title:
A new description of lattice Yang-Mils theory and non-Abelian monopoles
  as the quark confiner

abstract:
  We propose a new description of the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory on a lattice,
which enables one to explain quark confinement based on the dual
superconductivity picture in a gauge independent way. This is because we can
define gauge-invariant magnetic monopoles which are inherent in the Wilson loop
operator. For SU(3) there are two options: the minimal option with a single
type of non-Abelian magnetic monopole characterized by the maximal stability
subgroup $\tilde{H}=U(2)=SU(2)\times U(1)$, and the maximal one with two types
of Abelian magnetic monopoles characterized by the maximal torus subgroup
$\tilde{H}=U(1)\times U(1)$. The maximal option corresponds to a gauge
independent reformulation of the Abelian projection represented by the
conventional MAG. In the minimal option, we have successfully performed the
numerical simulation of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory on a lattice. We give
preliminary numerical results showing the dominance of the non-Abelian magnetic
monopole in the string tension obtained from the Wilson loop in the fundamental
representation, and the infrared dominance of a decomposed field variable for
correlation functions after demonstrating the preservation of color symmetry
which was explicitly broken by the conventional MAG.


title:
K3 surfaces with non-symplectic involution and compact irreducible
  G_2-manifolds

abstract:
  We consider the connected-sum method of constructing compact Riemannian
7-manifolds with holonomy G_2 developed in math.DG/0012189. The method requires
pairs of projective complex threefolds endowed with anticanonical K3 divisors,
the latter `matching' via a certain non-holomorphic map. Suitable examples of
threefolds were previously obtained in math.DG/0012189 by blowing up curves in
Fano threefolds.
  In this paper, we give further suitable algebraic threefolds using theory of
K3 surfaces with non-symplectic involution due to Nikulin. These threefolds are
not obtainable from Fano threefolds, as above, and admit matching pairs leading
to topologically new examples of compact irreducible G_2-manifolds. `Geography'
of the values of Betti numbers b^2,b^3 for the new (and previously known)
examples of compact irreducible G_2 manifolds is also discussed.


title: RXTE-PCA Observations of XMMU J054134.7-682550

abstract:
  We analyzed RXTE-PCA observations of a recent outburst of the X-ray pulsar
XMMU J054134.7$-$682550. We calculated the pulse frequency history of the
source. We found no sign of a binary companion. The source spins up when the
X-ray flux is higher, with a correlation between the spin-up rate and X-ray
flux, which may be interpreted as a sign of an accretion disk. On the other
hand, the source was found to have an almost constant spin frequency when the
X-ray flux is lower without any clear sign of a spin-down episode. The decrease
in pulsed fraction with decreasing X-ray flux was intrepreted as a sign of
accretion geometry change, but we did not find any evidence of a transition
from accretor to propeller regimes. The source was found to have variable pulse
profiles. Two peaks in pulse profiles were usually observed. We studied the
X-ray spectral evolution of the source throughout the observation. Pulse phase
resolved analysis does not provide any further evidence for a cyclotron line,
but may suggest a slight variation of intensity and width of the 6.4 keV iron
line with phase.


title:
Quantum amplitude amplification algorithm: an explanation of
  availability bias

abstract:
  In this article, I show that a recent family of quantum algorithms, based on
the quantum amplitude amplification algorithm, can be used to describe a
cognitive heuristic called availability bias. The amplitude amplification
algorithm is used to define quantitatively the ease of a memory task, while the
quantum amplitude estimation and the quantum counting algorithms to describe
cognitive tasks such as estimating probability or approximate counting.


title: On the Zero-Bias Anomaly in Quantum Wires

abstract:
  Undoped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have been used to fabricate quantum
wires in which the average impurity separation is greater than the device size.
We compare the behavior of the Zero-Bias Anomaly against predictions from Kondo
and spin polarization models. Both theories display shortcomings, the most
dramatic of which are the linear electron-density dependence of the Zero-Bias
Anomaly spin-splitting at fixed magnetic field B and the suppression of the
Zeeman effect at pinch-off.


title: Effects of colored noise in short overdamped Josephson junction

abstract:
  We investigate the transient dynamics of a short overdamped Josephson
junction with a periodic driving signal in the presence of colored noise. We
analyze noise induced henomena, specifically resonant activation and noise
enhanced stability. We find that the positions both of the minimum of RA and
maximum of NES depend on the value of the noise correlation time tau_c.
Moreover, in the range where RA is observed, we find a non-monotonic behavior
of the mean switching time as a function of the correlation time tau_c.


title: Closed 1-Forms in Topology and Geometric Group Theory

abstract:
  In this article we describe relations of the topology of closed 1-forms to
the group theoretic invariants of Bieri-Neumann-Strebel-Renz. Starting with a
survey, we extend these Sigma invariants to finite CW- complexes and show that
many properties of the group theoretic version have analogous statements. In
particular we show the relation between Sigma invariants and finiteness
properties of certain infinite covering spaces. We also discuss applications of
these invariants to the Lusternik- Schnirelmann category of a closed 1-form and
to the existence of a non- singular closed 1-form in a given cohomology class
on a high-dimensional closed manifold.


title:
Comparison of statistical treatments for the equation of state for
  core-collapse supernovae

abstract:
  Neutrinos emitted during the collapse, bounce and subsequent explosion
provide information about supernova dynamics. The neutrino spectra are
determined by weak interactions with nuclei and nucleons in the inner regions
of the star, and thus the neutrino spectra are determined by the composition of
matter. The composition of stellar matter at temperature ranging from $T=1-3$
MeV and densities ranging from $10^{-5}$ to 0.1 times the saturation density is
explored. We examine the single-nucleus approximation commonly used in
describing dense matter in supernova simulations and show that, while the
approximation is accurate for predicting the energy and pressure at most
densities, it fails to predict the composition accurately. We find that as the
temperature and density increase, the single nucleus approximation
systematically overpredicts the mass number of nuclei that are actually present
and underestimates the contribution from lighter nuclei which are present in
significant amounts.


title: Noise Induced Intermittency in a Superconducting Microwave Resonator

abstract:
  We experimentally and numerically study a NbN superconducting stripline
resonator integrated with a microbridge. We find that the response of the
system to monochromatic excitation exhibits intermittency, namely,
noise-induced jumping between coexisting steady-state and limit-cycle
responses. A theoretical model that assumes piecewise linear dynamics yields
partial agreement with the experimental findings.


title:
The Diverse Solar Phase Curves of Distant Icy Bodies. II. The Cause of
  the Opposition Surges and Their Correlations

abstract:
  We collect well-measured opposition surge properties for many icy bodies
orbiting the Sun (mostly from our own observations) plus for many icy moons,
resulting in a data base of surface and orbital properties for 52 icy bodies.
(1) We put forward four criteria for determining whether the surge is being
dominated by shadow hiding (SH) or coherent backscattering (CB) based on
readily measured quantities. The CB surge mechanism dominates if the surge is
color dependent, the phase curve is steeper than 0.04 mag/deg, the phase curve
shape matches the CB model of Hapke, or if the albedo is higher than roughly
40%. (2) We find that virtually all of our sample have their phase curves
dominated by CB at low phase angles. (3) We present a graphical method to
determine the Hapke surge parameters B_C0 and h_C. (4) The Kuiper Belt Objects
(KBOs) and Centaurs have relatively high surge amplitudes, B_C0 > ~0.5 and
widths with h_C ~ 3 deg. (5) We find highly significant but loose correlations
between surge properties and the colors, albedos, and inclinations. We
interpret this as young surfaces tending to have low surge slopes, high albedo,
and gray colors. (6) Nereid has its surface properties similar to other icy
moons and greatly different from KBOs and Centaurs, so we conclude that Nereid
is likely a nearly-ejected inner Neptunian moon rather than a captured KBO.


title: Algebraic Connectivity and Degree Sequences of Trees

abstract:
  We investigate the structure of trees that have minimal algebraic
connectivity among all trees with a given degree sequence. We show that such
trees are caterpillars and that the vertex degrees are non-decreasing on every
path on non-pendant vertices starting at the characteristic set of the Fiedler
vector.


title: Note on Chern-Simons Term Correction to Holographic Entanglement Entropy

abstract:
  From the perspective of AdS/CFT correspondence, we study the gravitational
Chern-Simons term correction to the holographic entanglement entropy of CFT on
the conformal boundary of asymptotically AdS$_3$ spacetime using the off-shell
Euclidean path integral method. We show that, like the BTZ black hole entropy,
the holographic entanglement entropy is indeed modified due to the
gravitational Chern-Simons term although the bulk geometry does not change.


title: Spatial motion of the Magellanic Clouds. Tidal models ruled out?

abstract:
  Recently, Kallivayalil et al. derived new values of the proper motion for the
Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively). The spatial
velocities of both Clouds are unexpectedly higher than their previous values
resulting from agreement between the available theoretical models of the
Magellanic System and the observations of neutral hydrogen (HI) associated with
the LMC and the SMC. Such proper motion estimates are likely to be at odds with
the scenarios for creation of the large-scale structures in the Magellanic
System suggested so far. We investigated this hypothesis for the pure tidal
models, as they were the first ones devised to explain the evolution of the
Magellanic System, and the tidal stripping is intrinsically involved in every
model assuming the gravitational interaction. The parameter space for the Milky
Way (MW)-LMC-SMC interaction was analyzed by a robust search algorithm (genetic
algorithm) combined with a fast restricted N-body model of the interaction. Our
method extended the known variety of evolutionary scenarios satisfying the
observed kinematics and morphology of the Magellanic large-scale structures.
Nevertheless, assuming the tidal interaction, no satisfactory reproduction of
the HI data available for the Magellanic Clouds was achieved with the new
proper motions. We conclude that for the proper motion data by Kallivayalil et
al., within their 1-sigma errors, the dynamical evolution of the Magellanic
System with the currently accepted total mass of the MW cannot be explained in
the framework of pure tidal models. The optimal value for the western component
of the LMC proper motion was found to be pm_w(LMC) > -1.3 mas/yr in case of
tidal models. It corresponds to the reduction of the Kallivayalil et al. value
for pm_w(LMC) by approx. 40% in its magnitude.


