title: Stellar proper motion and the timing of planetary transits

abstract:
  Duration and period of transits in extrasolar planetary systems can exhibit
long-term variations for a variety of reasons. Here we investigate how systemic
proper motion, which steadily re-orients planetary orbit with respect to our
line of sight, affects the timing of transits. We find that in a typical system
with a period of several days proper motion at the level of 100 mas/yr makes
transit duration vary at a rate ~10-100 ms/yr. In some isolated systems this
variation is at the measurable level (can be as high as 0.6 s/yr for GJ436) and
may exceed all other transit timing contributions (due to the general
relativity, stellar quadrupole, etc.). In addition, proper motion causes
evolution of the observed orbital period via the Shklovskii effect at a rate
$\gtrsim 10$ $\mu$s/yr for the nearby transiting systems (0.26 ms/yr in GJ436),
which in some cases exceeds all other contributions to $\dot P$. Earth's motion
around the Sun gives rise to additional periodic timing signal (even for
systems with zero intrinsic proper motion) allowing a full determination of the
spatial orientation of the planetary orbit. Unlike most other timing effects
the proper motion signatures persist even in systems with zero eccentricity and
get stronger as the planetary period increases. They should be the dominant
cause of transit timing variations in isolated wide separation (periods of
months) systems that will be sought by Kepler.


title: The Resolved Properties of Extragalactic Giant Molecular Clouds

abstract:
  We use high spatial resolution observations of CO to systematically measure
the resolved size-line width, luminosity-line width, luminosity-size, and the
mass-luminosity relations of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in a variety of
extragalactic systems. Although the data are heterogeneous we analyze them in a
consistent manner to remove the biases introduced by limited sensitivity and
resolution, thus obtaining reliable sizes, velocity dispersions, and
luminosities. We compare the results obtained in dwarf galaxies with those from
the Local Group spiral galaxies. We find that extragalactic GMC properties
measured across a wide range of environments are very much compatible with
those in the Galaxy. We use these results to investigate metallicity trends in
the cloud average column density and virial CO-to-H2 factor. We find that these
measurements do not accord with simple predictions from
photoionization-regulated star formation theory, although this could be due to
the fact that we do not sample small enough spatial scales or the full
gravitational potential of the molecular cloud. We also find that the virial
CO-to-H2 conversion factor in CO-bright GMCs is very similar to Galactic, and
that the excursions do not show a measurable metallicity trend. We contrast
these results with estimates of molecular mass based on far-infrared
measurements obtained for the Small Magellanic Cloud, which systematically
yield larger masses, and interpret this discrepancy as arising from large H2
envelopes that surround the CO-bright cores. We conclude that GMCs identified
on the basis of their CO emission are a unique class of object that exhibit a
remarkably uniform set of properties from galaxy to galaxy (abridged).


title: Singular Points of Real Quintic Curves Via Computer Algebra

abstract:
  There are 42 types of real singular points for irreducible real quintic
curves and 49 types of real singular points for reducible real quintic curves.
The classification of real singular points for irreducible real quintic curves
is originally due to Golubina and Tai. There are 28 types of singular points
for irreducible complex quintic curves and 33 types of singular points for
reducible complex quintic curves. We derive the complete classification with
proof by using the computer algebra system Maple. We clarify that the
classification is based on computing just enough of the Puiseux expansion to
separate the branches. Thus, a major component of the proof consists of a
sequence of large symbolic computations that can be done nicely using Maple.


title: Breakdown of the operator product expansion in the 't Hooft model

abstract:
  We consider deep inelastic scattering in the 't Hooft model. Being solvable,
this model allows us to directly compute the moments associated with the cross
section at next-to-leading order in the 1/Q^2 expansion. We perform the same
computation using the operator product expansion. We find that all the terms
match in both computations except for one in the hadronic side, which is
proportional to a non-local operator. The basics of the result suggest that a
similar phenomenon may occur in four dimensions in the large N_c limit.


title: GeV Emission from Prompt and Afterglow Phases of Gamma-Ray Bursts

abstract:
  We investigate the GeV emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using the
results from the Energetic Gamma Ray Experimental Telescope (EGRET), and in
view of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). Assuming that the
conventional prompt and afterglow photons originate from synchrotron radiation,
we compare an accompanying inverse-Compton component with EGRET measurements
and upper limits on GeV fluence, taking Klein-Nishina feedback into account. We
find that EGRET constraints are consistent with the theoretical framework of
the synchrotron self-Compton model for both prompt and afterglow phases, and
discuss constraints on microphysical parameters in both phases. Based on the
inverse-Compton model and using EGRET results, we predict that GLAST would
detect GRBs with GeV photons at a rate >~20 yr^{-1} from each of the prompt and
afterglow phases. This rate applies to the high-energy tail of the prompt
synchrotron emission and to the inverse-Compton component of the afterglow.
Theory predicts that in a large fraction of the cases where synchrotron GeV
prompt emission would be detected by GLAST, inverse-Compton photons should be
detected as well at high energies >~10 GeV. Therefore GLAST will enable a more
precise test of the high-energy emission mechanism. Finally, we show that the
contribution of GRBs to the flux of the extragalactic gamma-ray background
measured with EGRET is at least 0.01% and likely around 0.1%.


title: The "inedito" of Einstein and his 1925 visit to Buenos Aires

abstract:
  In an article published by Mauricio Nirenstein in 1925, a few months after
the visit of Albert Einstein to Argentina, the author wrote various comments
and references relative to the scientist's visit. In particular, Nirenstein
mentioned a personal conversation he had with Einstein in which the sage
expressed many interesting ideas on the epistemology of physical sciences. In a
note to that article, it was indicated that Einstein would have left in the
hands of Nirenstein some notes of a speech he wanted to deliver at the
University of Buenos Aires. From 1931 onwards there appeared in a few journals
of this city, different versions of what became known as the "inedito" of
Einstein. In this paper we discuss both the facts and the individuals. We
analyse briefly the "inedito" and we compare it with the two introductory
lectures Einstein delivered at the University of Buenos Aires and at the
Faculty of Science.


title:
Empirical Tests of Zipf's law Mechanism In Open Source Linux
  Distribution

abstract:
  The evolution of open source software projects in Linux distributions offers
a remarkable example of a growing complex self-organizing adaptive system,
exhibiting Zipf's law over four full decades. We present three tests of the
usually assumed ingredients of stochastic growth models that have been
previously conjectured to be at the origin of Zipf's law: (i) the growth
observed between successive releases of the number of in-directed links of
packages obeys Gibrat's law of proportional growth; (ii) the average growth
increment of the number of in-directed links of packages over a time interval
$\Delta t$ is proportional to $\Delta t$, while its standard deviation is
proportional to $\sqrt{\Delta t}$; (iii) the distribution of the number of
in-directed links of new packages appearing in evolving versions of Debian
Linux distributions has a tail thinner than Zipf's law, with an exponent which
converges to the Zipf's law value 1 as the time $\Delta t$ between releases
increases.


title:
An Ad-Hoc Method for Obtaining chi**2 Values from Unbinned Maximum
  Likelihood Fits

abstract:
  A common goal in an experimental physics analysis is to extract information
from a reaction with multi-dimensional kinematics. The preferred method for
such a task is typically the unbinned maximum likelihood method. In fits using
this method, the likelihood is a goodness-of-fit quantity in that it
effectively discriminates between available hypotheses; however, it does not
provide any information as to how well the best hypothesis describes the data.
  In this paper, we present an {\em ad-hoc} procedure for obtaining
chi**2/n.d.f. values from unbinned maximum likelihood fits. This method does
not require binning the data, making it very applicable to multi-dimensional
problems.


title: Black hole masses and accretion states in ULXs

abstract:
  We summarize indirect empirical arguments used for estimating black hole (BH)
masses in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). The interpretation of the X-ray
data is still too model-dependent to provide tight constraints, but masses <~
100 Msun seem the most likely. It is getting clearer that ULXs do not show the
same evolutionary sequence between canonical spectral states as stellar-mass
BHs, nor the same timescale for state transitions. Most ULX spectra are
consistent either with a power-law-dominated state (apparently identical to the
canonical low/hard state), or with a very high state (or slim-disk state).
Despite often showing luminosity variability, there is little evidence of ULXs
settling into a canonical high/soft state, dominated by a standard disk
(disk-blackbody spectrum). It is possible that the mass accretion rate (but not
necessarily the luminosity) is always higher than Eddington; but there may be
additional physical differences between stellar-mass BHs and ULXs, which
disfavour transitions to the standard-disk, radio-quiet state in the latter
class. We speculate that the hard state in ULXs is associated with jet or
magnetic processes rather than an ADAF, can persist up to accretion rates ~
Eddington, and can lead directly to the very high state.


title: Chemical abundances of planetary nebulae in the disk-bulge connection

abstract:
  We report the spectrophotometric investigation of a planetary nebula sample
located at the disk-bulge interface of the Milky Way. The main goal of this
work was to determine the galactocentric distance where, according to the
intermediate mass population, bulge and disk properties separate. In order to
derive such distance, new abundances were derived for a sample of PN located at
this region, and the results were combined with additional data from the
literature. The abundance analysis indicates a chemical abundance distribution
similar to that derived from bulge stars, as already pointed out by other
authors.
  Statistical distance scales were then used to study the distribution of
chemical abundances across the disk-bulge connection. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
was used to find the distance in which the chemical properties of these regions
better separate, resulting in a best value of 2.9 kpc to define the inner limit
of the disk.


title:
Spin Collective Modes of Two-Species Fermi Liquids: Helium-3 and Atomic
  Gases near the Feshbach Resonance

abstract:
  We present theoretical findings on the spin collective modes of a two-species
Fermi liquid, prepared alternatively in a polarized equilibrium or a polarized
non-equilibrium state. We explore the effects on these modes of a diverging
s-wave scattering length, as occurs near a Feshbach resonance in a Fermionic
atomic gas. We compare these atomic gas modes with those of the conventional
Helium-3 system, and we find that they differ from the conventional systems,
and that the gap and spin stiffness are tunable via the Feshbach resonance.


title: Zeros of partial sums of the Riemann zeta-function

abstract:
  We investigate the distribution of the zeros of partial sums of the Riemann
zeta-function, sum_{n\leq X}n^{-s}, estimating the number of zeros up to height
T, the number of zeros to the right of a given vertical line, and other aspects
of their horizontal distribution.


