title: Variable Selection Incorporating Prior Constraint Information into Lasso

abstract:
  We propose the variable selection procedure incorporating prior constraint
information into lasso. The proposed procedure combines the sample and prior
information, and selects significant variables for responses in a narrower
region where the true parameters lie. It increases the efficiency to choose the
true model correctly. The proposed procedure can be executed by many
constrained quadratic programming methods and the initial estimator can be
found by least square or Monte Carlo method. The proposed procedure also enjoys
good theoretical properties. Moreover, the proposed procedure is not only used
for linear models but also can be used for generalized linear models({\sl
GLM}), Cox models, quantile regression models and many others with the help of
Wang and Leng (2007)'s LSA, which changes these models as the approximation of
linear models. The idea of combining sample and prior constraint information
can be also used for other modified lasso procedures. Some examples are used
for illustration of the idea of incorporating prior constraint information in
variable selection procedures.


title: Energy identity for approximations of harmonic maps from surfaces

abstract:
  We prove the energy identity for min-max sequences of the Sacks-Uhlenbeck and
the biharmonic approximation of harmonic maps from surfaces into general target
manifolds. The proof relies on Hopf-differential type estimates for the two
approximations and on estimates for the concentration radius of bubbles.


title: An Algebraic Analysis of Conchoids to Algebraic Curves

abstract:
  We study conchoids to algebraic curve from the perspective of algebraic
geometry, analyzing their main algebraic properties. We introduce the formal
definition of conchoid of an algebraic curve by means of incidence diagrams. We
prove that, with the exception of a circle centered at the focus and taking $d$
as its radius, the conchoid is an algebraic curve having at most two
irreducible components. In addition, we introduce the notions of special and
simple components of a conchoid. Moreover we state that, with the exception of
lines passing through the focus, the conchoid always has at least one simple
component and that, for almost every distance, all the components of the
conchoid are simple. We state that, in the reducible case, simple conchoid
components are birationally equivalent to the initial curve, and we show how
special components can be used to decide whether a given algebraic curve is the
conchoid of another curve.


title: Theory of Gel Formation

abstract:
  A theory of drop-wise addition polymerization is developed. Because of the
linear growth of the reaction volume V, the system gives rise to a new type of
distribution function for cyclic species that can be expressed by the sum of
two terms: the conventional distribution term and a extra term due to the
dilution effect. The present result is an extension of the conventional
homogeneous polymerization that corresponds to a special case without the extra
term. Making use of the result we derive the gel point formula for this unique
polymerization. The theoretical result is compared with the recent
observations.


title:
Universal Model of Finite-Reynolds Number Turbulent Flow in Channels and
  Pipes

abstract:
  In this Letter we suggest a simple and physically transparent analytical
model of the pressure driven turbulent wall-bounded flows at high but finite
Reynolds numbers Re. The model gives accurate qualitative description of the
profiles of the mean-velocity and Reynolds-stresses (second order correlations
of velocity fluctuations) throughout the entire channel or pipe in the wide
range of Re, using only three Re-independent parameters. The model sheds light
on the long-standing controversy between supporters of the century-old log-law
theory of von-K\`arm\`an and Prandtl and proposers of a newer theory promoting
power laws to describe the intermediate region of the mean velocity profile.


title: On the Riemann zeta-function, Parts IV-V

abstract:
  In Part I an odd meromorphic function f(s) has been constructed from the
Riemann zeta-function evaluated at one-half plus s. The conjunction of the
Riemann hypothesis and hypotheses advanced by the author in Part I is assumed.
In Part IV we derive the two-sided Laplace transform representation of f(s) on
the open vertical strip V of all s with real part between zero and four. An
additional hypothesis is used to prove that the Laplace density of f(s) on the
strip V is positive. Let z(n) be the nth critical zero of the Riemann
zeta-function of positive imaginary part in order of magnitude thereof. In Part
V an expression is derived for z(1). A relation is obtained of the pair z(n)
and the first derivative thereat of the zeta-function to the preceding such
pairs.


title: Two branches of neutron stars - reconciling a 2M_sun pulsar and SN1987A

abstract:
  The analysis of SN1987A led Brown and Bethe (1995) to conclusion, that the
maximum mass of cold neutron stars is low, M_max ~ 1.5M_sun. Such a low M_max,
due to a kaon condensation in the stellar core, implies collapse of a too
massive deleptonized protoneutron star into a black hole. This would naturally
explain the lack of a neutron star in the SN1987A remnant. On the other hand,
recent evaluation of mass of PSR J0751+1807 gives M_max > 2M_sun. This
contradicts the original Bethe-Brown model, but can be reconciled within
scenarios proposed in the present Letter. We consider two types of dense matter
models with high-density softening, due to a transition from a non-strange
N-phase of matter to a strangeness carrying phase S: kaon condensation and
deconfinement of quarks. Two scenarios of neutron star formation in stellar
core collapse are considered. In the first scenario, realized in sufficiently
hot and dense supernova cores, nucleation of an S-phase is sufficiently rapid
so as to form an S-phase core, and implying M_max = M^S_max =~ 1.5M_sun. In the
second scenario, nucleation of the S-phase at neutron star birth is too slow to
materialize, and the star becomes cold without forming an S-phase core. Then,
stellar mass can increase via accretion, until central density \rho_crit is
reached, and the S phase forms. This N branch of neutron stars ends at
M=M_crit. We select several models of N-phase satifying the necessary condition
M^N_max > 2M_sun and combine them with models of kaon condensation and quark
deconfinement. For kaon condensation, we get M_crit =~ M^S_max =~ 1.5M_sun,
which is ruled out by PSR J0751+1807. On the contrary, for the EOSs with quark
deconfinement we get M_crit =~ M^N_max > 2M_sun, which reconciles SN1987A and
PSR J0751+1807.


title:
Experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation of broadband
  squeezing

abstract:
  We demonstrate an unconditional high-fidelity teleporter capable of
preserving the broadband entanglement in an optical squeezed state. In
particular, we teleport a squeezed state of light and observe $-0.8 \pm 0.2$dB
of squeezing in the teleported (output) state. We show that the squeezing
criterion translates directly into a sufficient criterion for entanglement of
the upper and lower sidebands of the optical field. Thus, this result
demonstrates the first unconditional teleportation of broadband entanglement.
Our teleporter achieves sufficiently high fidelity to allow the teleportation
to be cascaded, enabling, in principle, the construction of deterministic
non-Gaussian operations.


title: Shear banding phenomena in a Laponite suspension

abstract:
  Shear localization in an aqueous clay suspension of Laponite is investigated
through dynamic light scattering, which provides access both to the dynamics of
the system (homodyne mode) and to the local velocity profile (heterodyne mode).
When the shear bands form, a relaxation of the dynamics typical of a gel phase
is observed in the unsheared band soon after flow stop, suggesting that an
arrested dynamics is present during the shear localization regime. Periodic
oscillations of the flow behavior, typical of a stick-slip phenomenon, are also
observed when shear localization occurs. Both results are discussed in the
light of various theoretical models for soft glassy materials.


title:
The RMS Survey: 13CO observations of candidate massive YSOs in the
  southern hemisphere

abstract:
  Abridged: The Red MSX Source (RMS) survey is an ongoing multi-wavelength
observational programme designed to return a large, well-selected sample of
massive young stellar objects (MYSOs). Here we present 13CO observations made
towards 854 MYSOs candidates located in the 3rd and 4th quadrants. We detected
13CO emission towards a total of 751 of the 854 RMS sources observed (~88%). In
total 2185 emission components are detected above 3$\sigma$ level. Multiple
emission profiles are observed towards the majority of these sources - 455
sources (~60%) - with an average of ~4 molecular clouds along the line of
sight. These multiple emission features make it difficult to assign a kinematic
velocity to many of our sample. We have used archival CS (J=2-1) and maser
velocities to resolved the component multiplicity towards 82 sources and have
derived a criterion which is used to identify the most likely component for a
further 202 multiple component sources. Combined with the single component
detections we have obtained unambiguous kinematic velocities towards 580
sources (~80% of the detections). The 171 sources for which we have not been
able to determine the kinematic velocity will require additional line data.
Using the rotation curve of Brand and Blitz (1993) and their radial velocities
we calculate kinematic distances for all components detected.


title: Bs Physics at CDF and D0

abstract:
  Run II at the Tevatron has seen an explosion of results related to the Bs
meson, ranging from tests of QCD models, to probes of electro-weak symmetry
breaking, to direct searches for new physics effects. I will briefly summarize
the CDF and D0 Bs-physics programs, describing the suitability of the detectors
for doing this kind of physics, and pointing out how our knowledge of important
quantities has improved through Run II measurements.


title: Unparticle physics at hadron collider via dilepton production

abstract:
  The scale invariant unparticle physics recently proposed by Georgi could
manifest at low energies as non integral number d_U of invisible particles.
Unparticles if existing, could couple to the Standard Model fields and
consequently affect the collider phenomenology. We consider the DY process to
explore effects of the peculiar propagator of the scalar and tensor unparticle
operators. To probe these effects at hadron collider one needs to go beyond LO
in QCD and hence the quantitative impact of QCD corrections for unparticle
physics at LHC is investigated. We present the K-factors at LHC. Inclusion of
QCD corrections to NLO stabilises the cross section with respect to scale
variations.


title: Nonlinear equations for p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings

abstract:
  We investigate the structure of solutions of boundary value problems for a
one-dimensional nonlinear system of pseudodifferential equations describing the
dynamics (rolling) of p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings for a scalar
tachyon field using the method of successive approximations. For an open-closed
string, we prove that the method converges for odd values of p of the form
p=4n+1 under the condition that the solution for the closed string is known.
For p=2, we discuss the questions of the existence and the nonexistence of
solutions of boundary value problems and indicate the possibility of
discontinuous solutions appearing.


title: Molecular Hydrogen emission from disks in the eta Chamaeleontis cluster

abstract:
  Disks in the 6 Myr old cluster eta Chamaeleontis were searched for emission
from hot H2. Around the M3 star ECHAJ0843.3-7905 we detect circumstellar gas
orbiting at ~2 AU. If the gas is UV-excited, the ro-vibrational line traces a
hot gas layer supported by a disk of mass ~0.03Msolar, similar to the minimum
mass solar nebula. Such a gas reservoir at 6 Myr would promote the formation
and inwards migration of gas giant planets.