title:
Mass and Hot Baryons in Massive Galaxy Clusters from Subaru Weak Lensing
  and AMiBA SZE Observations

abstract:
  We present a multiwavelength analysis of a sample of four hot (T_X>8keV)
X-ray galaxy clusters (A1689, A2261, A2142, and A2390) using joint AMiBA
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) and Subaru weak lensing observations, combined
with published X-ray temperatures, to examine the distribution of mass and the
intracluster medium (ICM) in massive cluster environments. Our observations
show that A2261 is very similar to A1689 in terms of lensing properties. Many
tangential arcs are visible around A2261, with an effective Einstein radius
\sim 40 arcsec (at z \sim 1.5), which when combined with our weak lensing
measurements implies a mass profile well fitted by an NFW model with a high
concentration c_{vir} \sim 10, similar to A1689 and to other massive clusters.
The cluster A2142 shows complex mass substructure, and displays a shallower
profile (c_{vir} \sim 5), consistent with detailed X-ray observations which
imply recent interaction. The AMiBA map of A2142 exhibits an SZE feature
associated with mass substructure lying ahead of the sharp north-west edge of
the X-ray core suggesting a pressure increase in the ICM. For A2390 we obtain
highly elliptical mass and ICM distributions at all radii, consistent with
other X-ray and strong lensing work. Our cluster gas fraction measurements,
free from the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption, are overall in good agreement
with published X-ray and SZE observations, with the sample-averaged gas
fraction of <f_{gas}> = 0.133 \pm 0.027, for our sample <M_{vir}> = (1.2 \pm
0.1) \times 10^{15} M_{sun} h^{-1}. When compared to the cosmic baryon fraction
f_b = \Omega_b/\Omega_m constrained by the WMAP 5-year data, this indicates
<f_{gas}>/f_b = 0.78 \pm 0.16, i.e., (22 \pm 16)% of the baryons are missing
from the hot phase of clusters.


title: Photoconductive gain in semiconductor quantum wires

abstract:
  We report on a photoconductive gain in semiconductor quantum wires which are
lithographically defined in an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well via a shallow-etch
technique. The effect allows resolving the one-dimensional subbands of the
quantum wires as maxima in the photoresponse across the quantum wires. We
interpret the results by optically induced holes in the valence band of the
quantum well which shift the one-dimensional subbands of the quantum wire. Here
we demonstrate that the effect persists up to a temperature of about 17 Kelvin.


title:
The large CP phase in B(s)-anti-B(s) mixing from primary scalar
  unparticles

abstract:
  In this letter we consider the case of primary scalar unparticle
contributions to B(d,s) mixing. With particular emphasis on the impact of the
recent hint of new physics in the measurement of the B(s) mixing phase, phi(s),
we determine the allowed parameter space and impose bounds on the unparticle
couplings.


title: Zero-class admissibility of observation operators

abstract:
  An admissible observation operator is zero-class admissible if the norm of
the output map tends to zero as the time tends to zero. Sufficient and
necessary conditions for zero-class admissibility of observation operators are
developed and a modified Weiss condition is studied. It is shown that the
modified Weiss condition is in general necessary, but not sufficient for
zero-class admissibility. For several important classes of C_0-semigroups it is
proved that the modified Weiss condition is indeed equivalent to zero-class
admissibility. The methods are illustrated by certain PDE examples.


title:
Enhancement of Superfluid Stiffness, Suppression of Superconducting T_c
  and Field-induced Magnetism in the Pnictide Superconductor LiFeAs

abstract:
  Transverse-field muon-spin rotation measurements performed on two samples of
LiFeAs demonstrate that the superfluid stiffness of the superconducting
condensate in relation to its superconducting transition temperature is
enhanced compared to other pnictide superconductors. Evidence is seen for a
field-induced magnetic state in a sample with a significantly suppressed
superconducting transition temperature. The results in this system highlight
the role of direct Fe-Fe interactions in frustrating pairing mediated by
antiferromagnetic fluctuations and suggest that, in common with other pnictide
superconductors, the system is close to a magnetic instability.


title: Equispectrality and Transplantation

abstract:
  We present a technique novel in numerical methods. It compiles the domain of
the numerical methods as a discretized volume. Congruent elements are glued
together to compile the domain over which the solution of a boundary value
problem of a linear operator is sought. We associate a group and a graph to
that volume. When the group is symmetry of the boundary value problem under
investigation, one can specify the structure of the solution, and find out if
there are equispectral volumes of a given type. We show that similarity of the
so called auxiliary matrices is sufficient and necessary for two discretized
volumes to be equispectral. A simple example demonstrates the feasibility of
the suggested method.


title: Infinity-harmonic maps and morphisms

abstract:
  We propose a new notion called \emph{infinity-harmonic maps}between
Riemannain manifolds. These are natural generalizations of the well known
notion of infinity harmonic functions and are also the limiting case of $p$%
-harmonic maps as $p\to \infty $.
  Infinity harmoncity appears in many familiar contexts. For example, metric
projection onto the orbit of an isometric group action from a tubular
neighborhood is infinity harmonic.
  Unfortunately, infinity-harmonicity is not preserved under composition. Those
infinity harmonic maps that always preserve infinity harmonicity under pull
back are called infinity harmonic morphisms. We show that infinity harmonic
morphisms are precisely horizontally homothetic mas.
  Many example of infinity-harmonic maps are given, including some very
important and well-known classes of maps between Riemannian manifolds.


title: A formula for the minimal coordination number of a parallel bundle

abstract:
  An exact formula for the minimal coordination numbers of the parallel packed
bundle of rods is presented based on an optimal thickening scenario. Hexagonal
and square lattices are considered.


title:
Constrained optimization of sequentially generated entangled multiqubit
  states

abstract:
  We demonstrate how the matrix-product state formalism provides a flexible
structure to solve the constrained optimization problem associated with the
sequential generation of entangled multiqubit states under experimental
restrictions. We consider a realistic scenario in which an ancillary system
with a limited number of levels performs restricted sequential interactions
with qubits in a row. The proposed method relies on a suitable local
optimization procedure, yielding an efficient recipe for the realistic and
approximate sequential generation of any entangled multiqubit state. We give
paradigmatic examples that may be of interest for theoretical and experimental
developments.


title:
Auto-oscillation threshold, narrow spectral lines, and line jitter in
  spin-torque oscillators based on MgO magnetic tunnel junctions

abstract:
  We demonstrate spin torque induced auto-oscillation in MgO-based magnetic
tunnel junctions. At the generation threshold, we observe a strong line
narrowing down to 6 MHz at 300K and a dramatic increase in oscillator power,
yielding spectrally pure oscillations free of flicker noise. Setting the
synthetic antiferromagnet into autooscillation requires the same current
polarity as the one needed to switch the free layer magnetization. The induced
auto-oscillations are observed even at zero applied field, which is believed to
be the acoustic mode of the synthetic antiferromagnet. While the phase
coherence of the auto-oscillation is of the order of microseconds, the power
autocorrelation time is of the order of milliseconds and can be strongly
influenced by the free layer dynamics.


title: Vector Fields and Flows on Differentiable Stacks

abstract:
  This paper introduces the notions of vector field and flow on a general
differentiable stack. Our main theorem states that the flow of a vector field
on a compact proper differentiable stack exists and is unique up to a uniquely
determined 2-cell. This extends the usual result on the existence and
uniqueness of flows on a manifold as well as the author's existing results for
orbifolds. It sets the scene for a discussion of Morse Theory on a general
proper stack and also paves the way for the categorification of other key
aspects of differential geometry such as the tangent bundle and the Lie algebra
of vector fields.


title:
Photon-counting optical coherence-domain reflectometry using
  superconducting single-photon detectors

abstract:
  We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain
imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to
increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In
particular, we experimentally demonstrate the possibility of using
superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for optical coherence-domain
reflectometry (OCDR). These detectors are sensitive over the full spectral
range that is useful for carrying out such imaging in biological samples. With
counting rates as high as 100 MHz, SSPDs also offer a high rate of data
acquisition if the light flux is sufficient.


title: Quantum K-theory of Grassmannians

abstract:
  We show that (equivariant) K-theoretic 3-point Gromov-Witten invariants of
genus zero on a Grassmann variety are equal to triple intersections computed in
the ordinary (equivariant) K-theory of a two-step flag manifold, thus
generalizing an earlier result of Buch, Kresch, and Tamvakis. In the process we
show that the Gromov-Witten variety of curves passing through 3 general points
is irreducible and rational. Our applications include Pieri and Giambelli
formulas for the quantum K-theory ring of a Grassmannian, which determine the
multiplication in this ring. Our formula for Gromov-Witten invariants can be
partially generalized to cominuscule homogeneous spaces by using a construction
of Chaput, Manivel, and Perrin.


title:
Why does the Standard Model fail to explain the elementary particles
  structure?

abstract:
  It is shown, that our contemporary knowledge of geometry is insufficient,
because we know only axiomatizable geometries. With such a knowledge of
geometry one cannot investigate properly physics of microcosm and structure of
elementary particles. One can obtain only a phenomenological systematics of
elementary particles, whose construction does not need a discrimination
mechanism. The discrimination mechanism, responsible for discrete
characteristics of elementary particles, can be created only on the basis of a
granular (discrete and continuous simultaneously) space-time geometry.


title: Von Neumann-Lueders projection, and its applicability to EPR experiments

abstract:
  Notwithstanding it is well known that von Neumann's projection postulate is
inapplicable to most realistic measurement procedures, it keeps haunting the
foundations of quantum mechanics. In particular its applicability to EPR
experiments is often assumed. In the present contribution this problem is
considered from the point of view of a quantum mechanical theory of
measurement, allowing a treatment of projection in EPR experiments as a special
case of conditional preparation. The conditions are spelled out under which the
postulate may be applicable.


title:
The mapping class group of a punctured surface is generated by three
  elements

abstract:
  Let $\Sigma_{g,p}$ be a closed oriented surface of genus $g\geq 1$ with $p$
punctures. Let $\rm Mod(\Sigma_{\textit{g,p}})$ be the mapping class group of
$\Sigma_{g,p}$. Wajnryb proved in [Wa] that for $p=0, 1$ $\rm
Mod({\Sigma_{\textit{g,p}}})$ is generated by two elements. Korkmaz proved in
[Ko] that one of these generators can be taken as a Dehn twist. For $p\geq 2$,
We proved that $\rm Mod(\Sigma_{\textit{g,p}})$ is generated by three elements.


title: Probabilistic observables, conditional correlations, and quantum physics

abstract:
  We discuss the classical statistics of isolated subsystems. Only a small part
of the information contained in the classical probability distribution for the
subsystem and its environment is available for the description of the isolated
subsystem. The "coarse graining of the information" to micro-states implies
probabilistic observables. For two-level probabilistic observables only a
probability for finding the values one or minus one can be given for any
micro-state, while such observables can be realized as classical observables
with sharp values on a substate level. For a continuous family of micro-states
parameterized by a sphere all the quantum mechanical laws for a two-state
system follow under the assumption that the purity of the ensemble is conserved
by the time evolution. The non-commutative correlation functions of quantum
mechanics correspond to the use of conditional correlation functions in
classical statistics. We further discuss the classical statistical realization
of entanglement within a system corresponding to four-state quantum mechanics.
We conclude that quantum mechanics can be derived from a classical statistical
setting with infinitely many micro-states.