title: The dipole picture in DIS: saturation and heavy quarks

abstract:
  We discuss the description of the proton structure function within the dipole
factorisation framework. We parametrise the forward dipole amplitude to account
for saturation as predicted by the small-x QCD evolution equations. Contrarily
to previous models, the saturation scale does not decrease when taking heavy
quarks into account. We show that the same dipole amplitude also allows to
reproduce diffractive data and exclusive vector meson production.


title: The SISCone and anti-kt jet algorithms

abstract:
  We illustrate how the midpoint and iterative cone (with progressive removal)
algorithms fail to satisfy the fundamental requirements of infrared and
collinear safety, causing divergences in the perturbative expansion. We
introduce SISCone and the anti-kt algorithms as respective replacements that do
not have those failures without any cost at the experimental level.


title:
Gaussian fields and Gaussian sheets with generalized Cauchy covariance
  structure

abstract:
  Two types of Gaussian processes, namely the Gaussian field with generalized
Cauchy covariance (GFGCC) and the Gaussian sheet with generalized Cauchy
covariance (GSGCC) are considered. Some of the basic properties and the
asymptotic properties of the spectral densities of these random fields are
studied. The associated self-similar random fields obtained by applying the
Lamperti transformation to GFGCC and GSGCC are studied.


title: Automatic Metadata Generation using Associative Networks

abstract:
  In spite of its tremendous value, metadata is generally sparse and
incomplete, thereby hampering the effectiveness of digital information
services. Many of the existing mechanisms for the automated creation of
metadata rely primarily on content analysis which can be costly and
inefficient. The automatic metadata generation system proposed in this article
leverages resource relationships generated from existing metadata as a medium
for propagation from metadata-rich to metadata-poor resources. Because of its
independence from content analysis, it can be applied to a wide variety of
resource media types and is shown to be computationally inexpensive. The
proposed method operates through two distinct phases. Occurrence and
co-occurrence algorithms first generate an associative network of repository
resources leveraging existing repository metadata. Second, using the
associative network as a substrate, metadata associated with metadata-rich
resources is propagated to metadata-poor resources by means of a discrete-form
spreading activation algorithm. This article discusses the general framework
for building associative networks, an algorithm for disseminating metadata
through such networks, and the results of an experiment and validation of the
proposed method using a standard bibliographic dataset.


title: Gluon-induced QCD corrections to pp --> ZZ --> l anti-l l' anti-l'

abstract:
  A calculation of the loop-induced gluon-fusion process gg -->
Z(photon)Z(photon) --> l anti-l l' anti-l' is presented, which provides an
important background for Higgs boson searches in the H --> ZZ channel at the
LHC. We find that the photon contribution is important for Higgs masses below
the Z-pair threshold and that the gg-induced process yields a correction of
about 15% relative to the NLO QCD prediction for the q anti-q-induced process
when only a M(l anti-l), M(l' anti-l') > 5 GeV cut is applied.


title: The Schrodinger equation and negative energies

abstract:
  We present a nonrelativistic wave equation for the electron in
(3+1)-dimensions which includes negative-energy eigenstates. We solve this
equation for three well-known instances, reobtaining the corresponding Pauli
equation (but including negative-energy eigenstates) in each case.


title: Beam squint and Stokes V with off-axis feeds

abstract:
  Radio telescopes with off-axis feeds, such as the (E)VLA, suffer from "beam
squint" in which the two orthogonal circular polarizations sampled have
different pointing centers on the sky. Its effects are weak near the beam
center but become increasingly important towards the edge of the antenna power
pattern where gains in the two polarizations at a given sky position are
significantly different. This effect has limited VLA measurements of circular
polarization (Stokes V) and introduced dynamic range limiting, wide-field
artifacts in images made in Stokes I. We present an adaptation of the
visibility-based deconvolution CLEAN method that can correct this defect "on
the fly" while imaging, correcting as well the associated self-calibration. We
present two examples of this technique using the procedure "Squint" within the
Obit package which allows wide-field imaging in Stokes V and reduced artifacts
in Stokes I. We discuss the residual errors in these examples as well as a
scheme for future correction of some of these errors. This technique can be
generalized to implement temporally- and spatially-variable corrections, such
as pointing and cross-polarization leakage errors.


title: Deformations of linear Poisson orbifolds

abstract:
  Let $\Gamma$ be a finite group acting faithfully and linearly on a vector
space $V$. Let $T(V)$ ($S(V)$) be the tensor (symmetric) algebra associated to
$V$ which has a natural $\Gamma$ action. We study generalized quadratic
relations on the tensor algebra $T(V)\rtimes \Gamma$. We prove that the
quotient algebras of $T(V)\rtimes \Gamma$ by such relations satisfy PBW
property. Such quotient algebras can be viewed as quantizations of linear or
constant Poisson structures on $S(V)\rtimes \Gamma$, and are natural
generalizations of symplectic reflection algebras.


title: An occultation event in a triple post-AGB star

abstract:
  We study the post-AGB central star of the (bipolar) Galactic bulge planetary
nebula M 2-29. We have obtained additional HST imaging and SAAO spectroscopy of
the object. The star showed a pronounced, long-lasting occultation with
subsequent recovery. The event lasted for almost 3 years, with a secondary
minimum 9 years later. The photometric behaviour of M 2-29 resembles the
dust-occultation events seen in NGC 2346, and is modeled as an occultation by a
circumbinary disk, where the binary period is 18 yr. Modulation during the
decline shows evidence for another companion with a period of 23 days.


title:
Cosmic ray protons in the energy range $10^{16}-10^{18.5}$ eV:
  stochastic gyroresonant acceleration in hypernova shocks?

abstract:
  The hypernovae (HNe) associated with Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) may have a
fairly steep energy-velocity distribution, i.e., $E(\geq \beta)\propto
\beta^{-q}$ for $q<2$ and $\beta\geq \beta_o$, where $\beta$ is the velocity of
the material and $\beta_o \sim 0.1$ is the velocity of the slowest ejecta of
the HN explosion, both in units of the speed of light $(c)$. The cosmic ray
protons above the second knee but below the ankle may be accelerated by the HN
shocks in the velocity range of $\beta \sim \beta_o - 4\beta_o$. When $\beta
\leq 4\beta_o$, the radius of the shock front to the central engine is very
large and the medium decelerating the HN outflow is very likely to be
homogeneous. With this argument, we show that for $q\sim 1.7$, as inferred from
the optical modelling of SN 2003lw, the stochastic gyroresonant acceleration
model can account for the spectrum change of high energy protons around the
second knee. The self-magnetized shock acceleration model, however, yields a
too much steep spectrum that is inconsistent with the observation unless, the
medium surrounding the HN is a free wind holding up to a (unrealistic large)
radius $\sim 1-10 {\rm kpc}$ or alternatively the particle acceleration mainly
occurs in a narrow "dense" shell that terminates the free wind at a radius
$\sim 10^{19}$ cm.


title:
A specific lattice artefact in non-perturbative renormalization of
  operators

abstract:
  We discuss a specific cut-off effect which appears in applying the
non-perturbative RI/MOM scheme to compute the renormalization constants. To
illustrate the problem a Dirac operator satisfying the Ginsparg-Wilson relation
is used, but the arguments are more general. We propose a simple modification
of the method which gets rid of the corresponding discretization error.
Applying this to full-QCD simulations done at a=0.13 fm with the Fixed Point
action we find that the renormalization constants are strongly distorted by the
artefacts discussed. We consider also the role of global gauge transformations,
a freedom which still remains after the conventional gauge fixing procedure is
applied.


title: Tunneling electro-conductance of atomic Bose condensates

abstract:
  We consider interaction of an electron with a Bose condensate of atoms having
electron affinity. Though states of the electron attached to atoms form a
continuous band, tunneling through this band is strongly suppressed by quantum
fluctuations of the condensate density. We adapt standard field theory methods
originally developed for description of a particle propagating trough a
disordered potential and present an exactly soluble analytical model of the
process. In contrast with the standard description, we take into account
inelastic processes associated with quantum transitions in the condensate.
Possibilities of the experimental observation of the phenomenon are discussed.


title:
Fermi surfaces in general co-dimension and a new controlled non-trivial
  fixed point

abstract:
  Traditionally Fermi surfaces for problems in $d$ spatial dimensions have
dimensionality $d-1$, i.e., codimension $d_c=1$ along which energy varies.
Situations with $d_c >1$ arise when the gapless fermionic excitations live at
isolated nodal points or lines. For $d_c > 1$ weak short range interactions are
irrelevant at the non-interacting fixed point. Increasing interaction strength
can lead to phase transitions out of this Fermi liquid. We illustrate this by
studying the transition to superconductivity in a controlled $\epsilon$
expansion near $d_c = 1$. The resulting non-trivial fixed point is shown to
describe a scale invariant theory that lives in effective space-time dimension
$D=d_c + 1$. Remarkably, the results can be reproduced by the more familiar
Hertz-Millis action for the bosonic superconducting order parameter even though
it lives in different space-time dimensions.


title: Electromagnetic Baryon Form Factors from Holographic QCD

abstract:
  In the holographic model of QCD suggested by Sakai and Sugimoto, baryons are
chiral solitons sourced by D4 instantons in bulk of size 1/\sqrt{\lambda} with
\lambda=g^2N_c. We quantize the D4 instanton semiclassically using
\hbar=1/(N_c\lambda) and non-rigid constraints on the vector mesons. The
holographic baryon is a small chiral bag in the holographic direction with a
Cheshire cat smile. The vector-baryon interactions occur at the core boundary
of the instanton in D4. They are strong and of order 1/\sqrt{\hbar}. To order
\hbar^0 the electromagnetic current is entirely encoded on the core boundary
and vector-meson dominated. To this order, the electromagnetic charge radius is
of order \lambda^0. The meson contribution to the baryon magnetic moments sums
identically to the core contribution. The proton and neutron magnetic moment
are tied by a model independent relation similar to the one observed in the
Skyrme model.


title: IceCube: A Cubic Kilometer Radiation Detector

abstract:
  IceCube is a 1 km^3 neutrino detector now being built at the Amundsen-Scott
South Pole Station. It consists of 4800 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) which
detect Cherenkov radiation from the charged particles produced in neutrino
interactions. IceCube will observe astrophysical neutrinos with energies above
about 100 GeV. IceCube will be able to separate \nu_\mu, \nu_e and \nu_\tau
interactions because of their different topologies. IceCube construction is
currently 50% complete.


title: Equidistribution of Fekete points on complex manifolds

abstract:
  We prove the several variable version of the classical equidistribution
theorem for Fekete points of a compact subset of the complex plane, which
settles a well-known conjecture in pluri-potential theory. The result is
obtained as a special case of a general equidistribution theorem for Fekete
points in the setting of a given holomorphic line bundle over a compact complex
manifold. The proof builds on our recent work "Capacities and weighted volumes
for line bundles".


