title:
Positivity of relative canonical bundles for families of canonically
  polarized manifolds

abstract:
  Given an effectively parameterized family of canonically polarized manifolds
the Kaehler-Einstein metrics on the fibers induce a hermitian metric on the
relative canonical bundle. We use a global elliptic equation to show that this
metric is strictly positive. For degenerating families we obtain a singular
hermitian metric. Main application is an analytic proof of the
quasi-projectivity of the moduli space of canonically polarized manifolds.
Further applications in arXiv:1002.4858v2.


title:
Coupled vortex equations and Moduli: Deformation theoretic Approach and
  Kaehler Geometry

abstract:
  We investigate differential geometric aspects of moduli spaces parametrizing
solutions of coupled vortex equations over a compact Kaehler manifold X. These
solutions are known to be related to polystable triples via a Kobayashi-Hitchin
type correspondence. Using a characterization of infinitesimal deformations in
terms of the cohomology of a certain elliptic double complex, we construct a
Hermitian structure on these moduli spaces. This Hermitian structure is proved
to be Kaehler. The proof involves establishing a fiber integral formula for the
Hermitian form. We compute the curvature tensor of this Kaehler form. When X is
a Riemann surface, the holomorphic bisectional curvature turns out to be
semi--positive. It is shown that in the case where X is a smooth complex
projective variety, the Kaehler form is the Chern form of a Quillen metric on a
certain determinant line bundle.


title:
Exchange energy and stability diagram of few-electron coupled elongated
  quantum dots

abstract:
  We study the properties of a few-electron system confined in coupled
elongated quantum dots (QDs) using a model Gaussian potential and the numerical
exact diagonalization technique. In the absence of magnetic fields, as the
aspect ratio $r$ between the QD extensions in the direction perpendicular and
parallel to the coupling directions increases, the exchange energy exhibits a
sharp variation at the specific value $r=3.9$, before (after) which the
exchange energy increases (declines). The sharp variation occurs because of a
sudden change in the single-particle configuration of the triplet state. The
stability region with one electron in each of the QDs is found to shrink, and
finally vanishes as it becomes progressively easier to localize both electrons
into the lower QD. For $r>3.9$, the first singlet-triplet transition shifts to
a small magnetic fields.


title: On behavior of solvable ideals of Lie algebras under outer derivations

abstract:
  Let $L$ be a finite dimensional Lie algebra over a field $F$. It is well
known that the solvable radical $S(L)$ of the algebra $L$ is a characteristic
ideal of $L$ if $\char F=0$ and there are counterexamples to this statement in
case $\char F=p>0$. We prove that the sum $S(L)$ of all solvable ideals of a
Lie algebra $L$ (not necessarily finite dimensional) is a characteristic ideal
of $L$ in the following cases: 1) $\char F=0;$ 2) $S(L)$ is solvable and its
derived length is less than $\log_{2}p.$ Some estimations (in characteristic 0)
for the derived length of ideals $I+D(I)+... +D^{k}(I)$ are obtained where $I$
is a solvable ideal of $L$ and $D\in Der(L).$


title:
Proof of a dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for lines under polynomial
  actions

abstract:
  We prove a dynamical version of the Bogomolov conjecture in the special case
of lines in affine space A^m under the action of a map (f_1,...,f_m) where each
f_i is a polynomial in Q-bar[X] of the same degree.


title:
K to pi and K to 0 in 2+1 Flavor Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation
  Theory

abstract:
  We calculate results for K to pi and K to 0 matrix elements to
next-to-leading order in 2+1 flavor partially quenched chiral perturbation
theory. Results are presented for both the Delta I=1/2 and 3/2 channels, for
chiral operators corresponding to current-current, gluonic penguin, and
electroweak penguin 4-quark operators. These formulas are useful for studying
the chiral behavior of currently available 2+1 flavor lattice QCD results, from
which the low energy constants of the chiral effective theory can be
determined. The low energy constants of these matrix elements are necessary for
an understanding of the Delta I=1/2 rule, and for calculations of
epsilon'/epsilon using current lattice QCD simulations.


title: A generalized Hirzebruch Riemann-Roch theorem

abstract:
  This short note proves a generalization of the Hirzebruch Riemann-Roch
theorem equivalent to the Cardy condition described in [1]. This is done using
an earlier result [4] that explicitly describes what the Mukai pairing in [1]
descends to in Hodge cohomology via the Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg map
twisted by the root Todd genus.


title: The dynamical Mordell-Lang problem for etale maps

abstract:
  We prove a dynamical version of the Mordell-Lang conjecture for etale
endomorphisms of quasiprojective varieties. We use p-adic methods inspired by
the work of Skolem, Mahler, and Lech, combined with methods from algebraic
geometry. As special cases of our result we obtain a new proof of the classical
Mordell-Lang conjecture for cyclic subgroups of a semiabelian variety, and we
also answer positively a question of Keeler/Rogalski/Stafford for critically
dense sequences of closed points of a Noetherian integral scheme.


title: Homological interpretation of extensions and biextensions of 1-motives

abstract:
  Let k be a separably closed field. Let K_i=[A_i \to B_i] (for i=1,2,3) be
three 1-motives defined over k. We define the geometrical notions of extension
of K_1 by K_3 and of biextension of (K_1,K_2) by K_3. We then compute the
homological interpretation of these new geometrical notions: namely, the group
Biext^0(K_1,K_2;K_3) of automorphisms of any biextension of (K_1,K_2) by K_3 is
canonically isomorphic to the cohomology group Ext^0(K_1 \otimes K_2,K_3), and
the group Biext^1(K_1,K_2;K_3) of isomorphism classes of biextensions of
(K_1,K_2) by K_3 is canonically isomorphic to the cohomology group Ext^1(K_1
\otimes K_2,K_3).


title: Minimal Energy Transfer of Solid Material Between Planetary Systems

abstract:
  The exchange of meteorites among the terrestrial planets of our Solar System
is a well established phenomenon that has triggered discussion of
lithopanspermia within the Solar System. Similarly, could solid material be
transferred across planetary systems? To address this question, we explore the
dynamics of the transfer of small bodies between planetary systems. In
particular, we examine a dynamical process that yields very low escape
velocities using nearly parabolic trajectories, and the reverse process that
allows for low velocity capture. These processes are chaotic and provide a
mechanism for minimal energy transfer that yield an increased transfer
probability compared to that of previously studied mechanisms that have invoked
hyperbolic trajectories. We estimate the transfer probability in a stellar
cluster as a function of stellar mass and cluster size. We find that
significant amounts of solid material could potentially have been transferred
from the early Solar System to our nearest neighbor stars. While this low
velocity mechanism improves the odds for interstellar lithopanspermia, the
exchange of biologically active materials across stellar systems depends
greatly upon the highly uncertain viability of organisms over the timescales
for transfer, typically millions of years.


title: Dynamic scaling approach to study time series fluctuations

abstract:
  We propose a new approach for properly analyzing stochastic time series by
mapping the dynamics of time series fluctuations onto a suitable nonequilibrium
surface-growth problem. In this framework, the fluctuation sampling time
interval plays the role of time variable, whereas the physical time is treated
as the analog of spatial variable. In this way we found that the fluctuations
of many real-world time series satisfy the analog of the Family-Viscek dynamic
scaling ansatz. This finding permits to use the powerful tools of kinetic
roughening theory to classify, model, and forecast the fluctuations of
real-world time series.


title:
Experimental entanglement distillation using Schmidt projection on
  multiple qubits

abstract:
  Entanglement distillation is a procedure for extracting from one or more
pairs of entangled qubits a smaller number of pairs with a higher degree of
entanglement that is essential for many applications in quantum information
science. Schmidt projection is a unique distillation method that can be applied
to more than two pairs of entangled qubits at the same time with high
efficiency. We implement the Schmidt projection protocol by applying
single-photon two-qubit quantum logic to a partially hyperentangled four-qubit
input state. The basic elements of the procedure are characterized and we
confirm that the output of Schmidt projection is always maximally entangled
independent of the input entanglement quality and that the measured
distillation efficiency agrees with theoretical predictions. We show that our
implementation strategy can be applied to other quantum systems such as trapped
atoms and trapped ions.


title:
Reply to Comment on "Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for
  free-energy calculations" by Horowitz and Jarzynski

abstract:
  We show that the Comment [arXiv:0808.1224] by Horowitz and Jarzynski obtains
as a main result a general free energy change for a harmonic system that in the
macroscopic limit does not recover the textbook expression for the energy
change of a Hookean spring. The reason is that Horowitz and Jarzynski
improperly identify work with parametric changes of the Hamiltonian instead of
with the standard quantity, force times displacement.


title:
Reply to Comment on "Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for
  free-energy calculations" by Luca Peliti

abstract:
  We show that Peliti's Comment [arXiv:0808.2855] fails to appreciate basic
physical principles and consequently misrepresents both our work as well as the
classical work of Gibbs and Tolman.


title: Entropic rigidity of a crumpling network in a randomly folded thin sheet

abstract:
  We have studied experimentally and theoretically the response of randomly
folded hyperelastic and elastoplastic sheets on the uniaxial compression
loading and the statistical properties of crumpling networks. The results of
these studies reveal that the mechanical behavior of randomly folded sheets in
the one-dimensional stress state is governed by the shape dependence of the
crumpling network entropy. Following up on the original ideas by Edwards for
granular materials, we derive an explicit force-compression relationship which
precisely fits the experimental data for randomly folded matter. Experimental
data also indicate that the entropic rigidity modulus scales as the power of
the mass density of the folded ball with universal scaling exponent.


title:
Cosmological Consequences of Topological Defects: Dark Energy and
  Varying Fundamental Constants

abstract:
  We investigated domain wall networks as a possible candidate to explain the
present accelerated expansion of the universe. We discuss various requirements
that any stable lattice of frustrated walls must obey and propose a class of
`ideal' model (in terms of its potential to lead to network frustration). By
using the results of the largest and most accurate three-dimensional field
theory simulations of domain wall networks with junctions, we find compelling
evidence for a gradual approach to scaling. We conjecture that, even though one
can build (by hand) lattices that would be stable, no such lattices will ever
come out of realistic domain wall forming cosmological phase transitions. We
consider cosmic strings and magnetic monopoles in Bekenstein-type models and
show that there is a class of models of this type for which the classical
Nielsen-Olesen vortex and 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles are still valid
solutions. We show that Equivalence Principle constraints impose tight limits
on the allowed variations of $\alpha$ induced by string networks on
cosmological scales. We show that the results obtained using the spherical
infall model for an infinite wavelength inhomogeneity are inconsistent with the
results of a local linearized gravity study and we argue in favor of the second
approach. We also criticize the claim that the value of $\alpha$ inside
collapsed regions could be significantly different from the background one on
the basis of these findings.


