title:
The Formation of Crystalline Dust in AGB Winds from Binary Induced
  Spiral Shocks

abstract:
  As stars evolve along the Asymptotic Giant Branch, strong winds are driven
from the outer envelope. These winds form a shell, which may ultimately become
a planetary nebula. Many planetary nebulae are highly asymmetric, hinting at
the presence of a binary companion. Some post-Asymptotic Giant Branch objects
are surrounded by torii of crystalline dust, but there is no generally accepted
mechanism for annealing the amorphous grains in the wind to crystals. In this
Letter, we show that the shaping of the wind by a binary companion is likely to
lead to the formation of crystalline dust in the orbital plane of the binary.


title:
Titan's rotational state : The effects of a forced "free" resonant
  wobble

abstract:
  In Noyelles et al. (2008, Astron. Astrophys., 478, 959-970), a resonance
involving the wobble of Titan is hinted. This paper studies this scenario and
its consequences. The first step is to build an accurate analytical model that
would help to find the likely resonances in the rotation of every synchronous
body. In this model, I take the orbital eccentricity of the body into account,
as well as its variable inclination with respect to Saturn's equator. Then an
analytical study using the second fundamental model of the resonance is
performed to study the resonance of interest. Finally, I study the dissipative
consequences of this resonance. I find that this resonance may have increased
the wobble of Titan by several degrees. For instance, if Titan's polar momentum
C is equal to 0.355MR_T^2 (M and R_T being respectively Titan's mass and
radius), the wobble might be forced to 41 degrees. Thanks to an original
formula, I find that the dissipation associated with the forced wobble might
not be negligible compared to the contribution of the eccentricity. I also
suspect that, due to the forced wobble, Titan's period of rotation may be
somewhat underestimated by observers. Finally, I use the analytical model
presented in this paper to compute the periods of the free librations of the
four Galilean satellites as well as the Saturnian satellite Rhea. For Io and
Europa, the results are consistent with previous studies. For the other
satellites, the periods of the free librations are respectively 186.37 d, 23.38
y and 30.08 y for Ganymede, 2.44 y, 209.32 y and 356.54 y for Callisto, and
51.84 d, 2.60 y and 3.59 y for Rhea.


title: Groupoid Methods in Wavelet Analysis

abstract:
  We describe how the Deaconu-Renault groupoid may be used in the study of
wavelets and fractals.


title:
The strong coupling constant $g_{D^* D \pi}$ and final-state
  interactions

abstract:
  In this article, we study the contribution from the final-state interactions
to the strong coupling constant $g_{D^* D \pi}$. We take an assumption that the
momentum transfers in the strong decay $D^{*+} \to D^0 \pi^+$ be large to
validate the operator product expansion in the light-cone QCD sum rules. At
large momentum transfers, the final-state interactions play an important role,
and we should take them into account.


title:
Solitons and Their Arrays: from Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors to
  Stripes

abstract:
  We suggest a short review of literature on various solitonic lattices and
individual solitons in quasi one-dimensional conductors. This information seems
to be quite relevant to topics of stripes and their melted phases
correspondingly. We shall quote also the latest experiments, which access
solitons as elementary excitations in organic conductors and in charge density
waves. We shall outline a theory for ordered phases, where solitons should
acquire forms of combined topological configurations (kink-roton complexes).
The extension of this picture to cuprates allows interpretation the latest STM
observations on local rod-like structures.


title: New interactions in the dark sector mediated by dark energy

abstract:
  Cosmological observations have revealed the existence of a dark matter
sector, which is commonly assumed to be made up of one particle species only.
However, this sector might be more complicated than we currently believe: there
might be more than one dark matter species (for example two components of cold
dark matter or a mixture of hot and cold dark matter) and there may be new
interactions between these particles. In this paper we study the possibility of
multiple dark matter species and interactions mediated by a dark energy field.
We study both the background and the perturbation evolution in these scenarios.
We find that the background evolution of a system of multiple dark matter
particles (with constant couplings) mimics a single fluid with a time-varying
coupling parameter. However, this is no longer true on the perturbative level.
We study the case of attractive and repulsive forces as well as a mixture of
cold and hot dark matter particles.


title: Hypernuclei and in-medium chiral dynamics

abstract:
  A recently introduced relativistic nuclear energy density functional,
constrained by features of low-energy QCD, is extended to describe the
structure of hypernuclei. The density-dependent mean field and the spin-orbit
potential of a $\Lambda$-hyperon in a nucleus, are consistently calculated
using the SU(3) extension of in-medium chiral perturbation theory. The leading
long-range $\Lambda N$ interaction arises from kaon-exchange and
$2\pi$-exchange with a $\Sigma$-hyperon in the intermediate state. Scalar and
vector mean fields, originating from in-medium changes of the quark
condensates, produce a sizeable {\em short-range} spin-orbit interaction. The
model, when applied to oxygen as a test case, provides a natural explanation
for the smallness of the effective $\Lambda$ spin-orbit potential: an almost
complete cancellation between the background contributions (scalar and vector)
and the long-range terms generated by two-pion exchange.


title: Gamma-Rays from Decaying Dark Matter

abstract:
  We study the prospects for detecting gamma-rays from decaying Dark Matter
(DM), focusing in particular on gravitino DM in R-parity breaking vacua. Given
the substantially different angular distribution of the predicted gamma-ray
signal with respect to the case of annihilating DM, and the relatively poor (of
order 0.1$^\circ$) angular resolution of gamma-ray detectors, the best strategy
for detection is in this case to look for an exotic contribution to the
gamma-ray flux at high galactic latitudes, where the decaying DM contribution
would resemble an astrophysical extra-galactic component, similar to the one
inferred by EGRET observations. Upcoming experiments such as GLAST and AMS-02
may identify this exotic contribution and discriminate it from astrophysical
sources, or place significant constraints on the mass and lifetime of DM
particles.


title:
Testing the galaxy cluster mass-observable relations at z = 1 with
  XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of XLSSJ022403.9-041328

abstract:
  We present an analysis of deep XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the
z=1.05 galaxy cluster XLSSJ022403.9-041328 (hereafter XLSSC 029), detected in
the XMM-Newton large scale structure survey. Density and temperature profiles
of the X-ray emitting gas were used to perform a hydrostatic mass analysis of
the system. This allowed us to measure the total mass and gas fraction in the
cluster and define overdensity radii R500 and R2500. The global properties of
XLSSC 029 were measured within these radii and compared with those of the local
population. The gas mass fraction was found to be consistent with local
clusters. The mean metal abundance was 0.18 +0.17 -0.15 Zsol, with the cluster
core regions excluded, consistent with the predicted and observed evolution.
The properties of XLSSC 029 were then used to investigate the position of the
cluster on the M-kT, YX-M, and LX-M scaling relations. In all cases the
observed properties of XLSSC 029 agreed well with the simple self-similar
evolution of the scaling relations. This is the first test of the evolution of
these relations at z > 1 and supports the use of the scaling relations in
cosmological studies with distant galaxy clusters.