title: Qubit-qunit decomposition of quantum channel

abstract:
  Problem of classification of parallel quantum channels for information
transfer is studied by method of ladder operators.
  Detailed compared to http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0702076 presentation of
method of ladder operators is given. Examples of paired channel and qubit-qunit
pair are added. Relations between eigenvalues of density matrices of composite
channel and its subchannels determining presence/absence of entanglement of
arbitrary mixed state of channel are obtained.


title:
On the quantum polarization and entanglement of superposition of two
  two-mode coherent states

abstract:
  This work discuss the entanglement and quantum polarization of superpositions
of two-mode coherent states. We use the concurrence to measure their
entanglements and the quantum Stokes parameters and the Q function in order to
analyze their polarization and degree of polarization.


title: A Novel Mathematical Model for the Unique Shortest Path Routing Problem

abstract:
  Link weights are the principal parameters of shortest path routing protocols,
the most commonly used protocols for IP networks. The problem of optimally
setting link weights for unique shortest path routing is addressed. Due to the
complexity of the constraints involved, there exist challenges to formulate the
problem properly, so that a solution algorithm may be developed which could
prove to be more efficient than those already in existence. In this paper, a
novel complete formulation with a polynomial number of constraints is first
introduced and then mathematically proved to be correct. It is further
illustrated that the formulation has advantages over a prior one in terms of
both constraint structure and model size for a proposed decomposition method to
solve the problem.


title: Improved Cosmological Parameter Constraints from CMB and H(z) Data

abstract:
  We discuss the cosmological degeneracy between the Hubble parameter H(z), the
age of the universe and cosmological parameters describing simple variations
from the minimal LCDM model. We show that independent determinations of the
Hubble parameter H(z) such as those recently provided by Simon et al., Phys.
Rev. D 71 (2005) 123001, combined with Cosmic Microwave Background data, can
provide stringent constraints on possible deviations from the LCDM model. In
particular we find that this data combination constrains at the 68% (95%)
confidence level the following parameters: sum of the neutrino masses < 0.5
(1.0) eV, number of relativistic neutrino species N_rel = 4.1^{+0.4}_{-0.9}
(^{+1.1}_{-1.5}), dark energy equation of state parameter w = -0.95 +- 0.17 (+-
0.32), and curvature \Omega_k = 0.002 +- 0.006 (+- 0.014), in excellent
agreement with dataset combinations involving Cosmic Microwave Background,
Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. This offers a valuable consistency
check for systematic errors.


title:
Bulge n and B/T in High Mass Galaxies: Constraints on the Origin of
  Bulges in Hierarchical Models

abstract:
  We use the bulge Sersic index n and bulge-to-total ratio (B/T) to explore the
fundamental question of how bulges form. We perform 2D bulge-disk-bar
decomposition on H-band images of 143 bright, high stellar mass (>1.0e10 solar
masses) low-to-moderately inclined (i<70 degrees) spirals. Our results are: (1)
Our H-band bar fraction (~58%) is consistent with that from ellipse fits. (2)
70% of the stellar mass is in disks, 10% in bars, and 20% in bulges. (3) A
large fraction (~69%) of bright spirals have B/T<0.2, and ~76% have low n<2
bulges. These bulges exist in barred and unbarred galaxies across a wide range
of Hubble types. (4) About 65% (68%) of bright spirals with n<2 (B/T<0.2)
bulges host bars, suggesting a possible link between bars and bulges. (5) We
compare the results with predictions from a set of LCDM models. In the models,
a high mass spiral can have a bulge with a present-day low B/T<0.2 only if it
did not undergo a major merger since z<2. The predicted fraction (~1.6%) of
high mass spirals, which have undergone a major merger since z<4 and host a
bulge with a present-day low B/T<0.2, is a factor of over thirty smaller than
the observed fraction (~66%) of high mass spirals with B/T<0.2. Thus, contrary
to common perception, bulges built via major mergers since z<4 seriously fail
to account for the bulges present in ~66% of high mass spirals. Most of these
present-day low B/T<0.2 bulges are likely to have been built by a combination
of minor mergers and/or secular processes since z<4.


title:
Thermal Analysis of the Pioneer Anomaly: A method to estimate radiative
  momentum transfer

abstract:
  We present a methodology based on point-like Lambertian sources that enables
one to perform a reliable and comprehensive estimate of the overall thermally
induced acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. We show, by
developing a sensitivity analysis of the several parameters of the model, that
one may achieve a valuable insight on the possible thermal origin of the
so-called Pioneer anomaly.


title:
A Simple Converse Proof and a Unified Capacity Formula for Channels with
  Input Constraints

abstract:
  Given the single-letter capacity formula and the converse proof of a channel
without constraints, we provide a simple approach to extend the results for the
same channel but with constraints. The resulting capacity formula is the
minimum of a Lagrange dual function. It gives an unified formula in the sense
that it works regardless whether the problem is convex. If the problem is
non-convex, we show that the capacity can be larger than the formula obtained
by the naive approach of imposing constraints on the maximization in the
capacity formula of the case without the constraints.
  The extension on the converse proof is simply by adding a term involving the
Lagrange multiplier and the constraints. The rest of the proof does not need to
be changed. We name the proof method the Lagrangian Converse Proof. In
contrast, traditional approaches need to construct a better input distribution
for convex problems or need to introduce a time sharing variable for non-convex
problems. We illustrate the Lagrangian Converse Proof for three channels, the
classic discrete time memoryless channel, the channel with non-causal
channel-state information at the transmitter, the channel with limited
channel-state feedback. The extension to the rate distortion theory is also
provided.


title:
Emission spectrum of a dressed exciton-biexciton complex in a
  semiconductor quantum dot

abstract:
  The photoluminescence spectrum of a single quantum dot was recorded as a
secondary resonant laser optically dressed either the vacuum-to-exciton or the
exciton-to-biexciton transitions. High-resolution polarization-resolved
measurements using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer reveal splittings of
the linearly-polarized fine-structure states that are non-degenerate in an
asymmetric quantum dot. These splittings manifest as either triplets or
doublets and depend sensitively on laser intensity and detuning. Our approach
realizes complete resonant control of a multi-excitonic system in emission,
which can be either pulsed or continuous-wave, and offers direct access to the
emitted photons.


title: Pure Spinor Formalism for Osp(N|4) backgrounds

abstract:
  We start from the Maurer-Cartan (MC) equations of the Osp(N|4) superalgebras
satisfied by the left-invariant super-forms realized on supercoset manifolds of
the corresponding supergroups and we derive some new pure spinor constraints.
They are obtained by "ghostifying" the MC forms and extending the differential
d to a BRST differential. From the superalgebras G =Osp(N|4) we single out
different subalgebras H contained in G associated with the different cosets
G/H: each choice of H leads to a different weakening of the pure spinor
constraints. In each case, the number of parameter is counted and we show that
in the cases of Osp(6|4)/U(3) x SO(1,3), Osp(4|4)/SO(3) x SO(1,3) and finally
Osp(4|4) U(2)} x SO(1,3) the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom match in
order to provide a c=0 superconformal field theory. We construct both the
Green-Schwarz and the pure spinor sigma model for the case Osp(6|4)/U(3)x
SO(1,3) corresponding to AdS_4 x P^3. The pure spinor sigma model can be
consistently quantized.


title:
Nielsen theory, Floer homology and a generalisation of the
  Poincare-Birkhoff theorem

abstract:
  The purpose of this mostly expository paper is to discuss a connection
between Nielsen fixed point theory and symplectic Floer homology theory for
symplectomorphisms of surface and a calculation of Seidel's symplectic Floer
homology for different mapping classes. We also describe symplectic zeta
functions and asympltotic symplectic invariant. A generalisation of the
Poincare- Birkhoff fixed point theorem and Arnold conjecture is proposed.


title: Verification of quantum-domain process using two non-orthogonal states

abstract:
  If a quantum channel or process cannot be described by any
measure-and-prepare scheme, we may say the channel is in \textit{quantum
domain} (QD) since it can transmit quantum correlations. The concept of QD
clarifies the role of quantum channel in quantum information theory based on
the local-operation-and-classical-communication (LOCC) paradigm: The quantum
channel is only useful if it cannot be simulated by LOCC. We construct a simple
scheme to verify that a given physical process or channel is in QD by using two
non-orthogonal states. We also consider the application for the experiments
such as the transmission or storage of quantum optical coherent states,
single-photon polarization states, and squeezed vacuum states.


title: Linear Sigma Models for the R^8/Z_k Orbifold

abstract:
  We construct N=4 gauged linear sigma models in two dimensions whose Higgs
branch has a R^8/Z_k orbifold singularity or its generalization. Our linear
sigma models have either ALF or ALE type hyperKahler 8-manifolds as their Higgs
branch. For the ALE case, the matter content of our model is specified by a
quiver diagram which is a union of two A-type extended Dynkin diagrams
overlapping at one link.


title:
An Algorithmic Information Theory approach to the emergence of order
  using simple replication models

abstract:
  This paper applies Algorithmic Information Theory to simple examples of
replication processes to illustrate how replicating structures can generate and
maintain order in a non equilibrium system. Variation in replicating structures
enhances the system's ability to maintain homeostasis in a changing environment
by allowing it to evolve to a more restricted region of its state space.
Stability is further enhanced when replicating systems develop dependencies, by
sharing information or resources. Such systems co-evolve, becoming more
independent of the external environment. Nested systems have a hierarchy of
dependency but have low algorithmic entropy as they are in principle simpler to
describe algorithmically. Nesting of replicating systems offsets the need for
increased variety by allowing the structures to increase in organizational
complexity with little increase in algorithmic entropy. Chaitin's d-diameter
complexity provides a measure of the level of order in nested replicating
systems.


title: Probing the isoscalar excitations of 12C with inelastic alpha scattering

abstract:
  The robust (spin and isospin zero) $\alpha$-particle remains one of the best
projectiles to probe the nuclear isoscalar excitations. In the present work, a
microscopic folding model analysis of the \ac inelastic scattering to the 2$^+$
(4.44 MeV), 0$^+$ (7.65 MeV), 3$^-$ (9.64 MeV), 0$^+$ (10.3 MeV) and 1$^-$
(10.84 MeV) states in $^{12}$C has been performed using the 3-$\alpha$
resonating group method wave functions. The isoscalar transition strengths of
these states were carefully studied based on the coupled-channel analysis using
the microscopic folded form factors. A correlation between the weak binding
and/or short lifetime of the excited state and absorption in the exit channel
of inelastic scattering has been established.