title:
Synthesis, structural and transport properties of the hole-doped
  Superconductor Pr_{1-x}Sr_xFeAsO

abstract:
  Superconductivity was achieved in PrFeAsO by partially substituting Pr^{3+}
with Sr^{2+}. The electrical transport properties and structure of this new
superconductor Pr_{1-x}Sr_xFeAsO at different doping levels (x = 0.05$\sim$
0.25) were investigated systematically. It was found that the lattice constants
(a-axis and c-axis) increase monotonously with Sr or hole concentration. The
superconducting transition temperature at about 16.3 K (95% $\rho_n$) was
observed around the doping level of 0.20$\sim$ 0.25. A detailed investigation
was carried out in the sample with doping level of x = 0.25. The domination of
hole-like charge carriers in this material was confirmed by Hall effect
measurements. The magnetoresistance (MR) behavior can be well described by a
simple two-band model. The upper critical field of the sample with T_c = 16.3 K
(x = 0.25) was estimated to be beyond 45 Tesla. Our results suggest that the
hole-doped samples may have higher upper critical fields comparing to the
electron-doped ones, due to the higher quasi-particle density of states at the
Fermi level.


title: NNLO corrections to B --> X_u l nu in the shape-function region

abstract:
  The inclusive decay B --> X_u l nu is of much interest because of its
potential to constrain the CKM element |V_ub|. Experimental cuts required to
suppress charm background restrict measurements of this decay to the
shape-function region, where the hadronic final state carries a large energy
but only a moderate invariant mass. In this kinematic region, the differential
decay distributions satisfy a factorization formula of the form $H \cdot J
\otimes S$, where S is the non-perturbative shape function, and the object $H
\cdot J$ is a perturbatively calculable hard-scattering kernel. In this paper
we present the calculation of the hard function H at next-to-next-to-leading
order (NNLO) in perturbation theory. Combined with the known NNLO result for
the jet function J, this completes the perturbative part of the NNLO
calculation for this process.


title:
Hadronic versus leptonic origin of the gamma-ray emission from Supernova
  Remnant RX J1713.7-3946

abstract:
  Aims. The hadronic vs. leptonic origin of the gamma-ray emission from the
Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946 is discussed both in the light of new
observations and from a theoretical point of view.
  Methods. The existing good spatial correlation of the gamma-ray emission and
the nonthermal X-ray emission is analyzed theoretically. In addition, the
recently published new H.E.S.S. observations define the energy spectrum more
precisely, in particular at the high and low energy ends of the instrument's
dynamical range. There now exist much more constraining X-ray observations from
Suzaku that extend substantially beyond 10 keV. These new data are compared
with the authors' previous theoretical predictions, both for dominant hadronic
and for simple inverse Compton models.
  Results. Apart from the well-known MHD correlation between magnetic field
strength and plasma density variations, emphasized by the wind-bubble-structure
of the remnant, it is argued that the regions of magnetic field amplification
also are correlated with enhanced densities of accelerated nuclear particles
and the associated streaming instabilities. Therefore a correlation of
nonthermal X-ray and \gr emission is not only possible but even to be expected
for a hadronic emission scenario. A leptonic origin of the gamma-ray emission
would require an implausibly uniform strength of the magnetic field. The
observational and theoretical inferences about substantial field amplification
in this remnant agree very well with the recent X-ray and \gr observations.
  Conclusions. All this argues strongly for the dominance of hadronic \grs in
the \gr emission spectrum and a fortiori for an overwhelming contribution of
nuclear cosmic ray particles to the nonthermal energy in this remnant.


title: Current experimental constraints on NMSSM with large lambda

abstract:
  The next-to-minimal supersymmetric model (NMSSM) with a large lambda (the
mixing parameter between the singlet and doublet Higgs fields) is well
motivated since it can significantly push up the upper bound on the SM-like
Higgs boson mass to solve the little hierarchy problem. In this work we examine
the current experimental constraints on the NMSSM with a large lambda, which
include the direct search for Higgs boson and sparticles at colliders, the
indirect constraints from precision electroweak measurements, the cosmic dark
matter relic density, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, as well as the
stability of the Higgs potential. We find that, with the increase of lambda,
parameters like tan-beta, M_A, mu and M_2 are becoming more stringently
constrained. It turns out that the maximal reach of lambda is limited by the
muon anomalous magnetic moment, and for smuon masses of 200 GeV (500 GeV) the
parameter space with lambda > 1.5 (0.6) is excluded.


title:
Reply to Flambaum Commentary [arXiv:0808.2518] on Black Hole Constraints
  on Varying Fundamental Constants [arXiv:0706.2188, PRL 99, 061301 (2007)]

abstract:
  We discuss the Flambaum commentary [arXiv:0808.2518] on the application of
the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics to derive limits on the variation
of fundamental constants, for example the fine structure constant.


title: Cavity approach to the spectral density of non-Hermitian sparse matrices

abstract:
  The spectral densities of ensembles of non-Hermitian sparse random matrices
are analysed using the cavity method. We present a set of equations from which
the spectral density of a given ensemble can be efficiently and exactly
calculated. Within this approach, the generalised Girko's law is recovered
easily. We compare our results with direct diagonalisation for a number of
random matrix ensembles, finding excellent agreement.


title:
Golem95: a numerical program to calculate one-loop tensor integrals with
  up to six external legs

abstract:
  We present a program for the numerical evaluation of form factors entering
the calculation of one-loop amplitudes with up to six external legs. The
program is written in Fortran95 and performs the reduction to a certain set of
basis integrals numerically, using a formalism where inverse Gram determinants
can be avoided. It can be used to calculate one-loop amplitudes with massless
internal particles in a fast and numerically stable way.


title: IAU Planet Definition: Some Confusions and Their Modifications

abstract:
  International Astronomical Union (IAU) has passed the must needed definition
of planet in its general assembly held in Prague during August 2006. The
definition had to be passed by means of voting. A group of scientists who
raised the banner of revolt against the IAU definition has pointed out that the
IAU has failed to give an acceptable definition regarding a planet. A brief
description of the serious objections found in the definition of planet has
been discussed here. In this paper an attempt has also been made to give a new
definition of a planet by introducing some modifications to the IAU definition.


title:
Proof of projective Lichnerowicz conjecture for pseudo-Riemannian
  metrics with degree of mobility greater than two

abstract:
  We prove an important partial case of the pseudo-Riemannian version of the
projective Lichnerowicz conjecture stating that a complete manifold admitting
an essential group of projective transformations is the round sphere (up to a
finite cover).


title:
External noise effects on the electron velocity fluctuations in
  semiconductors

abstract:
  We investigate the modification of the intrinsic carrier noise spectral
density induced in low-doped semiconductor materials by an external correlated
noise source added to the driving high-frequency periodic electric field. A
Monte Carlo approach is adopted to numerically solve the transport equation by
considering all the possible scattering phenomena of the hot electrons in the
medium. We show that the noise spectra are strongly affected by the intensity
and the correlation time of the external random electric field. Moreover this
random field can cause a suppression of the total noise power.


title: Theory of Supersolids beyond Mean-Field

abstract:
  We investigate the newly discovered supersolid phase by solving in random
phase approximation the anisotropic Heisenberg model of the hard-core boson
${}^4$He lattice. We include nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions and
calculate exactly all pair correlation functions in a cumulant expansion
scheme. We describe the properties of the normal solid and supersolid phases
and argue that based on analogies to the fermionic half filled extended Hubbard
model the supersolid state corresponds to a bond-ordered-wave.


title: On the definitions of the gamma*N -> N* helicity amplitudes

abstract:
  We present definitions and formulas that may be useful for a consistent
computation of helicity amplitudes for the process gamma* N -> N* in
theoretical approaches. Of particular importance is the correct determination
of the common sign of the amplitudes and of the relative sign between the
transverse (A12,A32) and longitudinal (S12) amplitudes. This clarification is
necessary to clear up confusions present in theoretical works. Using the
definitions presented in this paper will enable a direct comparison with
amplitudes extracted from experimental data.


title:
Two-Photon Polarization Interference for Pulsed SPDC in a PPKTP
  Waveguide

abstract:
  We study the spectral properties of Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion in
a periodically poled waveguided structure of KTP crystal pumped by ultra-short
pulses. Our theoretical analysis reveals a strongly multimode and asymmetric
structure of the two-photon spectral amplitude for type-II SPDC. Experimental
evidence, based on Hong-Ou-Mandel polarization interference with narrowband
filtering, confirms this result.


title:
Hamiltonian systems admitting a Runge-Lenz vector and an optimal
  extension of Bertrand's theorem to curved manifolds

abstract:
  Bertrand's theorem asserts that any spherically symmetric natural Hamiltonian
system in Euclidean 3-space which possesses stable circular orbits and whose
bounded trajectories are all periodic is either a harmonic oscillator or a
Kepler system. In this paper we extend this classical result to curved spaces
by proving that any Hamiltonian on a spherically symmetric Riemannian
3-manifold which satisfies the same conditions as in Bertrand's theorem is
superintegrable and given by an intrinsic oscillator or Kepler system. As a
byproduct we obtain a wide panoply of new superintegrable Hamiltonian systems.
The demonstration relies on Perlick's classification of Bertrand spacetimes and
on the construction of a suitable, globally defined generalization of the
Runge-Lenz vector.


title:
Search for SM Higgs Boson Produced in Association with a Z/W Boson in
  events with MET and b-jets

abstract:
  We present a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in
association with a Z or a W boson, using data collected with the CDF II
detector at the Tevatron accelerator. A scenario where the Z decays into
neutrinos or leptons originating from the W-decay escape detection and the
Higgs decays into a $b\overline{b}$ pair is considered. Therefore the expected
signature is large missing transverse energy ($\etmiss$), no isolated leptons,
and two b-jets. We present the preliminary results in this search using
2.1$fb^{-1}$ of data collected by CDF.


title:
Light localization induced enhancement of third order nonlinearities in
  a GaAs photonic crystal waveguide

abstract:
  Nonlinear propagation experiments in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides (PCW)
were performed, which exhibit a large enhancement of third order
nonlinearities, due to light propagation in a slow mode regime, such as
two-photon absorption (TPA), optical Kerr effect and refractive index changes
due to TPA generated free-carriers. A theoretical model has been established
that shows very good quantitative agreement with experimental data and
demonstrates the important role that group velocity plays. These observations
give a strong insight into the use of PCWs for optical switching devices.