title: Constraints on decaying Dark Matter from XMM-Newton observations of M31

abstract:
  We derive constraints on parameters of the radiatively decaying Dark Matter
(DM) particles, using XMM-Newton EPIC spectra of the Andromeda galaxy (M31).
Using the observations of the outer (5'-13') parts of M31 we improve the
existing constraints. For the case of sterile neutrino DM, combining our
constraints with the latest computation of abundances of sterile neutrino in
the Dodelson-Widrow (DW) scenario, we obtain the lower mass limit m_s < 4 keV,
which is stronger than the previous one m_s < 6 kev, obtained recently by Asaka
et al. (2007) [hep-ph/0612182]. Comparing this limit with the most recent
results on Lyman-alpha forest analysis of Viel et al. (2007) [arXiv:0709.0131]
(m_s > 5.6 kev), we argue that the scenario in which all the DM is produced via
DW mechanism is ruled out. We discuss however other production mechanisms and
note that the sterile neutrino remains a viable candidate of Dark Matter,
either warm or cold.


title:
First-principles study of ternary fcc solution phases from special
  quasirandom structures

abstract:
  In the present work, ternary Special Quasirandom Structures (SQSs) for a fcc
solid solution phase are generated at different compositions,
$x_A=x_B=x_C=\tfrac{1}{3}$ and $x_A=\tfrac{1}{2}$, $x_B=x_C=\tfrac{1}{4}$,
whose correlation functions are satisfactorily close to those of a random fcc
solution. The generated SQSs are used to calculate the mixing enthalpy of the
fcc phase in the Ca-Sr-Yb system. It is observed that first-principles
calculations of all the binary and ternary SQSs in the Ca-Sr-Yb system exhibit
very small local relaxation. It is concluded that the fcc ternary SQSs can
provide valuable information about the mixing behavior of the fcc ternary solid
solution phase. The SQSs presented in this work can be widely used to study the
behavior of ternary fcc solid solutions.


title: Phase diagram of hole doped two-leg Cu-O ladders

abstract:
  In the weak coupling limit, we establish the phase diagram of a two-leg
ladder with a unit cell containing both Cu and O atoms, as a function of
doping. We use bosonization and design a specific RG procedure to handle the
additional degrees of freedom. Significant differences are found with the
single orbital case; for purely repulsive interactions, a completely massless
quantum critical region is obtained at intermediate carrier concentrations
(well inside the bands) where the ground state consists of an incommensurate
pattern of orbital currents plus a spin density wave (SDW) structure.


title: Pairs of commuting nilpotent matrices, and Hilbert function

abstract:
  Let K be an infinite field and denote by H(n,K) the family of pairs (A,B) of
commuting nilpotent n by n matrices with entries in K. There has been
substantial recent study of the connection between H(n,K) and the fibre H[n] of
the punctual Hilbert scheme of the plane, over an n-fold point of the symmetric
product, by V. Baranovsky, R. Basili, and A. Premet.
  We study the stratification of H(n,K) by the Hilbert function of the Artinian
ring K[A,B]. We show that when dim_K K[A,B] = n, then the generic element of
the pencil A+\lambda B, \lambda \in K, has Jordan partition the maximum
partition P(H) whose diagonal lengths are the Hilbert function of K[A,B].
  We denote by Q(P) the maximum Jordan partition of a nilpotent A commuting
with a nilpotent B of Jordan partition P. We show that the stable partitions -
those such that Q(P)=P - are those whose parts differ by at least two. In
characteristic zero, the latter is a special case of a result of D. Panyushev.
Our result on pencils shows that Q(P) has decreasing parts. In related work, T.
Kosir and P. Oblak have shown further that Q(P) is itself stable.


title:
The Integrals of Motion for the Deformed W-Algebra $W_{qt}(sl_N^)$ II:
  Proof of the commutation relations

abstract:
  We explicitly construct two classes of infinitly many commutative operators
in terms of the deformed W-algebra $W_{qt}(sl_N^)$, and give proofs of the
commutation relations of these operators. We call one of them local integrals
of motion and the other nonlocal one, since they can be regarded as elliptic
deformation of local and nonlocal integrals of motion for the $W_N$ algebra.


title: Module d'Alexander et repr\'esentations m\'etab\'eliennes

abstract:
  It is known, since works of Burde and de Rham, that one can detect the roots
of the Alexander polynomial of a knot by the study of the representations of
the knot group into the group of the invertible upper triangular $2x2$
matrices. In this work, we propose to generalize this result by considering the
representations of the knot group into the group of the invertible upper
triangular $nxn$ matrices, $n\geq 2$. This approach will enable us to find the
decomposition of the Alexander module with complex coefficients.


title:
The Generalized Uncertainty Principle in (A)dS Space and the
  Modification of Hawking Temperature from the Minimal Length

abstract:
  Recently, the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle has been extended to
incorporate the existence of a large (cut-off) length scale in de Sitter or
anti-de Sitter space, and the Hawking temperatures of the Schwarzshild-(anti)
de Sitter black holes have been reproduced by using the extended uncertainty
principle. I generalize the extended uncertainty to the case with an absolute
minimum length and compute its modification to the Hawking temperature. I
obtain a general trend that the generalized uncertainty principle due to the
absolute minimum length ``always'' increases the Hawking temperature, implying
``faster'' decay, which is in conformity with the result in the asymptotically
flat space. I also revisit the ``black hole-string'' phase transition, in the
context of the generalized uncertainty principle.


title: Albert algebras over curves of genus zero and one

abstract:
  Albert algebras and other Jordan algebras are constructed over curves of
genus zero and one, using a generalization of the Tits process and the first
Tits construction due to Achhammer.


title: Evolutionary Catastrophes and the Goldilocks Problem

abstract:
  One of the mainstays of the controversial "rare Earth" hypothesis is the
"Goldilocks problem" regarding various parameters describing a habitable
planet, partially involving the role of mass extinctions and other catastrophic
processes in biological evolution. Usually, this is construed as support for
the uniqueness of the Earth's biosphere and intelligent human life. Here I
argue that this is a misconstrual and that, on the contrary,
observation-selection effects, when applied to catastrophic processes, make it
very difficult for us to discern whether the terrestrial biosphere and
evolutionary processes which created it are exceptional in the Milky Way or
not. In particular, an anthropic overconfidence bias related to the temporal
asymmetry of evolutionary processes appears when we try to straightforwardly
estimate catastrophic risks from the past records on Earth. This agnosticism,
in turn, supports the validity and significance of practical astrobiological
and SETI research.

categories: astro-ph physics.geo-ph physics.soc-ph q-bio.PE


title: Modelling the SEDs of spiral galaxies

abstract:
  Modelling the UV/optical - infrared/submm SEDs of spiral galaxies observed
with Herschel will be an essential tool to quantitatively interpret these
observations in terms of the present and past star-formation activity of these
systems. In this lecture we describe the SED modelling technique we have
developed, its applications and tests of its predictions. We show that both the
panchromatic SED modelling of individual galaxies and the B-band
attenuation-inclination relation of large statistical samples suggest that
spiral galaxies in the nearby Universe behave as optically thick systems in
their global properties and large-scale distribution of light (central face-on
B-band opacity of approx. 4). However disk galaxies are very inhomogeneous
systems, having both optically thick components (e.g. spiral arms), and
optically thin components (e.g. the interarm regions), the latter making
galaxies transparent to background galaxies.


title: Two-Loop Electroweak NLL Corrections: from Massless to Massive Fermions

abstract:
  Recently the two-loop next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) virtual corrections
to arbitrary processes with massless external fermions have been calculated.
Within the spontaneously broken electroweak theory the one- and two-loop mass
singularities have been derived to NLL accuracy and expressed as universal
correction factors depending only on the quantum numbers of the external
particles. This talk summarizes the results for massless fermionic processes
and presents new aspects arising in the extension of the corresponding loop
calculations to massive external fermions. As a preliminary result, the Abelian
form factor for massive fermions is given.