title: Spectral Index in Curvaton Scenario

abstract:
  A red tilted primordial power spectrum is preferred by WMAP five-year data
and a large positive local-type non-Gaussianity $f_{NL}$ might be observed as
well. In this short note we find that a red tilted and large non-Gaussian
primordial power spectrum cannot be naturally obtained in curvaton model,
because $f_{NL}$ is related to the initial condition of inflation.


title: Lower Bounds for Optimal Alignments of Binary Sequences

abstract:
  In parametric sequence alignment, optimal alignments of two sequences are
computed as a function of the penalties for mismatches and spaces, producing
many different optimal alignments. Here we give a 3/(2^{7/3}\pi^{2/3})n^{2/3}
+O(n^{1/3} \log n) lower bound on the maximum number of distinct optimal
alignment summaries of length-n binary sequences. This shows that the upper
bound given by Gusfield et. al. is tight over all alphabets, thereby disproving
the "square root of n conjecture". Thus the maximum number of distinct optimal
alignment summaries (i.e. vertices of the alignment polytope) over all pairs of
length-n sequences is Theta(n^{2/3}).


title:
A construction of symmetric linear functions of the restricted quantum
  group \overline{U}_q (sl_2)

abstract:
  In this paper we construct all the primitive idempotents of the restricted
quantum group $\overline{U}_q (sl_2)$ and also determine the multiplication
rules among a basis given by the action of generators of $\bar{U}_q (sl_2)$ to
the idempotents. By using this result we construct a basis of the space of
symmetric linear functions of $\overline{U}_q (sl_2)$ and determine the
decomposition of the integral of the dual of $\overline{U}_q (sl_2)$ twisted by
the balancing element to the basis of the space of symmetric linear functions.


title:
Frequentist and Bayesian measures of confidence via multiscale bootstrap
  for testing three regions

abstract:
  A new computation method of frequentist $p$-values and Bayesian posterior
probabilities based on the bootstrap probability is discussed for the
multivariate normal model with unknown expectation parameter vector. The null
hypothesis is represented as an arbitrary-shaped region. We introduce new
parametric models for the scaling-law of bootstrap probability so that the
multiscale bootstrap method, which was designed for one-sided test, can also
computes confidence measures of two-sided test, extending applicability to a
wider class of hypotheses. Parameter estimation is improved by the two-step
multiscale bootstrap and also by including higher-order terms. Model selection
is important not only as a motivating application of our method, but also as an
essential ingredient in the method. A compromise between frequentist and
Bayesian is attempted by showing that the Bayesian posterior probability with
an noninformative prior is interpreted as a frequentist $p$-value of
``zero-sided'' test.


title: Discontinuous Superprocesses with Dependent Spatial Motion

abstract:
  We construct a class of discontinuous superprocesses with dependent spatial
motion and general branching mechanism. The process arises as the weak limit of
critical interacting-branching particle systems where the spatial motions of
the particles are not independent. The main work is to solve the martingale
problem. When we turn to the uniqueness of the process, we generalize the
localization method introduced by [D.W. Stroock, Diffusion processes associated
with Levy generators, Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verw. Gebiete, 32(1975)
209--244] to the measure-valued context. As for existence, we use particle
system approximation and a perturbation method. This work generalizes the model
introduced in [D.A. Dawson, Z. Li, H. Wang, Superprocesses with dependent
spatial motion and general branching densities, Electron. J. Probab. 6(2001),
no.25, 33 pp. (electronic)] where quadratic branching mechanism was considered.
We also investigate some properties of the process.


title: A Sensor with Analog and Digital Pixels in 0.15 micron SOI Technology

abstract:
  A monolithic pixel sensor in deep-submicron Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS
technology has been designed, manufactured and characterised. This technology
is of significant interest for applications in particle tracking and imaging.
The prototype chip features pixels of 10 micron pitch arrayed in two analog
sections and one digital section with a comparator and a latch integrated in
each pixel. The prototype response has been tested with infrared lasers and
with the 1.35 GeV electron beam extracted from the injection booster at the
LBNL Advanced Light Source. Results from irradiation tests with low energy
protons and neutrons performed at the LBNL 88-inch Cyclotron are also
presented.


title:
Asymptotic formulas for partial sums of class numbers of indefinite
  binary quadratic forms

abstract:
  Sarnak obtained the asymptotic formula of the sum of the class numbers of
indefinite binary quadratic forms from the prime geodesic theorem for the
modular group. In the present paper, we show several asymptotic formulas of
partial sums of the class numbers by using the prime geodesic theorems for the
congruence subgroups of the modular group.


title:
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetized Superbubbles: New Insights
  into the Importance of MHD Effects on Observed Quantities

abstract:
  We present three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of
superbubbles, to study the importance of MHD effects in the interpretation of
images from recent surveys of the Galactic plane. These simulations focus
mainly on atmospheres defined by an exponential density distribution and the
Dickey & Lockman (1990) density distribution. In each case, the magnetic field
is parallel to the Galactic plane and we investigate cases with either infinite
scale height (constant magnetic field) or a constant ratio of gas pressure to
magnetic pressure. The three-dimensional structure of superbubbles in these
simulations is discussed with emphasis on the axial ratio of the cavity as a
function of magnetic field strength and the age of the bubble. We investigate
systematic errors in the age of the bubble and scale height of the surrounding
medium that may be introduced by modeling the data with purely hydrodynamic
models. Age estimates derived with symmetric hydrodynamic models fitted to an
asymmetric magnetized superbubble can differ by up to a factor of four,
depending on the direction of the line of sight. The scale height of the
surrounding medium based on the Kompaneets model may be up to 50% lower than
the actual scale height. We also present the first ever predictions of Faraday
rotation by a magnetized superbubble based on three-dimensional MHD
simulations. We emphasize the importance of MHD effects in the interpretation
of observations of superbubbles.


title: Equivariant differential characters and symplectic reduction

abstract:
  We describe equivariant differential characters (classifying equivariant
circle bundles with connections), their prequantization, and reduction.


title:
X-ray Emission from Young Stellar Objects in the \epsilon Chamaeleontis
  Group: the Herbig Ae Star HD 104237 and Associated Low-Mass Stars

abstract:
  We present Chandra-HETGS observations of the Herbig Ae star HD 104237 and the
associated young stars comprising lower mass stars, in the 0.15-1.75\msol mass
range, in their pre-main sequence phase. The brightest X-ray source in the
association is the central system harboring the Herbig Ae primary, and a K3
companion. Its X-ray variability indicates modulation possibly on time scales
of the rotation period of the Herbig Ae star, and this would imply that the
primary significantly contributes to the overall emission. The spectrum of the
Herbig Ae+K3 system shows a soft component significantly more pronounced than
in other K-type young stars. This soft emission is reminiscent of the unusually
soft spectra observed for the single Herbig Ae stars HD 163296 and AB Aur, and
therefore we tentatively attribute it to the Herbig Ae of the binary system.
The HETGS spectrum shows strong emission lines corresponding to a wide range of
plasma temperatures. The He-like triplet of MgXI and NeIX suggest the presence
of plasma at densities of about $10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$, possibly indicating
accretion related X-ray production mechanism.
  The analysis of the zero-order spectra of the other sources indicates X-ray
emission characteristics typical of pre-main sequence stars of similar spectral
type, with the exception of the T Tauri HD104237-D, whose extremely soft
emission is very similar to the emission of the classical T Tauri star TW Hya,
and suggests X-ray production by shocked accreting plasma.


title: Gauge Gravity and Electroweak Theory

abstract:
  Reformulation of the Dirac equation in terms of the real Spacetime Algebra
(STA) reveals hidden geometric structure, including a geometric role for the
unit imaginary as generator of rotations in a spacelike plane. The STA and the
real Dirac equation play essential roles in a new Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG)
version of General Relativity (GR). Besides clarifying the conceptual
foundations of GR and facilitating complex computations, GTG opens up new
possibilities for a unified gauge theory of gravity and quantum mechanics,
including spacetime geometry of electroweak interactions. The Weinberg-Salam
model fits perfectly into this geometric framework, and a promising variant
that replaces chiral states with Majorana states is formulated to incorporate
zitterbewegung in electron states.


title: Some Remarks on the Braided Thompson Group BV

abstract:
  Matthew Brin and Patrick Dehornoy independently discovered a braided version
BV of Thompson's group V. In this paper, we discuss some properties of BV that
might make the group interesting for group based cryptography. In particular,
we show that BV does not admit a non-trivial linear representation.


title:
Steric Effect in Threshold Photoionization Dissociations of Serine
  Conformers

abstract:
  Steric effect in the threshold dissociative ionizations of serine conformers
[CH2OH-C\alphaH(NH2)-C\betaOOH] is revealed by high-level ab initio
calculations combined with our newly developed infrared laser desorption /
tunable VUV photoionization mass spectrometry. We find that near the ionization
thresholds the C\alpha-C\beta and C\alpha-C bonds are selectively broken for
the respective cationic conformers, yielding the different fragments. Novel
dynamic processes, proton transfer and reorientation between the
predissociative fragments, are involved in the threshold photoionization
dissociations.


title: Meson widths from string worldsheet instantons

abstract:
  We show that open strings living on a D-brane which lies outside an AdS black
hole can tunnel into the black hole through worldsheet instantons. These
instantons have a simple interpretation in terms of thermal quarks in the dual
Yang-Mills (YM) theory. As an application we calculate the width of a meson in
a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma which is described holographically as a
massless mode on a D7 brane in AdS_5 \times S_5. While the width of the meson
is zero to all orders in the 1/\sqrt{\lambda} expansion with \lambda the 't
Hooft coupling, it receives non-perturbative contributions in 1/\sqrt{\lambda}
from worldsheet instantons. We find that the width increases quadratically with
momentum at large momentum and comment on potential phenomenological
implications of this enhancement for heavy ion collisions. We also comment on
how this non-perturbative effect has important consequences for the phase
structure of the YM theory obtained in the classical gravity limit.


title:
Optimal reference states for maximum accessible entanglement under the
  local particle number superselection rule

abstract:
  Global conservation laws imply superselection rules (SSR) which restrict the
operations that are possible on any given state. Imposing the additional
constraint of local operations and classical communication (LOCC) forbids the
transfer of quantum systems between spatially separated sites. In the case of
particle conservation this imposes a SSR for local particle number. That is,
the coherences between subspaces of fixed particle number at each site are not
accessible and any state is therefore equivalent to its projection onto these
subspaces. The accessible entanglement under the SSR is less than (or equal to)
that available in the absence of the SSR. An ancilla can be used as a reference
system to increase the amount of accessible entanglement. We examine the
relationship between local particle number uncertainty and the accessible
entanglement and consider the optimal reference states for recovering
entanglement from certain systems. In particular we derive the optimal ancilla
state for extracting entanglement for a single shared particle and make steps
towards the optimum for general systems.