title: Scaling Limits of Two-Dimensional Percolation: an Overview

abstract:
  We present a review of the recent progress on percolation scaling limits in
two dimensions. In particular, we will consider the convergence of critical
crossing probabilities to Cardy's formula and of the critical exploration path
to chordal SLE(6), the full scaling limit of critical cluster boundaries, and
near-critical scaling limits.

categories: math.PR cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP


title:
Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of
  Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars

abstract:
  We present Spitzer photometric (IRAC and MIPS) and spectroscopic (IRS low
resolution) observations for 314 stars in the Formation and Evolution of
Planetary Systems (FEPS) Legacy program. These data are used to investigate the
properties and evolution of circumstellar dust around solar-type stars spanning
ages from approximately 3 Myr to 3 Gyr. We identify 46 sources that exhibit
excess infrared emission above the stellar photosphere at 24um, and 21 sources
with excesses at 70um. Five sources with an infrared excess have
characteristics of optically thick primordial disks, while the remaining
sources have properties akin to debris systems. The fraction of systems
exhibiting a 24um excess greater than 10.2% above the photosphere is 15% for
ages < 300 Myr and declines to 2.7% for older ages. The upper envelope to the
70um fractional luminosity appears to decline over a similar age range. The
characteristic temperature of the debris inferred from the IRS spectra range
between 60 and 180 K, with evidence for the presence of cooler dust to account
for the strength of the 70um excess emission. No strong correlation is found
between dust temperature and stellar age. Comparison of the observational data
with disk models containing a power-law distribution of silicate grains suggest
that the typical inner disk radius is > 10 AU. Although the interpretation is
not unique, the lack of excess emission shortwards of 16um and the relatively
flat distribution of the 24um excess for ages <300~Myr is consistent with
steady-state collisional models.


title:
On asymptotic normality of sequential LS-estimates of unstable
  autoregressive processes

abstract:
  For estimating the unknown parameters in an unstable autoregressive AR(p),
the paper proposes sequential least squares estimates with a special stopping
time defined by the trace of the observed Fisher information matrix. The
limiting distribution of the sequential LSE is shown to be normal for the
parameter vector lying both inside the stability region and on some part of its
boundary in contrast to the ordinary LSE. The asymptotic normality of the
sequential LSE is provided by a new property of the observed Fisher information
matrix which holds both inside the stability region of AR(p) process and on the
part of its boundary. The asymptotic distribution of the stopping time is
derived.


title: Brane-induced Skyrmion on S^3: baryonic matter in holographic QCD

abstract:
  We study baryonic matter in holographic QCD with D4/D8/\bar{D8} multi-D brane
system in type IIA superstring theory. The baryon is described as the
"brane-induced Skyrmion", which is a topologically non-trivial chiral soliton
in the four-dimensional meson effective action induced by holographic QCD. We
employ the "truncated-resonance model" approach for the baryon analysis,
including pion and \rho meson fields below the ultraviolet cutoff scale M_KK
\sim 1GeV, to keep the holographic duality with QCD. We describe the baryonic
matter in large N_c as single brane-induced Skyrmion on the three-dimensional
closed manifold S^3 with finite radius R. The interactions between baryons are
simulated by the curvature of the closed manifold S^3, and the decrease of the
size of S^3 represents the increase of the total baryon-number density in the
medium in this modeling. We investigate the energy density, the field
configuration, the mass and the root-mean-square radius of single baryon on S^3
as the function of its radius R. We find a new picture of "pion dominance" near
the critical density in the baryonic matter, where all the (axial) vector meson
fields disappear and only the pion field survive. We also find the "swelling"
phenomena of the baryons as the precursor of the deconfinement, and propose the
mechanism of the swelling in general context of QCD. The properties of the
deconfinement and the chiral symmetry restoration in the baryonic matter are
examined by taking the proper order parameters. We also compare our
truncated-resonance model with another "instanton" description of the baryon in
holographic QCD, considering the role of cutoff scale M_KK.


title: Localization on quantum graphs with random edge lengths

abstract:
  The spectral properties of the Laplacian on a class of quantum graphs with
random metric structure are studied. Namely, we consider quantum graphs spanned
by the simple $\ZZ^d$-lattice with $\delta$-type boundary conditions at the
vertices, and we assume that the edge lengths are randomly independently
identically distributed. Under the assumption that the coupling constant at the
vertices does not vanish, we show that the operator exhibits the Anderson
localization at the bottom of the spectrum almost surely. We also study the
case of other spectral edges.


title: Lee-Yang Problems and The Geometry of Multivariate Polynomials

abstract:
  We describe all linear operators on spaces of multivariate polynomials
preserving the property of being non-vanishing in open circular domains. This
completes the multivariate generalization of the classification program
initiated by P\'olya-Schur for univariate real polynomials and provides a
natural framework for dealing in a uniform way with Lee-Yang type problems in
statistical mechanics, combinatorics, and geometric function theory.
  This is an announcement with some of the main results in arXiv:0809.0401 and
arXiv:0809.3087.

categories: math.CV cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.CO math.MP


title:
A tight-binding potential for atomistic simulations of carbon
  interacting with transition metals: Application to the Ni-C system

abstract:
  We present a tight-binding potential for transition metals, carbon, and
transition metal carbides, which has been optimized through a systematic
fitting procedure. A minimal basis, including the s, p electrons of carbon and
the d electrons of the transition metal, is used to obtain a transferable
tight-binding model of the carbon-carbon, metal-metal and metal-carbon
interactions applicable to binary systems. The Ni-C system is more specifically
discussed. The successful validation of the potential for different atomic
configurations indicates a good transferability of the model and makes it a
good choice for atomistic simulations sampling a large configuration space.
This approach appears to be very efficient to describe interactions in systems
containing carbon and transition metal elements.


title: Effective action and Schwinger-DeWitt technique in DGP brane models

abstract:
  We give blueprints of the Schwinger-DeWitt technique for the covariant
curvature expansion of quantum effective action for the DGP type models in
curved spacetime.


title: On theta functions of order four

abstract:
  We prove that the fourth powers of theta functions with even characteristics
form a basis of the space of even theta functions of order four on a
principally polarized Abelian variety without vanishing theta-null.


title:
Orbit measures, random matrix theory and interlaced determinantal
  processes

abstract:
  A connection between representation of compact groups and some invariant
ensembles of Hermitian matrices is described. We focus on two types of
invariant ensembles which extend the Gaussian and the Laguerre Unitary
ensembles. We study them using projections and convolutions of invariant
probability measures on adjoint orbits of a compact Lie group. These measures
are described by semiclassical approximation involving tensor and restriction
mulltiplicities. We show that a large class of them are determinantal.


title: Hyperdeterminantal computation for the Laughlin wave function

abstract:
  The decomposition of the Laughlin wave function in the Slater orthogonal
basis appears in the discussion on the second-quantized form of the Laughlin
states and is straightforwardly equivalent to the decomposition of the even
powers of the Vandermonde determinants in the Schur basis. Such a computation
is notoriously difficult and the coefficients of the expansion have not yet
been interpreted. In our paper, we give an expression of these coefficients in
terms of hyperdeterminants of sparse tensors. We use this result to construct
an algorithm allowing to compute one coefficient of the development without
computing the others. Thanks to a program in {\tt C}, we performed the
calculation for the square of the Vandermonde up to an alphabet of eleven
lettres.


title:
Local existence and exponential growth for a semilinear damped wave
  equation with dynamic boundary conditions

abstract:
  In this paper we consider a multi-dimensional damped semiliear wave equation
with dynamic boundary conditions, related to the Kelvin-Voigt damping. We
firstly prove the local existence by using the Faedo-Galerkin approximations
combined with a contraction mapping theorem. Secondly, the exponential growth
of the energy and the $L^p$ norm of the solution is presented.


title:
Full Configuration Study of Light No-Core Nuclei with Novel Realistic NN
  Interaction JISP16

abstract:
  We introduce the no-core full configuration (NCFC) approach and present
results for $^4$He, $^{12}$C and $^{14}$F with the realistic NN interaction,
JISP16. We obtain ground state energies and their uncertainties through
exponential extrapolations that we demonstrate are reliable in $^4$He where
fully converged results are obtained. We find $^{12}$C is overbound by 1.7 MeV
and we predict the yet-to-be-measured binding energy of $^{14}$F to be $70.2\pm
3.5$ MeV. The extrapolated spectrum of $^{14}$F is in reasonable agreement with
known features of the $^{14}$B spectrum.


title:
AMiBA Observations, Data Analysis and Results for Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
  Effects

abstract:
  We present observations, analysis and results for the first-year operation of
AMiBA, an interferometric experiment designed to study cosmology via the
measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). AMiBA is the first CMB
interferometer operating at 3 mm to have reported successful results, currently
with seven close-packed antennas of 60-cm diameter giving a synthesized
resolution of around 6'. During 2007 AMiBA detected the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
effects (SZE) of six galaxy clusters at redshift 0.091 <= z <= 0.322. An
observing strategy with on-off-source switching is used to minimize the effects
from electronic offset and ground pickup. Planets were used to test the
observational capability of AMiBA and to calibrate the conversion from
correlator time-lag data to visibilities. The detailed formalism for data
analysis is given. We summarize our early tests including observations of
planets and quasars, and present images, visibility profiles, the estimated
central coordinates, sizes, and SZE amplitudes of the galaxy clusters. Science
results are summarized. We also discuss possible systematic effects in the
results.


title: Flavor Violation Tests of Warped/Composite SM in the Two-Site Approach

abstract:
  We study flavor violation in the quark sector in a purely 4D, two-site
effective field theory description of the Standard Model and just their first
Kaluza-Klein excitations from a warped extra dimension. The warped 5D framework
can provide solutions to both the Planck-weak and flavor hierarchies of the SM.
It is also related (via the AdS/CFT correspondence) to partial compositeness of
the SM. We focus on the dominant contributions in the two-site model to two
observables which we argue provide the strongest flavor constraints, namely,
epsilon_K and BR(b -> s gamma), where contributions in the two-site model occur
at tree and loop-level, respectively. In particular, we demonstrate that a
"tension" exists between these two observables in the sense that they have
opposite dependence on composite site Yukawa couplings, making it difficult to
decouple flavor-violating effects using this parameter. We choose the size of
the composite site QCD coupling based on the relation of the two-site model to
the 5D model (addressing the Planck-weak hierarchy), where we match the 5D QCD
coupling to the 4D coupling at the loop-level and assuming negligible
tree-level brane-localized kinetic terms. We estimate that a larger size of the
5D gauge coupling is constrained by the requirement of 5D perturbativity. We
find that \sim O(5) TeV mass scale for the new particles in the two-site model
can then be consistent with both observables. We also compare our analysis of
epsilon_K in the two-site model to that in 5D models, including both the cases
of a brane-localized and bulk Higgs.


