anisotropic, Intermediate Coupling Superconductivity in Cu0.03TaS2

abstract:
  The anisotropic superconducting state properties in Cu0.03TaS2 have been
investigated by magnetization, magnetoresistance, and specific heat
measurements. It clearly shows that Cu0.03TaS2 undergoes a superconducting
transition at TC = 4.03 K. The obtained superconducting parameters demonstrate
that Cu0.03TaS2 is an anisotropic type-II superconductor. Combining specific
heat jump = 1.6(4), gap ratio 2/kBTC = 4.0(9) and the estimated electron-phonon
coupling constant ~ 0.68, the superconductivity in Cu0.03TaS2 is explained
within the intermediate coupling BCS scenario. First-principles electronic
structure calculations suggest that copper intercalation of 2H-TaS2 causes a
considerable increase of the Fermi surface volume and the carrier density,
which suppresses the CDW fluctuation and favors the raise of TC.


title:
The Color Dipole Picture and the Ratio of the Longitudinal to the
  Transverse Photoabsorption Cross Section

abstract:
  The transverse size of q q-bar fluctuations of a longitudinally polarized
photon is reduced relative to the transerve size of q q-bar fluctuation of a
transversely polarized photon. This implies a model-independent prediction of
the ratio R(W2,Q2)=sigma_L/sigma_T=0.375, or, equivalently, F_L/F_2=0.27, for
x=Q2/W2<<1 and Q2 sufficiently large, while R(W2,Q2)=0.50, if this effect is
ignored. Experimental data from HERA confirm the transverse-size reduction.


title: Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics from Gravity

abstract:
  We apply the recently established connection between nonlinear fluid dynamics
and AdS gravity to the case of the dyonic black brane in AdS_4. This yields the
equations of fluid dynamics for a 2+1 dimensional charged fluid in a background
magnetic field. We construct the gravity solution to second order in the
derivative expansion. From this we find the fluid dynamical stress tensor and
charge current to second and third order in derivatives respectively, along
with values for the associated transport coefficients.


title:
Bubbling route to strange nonchaotic attractor in a nonlinear series LCR
  circuit with a nonsinusoidal force

abstract:
  We identify a novel route to the birth of a strange nonchaotic attractor
(SNA) in a quasiperiodically forced electronic circuit with a nonsinusoidal
(square wave) force as one of the quasiperiodic forces through numerical and
experimental studies. We find that bubbles appear in the strands of the
quasiperiodic attractor due to the instability induced by the additional square
wave type force. The bubbles then enlarge and get increasingly wrinkled as a
function of the control parameter. Finally, the bubbles get extremely wrinkled
(while the remaining parts of the strands of the torus remain largely
unaffected) resulting in the birth of the SNA which we term as the
\emph{bubbling route to SNA}. We characterize and confirm this birth from both
experimental and numerical data by maximal Lyapunov exponents and their
variance, Poincar\'e maps, Fourier amplitude spectra and spectral distribution
function. We also strongly confirm the birth of SNA via the bubbling route by
the distribution of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents.


title: Charged Lepton Mass Relations in a Supersymmetric Yukawaon Model

abstract:
  According to an idea that effective Yukawa coupling constants Y_f^{eff} are
given vacuum expectation values < Y_f> of fields ("Yukawaons") Y_f as
Y_f^{eff}=y_f < Y_f>/\Lambda, a possible superpotential form in the charged
lepton sector under a U(3) [or O(3)] flavor symmetry is investigated. It is
found that a specific form of the superpotential can lead to an empirical
charged lepton mass relation without any adjustable parameters.