title: An EPR local theory with a local correlation

abstract:
  A local theory with a local correlation is proposed to give an explanation
for the contractions in the GHZ-like proofs for Bell's theorem and the
violation to Bell's inequality. It agrees with the experimental predictions for
the GHZ state of three entangled spins, the Bell state of two entangled spins
and one spin state. It is found that the contradiction in the GHZ-like proofs
and the violation to Bell's inequality can be attributed to the local
correlation.


title:
Photoproduction of single inclusive jets at future ep colliders in
  next-to-leading order QCD

abstract:
  A next-to-leading order QCD calculation for single-inclusive jet
photoproduction in unpolarized and longitudinally polarized lepton-hadron
collisions is presented which consistently includes ``direct'' and ``resolved''
photon contributions. The computation is performed within the ``small-cone
approximation'' in a largely analytical form. Phenomenological aspects of jet
production at future ep colliders such as the CERN-LHeC and the polarized
BNL-eRHIC are discussed, placing particular emphasis on the perturbative
stability of the predictions and the possibility to constrain the parton
content of the photon.


title:
Analytic treatment of CRIB Quantum Memories for Light using Two-level
  Atoms

abstract:
  It has recently been discovered that the optical analogue of a gradient echo
in an optically thick material could form the basis of a optical memory that is
both completely efficient and noise free. Here we present analytical
calculation showing this is the case. There is close analogy between the
operation of the memory and an optical system with two beam splitters. We can
use this analogy to calculate efficiencies as a function of optical depth for a
number of quantum memory schemes based on controlled inhomogeneous broadening.
In particular we show that multiple switching leads to a net 100% retrieval
efficiency for the optical gradient echo even in the optically thin case.


title:
The exact interpretation of mass differences in upper part of the
  charmonium spectrum

abstract:
  Mass differences of the charmonium mesons $\psi$(3770), $X$(3872),
$\chi$(3929), $X$(3940), $\psi$(4040), $\psi$(4160), $X$(4259) and $\psi$(4415)
have been studied. The analysis of data has shown, 5 of 7 mass differences with
$\psi$(4415) are precisely interpreted by using of harmonic quarks and their
complete oscillators. Upper part of the charmonium spectrum consists of two
groups. Except for two particles ($\psi$(3770) and $\psi$(4040)) connected
among themselves, the others 5 particles are connected with a meson
$\psi$(4415). The levels are separated by elementary groups of harmonic quarks
and completed oscillators. Experimental and calculated data are in the good
consent. The masses of mesons $\psi$(4415), $X$(4260), $\psi$(4160), $X$(3943)
and $\chi$(3929) were recalculated. The second group demonstrates that harmonic
quarks can also well work below threshold $D\bar{D}$.


title: Inflation in $R + R^2$ Gravity with Torsion

abstract:
  We examine an inflationary model in $R + R^2$ gravity with torsion, where
$R^2$ denotes five independent quadratic curvature invariants; it turns out
that only two free parameters remain in this model. We show that the behavior
of the scale factor $a(t)$ is determined by two scalar fields, axial torsion
$\chi(t)$ and the totally anti-symmetric curvature $E(t)$, which satisfy two
first-order differential equations. Considering $\dot{\chi}\approx 0$ during
inflation leads to a power-law inflation: $a \sim (t+ A)^p$ where $1< p \leq 2
$, and the constant $A$ is determined by the initial values of $E$, $\chi$ and
the two parameters. After the end of inflation, $\chi$ and $E$ will enter into
an oscillatory phase.


title: Quantitative Paradigm of Software Reliability as Content Relevance

abstract:
  This paper presents a quantitative approach to software reliability and
content relevance definitions validated by the systems' potential reliability
law.Thus it is argued for the unified math nature or quantitative paradigm of
software reliability and content relevance.


title: Theory of Low-Temperature Hall Effect in Stripe--Ordered Cuprates

abstract:
  We investigate the effect of static anti-phase stripe order on the weak-field
Hall effect of electrons on a two-dimensional square lattice with electron
dispersion appropriate to the high T$_c$ cuprates. We first consider the cases
where the magnitudes of the spin and charge stripe potentials are smaller than
or of the same order as the bandwidth of the two-dimensional electrons, so that
the electronic properties are not too strongly one-dimensional. In a model with
only spin stripe potential, and at carrier concentrations appropriate to
hole-doped cuprates, increasing the stripe scattering potential from zero leads
to an increase in $R_H$, followed by a sign change. If the scattering amplitude
is yet further increased, a second sign change occurs. The results are in
semiquantitative agreement with data. In a charge-stripe-potential-only model,
$R_H$ increases as the charge stripe scattering strength increases, with no
sign change occurring. In a model with both spin and charge stripe potentials,
$R_H$ may be enhanced or may change sign, depending on the strengths of the two
scattering potentials. We also consider the case in which the magnitudes of the
stripe potentials are much larger than the bandwidth, where analytical results
can be obtained. In this limit, the system is quasi-one-dimensional, while
$R_H$ remains finite and its sign is determined by the carrier density and the
electron band parameters.


title: Spin-Echo Measurements for an Anomalous Quantum Phase of 2D Helium-3

abstract:
  Previous heat-capacity measurements of our group had shown the possible
existence of an anomalous quantum phase containing the zero-point vacancies
(ZPVs) in 2D $^{3}$He. The system is monolayer $^{3}$He adsorbed on graphite
preplated with monolayer $^{4}$He at densities ($\rho$) just below the 4/7
commensurate phase ($0.8\leq \rho /\rho_{4/7}\leq 1$). We carried out
pulsed-NMR measurements in order to examine the microscopic and dynamical
nature of this phase. The measured decay of spin echo signals shows the
non-exponential behaviour. The decay curve can be fitted with the double
exponential function, but the relative intensity of the component with a longer
time constant is small (5%) and does not depend on density and temperature,
which contradicts the macroscopic fluid and 4/7 phase coexistence model. This
slowdown is likely due to the mosaic angle spread of Grafoil substrate and the
anisotropic spin-spin relaxation time $T_{2}$ in 2D systems with respect to the
magnetic field direction. The inverse $T_2$ value deduced from the major echo
signal with a shorter time constant, which obeys the single exponential
function, decreases linearly with decreasing density from $n=1$, supporting the
ZPV model.


title:
Fermi liquid in the Hubbard Model with an electron reservoir: Normal
  state of cuprate superconductors

abstract:
  It is proved that the ground state under the supreme single-site
approximation (S^3A), the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), or the dynamical
coherent potential approximation (DCPA) is the normal Fermi liquid in the
presence of an infinitesimally weak hybridization with an electron reservoir,
except for the just half filling of electrons and the infinite on-site
repulsion. In the strong-coupling regime, in particular, the Fermi liquid is
stabilized under S^3A, DMFT, or DCPA by the Kondo effect, which stabilizes a
local singlet on each unit cell, and is further stabilized beyond it by the
Fock-type term of the superexchange interaction or a resonating valence bond
(RVB) mechanism, which stabilizes a local singlet on each pair of nearest
neighbors. The Fermi liquid is a relevant normal state to study possible
lower-temperature phases or the true ground state. It is proposed that the
Fermi liquid stabilized by the Kondo effect and the RVB mechanism is the normal
state of cuprate high-temperature superconductors.


title:
A novel antiproton radial diagnostic based on octupole induced ballistic
  loss

abstract:
  We report results from a novel diagnostic that probes the outer radial
profile of trapped antiproton clouds. The diagnostic allows us to determine the
profile by monitoring the time-history of antiproton losses that occur as an
octupole field in the antiproton confinement region is increased. We show
several examples of how this diagnostic helps us to understand the radial
dynamics of antiprotons in normal and nested Penning-Malmberg traps. Better
understanding of these dynamics may aid current attempts to trap antihydrogen
atoms.


title:
Monte-Carlo analysis of critical properties of the two-dimensional
  randomly site-diluted Ising model via Wang-Landau algorithm

abstract:
  The influence of random site dilution on the critical properties of the
two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice was explored by Monte Carlo
simulations with the Wang-Landau sampling. The lattice linear size was $L =
20-120$ and the concentration of diluted sites $q=0.1, 0.2, 0.3$. Its pure
version displays a second-order phase transition with a vanishing specific heat
critical exponent $\alpha$, thus, the Harris criterion is inconclusive, in that
disorder is a relevant or irrelevant perturbation for the critical behavior of
the pure system. The main effort was focused on the specific heat and magnetic
susceptibility. We have also looked at the probability distribution of
susceptibility, pseudocritical temperatures and specific heat for assessing
self-averaging. The study was carried out in appropriate restricted but
dominant energy subspaces. By applying the finite-size scaling analysis, the
correlation length exponent $\nu$ was found to be greater than one, whereas the
ratio of the critical exponents ($\alpha /\nu$) is negative and ($\gamma /\nu$)
retains its pure Ising model value supporting weak universality.


title:
Comment to the Paper of Michael J. Saxton: "A Biological Interpretation
  of Transient Anomalous Subdiffusion. I. Qualitative Model"

abstract:
  In a recent paper, Michael J. Saxton proposes to interpret as anomalous
diffusion the occurrence of apparent transient sub-diffusive regimes in
mean-squared displacements (MSD) plots, calculated from experimental
trajectories of molecules diffusing in living cells, acquired by Single
Particle (or Molecule) Tracking techniques (SPT or SMT). In this Comment,
without questioning the existence of sub-diffusive behaviors, which certainly
play a key role in numbers of mechanisms in living systems, we point out that
the data used by J.M. Saxton can as well be fitted by a simple law, resulting
from confined diffusion at short times, with a slower free diffusion
superimposed at larger times. When visualizing MSD plots, the transition from
short-term diffusion confined in domains of size L, to slower, longer-term free
diffusion, can be confused with anomalous diffusion over several orders of
magnitude of time.


title: Bouncing Universe with Non-minimally Coupled Quintom Matter

abstract:
  In this letter, we study the condition for a generalized DBI action providing
a quintom scenario of dark energy. We consider a development of string-inspired
quintom by introducing non-minimal coupling. Then we show that the bouncing
solution can appear in the universe dominated by the non-minimally coupled
quintom matter.