title: Endomorphisms of projective varieties

abstract:
  We study complex projective manifolds X that admit surjective endomorphisms
f:X->X of degree at least two. In case f is etale, we prove structure theorems
that describe X. In particular, a rather detailed description is given if X is
a uniruled threefold. As to the ramified case, we first prove a general theorem
stating that the vector bundle associated to a Galois covering of projective
manifolds is ample (resp. nef) under very mild conditions. This is applied to
the study of ramified endomorphisms of Fano manifolds with second Betti number
one. It is conjectured that the projective space is the only Fano manifold
admitting admitting an endomorphism of degree d>1, and we prove that in several
cases.
  A part of the argumentation is based on a new characterization of the
projective space as the only manifold that admits an ample subsheaf in its
tangent bundle.


title:
MOST photometry of the RRd Lyrae variable AQ Leo: Two radial modes, 32
  combination frequencies, and beyond

abstract:
  Highly precise and nearly uninterrupted optical photometry of the RR Lyrae
star AQ Leo was obtained with the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of
STars) satellite over 34.4 days in February-March 2005. AQ Leo was the first
known double-mode RR Lyrae pulsator (RRd star). Three decades after its
discovery, MOST observations have revealed that AQ Leo oscillates with at least
42 frequencies, of which 32 are linear combinations (up to the sixth order) of
the radial fundamental mode and its first overtone. Evidence for period changes
of these modes is found in the data. The other intrinsic frequencies may
represent an additional nonradial pulsation mode and its harmonics (plus linear
combinations) which warrant theoretical modeling. The unprecedented number of
frequencies detected with amplitudes down to millimag precision also presents
an opportunity to test nonlinear theories of mode growth and saturation in RR
Lyrae pulsators.


title: Temporal Runtime Verification using Monadic Difference Logic

abstract:
  In this paper we present an algorithm for performing runtime verification of
a bounded temporal logic over timed runs. The algorithm consists of three
elements. First, the bounded temporal formula to be verified is translated into
a monadic first-order logic over difference inequalities, which we call monadic
difference logic. Second, at each step of the timed run, the monadic difference
formula is modified by computing a quotient with the state and time of that
step. Third, the resulting formula is checked for being a tautology or being
unsatisfiable by a decision procedure for monadic difference logic.
  We further provide a simple decision procedure for monadic difference logic
based on the data structure Difference Decision Diagrams. The algorithm is
complete in a very strong sense on a subclass of temporal formulae
characterized as homogeneously monadic and it is approximate on other formulae.
The approximation comes from the fact that not all unsatisfiable or
tautological formulae are recognised at the earliest possible time of the
runtime verification.
  Contrary to existing approaches, the presented algorithms do not work by
syntactic rewriting but employ efficient decision structures which make them
applicable in real applications within for instance business software.


title:
Role of chain stiffness on the conformation of single polyelectrolytes
  in salt solutions

abstract:
  Conformation of single polyelectrolytes in tetravalent salt solutions is
investigated under the framework of a coarse-grained model, using Langevin
dynamics simulations. The chain size, studied by the radius of gyration, shows
three different variational behaviors with salt concentration, depending on the
chain stiffness. According to these behaviors, polyelectrolytes of fixed chain
length are classified into three categories: flexible chain, semiflexible
chain, and rigid chain. The worm-like chain model with persistence length
predicted by the Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman theory is found to be able to
qualitatively describe the end-to-end distance at low salt concentration. In a
low-salt region, a flexible polyelectrolyte extends more significantly than a
semiflexible chain, and in a high-salt region, regardless of chain stiffness, a
chain attains a dimension comparable to that of its neutral polymer. The chain
stiffness influences both the local and the global chain structures. A flexible
chain exhibits a zigzagged local structure in the presence of salt ions and the
condensed structure is a disordered, random globule. A semiflexible chain is
locally smooth, and the condensed structure is orderly packed, taking a form
such as hairpin or toroid. Moreover, the chain stiffness can also affect the
nature of the coil-globule transition. The transition is occurred in a discrete
manner for semiflexible chain, whereas in a continuous way for flexible chain.
This discrete feature is happened not only at low salt concentration when a
semiflexible chain is collapsed, but also at high salt concentration when the
collapsed chain is reexpanded. At the end, the effects of chain stiffness and
salt concentration on the conformation of single polyelectrolytes are
summarized in a schematic state diagram.


title:
Dynamic User-Defined Similarity Searching in Semi-Structured Text
  Retrieval

abstract:
  Modern text retrieval systems often provide a similarity search utility, that
allows the user to find efficiently a fixed number k of documents in the data
set that are most similar to a given query (here a query is either a simple
sequence of keywords or the identifier of a full document found in previous
searches that is considered of interest). We consider the case of a textual
database made of semi-structured documents. Each field, in turns, is modelled
with a specific vector space. The problem is more complex when we also allow
each such vector space to have an associated user-defined dynamic weight that
influences its contribution to the overall dynamic aggregated and weighted
similarity. This dynamic problem has been tackled in a recent paper by
Singitham et al. in in VLDB 2004. Their proposed solution, which we take as
baseline, is a variant of the cluster-pruning technique that has the potential
for scaling to very large corpora of documents, and is far more efficient than
the naive exhaustive search. We devise an alternative way of embedding weights
in the data structure, coupled with a non-trivial application of a clustering
algorithm based on the furthest point first heuristic for the metric k-center
problem. The validity of our approach is demonstrated experimentally by showing
significant performance improvements over the scheme proposed in Singitham et
al. in VLDB 2004. We improve significantly tradeoffs between query time and
output quality with respect to the baseline method in Singitham et al. in in
VLDB 2004, and also with respect to a novel method by Chierichetti et al. to
appear in ACM PODS 2007. We also speed up the pre-processing time by a factor
at least thirty.


title:
Dynamical Response of Networks under External Perturbations: Exact
  Results

abstract:
  We introduce and solve a general model of dynamic response under external
perturbations. This model captures a wide range of systems out of equilibrium
including Ising models of physical systems, social opinions, and population
genetics. The distribution of states under perturbation and relaxation process
reflects two regimes -- one driven by the external perturbation, and one driven
by internal ordering. These regimes parallel the disordered and ordered regimes
of equilibrium physical systems driven by thermal perturbations but here are
shown to be relevant for non-thermal and non-equilibrium external influences on
complex biological and social systems. We extend our results to a wide range of
network topologies by introducing an effective strength of external
perturbation by analytic mean-field approximation. Simulations show this
generalization is remarkably accurate for many topologies of current interest
in describing real systems.


title: Nested quantum Dyck paths and nabla(s_lambda)

abstract:
  We conjecture a combinatorial formula for the monomial expansion of the image
of any Schur function under the Bergeron-Garsia nabla operator. The formula
involves nested labeled Dyck paths weighted by area and a suitable "diagonal
inversion" statistic. Our model includes as special cases many previous
conjectures connecting the nabla operator to quantum lattice paths. The
combinatorics of the inverse Kostka matrix leads to an elementary proof of our
proposed formula when q=1. We also outline a possible approach for proving all
the extant nabla conjectures that reduces everything to the construction of
sign-reversing involutions on explicit collections of signed, weighted objects.


title:
Nonlinear Realization of the Local Conform-Affine Symmetry Group for
  Gravity in the Composite Fiber Bundle Formalism

abstract:
  A gauge theory of gravity based on a nonlinear realization (NLR) of the local
Conform-Affine (CA) group of symmetry transformations is presented. The coframe
fields and gauge connections of the theory are obtained. The tetrads and
Lorentz group metric are used to induce a spacetime metric. The inhomogenously
transforming (under the Lorentz group) connection coefficients serve as
gravitational gauge potentials used to define covariant derivatives
accommodating minimal coupling of matter and gauge fields. On the other hand,
the tensor valued connection forms serve as auxillary dynamical fields
associated with the dilation, special conformal and deformational (shear)
degrees of freedom inherent in the bundle manifold. The bundle curvature of the
theory is determined. Boundary topological invariants are constructed. They
serve as a prototype (source free) gravitational Lagrangian. The Bianchi
identities, covariant field equations and gauge currents are obtained.


title:
Position and velocity space diffusion of test particles in stochastic
  electromagnetic fields

abstract:
  The two--dimensional diffusive dynamics of test particles in a random
electromagnetic field is studied. The synthetic electromagnetic fluctuations
are generated through randomly placed magnetised ``clouds'' oscillating with a
frequency $\omega$. We investigate the mean square displacements of particles
in both position and velocity spaces. As $\omega$ increases the particles
undergo standard (Brownian--like) motion, anomalous diffusion and ballistic
motion in position space. Although in general the diffusion properties in
velocity space are not trivially related to those in position space, we find
that energization is present only when particles display anomalous diffusion in
position space. The anomalous character of the diffusion is only in the
non--standard values of the scaling exponents while the process is Gaussian.


title:
Photometry of the dwarf nova AW Sagittae during the 2006 November
  superoutburst

abstract:
  During 2006 November an outburst of the dwarf nova AW Sge was observed using
CCD photometry. This revealed 0.25 magnitude superhumps confirming it to be a
superoutburst, possibly only the second confirmed such outburst of this star.
The superhumps were observed for 4 days and had a stable period Psh =
0.0745(2)d, a value which is consistent with Psh measured during the 2000
superoutburst.


title: Modifying quantum walks: A scattering theory approach

abstract:
  We show how to construct discrete-time quantum walks on directed, Eulerian
graphs. These graphs have tails on which the particle making the walk
propagates freely, and this makes it possible to analyze the walks in terms of
scattering theory. The probability of entering a graph from one tail and
leaving from another can be found from the scattering matrix of the graph. We
show how the scattering matrix of a graph that is an automorphic image of the
original is related to the scattering matrix of the original graph, and we show
how the scattering matrix of the reverse graph is related to that of the
original graph. Modifications of graphs and the effects of these modifications
are then considered. In particular we show how the scattering matrix of a graph
is changed if we remove two tails and replace them with an edge or cut an edge
and add two tails. This allows us to combine graphs, that is if we connect two
graphs we can construct the scattering matrix of the combined graph from those
of its parts. Finally, using these techniques, we show how two graphs can be
compared by constructing a larger larger graph in which the two original graphs
are in parallel, and performing a quantum walk on the larger graph. This is a
kind of quantum walk interferometry.