title:
Power law scaling of lateral deformations with universal Poissons index
  for randomly folded thin sheets

abstract:
  We study the lateral deformations of randomly folded elastoplastic and
predominantly plastic thin sheets under the uniaxial and radial compressions.
We found that the lateral deformations of cylinders folded from elastoplastic
sheets of paper obey a power law behavior with the universal Poissons index nu
= 0.17 pm 0.01, which does not depend neither the paper kind and sheet sizes,
nor the folding confinement ratio. In contrast to this, the lateral
deformations of randomly folded predominantly plastic aluminum foils display
the linear dependence on the axial compression with the universal Poissons
ratio nu_e = 0.33 pm 0.01. This difference is consistent with the difference in
fractal topology of randomly folded elastoplastic and predominantly plastic
sheets, which is found to belong to different universality classes. The general
form of constitutive stress-deformation relations for randomly folded
elastoplastic sheets is suggested.


title: Acoustic metafluids

abstract:
  Acoustic metafluids are defined as the class of fluids that allow one domain
of fluid to acoustically mimic another, as exemplified by acoustic cloaks. It
is shown that the most general class of acoustic metafluids are materials with
anisotropic inertia and the elastic properties of what are known as pentamode
materials. The derivation uses the notion of finite deformation to define the
transformation of one region to another. The main result is found by
considering energy density in the original and transformed regions. Properties
of acoustic metafluids are discussed, and general conditions are found which
ensure that the mapped fluid has isotropic inertia, which potentially opens up
the possibility of achieving broadband cloaking.


title: Spontaneous Broken Local Conformal Symmetry and Dark Energy Candidate

abstract:
  The local conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the Local
Lorentz invariance symmetry through the approach of nonlinear realization. The
resulting effective Lagrangian, in the unitary gauge, describes a cosmological
vector field non-minimally coupling to the gravitational field. As a result of
the Higgs mechanism, the vector field absorbs the dilaton and becomes massive,
but with an independent energy scale. The Proca type vector field can be
modelled as dark energy candidate. The possibility that it further triggers
Lorentz symmetry violation is also pointed out.


title: Thump, ring: the sound of a bouncing ball

abstract:
  A basketball bounced on a stiff surface produces a characteristic loud thump,
followed by high-pitched ringing. Describing the ball as an inextensible but
flexible membrane containing compressed air, I formulate an approximate theory
of the generation of these sounds and predict their amplitudes and waveforms.


title:
Measurement of the decay of Fock states in a superconducting quantum
  circuit

abstract:
  We demonstrate the controlled generation of Fock states with up to 15 photons
in a microwave coplanar waveguide resonator coupled to a superconducting phase
qubit. The subsequent decay of the Fock states, due to dissipation, is then
monitored by varying the time delay between preparing the state and performing
a number-state analysis. We find that the decay dynamics can be described by a
master equation where the lifetime of the n-photon Fock state scales as 1/n, in
agreement with theory. We have also generated a coherent state in the microwave
resonator, and monitored its decay process. We demonstrate that the coherent
state maintains a Poisson distribution as it decays, with an average photon
number that decreases with the same characteristic decay time as the one-photon
Fock state.


title:
Photon blockade and nonlinear effects for a quantum dot strongly coupled
  to a semiconductor microcavity

abstract:
  Our model comprehensively simulates modern nanoscale semiconductor
microcavities incorporating cavity quantum electrodynamics within both the weak
and strong coupling regimes, using on-resonant laser excitation and nonresonant
excitation due to a wetting layer. For weak coupling, the most significant
effect is photon antibunching with nonresonant emission. We investigate how the
antibunching characteristics change as the cavity finesse is increased towards
the strong coupling regime. Antibunching can also be observed in a strongly
coupled system with resonant excitation, using the photon blockade mechanism
which has been demonstrated in atom systems. We calculate what cavity
parameters are required to observe this effect. Experimentally these studies
are equivalent to nonlinear pump probe measurements, where a strong pump,
either resonant or nonresonant, is used to excite the coupled system, and the
resulting state is characterized using a weak, resonant probe beam.


title: On the diagonalization of the discrete Fourier transform

abstract:
  The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is an important operator which acts on
the Hilbert space of complex valued functions on the ring Z/NZ. In the case
where N=p is an odd prime number, we exhibit a canonical basis of eigenvectors
for the DFT. The transition matrix from the standard basis to the canonical
basis defines a novel transform which we call the discrete oscillator transform
(DOT for short). Finally, we describe a fast algorithm for computing the
discrete oscillator transform in certain cases.


title: Most Population III Supernovae are Duds

abstract:
  One Population III dud supernova produces enough oxygen to enable ten million
solar masses of primordial gas to bind into M dwarfs. This is possible because
radiation from other Population III stars implodes the mixture of oxygen ejecta
and primordial gas into a globular cluster. Model atmosphere calculations for
oxygen dwarfs show that water blocks most of the infrared flux. The flux is
redistributed into the visible to produce an unfamiliar, distinctive energy
distribution. One million dud supernovae in a large protogalaxy are sufficient
to produce the "dark matter" halo.


title:
Evidence for Correlations Between Nuclear Decay Rates and Earth-Sun
  Distance

abstract:
  Unexplained periodic fluctuations in the decay rates of Si-32 and Ra-226 have
been reported by groups at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Si-32), and at the
Physikalisch-Technische-Bundesandstalt in Germany (Ra-226). We show from an
analysis of the raw data in these experiments that the observed fluctuations
are strongly correlated in time, not only with each other, but also with the
distance between the Earth and the Sun. Some implications of these results are
also discussed, including the suggestion that discrepancies in published
half-life determinations for these and other nuclides may be attributable in
part to differences in solar activity during the course of the various
experiments, or to seasonal variations in fundamental constants.


title: Clustered and Triggered Star Formation in W5: Observations with Spitzer

abstract:
  We present images and initial results from our extensive Spitzer Space
Telescope imaging survey of the W5 H II region with the Infrared Array Camera
(IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). We detect dense
clusters of stars, centered on the O stars: HD 18326, BD +60 586, HD 17505 and
HD 17520. At 24 microns substantial extended emission is visible, presumably
from heated dust grains that survive in the strongly ionizing environment of
the H {\sc ii} region. With photometry of more than 18000 point sources, we
analyze the clustering properties of objects classified as young stars by their
IR spectral energy distributions (a total of 2064 sources) across the region
using a minimal-spanning-tree algorithm. We find ~40--70% of infrared excess
sources belong to clusters with >10 members. We find that within the evacuated
cavities of the H II regions that make up W5, the ratio of Class II to Class I
sources is ~7 times higher than for objects coincident with molecular gas as
traced by 12CO emission and near-IR extinction maps. We attribute this contrast
to an age difference between the two locations, and postulate that at least two
distinct generations of star formation are visible across W5. Our preliminary
analysis shows that triggering is a plausible mechanism to explain the multiple
generations of star formation in W5, and merits further investigation.


title: Stellar Populations in the Andromeda V Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

abstract:
  Using archival imaging from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 aboard the
Hubble Space Telescope, we investigate the stellar populations of the Local
Group dwarf spheroidal Andromeda V - a companion satellite galaxy of M31. The
color-magnitude diagram (CMD) extends from above the first ascent red giant
branch (RGB) tip to approximately one magnitude below the horizontal branch
(HB). The steep well-defined RGB is indicative of a metal-poor system while the
HB is populated predominantly redward of the RR Lyrae instability strip.
Utilizing Galactic globular cluster fiducial sequences as a reference, we
calculate a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -2.20 +/- 0.15 and a distance of
(m-M)0 = 24.57 +/- 0.04 after adopting a reddening of E(B-V) = 0.16. This metal
abundance places And V squarely in the absolute magnitude - metallicity diagram
for dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In addition, if we attribute the entire
error-corrected color spread of the RGB stars to an abundance spread, we
estimate a range of ~0.5 dex in the metallicities of And V stars. Our analysis
of the variable star population of And V reveals the presence of 28 potential
variables. Of these, at least 10 are almost certainly RR Lyrae stars based on
their time sequence photometry.


title: Surfaces with p_g=q=1, K^2=8 and nonbirtional bicanonical map

abstract:
  We prove that if the bicanonical map of a minimal surface of general type S
with p_{g}=q=1 and K^2=8 is non birational, then it is a double cover onto a
rational surface. An application of this theorem is the complete classification
of minimal surfaces of general type with p_{g}=q=1, K^2=8 and nonbirational
bicanonical map.


title: Ultra-large-scale electronic structure theory and numerical algorithm

abstract:
  This article is composed of two parts; In the first part (Sec. 1), the
ultra-large-scale electronic structure theory is reviewed for (i) its
fundamental numerical algorithm and (ii) its role in nano-material science. The
second part (Sec. 2) is devoted to the mathematical foundation of the
large-scale electronic structure theory and their numerical aspects.


title:
First-order quantum correction to the ground-state energy density of
  two-dimensional hard-sphere Bose atoms

abstract:
  Divergence exponents of the first-order quantum correction of a
two-dimensional hard-sphere Bose atoms are obtained by an effective field
theory method. The first-order correction to the ground-state energy density
with respect to the zeroth-order is given by
  $\cale_1/\cale_0 \sim |D-2|^{-\al}|\ln\gamma|^{-\al'}$, where $D$ is the
spatial dimension, and $\gamma$ is the gas parameter ($\gamma=n a^D$). As $D
\to 2$, $\al =\al'=1$. We show that the first-order quantum correction of the
energy density is not perturbative in low dimensions of $D < 2.2$ regardless of
any gas parameter which is much less that 1.