title:
Asymptotic estimation of some multiple integrals and the electromagnetic
  deuteron form factors at high momentum transfer

abstract:
  A theorem about asymptotic estimation of multiple integral of a special type
is proved for the case when the integrand peaks at the integration domain
bound, but not at a point of extremum. Using this theorem the asymptotic
expansion of the electromagnetic deuteron form factors at high momentum
transfers is obtained in the framework of two-nucleon model in both
nonrelativistic and relativistic impulse approximations. It is found that
relativistic effects slow down the decrease of deuteron form factors and result
in agreement between the relativistic asymptotics and experimental data at high
momentum transfers.


title: IGR J17098-3628: an X-ray Nova discovered by INTEGRAL

abstract:
  We report the discovery with INTEGRAL on March 24, 2005, and follow-up
observations of the distant Galactic X-ray nova IGR J17098-3628.


title: Bound magnetic polarons in the very dilute regime

abstract:
  We study bound magnetic polarons (BMP) in a very diluted magnetic
semiconductor CdMnTe by means of site selective spectroscopy. In zero magnetic
field we detect a broad and asymmetric band with a characteristic spectral
width of about 5 meV. When external magnetic fields are applied a new line
appears in the emission spectrum. Remarkably, the spectral width of this line
is reduced greatly down to 0.24 meV. We attribute such unusual behavior to the
formation of BMP, effected by sizable fluctuations of local magnetic moments.
The modifications of the optical spectra have been simulated by the Monte-Carlo
method and calculated within an approach considering the nearest Mn ion. A
quantitative agreement with the experiment is achieved without use of fitting
parameters. It is demonstrated that the low-energy part of the emission spectra
originates from the energetic relaxation of a complex consisting of a hole and
its nearest Mn ion. It is also shown that the contribution to the narrow line
arises from the remote Mn ions.


title:
Massless Fermions in multilayer graphitic systems with misoriented
  layers

abstract:
  We examine how the misorientation of a few stacked graphene layers affects
the electronic structure of carbon nanosystems. We present {\it ab initio}
calculations on bi- and trilayer systems to demonstrate that the massless
Fermion behavior typical of single layered graphene is also found in
incommensurate multilayered graphitic systems. We also investigate the
consequences of this property on experimental fingerprints, such as Raman
spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Our simulations reveal
that STM images of turbostratic few layer graphite are sensitive to the layer
arrangement. We also predict that resonant raman signal of graphitic samples
are more sensitive to the orientation of the layers than to their number.


title: The pressure of QED from the two-loop 2PI effective action

abstract:
  We compute the pressure of hot quantum electrodynamics from the two-loop
truncation of the 2PI effective action. Since the 2PI resummation guarantees
gauge-fixing independence only up to the order of the truncation, our result
for the pressure presents a gauge dependent contribution of O(e^4). We
numerically characterize the credibility of this gauge-dependent calculation
and find that the uncertainty due to gauge parameter dependence is under
control for xi<1. Our calculation also suggests that the choice of Landau gauge
may minimize gauge-dependent effects.


title: Adjusted Viterbi training for hidden Markov models

abstract:
  To estimate the emission parameters in hidden Markov models one commonly uses
the EM algorithm or its variation. Our primary motivation, however, is the
Philips speech recognition system wherein the EM algorithm is replaced by the
Viterbi training algorithm. Viterbi training is faster and computationally less
involved than EM, but it is also biased and need not even be consistent. We
propose an alternative to the Viterbi training -- adjusted Viterbi training --
that has the same order of computational complexity as Viterbi training but
gives more accurate estimators. Elsewhere, we studied the adjusted Viterbi
training for a special case of mixtures, supporting the theory by simulations.
This paper proves the adjusted Viterbi training to be also possible for more
general hidden Markov models.


title: On the relation between the WRT invariant and the Hennings invariant

abstract:
  The purpose of this note is to provide a simple relation between the
Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SO(3) invariant and the Hennings invariant of
3-manifolds associated to quantum sl_2.


title: Electroproduction of Soft Pions at Large Momentum Transfers

abstract:
  We consider pion electroproduction on a proton target close to threshold for
Q^2 in the region 1-10 GeV^2. The momentum transfer dependence of the S-wave
multipoles at threshold, E_{0+} and L_{0+}, is calculated using light-cone sum
rules.


title:
Monte Carlo simulation method for Laughlin-like states in a disk
  geometry

abstract:
  We discuss an alternative accurate Monte Carlo method to calculate the
ground-state energy and related quantities for Laughlin states of the
fractional quantum Hall effect in a disk geometry. This alternative approach
allows us to obtain accurate bulk regime (thermodynamic limit) values for
various quantities from Monte Carlo simulations with a small number of
particles (much smaller than that needed with standard Monte Carlo approaches).


title:
An inhomogeneous Josephson phase in thin-film and High-Tc
  superconductors

abstract:
  In many cases inhomogeneities are known to exist near the metal (or
superconductor)-insulator transition, as follows from well-known domain-wall
arguments. If the conducting regions are large enough (i.e. when the T=0
superconducting gap is much larger than the single-electron level spacing), and
if they have superconducting correlations, it becomes energetically favorable
for the system to go into a Josephson-coupled zero-resistance state before
(i.e. at higher resistance than) becoming a "real" metal. We show that this is
plausible by a simple comparison of the relevant coupling constants. For small
grains in the above sense, the electronic grain structure is washed out by
delocalization and thus becomes irrelevant. When the proposed "Josephson state"
is quenched by a magnetic field, an insulating, rather then a metallic, state
should appear. This has been shown to be consistent with the existing data on
oxide materials as well as ultra-thin films. We discuss the Uemura correlations
versus the Homes law, and derive the former for the large-grain Josephson array
(inhomogenous superconductor) model. The small-grain case behaves like a dirty
homogenous metal. It should obey the Homes law provided that the system is in
the dirty supeconductivity limit. A speculation why that is typically the case
for d-wave superconductors is presented.


title:
Exact enumeration of Hamiltonian circuits, walks, and chains in two and
  three dimensions

abstract:
  We present an algorithm for enumerating exactly the number of Hamiltonian
chains on regular lattices in low dimensions. By definition, these are sets of
k disjoint paths whose union visits each lattice vertex exactly once. The
well-known Hamiltonian circuits and walks appear as the special cases k=0 and
k=1 respectively. In two dimensions, we enumerate chains on L x L square
lattices up to L=12, walks up to L=17, and circuits up to L=20. Some results
for three dimensions are also given. Using our data we extract several
quantities of physical interest.


title: Unbiased sampling of globular lattice proteins in three dimensions

abstract:
  We present a Monte Carlo method that allows efficient and unbiased sampling
of Hamiltonian walks on a cubic lattice. Such walks are self-avoiding and visit
each lattice site exactly once. They are often used as simple models of
globular proteins, upon adding suitable local interactions. Our algorithm can
easily be equipped with such interactions, but we study here mainly the
flexible homopolymer case where each conformation is generated with uniform
probability. We argue that the algorithm is ergodic and has dynamical exponent
z=0. We then use it to study polymers of size up to 64^3 = 262144 monomers.
Results are presented for the effective interaction between end points, and the
interaction with the boundaries of the system.