title:
Contractions and deformations of quasi-classical Lie algebras preserving
  a non-degenerate quadratic Casimir operator

abstract:
  By means of contractions of Lie algebras, we obtain new classes of
indecomposable quasi-classical Lie algebras that satisfy the Yang-Baxter
equations in its reformulation in terms of triple products. These algebras are
shown to arise naturally from non-compact real simple algebras with non-simple
complexification, where we impose that a non-degenerate quadratic Casimir
operator is preserved by the limiting process. We further consider the converse
problem, and obtain sufficient conditions on integrable cocycles of
quasi-classical Lie algebras in order to preserve non-degenerate quadratic
Casimir operators by the associated linear deformations.


title:
The Mira variable S Ori: Relationships between the photosphere,
  molecular layer, dust shell, and SiO maser shell at 4 epochs

abstract:
  We present the first multi-epoch study that includes concurrent mid-infrared
and radio interferometry of an oxygen-rich Mira star. We obtained mid-infrared
interferometry of S Ori with VLTI/MIDI at four epochs between December 2004 and
December 2005. We concurrently observed v=1, J=1-0 (43.1 GHz), and v=2, J=1-0
(42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward S Ori with the VLBA at three epochs. The
MIDI data are analyzed using self-excited dynamic model atmospheres including
molecular layers, complemented by a radiative transfer model of the
circumstellar dust shell. The VLBA data are reduced to the spatial structure
and kinematics of the maser spots. The modeling of our MIDI data results in
phase-dependent continuum photospheric angular diameters between about 7.9 mas
(Phase 0.55) and 9.7 mas (Phase 1.16). The dust shell can best be modeled with
Al2O3 grains using phase-dependent inner boundary radii between 1.8 and 2.4
photospheric radii. The dust shell appears to be more compact with greater
optical depth near visual minimum, and more extended with lower optical depth
after visual maximum. The ratios of the SiO maser ring radii to the
photospheric radii are between about 1.9 and 2.4. The maser spots mark the
region of the molecular atmospheric layers just beyond the steepest decrease in
the mid-infrared model intensity profile. Their velocity structure indicates a
radial gas expansion. Al2O3 dust grains and SiO maser spots form at relatively
small radii of 1.8-2.4 photospheric radii. Our results suggest increased mass
loss and dust formation close to the surface near the minimum visual phase,
when Al2O3 dust grains are co-located with the molecular gas and the SiO maser
shells, and a more expanded dust shell after visual maximum. Silicon does not
appear to be bound in dust, as our data show no sign of silicate grains.


title:
Illumination-induced changes of the Fermi surface topology in
  three-dimensional superlattices

abstract:
  The magnetoresistance of the MBE-grown GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice with Si-doped
barriers has been measured in tilted magnetic fields in the as-grown state, and
after brief illumination by a red-light diode at low temperature, T is
approximately 0.3 K. A remarkable illumination-induced modification of
magnetoresistance curves has been observed, which indicates a significant
change of the superlattice Fermi surface topology. Analysis of
magnetoresistance data in terms of the tight-binding model reveals that not
only electron concentration and mobility have been increased by illumination,
but also the coupling among 2D electron layers in neighboring quantum wells has
been reduced.


title:
Observations of the first confirmed superoutburst of SDSS
  J080434.20+510349.2 in 2006 March

abstract:
  During 2006 March the first confirmed superoutburst of the dwarf nova SDSS
J080434.20+510349.2 was observed using unfiltered CCD photometry. Time-series
photometry revealed superhumps with a period of 0.0597 +/- 0.0011 d and an
amplitude of 0.2 magnitude, thereby independently establishing its UGSU
classification. Following the decline from a peak magnitude of 13.1, at least
two rebrightening events were observed. Evidence is presented which is
consistent with the star being a member of the UGWZ sub-class.


title: The Physics Case for the New Muon (g-2) Experiment

abstract:
  This White Paper briefly reviews the present status of the muon (g-2)
experiment and the physics motivation for a new effort. The present comparison
between experiment and theory indicates a tantalizing $3.4 \sigma$ deviation.
An improvement in precision on this comparison by a factor of 2--with the
central value remaining unchanged--will exceed the ``discovery'' threshold,
with a sensitivity above $6 \sigma$. The 2.5-fold reduction improvement goal of
the new Brookhaven E969 experiment, along with continued steady reduction of
the standard model theory uncertainty, will achieve this more definitive test.
  Already, the (g-2) result is arguably the most compelling indicator of
physics beyond the standard model and, at the very least, it represents a major
constraint for speculative new theories such as supersymmetry or extra
dimensions. In this report, we summarize the present experimental status and
provide an up-to-date accounting of the standard model theory, including the
expectations for improvement in the hadronic contributions, which dominate the
overall uncertainty. Our primary focus is on the physics case that motivates
improved experimental and theoretical efforts. Accordingly, we give examples of
specific new-physics implications in the context of direct searches at the LHC
as well as general arguments about the role of an improved (g-2) measurement. A
brief summary of the plans for an upgraded effort complete the report.


title: An Improved Tight Closure Algorithm for Integer Octagonal Constraints

abstract:
  Integer octagonal constraints (a.k.a. ``Unit Two Variables Per Inequality''
or ``UTVPI integer constraints'') constitute an interesting class of
constraints for the representation and solution of integer problems in the
fields of constraint programming and formal analysis and verification of
software and hardware systems, since they couple algorithms having polynomial
complexity with a relatively good expressive power. The main algorithms
required for the manipulation of such constraints are the satisfiability check
and the computation of the inferential closure of a set of constraints. The
latter is called `tight' closure to mark the difference with the (incomplete)
closure algorithm that does not exploit the integrality of the variables. In
this paper we present and fully justify an O(n^3) algorithm to compute the
tight closure of a set of UTVPI integer constraints.


title: On the Small Ball Inequality in All Dimensions

abstract:
  Let h_R denote an L ^{\infty} normalized Haar function adapted to a dyadic
rectangle R contained in the unit cube in dimension d. We establish a
non-trivial lower bound on the L^{\infty} norm of the `hyperbolic' sums $$ \sum
_{|R|=2 ^{-n}} \alpha(R) h_R (x) $$ The lower bound is non-trivial in that we
improve the average case bound by n^{\eta} for some positive \eta, a function
of dimension d. As far as the authors know, this is the first result of this
type in dimension 4 and higher.
  This question is related to Conjectures in (1) Irregularity of Distributions,
(2) Approximation Theory and (3) Probability Theory. The method of proof of
this paper gives new results on these conjectures in all dimensions 4 and
higher.
  This paper builds upon prior work of Jozef Beck, from 1989, and first two
authors from 2006. These results were of the same nature, but only in dimension
3.


title:
Universal Expression for the Lowest Excitation Energy of Natural Parity
  Even Multipole States

abstract:
  We present a new expression for the energy of the lowest collective states in
even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. Our empirical formula is
extremely valid and holds universally for all of the natural parity even
multipole states. This formula depends only on the mass number and the valence
nucleon numbers with six parameters. These parameters are determined easily and
unambiguously from the data for each multipole state. We discuss the validity
of our empirical formula by comparing our results with those of other studies
and also by estimating the average and the dispersion of the logarithmic errors
of the calculated excitation energies with respect to the measured ones.


title:
Further evidence for intra-night optical variability of radio-quiet
  quasars

abstract:
  Although well established for BL Lac objects and radio-loud quasars, the
occurrence of intra-night optical variability (INOV) in radio-quiet quasars is
still debated, primarily since only a handful of INOV events with good
statistical significance, albeit small amplitude, have been reported so far.
This has motivated us to continue intra-night optical monitoring of bona-fide
radio-quiet quasars (RQQs). Here we present the results for a sample of 11 RQQs
monitored by us on 19 nights. On 5 of these nights a given RQQ was monitored
simultaneously from two well separated observatories. In all, two clear cases
and two probable case of INOV were detected. From these data, we estimate an
INOV duty cycle of $\sim$8% for RQQs which would increase to 19% if the
`probable variable' cases are also included. Such comparatively small INOV duty
cycles for RQQs, together with the small INOV amplitudes ($\sim$1%), are in
accord with the previously deduced characteristics of this phenomenon.


title:
A Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of faint Galactic satellites:
  searching for the least massive dwarf galaxies

abstract:
  [abridged] We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the recently
discovered faint Milky Way satellites Boo, UMaI, UMaII and Wil1. Using the
DEIMOS spectrograph on Keck, we have obtained samples that contain from 15 to
85 probable members of these satellites for which we derive radial velocities
precise to a few km/s down to i~21-22. About half of these stars are observed
with a high enough S/N to estimate their metallicity to within \pm0.2 dex. From
this dataset, we show that UMaII is the only object that does not show a clear
radial velocity peak. However, the measured systemic radial velocity
(v_r=115\pm5 km/s) is in good agreement with recent simulations in which this
object is the progenitor of the recently discovered Orphan Stream. The three
other satellites show velocity dispersions that make them highly dark-matter
dominated systems. In particular the Willman 1 object is not a globular cluster
given its metallicity scatter over -2.0<[Fe/H]<-1.0 and is therefore almost
certainly a dwarf galaxy or dwarf galaxy remnant. We measure a radial velocity
dispersion of only 4.3_{-1.3}^{+2.3} km/s around a systemic velocity of
-12.3\pm2.3 km/s which implies a mass-to-light ratio of ~700 and a total mass
of ~5x10^5 Msun for this satellite, making it the least massive satellite
galaxy known to date. Such a low mass could mean that the 10^7 Msun limit that
had until now never been crossed for Milky Way and Andromeda satellite galaxies
may only be an observational limit and that fainter, less massive systems exist
within the Local Group. However, more modeling and an extended search for
potential extra-tidal stars are required to rule out the possibility that these
systems have not been significantly heated by tidal interaction.


title: Profiling Young Massive Stars

abstract:
  We present the results of spectral energy distribution analysis for 162 of
the 405 sources reported in the SIMBA survey of Hill et al. (2005). The fits
reveal source specific parameters including: the luminosity, mass, temperature,
H$_2$ number density, the surface density and the luminosity-to-mass ratio.
Each of these parameters are examined with respect to the four classes of
source present in the sample. Obvious luminosity and temperature distinctions
exist between the mm-only cores and those cores with methanol maser and/or
radio continuum emission, with the former cooler and less luminous than the
latter. The evidence suggests that the mm-only cores are a precursor to the
methanol maser in the formation of massive stars. The mm-only cores comprise
two distinct populations distinguished by temperature. Analysis and conclusions
about the nature of the cool-mm and warm-mm cores comprising the mm-only
population are drawn.