title: Number of closed-channel molecules in the BEC-BCS crossover

abstract:
  Using a two-channel model, we show that the number of closed channel
molecules in a two-component Fermi gas close to a Feshbach resonance is
directly related to the derivative of the energy of the gas with respect to the
inverse scattering length. We extract this quantity from the fixed node
Monte-Carlo equation of state and we compare to the number of closed channel
molecules measured in the Rice experiment with lithium [Partridge et al., Phys.
Rev. Lett. 95, 020404 (2005)]. We also discuss the effect of a difference
between the trapping potentials seen by a closed-channel molecule and by an
open-channel pair of atoms in terms of an effective position-dependent
scattering length.


title: Ion irradiation induced direct damage to DNA

abstract:
  Ion beams have been widely applied in a few biological research fields such
as radioactive breeding, health protection, and tumor therapy. Up to now many
interesting and impressive achievements in biology and agriculture have been
made. Over the past several decades, scientists in biology, physics, and
chemistry have pursued investigations focused on understanding the mechanisms
of these radiobiological effects of ion beams. From the chemical point of view,
these effects are due to the ion irradiation induced biomolecular damage,
direct or indirect. In this review, we will present a chemical overview of the
direct effects of ion irradiation upon DNA and its components, based on a
review of literature combined with recent experimental results. It is suggested
that, under ion bombardment, a DNA molecule undergoes a variety of processes,
including radical formation, atomic displacement, intramolecular
bond-scissions, emission of fragments, fragment recombination and molecular
crosslink, which may lead to genetic mutations or cell death. This may help to
understand the mechanisms of the radiobiological effects caused by ion
irradiation, such as radiation breeding and tumor therapy.


title:
Concentration inequalities for $s$-concave measures of dilations of
  Borel sets and applications

abstract:
  We prove a sharp inequality conjectured by Bobkov on the measure of dilations
of Borel sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$ by a $s$-concave probability. Our result gives
a common generalization of an inequality of Nazarov, Sodin and Volberg and a
concentration inequality of Gu\'edon. Applying our inequality to the level sets
of functions satisfying a Remez type inequality, we deduce, as it is classical,
that these functions enjoy dimension free distribution inequalities and
Kahane-Khintchine type inequalities with positive and negative exponent, with
respect to an arbitrary $s$-concave probability.


title: Membrane tension lowering induced by protein activity

abstract:
  We present measurements of the fluctuation spectrum of giant vesicles
containing bacteriorhodopsin (BR) pumps using video-microscopy. When the pumps
are activated, we observe a significant increase of the fluctuations in the low
wavevector region, which we interpret as due to a lowering of the effective
tension of the membrane.


title: Extracting the Maxwell charge from the Wheeler-DeWitt equation

abstract:
  We consider the Wheeler-De Witt equation as a device for finding eigenvalues
of a Sturm-Liouville problem. In particular, we will focus our attention on the
electric (magnetic) Maxwell charge. In this context, we interpret the Maxwell
charge as an eigenvalue of the Wheeler-De Witt equation generated by the
gravitational field fluctuations. A variational approach with Gaussian trial
wave functionals is used as a method to study the existence of such an
eigenvalue. We restrict the analysis to the graviton sector of the
perturbation. We approximate the equation to one loop in a Schwarzschild
background and a zeta function regularization is involved to handle with
divergences. The regularization is closely related to the subtraction procedure
appearing in the computation of Casimir energy in a curved background. A
renormalization procedure is introduced to remove the infinities together with
a renormalization group equation.


title:
On the influence of ram-pressure stripping on interacting galaxies in
  clusters

abstract:
  We investigate the influence of ram pressure on the star-formation rate and
the distribution of gas and stellar matter in interacting model galaxies in
clusters. To simulate the baryonic and non-baryonic components of interacting
disc galaxies moving through a hot, thin medium we use a combined
N-body/hydrodynamic code GADGET2 with a description for star formation based on
density thresholds. Two identical model spiral galaxies on a collision
trajectory with three different configurations were investigated in detail. In
the first configuration the galaxies collide without the presence of an ambient
medium, in the second configurations the ram pressure acts face on on the
interacting galaxies and in the third configuration the ram pressure acts edge
on. The ambient medium is thin ($10^{-28}$ g/cm$^3$), hot (3 keV $\approx
3.6\times10^7$K) and has a relative velocity of 1000 km/s, to mimic an average
low ram pressure in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. The interaction
velocities are comparable to galaxy interactions in groups, falling along
filaments into galaxy clusters. The global star formation rate of the
interacting system is enhanced in the presence of ram pressure by a factor of
three in comparison to the same interaction without the presence of an ambient
medium. The tidal tails and the gaseous bridge of the interacting system are
almost completely destroyed by the ram pressure. The amount of gas in the wake
of the interacting system is $\sim50$% of the total gas of the colliding
galaxies after 500 Myr the galaxies start to feel the ram pressure. Nearly
$\sim10-15%$ in mass of all newly formed stars are formed in the wake of the
interacting system at distances larger than 20 kpc behind the stellar discs.
(abrigded)


title: Ion irradiation induced direct damage to proteins and their components

abstract:
  In our last paper, we have reported the direct interact between energetic
ions and DNA, and its components, pointing out that damage to DNA is actually
of highest biological consequence, as the integrity of DNA sequence is
essential for biological function. Proteins are another kind of important
biomolecules. Although much recent attention has been payed to ion irradiation
initiated reaction cascades leading to DNA damage, the protein lesions induced
by energetic ions remain virtually unexplored at the molecular scale (maybe
because there are usually many copies of each protein, so a comparable level of
damage is of much less biological impact). Except for DNA damage, an
understanding of nascent events leading to radiolytic protein damage is also
required in order to achieve a complete description of ionizing radiation
effects on living cells.


abstract:
  The Degasperis-Procesi equation with self-consistent sources(DPESCS) is
derived. The Lax representation and the conservation laws for DPESCS are
constructed. The peakon solution of DPESCS is obtained.


title: A homogeneous Gibbons-Hawking ansatz and Blaschke products

abstract:
  A homogeneous Gibbons-Hawking ansatz is described, leading to 4-dimensional
hyperkahler metrics with homotheties. In combination with Blaschke products on
the unit disc in the complex plane, this ansatz allows one to construct
infinite-dimensional families of such hyperkahler metrics that are, in a
suitable sense, complete. Our construction also gives rise to incomplete
metrics on 3-dimensional contact manifolds that induce complete
Carnot-Caratheodory distances.


title: Path lengths in tree-child time consistent hybridization networks

abstract:
  Hybridization networks are representations of evolutionary histories that
allow for the inclusion of reticulate events like recombinations,
hybridizations, or lateral gene transfers. The recent growth in the number of
hybridization network reconstruction algorithms has led to an increasing
interest in the definition of metrics for their comparison that can be used to
assess the accuracy or robustness of these methods. In this paper we establish
some basic results that make it possible the generalization to tree-child time
consistent (TCTC) hybridization networks of some of the oldest known metrics
for phylogenetic trees: those based on the comparison of the vectors of path
lengths between leaves. More specifically, we associate to each hybridization
network a suitably defined vector of `splitted' path lengths between its
leaves, and we prove that if two TCTC hybridization networks have the same such
vectors, then they must be isomorphic. Thus, comparing these vectors by means
of a metric for real-valued vectors defines a metric for TCTC hybridization
networks. We also consider the case of fully resolved hybridization networks,
where we prove that simpler, `non-splitted' vectors can be used.


title:
An Essay on the Application of mathematical Analysis to the theories of
  Electricity and Magnetism

abstract:
  Green's famous essay (Nottingham, 1828), with which he introduced the
potential function, was transcribed from its reprint in Crelle's Journal
(1850-54), with several typographical corrections and a reference section
added. Green starts with accounts of earlier work, and some introductory
remarks motivating his notation and method. Then, he gives a textual summary of
later formal calculations, beginning with the general results. Finally, Green
applies the results to several problems concerning electricity and magnetism.


title:
A dependence of the enhancement factor in energy-weighted sums for
  isovector giant resonances

abstract:
  We consider the energy weighted sums (EWS) for isovector giant dipole
resonances (IVGDR) in finite nuclei within Landau kinetic theory. The
dependence of both IVGDR energy, $E_{IVGDR}$, and the EWS enhancement factor,
$\kappa (A)$, on the mass number $A$ occurs because of the boundary condition
on the moving nuclear surface. The values of $E_{IVGDR}A^{1/3}$ and $\kappa
(A)$ increase with $A$. The obtained value of the enhancement factor is about
10% for light nuclei and reaches approximately 20% for heavy nuclei. A fit of
the enhancement factor to the proper experimental data provides a value for the
isovector Landau amplitude of $F'_1\simeq 1.1$.


title: A proof of the Riemann hypothesis

abstract: This paper has been withdrawn by the author, due to a mistake on page 29.


title:
Linear density response function within the time-dependent
  exact-exchange approximation

abstract:
  We have calculated the frequency-dependent exact exchange (EXX) kernel of
time-dependent (TD) density functional theory employing our recently proposed
computational method based on cubic splines. With this kernel we have
calculated the linear density response function and obtained static
polarizabilites, van der Waals coefficients and correlation energies for all
spherical spin compensated atoms up to Argon. Some discrete excitation energies
have also been calculated for Be and Ne. As might be expected, the results of
the TDEXX approximation are close to those of TD Hartree-Fock theory. In
addition, correlation energies obtained by integrating over the strength of the
Coulomb interaction turn out to be highly accurate.


title: Solar twins in M67

abstract:
  The discovery of true solar analogues is fundamental for a better
understanding of the Sun and of the solar system. The open cluster M67 offers a
unique opportunity to search for solar analogues because its chemical
composition and age are very similar to those of the Sun. We analyze FLAMES
spectra of a large number of M67 main sequence stars to identify solar
analogues in this cluster.We first determine cluster members which are likely
not binaries, by combining proper motions and radial velocity measurements. We
concentrate our analysis on the determination of stellar effective temperature,
using analyses of line-depth ratios and H$\alpha$ wings, making a direct
comparison with the solar spectrum obtained with the same instrument. We also
compute the lithium abundance for all the stars.Ten stars have both the
temperature derived by line-depth ratios and H$\alpha$ wings within 100 K from
the Sun. From these stars we derive, assuming a cluster reddening
$E(B-V)=0.041$, the solar colour $(B-V)_\odot=0.649\pm0.016$ and a cluster
distance modulus of 9.63. Five stars are most similar (within 60 K) to the Sun
and candidates to be true solar twins. These stars have also a low Li content,
comparable to the photospheric abundance of the Sun, likely indicating a
similar mixing evolution. We find several candidates for the best solar
analogues ever. These stars are amenable to further spectroscopic
investigations and planet search. The solar colours are determined with rather
high accuracy with an independent method, as well as the cluster distance
modulus.