title: On linear resolution of powers of an ideal

abstract:
  In this paper we give a generalization of a result of Herzog, Hibi, and Zheng
providing an upper bound for regularity of powers of an ideal. As the main
result of the paper, we give a simple criterion in terms of Rees algebra of a
given ideal to show that high enough powers of this ideal have linear
resolution. We apply the criterion to two important ideals $J,J_{1}$ for which
we show that $J^{k},$ and $J_{1}^{k}$ have linear resolution if and only if
$k\neq 2.$ The procedures we include in this work is encoded in computer
algebra package CoCoA.


title: A simple constant-probability RP reduction from NP to Parity P

abstract:
  The proof of Toda's celebrated theorem that the polynomial hierarchy is
contained in $\P^{# P}$ relies on the fact that, under mild technical
conditions on the complexity class $C$, we have $\exists C \subset BP \cdot
\oplus C$. More concretely, there is a randomized reduction which transforms
nonempty sets and the empty set, respectively, into sets of odd or even size.
The customary method is to invoke Valiant's and Vazirani's randomized reduction
from NP to UP, followed by amplification of the resulting success probability
from $1/\poly(n)$ to a constant by combining the parities of $\poly(n)$ trials.
Here we give a direct algebraic reduction which achieves constant success
probability without the need for amplification. Our reduction is very simple,
and its analysis relies on well-known properties of the Legendre symbol in
finite fields.


title: Classical and Quantum Mechanics via Lie algebras

abstract:
  The goal of this book is to present classical mechanics, quantum mechanics,
and statistical mechanics in an almost completely algebraic setting, thereby
introducing mathematicians, physicists, and engineers to the ideas relating
classical and quantum mechanics with Lie algebras and Lie groups. The book
emphasizes the closeness of classical and quantum mechanics, and the material
is selected in a way to make this closeness as apparent as possible.
  Much of the material covered here is not part of standard textbook treatments
of classical or quantum mechanics (or is only superficially treated there). For
physics students who want to get a broader view of the subject, this book may
therefore serve as a useful complement to standard treatments of quantum
mechanics.
  Almost without exception, this book is about precise concepts and exact
results in classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics.
The structural properties of mechanics are discussed independent of
computational techniques for obtaining quantitatively correct numbers from the
assumptions made. The standard approximation machinery for calculating from
first principles explicit thermodynamic properties of materials, or explicit
cross sections for high energy experiments can be found in many textbooks and
is not repeated here.


title:
The structure and dynamics of a bright point as seen with Hinode, SoHO
  and TRACE

abstract:
  Our aim is to determine the plasma properties of a coronal bright point and
compare its magnetic topology extrapolated from magnetogram data with its
appearance in X-ray images. We analyse spectroscopic data obtained with
EIS/Hinode, Ca II H and G-band images from SOT/Hinode, UV images from TRACE,
X-ray images from XRT/Hinode and high-resolution/high-cadence magnetogram data
from MDI/SoHO. The BP comprises several coronal loops as seen in the X-ray
images, while the chromospheric structure consists of tens of small bright
points as seen in Ca II H. An excellent correlation exists between the Ca II
BPs and increases in the magnetic field, implying that the Ca II H passband is
a good indicator for the concentration of magnetic flux. Doppler velocities
between 6 and 15 km/s are derived from the Fe XII and Fe XIII lines for the BP
region, while for Fe XIV and Si VII they are in the range from -15 to +15 km/s.
The coronal electron density is 3.7x10^9 cm^-3. An excellent correlation is
found between the positive magnetic flux and the X-ray light-curves. The
remarkable agreement between the extrapolated magnetic field configuration and
some of the loops composing the BP as seen in the X-ray images suggests that a
large fraction of the magnetic field in the bright point is close to potential.
The close correlation between the positive magnetic flux and the X-ray emission
suggests that energy released by magnetic reconnection is stimulated by flux
emergence or cancellation.


title: Chiral extrapolation of octet-baryon charge radii

abstract:
  The charge radii of octet-baryons obtained in quenched lattice-QCD
calculations are extrapolated within heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory.
Finite-range regularization (FRR) is applied to improve the convergence of the
chiral expansion and to provide estimates of quenching artifacts. Lattice
values of quark distribution radii and baryon charge radii for $\mpi^2$ in the
range (0.1, 0.7)$\gev^2$ are described very well with FRR. Upon estimating
corrections for both finite-volume and quenching effects, the obtained charge
radii of the proton, neutron and $\Sigma^-$ are in good agreement with
experimental measurements. The predicted charge radii of the remaining
octet-baryons have not yet been measured and present a challenge to future
experiments.


title:
Solutions for a class of fifth-order nonlinear partial differential
  system

abstract:
  In this paper we use the generalized tanh method to obtain exact solutions
for a class of fifth-order nonlinear systems. A particular case is give by the
integrable Mikhailov--Novikov--Wang system (MNW). Periodic and soliton
solutions are formally derived. The mathematica is used.


title: Four-point function in Super Liouville Gravity

abstract:
  We consider the 2D super Liouville gravity coupled to the minimal
superconformal theory. We analyze the physical states in the theory and give
the general form of the n-point correlation numbers on the sphere in terms of
integrals over the moduli space. The three-point correlation numbers are
presented explicitly. For the four-point correlators, we show that the integral
over the moduli space reduces to the boundary terms if one of the fields is
degenerate. It turns out that special logarithmic fields are relevant for
evaluating these boundary terms. We discuss the construction of these fields
and study their operator product expansions. This analysis allows evaluating
the four-point correlation numbers. The derivation is analogous to the one in
the bosonic case and is based on the recently derived higher equations of
motion of the super Liouville field theory.


title: A Spatial Model of Tumor-Host Interaction: Application of Chemotherapy

abstract:
  In this paper we consider chemotherapy in a spatial model of tumor growth.
The model, which is of reaction-diffusion type, takes into account the complex
interactions between the tumor and surrounding stromal cells by including
densities of endothelial cells and the extra-cellular matrix. When no treatment
is applied the model reproduces the typical dynamics of early tumor growth. The
initially avascular tumor reaches a diffusion limited size of the order of
millimeters and initiates angiogenesis through the release of vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by hypoxic cells in the core of the
tumor. This stimulates endothelial cells to migrate towards the tumor and
establishes a nutrient supply sufficient for sustained invasion. To this model
we apply cytostatic treatment in the form of a VEGF-inhibitor, which reduces
the proliferation and chemotaxis of endothelial cells. This treatment has the
capability to reduce tumor mass, but more importantly, we were able to
determine that inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation is the more
important of the two cellular functions targeted by the drug. Further, we
considered the application of a cytotoxic drug that targets proliferating tumor
cells. The drug was treated as a diffusible substance entering the tissue from
the blood vessels. Our results show that depending on the characteristics of
the drug it can either reduce the tumor mass significantly or in fact
accelerate the growth rate of the tumor. This result seems to be due to
complicated interplay between the stromal and tumor cell types and highlights
the importance of considering chemotherapy in a spatial context.


title: More non-Abelian loop Toda solitons

abstract:
  We find new solutions, including soliton-like ones, for a special case of
non-Abelian loop Toda equations associated with complex general linear groups.
We use the method of rational dressing based on an appropriate block-matrix
representation suggested by the Z-gradation under consideration. We present
solutions in a form of a direct matrix generalization of the Hirota's soliton
solution already well-known for the case of Abelian loop Toda systems.


title: High-energy jet quenching in weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasmas

abstract:
  $\hat q$ is the average squared transverse momentum transfer per unit length
to a high-energy particle traversing a QCD medium such as a quark-gluon plasma.
We find the (UV-regulated) value of $\hat q$ to leading order in the weak
coupling limit, $\alphas(T) \ll 1$. We then use this value to generalize
previous analytic results on the gluon bremsstrahlung and pair production rates
for massless high-energy particles in a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma, at
next-to-leading logarithmic order.


title: Testing a possible W and Z structure at the LHC/CERN

abstract:
  One of the first channels to be experimentally analyzed at the LHC is $ p + p
\longrightarrow l^+ + l ^- + X $. A resonance in this channel would be a clear
indication of a new gauge neutral boson, as proposed in many extended models.
In this paper we call attention to the possibility that the new resonance in
this channel could have spin zero. A new high mass spin zero state could be a
strong indication of the composite nature of the standard model particles. We
have made a comparison between spin zero and spin one for the new hypothetical
heavy gauge particle production and decays and we show some distributions that
can easily identify their spins.


title: Power series over generalized Krull domains

abstract:
  We resolve an open problem in commutative algebra and Field Arithmetic, posed
by Jarden -- Let R be a generalized Krull domain. Is the ring R[[X]] of formal
power series over R a generalized Krull domain? We show that the answer is
negative.


title:
Prediction for $\Gamma(H\to \tau^+\tau^-)/ \Gamma(H\to \mu^+\mu^-)$ from
  Non-Abelian Flavor Symmetry

abstract:
  It is shown that the ratio of branching ratios in Higgs boson decay $r =
\Gamma(H \to \tau^+\tau^-)/\Gamma(H\to \mu^+\mu^-)$ in a simplified ($T^{'}
\times Z_2$) model is $(r)_{T^{'} \times Z_2} \simeq 0.001$. This prediction is
on a footing with the successful one in $(s, d)$ mixing, $\tan 2 \Theta_{12} =
{1/3}(\sqrt{2})$. This value for $r$ differs from that of the minimal standard
model by a very large factor (over 250,000) and can provide a smoking gun for
($T^{'} \times Z_2$) flavor symmetry.


title:
Dynamics of small perturbations against a stationary polariton
  distribution

abstract:
  The dynamics of small perturbations against the stationary density matrix of
a pumped polariton system with only one photon polarization is studied.
Depending on the way the system is pumped and probed, decay times ranging from
30 to 5000 ps are found. The large decay times under resonant pumping are
related to a bottleneck effect in the decay of the excess (probe) populations
of dark polariton states. No singular behaviour at the threshold for polariton
lasing is observed.


title:
On A New Formulation of Micro-phenomena: Basic Principles, Stationary
  Fields And Beyond

abstract:
  In a series of essays, beginning with this article, we are going to develop a
new formulation of micro-phenomena based on the principles of reality and
causality. The new theory provides with us a new depiction of micro-phenomena
assuming an unified concept of information, matter and energy. So, we suppose
that in a definite micro-physical context (including other interacting
particles), each particle is enfolded by a probability field whose existence is
contingent upon the existence of the particle, but it can locally affect the
physical status of the particle in a context-dependent manner. The dynamics of
the whole particle-field system obeys deterministic equations in a manner that
when the particle is subjected to a conservative force, the field also
experiences a conservative complex force which its form is determined by the
dynamics of particle. So, the field is endowed with a given amount of energy,
but its value is contingent upon the physical conditions the particle is
subjected to. Based on the energy balance of the particle and its associated
field, we argue why the field has a probabilistic objective nature. In such a
way, the basic elements of this new formulation, its application for some
stationary states and its nonlinear generalization for conservative systems are
discussed here.