title:
Origin of giant photocontraction in obliquely deposited amorphous
  Ge_xSe_{1-x} thin- films and the intermediate phase

abstract:
  Obliquely deposited amorphous Ge_xSe{1-x} thin-films at several compositions
in the 0.15 < x < 0.333 range, and at several obliqueness angles in the 0 <
alpha < 80 range at each x were evaporated on Si and glass substrates. Here
alpha designates the angle between film normal and direction of vapor
transport. Raman scattering, ir reflectance and optical absorption measurements
were undertaken to characterize the vibrational density of states and optical
band gaps. Edge views of films in SEM confirm the columnar structure of
obliquely (alpha = 80) deposited films. Films, mounted in a cold stage flushed
with N2 gas, were irradiated to UV radiation from a Hg-Xe arc lamp, and


title:
Effects of an oscillating field on magnetic domain patterns: Numerical
  and theoretical studies on the concentric-ring patterns surrounding a strong
  defect

abstract:
  Oscillating fields can make domain patterns change into various types of
structures. Numerical simulations show that concentric-ring domain patterns
centered at a strong defect are observed under a rapidly oscillating field in
some cases. The concentric-ring pattern appears near the threshold of
spatially-uniform patterns in high-frequency cases. The threshold is
theoretically estimated and the theoretical threshold is in good agreement with
numerical one in a high-frequency region. The theoretical analysis gives also
good estimations of several characteristics of domain patterns for
high-frequencies.


title: A note on $l^p$ norms of weighted mean matrices

abstract:
  We present some results concerning the $l^p$ norms of weighted mean matrices.
These results can be regarded as analogues to a result of Bennett concerning
weighted Carleman's inequalities.


title: Network Motifs in Object-Oriented Software Systems

abstract:
  Nowadays, software has become a complex piece of work that may be beyond our
control. Understanding how software evolves over time plays an important role
in controlling software development processes. Recently, a few researchers
found the quantitative evidence of structural duplication in software systems
or web applications, which is similar to the evolutionary trend found in
biological systems. To investigate the principles or rules of software
evolution, we introduce the relevant theories and methods of complex networks
into structural evolution and change of software systems. According to the
results of our experiment on network motifs, we find that the stability of a
motif shows positive correlation with its abundance and a motif with high Z
score tends to have stable structure. These findings imply that the evolution
of software systems is based on functional cloning as well as structural
duplication and tends to be structurally stable. So, the work presented in this
paper will be useful for the analysis of structural changes of software systems
in reverse engineering.


title: Quantitative analysis of clumps in the tidal tails of star clusters

abstract:
  Tidal tails of star clusters are not homogeneous but show well defined clumps
in observations as well as in numerical simulations. Recently an epicyclic
theory for the formation of these clumps was presented. A quantitative analysis
was still missing. We present a quantitative derivation of the angular momentum
and energy distribution of escaping stars from a star cluster in the tidal
field of the Milky Way and derive the connection to the position and width of
the clumps. For the numerical realization we use star-by-star $N$-body
simulations. We find a very good agreement of theory and models. We show that
the radial offset of the tidal arms scales with the tidal radius, which is a
function of cluster mass and the rotation curve at the cluster orbit. The mean
radial offset is 2.77 times the tidal radius in the outer disc. Near the
Galactic centre the circumstances are more complicated, but to lowest order the
theory still applies. We have also measured the Jacobi energy distribution of
bound stars and showed that there is a large fraction of stars (about 35%)
above the critical Jacobi energy at all times, which can potentially leave the
cluster. This is a hint that the mass loss is dominated by a self-regulating
process of increasing Jacobi energy due to the weakening of the potential well
of the star cluster, which is induced by the mass loss itself.


title: Radiative MHD simulation of sunspot structure

abstract:
  Results of a 3D MHD simulation of a sunspot with a photospheric size of about
20 Mm are presented. The simulation has been carried out with the MURaM code,
which includes a realistic equation of state with partial ionization and
radiative transfer along many ray directions. The largely relaxed state of the
sunspot shows a division in a central dark umbral region with bright dots and a
penumbra showing bright filaments of about 2 to 3 Mm length with central dark
lanes. By a process similar to the formation of umbral dots, the penumbral
filaments result from magneto-convection in the form of upflow plumes, which
become elongated by the presence of an inclined magnetic field: the upflow is
deflected in the outward direction while the magnetic field is weakened and
becomes almost horizontal in the upper part of the plume near the level of
optical depth unity. A dark lane forms owing to the piling up of matter near
the cusp-shaped top of the rising plume that leads to an upward bulging of the
surfaces of constant optical depth. The simulated penumbral structure
corresponds well to the observationally inferred interlocking-comb structure of
the magnetic field with Evershed outflows along dark-laned filaments with
nearly horizontal magnetic field and overturning perpendicular (`twisting')
motion, which are embedded in a background of stronger and less inclined field.
Photospheric spectral lines are formed at the very top and somewhat above the
upflow plumes, so that they do not fully sense the strong flow as well as the
large field inclination and significant field strength reduction in the upper
part of the plume structures.


title: A dynamical perspective on additional planets in 55 Cancri

abstract:
  Five planets are known to orbit the star 55 Cancri. The recently-discovered
planet f at 0.78 AU (Fischer et al. 2008) is located at the inner edge of a
previously-identified stable zone that separates the three close-in planets
from planet d at 5.9 AU. Here we map the stability of the orbital space between
planets f and d using a suite of n-body integrations that include an
additional, yet-to-be-discovered planet g with a radial velocity amplitude of 5
m/s (planet mass = 0.5-1.2 Saturn masses). We find a large stable zone
extending from 0.9 to 3.8 AU at eccentricities below 0.4. For each system we
quantify the probability of detecting planets b-f on their current orbits given
perturbations from hypothetical planet g, in order to further constrain the
mass and orbit of an additional planet. We find that large perturbations are
associated with specific mean motion resonances (MMRs) with planets f and d. We
show that two MMRs, 3f:1g (the 1:3 MMR between planets g and f) and 4g:1d
cannot contain a planet g. The 2f:1g MMR is unlikely to contain a planet more
massive than about 20 Earth masses. The 3g:1d and 5g:2d MMRs could contain a
resonant planet but the resonant location is strongly confined. The 3f:2g,
2g:1d and 3g:2d MMRs exert a stabilizing influence and could contain a resonant
planet. Furthermore, we show that the stable zone may in fact contain 2-3
additional planets, if they are ~50 Earth masses each. Finally, we show that
any planets exterior to planet d must reside beyond 10 AU.


title:
Confirmation Bias and the Open Access Advantage: Some Methodological
  Suggestions for the Davis Citation Study

abstract:
  Davis (2008) analyzes citations from 2004-2007 in 11 biomedical journals. 15%
of authors paid to make them Open Access (OA). The outcome is a significant OA
citation Advantage, but a small one (21%). The author infers that the OA
advantage has been shrinking yearly, but the data suggest the opposite. Further
analyses are necessary:
  (1) Not just author-choice (paid) OA but Free OA self-archiving needs to be
taken into account rather than being counted as non-OA.
  (2) proportion of OA articles per journal per year needs to be reported and
taken into account.
  (3) The Journal Impact Factor and the relation between the size of the OA
Advantage article 'citation-bracket' need to be taken into account.
  (4) The sample-size for the highest-impact, largest-sample journal analyzed,
PNAS, is restricted and excluded from some of the analyses. The full PNAS
dataset is needed.
  (5) The interaction between OA and time, 2004-2007, is based on retrospective
data from a June 2008 total cumulative citation count. The dates of both the
cited articles and the citing articles need to be taken into account.
  The author proposes that author self-selection bias for is the primary cause
of the observed OA Advantage, but this study does not test this or of any of
the other potential causal factors. The author suggests that paid OA is not
worth the cost, per extra citation. But with OA self-archiving both the OA and
the extra citations are free.


title: Generic short-range interactions in two-leg ladders

abstract:
  We derive a Hamiltonian for a two-leg ladder which includes an arbitrary
number of charge and spin interactions. To illustrate this Hamiltonian we
consider two examples and use a renormalization group technique to evaluate the
ground state phases. The first example is a two-leg ladder with zigzagged legs.
We find that increasing the number of interactions in such a two-leg ladder may
result in a richer phase diagram, particularly at half-filling where a few
exotic phases are possible when the number of interactions are large and the
angle of the zigzag is small. In the second example we determine under which
conditions a two-leg ladder at quarter-filling is able to support a
Tomanaga-Luttinger liquid phase. We show that this is only possible when the
spin interactions across the rungs are ferromagnetic. In both examples we focus
on lithium purple bronze, a two-leg ladder with zigzagged legs which is though
to support a Tomanaga-Luttinger liquid phase.


title: On classes of local unitary transformations

abstract:
  We give a one-to-one correspondence between classes of density matrices under
local unitary invariance and the double cosets of unitary groups. We show that
the interrelationship among classes of local unitary equivalent multi-partite
mixed states is independent from the actual values of the eigenvalues and only
depends on the multiplicities of the eigenvalues. The interpretation in terms
of homogeneous spaces of unitary groups is also discussed.


title:
The Dark-Matter Fraction in the Elliptical Galaxy Lensing the Quasar
  PG1115+080

abstract:
  We determine the most likely dark-matter fraction in the elliptical galaxy
quadruply lensing the quasar PG1115+080 based on analyses of the X-ray fluxes
of the individual images in 2000 and 2008. Between the two epochs, the A2 image
of PG1115+080 brightened relative to the other images by a factor of six in
X-rays. We argue that the A2 image had been highly demagnified in 2000 by
stellar microlensing in the intervening galaxy and has recently crossed a
caustic, thereby creating a new pair of micro-images and brightening in the
process. Over the same period, the A2 image has brightened by a factor of only
1.2 in the optical. The most likely ratio of smooth material (dark matter) to
clumpy material (stars) in the lensing galaxy to explain the observations is
~90% of the matter in a smooth dark-matter component and ~10% in stars.


title:
Exploring the limits of single emitter detection in fluorescence and
  extinction

abstract:
  We present an experimental comparison and a theoretical analysis of the
signal-to-noise ratios in fluorescence and extinction spectroscopy of a single
emitter. We show that extinction measurements can be advantageous if the
emitter is weakly excited. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of this method
for the detection and spectroscopy of weakly emitting systems such as rare
earth ions.


title: On homogenization of space-time dependent and degenerate random flows II

abstract:
  We study the long time behavior (homogenization) of a diffusion in random
medium with time and space dependent coefficients. The diffusion coefficient
may degenerate. In Stochastic Process. Appl. (2007) (to appear), an invariance
principle is proved for the critical rescaling of the diffusion. Here, we
generalize this approach to diffusions whose space-time scaling differs from
the critical one.