title: Graph Kernels

abstract:
  We present a unified framework to study graph kernels, special cases of which
include the random walk graph kernel \citep{GaeFlaWro03,BorOngSchVisetal05},
marginalized graph kernel \citep{KasTsuIno03,KasTsuIno04,MahUedAkuPeretal04},
and geometric kernel on graphs \citep{Gaertner02}. Through extensions of linear
algebra to Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) and reduction to a
Sylvester equation, we construct an algorithm that improves the time complexity
of kernel computation from $O(n^6)$ to $O(n^3)$. When the graphs are sparse,
conjugate gradient solvers or fixed-point iterations bring our algorithm into
the sub-cubic domain. Experiments on graphs from bioinformatics and other
application domains show that it is often more than a thousand times faster
than previous approaches. We then explore connections between diffusion kernels
\citep{KonLaf02}, regularization on graphs \citep{SmoKon03}, and graph kernels,
and use these connections to propose new graph kernels. Finally, we show that
rational kernels \citep{CorHafMoh02,CorHafMoh03,CorHafMoh04} when specialized
to graphs reduce to the random walk graph kernel.


title:
Acoustic emission associated with the bursting of a gas bubble at the
  free surface of a non-newtonian fluid

abstract:
  We report experimental measurements of the acoustic emission associated with
the bursting of a gas bubble at the free surface of a non-newtonian fluid. On
account of the viscoelastic properties of the fluid, the bubble is generally
elongated. The associated frequency and duration of the acoustic signal are
discussed with regard to the shape of the bubble and successfully accounted for
by a simple linear model. The acoustic energy exhibits a high sensitivity to
the dynamics of the thin film bursting, which demonstrates that, in practice,
it is barely possible to deduce from the acoustic measurements the total amount
of energy released by the event. Our experimental findings provide clues for
the understanding of the signals from either volcanoes or foams, where one
observes respectively, the bursting of giant bubbles at the free surface of
lava and bubble bursting avalanches.


title:
Generalized Q-functions and Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps for elliptic
  differential operators

abstract:
  The classical concept of $Q$-functions associated to symmetric and
selfadjoint operators due to M.G. Krein and H. Langer is extended in such a way
that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map in the theory of elliptic differential
equations can be interpreted as a generalized $Q$-function. For couplings of
uniformly elliptic second order differential expression on bounded and
unbounded domains explicit Krein type formulas for the difference of the
resolvents and trace formulas in an $H^2$-framework are obtained.


title: Transiting planets - lightcurve analysis for eccentric orbits

abstract:
  Transiting planet lightcurves have historically been used predominantly for
measuring the depth and hence ratio of the planet-star radii, p. Equations have
been previously presented by Seager & Mallen-Ornelas (2003) for the analysis of
the total and trough transit lightcurve times to derive the ratio of semi-major
axis to stellar radius, a/R*, in the case of circular orbits. Here, a new
analytic model is proposed which operates for the more general case of an
eccentric orbit. We aim to investigate three major effects our model predicts:
i) the degeneracy in transit lightcurve solutions for eccentricity, e>0 ii) the
asymmetry of the lightcurve and the resulting shift in the mid-transit time,
Tmid iii) the effect of eccentricity on the ingress and egress slopes. It is
shown that a system with changing eccentricity and inclination may produce a
long period transit time variation (LTTV). Furthermore, we use our model in a
reanalysis of HD 209458 b archived data by Richardson et al. (2006), where we
include the confirmed non-zero eccentricity and derive a 24 micron planetary
radius of R_P = 1.275 +- 0.082 R_J (where R_J = 1 Jovian radius), which is 1%
larger than is we assume a circular orbit.


title: Extent of force indeterminacy in packings of frictional rigid disks

abstract:
  Static packings of frictional rigid particles are investigated by means of
discrete element simulations. We explore the ensemble of allowed force
realizations in the space of contact forces for a given packing structure. We
estimate the extent of force indeterminacy with different methods. The
indeterminacy exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the interparticle friction
coefficient. We verify directly that larger force-indeterminacy is accompanied
by a more robust behavior against local perturbations. We also investigate the
local indeterminacy of individual contact forces. The probability distribution
of local indeterminacy changes its shape depending on friction. We find that
local indeterminacy tends to be larger on force chains for intermediate
friction. This correlation disappears in the large friction limit.


title:
Thermal hadron spectrum in $e^+e^-$ annihilation from gauge/string
  duality

abstract:
  We compute the inclusive spectrum of produced particles in e+e- annihilation
in confining gauge theories that have a gravity dual and show that the momentum
distribution exhibits the thermal behavior.


title: The su(2|3) Undynamic Spin Chain

abstract:
  The integrable spin chain found in perturbative planar N=4 supersymmetric
gauge theory is dynamic. Here we propose a reformulation which removes the
dynamic effects in order to make the model more accessible to an algebraic
treatment.


title:
Detection efficiency and photometry in supernova surveys - the Stockholm
  VIMOS Supernova Survey I

abstract:
  The aim of the work presented in this paper is to test and optimise supernova
detection methods based on the optimal image subtraction technique. The main
focus is on applying the detection methods to wide field supernova imaging
surveys and in particular to the Stockholm VIMOS Supernova Survey (SVISS). We
have constructed a supernova detection pipeline for imaging surveys. The core
of the pipeline is image subtraction using the ISIS 2.2 package. Using real
data from the SVISS we simulate supernovae in the images, both inside and
outside galaxies. The detection pipeline is then run on the simulated frames
and the effects of image quality and subtraction parameters on the detection
efficiency and photometric accuracy are studied. The pipeline allows efficient
detection of faint supernovae in the deep imaging data. It also allows
controlling and correcting for possible systematic effects in the SN detection
and photometry. We find such a systematic effect in the form of a small
systematic flux offset remaining at the positions of galaxies in the subtracted
frames. This offset will not only affect the photometric accuracy of the
survey, but also the detection efficiencies. Our study has shown that ISIS 2.2
works well for the SVISS data. We have found that the detection efficiency and
photometric accuracy of the survey are affected by the stamp selection for the
image subtraction and by host galaxy brightness. With our tools the subtraction
results can be further optimised, any systematic effects can be controlled and
photometric errors estimated, which is very important for the SVISS, as well as
for future SN searches based on large imaging surveys such as Pan-STARRS and
LSST.


title:
Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.24 in the Subaru Deep Field and the Sloan
  Digital Sky Survey

abstract:
  We make a search for Halpha emitting galaxies at z=0.24 in the Subaru Deep
Field (SDF) using the archival data set obtained with the Subaru Telescope. We
carefully select Halpha emitters in the narrowband filter NB816, using B, V,
Rc, i', and z' broad-band colors. We obtain a sample of 258 emitting galaxies
with observed equivalent widths of (Halpha+[NII]6548,6584) greater than 12
angstrom. We also analyze a sample of Halpha emitters taken from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to constrain the luminous end of Halpha luminosity
function. Using the same selection criteria as for the SDF, and after excluding
AGNs, we obtain 317 Halpha emitting star-forming galaxies. Combining these two
samples of Halpha emitters found in both SDF and SDSS, we derive a Halpha
luminosity function with best-fit Schechter function parameters of alpha =
-1.31^+0.17_-0.17, log phi^* = -2.46^+0.34_-0.40 Mpc^-3, log L^* =
41.99^+0.08_-0.07 ergs s^-1. An extinction-corrected Halpha luminosity density
is 4.45^+2.96_-1.75 x 10^39 ergs s^-1 Mpc^-3. Using the Kennicutt relation
between the Halpha luminosity and star formation rate, the star formation rate
density in the survey volume is estimated as 0.035^+0.024_-0.014 M_sun yr^-1
Mpc^-3. The angular two-point correlation function of Halpha emitters over 875
arcmin^2 at z = 0.24 is well fitted by a power-law form with w(theta) =
0.047^+0.017_-0.013 theta^-0.66 +- 0.08, corresponding to the correlation
function of xi(r) = (r/2.6^+1.0_-0.8 Mpc)^(-1.66 +- 0.08). The small
correlation length of Halpha emitters may imply the weak clustering of active
star-forming galaxies.


title:
Dominant NNLO corrections to four-fermion production near the W-pair
  production threshold

abstract:
  We calculate the parametrically dominant next-to-next-to-leading order
corrections to four-fermion production e^- e^+ -> mu^- nubar_mu u dbar + X at
centre-of-mass energies near the W-pair production threshold employing the
method of unstable-particle effective theory. In total the correction is small,
leading to a shift of 3 MeV in the W-mass measurement. We also discuss the
implementation of realistic cuts and provide a result for the interference of
single-Coulomb and soft radiative corrections that can easily be extended to
include an arbitrary number of Coulomb photons.


title: Chronological null complete spacetimes admit a global time

abstract:
  The result "chronological spacetimes without lightlike lines are stably
causal" is announced and motivated. It implies that chronological spacetimes
which are null geodesically complete and satisfy the null genericity and the
null (averaged) energy condition admit a time function.


title: Universal sub-leading terms in ground state fidelity

abstract:
  The study of the (logarithm of the) {\em fidelity} i.e., of the overlap
amplitude, between ground states of Hamiltonians corresponding to different
coupling constants, provides a valuable insight on critical phenomena. When the
parameters are infinitesimally close, it is known that the leading term behaves
as $O(L^\alpha)$ ($L$ system size) where $\alpha$ is equal to the spatial
dimension $d$ for gapped systems, and otherwise depends on the critical
exponents. Here we show that when parameters are changed along a critical
manifold, a sub-leading O(1) term can appear. This term, somewhat similar to
the topological entanglement entropy, depends only on the system's universality
class and encodes non-trivial information about the topology of the system. We
relate it to universal $g$ factors and partition functions of (boundary)
conformal field theory in $d=1$ and $d=2$ dimensions. Numerical checks are
presented on the simple example of the XXZ chain.