title: Time delay for dispersive systems in quantum scattering theory

abstract:
  We consider time delay and symmetrised time delay (defined in terms of
sojourn times) for quantum scattering pairs $\{H_0=h(P),H\}$, where $h(P)$ a
dispersive operator of hypoelliptic-type. For instance $h(P)$ can be one of the
usual elliptic operators such as the Schr\"odinger operator $h(P)=P^2$ or the
square-root Klein-Gordon operator $h(P)=\sqrt{1+P^2}$. We show under general
conditions that the symmetrised time delay exists for all smooth even
localization functions. It is equal to the Eisenbud-Wigner time delay plus a
contribution due to the non-radial component of the localization function. If
the scattering operator $S$ commutes with some function of the velocity
operator $\nabla h(P)$, then the time delay also exists and is equal to the
symmetrised time delay. As an illustration of our results we consider the case
of a one-dimensionnal Friedrichs Hamiltonian perturbed by a finite rank
potential.
  Our study put into evidence an integral formula relating the operator of
differentiation with respect to the kinetic energy $h(P)$ to the time evolution
of localization operators.


title:
On A New Formulation of Micro-phenomena: Quantum Paradoxes And the
  Measurement Problem

abstract:
  As a serious attempt for constructing a new foundation for describing
micro-incidents from a local causal standpoint, I explained before that each
micro-entity can be assumed to be composed of a probability field joined to a
particle (called a particle-field or PF system) which is endowed with energy,
having an objective character. In this essay, some odd quantum phenomena
including the tunneling effect, the measurement problem and the EPR theorem are
reexamined in detail from the standpoint of the new theory.


title: On A New Formulation of Micro-phenomena: The Double-slit Experiment

abstract:
  Based on the novel view that a micro-entity could be considered as a particle
associated with a field partaking of the energy of particle which are both
described by deterministic causal equations of motion, we examine the success
of our new theory in elucidating the underlying physics of the double-slit
experiment. Here, we explain with clear details how each micro-particle
scatters from one of the slits at a given time. After the scattering through
one of the slits, the particle shares some of its energy with its surrounding
field and a particle-field system is again formed which its motion is governed
by a deterministic dynamics during its flight towards the detecting screen. The
interference pattern is then explained by showing how the final location of
each particle-field system at the time of reaching the detecting screen is
distributed according to an angular distribution (equal to the what quantum
theory predicts for the fringe effects in a two-slit experiment). The
probabilistic nature of such a distribution can be explained by considering the
variations of the kinetic energy of the particle-field system at different
local situations.


title: The proton microquasar

abstract:
  We present a model for high-energy emission in microquasars where the energy
content of the jets is dominated by relativistic protons. We also include a
primary leptonic component. Particles are accelerated up to relativistic
energies in a compact region located near the base of the jet, where most of
the emission is produced. We calculate the production spectrum due to proton
and electron synchrotron radiation and photohadronic interactions. The target
field for proton-photon collisions is provided by the synchrotron radiation in
the acceleration region. In models with a significant leptonic component,
strong internal photon-photon absorption can attenuate the emission spectrum at
high energies. Depending on the values of the parameters, our model predicts
luminosities in the range 10^34-10^37 erg s^-1 up to GeV energies, with a
high-energy tail that can extend up to 10^16 eV. In some cases, however,
absorption effects can completely suppress the emission above 10 GeV, giving
rise to different spectral shapes. These results can be tested in the near
future by observations with instruments like GLAST-Fermi, HESS II and MAGIC II.


title: Memory coherence of a sympathetically cooled trapped-ion qubit

abstract:
  We demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a 43Ca+ trapped-ion "memory" qubit by a
40Ca+ "coolant" ion near the ground state of both axial motional modes, whilst
maintaining coherence of the qubit. This is an essential ingredient in
trapped-ion quantum computers. The isotope shifts are sufficient to suppress
decoherence and phase shifts of the memory qubit due to the cooling light which
illuminates both ions. We measure the qubit coherence during 10 cycles of
sideband cooling, finding a coherence loss of 3.3% per cooling cycle. The
natural limit of the method is O(0.01%) infidelity per cooling cycle.


title:
Joint analysis of solar neutrino and new KamLAND data in the RSFP
  framework

abstract:
  A joint analysis of solar neutrino data together with the new KamLAND data is
presented in the RSFP framework. It is investigated that how the new KamLAND
data effects the allowed regions at different $\mu B$ values. A limit on $\mu
B$ value is found at the different confidence level intervals. It is shown that
the RSFP scenerio does not have a crucial role on the solar neutrino data.


title: A Non-Standard String Embedding of E8

abstract:
  An algorithm to systematically and efficiently generate free fermionic
heterotic string models was recently introduced. This algorithm has been
adopted by the Free Fermionic Model Construction (FFMC) program at Baylor
University. As its first application, the algorithm is being applied to
systematically generate the complete set of free fermionic heterotic string
models with untwisted left-moving (worldsheet supersymmetric) sectors, up to
continually advancing Layer and Order. Statistical analysis of this study will
be reported in the near future. However, in a series of separate notes we will
be reporting some of the more interesting models that appear along the way. In
this, our first such note, we reveal a different string embedding of E8 than is
standard. That is, rather than realize E8 via an SO(16) embedding, 248 = 120 +
128, we realize it via an SU(9) embedding, 248 = 80 + 84 + 84-bar. This is
obtained in a Layer 1, Order 6 model for which modular invariance itself
dictates a gravitino sector accompany the gauge sector.


title:
Environmental Metal Pollution Considered as Noise: Effects on the
  Spatial Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera in two Coastal Marine Areas of
  Sicily (Southern Italy)

abstract:
  We analyze the spatial distributions of two groups of benthic foraminifera
(Adelosina spp. + Quinqueloculina spp. and Elphidium spp.), along Sicilian
coast, and their correlation with six different heavy metals, responsible for
the pollution. Samples were collected inside the Gulf of Palermo, which has a
high level of pollution due to heavy metals, and along the coast of Lampedusa
island (Sicily Channel, Southern Mediterranean), which is characterized by
unpolluted sea waters. Because of the environmental pollution we find: (i) an
anticorrelated spatial behaviour between the two groups of benthic foraminifera
analyzed; (ii) an anticorrelated (correlated) spatial behaviour between the
first (second) group of benthic foraminifera with metal concentrations; (iii)
an almost uncorrelated spatial behaviour between low concentrations of metals
and the first group of foraminifera in clean sea water sites. We introduce a
two-species model based on the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations in the
presence of a multiplicative noise, which models the interaction between
species and environmental pollution due to the presence in top-soft sediments
of heavy metals. The interaction coefficients between the two species are kept
constant with values in the coexistence regime. Using proper values for the
initial conditions and the model parameters, we find for the two species a
theoretical spatial distribution behaviour in a good agreement with the data
obtained from the 63 sites analyzed in our study.


title: Kinematics of the old stellar population at the Galactic Center

abstract:
  We aim at a detailed description of the kinematic properties of the old,
(several Gyrs) late-type CO-absorption star population among the Galactic
centre (GC) cluster stars. We applied AO-assisted, near-infrared imaging and
integral-field spectroscopy using the instruments NAOS/CONICA and SINFONI at
the VLT. We obtained proper motions for 5445 stars, 3D velocities for 664
stars, and acceleration limits (in the sky plane) for 750 stars. We detect for
the first time significant cluster rotation in the sense of the general
Galactic rotation in proper motions. Out of the 3D velocity dispersion, we
derive an improved statistical parallax for the GC of R0 = 8.07 +/- 0.32 (stat)
+/- 0.13 (sys) kpc. The distribution of 3D stellar speeds can be approximated
by local Maxwellian distributions. Kinematic modelling provides deprojected 3D
kinematic parameters, including the mass profile of the cluster. We find an
upper limit of 4% for the amplitude of fluctuations in the phase-space
distribution of the cluster stars compared to a uniform, spherical model
cluster. Using upper limits on accelerations, we constrain the minimum
line-of-sight distances from the plane of SgrA* of five stars located within
the innermost few (projected) arcsec. The stars within 0.7'' radius from the
star group IRS13E do not co-move with this group, making it unlikely that
IRS13E is the core of a substantial star cluster. Overall, the GC late-type
cluster is described well as a uniform, isotropic, rotating, dynamically
relaxed, phase-mixed system.


title: CP Violation Results from D0

abstract:
  We present results on CP violation from approximately 2.8 fb^{-1} of data
collected by the D0 Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The results presented
are: (i) an improved measurement of the B_s^0 CP-violating phase from a
flavor-tagged analysis of B_s^0 --> J/\psi \phi decays; (ii) a search for
direct CP violation in B^{+-} --> J/\psi K^{+-} (\pi^{+-}) decays from a
measurement of the charge asymmetry A_{CP}(B^{+-} --> J/\psi K^{+-}); and (iii)
a search for indirect CP violation from searches for anomalous charge
asymmetries in semileptonic B_s^0 decays.


title:
Quantitative unique continuation, logarithmic convexity of Gaussian
  means and Hardy's uncertainty principle

abstract:
  In this paper we describe some recent works on quantitative unique
continuation for elliptic, parabolic and dispersive equations. The elliptic
results are joint work with J.Bourgain, while the remainder of the works
discussed are joint works with L.Escauriaza, G.Ponce and L.Vega.


title: Dynamical regimes of a quantum swap gate beyond the Fermi Golden Rule

abstract:
  We discuss how the bath's memory affects the dynamics of a swap gate. We
present an exactly solvable model that shows various dynamical transitions when
treated beyond the Fermi Golden Rule. By moving continuously a single
parameter, the unperturbed Rabi frequency, we sweep through different analytic
properties of the density of states: I) collapsed resonances that split at an
exceptional point in II) two resolved resonances ; III) out-of-band resonances;
IV) virtual states; and V) pure point spectrum. We associate them with
distinctive dynamical regimes: overdamped, damped oscillations, environment
controlled quantum diffusion, anomalous diffusion and localized dynamics
respectively. The frequency of the swap gate depends differently on the
unperturbed Rabi frequency. In region I) there is no oscillation at all, while
in the regions III) and IV) the oscillation frequency is particularly stable
because it is determined by environment's band width. The anomalous diffusion
could be used as a signature for the presence of the elusive virtual states.