title:
Same-sign top pair production in an extra-dimension model of flavor at
  the CERN Large Hadron Collider

abstract:
  We study the same-sign top pair production mediated by the first Kluza-Klein
(KK) excitation of the gluon in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with flavor
violation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in which the nonuniversal
couplings between fermions and KK gauge bosons will lead to observable tree
level flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) effects. We find that the
same-sign top quarks produced in our case have property of high energy and high
transverse momentum, and lead to an observable signal in the same-sign dilepton
channel even when the mass of the KK gluon reach up to 3 TeV. We further
investigate the potential of the LHC to probe the flavor violating parameters
and find that the LHC can probe their values down to 0.06.


title: Deformation of Lambda hypernuclei

abstract:
  We study the deformation property of $\Lambda$ hypernuclei using the
relativistic mean field (RMF) method. We find that $^{29}_{\Lambda}$Si and
$^{13}_{\Lambda}$C hypernuclei have spherical shape as a consequence of the
additional $\Lambda$ particle, whereas the corresponding core nuclei, $^{28}$Si
and $^{12}$C, are oblately deformed. Most of other hypernuclei have a similar
deformation parameter to the core nucleus, in accordance with the previous
study with the non-relativistic Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method. We discuss the
sensitivity of our results to the choice of pairing interaction and to the
parameter set of the RMF Lagrangian.


title: Siciak-Zahariuta extremal functions, analytic discs and polynomial hulls

abstract:
  We prove two disc formulas for the Siciak-Zahariuta extremal function of an
arbitrary open subset of complex affine space. We use these formulas to
characterize the polynomial hull of an arbitrary compact subset of complex
affine space in terms of analytic discs. Similar results in previous work of
ours required the subsets to be connected.


title: Formation and Properties of Molecular Cloud Cores

abstract:
  In this paper, we review some of the properties of dense molecular cloud
cores. The results presented here rely on three-dimensional numerical
simulations of isothermal, magnetized, turbulent, and self-gravitating
molecular clouds (MCs) in which dense core form as a consequence of the
gravo-turbulent fragmentation of the clouds. In particular we discuss issues
related to the mass spectrum of the cores, their lifetimes and their virial
balance.


title:
Electromagnetic signatures of thin accretion disks in wormhole
  geometries

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the physical properties and characteristics of matter
forming thin accretion disks in static and spherically symmetric wormhole
spacetimes. In particular, the time averaged energy flux, the disk temperature
and the emission spectra of the accretion disks are obtained for these exotic
geometries, and are compared with the Schwarzschild solution. It is shown that
more energy is emitted from the disk in a wormhole geometry than in the case of
the Schwarzschild potential and the conversion efficiency of the accreted mass
into radiation is more than a factor of two higher for the wormholes than for
static black holes. These effects in the disk radiation are confirmed in the
radial profiles of temperature corresponding to the flux distributions, and in
the emission spectrum \omega L(\omega) of the accretion disks. We conclude that
specific signatures appear in the electromagnetic spectrum, thus leading to the
possibility of distinguishing wormhole geometries by using astrophysical
observations of the emission spectra from accretion disks.


title:
Proving Noninterference by a Fully Complete Translation to the Simply
  Typed lambda-calculus

abstract:
  Tse and Zdancewic have formalized the notion of noninterference for Abadi et
al.'s DCC in terms of logical relations and given a proof of noninterference by
reduction to parametricity of System F. Unfortunately, their proof contains
errors in a key lemma that their translation from DCC to System F preserves the
logical relations defined for both calculi. In fact, we have found a
counterexample for it. In this article, instead of DCC, we prove
noninterference for sealing calculus, a new variant of DCC, by reduction to the
basic lemma of a logical relation for the simply typed lambda-calculus, using a
fully complete translation to the simply typed lambda-calculus. Full
completeness plays an important role in showing preservation of the two logical
relations through the translation. Also, we investigate relationship among
sealing calculus, DCC, and an extension of DCC by Tse and Zdancewic and show
that the first and the last of the three are equivalent.


title: Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics in Extended Theories of Gravity

abstract:
  By employing the general expression of temperature $T_{h}=|\kappa|/2\pi =
\frac{1}{2\pi \tilde{r}_{A}}(1-\frac{\dot{\tilde{r}}_{A}}{2H\tilde{r}_{A}})$
associated with the apparent horizon of a FRW universe and assuming a region of
FRW universe enclosed by the apparent horizon as a thermal system in
equilibrium, we are able to show that the generalized second law of
thermodynamics holds in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and in more general Lovelock
gravity.


title: Hydrino like states in graphene and Aharonov-Bohm field

abstract:
  We study the dynamics of fermions on graphene in presence of Coulomb
impurities and Aharonov-Bohm field. Special emphasis is given to the formation
of hydrino like states and its lifting of degeneracy due to the presence of AB
field. The flux of the AB field can be tuned to make the low angular momentum
hydrino states stable against decay. The zero limit physics of the two coupling
constants \alpha_G and \Phi involved in the system is discussed.

categories: cond-mat.mtrl-sci hep-th math-ph math.MP


title:
Inferring basic parameters of the geodynamo from sequences of polarity
  reversals

abstract:
  The asymmetric time dependence and various statistical properties of polarity
reversals of the Earth's magnetic field are utilized to infer some of the most
essential parameters of the geodynamo, among them the effective (turbulent)
magnetic diffusivity, the degree of supercriticality, and the relative strength
of the periodic forcing which is believed to result from the Milankovic cycle
of the Earth's orbit eccentricity. A time-stepped spherically symmetric
alpha^2-dynamo model is used as the kernel of an inverse problem solver in form
of a downhill simplex method which converges to solutions that yield a stunning
correspondence with paleomagnetic data.


title: Thermal memory: a storage of phononic information

abstract:
  Memory is an indispensable element for computer besides logic gates. In this
Letter we report a model of thermal memory. We demonstrate via numerical
simulation that thermal (phononic) information stored in the memory can be
retained for a long time without being lost and more importantly can be read
out without being destroyed. The possibility of experimental realization is
also discussed.


title: Three- and four-state rock-paper-scissors games with diffusion

abstract:
  Cyclic dominance of three species is a commonly occurring interaction
dynamics, often denoted the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. Such type of
interactions is known to promote species coexistence. Here, we generalize
recent results of Reichenbach et al. (e.g. Nature 448, 1046 (2007)) of a
four-state variant of RPS. We show that spiral formation takes place only
without a conservation law for the total density. Nevertheless, in general fast
diffusion can destroy species coexistence. We also generalize the four-state
model to slightly varying reaction rates. This is shown both analytically and
numerically not to change pattern formation, or the effective wave length of
the spirals, and therefore does not alter the qualitative properties of the
cross-over to extinction.


title:
Comprehensive Analysis of Neutrinos in SK part II -- L/E Analysis for
  Single Ring Muon Events I --

abstract:
  By referring to the procedures developed in the preceeding paper, we
re-analyze the L/E distribution for Fully Contained Events resulting from
quasi-elatic scattering (QEL) obtained from the Super-Kamiokande Experiment in
relation to their assumption that the direction of the incident neutrino
coincide with that of the produced leptons. As the result of it, we clarify
that they do not measure L_nu/E_nu distribution itself, but L_mu/E_nu
distribution, which cannot show the maximum oscillation existed in the original
L_nu/E_nu distribution, because L_nu could not be approximated by L_mu due to
the backscattering effect and the azimuthal angle effect in QEL.


title: On the nature of an ejection event in the jet of 3C111

abstract:
  We present a possible scenario for the ejection of a superluminal component
in the jet of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C111 in early 1996. VLBI
observations at 15 GHz discovered the presence of two jet features on scales
smaller than one parsec. The first component evolves downstream, whereas the
second one fades out after 1 parsec. We propose the injection of a perturbation
of dense material followed by a decrease in the injection rate of material in
the jet as a plausible explanation. This scenario is supported by 1D
relativistic hydrodynamics and emission simulations. The perturbation is
modeled as an increase in the jet density, without modifying the original
Lorentz factor in the initial conditions. We show that an increase of the
Lorentz factor in the material of the perturbation fails to reproduce the
observed evolution of this flare. We are able to estimate the lifetime of the
ejection event in 3C111 to be 36\pm7 days.


title:
Magnetization of a half-quantum vortex in a spinor Bose-Einstein
  condensate

abstract:
  Magnetization dynamics of a half-quantum vortex in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein
condensate with a ferromagnetic interaction are investigated by mean-field and
Bogoliubov analyses. The transverse magnetization is shown to break the
axisymmetry and form threefold domains. This phenomenon originates from the
topological structure of the half-quantum vortex and spin conservation.


title: Testing spooky action at a distance

abstract:
  In science, one observes correlations and invents theoretical models that
describe them. In all sciences, besides quantum physics, all correlations are
described by either of two mechanisms. Either a first event influences a second
one by sending some information encoded in bosons or molecules or other
physical carriers, depending on the particular science. Or the correlated
events have some common causes in their common past. Interestingly, quantum
physics predicts an entirely different kind of cause for some correlations,
named entanglement. This new kind of cause reveals itself, e.g., in
correlations that violate Bell inequalities (hence cannot be described by
common causes) between space-like separated events (hence cannot be described
by classical communication). Einstein branded it as spooky action at a
distance. A real spooky action at a distance would require a faster than light
influence defined in some hypothetical universally privileged reference frame.
Here we put stringent experimental bounds on the speed of all such hypothetical
influences. We performed a Bell test during more than 24 hours between two
villages separated by 18 km and approximately east-west oriented, with the
source located precisely in the middle. We continuously observed 2-photon
interferences well above the Bell inequality threshold. Taking advantage of the
Earth's rotation, the configuration of our experiment allowed us to determine,
for any hypothetically privileged frame, a lower bound for the speed of this
spooky influence. For instance, if such a privileged reference frame exists and
is such that the Earth's speed in this frame is less than 10^-3 that of the
speed of light, then the speed of this spooky influence would have to exceed
that of light by at least 4 orders of magnitude.


title: A Limit on Non-Locality Distillation

abstract:
  Non-local correlations are not only a fascinating feature of quantum theory,
but an interesting resource for information processing, for instance in
communication-complexity theory or cryptography. An important question in this
context is whether the resource can be distilled: Given a large amount of weak
non-local correlations, is there a method to obtain strong non-locality using
local operations and shared randomness? We partly answer this question by no:
CHSH-type non-locality, the only possible non-locality of binary systems, which
is not super-strong, but achievable by measurements on certain quantum states,
has at best very limited distillability by any non-interactive classical
method. This strongly extends and generalizes what was previously known, namely
that there are two limits that cannot be overstepped: The Bell and Tsirelson
bounds. Moreover, our results imply that there must be an infinite number of
such bounds.
  A noticeable feature of our proof of this purely classical statement is that
it is quantum mechanical in the sense that (both novel and known) facts from
quantum theory are used in a crucial way to obtain the claimed results. One of
these results, of independent interest, is that certain mixed entangled states
cannot be distilled without communication. Weaker statements, namely limited
distillability, have been known for Werner states.