title:
Topological susceptibility in Yang-Mills theory in the vacuum correlator
  method

abstract:
  We calculate the topological susceptibility of the Yang-Mills vacuum using
the field correlator method. Our estimate for the SU(3) gauge group, \chi^{1/4}
= 196(7) MeV, is in a very good agreement with the results of recent numerical
simulations of the Yang-Mills theory on the lattice.


title: Hadronic Final States and Spectroscopy in ep Collisions at HERA

abstract:
  Recent results on spectroscopy and the measurement of hadronic final states
in ep collisions from the H1 and ZEUS collaborations are presented using data
sets with an integrated luminosity between 44 and 121 pb^-1 collected during
the HERA I running period. Besides a search for resonant states which could be
interpreted as pentaquarks, a study of charged particle momentum spectra in the
Breit frame and a measurement of neutral strange hadron production is shown.
Furthermore two recent measurements of prompt photons are presented and
compared with pQCD calculations. The measurements are performed in
photoproduction with a four-momentum transfer squared Q^2\sim 0 GeV^2 or in
deep inelastic scattering at Q^2>1 GeV^2.


title: New Enhanced Chaotic Number Generators

abstract:
  We introduce new families of enhanced chaotic number generators in order to
compute very fast long series of pseudorandom numbers. The key feature of these
generators being the use of chaotic numbers themselves for sampling chaotic
subsequence of chaotic numbers in order to hide the generating function. We
explore numerically the properties of these new families and underline their
very high qualities and usefulness as CPRNG when series are computed up to 10
trillions iterations.


title:
Relativistic Multiple Scattering Theory and the Relativistic Impulse
  Approximation

abstract:
  It is shown that a relativistic multiple scattering theory for hadron-nucleus
scattering can be consistently formulated in four-dimensions in the context of
meson exchange. We give a multiple scattering series for the optical potential
and discuss the differences between the relativistic and non-relativistic
versions. We develop the relativistic multiple scattering series by separating
out the one boson exchange term from the rest of the Feynman series. However
this particular separation is not absolutely necessary and we discuss how to
include other terms. We then show how to make a three-dimensional reduction for
hadron-nucleus scattering calculations and we find that the relative energy
prescription used in the elastic scattering equation should be consistent with
the one used in the free two-body t-matrix involved in the optical potential.
We also discuss what assumptions are involved in making a Dirac Relativistic
Impulse Approximation (RIA).


title: Blackbody radiation in \kappa-Minkowski spacetime

abstract:
  We have computed the black body radiation spectra in $\kappa-$Minkowski
space-time, using the quantum mechanical picture of massless scalar particles
as well as effective quantum field theory picture. The black body radiation
depends on how the field theory (and thus how the $\kappa-$Poincar\'e algebra)
handles the ordering effect of the noncommutative space-time. In addition,
there exists a natural momentum cut-off of the order $\kappa$, beyond which a
new real mode takes its shape from a complex mode and the old real mode flows
out to be a new complex mode. However, the new high momentum real mode should
not be physical since its contributions to the black-body radiation spoils the
commutative limit.


title:
Measurement of Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries for Di-Jet Production
  in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV

abstract:
  We report the first measurement of the opening angle distribution between
pairs of jets produced in high-energy collisions of transversely polarized
protons. The measurement probes (Sivers) correlations between the transverse
spin orientation of a proton and the transverse momentum directions of its
partons. With both beams polarized, the wide pseudorapidity ($-1 \leq \eta \leq
+2$) coverage for jets permits separation of Sivers functions for the valence
and sea regions. The resulting asymmetries are all consistent with zero and
considerably smaller than Sivers effects observed in semi-inclusive deep
inelastic scattering (SIDIS). We discuss theoretical attempts to reconcile the
new results with the sizable transverse spin effects seen in SIDIS and forward
hadron production in pp collisions.


title:
Y a-t-il \'elimination d'Eupelmus orientalis Crawford par Eupelmus
  vuilleti Crawford (Hymenoptera : Eupelmidae) des syst\`emes de stockage du
  ni\'eb\'e (Vigna unguiculata Walp) ?

abstract:
  Ni\'eb\'e is a food leguminous plant cultivated in tropical Africa for its
seeds rich in proteins. The main problem setted by its production is the
conservation of harvests. In the fields as in the stocks, the seeds are
destroyed by pests (bruchids). These bruchids are always associated with
several entomophagous species of hymenoptera. Four entomophagous species were
listed : an egg parasitoid (U lariophaga Stephan), and three solitary larval
and pupal ectoparasitoids (D. Basalis Rondoni, Pteromalidae; E. vuilleti
Crawford and E. orientalis Crawford, Eupelmidae). The survey of the populations
shows that at the beginning of storage, E orientalis is the most abundant
specie (72 %) whereas E. vuilleti and D. Basalis respectively represent 12 %
and 16 % of the hymenoptera. During storage, the E orientalis population
decreases gradually and it disappears completely in less than two months after
the beginning of storage. E. Vuilleti population becomes gradually more
important than D. basalis population which regress until less than 10 % of the
emerging parasitoids. E vuilleti adopts ovicide and larvicide behaviour against
D. Basalis. This behaviour explains its population regression inside granaries.
If the aggressive behaviour of this Eupelmidae is a constant, that could also
explain the disappearance of E orientalis. However if this species is
maintained in stocks, it would be an effective control agent of bruchids
according to their parasitic capacities. This study shows that ovicide and
larvicide behaviour of E vuilleti is not expressed against E orientalis. When
the females have exclusively the hosts already parasitized by E orientalis,
they do not lay eggs. The disappearance of E orientalis could not thus be
explained by the presence of E. vuilleti.


title:
Mach-Zehnder Interferometry at the Heisenberg Limit with coherent and
  squeezed-vacuum light

abstract:
  We show that the phase sensitivity $\Delta \theta$ of a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer fed by a coherent state in one input port and squeezed-vacuum in
the other one is i) independent from the true value of the phase shift and ii)
can reach the Heisenberg limit $\Delta \theta \sim 1/N_T$, where $N_T$ is the
average number of particles of the input states. We also show that the
Cramer-Rao lower bound, $\Delta \theta \propto 1/ \sqrt{|\alpha|^2 e^{2r} +
\sinh^2r}$, can be saturated for arbitrary values of the squeezing parameter
$r$ and the amplitude of the coherent mode $|\alpha|$ by a Bayesian phase
inference protocol.


title:
Unplugging the Universe: the neglected electromagnetic consequence of
  decoupling

abstract:
  This letter concentrates on the non-equilibrium evolution of magnetic field
structures at the onset of recombination, when the charged particle current
densities decay as neutrals are formed.
  We consider the effect that a decaying magnetic flux has on the acceleration
of particles via the transient induced electric field. Since the residual
charged-particle number density is small as a result of decoupling, we shall
consider the magnetic and electric fields essentially to be imposed, neglecting
the feedback from any minority accelerated population.
  We find that the electromagnetic treatment of this phase transition can
produce energetic electrons scattered throughout the Universe. Such particles
could have a significant effect on cosmic evolution in several ways: (i) their
presence could delay the effective end of the recombination era; (ii) they
could give rise to plasma concentrations that could enhance early gravitational
collapse of matter by opposing cosmic expansion to a greater degree than
neutral matter could; (iii) they could continue to be accelerated, and become
the seed for reionisation at the later epoch $z \approx 10$.


title: Galaxy merging in MOND

abstract:
  We present the results of N-body simulations of dissipationless galaxy
merging in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). For comparison, we also studied
Newtonian merging between galaxies embedded in dark matter halos, with internal
dynamics equivalent to the MOND systems. We found that the merging timescales
are significantly longer in MOND than in Newtonian gravity with dark matter,
suggesting that observational evidence of rapid merging could be difficult to
explain in MOND. However, when two galaxies eventually merge, the MOND merging
end-product is hardly distinguishable from the final stellar distribution of an
equivalent Newtonian merger with dark matter.


title:
Selective control of the apoptosis signaling network in heterogeneous
  cell populations

abstract:
  Selective control in a population is the ability to control a member of the
population while leaving the other members relatively unaffected. The concept
of selective control is developed using cell death or apoptosis in
heterogeneous cell populations as an example. Apoptosis signaling in
heterogeneous cells is described by an ensemble of gene networks with identical
topology but different link strengths. Selective control depends on the
statistics of signaling in the ensemble of networks and we analyse the effects
of superposition, non-linearity and feedback on these statistics. Parallel
pathways promote normal statistics while series pathways promote skew
distributions which in the most extreme cases become log-normal. We also show
that feedback and non-linearity can produce bimodal signaling statistics, as
can discreteness and non-linearity. Two methods for optimizing selective
control are presented. The first is an exhaustive search method and the second
is a linear programming based approach. Though control of a single gene in the
signaling network yields little selectivity, control of a few genes typically
yields higher levels of selectivity. The statistics of gene combinations
susceptible to selective control is studied and is used to identify general
control strategies. We found that selectivity is promoted by acting on the
least sensitive nodes in the case of weak populations, while selective control
of robust populations is optimized through perturbations of more sensitive
nodes. High throughput experiments with heterogeneous cell lines could be
designed in an analogous manner, with the further possibility of incorporating
the selectivity optimization process into a closed-loop control system.


title:
Relationship between cellular response and behavioral variability in
  bacterial chemotaxis

abstract:
  Bacterial chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a canonical system for the study
of signal transduction. A remarkable feature of this system is the coexistence
of precise adaptation in population with large fluctuating cellular behavior in
single cells (Korobkova et al. 2004, Nature, 428, 574). Using a stochastic
model, we found that the large behavioral variability experimentally observed
in non-stimulated cells is a direct consequence of the architecture of this
adaptive system. Reversible covalent modification cycles, in which methylation
and demethylation reactions antagonistically regulate the activity of
receptor-kinase complexes, operate outside the region of first-order kinetics.
As a result, the receptor-kinase that governs cellular behavior exhibits a
sigmoidal activation curve. This curve simultaneously amplifies the inherent
stochastic fluctuations in the system and lengthens the relaxation time in
response to stimulus. Because stochastic fluctuations cause large behavioral
variability and the relaxation time governs the average duration of runs in
response to small stimuli, cells with the greatest fluctuating behavior also
display the largest chemotactic response. Finally, Large-scale simulations of
digital bacteria suggest that the chemotaxis network is tuned to simultaneously
optimize the random spread of cells in absence of nutrients and the cellular
response to gradients of attractant.