title: Electroweak contributions to squark--gluino production at the LHC

abstract:
  We calculated the electroweak contributions to the hadronic production of a
squark in association with a gluino within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model (MSSM). Presented are complete next-to-leading order electroweak (NLO EW)
corrections at O(alpha_s^2 alpha), which include real photon and real quark
radiation processes. Also considered are photon induced tree level O(alpha_s
alpha) contributions.


title:
Time-Dependent Corrections to the Ly-alpha Escape Probability During
  Cosmological Hydrogen Recombination

abstract:
  We consider the effects connected with the detailed radiative transfer during
the epoch of cosmological recombination on the ionization history of our
Universe. We focus on the escape of photons from the hydrogen Lyman-alpha
resonance at redshifts 600<~ z <~ 2000, one of two key mechanisms defining the
rate of cosmological recombination. We approach this problem within the
standard formulation, and corrections due to two-photon interactions are
deferred to another paper. As a main result we show here that within a
non-stationary approach to the escape problem, the resulting correction in the
free electron fraction, N_e, is about ~1.6-1.8% in the redshift range
800<~z<~1200. Therefore the discussed process results in one of the largest
modifications to the ionization history close to the maximum of
Thomson-visibility function at z~1100 considered so far. We prove our results
both numerically and analytically, deriving the escape probability, and
considering both Lyman-alpha line emission and line absorption in a way
different from the Sobolev approximation. In particular, we give a detailed
derivation of the Sobolev escape probability during hydrogen recombination, and
explain the underlying assumptions. We then discuss the escape of photons for
the case of coherent scattering in the lab frame, solving this problem
analytically in the quasi-stationary approximation and also in the
time-dependent case. We show here that during hydrogen recombination the
Sobolev approximation for the escape probability is not valid at the level of
DP/P~5-10%. This is because during recombination the ionization degree changes
significantly over a characteristic time Dz/z~10%, so that at percent level
accuracy the photon distribution is not evolving (abridged)


title: Numerical Analysis of some Generalized Casimir Pistons

abstract:
  The Casimir force due to a scalar field on a piston in a cylinder of radius
$r$ with a spherical cap of radius $R>r$ is computed numerically in the
world-line approach. A geometrical subtraction scheme gives the finite
interaction energy that determines the Casimir force. The spectral function of
convex domains is obtained from a probability measure on convex surfaces that
is induced by the Wiener measure on Brownian bridges the convex surfaces are
the hulls of. The vacuum force on the piston by a scalar field satisfying
Dirichlet boundary conditions is attractive in these geometries, but the
strength and short-distance behavior of the force depends crucially on the
shape of the piston casing. For a cylindrical casing with a hemispherical head,
the force for $a/R\sim 0$ does not depend on the dimension of the casing and
numerically approaches $\sim - 0.00326(4)\hbar c/a^2$. Semiclassically this
asymptotic force is due to short, closed and non-periodic trajectories that
reflect once off the piston near its periphery. The semiclassical estimate
$-\hbar c/(96\pi a^2)(1+2\sqrt{R^2-r^2}/a)$ for the force when $a/r\ll r/R\leq
1$ reproduces the numerical results within statistical errors.


title:
Phase diagram, correlation gap, and critical properties of the Coulomb
  glass

abstract:
  We investigate the lattice Coulomb glass model in three dimensions via Monte
Carlo simulations. No evidence for an equilibrium glass phase is found down to
very low temperatures, although the correlation length increases rapidly near
T=0. A charge-ordered phase (COP) exists at low disorder. The transition to
this phase is consistent with the Random Field Ising universality class, which
shows that the interaction is effectively screened at moderate temperature. For
large disorder, the single-particle density of states near the Coulomb gap
satisfies the scaling relation g(e,T)=T^\delta f(|e|/T) with \delta = 2.01 +/-
0.05 in agreement with the prediction of Efros and Shklovskii. For decreasing
disorder, a crossover to a larger effective exponent occurs due to the
proximity of the COP.


title:
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Vortex Imaging in the Iron-Pnictide
  Superconductor BaFe$_{1.8}$Co$_{0.2}$As$_2$

abstract:
  We present an atomic resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of
superconducting BaFe$_{1.8}$Co$_{0.2}$As$_2$ single crystals in magnetic fields
up to $9 \text{Tesla}$. At zero field, a single gap with coherence peaks at
$\overline{\Delta}=6.25 \text{meV}$ is observed in the density of states. At $9
\text{T}$ and $6 \text{T}$, we image a disordered vortex lattice, consistent
with isotropic, single flux quantum vortices. Vortex locations are uncorrelated
with strong scattering surface impurities, demonstrating bulk pinning. The
vortex-induced sub-gap density of states fits an exponential decay from the
vortex center, from which we extract a coherence length $\xi=27.6\pm 2.9
\text{\AA}$, corresponding to an upper critical field $H_{c2}=43 \text{T}$.


title:
Axisymmetric magnetic fields in stars: relative strengths of poloidal
  and toroidal components

abstract:
  In this third paper in a series on stable magnetic equilibria in stars, I
look at the stability of axisymmetric field configurations and in particular at
the relative strengths of the toroidal and poloidal components. Both toroidal
and poloidal fields are unstable on their own, and stability is achieved by
adding the two together in some ratio. I use Tayler's (1973) stability
conditions for toroidal fields and other analytic tools to predict the range of
stable ratios and then check these predictions by running numerical
simulations. It is found that while the poloidal field can account for no more
than approximately 80% of the total energy, it can account for a very small
fraction of the energy, i.e. that the toroidal field can be -- and is likely to
be -- significantly stronger than the poloidal. Furthermore, the weaker the
field, the weaker the poloidal component can be in relation to the toroidal.
The implications of this result are discussed in various contexts such as the
emission of gravitational waves by neutron stars, free precession, and a
`hidden' energy source for magnetars.


title: The clustering of radio galaxies at z~0.55 from the 2SLAQ LRG survey

abstract:
  We examine the clustering properties of low-power radio galaxies at redshift
0.4<z<0.8, using data from the 2SLAQ Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) survey. We find
that radio-detected LRGs (with optical luminosities of 3-5L* and 1.4GHz radio
powers between 1e24 and 1e26 W/Hz) are significantly more clustered than a
matched sample of radio-quiet LRGs with the same distribution in optical
luminosity and colour. The measured scale length of the 2pt auto-correlation
function, r0, is 12.3+/-1.2 1/h Mpc and 9.02+/-0.52 1/h Mpc for the
radio-detected and radio-quiet samples respectively. Using the halo model
framework we demonstrate that the radio-loud LRGs have typical halo masses of
10.1+/-1.4 x10^13 1/h M_sun compared to 6.44+/-0.32 x10^13 1/h M_sun for the
radio-quiet sample. A model in which the radio-detected LRGs are almost all
central galaxies within haloes provides the best fit, and we estimate that at
least 30% of LRGs with the same clustering amplitude as the radio-detected LRGs
are currently radio-loud. Our results imply that radio-loud LRGs typically
occupy more massive haloes than other LRGs of the same optical luminosity, so
the probability of finding a radio-loud AGN in a massive galaxy at z~0.55 is
influenced by the halo mass in addition to the dependence on optical
luminosity. If we model the radio-loud fraction of LRGs, F_rad, as a function
of halo mass M, then the data are well-fitted by a power law of the form F_rad
\propto M^(0.65+/-0.23). The relationship between radio emission and clustering
strength could arise either through a higher fuelling rate of gas onto the
central black holes of galaxies in the most massive haloes (producing more
powerful radio jets) or through the presence of a denser IGM (providing a more
efficient working surface for the jets, thus boosting their radio luminosity).


title: Weak Antiferromagnetic Order in Anisotropic Quantum Pyrochlores

abstract:
  We study the ground state properties of an anisotropic, quasi-2D version of
the quantum (S=1/2) pyrochlore antiferromagnet. In the presence of
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions, in addition to the Heisenberg exchanges, it
is shown that two types of ordered magnetic states are generally possible: non
coplanar "chiral," and coplanar antiferromagnetic order. The magnetic moments
in all cases are determined by the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions and in
this sense the antiferromagnetic order is "weak."


title:
Impacts of a Supersonic Shock Front on Star Formation in the Bullet
  Cluster

abstract:
  We use the Bullet Cluster (1E0657-56) to investigate the extent to which star
formation in cluster galaxies is influenced by ram pressure from supersonic gas
(Mach 3) during a cluster merger. While the effects of ram pressure have been
studied for individual galaxies infalling into galaxy clusters, this system
provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of dramatic merger
events on the cluster galaxy population. In this analysis we use {\it Spitzer}
IRAC data to study star formation. At the redshift of the cluster the 6.2
$\mu$m PAH feature is redshifted into the 8 $\mu$m band, enabling use of the
m$_{4.5}$-m$_{8}$ color as a proxy for specific star formation rate. We find
that the color distribution on the two sides of the shock differ by less than
2$\sigma$, and conclude that ram pressure from the shock front has no dramatic,
immediate impact on the star formation of cluster galaxies in the Bullet
Cluster.


title: String duals of two-dimensional (4,4) supersymmetric gauge theories

abstract:
  We study duals to field theories in two dimensions with N=(4,4) SUSY. The
string backgrounds reproduce certain non-perturbative aspects of the dual field
theory with a large number of colors N_c and a tunable number of flavors N_f.
Different aspects of the two-dimensional field theory are discussed, among them
the running of gauge couplings, the spectrum of mesons in Higgs and Coulomb
branches, entanglement entropy and the non-relativistic version of our string
backgrounds.


title: Fundamental Properties of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs

abstract:
  Precise measurements of the fundamental properties of low-mass stars and
brown dwarfs are key to understanding the physics underlying their formation
and evolution. While there has been great progress over the last decade in
studying the bulk spectrophotometric properties of low-mass objects, direct
determination of their masses, radii, and temperatures have been very sparse.
Thus, theoretical predictions of low-mass evolution and ultracool atmospheres
remain to be rigorously tested. The situation is alarming given that such
models are widely used, from the determination of the low-mass end of the
initial mass function to the characterization of exoplanets. An increasing
number of mass, radius, and age determinations are placing critical constraints
on the physics of low-mass objects. A wide variety of approaches are being
pursued, including eclipsing binary studies, astrometric-spectroscopic orbital
solutions, interferometry, and characterization of benchmark systems. In
parallel, many more systems suitable for concerted study are now being found,
thanks to new capabilities spanning both the very widest (all-sky surveys) and
very narrowest (diffraction-limited adaptive optics) areas of the sky. This
Cool Stars 15 splinter session highlighted the current successes and
limitations of this rapidly growing area of precision astrophysics.