title:
Phase Synchronization in Unidirectionally Coupled Ikeda Time-delay
  Systems

abstract:
  Phase synchronization in unidirectionally coupled Ikeda time-delay systems
exhibiting non-phase-coherent hyperchaotic attractors of complex topology with
highly interwoven trajectories is studied. It is shown that in this set of
coupled systems phase synchronization (PS) does exist in a range of the
coupling strength which is preceded by a transition regime (approximate PS) and
a nonsynchronous regime. However, exact generalized synchronization does not
seem to occur in the coupled Ikeda systems (for the range of parameters we have
studied) even for large coupling strength, in contrast to our earlier studies
in coupled piecewise-linear and Mackey-Glass systems
\cite{dvskml2006,dvskml2008}. The above transitions are characterized in terms
of recurrence based indices, namely generalized autocorrelation function
$P(t)$, correlation of probability of recurrence (CPR), joint probability of
recurrence (JPR) and similarity of probability of recurrence (SPR). The
existence of phase synchronization is also further confirmed by typical
transitions in the Lyapunov exponents of the coupled Ikeda time-delay systems
and also using the concept of localized sets.


title: Spin Transfer Torque as a Non-Conservative Pseudo-Field

abstract:
  In this paper we show that the spin transfer torque can be described by a
pseudo magnetic field, proportional to the magnetic moment of the itinerant
electrons that enters the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in the same way as
other external or internal magnetic fields. However, unlike an ordinary
magnetic field, which is always conservative in nature, the spin torque induced
pseudo field may have both conservative and non-conservative components. We
further show that the magnetic moment of itinerant electrons develops an
out-of-plane component only at non-equilibrium and this component is
responsible for the Slonczewski type switching that acts against the damping
and is always non-conservative. On the other hand, the in-plane components of
the pseudo field exist both at equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium, and are
responsible for the field like term. For tunnel based devices, this term
results in lower switching current for anti-parallel (AP) to parallel (P)
switching compared to P to AP, even when the torque magnitudes are completely
symmetric with voltage.


title: Fluorine effect in layered oxypnictide LaOFeAs

abstract:
  Theoretical calculations under the scheme of WIEN2k computer package had been
performed on the pristine compound LaOFeAs, as well as on LaO1-xFxFeAs. One
factor crucial to the manifestation of superconductivity seems to be fluorine
doping; hence we search for its effect. Paying close attention to Fe d-orbitals
upon doping of F by O, at first, Fe d-orbitals have dz2 symmetry, changing
gradually to something akin to dx2-y2 which seems more prone to conductivity
than the former one. This issue agree with the accepted results happened in the
copper-based high-temperature superconductors.


title: Recovering the intrinsic shape of early-type galaxies

abstract:
  We investigate how well the intrinsic shape of early-type galaxies can be
recovered when both photometric and two-dimensional stellar kinematic
observations are available. We simulate these observations with galaxy models
that are representative of observed oblate fast-rotator to triaxial
slow-rotator early-type galaxies. By fitting realistic triaxial dynamical
models to these simulated observations, we recover the intrinsic shape (and
mass-to-light ratio), without making additional (ad-hoc) assumptions on the
orientation.
  For (near) axisymmetric galaxies the dynamical modelling can strongly exclude
triaxiality, but the regular kinematics do not further tighten the constraint
on the intrinsic flattening significantly, so that the inclination is nearly
unconstrained above the photometric lower limit even with two-dimensional
stellar kinematics. Triaxial galaxies can have additional complexity in both
the observed photometry and kinematics, such as twists and (central)
kinematically decoupled components, which allows the intrinsic shape to be
accurately recovered. For galaxies that are very round or show no significant
rotation, recovery of the shape is degenerate, unless additional constraints
such as from a thin disk are available.


title: Robust Network Coding in the Presence of Untrusted Nodes

abstract:
  While network coding can be an efficient means of information dissemination
in networks, it is highly susceptible to "pollution attacks," as the injection
of even a single erroneous packet has the potential to corrupt each and every
packet received by a given destination. Even when suitable error-control coding
is applied, an adversary can, in many interesting practical situations,
overwhelm the error-correcting capability of the code. To limit the power of
potential adversaries, a broadcast transformation is introduced, in which nodes
are limited to just a single (broadcast) transmission per generation. Under
this broadcast transformation, the multicast capacity of a network is changed
(in general reduced) from the number of edge-disjoint paths between source and
sink to the number of internally-disjoint paths. Exploiting this fact, we
propose a family of networks whose capacity is largely unaffected by a
broadcast transformation. This results in a significant achievable transmission
rate for such networks, even in the presence of adversaries.