title:
X-ray Microdiffraction Images of Antiferromagnetic Domain Evolution in
  Chromium

abstract:
  Magnetic x-ray diffraction combined with x-ray focusing optics is used to
image individual antiferromagnetic spin density wave domains in a chromium
single crystal at the micron scale. The cross section for non-resonant magnetic
x-ray scattering depends on the antiferromagnetic modulation vector and spin
polarization direction and allows these quantities to be extracted
independently. The technique is used to show that the broadening of the
nominally first order "spin-flip" transition at 123 K, at which the spins
rotate by 90 deg., originates at the walls between domains with orthogonal
modulation vectors. During cooling the transition begins at these walls and
progresses inwards. The modulation-vector domains are themselves unchanged.


title: Non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering involving excitonic excitations

abstract:
  In a recent publication Larson \textit{et al.} reported remarkably clear
$d$-$d$ excitations for NiO and CoO measured with x-ray energies well below the
transition metal $K$ edge. In this letter we demonstrate that we can obtain an
accurate quantitative description based on a local many body approach. We find
that the magnitude of $\vec{q}$ can be tuned for maximum sensitivity for
dipole, quadrupole, etc. excitations. We also find that the direction of
$\vec{q}$ with respect to the crystal axes can be used as an equivalent to
polarization similar to electron energy loss spectroscopy, allowing for a
determination of the local symmetry of the initial and final state based on
selection rules. This method is more generally applicable and combined with the
high resolution available, could be a powerful tool for the study of local
distortions and symmetries in transition metal compounds including also buried
interfaces.


title: Time in Quantum Theory

abstract:
  The concept of time as used in various applications and interpretations of
quantum theory is briefly reviewed.


title: New Invariants of Long Virtual Knots

abstract:
  This paper extends the construction of invariants for virtual knots to
virtual long knots and introduces two new invariant modules of virtual long
knots. Several interesting features are described that distinguish virtual long
knots from their classical counterparts with respect to their symmetries and
the concatenation product.


title:
On the values of integrals with the variable taken from $x=0$ to
  $x=\infty$

abstract:
  This is a translation from the Latin original, "De valoribus integralium a
termino variabilis x=0 usque ad x=infinity extensorum" (1781). This is E675 in
the Enestrom index. Euler wants to find the location of the end point of a
clothoid, a type of spiral. He proves some general results about the gamma
function.


title:
Equations of general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics in Kerr
  space-time

abstract:
  Equations of fully general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics in Kerr
space-time are derived. While the interactions between matter and radiation are
introduced in the comoving frame, the derivatives used when describing the
global evolutions of both the matter and the radiation are given in the
Boyer-Lindquist frame (BLF) which is a frame fixed to the coordinate describing
the central black hole. Around a rotating black hole, both the matter and the
radiation are influenced by the frame-dragging effects due to the black hole's
rotation. As a fixed frame, we use the locally non-rotating reference frame
(LNRF) which is one of the orthonormal frame. While the special relativistic
effects such as beaming effects are introduced by the Lorentz transformation
connecting the comoving frame and the LNRF, the general relativistic effects
such as frame-dragging and gravitational redshift are introduced by the tetrads
connecting the LNRF and the BLF.


title: Reversing Renormalization-Group Flows with AdS/CFT

abstract:
  For scalar fields in AdS with masses slightly above the
Breitenlohner-Freedman bound, appropriate non-local boundary conditions can
define a unitary theory. Such boundary conditions correspond to non-local
deformations of the dual CFT, and generate a non-local renormalization-group
flow. Nevertheless, a bulk analysis suggests that certain such flows lead to
local CFTs in the infra-red. Since the flows are non-local, they can either
increase or decrease the central charge of the CFT. In fact, given any local
renormalization-group flow within a certain general class which leads from a UV
theory (CFT_1) to an IR theory (CFT_2), we show that one can find such a
non-local flow in which the endpoints are interchanged: the non-local theory
flows from CFT_2 in the IR to CFT_1 in the UV. We work at large N, but the
flows we consider involve quantum field effects in the bulk, corresponding to
1/N corrections in the dual theory.


title: The Supernova Channel of Super-AGB Stars

abstract:
  We study the late evolution of solar metallicity stars in the transition
region between white dwarf formation and core collapse. This includes the
super-asymptotic giant branch (super-AGB, SAGB) stars, which have massive
enough cores to ignite carbon burning and form an oxygen-neon (ONe) core. The
most massive SAGB stars have cores that may grow to the Chandrasekhar mass
because of continued shell-burning. Their cores collapse, triggering a so
called electron capture supernovae (ECSN). From stellar evolution models we
find that the initial mass range for SAGB evolution is 7.5 ... 9.25\msun. We
perform calculations with three different stellar evolution codes to
investigate the sensitivity of this mass range to some of the uncertainties in
current stellar models. The mass range significantly depends on the treatment
of semiconvective mixing and convective overshooting. To consider the effect of
a large number of thermal pulses, as expected in SAGB stars, we construct
synthetic SAGB models that include a semi-analytical treatment of dredge-up,
hot-bottom burning, and thermal pulse properties. This synthetic model enables
us to compute the evolution of the main properties of SAGB stars from the onset
of thermal pulses until the core reaches the Chandrasekhar mass or is uncovered
by the stellar wind. Thereby, we determine the stellar initial mass ranges that
produce ONe-white dwarfs and electron-capture supernovae. The latter is found
to be 9.0 ... 9.25\msun for our fiducial model, implying that electron-capture
supernovae would constitute about 4% of all supernovae in the local universe.
Our synthetic approach allows us to explore the uncertainty of this number
imposed by uncertainties in the third dredge-up efficiency and ABG mass loss
rate. We find for ECSNe a upper limit of ~20% of all supernovae (abridged).


title:
Scalar-tensor cosmology at the general relativity limit: Jordan vs
  Einstein frame

abstract:
  We consider the correspondence between the Jordan frame and the Einstein
frame descriptions of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation. We argue that since
the redefinition of the scalar field is not differentiable at the limit of
general relativity the correspondence between the two frames is lost at this
limit. To clarify the situation we analyse the dynamics of the scalar field in
different frames for two distinct scalar-tensor cosmologies with specific
coupling functions and demonstrate that the corresponding scalar field phase
portraits are not equivalent for regions containing the general relativity
limit. Therefore the answer to the question whether general relativity is an
attractor for the theory depends on the choice of the frame.


title: Bound for entropy and viscosity ratio for strange quark matter

abstract:
  High energy density ($\eps$) and temperature (T) links general relativity and
hydrodynamics leading to a lower bound for the ratio of shear viscosity
($\eta$) and entropy density ($s$). We get the interesting result that the
bound is saturated in the simple model for quark matter that we use for strange
stars at the surface for $T \sim 80 MeV$. At this $T$ we have the possibility
of cosmic separation of phases. At the surface of the star where the pressure
is zero - the density $\eps$ has a fixed value for all stars of various masses
with correspondingly varying central energy density $\eps_c$. Inside the star
where this density is higher, the ratio of $\eta/s$ is larger and are like the
known results found for perturbative QCD. This serves as a check of our
calculation. The deconfined quarks at the surface of the strange star at $T =
80 MeV$ seem to constitute the most perfect interacting fluid permitted by
nature.


title: Self-propelled particles with fluctuating speed and direction of motion

abstract:
  We study general aspects of active motion with fluctuations in the speed and
the direction of motion in two dimensions. We consider the case in which
fluctuations in the speed are not correlated to fluctuations in the direction
of motion, and assume that both processes can be described by independent
characteristic time-scales. We show the occurrence of a complex transient that
can exhibit a series of alternating regimes of motion, for two different
angular dynamics which correspond to persistent and directed random walks. We
also show additive corrections to the diffusion coefficient. The characteristic
time-scales are also exposed in the velocity autocorrelation, which is a sum of
exponential forms.


title:
Bell's inequality and universal quantum gates in a cold atom chiral
  fermionic p-wave superfluid

abstract:
  We propose and analyze a probabilistic scheme to entangle two spatially
separated topological qubits in a $p_{x}+ip_{y}$ superfluid using controlled
collisions between atoms in movable dipole traps and unpaired atoms inside
vortex cores in the superfluid. We discuss how to test the violation of Bell's
inequality with the generated entanglement. A set of universal quantum gates is
shown to be implementable \textit{deterministically} using the entanglement
despite the fact that the entangled states can only be created
probabilistically.


title: New trends in modern event generators

abstract:
  Some features of modern simulation tools for high-energy physics are
reviewed.


title: Boundary cross theorem in dimension 1 with singularities

abstract:
  Let $D$ and $G$ be copies of the open unit disc in $\C,$ let
  $A$ (resp. $B$) be a measurable subset of $\partial D$ (resp.
  $\partial G$), let $W$ be the 2-fold cross $\big((D\cup A)\times B\big)\cup
\big(A\times(B\cup G)\big),$ and let $M$ be a relatively closed subset of $W.$
Suppose in addition that $A$ and $B$ are of positive one-dimensional Lebesgue
measure and that $M$ is fiberwise polar (resp. fiberwise discrete) and that
$M\cap (A\times B)=\varnothing.$ We determine the "envelope of holomorphy"
$\hat{W\setminus M}$ of $W\setminus M$ in the sense that any function locally
bounded on $W\setminus M,$ measurable on $A\times B,$ and separately
holomorphic on $\big((A\times G) \cup (D\times B)\big)\setminus M$ "extends" to
a function holomorphic on $\hat{W\setminus M}.$


title: Tight bounds on the concurrence of quantum superpositions

abstract:
  The entanglement content of superpositions of quantum states is investigated
based on a measure called {\it concurrence}. Given a bipartite pure state in
arbitrary dimension written as the quantum superposition of two other such
states, we find simple inequalities relating the concurrence of the state to
that of its components. We derive an exact expression for the concurrence when
the component states are biorthogonal, and provide elegant upper and lower
bounds in all other cases. For quantum bits, our upper bound is tighter than
the previously derived bound in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 100502 (2006).]


title: CO+ in M 82: A Consequence of Irradiation by X-rays

abstract:
  Based on its strong CO+ emission it is argued that the M 82 star-burst galaxy
is exposed to a combination of FUV and X-ray radiation. The latter is likely to
be the result of the star-burst superwind, which leads to diffuse thermal
emission at ~0.7 keV, and a compact hard, 2-10 keV, source (but not an AGN).
Although a photon-dominated region (FUV) component is clearly present in the
nucleus of M 82, and capable of forming CO+, only X-ray irradiated gas of
density 10^3-10^5 cm^-3 can reproduce the large, ~(1-4)x10^13 cm^-2, columns of
CO+ that are observed toward the proto-typical star-burst M 82. The total X-ray
luminosity produced by M 82 is weak, ~10^41 erg s^-1, but this is sufficient to
drive the formation of CO+.