title:
Black-Hole Engine Kinematics, Flares from PKS 2155-304, and
  Multiwavelength Blazar Analysis

abstract:
  Kinematical and luminosity relations for black-hole jet sources are reviewed.
If the TeV flares observed from PKS 2155-304 in 2006 July are assumed to
originate from a black hole with mass $\approx 10^8 M_8 M_\odot$, then the
$\sim 5$ minute variability timescale is consistent with the light-travel time
across the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole if $M_8\sim 1$. The absolute
jet power in a synchrotron/SSC model exceeds, however, the Eddington luminosity
for a black hole with $M_8\sim 1$ unless the jet is highly efficient. The
maximum Blandford-Znajek power is $\sim 10^{46}M_8$ ergs s$^{-1}$ if the
magnetic-field energy density threading the horizon is equated with the
luminous energy density in the vicinity of the black hole. An external Compton
component can relax power requirements, so a black hole with mass $\sim 10^8
M_\odot$ could explain the observed flaring behavior. For the Swift and HESS
data taken in 2006 July, relativistic outflows with bulk Lorentz factor $\Gamma
\gtrsim 30$ satisfy $\gamma$-$\gamma$ attenuation limits. If this system
harbors a binary black hole, then the accretion disk from a more massive, $\sim
10^9 M_\odot$ black-hole primary would make an additional external radiation
component. Dual thermal accretion disk signatures would confirm this scenario.


title:
Functional methods in the theory of magnetoimpurity states of electrons
  in quantum wires

abstract:
  Functional methods are used to study magnetoimpurity states of electrons in
nanostructures. The Keldysh formalism is applied to these states. The theory is
illustrated using a quantum wire sample with impurity atoms capable of
localizing electrons in a magnetic field. The characteristics of
magnetoimpurity states of electrons in the wire are calculated using the model
of a Gaussian separable potential.


title:
Formation of the first nuclear clusters and massive black holes at high
  redshift

abstract:
  We present a model for the formation of massive black holes ($\sim 1000
\msun$) due to stellar-dynamical processes in the first stellar clusters formed
at early cosmic times ($z\sim10-20$). The high redshift black hole seeds form
as a result of multiple successive instabilities that occur in low metallicity
$Z\sim 10^{-5}Z_\odot$) protogalaxies. We focus on relatively massive halos at
high redshift ($T_{\rm vir} > 10^4$ K, $z\gsim 10$) after the very first stars
in the Universe have completed their evolution. This set of assumptions ensures
that (i) atomic hydrogen cooling can contribute to the gas cooling process,
(ii) a UV field has been created by the first stars, and (iii) the gas inside
the halo has been mildly polluted by the first metals. The second condition
implies that at low density $H_2$ is dissociated and does not contribute to
cooling. The third condition sets a minimum threshold density for
fragmentation, so that stars form efficiently only in the very inner core of
the protogalaxy. Within this core, very compact stellar clusters form. A large
fraction of these very dense clusters undergo core collapse before stars are
able to complete stellar evolution. Runaway star-star collisions eventually
lead to the formation of a very massive star, leaving behind a massive black
hole remnant. Clusters unstable to runaway collisions are always the first,
less massive ones that form. Typically a fraction $\sim 0.05$ of protogalaxies
at $z\sim10-20$ form black hole seeds, with masses $\sim 1000-2000 \msun$,
leading to a mass density in seeds of a few $\simeq10^2\msun/{\rm Mpc}^{-3}$.
This density allows enough room for black hole growth by accretion during the
quasar epoch.


title: Possible large-N transitions for complex Wilson loop matrices

abstract:
  It is shown that a very simple multiplicative random complex matrix model
generalizes the large-N phase structure found in the unitary case: A
perturbative regime is joined to a non-perturbative regime at a point where the
smoothness of some quantities breaks down. A generic complex Wilson loop matrix
in a field theory admitting a 't Hooft planar limit could display a phase
transition in that limit as nonlinear effects become dominating over linear
ones.


title: Measuring the "non-stopping timeness" of ends of previsible sets

abstract:
  In this paper, we propose several "measurements" of the "non-stopping
timeness" of ends g of previsible sets, such that g avoids stopping times, in
an ambiant filtration. We then study several explicit examples, involving last
passage times of some remarkable martingales.


title:
Quark mass and isospin dependence of the deconfining critical
  temperature

abstract:
  We describe the deconfining critical temperature dependence on the pion mass
and on the isospin chemical potential in remarkably good agreement with lattice
data. Our framework incorporates explicit dependence on quark masses, isospin
and baryonic chemical potentials for the case of two flavors through
ingredients from well-known high- and low-energy theories. In the low-energy
sector, the system is described by a minimal chiral perturbation theory
effective action, corresponding to a hot gas of pion quasiparticles and heavy
nucleons. For the high-temperature sector we adopt a simple extension of the
fuzzy bag model. We also briefly discuss the effects of mass asymmetry and
baryon chemical potential.


title:
A Strong Law of Large Numbers with Applications to Self-Similar Stable
  Processes

abstract:
  Let $p \in (0, \infty)$ be a constant and let $\{\xi_n\} \subset L^p(\Omega,
{\mathcal F}, \P)$ be a sequence of random variables. For any integers $m, n
\ge 0$, denote $S_{m, n} = \sum_{k=m}^{m + n} \xi_k$. It is proved that, if
there exist a nondecreasing function $\varphi: \R_+\to \R_+$ (which satisfies a
mild regularity condition) and an appropriately chosen integer $a\ge 2$ such
that $$ \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sup_{k \ge 0} \E\bigg|\frac{S_{k, a^n}}
{\varphi(a^n)} \bigg|^p < \infty,$$ Then $$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{S_{0, n}}
{\varphi(n)} = 0\qquad \hbox{a.s.} $$ This extends Theorem 1 in Levental,
Chobanyan and Salehi \cite{chobanyan-l-s} and can be applied conveniently to a
wide class of self-similar processes with stationary increments including
stable processes.


title: Theory of the spontaneous buckling of doped graphene

abstract:
  Graphene is a realization of an esoteric class of materials -- electronic
crystalline membranes. We study the interplay between the free electrons and
the two-dimensional crystal, and find that it induces a substantial effect on
the elastic structure of the membrane. For the hole-doped membrane, in
particular, we predict a spontaneous buckling. In addition, attenuation of
elastic waves is expected, due to the effect of corrugations on the bulk
modulus. These discoveries have a considerable magnitude in graphene, affecting
both its mesoscopic structure, and its electrical resistivity, which has an
inherent asymmetry between hole- and electron-doped graphene.

categories: cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall hep-th nucl-th


title: The Kobayashi metric in the normal direction and the mapping problem

abstract:
  Estimates of the Kobayashi metric in the normal direction are used to study
the mapping problem in several complex variables.


title: Multiple polylogarithm values at roots of unity

abstract:
  For any positive integer $N$ let $\mu_N$ be the group of the $N$th roots of
unity. In this note we shall study the $\Q$-linear relations among values of
multiple polylogarithms evaluated at $\mmu_N$. We show that the standard
relations considered by Racinet do not provide all the possible relations in
the following cases: (i) level N=4, weight $w=3$ or 4, and (ii) $w=2$,
$7<N<50$, and $N$ is a power of 2 or 3, or $N$ has at least two prime factors.
We further find some (presumably all) of the missing relations in (i) by using
the octahedral symmetry of $\P^1-(\{0,\infty\}\cup \mu_4)$. We also prove some
other results when $N=p$ or $N=p^2$ ($p$ prime $\ge 5$) by using the motivic
fundamental group of $\P^1-(\{0,\infty\}\cup\mu_N)$.


title: The Structure of Commutative Automorphic Loops

abstract:
  An \emph{automorphic loop} (or \emph{A-loop}) is a loop whose inner mappings
are automorphisms. Every element of a commutative A-loop generates a group, and
$(xy)^{-1} = x^{-1}y^{-1}$ holds. Let $Q$ be a finite commutative A-loop and
$p$ a prime. The loop $Q$ has order a power of $p$ if and only if every element
of $Q$ has order a power of $p$. The loop $Q$ decomposes as a direct product of
a loop of odd order and a loop of order a power of 2. If $Q$ is of odd order,
it is solvable. If $A$ is a subloop of $Q$ then $|A|$ divides $|Q|$. If $p$
divides $|Q|$ then $Q$ contains an element of order $p$. If there is a finite
simple nonassociative commutative A-loop, it is of exponent 2.


title:
On a Speculated Relation Between Chv\'atal-Sankoff Constants of Several
  Sequences

abstract:
  It is well known that, when normalized by n, the expected length of a longest
common subsequence of d sequences of length n over an alphabet of size sigma
converges to a constant gamma_{sigma,d}. We disprove a speculation by Steele
regarding a possible relation between gamma_{2,d} and gamma_{2,2}. In order to
do that we also obtain new lower bounds for gamma_{sigma,d}, when both sigma
and d are small integers.


title: Charmless Two-Body and Quasi-Two-Body B-decays at BABAR

abstract:
  We present improved measurements of the branching fractions and CP
asymmetries in the two-body decays B0 --> pi0 pi0, B0 --> K0 pi0 and B0 --> K+
pi- as well as the quasi two-body B0 --> K_1(1270)+ pi- and B0 --> K_1(1400)+
pi- decays. These updated measurements are made using the complete set of BABAR
data taken at the Y(4S) resonance, collected between 1999 and 2007 at the
PEP-II collider at SLAC.


title:
Scientific Highlights from Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei with
  the MAGIC Telescope

abstract:
  Since 2004, the MAGIC gamma-ray telescope has newly discovered 6 TeV blazars.
The total set of 13 MAGIC-detected active galactic nuclei includes well-studied
objects at other wavelengths like Markarian 501 and the giant radio galaxy M87,
but also the distant the flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279, and the newly
discovered TeV gamma-ray emitter S5 0716+71. In addition, also long-term and
multi-wavelength studies on well-known TeV blazars and systematic searches for
new TeV blazars have been carried out. Here we report selected highlights from
recent MAGIC observations of extragalactic TeV gamma-ray sources, emphasizing
the new physics insights MAGIC was able to contribute.


title: Gigahertz decoy quantum key distribution with 1 Mbit/s secure key rate

abstract:
  We report the first gigahertz clocked decoy-protocol quantum key distribution
(QKD). Record key rates have been achieved thanks to the use of
self-differencing InGaAs avalanche photodiodes designed specifically for high
speed single photon detection. The system is characterized with a secure key
rate of 1.02 Mbit/s for a fiber distance of 20 km and 10.1 kbit/s for 100 km.
As the present advance relies upon compact non-cryogenic detectors, it opens
the door towards practical and low cost QKD systems to secure broadband
communication in future.