title: Broad lifetime distributions for ordering dynamics in complex networks

abstract:
  We search for conditions under which a characteristic time scale for ordering
dynamics towards either of two absorbing states in a finite complex network of
interactions does not exist. With this aim, we study random networks and
networks with mesoscale community structure built up from randomly connected
cliques. We find that large heterogeneity at the mesoscale level of the network
appears to be a sufficient mechanism for the absence of a characteristic time
for the dynamics. Such heterogeneity results in dynamical metastable states
that survive at any time scale.


title: Antenna functions from MHV rules

abstract:
  QCD amplitudes display a universal behaviour when one or more partons are
soft and/or collinear. This can expressed in terms of antenna functions which
are much simpler than the full amplitudes and yet correctly embody their
infrared behaviour. We show how antenna functions can be naturally obtained via
a twistor-inspired MHV approach. As an application, we present compact results
for MHV and NMHV antennas functions valid for any number of gluons. These are
sufficient to calculate the complete set of tree-level gluon antenna functions
up to NNNLO. As an interesting corollary, we prove that splitting amplitudes
too can be written directly through a MHV diagrammatic approach. Finally we
find that antenna functions, collinear splitting amplitudes and eikonal factors
satisfy the same kind of recursive relation as the full amplitudes.


title: Graphene - A rising star in view of scientometrics

abstract:
  We have carried out a scientometric analysis of the literature dealing with
graphene, a material which has been identified as a new carbon allotrope. The
investigation is based on the CAplus database of Chemical Abstracts Service,
the INSPEC database of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
and the Web of Science (WoS) of Thomson Reuters. The time evolution of the
publications shows a dramatic increase since 2004 when graphene has been
isolated for the first time. The graphene literature has been analyzed with
respect to the most productive authors, research organizations, countries of
authors, and the leading journals. Furthermore, the time evolution of the major
graphene based research topics and the top 10 most productive research
organizations with respect to their specific topics have been analyzed and are
shown as heat maps. In addition, the graphene research landscape has been
established using the analysis tool STN AnaVist. Finally, a brief citation
analysis has been performed. The time evolution of the impact reveals that,
rather similar to the output evolution, the impact increase of the graphene
papers within the starting period is possibly going to outrun the impact
increase of the fullerenes and nanotubes papers.


title: Supersolids in one dimensional Bose Fermi mixtures

abstract:
  Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study a mixture of bosons and
fermions loaded on an optical lattice. With simple on-site repulsive
interactions, this system can be driven into a solid phase. We dope this phase
and, in analogy with pure bosonic systems, identify the conditions under which
the bosons enter a supersolid phase, i.e., exhibiting at the same time charge
density wave and superfluid order. We perform finite size scaling analysis to
confirm the presence of a supersolid phase and discuss its properties, showing
that it is a collective phase that also involve phase coherence of the
fermions.


title: "Jordan's Scalar Stars" and Dark Matter

abstract:
  Here we are starting the study of the field equations of relativistic scalar
tensor theories in the spherically symmetric gravitational field. In the
present article we shall consider as an example only the simplest
Jordan-Brans-Dicke (JBD) one. To illustrate the property of the spherically
symmetric JBD configuration we exhibit a new representation of the well-known
four dimensional solutions. In this model, a suitable segment of Brans solution
is chosen for the interior of the object while the outer region consists of a
Schwarzschild vacuum. We have constructed "Jordan's scalar stars" model
consisting of three parts: a homogeneous inner core with linear equation of
state; an envelope of Brans spacetime matching the core and the exterior
Schwarzschild spacetime. We have also showed that this toy model can explain
the intergalactic effects without the dark matter hypothesis.


title: Law of Genome Evolution Direction : Coding Information Quantity Grows

abstract:
  The problem of the directionality of genome evolution is studied. Based on
the analysis of C-value paradox and the evolution of genome size we propose
that the function-coding information quantity of a genome always grows in the
course of evolution through sequence duplication, expansion of code, and gene
transfer from outside. The function-coding information quantity of a genome
consists of two parts, p-coding information quantity which encodes functional
protein and n-coding information quantity which encodes other functional
elements except amino acid sequence. The evidences on the evolutionary law
about the function-coding information quantity are listed. The needs of
function is the motive force for the expansion of coding information quantity
and the information quantity expansion is the way to make functional innovation
and extension for a species. So, the increase of coding information quantity of
a genome is a measure of the acquired new function and it determines the
directionality of genome evolution.


title: On the Weak Measurement of Velocity in Bohmian Mechanics

abstract:
  In a recent article (New Journal of Physics 9, 165, 2007), Wiseman has
proposed the use of so-called weak measurements for the determination of the
velocity of a quantum particle at a given position, and has shown that
according to quantum mechanics the result of such a procedure is the Bohmian
velocity of the particle. Although Bohmian mechanics is empirically equivalent
to variants based on velocity formulas different from the Bohmian one, and
although it has been proven that the velocity in Bohmian mechanics is not
measurable, we argue here for the somewhat paradoxical conclusion that
Wiseman's weak measurement procedure indeed constitutes a genuine measurement
of velocity in Bohmian mechanics. We reconcile the apparent contradictions and
elaborate on some of the different senses of measurement at play here.


title:
Shannon dimensionality of quantum channels and its application to photon
  entanglement

abstract:
  We introduce the concept of Shannon dimensionality D as a new way to quantify
bipartite entanglement as measured in an experiment. This is applied to
orbital-angular-momentum entanglement of two photons, using two state analyzers
composed of a rotatable angular-sector phase plate that is lens-coupled to a
single-mode fiber. We can deduce the value of D directly from the observed
two-photon coincidence fringe. In our experiment, D varies between 2 and 6,
depending on the experimental conditions. We predict how the Shannon
dimensionality evolves when the number of angular sectors imprinted in the
phase plate is increased and anticipate that D = 50 is experimentally within
reach.


title:
Ergodic actions of compact quantum groups from solutions of the
  conjugate equations

abstract:
  We use a tensor C*-category with conjugates and two quasitensor functors into
the category of Hilbert spaces to define a *-algebra depending functorially on
this data. If one of them is tensorial, we can complete in the maximal C*-norm.
A particular case of this construction allows us to begin with solutions of the
conjugate equations and associate ergodic actions of quantum groups on the
C*-algebra in question. The quantum groups involved are A_u(Q) and B_u(Q).


title:
The Araucaria Project: The Distance to the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 247
  from Cepheid Variables Discovered in a Wide-Field

abstract:
  We report on the discovery of a Cepheid population in the Sculptor Group
spiral galaxy NGC 247 for the first time. On the basis of wide-field images
collected in photometric surveys in V and I bands which were conducted with
three different telescopes and cameras, 23 Cepheid variables were discovered
with periods ranging from 17 to 131 days. We have constructed the
period-luminosity relations from these data and obtain distance moduli to NGC
247 of 28.20 $\pm$ 0.05 mag (internal error) in V, 28.04 $\pm$ 0.06 mag in I,
and 27.80 $\pm$ 0.09 mag in the reddening-independent Wesenheit index. From our
optical data we have determined the total mean reddening of the Cepheids in NGC
247 as E(B-V)=0.13 mag, which brings the true distance modulus determinations
from the V and I bands into excellent agreement with the distance determination
in the Wesenheit index. The best estimate for the true distance modulus of NGC
247 from our optical Cepheid photometry is 27.80 $\pm$0.09 (internal error)
$\pm$ 0.09 mag (systematic error) which is in excellent agreement with other
recent distance determinations for NGC 247 from the Tip of the Red Giant branch
method, and from the Tully-Fisher relation. The distance for NGC 247 places
this galaxy at twice the distance of two other Sculptor Group galaxies, NGC 300
and NGC 55, yielding supporting evidence for the filament-like structure of
this group of galaxies. The reported distance value is tied to an assumed LMC
distance modulus of 18.50 mag.


title:
Numerical evidence of the spin-chirality decoupling in the
  three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass

abstract:
  Ordering of the three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass with Gaussian
coupling is studied by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The model undergoes
successive chiral-glass and spin-glass transitions at nonzero temperatures
T_{CG} > T_{SG} > 0, exhibiting the spin-chirality decoupling.


title: Variational calculations for K-few-nucleon systems

abstract:
  Deeply bound KNN, KNNN and KNNNN states are discussed. The effective force
exerted by the K meson on the nucleons is calculated with static nucleons. Next
the binding energies are obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation or by
variational calculations.
  The dominant attraction comes from the S-wave Lambda(1405) and an additional
contribution is due to Sigma(1385). The latter state is formed at the nuclear
peripheries and absorbs a sizable piece of the binding energy. It also
generates new branches of quasi-bound states. The lowest binding energies based
on a phenomenological KN input fall into the 40-80 MeV range for KNN, 90-150
MeV for KNNN and 120-220 MeV for K-alpha systems. The uncertainties are due to
unknown KN interactions in the distant subthreshold energy region.


title:
Double constructions of Frobenius algebras, Connes cocycles and their
  duality

abstract:
  We construct an associative algebra with a decomposition into the direct sum
of the underlying vector spaces of another associative algebra and its dual
space such that both of them are subalgebras and the natural symmetric bilinear
form is invariant or the natural antisymmetric bilinear form is a Connes
cocycle. The former is called a double construction of Frobenius algebra and
the latter is called a double construction of Connes cocycle which is
interpreted in terms of dendriform algebras. Both of them are equivalent to a
kind of bialgebras, namely, antisymmetric infinitesimal bialgebras and
dendriform D-bialgebras respectively. In the coboundary cases, our study leads
to what we call associative Yang-Baxter equation in an associative algebra and
$D$-equation in a dendriform algebra respectively, which are analogues of the
classical Yang-Baxter equation in a Lie algebra. We show that an antisymmetric
solution of associative Yang-Baxter equation corresponds to the antisymmetric
part of a certain operator called ${\mathcal O}$-operator which gives a double
construction of Frobenius algebra, whereas a symmetric solution of $D$-equation
corresponds to the symmetric part of an ${\mathcal O}$-operator which gives a
double construction of Connes cocycle. By comparing antisymmetric infinitesimal
bialgebras and dendriform D-bialgebras, we observe that there is a clear
analogy between them. Due to the correspondences between certain symmetries and
antisymmetries appearing in the analogy, we regard it as a kind of duality.