title:
Construction of Fredholm representations and a modification of the
  Higson-Roe corona

abstract:
  The Fredholm representation theory is well adapted to construction of
homotopy invariants of non simply connected manifolds on the base of
generalized Hirzebruch formula. Earlier a natural family of the Fredholm
representations was constructed that lead to a symmetric vector bundle on
completion of the fundamental group with a modification of the Higson-Roe
corona when the completion is a closed manifold. Here we will discuss a
homology version of symmetry in the case when completion with a modification of
the Higson-Roe corona is a manifold with boundary. The results were developed
during the visit of the first author in Ancona on March, 2007. The second
version is supplemented by details of consideration the case of manifolds with
boundary.


title: Branched Polymers

abstract:
  Building on and from the work of Brydges and Imbrie, we give an elementary
calculation of the volume of the space of branched polymers of order $n$ in the
plane and in 3-space. Our development reveals some more general identities, and
allows exact random sampling. In particular we show that a random 3-dimensional
branched polymer of order $n$ has diameter of order $\sqrt{n}$.


title: Integrable operators and the squares of Hankel operators

abstract:
  Integrable operators arise in random matrix theory, where they describe the
asymptotic eigenvalue distributions of large self-adjoint random matrices from
the generalized unitary ensembles. This paper gives sufficient conditions for
an integrable operator to be the square of a Hankel operator, and applies the
condition to the Airy, associated Laguerre, modified Besses and Whittaker
functions.


title: Spiral Growth and Step Edge Barriers

abstract:
  The growth of spiral mounds containing a screw dislocation is compared to the
growth of wedding cakes by two-dimensional nucleation. Using phase field
simulations and homoepitaxial growth experiments on the Pt(111) surface we show
that both structures attain the same characteristic large scale shape when a
significant step edge barrier suppresses interlayer transport. The higher
vertical growth rate observed for the spiral mounds on Pt(111) reflects the
different incorporation mechanisms for atoms in the top region and can be
formally represented by an enhanced apparent step edge barrier.


title:
Search for X-ray bursts in the INTEGRAL/IBIS data of 2003-2005 and
  discovery of the new X-ray burster IGR J17364-2711/17380-3749

abstract:
  All the observations performed with the IBIS telescope aboard the INTEGRAL
observatory during the first 2.5 years of its in-orbit operation have been
analyzed to find X-ray bursts. There were 1788 statistically confident events
with a duration from 5 to 500 s revealed in time records of the 15-25 keV count
rate of the IBIS/ISGRI detector, 319 of them were localized and, with one
exception, identified with persistent X-ray sources. The known bursters were
responsible for 215 of the localized events. One burst was detected from
AXJ1754.2-2754, the source previously unknown as a burster, and another burst -
from a new source. There was duality in determining its position - its name
could be either IGR J17364-2711 or IGR J17380-3749. Curiously enough, the 138
bursts were detected from one X-ray burster - GX 354-0.


title:
Direct observation of high-speed plasma outflows produced by magnetic
  reconnection in solar impulsive events

abstract:
  Spectroscopic observations of a solar limb flare recorded by SUMER on SOHO
reveal, for the first time, hot fast magnetic reconnection outflows in the
corona. As the reconnection site rises across the SUMER spectrometer slit,
significant blue- and red-shift signatures are observed in sequence in the Fe
XIX line, reflecting upflows and downflows of hot plasma jets, respectively.
With the projection effect corrected, the measured outflow speed is between
900-3500 km/s, consistent with theoretical predictions of the Alfvenic outflows
in magnetic reconnection region in solar impulsive events. Based on theoretic
models, the magnetic field strength near the reconnection region is estimated
to be 19-37 Gauss.


title: Queueing for ergodic arrivals and services

abstract:
  In this paper we revisit the results of Loynes (1962) on stability of queues
for ergodic arrivals and services, and show examples when the arrivals are
bounded and ergodic, the service rate is constant, and under stability the
limit distribution has larger than exponential tail.


title: Conjugate Points in Length Spaces

abstract:
  In this paper we extend the concept of a conjugate point in a Riemannian
manifold to complete length spaces (also known as geodesic spaces). In
particular, we introduce symmetric conjugate points and ultimate conjugate
points. We then generalize the long homotopy lemma of Klingenberg to this
setting as well as the injectivity radius estimate also due to Klingenberg
which was used to produce closed geodesics or conjugate points on Riemannian
manifolds. Our versions apply in this more general setting. We next focus on
${\rm CBA}(\kappa)$ spaces, proving Rauch-type comparison theorems. In
particular, much like the Riemannian setting, we prove an Alexander-Bishop
theorem stating that there are no ultimate conjugate points less than $\pi$
apart in a ${\rm CBA}(1)$ space. We also prove a relative Rauch comparison
theorem to precisely estimate the distance between nearby geodesics. We close
with applications and open problems.


title: A new method for the numerical evaluation of one-loop amplitudes

abstract:
  We recently presented a new method for the evaluation of one-loop amplitude
of arbitrary scattering processes, in which the reduction to scalar integrals
is performed at the integrand level. In this talk, we review the main features
of the method and briefly summarize the results of the first calculations
performed using it.


title: Diffusion, super-diffusion and coalescence from single step

abstract:
  From the exact single step evolution equation of the two-point correlation
function of a particle distribution subjected to a stochastic displacement
field $\bu(\bx)$, we derive different dynamical regimes when $\bu(\bx)$ is
iterated to build a velocity field. First we show that spatially uncorrelated
fields $\bu(\bx)$ lead to both standard and anomalous diffusion equation. When
the field $\bu(\bx)$ is spatially correlated each particle performs a simple
free Brownian motion, but the trajectories of different particles result to be
mutually correlated. The two-point statistical properties of the field
$\bu(\bx)$ induce two-point spatial correlations in the particle distribution
satisfying a simple but non-trivial diffusion-like equation. These
displacement-displacement correlations lead the system to three possible
regimes: coalescence, simple clustering and a combination of the two. The
existence of these different regimes, in the one-dimensional system, is shown
through computer simulations and a simple theoretical argument.


title: Noetherian Hopf algebras

abstract:
  This short survey article reviews current understand- ing of the structure of
noetherian Hopf algebras. The focus is on homological properties. A number of
open problems are listed.


title: Higgs boson in non-minimal models at the LHC

abstract:
  While approaching the start of the data taking at the LHC, ATLAS and CMS
perform studies involving the Higgs boson within non-minimal models besides
Supersymmetric models. Highlights from both experiments are summarized; all
results refer to LHC low luminosity conditions of 10^33 cm^-2 s^-1.


title: Fractal Weyl law for quantum fractal eigenstates

abstract:
  The properties of the resonant Gamow states are studied numerically in the
semiclassical limit for the quantum Chirikov standard map with absorption. It
is shown that the number of such states is described by the fractal Weyl law
and their Husimi distributions closely follow the strange repeller set formed
by classical orbits nonescaping in future times. For large matrices the
distribution of escape rates converges to a fixed shape profile characterized
by a spectral gap related to the classical escape rate.

categories: cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall math-ph math.MP nlin.CD


title:
On the Klein-Gordon equation and hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function
  theory

abstract:
  Elliptic pseudoanalytic function theory was considered independently by Bers
and Vekua decades ago. In this paper we develop a hyperbolic analogue of
pseudoanalytic function theory using the algebra of hyperbolic numbers. We
consider the Klein-Gordon equation with a potential. With the aid of one
particular solution we factorize the Klein-Gordon operator in terms of two
Vekua-type operators. We show that real parts of the solutions of one of these
Vekua-type operators are solutions of the considered Klein-Gordon equation.
Using hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory, we then obtain explicit
construction of infinite systems of solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with
potential. Finally, we give some examples of application of the proposed
procedure.