title: A real Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction

abstract:
  Many condensed matter systems are such that their collective excitations at
low energies can be described by fields satisfying equations of motion formally
indistinguishable from those of relativistic field theory. The finite speed of
propagation of the disturbances in the effective fields (in the simplest
models, the speed of sound) plays here the role of the speed of light in
fundamental physics. However, these apparently relativistic fields are immersed
in an external Newtonian world (the condensed matter system itself and the
laboratory can be considered Newtonian, since all the velocities involved are
much smaller than the velocity of light) which provides a privileged coordinate
system and therefore seems to destroy the possibility of having a perfectly
defined relativistic emergent world. In this essay we ask ourselves the
following question: In a homogeneous condensed matter medium, is there a way
for internal observers, dealing exclusively with the low-energy collective
phenomena, to detect their state of uniform motion with respect to the medium?
By proposing a thought experiment based on the construction of a
Michelson-Morley interferometer made of quasi-particles, we show that a real
Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction takes place, so that internal observers are
unable to find out anything about their `absolute ' state of motion. Therefore,
we also show that an effective but perfectly defined relativistic world can
emerge in a fishbowl world situated inside a Newtonian (laboratory) system.
This leads us to reflect on the various levels of description in physics, in
particular regarding the quest towards a theory of quantum gravity.


title:
Modelling strong interactions and longitudinally polarized vector boson
  scattering

abstract:
  We study scattering of the electroweak gauge bosons in 5D warped models.
Within two different models we determine the precise manner in which the Higgs
boson and the vector resonances ensure the unitarity of longitudinal vector
boson scattering. We identify three separate scales that determine the dynamics
of the scattering process in all cases. For a quite general background geometry
of 5D, these scales can be linked to a simple functional of the warp factor.
The models smoothly interpolate between a `composite' Higgs limit and a
Higgsless limit. By holographic arguments, these models provide an effective
description of vector boson scattering in 4D models with a strongly coupled
electroweak breaking sector.


title:
Local Area Damage Detection in Composite Structures Using Piezoelectric
  Transducers

abstract:
  An integrated and automated smart structures approach for structural health
monitoring is presented, utilizing an array of piezoelectric transducers
attached to or embedded within the structure for both actuation and sensing.
The system actively interrogates the structure via broadband excitation of
multiple actuators across a desired frequency range. The structure's vibration
signature is then characterized by computing the transfer functions between
each actuator/sensor pair, and compared to the baseline signature. Experimental
results applying the system to local area damage detection in a MD Explorer
rotorcraft composite flexbeam are presented.


title: MINOS Results, Progress and Future Prospects

abstract:
  The MINOS long baseline experiment has been collecting neutrino beam data
since March 2005 and has accumulated 3 x 10^{20} protons-on-target (POT) to
date. MINOS uses Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam which is measured by two
steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters, one at Fermilab and the other 735 km
downstream, in northern Minnesota. By observing the oscillatory structure in
the neutrino energy spectrum, MINOS can precisely measure the neutrino
oscillation parameters in the atmospheric sector. From analysis of the first
year of data, corresponding to 1.27 x 10^{20} POT, these parameters were
determined to be |\Delta m^2_{32}|=2.74^{+0.44}_{-0.26} x 10^{-3} eV^2 and
sin^2(2\theta_{23})>0.87 (68% C.L.). MINOS is able to measure the neutrino
velocity by comparing the arrival times of the neutrino beam in its two
detectors. Using a total of 473 Far Detector events, (v-c)/c = (5.1 +/- 2.9) x
10^{-5} (68% C.L.) was measured. In addition, we report recent progress in the
analysis of neutral current events and give an outline of experimental goals
for the future.


title: Radiation-dominated area metric cosmology

abstract:
  We provide further crucial support for a refined, area metric structure of
spacetime. Based on the solution of conceptual issues, such as the consistent
coupling of fermions and the covariant identification of radiation fields on
area metric backgrounds, we show that the radiation-dominated epoch of area
metric cosmology is equivalent to that epoch in standard Einstein cosmology.
This ensures, in particular, successful nucleosynthesis. This surprising result
complements the previously derived prediction of a small late-time acceleration
of an area metric universe.


title:
Semi-Lorentz invariance, unitarity, and critical exponents of symplectic
  fermion models

abstract:
  We study a model of N-component complex fermions with a kinetic term that is
second order in derivatives. This symplectic fermion model has an Sp(2N)
symmetry, which for any N contains an SO(3) subgroup that can be identified
with rotational spin of spin-1/2 particles. Since the spin-1/2 representation
is not promoted to a representation of the Lorentz group, the model is not
fully Lorentz invariant, although it has a relativistic dispersion relation.
The hamiltonian is pseudo-hermitian, H^\dagger = C H C, which implies it has a
unitary time evolution. Renormalization-group analysis shows the model has a
low-energy fixed point that is a fermionic version of the Wilson-Fisher fixed
points. The critical exponents are computed to two-loop order. Possible
applications to condensed matter physics in 3 space-time dimensions are
discussed.

categories: hep-th cond-mat.str-el hep-ph math-ph math.MP


title:
Two sources are better than one for increasing the Kolmogorov complexity
  of infinite sequences

abstract:
  The randomness rate of an infinite binary sequence is characterized by the
sequence of ratios between the Kolmogorov complexity and the length of the
initial segments of the sequence. It is known that there is no uniform
effective procedure that transforms one input sequence into another sequence
with higher randomness rate. By contrast, we display such a uniform effective
procedure having as input two independent sequences with positive but
arbitrarily small constant randomness rate. Moreover the transformation is a
truth-table reduction and the output has randomness rate arbitrarily close to
1.


title:
On the nature of two superconducting transitions in the specific heat of
  PrOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$: Effects of crystal grinding

abstract:
  Specific heat, dc- and ac-magnetic susceptibility are reported for a large
single crystal of PrOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ and, after grinding, its powder. The room
temperature effective paramagnetic moment of the crystal was consistent with
the Pr$^{3+}$ ionic configuration and full occupancy of the Pr-sublattice. The
crystal showed two distinct anomalies in the specific heat and an overall
discontinuity in $C/T$ of more than 1000 mJ/K$^2$mol. The upper transition (at
$T_{c1}$) was rounded, in an agreement with previous reports. The anomaly at
$T_{c2}$ was very sharp, consistent with a good quality of the crystal. We
observed a shoulder in $\chi$' and two peaks in $\chi$'' below $T_{c1}$.
However, there were no signatures in $\chi$' of the lower temperature
transition. PrOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ is extremely sensitive to grinding, which
suppresses the upper superconducting transition in both the specific heat and
magnetic susceptibility. $\Delta C/T_{c}$ was reduced to 140 mJ/K$^2$ mol in
the powdered sample. Existing data on ground, polished, and sliced crystals
suggests the existence of a length scale of order 100 $\mu$, characterizing the
higher temperature superconducting phase.


title: Unquenching effects on the coefficients of the L\"uscher-Weisz action

abstract:
  The effects of unquenching on the perturbative improvement coefficients in
the Symanzik action are computed within the framework of L\"uscher-Weisz
on-shell improvement. We find that the effects of quark loops are surprisingly
large, and their omission may well explain the scaling violations observed in
some unquenched studies.


title: Algebraic Cycles and Mumford-Griffiths Invariants

abstract:
  Let $X$ be a projective algebraic manifold and let $CH^r(X)$ be the Chow
group of algebraic cycles of codimension $r$ on $X$, modulo rational
equivalence. Working with a candidate Bloch-Beilinson filtration
$\{F^{\nu}\}_{\nu\geq 0}$ on $CH^r(X)\otimes {\Bbb Q}$ due to the second
author, we construct a space of arithmetic Hodge theoretic invariants $\nabla
J^{r,\nu}(X)$ and corresponding map $\phi_{X}^{r,\nu} :
Gr_{F}^{\nu}CH^r(X)\otimes {\Bbb Q} \to \nabla J^{r,\nu}(X)$, and determine
conditions on $X$ for which the kernel and image of $\phi_{X}^{r,\nu}$ are
``uncountably large''.


title: The Euclidean distortion of the lamplighter group

abstract:
  We show that the cyclic lamplighter group $C_2 \bwr C_n$ embeds into Hilbert
space with distortion ${\rm O}(\sqrt{\log n})$. This matches the lower bound
proved by Lee, Naor and Peres in \cite{LeeNaoPer}, answering a question posed
in that paper. Thus the Euclidean distortion of $C_2 \bwr C_n$ is
$\Theta(\sqrt{\log n})$. Our embedding is constructed explicitly in terms of
the irreducible representations of the group. Since the optimal Euclidean
embedding of a finite group can always be chosen to be equivariant, as shown by
Aharoni, Maurey and Mityagin \cite{AhaMauMit} and by Gromov (see
\cite{deCTesVal}), such representation-theoretic considerations suggest a
general tool for obtaining upper and lower bounds on Euclidean embeddings of
finite groups.


title:
Vacuum Polarization and Screening of Supercritical Impurities in
  Graphene

abstract:
  Screening of charge impurities in graphene is analyzed using the exact
solution for vacuum polarization obtained from the massless Dirac-Kepler
problem. For the impurity charge below certain critical value no density
perturbation is found away from the impurity, in agreement with the linear
response theory result. For supercritical charge, however, the polarization
distribution is shown to have a power law profile, leading to screening of the
excess charge at large distances. The Dirac-Kepler scattering states give rise
to standing wave oscillations in the local density of states which appear and
become prominent in the supercritical regime.


title: A high-frequency radio continuum study of massive young stellar objects

abstract:
  We present high-resolution observations made with the Very Large Array (VLA)
in its A configuration at frequencies between 5 and 43 GHz of a sample of five
massive young stellar objects (YSOs): LkHa101, NGC2024-IRS2, S106-IR, W75N and
S140-IRS1. The resolution varied from 0.04 arcsec (at 43 GHz) to 0.5 arcsec (at
5 GHz), corresponding to a linear resolution as high as 17 AU for our nearest
source. A MERLIN observation of S106-IR at 23 GHz with 0.03-arcsec resolution
is also presented. S106-IR and S140-IRS1 are elongated at 43 GHz perpendicular
to their large scale bipolar outflows. This confirms the equatorial wind
picture for these sources seen previously in MERLIN 5 GHz observations. The
other sources are marginally resolved at 43 GHz. The spectral indices we derive
for the sources in our sample range from +0.2 to +0.8, generally consistent
with ionized stellar winds. We have modelled our sources as uniform, isothermal
spherical winds, with LkHa101 and NGC2024-IRS2 yielding the best fits. However,
in all cases our fits give wind temperatures of only 2000 to 5000 K, much less
than the effective temperatures of main-sequence stars of the same luminosity,
a result which is likely due to the clumpy nature of the winds.