title: Efficient algorithms for the basis of finite Abelian groups

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a finite abelian group $G$ with $N$ elements. In this paper we
give a O(N) time algorithm for computing a basis of $G$. Furthermore, we obtain
an algorithm for computing a basis from a generating system of $G$ with $M$
elements having time complexity $O(M\sum_{p|N} e(p)\lceil
p^{1/2}\rceil^{\mu(p)})$, where $p$ runs over all the prime divisors of $N$,
and $p^{e(p)}$, $\mu(p)$ are the exponent and the number of cyclic groups which
are direct factors of the $p$-primary component of $G$, respectively. In case
where $G$ is a cyclic group having a generating system with $M$ elements, a
$O(MN^{\epsilon})$ time algorithm for the computation of a basis of $G$ is
obtained.


title: Josephson tunnel junctions with strong ferromagnetic interlayer

abstract:
  The dependence of the critical current density j_c on the ferromagnetic
interlayer thickness d_F was determined for Nb/Al_2O_3/Cu/Ni/Nb Josephson
tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic \Ni interlayer from very thin film
thicknesses (\sim 1 nm) upwards and classified into F-layer thickness regimes
showing a dead magnetic layer, exchange, exchange + anisotropy and total
suppression of j_c. The Josephson coupling changes from 0 to pi as function of
d_F, and -very close to the crossover thickness- as function of temperature.
The strong suppression of the supercurrent in comparison to non-magnetic
\Nb/Al_2O_3/Cu/Nb junctions indicated that the insertion of a F-layer leads to
additional interface scattering. The transport inside the dead magnetic layer
was in dirty limit. For the magnetically active regime fitting with both the
clean and the dirty limit theory were carried out, indicating dirty limit
condition, too. The results were discussed in the framework of literature


title: The Bi-Musquash Conjecture

abstract:
  D.R. Woodall's definition of a 'musquash' is extended to that of a
'bi-musquash' and the existence/uniqueness of these is discussed.


title:
Chromospheric magnetic field and density structure measurements using
  hard X-rays in a flaring coronal loop

abstract:
  A novel method of using hard X-rays as a diagnostic for chromospheric density
and magnetic structures is developed to infer sub-arcsecond vertical variation
of magnetic flux tube size and neutral gas density.Using Reuven Ramaty High
Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) X-ray data and the newly developed
X-ray visibilities forward fitting technique we find the FWHM and centroid
positions of hard X-ray sources with sub-arcsecond resolution ($\sim 0.2"$) for
a solar limb flare. We show that the height variations of the chromospheric
density and the magnetic flux densities can be found with unprecedented
vertical resolution of $\sim$ 150 km by mapping 18-250 keV X-ray emission of
energetic electrons propagating in the loop at chromospheric heights of
400-1500 km. Our observations suggest that the density of the neutral gas is in
good agreement with hydrostatic models with a scale height of around $140\pm
30$ km. FWHM sizes of the X-ray sources decrease with energy suggesting the
expansion (fanning out) of magnetic flux tube in the chromosphere with height.
The magnetic scale height $B(z)(dB/dz)^{-1}$ is found to be of the order of 300
km and strong horizontal magnetic field is associated with noticeable flux tube
expansion at a height of $\sim$ 900 km.


title:
Dynamic origin of azimuthal modes splitting in vortex-state magnetic
  dots

abstract:
  A spin wave theory explaining experimentally observed frequency splitting of
dynamical excitations with azimuthal symmetry of a magnetic dot in a vortex
ground state is developed. It is shown that this splitting is a result of the
dipolar hybridization of three spin wave modes of a dot having azimuthal
indices |m|=1: two high-frequency azimuthal excitation modes of the in-plane
part of the vortex with indices m = +/-1 and a low-frequency m= +1 gyrotropic
mode describing the translational motion of the vortex core. The analytically
calculated magnitude of the frequency splitting is proportional to the ratio of
the dot thickness to its radius and quantitatively agrees with the results of
time resolved Kerr experiments.


title: The HST/ACS Atlas of Protoplanetary Disks in the Great Orion Nebula

abstract:
  We present the atlas of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula based on the
ACS/WFC images obtained for the HST Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula
Cluster. The observations have been carried out in 5 photometric filters nearly
equivalent to the standard B, V, Halpha, I, and z passbands. Our master catalog
lists 178 externally ionized proto-planetary disks (proplyds), 28 disks seen
only in absorption against the bright nebular background (silhouette disks), 8
disks seen only as dark lanes at the midplane of extended polar emission
(bipolar nebulae or reflection nebulae) and 5 sources showing jet emission with
no evidence of neither external ionized gas emission nor dark silhouette disks.
Many of these disks are associated with jets seen in Halpha and circumstellar
material detected through reflection emission in our broad-band filters;
approximately 2/3 have identified counterparts in x-rays. A total of 47 objects
(29 proplyds, 7 silhouette disks, 6 bipolar nebulae, 5 jets with no evidence of
proplyd emission or silhouette disk) are new detections with HST. We include in
our list 4 objects previously reported as circumstellar disks which have not
been detected in our HST/ACS images either because they are hidden by the
bleeding trails of a nearby saturated bright star or because of their location
out of the HST/ACS Treasury Program field. Other 31 sources previously reported
as extended objects do not harbor a stellar source in our HST/ACS images. We
also report on the detection of 16 red, elongated sources. Their location at
the edges of the field, far from the Trapezium Cluster core (> 10'), suggests
that these are probably background galaxies observed through low extinction
regions of the Orion Molecular Cloud OMC-1.


title:
Quantum equation of motion for a particle in the field of primordial
  fluctuations

abstract:
  Brane model of universe is considered for a particle. Conservation laws
inside the brane are obtained. Equation of motion is derived for a particle
using variation principle from these conservation laws. This equation includes
terms accounting the variation of brane topology. Its solution is obtained at
some approximations and dispersion relation for a particle is derived.


title:
Non-Haar $p$-adic wavelets and their application to pseudo-differential
  operators and equations

abstract:
  In this paper a countable family of new compactly supported {\em non-Haar}
$p$-adic wavelet bases in ${\cL}^2(\bQ_p^n)$ is constructed. We use the wavelet
bases in the following applications: in the theory of $p$-adic
pseudo-differential operators and equations. Namely, we study the connections
between wavelet analysis and spectral analysis of $p$-adic pseudo-differential
operators. A criterion for a multidimensional $p$-adic wavelet to be an
eigenfunction for a pseudo-differential operator is derived. We prove that
these wavelets are eigenfunctions of the fractional operator. In addition,
$p$-adic wavelets are used to construct solutions of linear and semi-linear
pseudo-differential equations. Since many $p$-adic models use
pseudo-differential operators (fractional operator), these results can be
intensively used in these models.


title:
Random walker in a temporally deforming higher-order potential forces
  observed in financial crisis

abstract:
  Basic peculiarities of market price fluctuations are known to be well
described by a recently developed random walk model in a temporally deforming
quadric potential force whose center is given by a moving average of past price
traces [Physica A 370, pp91-97, 2006]. By analyzing high-frequency financial
time series of exceptional events such as bubbles and crashes, we confirm the
appearance of nonlinear potential force in the markets. We show statistical
significance of its existence by applying the information criterion. This new
time series analysis is expected to be applied widely for detecting a
non-stationary symptom in random phenomena.

categories: q-fin.ST physics.data-an physics.soc-ph q-fin.GN


title:
Radiative seesaw: Warm dark matter, collider and lepton flavour
  violating signals

abstract:
  Extending the standard model with three right-handed neutrinos ($N_k$) and a
second Higgs doublet ($\eta$), odd under the discrete parity symmetry $Z_2$,
Majorana neutrino masses can be generated at 1-loop order. In the resulting
model, the lightest stable particle, either a boson or a fermion, might be a
dark matter candidate. Here we assume a specific mass spectrum ($M_1\ll M_2 <
M_3 < m_\eta$) and derive its consequences for dark matter and collider
phenomenology. We show that (i) the lightest right-handed neutrino is a warm
dark matter particle that can give a $\sim$10% contribution to the dark matter
density; (ii) several decay branching ratios of the charged scalar can be
predicted from measured neutrino data. Especially interesting is that large
lepton flavour violating rates in muon and tau final states are expected.
Finally, we derive upper bounds on the right-handed neutrino Yukawa couplings
from the current experimental limit on $Br(\mu\to e\gamma)$.


title:
Time Dependent Monochromatic Scattering of Radiation in One Dimensional
  Media: Analytical and Numerical Solutions

abstract:
  In order to choose a numerical method for solving the time dependent
equations of radiative transport, we obtain an exact solution for the time
dependent radiation field in a one dimensional infinite medium with
monochromatic, isotropic scattering for sources with an arbitrary spatial
distribution and an arbitrary time variation of their power. The Lax-Wendroff
method seems to be the most suitable. Because it is assumed that radiation
delay is caused by the finite speed of light, the following difficulty arises
when the numerical method is used: the region of variation of the variables
(dimensionless coordinate \tau and time t) is triangular (the inequality \tau<
t). This difficulty is overcome by expanding the unknown functions in series in
terms of small values of the time and coordinate. By comparing the numerical
and exact solutions for a point source with a given time dependence for its
power and with pure scattering, the steps in the variables required to obtain a
desired accuracy are estimated. This numerical method can be used to calculate
the intensity and polarization of the radiation from sources in the early
universe during epochs close to the recombination epoch.


title: Thermodynamic Properties of $^{56,57}$Fe

abstract:
  Nuclear level densities for $^{56,57}$Fe have been extracted from the primary
$\gamma$-ray spectra using ($^3$He,$^3$He$^{\prime}\gamma$) and ($^3$He,$\alpha
\gamma$) reactions. Nuclear thermodynamic properties for $^{56}$Fe and
$^{57}$Fe are investigated using the experimental level densities. These
properties include entropy, Helmholtz free energy, caloric curves, chemical
potential, and heat capacity. In particular, the breaking of Cooper pairs and
single-quasiparticle entropy are discussed and shown to be important concepts
for describing nuclear level density. Microscopic model calculations are
performed for level densities of $^{56,57}$Fe. The experimental and calculated
level densities are compared. The average number of broken Cooper pairs and the
parity distribution are extracted as a function of excitation energy for
$^{56,57}$Fe from the model calculations.