title: Symplectic reflection algebras in positive characteristic

abstract:
  Basic properties of symplectic reflection algebras over an algebraically
closed field k of positive characteristic are laid out. These algebras are
always finite modules over their centres, in contrast to the situation in
characteristic 0. For the subclass of rational Cherednik algebras, we determine
the PI-degree and the Goldie rank, and show that the Azumaya and smooth loci of
the centre coincide.


title:
Radiative decay of the dynamically generated open and hidden charm
  scalar meson resonances D_{s0}^*(2317) and X(3700)

abstract:
  We present the formalism for the decay of dynamically generated scalar mesons
with open- or hidden-charm and give results for the decay of D^*_{s0} (2317) to
\gamma D_s^* plus that of a hidden charm scalar meson state predicted by the
theory around 3700 MeV decaying into \gamma J/\psi.


title: Robust Dimension Reduction, Fusion Frames, and Grassmannian Packings

abstract:
  We consider estimating a random vector from its noisy projections onto low
dimensional subspaces constituting a fusion frame. A fusion frame is a
collection of subspaces, for which the sum of the projection operators onto the
subspaces is bounded below and above by constant multiples of the identity
operator. We first determine the minimum mean-squared error (MSE) in linearly
estimating the random vector of interest from its fusion frame projections, in
the presence of white noise. We show that MSE assumes its minimum value when
the fusion frame is tight. We then analyze the robustness of the constructed
linear minimum MSE (LMMSE) estimator to erasures of the fusion frame subspaces.
We prove that tight fusion frames consisting of equi-dimensional subspaces have
maximum robustness (in the MSE sense) with respect to erasures of one subspace,
and that the optimal subspace dimension depends on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
We also prove that tight fusion frames consisting of equi-dimensional subspaces
with equal pairwise chordal distances are most robust with respect to two and
more subspace erasures. We call such fusion frames equi-distance tight fusion
frames, and prove that the chordal distance between subspaces in such fusion
frames meets the so-called simplex bound, and thereby establish connections
between equi-distance tight fusion frames and optimal Grassmannian packings.
Finally, we present several examples for construction of equi-distance tight
fusion frames.


title:
Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via
  a resonant cavity

abstract:
  A network of quantum-mechanical systems showing long lived phase coherence of
its quantum states could be used for processing quantum information. As with
classical information processing, a quantum processor requires information bits
(qubits) that can be independently addressed and read out, long-term memory
elements to store arbitrary quantum states, and the ability to transfer quantum
information through a coherent communication bus accessible to a large number
of qubits. Superconducting qubits made with scalable microfabrication
techniques are a promising candidate for the realization of a large scale
quantum information processor. Although these systems have successfully passed
tests of coherent coupling for up to four qubits, communication of individual
quantum states between qubits via a quantum bus has not yet been demonstrated.
Here, we perform an experiment demonstrating the ability to coherently transfer
quantum states between two superconducting Josephson phase qubits through a
rudimentary quantum bus formed by a single, on chip, superconducting
transmission line resonant cavity of length 7 mm. After preparing an initial
quantum state with the first qubit, this quantum information is transferred and
stored as a nonclassical photon state of the resonant cavity, then retrieved at
a later time by the second qubit connected to the opposite end of the cavity.
Beyond simple communication, these results suggest that a high quality factor
superconducting cavity could also function as a long term memory element. The
basic architecture presented here is scalable, offering the possibility for the
coherent communication between a large number of superconducting qubits.


title: The abelian cosets of the Heisenberg group

abstract:
  In this paper we study the abelian cosets of the H(4) WZW model. They
coincide or are related to several interesting three-dimensional backgrounds
such as the Melvin model, the conical point-particle space-times and the null
orbifold. We perform a detailed CFT analysis of all the models and compute the
coset characters as well as some typical three-point couplings of coset
primaries.


title: A Soft X-ray Polarimeter Designed for Broad-band X-ray Telescopes

abstract:
  A novel approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band
using conventional imaging optics and cameras is described. A new type of high
efficiency grating, called the critical angle transmission grating is used to
disperse soft X-rays radially from the telescope axis. A set of
multilayer-coated paraboloids re-image the dispersed X-rays to rings in the
focal plane. The intensity variation around these rings is measured to
determine three Stokes parameters: I, Q, and U. By laterally grading the
multilayer optics and matching the dispersion of the gratings, one may take
advantage of high multilayer reflectivities and achieve modulation factors over
50% over the entire 0.2 to 0.8 keV band. A sample design is shown that could be
used with the Constellation-X optics.


title: Buckling and force propagation along intracellular microtubules

abstract:
  Motivated by recent experiments showing the buckling of microtubules in
cells, we study theoretically the mechanical response of, and force propagation
along elastic filaments embedded in a non-linear elastic medium. We find that,
although embedded microtubules still buckle when their compressive load exceeds
the critical value $f_c$ found earlier, the resulting deformation is restricted
to a penetration depth that depends on both the non-linear material properties
of the surrounding cytoskeleton, as well as the direct coupling of the
microtubule to the cytoskeleton. The deformation amplitude depends on the
applied load $f$ as $(f- f_c)^{1/2}$. This work shows how the range of
compressive force transmission by microtubules can be as large as tens of
microns and is governed by the mechanical coupling to the surrounding
cytoskeleton.


title: The twisted fourth moment of the Riemann zeta function

abstract:
  We compute the asymptotics of the fourth moment of the Riemann zeta function
times an arbitrary Dirichlet polynomial of length $T^{{1/11} - \epsilon}$


title: Pushdown Compression

abstract:
  The pressing need for eficient compression schemes for XML documents has
recently been focused on stack computation [6, 9], and in particular calls for
a formulation of information-lossless stack or pushdown compressors that allows
a formal analysis of their performance and a more ambitious use of the stack in
XML compression, where so far it is mainly connected to parsing mechanisms. In
this paper we introduce the model of pushdown compressor, based on pushdown
transducers that compute a single injective function while keeping the widest
generality regarding stack computation. The celebrated Lempel-Ziv algorithm
LZ78 [10] was introduced as a general purpose compression algorithm that
outperforms finite-state compressors on all sequences. We compare the
performance of the Lempel-Ziv algorithm with that of the pushdown compressors,
or compression algorithms that can be implemented with a pushdown transducer.
This comparison is made without any a priori assumption on the data's source
and considering the asymptotic compression ratio for infinite sequences. We
prove that Lempel-Ziv is incomparable with pushdown compressors.


title: Adding flavour to twistor strings

abstract:
  Twistor string theory is known to describe a wide variety of field theories
at tree-level and has proved extremely useful in making substantial progress in
perturbative gauge theory. We explore the twistor dual description of a class
of N=2 UV-finite super-Yang-Mills theories with fundamental flavour by adding
'flavour' branes to the topological B-model on super-twistor space and comment
on the appearance of these objects. Evidence for the correspondence is provided
by matching amplitudes on both sides.


title: Lorentz Violation in a Diffeomorphism-Invariant Theory

abstract:
  In a diffeomorphism invariant theory, symmetry breaking may be a mask for
coordinate choice.


title:
First simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the BL Lac object
  1ES1959+650 in a steady state with MAGIC and Suzaku/Swift

abstract:
  Simultaneous multiwavelength observations were conducted for the BL Lac
object 1ES1959+650 in a steady state in May 2006 with the MAGIC telescope and
the X-ray satellites Suzaku and Swift. Swift can also provide multi-filter
photometry in the UV-optical band. The source was clearly detected in all
observed energy bands, from the optical to TeV. With respect to previous
observations the source was in a low state in the very high energy (VHE) band
(~10% Crab flux above 300 GeV) but in a relatively high state in the X-ray
band. The light curves showed rather stable activities, with no significant
variability in the VHE gamma-ray emission and small variability (~10%
amplitude) in the X-ray band. The observed spectral energy distribution in the
steady state can be described by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.