title: Non Thermal Neutralino Production in Deflected Anomaly Mediation

abstract:
  We study the effects of a non thermal neutralino production, due to the late
decay in the early universe of a single modulus field, in the context of the
deflected anomaly mediated scenario. In the regime in which the average number
of neutralino produced in each modulus decaying process is $\bar{N}_{{\rm
LSP}}\ll 1$ also models with a thermal relic density below WMAP data became
acceptable models. We find out that these models belong to three different
classes with the common feature that the low thermal relic density is entirely
due to coannihilation effects. The neutralino annihilation cross section for
these classes of models is not particularly high compared with the highest
cross sections attainable in the generic framework of the MSSM. Hence the
detection prospects either by direct or indirect WIMP search experiments are
not encouraging.


title: Trans-Planckian signals from the breaking of local Lorentz invariance

abstract:
  This article examines how a breakdown of a locally Lorentz invariant,
point-like description of nature at tiny space-time intervals would translate
into a distinctive set of signals in the primordial power spectrum generated by
inflation. We examine the leading irrelevant operators that are consistent with
the spatial translations and rotations of a preferred, isotropically expanding,
background. A few of the resulting corrections to the primordial power spectrum
do not have the usual oscillatory factor, which is sometimes taken to be
characteristic of a "trans-Planckian" signal. Perhaps more interestingly, one
of these leading irrelevant operators exactly reproduces a correction to the
power spectrum that occurs in effective descriptions of the state of the field
responsible for inflation.


title: Revisiting cosmological bounds on radiative neutrino lifetime

abstract:
  Neutrino oscillation experiments and direct bounds on absolute masses
constrain neutrino mass differences to fall into the microwave energy range,
for most of the allowed parameter space. As a consequence of these recent
phenomenological advances, older constraints on radiative neutrino decays based
on diffuse background radiations and assuming strongly hierarchical masses in
the eV range are now outdated. We thus derive new bounds on the radiative
neutrino lifetime using the high precision cosmic microwave background spectral
data collected by the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer instrument on
board of Cosmic Background Explorer. The lower bound on the lifetime is between
a few x 10^19 s and 5 x 10^20 s, depending on the neutrino mass ordering and on
the absolute mass scale. However, due to phase space limitations, the upper
bound in terms of the effective magnetic moment mediating the decay is not
better than ~ 10^-8 Bohr magnetons. We also comment about possible improvements
of these limits, by means of recent diffuse infrared photon background data. We
compare these bounds with pre-existing limits coming from laboratory or
astrophysical arguments. We emphasize the complementarity of our results with
others available in the literature.


title:
Quantum Noise in Differential-type Gravitational-wave Interferometer and
  Signal Recycling

abstract:
  There exists the standard quantum limit (SQL), derived from Heisenberg's
uncertainty relation, in the sensitivity of laser interferometer
gravitational-wave detectors. However, in the context of a full
quantum-mechanical approach, SQL can be overcome using the correlation of shot
noise and radiation-pressure noise. So far, signal recycling, which is one of
the methods to overcome SQL, is considered only in a recombined-type
interferometer such as Advanced-LIGO, LCGT, and GEO600. In this paper, we
investigated quantum noise and the possibility of signal recycling in a
differential-type interferometer. As a result, we found that signal recycling
is possible and creates at most three dips in the sensitivity curve of the
detector. Then, taking advantage of the third additional dip and comparing the
sensitivity of a differential-type interferometer with that of a
next-generation Japanese GW interferometer, LCGT, we found that SNR of inspiral
binary is improved by a factor of 1.43 for neutron star binary, 2.28 for 50
M_sun black hole binary, and 2.94 for 100 M_sun black hole binary. We also
found that power recycling to increase laser power is possible in our
signal-recycling configuration of a detector.


title:
Comment on "Influence of protons on the capture of electrons by 7Be in
  the Sun"

abstract:
  This paper suffers from conceptual difficulties and unjustified
approximations that render its conclusions dubious.


title: Stability of Solutions to Damped Equations with Negative Stiffness

abstract:
  This article concerns the stability of a model for mass-spring systems with
positive damping and negative stiness. It is well known that when the
coefficients are frozen in time the system is unstable. Here we find conditions
on the variable cofficients to prove stability. In particular, we disprove the
believe that if the eigenvalues of the system change slowly in time the system
remains unstable. We extend some of our results for nonlinear systems.


title: Rapid Diffusion of dipolar order enhances dynamic nuclear polarization

abstract:
  In a dynamic nuclear polarization experiment on a 40 mM solution of
4-amino-TEMPO in a 40:60 water/glycerol mixture, we have observed that the bulk
dipolar reservoir is cooled to a spin temperature of 15.5 micro-K, following
microwave irradiation for 800 s. This is significantly cooler than the 35 mK
spin temperature of the Zeeman reservoir. Equilibration of the two reservoirs
results in a 50 % increase in the NMR signal intensity, corresponding to a
Zeeman spin temperature of 23 mK. In order to achieve this polarization
directly, it was necessary to irradiate the sample with microwaves for 1500 s.
Cooling of the dipolar reservoir occurs during polarization transport through
the magnetic field gradient around the paramagnetic impurity, and is rapidly
communicated to the bulk by dipolar spin diffusion. As dipolar spin diffusion
is significantly faster than Zeeman spin diffusion, the bulk dipolar reservoir
cools faster than the Zeeman reservoir. This process can be exploited to
rapidly polarize the nuclear spins, by repeatedly cooling the dipolar system
and transferring the polarization to the Zeeman reservoir.


title: Higgs Particle Mass in Cosmology

abstract:
  A version of the Standard Model is considered, where the electroweak symmetry
breaking is provided by cosmological initial data given for the zeroth Fourier
harmonic of the Higgs field $<\phi>$. The initial data symmetry breaking
mechanism removes the Higgs field contribution to the vacuum energy density,
possible creation of monopoles, and tachion behavior at high energies, if one
imposes an ``inertial'' condition on the Higgs potential $\textsf{V}_{\rm
Higgs}(<\phi>)=0$. The requirement of zero radiative corrections to this {\em
inertial} condition coincides with the limiting point of the vacuum stability
in the Standard Model. The latter together with the direct experimental limit
gives the prediction for the mass of the Higgs boson to be in the range $114 <
m_h \lsim 134$ GeV.


title:
A randomized algorithm for the on-line weighted bipartite matching
  problem

abstract:
  We study the on-line minimum weighted bipartite matching problem in arbitrary
metric spaces. Here, $n$ not necessary disjoint points of a metric space $M$
are given, and are to be matched on-line with $n$ points of $M$ revealed one by
one. The cost of a matching is the sum of the distances of the matched points,
and the goal is to find or approximate its minimum. The competitive ratio of
the deterministic problem is known to be $\Theta(n)$. It was conjectured that a
randomized algorithm may perform better against an oblivious adversary, namely
with an expected competitive ratio $\Theta(\log n)$. We prove a slightly weaker
result by showing a $o(\log^3 n)$ upper bound on the expected competitive
ratio. As an application the same upper bound holds for the notoriously hard
fire station problem, where $M$ is the real line.


title: Evolution of complex modular biological networks

abstract:
  Biological networks have evolved to be highly functional within uncertain
environments while remaining extremely adaptable. One of the main contributors
to the robustness and evolvability of biological networks is believed to be
their modularity of function, with modules defined as sets of genes that are
strongly interconnected but whose function is separable from those of other
modules. Here, we investigate the in silico evolution of modularity and
robustness in complex artificial metabolic networks that encode an increasing
amount of information about their environment while acquiring ubiquitous
features of biological, social, and engineering networks, such as scale-free
edge distribution, small-world property, and fault-tolerance. These networks
evolve in environments that differ in their predictability, and allow us to
study modularity from topological, information-theoretic, and gene-epistatic
points of view using new tools that do not depend on any preconceived notion of
modularity. We find that for our evolved complex networks as well as for the
yeast protein-protein interaction network, synthetic lethal pairs consist
mostly of redundant genes that lie close to each other and therefore within
modules, while knockdown suppressor pairs are farther apart and often straddle
modules, suggesting that knockdown rescue is mediated by alternative pathways
or modules. The combination of network modularity tools together with genetic
interaction data constitutes a powerful approach to study and dissect the role
of modularity in the evolution and function of biological networks.


title: Thermal expansion and pressure effect in MnWO4

abstract:
  MnWO4 has attracted attention because of its ferroelectric property induced
by frustrated helical spin order. Strong spin-lattice interaction is necessary
to explain ferroelectricity associated with this type of magnetic order.We have
conducted thermal expansion measurements along the a, b, c axes revealing the
existence of strong anisotropic lattice anomalies at T1=7.8 K, the temperature
of the magnetic lock-in transition into a commensurate low-temperature
(reentrant paraelectric) phase. The effect of hydrostatic pressure up to 1.8
GPa on the FE phase is investigated by measuring the dielectric constant and
the FE polarization. The low- temperature commensurate and paraelectric phase
is stabilized and the stability range of the ferroelectric phase is diminished
under pressure.


title: Recursive n-gram hashing is pairwise independent, at best

abstract:
  Many applications use sequences of n consecutive symbols (n-grams). Hashing
these n-grams can be a performance bottleneck. For more speed, recursive hash
families compute hash values by updating previous values. We prove that
recursive hash families cannot be more than pairwise independent. While hashing
by irreducible polynomials is pairwise independent, our implementations either
run in time O(n) or use an exponential amount of memory. As a more scalable
alternative, we make hashing by cyclic polynomials pairwise independent by
ignoring n-1 bits. Experimentally, we show that hashing by cyclic polynomials
is is twice as fast as hashing by irreducible polynomials. We also show that
randomized Karp-Rabin hash families are not pairwise independent.