title: Suspended single-electron transistors: fabrication and measurement

abstract:
  We have fabricated aluminum single-electron transistors in which the island
is not in contact with the substrate. This new type of device, which can be
called suspended single-electron transistor (SUSET), displayed well-defined I-V
and dI/dV-V features typical for high-quality standard SET's.


title: Percolation for the Vacant Set of Random Interlacements

abstract:
  We investigate random interlacements on Z^d, d bigger or equal to 3. This
model recently introduced in arXiv:0704.2560 corresponds to a Poisson cloud on
the space of doubly infinite trajectories modulo time-shift tending to infinity
at positive and negative infinite times. A non-negative parameter u measures
how many trajectories enter the picture. Our main interest lies in the
percolative properties of the vacant set left by random interlacements at level
u. We show that for all d bigger or equal to 3 the vacant set at level u
percolates when u is small. This solves an open problem of arXiv:0704.2560,
where this fact has only been established when d is bigger or equal to 7. It
also completes the proof of the non-degeneracy in all dimensions d bigger or
equal to 3 of the critical parameter introduced in arXiv:0704.2560.


title:
On integrability of Hirota-Kimura type discretizations. Experimental
  study of the discrete Clebsch system

abstract:
  R. Hirota and K. Kimura discovered integrable discretizations of the Euler
and the Lagrange tops, given by birational maps. Their method is a
specialization to the integrable context of a general discretization scheme
introduced by W. Kahan and applicable to any vector field with a quadratic
dependence on phase variables. According to a proposal by T. Ratiu,
discretizations of the Hirota-Kimura type can be considered for numerous
integrable systems of classical mechanics. Due to a remarkable and not well
understood mechanism, such discretizations seem to inherit the integrability
for all algebraically completely integrable systems. We introduce an
experimental method for a rigorous study of integrability of such
discretizations. Application of this method to the Hirota-Kimura type
discretization of the Clebsch system leads to the discovery of four
functionally independent integrals of motion of this discrete time system,
which turn out to be much more complicated than the integrals of the continuous
time system. Further, we prove that every orbit of the discrete time Clebsch
system lies in an intersection of four quadrics in the six-dimensional phase
space. Analogous results hold for the Hirota-Kimura type discretizations for
all commuting flows of the Clebsch system, as well as for the $so(4)$ Euler
top.


title:
Mechanisms of reversible photodegradation in disperse orange 11 dye
  doped in PMMA polymer

abstract:
  We use amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and linear absorption
spectroscopy to study the mechanisms of reversible photodegradation of
1-amino-2-methylanthraquinone (disperse orange 11-DO11) in solid poly(methyl
methacrylate). Measurements as a function of intensity, concentration, and time
suggest that ASE originates in a state (be it a tautomer or a vibronic level)
that can form a dimer or some other aggregate upon relaxation, which through
fluorescence quenching leads to degradation of the ASE signal. Whatever the
degradation route, a high concentration of DO11 is required and the polymer
plays a key role in the process of opening a new reversible degradation pathway
that is not available at lower concentrations or in liquid solutions. We
construct an energy level diagram that describes all measured quantities in the
decay and recovery processes and propose a hypothesis of the nature of the
associated states.


title: Heavy Quark Production at the Tevatron

abstract:
  Results are presented from four CDF analyses involving heavy quark production
in proton-antiproton collisions at center of mass energy 1.96 TeV. The shapes
of b-jets are found to be broader than inclusive predictions and broader than
both PYTHIA and HERWIG defaults. A measurement of the production cross section
for psi(2S) is consistent with Run 1 results and with theoretical predictions
associated with parton distribution function energy dependence. The inclusive
b-jet production cross section is also consistent with theoretical predictions
over six orders of magnitude. The b-bbar differential production cross section
is compared to several theoretical models and found to be best described by
MC@NLO + JIMMY.


title:
Torsional oscillators and the entropy dilemma of putative supersolid
  He-4

abstract:
  Solid He-4 is viewed as a nearly perfect Debye solid. Yet, recent calorimetry
measurements by the PSU group (J. Low Temp. Phys. 138, 853 (2005) and Nature
449, 1025 (2007)) indicate that at low temperatures the specific heat has both
cubic and linear contributions. These features appear in the same temperature
range where measurements of the torsional oscillator period suggest a
supersolid transition. We analyze the specific heat and compare the measured
with the estimated entropy for a proposed supersolid transition with 1%
superfluid fraction and find that the observed entropy is too small. We suggest
that the low-temperature linear term in the specific heat is due to a glassy
state that develops at low temperatures and is caused by a distribution of
tunneling systems in the crystal. We propose that dislocation related defects
produce those tunneling systems. Further, we argue that the reported putative
mass decoupling, that means an increase in the oscillator frequency, is
consistent with a glass-like transition. The glass scenario offers an
alternative interpretation of the torsional oscillator experiments in contrast
to the supersolid scenario of nonclassical rotational inertia.


title:
Charm and bottom baryon masses in the combined $1/N_c$ and $1/m_Q$
  expansion versus quark model

abstract:
  A good agreement between a flux tube-based quark model of light baryons
(strange and nonstrange) and the $1/N_c$ expansion mass formula has been found
in previous studies. In the present work a larger connection is established
between the quark model and the $1/N_c$ and $1/m_Q$ expansion method by
extending the previous procedure to baryons made of one heavy and two light
quarks. The compatibility between both approaches is shown to hold in this
sector too.


title: Scaling of solvation force in 2D Ising strip

abstract:
  The solvation force for the 2D Ising strip is calculated via exact
diagonalization of the transfer matrix in two cases: the symmetric case
corresponds to identical surface fields, and the antisymmetric case to exactly
opposite surface fields. In the symmetric case the solvation force is always
negative (attractive) while in the antisymmetric case the solvation force is
positive (repulsive) at high temperatures and negative at low temperatures. It
changes sign close to the critical wetting temperature characterizing the
semi--infinite system. The properties of the solvation force are discussed and
the scaling function describing its dependence on temperature, surface field,
and strip's width is proposed.


title: Derived categories of cubic fourfolds

abstract:
  We discuss the structure of the derived category of coherent sheaves on cubic
fourfolds of three types: Pfaffian cubics, cubics containing a plane and
singular cubics, and discuss its relation to the rationality of these cubics.


title: A stochastic model for tumor growth with immunization

abstract:
  We study a stochastic model for tumor cell growth with both multiplicative
and additive colored noise as well as a non-zero cross-correlations in between.
Whereas the death rate within the logistic model is altered by a deterministic
term characterizing immunization, the birth rate is assumed to be
stochastically changed due to biological motivated growth processes leading to
a multiplicative internal noise. Moreover, the system is subjected to an
external additive noise which mimics the influence of the environment of the
tumor. The stationary probability distribution Ps is derived depending on the
finite correlation time, the immunization rate and the strength of the
crosscorrelation. Ps offers a maximum which becomes more pronounced for
increasing immunization rate. The mean-first passage time is also calculated in
order to find out under which conditions the tumor can suffer extinction. Its
characteristics is again controlled by the degree of immunization and the
strength of the cross-correlation. The behavior observed can be interpreted in
terms of the three state model of a tumor population.


title: High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of Theta Car

abstract:
  Context : The peculiar hot star Theta Car in the open cluster IC2602 is a
blue straggler as well as a single-line binary of short period (2.2d). Aims :
Its high-energy properties are not well known, though X-rays can provide useful
constraints on the energetic processes at work in binaries as well as in
peculiar, single objects. Methods : We present the analysis of a 50ks exposure
taken with the XMM-Newton observatory. It provides medium as well as
high-resolution spectroscopy. Results : Our high-resolution spectroscopy
analysis reveals a very soft spectrum with multiple temperature components
(1--6MK) and an X-ray flux slightly below the `canonical' value
(log[L_X(0.1-10.)/L_{BOL}] ~ -7). The X-ray lines appear surprisingly narrow
and unshifted, reminiscent of those of beta Cru and tau Sco. Their relative
intensities confirm the anomalous abundances detected in the optical domain (C
strongly depleted, N strongly enriched, O slightly depleted). In addition, the
X-ray data favor a slight depletion in neon and iron, but they are less
conclusive for the magnesium abundance (solar-like?). While no significant
changes occur during the XMM-Newton observation, variability in the X-ray
domain is detected on the long-term range. The formation radius of the X-ray
emission is loosely constrained to <5 R_sol, which allows for a range of models
(wind-shock, corona, magnetic confinement,...) though not all of them can be
reconciled with the softness of the spectrum and the narrowness of the lines.


title:
Sharp optical phonon softening close to optimal doping in
  La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_{4+\delta}$

abstract:
  We report a direct observation of a sharp Kohn-like anomaly in the doubly
degenerate copper-oxygen bond-stretching phonon mode occurring at
$\mathbf{q}\mathrm{=(0.3, 0,0)}$ in La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_{4+\delta}$ with
$\mathrm{x=0.14\pm0.01}$, thanks to the high $\mathbf{Q}$ resolution of
inelastic x-ray scattering. This anomaly is clearly seen when the inelastic
signal is analysed using a single mode but is also consistent with a two mode
hypothesis possibly due to a splitting of the degenerate modes due to symmetry
breaking stripes. Our observation shows that the effect persists at the stripe
propagation vector in a superconducting system close to optimal doping.


title:
Aging, rejuvenation and thixotropy in complex fluids. Time-dependence of
  the viscosity at rest and under constant shear rate or shear stress

abstract:
  Complex fluids exhibit time-dependent changes in viscosity that have been
ascribed to both thixotropy and aging. However, there is no consensus for which
phenomenon is the origin of which changes. A novel thixotropic model is defined
that incorporates aging. Conditions under which viscosity changes are due to
thixotropy and aging are unambiguously defined. Viscosity changes in a complex
fluid during a period of rest after destructuring exhibit a bifurcation at a
critical volume fraction PHIc2. For volume fractions less than PHIc2, the
viscosity remains finite in the limit t => infinite. For volume fractions above
critical the viscosity grows without limit, so aging occurs at rest. At
constant shear rate there is no bifurcation, whereas under constant shear
stress the model predicts a new bifurcation in the viscosity at a critical
stress sB, identical to the yield stress sy observed under steady conditions.
The divergence of the viscosity for stress s sB is best defined as aging.
However, for s > sB, where the viscosity remains finite, it seems preferable to
use the concepts of restructuring and destructuring, rather than aging and
rejuvenation. Nevertheless, when a stress sA (sB) is applied during aging,
slower aging is predicted and discussed as true rejuvenation. Plastic behaviour
is predicted under steady conditions when s > sB. The Herschel-Bulkley model
fits the flow curve for stresses close to sB, whereas the Bingham model gives a
better fit for s >> sB. Finally, the model's predictions are shown to be
consistent with experimental data from the literature for the transient
behaviour of laponite gels.