title: Cosmological Constraints on Unparticles as Continuous Mass Scalars

abstract:
  We study the cosmological constraints on unparticle interactions and the
temperature of the Universe for the case where unparticle states can be
modelled as continuous mass particles with lifetime > 1s. By considering
thermal background quark decay to continuous mass scalars via a scalar operator
of dimension d_{U}, we show that the condition that the Universe is not
dominated by scalars at nucleosynthesis imposes a lower bound on the scale of
the interaction of the unparticle sector, with M_{U} > 20-2600 TeV for
\Lambda_{U} > 1 \TeV$, 1.1 < d_{U} < 2.0 and 2 < d_{BZ} < 4. The existence of a
long-lived scalar sector also imposes an upper bound on the temperature of the
Universe during radiation-domination, which can be as low as a TeV for M_{U}
close to its lower bound.


title:
Electronic structure of the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe from
  first principles

abstract:
  The superconductor UCoGe is analyzed with electronic structure calculations
using Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method based on Density Functional
Theory. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic calculations with and without
correlations (via LDA+U) were done. In this compound the Fermi level is
situated in a region where the main contribution to DOS comes from the U-5f
orbital. The magnetic moment is mainly due to the Co-3d orbital with a small
contribution from the U-5f orbital. The possibility of fully non-collinear
magnetism in this compound seems to be ruled out. These results are compared
with the isostructural compound URhGe, in this case the magnetism comes mostly
from the U-5f orbital.


title: The advantage of L\'evy strategies in intermittent search processes

abstract:
  Search strategies based on random walk processes with long-tailed jump length
distributions (Levy walks) on the one hand and intermittent behavior switching
between local search and ballistic relocation phases on the other, have been
previously shown to be beneficial in stochastic target finding problems. We
here study a combination of both mechanisms: an intermittent process with Levy
distributed relocations. We demonstrate how Levy distributed relocations reduce
oversampling and thus further optimize the intermittent search strategy in the
critical situation of rare targets.


title:
A spectral atlas of post-main-sequence stars in omega Centauri:
  kinematics, evolution, enrichment and interstellar medium

abstract:
  We present a spectral atlas of the post-main-sequence population of the most
massive Galactic globular cluster, omega Centauri. Spectra were obtained of
more than 1500 stars selected as uniformly as possible from across the (B, B-V)
colour-magnitude diagram of the proper motion cluster member candidates of van
Leeuwen et al. (2000). The spectra were obtained with the 2dF multi-fibre
spectrograph at the Anglo Australian Telescope, and cover the approximate range
lambda~3840-4940 Angstroem. We measure the radial velocities, effective
temperatures, metallicities and surface gravities by fitting ATLAS9 stellar
atmosphere models. We analyse the cluster membership and stellar kinematics,
interstellar absorption in the Ca II K line at 3933 Angstroem, the RR Lyrae
instability strip and the extreme horizontal branch, the metallicity spread and
bimodal CN abundance distribution of red giants, nitrogen and s-process
enrichment, carbon stars, pulsation-induced Balmer line emission on the
asymptotic giant branch (AGB), and the nature of the post-AGB and UV-bright
stars. Membership is confirmed for the vast majority of stars, and the radial
velocities clearly show the rotation of the cluster core. We identify
long-period RR Lyrae-type variables with low gravity, and low-amplitude
variables coinciding with warm RR Lyrae stars. A barium enhancement in the
coolest red giants indicates that 3rd dredge-up operates in AGB stars in omega
Cen. This is distinguished from the pre-enrichment by more massive AGB stars,
which is also seen in our data. The properties of the AGB, post-AGB and
UV-bright stars suggest that RGB mass loss may be less efficient at very low
metallicity, [Fe/H]<<-1, increasing the importance of mass loss on the AGB. The
catalogue and spectra are made available via CDS.


title: The birth place of the type Ic Supernova 2007gr

abstract:
  We report our attempts to locate the progenitor of the peculiar type Ic SN
2007gr in HST pre-explosion images of the host galaxy, NGC 1058. Aligning
adaptive optics Altair/NIRI imaging of SN 2007gr from the Gemini (North)
Telescope with the pre-explosion HST WFPC2 images, we identify the SN position
on the HST frames with an accuracy of 20 mas. Although nothing is detected at
the SN position we show that it lies on the edge of a bright source, 134+/-23
mas (6.9 pc) from its nominal centre. Based on its luminosity we suggest that
this object is possibly an unresolved, compact and coeval cluster and that the
SN progenitor was a cluster member, although we note that model profile fitting
favours a single bright star. We find two solutions for the age of this assumed
cluster; 7-/+0.5 Myrs and 20-30 Myrs, with turn-off masses of 28+/-4 Msun and
12-9 Msun respectively. Pre-explosion ground-based K-band images marginally
favour the younger cluster age/higher turn-off mass. Assuming the SN progenitor
was a cluster member, the turn-off mass provides the best estimate for its
initial mass. More detailed observations, after the SN has faded, should
determine if the progenitor was indeed part of a cluster, and if so allow an
age estimate to within ~2 Myrs thereby favouring either a high mass single star
or lower mass interacting binary progenitor.


title: A systematic expansion for relativistic causal hydrodynamics

abstract:
  A systematic expansion of the Boltzmann equation for the diffusion of dilute
tracers, in powers of the Knudsen number, carried out to next-to-leading order
(NLO), gives the relativistic causal diffusion equation (Kelly's equation).
Using dimensionless combinations of dynamical quantities, we show when the
small NLO term plays a crucially important role. We proceed to show that a
derivation of Kelly's equation from a microscopic theory of the correlation
function of the number density of diffusers is possible. The correlator fulfils
the Green-Kubo relation for the diffusion constant, as well as an f-sum which
goes beyond a purely phenomenological causal theory. We argue that the
construction generalizes to the full hydrodynamic equations.


title: Some remarks about Clifford analysis and fractal sets

abstract:
  Although Clifford analysis is like complex analysis in many ways, there are
obvious differences related to noncommutativity, and a few aspects of this are
considered here.


title:
Two-spin subsystem entanglement in spin 1/2 rings with long range
  interactions

abstract:
  We consider the two-spin subsystem entanglement for eigenstates of the
Hamiltonian
  \[ H= \sum_{1\leq j< k \leq N} (\frac{1}{r_{j,k}})^{\alpha} {\mathbf
\sigma}_j\cdot {\mathbf \sigma}_k \] for a ring of $N$ spins 1/2 with
asssociated spin vector operator $(\hbar /2){\bf \sigma}_j$ for the $j$-th
spin. Here $r_{j,k}$ is the chord-distance betwen sites $j$ and $k$. The case
$\alpha =2$ corresponds to the solvable Haldane-Shastry model whose spectrum
has very high degeneracies not present for $\alpha \neq 2$. Two spin subsystem
entanglement shows high sensistivity and distinguishes $\alpha =2$ from $\alpha
\neq 2$. There is no entanglement beyond nearest neighbors for all eigenstates
when $\alpha =2$. Whereas for $\alpha \neq 2$ one has selective entanglement at
any distance for eigenstates of sufficiently high energy in a certain interval
of $\alpha$ which depends on the energy. The ground state (which is a singlet
only for even $N$) does not have entanglement beyond nearest neighbors, and the
nearest neighbor entanglement is virtually independent of the range of the
interaction controlled by $\alpha$.