title: Resonances and weak interactions in $D^+ \to\pi^+ \pi^- \pi^+$ decays

abstract:
  We describe the $\pi\pi$ $S$-wave in $D^+ \to\pi^+ \pi^- \pi^+$ decays using
a unitary model for the $\pi\pi$ Final State Interactions (FSI). The three body
decay is treated as a quasi two-body process where, at the weak vertex, the D
meson decays into a resonance and a pion. The weak part of the decay amplitude
is evaluated using the effective weak Hamiltonian within the factorization
approximation.


title: On Biology as an Emergent Science

abstract:
  Biology is considered here as an "emergent science" in the sense of Anderson
and of Laughlin and Pines. It is demonstrated that a straightforward
mathematical definition of "biological system" is useful in showing how biology
differs in structure from the lower levels in Anderson's "More is Different"
hierarchy. Using cells in a chemostat as a paradigmatic exemplar of a
biological system, it is found that a coherent collection of metabolic pathways
through a single cell in the chemostat also satisfies the proposed definition
of a biological system. This provides a theoretical and mathematical
underpinning for Young's fundamental model of biological organization and
integration. Evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of Young's method of
analysis is provided by preliminary results of clinical trials of a specific
application of Young's model to the treatment of cancer cachexia.


title: Searches for New Phenomena with Lepton Final States at the Tevatron

abstract:
  Numerous searches for new phenomena have been carried out using data from
proton-antiproton collisions at Fermilab's Tevatron. Final states with leptons
give signatures which are relatively unique and generally have small
backgrounds. We present many of the latest results from the CDF and D0
collaborations from 0.4-1.2 fb^-1 of data. Topics include supersymmetry, extra
gauge bosons, Randall-Sundrum gravitons, excited electrons and neutral,
long-lived particles.


title: Measuring the dark matter velocity anisotropy in galaxy clusters

abstract:
  The Universe contains approximately 6 times more dark matter than normal
baryonic matter, and a directly observed fundamental difference between dark
matter and baryons would both be significant for our understanding of dark
matter structures and provide us with information about the basic
characteristics of the dark matter particle. We discuss one distinctive feature
of dark matter structures in equilibrium, namely the property that a local dark
matter temperature may depend on direction. This is in stark contrast to
baryonic gases. We used X-ray observations of two nearby, relaxed galaxy
clusters, under the assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and identical dark
matter and gas temperatures in the outer cluster region, to measure this dark
matter temperature anisotropy beta_dm, with non-parametric Monte Carlo methods.
We find that beta_dm is greater than the value predicted for baryonic gases,
beta_gas=0, at more than 3 sigma confidence. The observed value of the
temperature anisotropy is in fair agreement with the results of cosmological
N-body simulations and shows that the equilibration of the dark matter
particles is not governed by local point-like interactions in contrast to
baryonic gases.


title: On group-theoretic models of randomness and genericity

abstract:
  We compare the random group model of Gromov and the model of generic groups
of Arzhantseva and Ol'shanskii.


title: Chasing Brane Inflation in String-Theory

abstract:
  We investigate the embedding of brane anti-brane inflation into a concrete
type IIB string theory compactification with all moduli fixed. Specifically, we
are considering a D3-brane, whose position represents the inflaton $\phi$, in a
warped conifold throat in the presence of supersymmetrically embedded D7-branes
and an anti D3-brane localized at the tip of the warped conifold cone. After
presenting the moduli stabilization analysis for a general D7-brane embedding,
we concentrate on two explicit models, the Ouyang and the Kuperstein
embeddings. We analyze whether the forces, induced by moduli stabilization and
acting on the D3-brane, might cancel by fine-tuning such as to leave us with
the original Coulomb attraction of the anti D3-brane as the driving force for
inflation. For a large class of D7-brane embeddings we obtain a negative
result. Cancelations are possible only for very small intervals of $\phi$
around an inflection point but not globally. For the most part of its motion
the inflaton then feels a steep, non slow-roll potential. We study the
inflationary dynamics induced by this potential.


title: Valley Dependent Optoelectronics from Inversion Symmetry Breaking

abstract:
  Inversion symmetry breaking allows contrasted circular dichroism in different
k-space regions, which takes the extreme form of optical selection rules for
interband transitions at high symmetry points. In materials where band-edges
occur at noncentral valleys, this enables valley dependent interplay of
electrons with light of different circular polarizations, in analogy to spin
dependent optical activities in semiconductors. This discovery is in perfect
harmony with the previous finding of valley contrasted Bloch band features of
orbital magnetic moment and Berry curvatures from inversion symmetry breaking
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 236809 (2007)]. A universal connection is revealed
between the k-resolved optical oscillator strength of interband transitions,
the orbital magnetic moment and the Berry curvatures, which also provides a
principle for optical measurement of orbital magnetization and intrinsic
anomalous Hall conductivity in ferromagnetic systems. The general physics is
demonstrated in graphene where inversion symmetry breaking leads to valley
contrasted optical selection rule for interband transitions. We discuss
graphene based valley optoelectronics applications where light polarization
information can be interconverted with electronic information.


title:
Polarization Enhancement in Short Period Superlattices via Interfacial
  Intermixing

abstract:
  The effect of intermixing at the interface of short period
PbTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattices is studied using first-principles density
functional theory. The results indicate that interfacial intermixing
significantly enhances the polarization within the superlattice. This
enhancement is directly related to the off-centering of Pb and Sr cations and
can be explained through a discussion of interacting dipoles. This picture
should be general for a wide range of multicomponent superlattices and may have
important consequences for the design of ferroelectric devices.


title:
Elastic theory of low-dimensional continua and its applications in bio-
  and nano-structures

abstract:
  This review presents the elastic theory of low-dimensional (one- and
two-dimensional) continua and its applications in bio- and nano-structures.
First, the curve and surface theory, as the geometric representation of the
low-dimensional continua, is briefly described through Cartan moving frame
method. The elastic theory of Kirchhoff rod, Helfrich rod, bending-soften rod,
fluid membrane, and solid shell is revisited. Secondly, the application and
availability of the elastic theory of low-dimensional continua in
bio-structures, including short DNA rings, lipid membranes, and cell membranes,
are discussed. The kink stability of short DNA rings is addressed by using the
theory of Kirchhoff rod, Helfrich rod, and bending-soften rod. The lipid
membranes obey the theory of fluid membrane. A cell membrane is simplified as a
composite shell of lipid bilayer and membrane skeleton, which is a little
similar to the solid shell. It is found that the membrane skeleton enhances
highly the mechanical stability of cell membranes. Thirdly, the application and
availability of the elastic theory of low-dimensional continua in
nano-structures, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, are discussed. A
revised Lenosky lattice model is proposed based on the local density
approximation. Its continuum form up to the second order terms of curvatures
and strains is the same as the free energy of 2D solid shells. Several typical
mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes are revisited and investigated based
on this continuum form. It is possible to avoid introducing the controversial
concepts, the Young's modulus and thickness of graphene and single-walled
carbon nanotubes, with this continuum form.

categories: cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci math-ph math.MP physics.bio-ph q-bio.QM


title: Universal alternating order around impurities in antiferromagnets

abstract:
  The study of impurities in antiferromagnets is of considerable interest in
condensed matter physics. In this paper we address the elementary question of
the effect of vacancies on the orientation of the surrounding magnetic moments
in an antiferromagnet. In the presence of a magnetic field, alternating
magnetic moments are induced, which can be described by a universal expression
that is valid in any ordered antiferromagnet and turns out to be independent of
temperature over a large range. The universality is not destroyed by quantum
fluctuation, which is demonstrated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the
two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Physical predictions for finite
doping are made, which are relevant for experiments probing Knight shifts and
the order parameter.


title: Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of z~0.7 Star-Forming Galaxies

abstract:
  We analyze the infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for
10micron < lambda(rest) < 100micron for ~600 galaxies at z~0.7 in the extended
Chandra Deep Field South by stacking their Spitzer 24, 70 and 160micron images.
We place interesting constraints on the average IR SED shape in two bins: the
brightest 25% of z~0.7 galaxies detected at 24micron, and the remaining 75% of
individually-detected galaxies. Galaxies without individual detections at
24micron were not well-detected at 70micron and 160micron even through
stacking. We find that the average IR SEDs of z~0.7 star-forming galaxies fall
within the diversity of z~0 templates. While dust obscuration Lir/Luv seems to
be only a function of star formation rate (SFR; ~ Lir+Luv), not of redshift,
the dust temperature of star-forming galaxies (with SFR ~ 10 solar mass per
year) at a given IR luminosity was lower at z~0.7 than today. We suggest an
interpretation of this phenomenology in terms of dust geometry: intensely
star-forming galaxies at z~0 are typically interacting, and host dense
centrally-concentrated bursts of star formation and warm dust temperatures. At
z~0.7, the bulk of intensely star-forming galaxies are relatively undisturbed
spirals and irregulars, and we postulate that they have large amounts of
widespread lower-density star formation, yielding lower dust temperatures for a
given IR luminosity. We recommend what IR SEDs are most suitable for modeling
intermediate redshift galaxies with different SFRs.


title: The accretion origin of the Milky Way's stellar halo

abstract:
  We have used data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5 to
explore the overall structure and substructure of the stellar halo of the Milky
Way using about 4 million color-selected main sequence turn-off stars. We fit
oblate and triaxial broken power-law models to the data, and found a `best-fit'
oblateness of the stellar halo 0.5<c/a<0.8, and halo stellar masses between
Galactocentric radii of 1 and 40kpc of (3.7+/-1.2)x10^8 M_sun. The density
profile of the stellar halo is approximately r^{-3}; it is possible that the
power law slope is shallower inside 20kpc and steeper outside that radius. Yet,
we found that all smooth and symmetric models were very poor fits to the
distribution of stellar halo stars because the data exhibit a great deal of
spatial substructure. We quantified deviations from a smooth oblate/triaxial
model using the RMS of the data around the model profile on scales >~100pc,
after accounting for the (known) contribution of Poisson uncertainties. The
fractional RMS deviation of the actual stellar distribution from any smooth,
parameterized halo model is >~40%: hence, the stellar halo is highly
structured. We compared the observations with simulations of galactic stellar
halos formed entirely from the accretion of satellites in a cosmological
context by analysing the simulations in the same way as the data. While the
masses, overall profiles, and degree of substructure in the simulated stellar
halos show considerable scatter, the properties and degree of substructure in
the Milky Way's halo match well the properties of a `typical' stellar halo
built exclusively out of the debris from disrupted satellite galaxies. Our
results therefore point towards a picture in which an important fraction of the
Milky Way's stellar halo has been accreted from satellite galaxies.