title:
Effects of Strong Correlations on the Zero Bias Anomaly in the Extended
  Hubbard Model with Disorder

abstract:
  We study the effect of strong correlations on the zero bias anomaly (ZBA) in
disordered interacting systems. We focus on the two-dimensional extended
Anderson-Hubbard model, which has both on-site and nearest-neighbor
interactions on a square lattice. We use a variation of dynamical mean field
theory in which the diagonal self-energy is solved self-consistently at each
site on the lattice for each realization of the randomly-distributed disorder
potential. Since the ZBA occurs in systems with both strong disorder and strong
interactions, we use a simplified atomic-limit approximation for the diagonal
inelastic self-energy that becomes exact in the large-disorder limit. The
off-diagonal self-energy is treated within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The
validity of these approximations is discussed in detail. We find that strong
correlations have a significant effect on the ZBA at half filling, and enhance
the Coulomb gap when the interaction is finite-ranged.


title:
Power-dependent shaping of vortex solitons in optical lattices with
  spatially modulated nonlinear refractive index

abstract:
  We address vortex solitons supported by optical lattices featuring modulation
of both the linear and nonlinear refractive indices. We find that when the
modulation is out-of-phase the competition between both effects results in
remarkable shape transformations of the solitons which profoundly affect their
properties and stability. Nonlinear refractive index modulation is found to
impose restrictions on the maximal power of off-site solitons, which are shown
to be stable only below a maximum nonlinearity modulation depth.


title: LABOCA observations of nearby, active galaxies

abstract:
  We present large scale 870 micron maps of the nearby starburst galaxies
NGC253, NGC4945 and the nearest giant elliptical radio galaxy Centaurus A (NGC
5128) obtained with the newly commissioned Large Apex Bolometer Camera (LABOCA)
operated at the APEX telescope. Our continuum images reveal for the first time
the distribution of cold dust at a angular resolution of 20" across the entire
optical disks of NGC253 and NGC4945 out to a radial distance of 10' (7.5 kpc).
In NGC5128 our LABOCA image also shows, for the first time at submillimeter
wavelengths, the synchrotron emission associated with the radio jet and the
inner radio lobes. From an analysis of the 870 micron emission in conjunction
with ISO-LWS, IRAS and long wavelengths radio data we find temperatures for the
cold dust in the disks of all three galaxies of 17-20 K, comparable to the dust
temperatures in the disk of the Milky Way. The total gas mass in the three
galaxies is determined to be 2.1, 4.2 and 2.8 x 10^9 solar masses for NGC253,
NGC4945 and NGC5128, respectively. A detailed comparison between the gas masses
derived from the dust continuum and the integrated CO(1-0) intensity in NGC253
suggests that changes of the CO luminosity to molecular mass conversion factor
are mainly driven by a metallicity gradient and only to a lesser degree by
variations of the CO excitation. An analysis of the synchrotron spectrum in the
northern radio lobe of NGC5128 shows that the synchrotron emission from radio
to the ultraviolet wavelengths is well described by a broken power law and that
the break frequency is a function of the distance from the radio core as
expected for aging electrons. We derive an outflow speed of ~0.5c at a distance
of 2.6kpc from the center, consistent with the speed derived in the vicinity of
the nucleus.


title:
Josephson current in diffusive multilayer
  superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions

abstract:
  We calculate the Josephson current in a diffusive
superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction, where the ferromagnetic
region contains multiple layers (or domains). In particular, we study a
configuration where there are two layers with an arbitrary relative in-plane
magnetization orientation, and also include non-ideal interfaces and arbitrary
spin-flip scattering. We study the 0-$\pi$ oscillations of the critical current
for varying junction width $d$, and find that the $\pi$ state vanishes entirely
when the magnetic misorientation angle of the two layers exceeds a critical
angle $\phi_c$. While $\phi_c \to \pi/2$ in the limit of high temperatures, we
find that $\phi_c$ becomes smaller than $\pi/2$ at low temperatures compared to
$T_c$. 0-$\pi$ oscillations are also found when varying the temperature or the
misorientation angle for fixed values of $d$, and we present phase diagrams
that show qualitatively the conditions for the appearance of such oscillations.
We also point out how one may obtain significant enhancement of the critical
current in such a system by switching the magnetization for selected values of
the junction width $d$, and comment on the necessary conditions for
establishing a long range triplet Josephson effect.


title: Criticality Characteristics of Current Oil Price Dynamics

abstract:
  Methodology that recently lead us to predict to an amazing accuracy the date
(July 11, 2008) of reverse of the oil price up trend is briefly summarized and
some further aspects of the related oil price dynamics elaborated. This
methodology is based on the concept of discrete scale invariance whose
finance-prediction-oriented variant involves such elements as log-periodic
self-similarity, the universal preferred scaling factor lambda=2, and allows a
phenomenon of the "super-bubble". From this perspective the present (as of
August 22, 2008) violent - but still log-periodically decelerating - decrease
of the oil prices is associated with the decay of such a "super- bubble" that
has started developing about one year ago on top of the longer-term oil price
increasing phase (normal bubble) whose ultimate termination is evaluated to
occur in around mid 2010.


title:
Hierarchies of networked phases induced by multiple liquid-liquid
  critical points

abstract:
  Functionalization of nanoparticles or colloids is increasingly being used to
develop customizable "atoms". Functionalization by attaching single strands of
DNA allows for direct control of the binding between nanoparticles, since
hybridization of double strands will only occur if the base sequences of single
strands are complementary. Nanoparticles and colloids functionalized by four
single strands of DNA can be thought of as designed analogs to tetrahedral
network forming atoms and molecules, with a difference that the attached DNA
strands allow for control of the length scale of bonding relative to the core
size. We explore the behavior of an experimentally realized model for a
nanoparticles functionalized by four single strands of DNA (a tetramer), and
show that this single-component model exhibits a rich phase diagram with at
least three critical points and four thermodynamically distinct amorphous
phases. We demonstrate that the additional critical points are part of the
Ising universality class, like the ordinary liquid-gas critical point. The
dense phases consist of a hierarchy of interpenetrating networks, reminiscent
of a woven cloth. Thus bonding specificity of DNA provides an effective route
to generate new nano-networked materials with polyamorphic behavior. The
concept of network interpenetration helps to explain the generation of multiple
liquid phases in single-component systems, suggested to occur in some atomic
and molecular network forming fluids, including water and silica.


title: Young Nearby Loose Associations

abstract:
  A significant population of stars with ages younger than the Pleiades exists
in the solar neighborhood. They are grouped in loose young associations,
sharing similar kinematical and physical properties, but, due to their vicinity
to the Sun, they are dispersed in the sky, and hard to identify. Their strong
stellar coronal activity, causing enhanced X-ray emission, allows them to be
identified as counterparts of X-ray sources. The analysis presented here is
based mainly on the SACY project, aimed to survey in a systematic way
counterparts of ROSAT all-sky X-ray sources in the Southern Hemisphere for
which proper motions are known. We give the definition, main properties, and
lists of high-probability members of nine confirmed loose young associations
that do not belong directly to the well-known Oph-Sco-Cen complex. The youth
and vicinity of many members of these new associations make them ideal targets
for follow-up studies, specifically geared towards the understanding of
planetary system formation. Searches for very low-mass and brown dwarf
companions are ongoing, and it will be promising to search for planetary
companions with next generation instruments.


title:
Azimuthally-sensitive femtoscopy from RHIC to LHC in hydrodynamics with
  statistical hadronization

abstract:
  Azimuthally-sensitive femtoscopy for heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC is
explored within the approach consisting of the hydrodynamics of perfect fluid
followed by statistical hadronization. It is found that for the RHIC initial
conditions the very same framework that reproduces the standard soft
observables (including the transverse-momentum spectra, the elliptic flow, and
the azimuthally-averaged HBT radii) leads to a proper description of the
azimuthally-sensitive femtoscopic observables - we find that the azimuthal
variation of the side and out HBT radii is very well reproduced for all
centralities, while the out-side correlation is somewhat too large for
non-central events. Concerning the dependence of the femtoscopic parameters on
kT we find that it is very well reproduced for the out and side radii, and
fairly well for the long radius. The model is then extrapolated for the LHC
energy. We predict the overall moderate growth of the HBT radii and the
decrease of their azimuthal oscillations. Such effects are naturally caused by
longer evolution times. In addition, we discuss in detail the space-time
patterns of particle emission. We show that they are quite complex and argue
that the overall shape seen by the femtoscopic methods cannot be easily
disentangled on the basis of simple-minded arguments.


title:
Optimal Resource Allocation in Random Networks with Transportation
  Bandwidths

abstract:
  We apply statistical physics to study the task of resource allocation in
random sparse networks with limited bandwidths for the transportation of
resources along the links. Useful algorithms are obtained from recursive
relations. Bottlenecks emerge when the bandwidths are small, causing an
increase in the fraction of idle links. For a given total bandwidth per node,
the efficiency of allocation increases with the network connectivity. In the
high connectivity limit, we find a phase transition at a critical bandwidth,
above which clusters of balanced nodes appear, characterised by a profile of
homogenized resource allocation similar to the Maxwell's construction.


title: Pohlmeyer reduction revisited

abstract:
  A systematic group theoretical formulation of the Pohlmeyer reduction is
presented. It provides a map between the equations of motion of sigma models
with target-space a symmetric space M=F/G and a class of integrable
multi-component generalizations of the sine-Gordon equation. When M is of
definite signature their solutions describe classical bosonic string
configurations on the curved space-time R_t\times M. In contrast, if M is of
indefinite signature the solutions to those equations can describe bosonic
string configurations on R_t\times M, M\times S^1_\vartheta or simply M. The
conditions required to enable the Lagrangian formulation of the resulting
equations in terms of gauged WZW actions with a potential term are clarified,
and it is shown that the corresponding Lagrangian action is not unique in
general. The Pohlmeyer reductions of sigma models on CP^n and AdS_n are
discussed as particular examples of symmetric spaces of definite and indefinite
signature, respectively.