title:
Cleaning the USNO-B Catalog through automatic detection of optical
  artifacts

abstract:
  The USNO-B Catalog contains spurious entries that are caused by diffraction
spikes and circular reflection halos around bright stars in the original
imaging data. These spurious entries appear in the Catalog as if they were real
stars; they are confusing for some scientific tasks. The spurious entries can
be identified by simple computer vision techniques because they produce
repeatable patterns on the sky. Some techniques employed here are variants of
the Hough transform, one of which is sensitive to (two-dimensional)
overdensities of faint stars in thin right-angle cross patterns centered on
bright ($<13 \mag$) stars, and one of which is sensitive to thin annular
overdensities centered on very bright ($<7 \mag$) stars. After enforcing
conservative statistical requirements on spurious-entry identifications, we
find that of the 1,042,618,261 entries in the USNO-B Catalog, 24,148,382 of
them ($2.3 \percent$) are identified as spurious by diffraction-spike criteria
and 196,133 ($0.02 \percent$) are identified as spurious by reflection-halo
criteria. The spurious entries are often detected in more than 2 bands and are
not overwhelmingly outliers in any photometric properties; they therefore
cannot be rejected easily on other grounds, i.e., without the use of computer
vision techniques. We demonstrate our method, and return to the community in
electronic form a table of spurious entries in the Catalog.


title: The Noncommutative Standard Model at the ILC

abstract:
  We study phenomenological consequences of a noncommutative extension of the
standard model in the theta-expanded approach at the ILC. We estimate the
sensitivity of the ILC for the noncommutative scale Lambda_NC. Comparing with
earlier estimates for the LHC, we demonstrate the complementarity of the
experiments at the two colliders.


title: Densities in Fabry's theorem

abstract:
  Fabry's theorem on the singularities of power series is improved: the maximum
density in the assumptions of this theorem is replaced by an interior density
of Beurling--Malliavin type.


title: Magnetically Torqued Thin Accretion Disks

abstract:
  We compute the properties of a geometrically thin, steady accretion disk
surrounding a central rotating, magnetized star. The magnetosphere is assumed
to entrain the disk over a wide range of radii. The model is simplified in that
we adopt two (alternate) ad hoc, but plausible, expressions for the azimuthal
component of the magnetic field as a function of radial distance. We find a
solution for the angular velocity profile tending to corotation close to the
central star, and smoothly matching a Keplerian curve at a radius where the
viscous stress vanishes. The value of this ''transition'' radius is nearly the
same for both of our adopted B-field models. We then solve analytically for the
torques on the central star and for the disk luminosity due to gravity and
magnetic torques. When expressed in a dimensionless form, the resulting
quantities depend on one parameter alone, the ratio of the transition radius to
the corotation radius. For rapid rotators, the accretion disk may be powered
mostly by spin-down of the central star. These results are independent of the
viscosity prescription in the disk. We also solve for the disk structure for
the special case of an optically thick alpha disk. Our results are applicable
to a range of astrophysical systems including accreting neutron stars,
intermediate polar cataclysmic variables, and T Tauri systems.


title:
Radiation-induced large-scale structure during the reionization epoch:
  the autocorrelation function

abstract:
  The structures produced during the epoch of reionization by the action of
radiation on neutral hydrogen are in principle different to those that arise
through gravitational growth of initially small perturbations. We explore the
difference between the two mechanisms using high resolution cosmological
radiative transfer. Our computations use a Monte Carlo code which raytraces
directly through SPH kernels without a grid, preserving the high spatial
resolution of the underlying hydrodynamic simulation. Because the properties of
the first sources of radiation are uncertain, we simulate a range of models
with different source properties and recombination physics. We examine the
morphology of the neutral hydrogren distribution and the reionization history
in these models. We find that at fixed mean neutral fraction, structures are
visually most affected by the existence of a lower limit in source luminosity,
then by galaxy mass to light ratio, and are minimally affected by changes in
the recombination rate and amplitude of mass fluctuations. We concentrate on
the autocorrelation function of the neutral hydrogen, xi_HI(r) as a basic
quantitive measure of Radiation Induced Structure (RIS.) All the models we test
exhibit a characteristic behaviour, with xi_HI(r) becoming initially linearly
antibiased with respect to the matter correlation function, reaching a minimum
bias factor b~0.5 when the universe is ~10-20% ionized. After this xi_HI(r)
increases rapidly in amplitude, overtaking the matter correlation function. It
keeps a power law shape, but flattens considerably, reaching an asymptotic
logarithmic slope of gamma ~-0.5. The growth rate of HI fluctuations is
exponentially more rapid than gravitational growth over a brief interval of
redshift Deltaz ~ 2-3.


title:
Upgrade of the MAGIC Telescope with a Multiplexed Fiber-Optic 2
  GSamples/s FADC Data Acquisition system

abstract:
  In February 2007 the MAGIC Air Cherenkov Telescope for gamma ray astronomy
was fully upgraded with a fast 2 GSamples/s digitization system. The upgraded
readout system uses a novel fiber-optic multiplexing technique. It consists of
10-bit 2 GSamples/s FADCs to digitize 16 channels consecutively and optical
fibers to delay the analog signals. A distributed data acquisition system using
GBit Ethernet and FiberChannel technology allows to read out the 100 kByte
events with a continuous rate of up to 1 kHz.


title: On the Search for Quasar Light Echoes

abstract:
  The UV radiation from a quasar leaves a characteristic pattern in the
distribution of ionized hydrogen throughout the surrounding space. This pattern
or light echo propagates through the intergalactic medium at the speed of
light, and can be observed by its imprint on the Ly-alpha forest spectra of
background sources. As the echo persists after the quasar has switched off, it
offers the possibility of searching for dead quasars, and constraining their
luminosities and lifetimes. We outline a technique to search for and
characterize these light echoes. To test the method, we create artificial
Ly-alpha forest spectra from cosmological simulations at z=3, apply light
echoes and search for them. We show how the simulations can also be used to
quantify the significance level of any detection. We find that light echoes
from the brightest quasars could be found in observational data. With
absorption line spectra of 100 redshift z~3-3.5 quasars or galaxies in a 1
square degree area, we expect that ~10 echoes from quasars with B band
luminosities L_B=3x10^45 ergs/s exist that could be found at 95% confidence,
assuming a quasar lifetime of ~10^7 yr. Even a null result from such a search
would have interesting implications for our understanding of quasar
luminosities and lifetimes.


title: Loop quantum gravity corrections to gravitational wave dispersion

abstract:
  Cosmological tensor perturbations equations are derived for Hamiltonian
cosmology based on Ashtekar's formulation of general relativity, including
typical quantum gravity effects in the Hamiltonian constraint as they are
expected from loop quantum gravity. This translates to corrections of the
dispersion relation for gravitational waves. The main application here is the
preservation of causality which is shown to be realized due to the absence of
anomalies in the effective constraint algebra used.


title: Reduction Procedures in Classical and Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  We present, in a pedagogical style, many instances of reduction procedures
appearing in a variety of physical situations, both classical and quantum. We
concentrate on the essential aspects of any reduction procedure, both in the
algebraic and geometrical setting, elucidating the analogies and the
differences between the classical and the quantum situations.