title:
The nucleus of the Sagittarius dSph galaxy and M54: a window on the
  process of galaxy nucleation

abstract:
  We present the results of a thorough study of the nucleus of the Sgr dwarf
spheroidal galaxy and of the bright globular cluster M54 that resides within
the same nucleus (Sgr,N). We have obtained accurate radial velocities and
metallicity estimates for 1152 candidate Red Giant Branch stars of Sgr and M54
lying within ~ 9 arcmin from the center of the galaxy, from Keck/DEIMOS and
VLT/FLAMES spectra of the infrared Calcium II triplet. Using both velocity and
metallicity information we selected two samples of 425 and 321 very-likely
members of M54 and of Sgr,N, respectively. The two considered systems display
significantly different velocity dispersion profiles: M54 has a steeply
decreasing profile from r=0, where sigma= 14.2 km/s, to r=3.5 arcmin where it
reaches sigma=5.3 km/s, then it appears to rise again to sigma= 10 km/s at r=7
arcmin. In contrast Sgr,N has a uniformly flat profile at sigma=9.6 km/s over
the whole 0 < r < 9 arcmin range. Using data from the literature we show that
the velocity dispersion of Sgr remains constant at least out to r ~ 100 arcmin
and there is no sign of the transition between the outer
flat-luminosity-profile core and the inner nucleus in the velocity profile.
These results - together with a re-analysis of the surface brightness profile
of Sgr,N and a suite of dedicated N-body simulations - provide very strong
support for the hypothesis that the nucleus of Sgr formed independently of M54,
which probably plunged to its present position, coincident with Sgr,N, because
of significant decay of the original orbit due to dynamical friction.


title:
Fabrication of closely spaced, independently contacted Electron-Hole
  bilayers in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures

abstract:
  We describe a technique to fabricate closely spaced electron-hole bilayers in
GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures. Our technique incorporates a novel method for
making shallow contacts to a low density ($<10^{11}cm^{-2}$) 2-dimensional
electron gas (2DEG) that do not require annealing. Four terminal measurements
on both layers (25nm apart) are possible. Measurements show a hole mobility
$\mu_{h}>10^{5}{\rm cm}^{2}{\rm V}^{-1}{\rm s}^{-1}$ and an electron mobility
$\mu_{e}>10^{6}{\rm cm}^{2}{\rm V}^{-1}{\rm s}^{-1}$ at 1.5K. Preliminary drag
measurements made down to T=300mK indicate an enhancement of coulomb
interaction over the values obtained from a static Random Phase Approximation
(RPA) calculation.


title:
Dependence of the liquid-vapor surface tension on the range of
  interaction: a test of the law of corresponding states

abstract:
  The planar surface tension of coexisting liquid and vapor phases of a fluid
of Lennard-Jones atoms is studied as a function of the range of the potential
using both Monte Carlo simulations and Density Functional Theory. The
interaction range is varied from $r_c^* = 2.5$ to $r_c^* = 6$ and the surface
tension is determined for temperatures ranging from $T^* = 0.7$ up to the
critical temperature in each case. The results are shown to be consistent with
previous studies. The simulation data are well-described by Guggenheim's law of
corresponding states but the agreement of the theoretical results depends on
the quality of the bulk equation of state.


title: Kinetic Monte Carlo Studies of Hydrogen Abstraction from Graphite

abstract:
  We present Monte Carlo simulations on Eley-Rideal abstraction reactions of
atomic hydrogen chemisorbed on graphite. The results are obtained via a hybrid
approach where energy barriers derived from density functional theory
calculations are used as input to Monte Carlo simulations. By comparing with
experimental data, we discriminate between contributions from different
Eley-Rideal mechanisms. A combination of two different mechanisms yields good
quantitative and qualitative agreement between the experimentally derived and
the simulated Eley-Rideal abstraction cross sections and surface
configurations. These two mechanisms include a direct Eley-Rideal reaction with
fast diffusing H atoms and a dimer mediated Eley-Rideal mechanism with
increased cross section at low coverage. Such a dimer mediated Eley-Rideal
mechanism has not previously been proposed and serves as an alternative
explanation to the steering behavior often given as the cause of the coverage
dependence observed in Eley-Rideal reaction cross sections.


title: Single particle nonlocality with completely independent reference states

abstract:
  We describe a scheme to demonstrate the nonlocal properties of a single
particle by showing a violation of Bell's inequality. The scheme is
experimentally achievable as the only inputs are number states and mixed
states, which serve as references to `keep track of the experiment'. These
reference states are created completely independently of one another and
correlated only after all the measurement results have been recorded. This
means that any observed nonlocality must solely be due to the single particle
state. All the techniques used are equally applicable to massive particles as
to photons and as such this scheme could be used to show the nonlocality of
atoms.


title:
The nature of the SDSS galaxies in various classes based on morphology,
  colour and spectral features -- I. Optical properties

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive study of the nature of the SDSS galaxies divided
into various classes based on their morphology, colour, and spectral features.
The SDSS galaxies are classified into early-type and late-type; red and blue;
passive, HII, Seyfert, and LINER, returning a total of 16 fine classes of
galaxies. We examine the luminosity dependence of seven physical parameters of
galaxies in each class. We find that more than half of red early-type galaxies
(REGs) have star formation or AGN activity, and that these active REGs have
smaller axis ratio and bluer outside compared to the passive REGs. Blue
early-type galaxies (BEGs) show structural features similar to those of REGs,
but their centres are bluer than REGs. HII BEGs are found to have bluer centres
than passive BEGs, but HII REGs have bluer outside than passive REGs.
Bulge-dominated late-type galaxies have red colours. Passive red late-types are
similar to REGs in several aspects. Most blue late-type galaxies (BLGs) have
forming stars, but a small fraction of BLGs do not show evidence for current
star formation activity. Differences of other physical parameters among
different classes are inspected, and their implication on galaxy evolution is
discussed.


title: The effect of tamper layer on the explosion dynamics of atom clusters

abstract:
  The behavior of small samples in very short and intense hard x-ray pulses is
studied by molecular dynamics type calculations. The main emphasis is put on
the effect of various tamper layers about the sample. This is discussed from
the point of view of structural imaging of single particles, including not only
the distortion of the structure but also the background conditions. A detailed
picture is given about the Coulomb explosion, with explanation of the tampering
mechanism. It is shown that a thin water layer is efficient in slowing down the
distortion of the atomic structure, but it gives a significant contribution to
the background.


title:
The physical significance of the Babak-Grishchuk gravitational
  energy-momentum tensor

abstract:
  We examine the claim of Babak and Grishchuk [1] to have solved the problem of
localising the energy and momentum of the gravitational field. After
summarising Grishchuk's flat-space formulation of gravity, we demonstrate its
equivalence to General Relativity at the level of the action. Two important
transformations are described (diffeomorphisms applied to all fields, and
diffeomorphisms applied to the flat-space metric alone) and we argue that both
should be considered gauge transformations: they alter the mathematical
representation of a physical system, but not the system itself. By examining
the transformation properties of the Babak-Grishchuk gravitational
energy-momentum tensor under these gauge transformations (infinitesimal and
finite) we conclude that this object has no physical significance.


title: Evolution of perturbed accelerating relativistic shock waves

abstract:
  We study the evolution of an accelerating hyperrelativistic shock under the
presence of upstream inhomogeneities wrinkling the discontinuity surface. The
investigation is conducted by means of numerical simulations using the PLUTO
code for astrophysical fluid dynamics. The reliability and robustness of the
code are demonstrated against well known results coming from the linear
perturbation theory. We then follow the nonlinear evolution of two classes of
perturbing upstream atmospheres and conclude that no lasting wrinkle can be
preserved indefinitely by the flow. Finally we derive analytically a
description of the geometrical effects of a turbulent upstream ambient on the
discontinuity surface.


title: Noisy quadrature of squeezed light and laser cooling

abstract:
  The laser cooling of atoms is a result of the combined effect of doppler
shift, light shift and polarization gradient. These are basically undesirable
phenomena. However, they combine gainfully in realizing laser cooling and
trapping of the atoms. In this paper we discuss the laser cooling of atoms in
the presence of the squeezed light with the decay of atomic dipole moment into
noisy quadrature. We show that the higher decay rate of the atomic dipole
moment into the noisy quadrature, which is also an undesirable effect, may
contribute in realizing larger cooling force vis-a-vis normal laser light.


title:
Sets of non-differentiability for conjugacies between expanding interval
  maps

abstract:
  We study differentiability of topological conjugacies between expanding
piecewise $C^{1+\epsilon}$ interval maps. If these conjugacies are not $C^1$,
then they have zero derivative almost everywhere. We obtain the result that in
this case the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points for which the derivative
of the conjugacy does not exist lies strictly between zero and one. Using
multifractal analysis and thermodynamic formalism, we show that this Hausdorff
dimension is explicitly determined by the Lyapunov spectrum. Moreover, we show
that these results give rise to a "rigidity dichotomy" for the type of
conjugacies under consideration.


title:
Circumstellar Disks in the Outer Galaxy: the Star-Forming Region NGC
  1893

abstract:
  It is still debated whether star formation process depends on environment. In
particular it is yet unclear whether star formation in the outer Galaxy, where
the environmental conditions are, theoretically, less conducive, occurs in the
same way as in the inner Galaxy. We investigate the population of NGC1893, a
young cluster ~3-4 Myr in the outer part of the Galaxy (galactic radius >11
Kpc), to explore the effects of environmental conditions on star forming
regions. We present infrared observations acquired using the IRAC camera
onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope and analyze the color-color diagrams to
establish the membership of stars with excesses. We also merge this information
with that obtained from Chandra ACIS-I observations, to identify the Class III
population. We find that the cluster is very rich, with 242 PMS Classical
T-Tauri stars and 7 Class 0/I stars. We identify 110 Class III candidate
cluster members in the ACIS-I field of view. We estimate a disk fraction for
NGC1893 of about 67%, similar to fractions calculated for nearby star forming
regions of the same age. Although environmental conditions are unfavorable,
star formation can clearly be very successful in the outer Galaxy, allowing
creation of a very rich cluster like NGC1893.


title:
Patterned backgating using single-sided mask aligners: application to
  density-matched electron-hole bilayers

abstract:
  We report our work on fabricating lithographically aligned patterned
backgates on thin (50-60$\mu$m) \Roman{roman3}-\Roman{roman5} semiconductor
samples using {\it single sided mask aligners only}. Along with this we also
present a way to photograph both sides of a thin patterned chip using
inexpensive infra-red light emitting diodes (LED) and an inexpensive (consumer)
digital camera. A robust method of contacting both sides of a sample using an
ultrasonic bonder is described. In addition we present a mathematical model to
analyse the variation of the electrochemical potential through the doped layers
and heterojunctions that are normally present in most GaAs based devices. We
utilise the technique and the estimates from our model to fabricate an
electron-hole bilayer device in which each layer is separately contacted and
has tunable densities. The electron and hole layers are separated by barriers
either 25 or 15nm wide. In both cases, the densities can be matched by using
appropriate bias voltages.