title: Phase Quenched Lattice QCD at Finite Density and Temperature

abstract:
  We simulate 3-flavour lattice QCD at finite quark-number chemical potential
mu in the phase-quenched approximation, close to the finite temperature
transition. Working close to the critical quark mass, we find no evidence for
the expected critical endpoint at small mu. We are performing further
simulations aimed at calculating the equation-of-state of this theory outside
of the superfluid domain, where its phase structure is expected to mimic the
full theory.


title: On planar gluon amplitudes/Wilson loops duality

abstract:
  There is growing evidence that on-shell gluon scattering amplitudes in planar
N=4 SYM theory are equivalent to Wilson loops evaluated over contours
consisting of straight, light-like segments defined by the momenta of the
external gluons. This equivalence was first suggested at strong coupling using
the AdS/CFT correspondence and has since been verified at weak coupling to one
loop in perturbation theory. Here we perform an explicit two-loop calculation
of the Wilson loop dual to the four-gluon scattering amplitude and demonstrate
that the relation holds beyond one loop. We also propose an anomalous conformal
Ward identity which uniquely fixes the form of the finite part (up to an
additive constant) of the Wilson loop dual to four- and five-gluon amplitudes,
in complete agreement with the BDS conjecture for the multi-gluon MHV
amplitudes.


title:
The Effect of Dark Matter on the First Stars: A New Phase of Stellar
  Evolution

abstract:
  Dark matter (DM) in protostellar halos can dramatically alter the current
theoretical framework for the formation of the first stars. Heat from
supersymmetric DM annihilation can overwhelm any cooling mechanism,
consequently impeding the star formation process and possibly leading to a new
stellar phase. The first stars to form in the universe may be ``dark stars'';
i.e., giant (larger than 1 AU) hydrogen-helium stars powered by DM annihilation
instead of nuclear fusion. Possibilities for detecting dark stars are
discussed.


title: Yang-Mills Ground State in 2+1 Dimensions and Temporal Gauge

abstract:
  A gauge-invariant wavefunctional is proposed as an approximation to the
ground state of Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions, quantized in temporal
gauge. The proposed vacuum state is the true ground state of the appropriate
Hamiltonian in both the free-field limit, and in a zero mode strong-field
limit. Confinement, in this approach, arises via dimensional reduction, and we
present numerical results for the mass gap. The issue of color screening is
briefly discussed.


title:
Simplified Proofs for the Pro-Lie Group Theorem and the One-Parameter
  Subgroup Lifting Lemma

abstract:
  This note is devoted to the theory of projective limits of finite-dimensional
Lie groups, as developed in the recent monograph ``The Lie Theory of Connected
Pro-Lie Groups'' by K.H. Hofmann and S.A. Morris. We replace the original,
highly non-trivial proof of the One-Parameter Subgroup Lifting Lemma given in
the monograph by a shorter and more elementary argument. Furthermore, we
shorten (and correct) the proof of the so-called Pro-Lie Group Theorem, which
asserts that pro-Lie groups and projective limits of Lie groups coincide.


title:
Sub-luminal wave bullets: Exact Localized subluminal Solutions to the
  Wave Equations

abstract:
  In this work it is shown how to obtain, in a simple way, localized (non-
diffractive) subluminal pulses as exact analytic solutions to the wave
equations. These new ideal subluminal solutions, which propagate without
distortion in any homogeneous linear media, are herein obtained for arbitrarily
chosen frequencies and bandwidths, avoiding in particular any recourse to the
non-causal components so frequently plaguing the previously known localized
waves. The new solutions are suitable superpositions of --zeroth-order, in
general-- Bessel beams, which can be performed either by integrating with
respect to (w.r.t.) the angular frequency, or by integrating w.r.t. the
longitudinal wavenumber: Both methods are expounded in this paper. The first
one appears to be powerful enough; we study the second method as well, however,
since it allows dealing even with the limiting case of zero-speed solutions
(and furnishes a new way, in terms of continuous spectra, for obtaining the
so-called "Frozen Waves", so promising also from the point of view of
applications). We briefly treat the case, moreover, of non-axially symmetric
solutions, in terms of higher order Bessel beams. At last, particular attention
is paid to the role of Special Relativity, and to the fact that the localized
waves are expected to be transformed one into the other by suitable Lorentz
Transformations. The analogous pulses with intrinsic finite energy, or merely
truncated, will be constructed in another paper. In this work we fix our
attention especially on electromagnetism and optics: but results of the present
kind are valid whenever an essential role is played by a wave-equation (like in
acoustics, seismology, geophysics, gravitation, elementary particle physics,
etc.)


title:
The dark energy scale in superconductors: Innovative theoretical and
  experimental concepts

abstract:
  We revisit the cosmological constant problem using the viewpoint that the
observed value of dark energy density in the universe actually represents a
rather natural value arising as the geometric mean of two vacuum energy
densities, one being extremely large and the other one being extremely small.
The corresponding mean energy scale is the Planck-Einstein scale l_PE = (l_P
l_E)^1/2 = (hbar G/ c^3 Lambda)^1/4 ~ 0.037 mm, a natural scale both for dark
energy and the physics of superconductors. We deal with the statistics of
quantum fluctuations underlying dark energy in superconductors and consider a
scale transformation from the Planck scale to the Planck-Einstein scale which
leaves the quantum physics invariant. Our approach unifies various
experimentally confirmed or conjectured effects in superconductors into a
common framework: Cutoff of vacuum fluctuation spectra, formation of Tao balls,
anomalous gravitomagnetic fields, non-classical inertia, and time uncertainties
in radioactive superconductors. We propose several new experiments which may
further elucidate the role of the Planck-Einstein scale in superconductors.


title: Correlations in an expanding gas of hard-core bosons

abstract:
  We consider a longitudinal expansion of a one-dimensional gas of hard-core
bosons suddenly released from a trap. We show that the broken translational
invariance in the initial state of the system is encoded in correlations
between the bosonic occupation numbers in the momentum space. The correlations
are protected by the integrability and exhibit no relaxation during the
expansion.


title: Observational Tests of Modified Gravity

abstract:
  Modified gravity theories have richer observational consequences for
large-scale structure than conventional dark energy models, in that different
observables are not described by a single growth factor even in the linear
regime. We examine the relationships between perturbations in the metric
potentials, density and velocity fields, and discuss strategies for measuring
them using gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster abundances, galaxy
clustering/dynamics and the ISW effect. We show how a broad class of gravity
theories can be tested by combining these probes. A robust way to interpret
observations is by constraining two key functions: the ratio of the two metric
potentials, and the ratio of the Gravitational ``constant'' in the Poisson
equation to Newton's constant. We also discuss quasilinear effects that carry
signatures of gravity, such as through induced three-point correlations.
  Clustering of dark energy can mimic features of modified gravity theories and
thus confuse the search for distinct signatures of such theories. It can
produce pressure perturbations and anisotropic stresses, which breaks the
equality between the two metric potentials even in general relativity. With
these two extra degrees of freedom, can a clustered dark energy model mimic
modified gravity models in all observational tests? We show with specific
examples that observational constraints on both the metric potentials and
density perturbations can in principle distinguish modifications of gravity
from dark energy models. We compare our result with other recent studies that
have slightly different assumptions (and apparently contradictory conclusions).


title:
LBT Discovery of a Yellow Supergiant Eclipsing Binary in the Dwarf
  Galaxy Holmberg IX

abstract:
  In a variability survey of M81 using the Large Binocular Telescope we have
discovered a peculiar eclipsing binary (MV ~ -7.1) in the field of the dwarf
galaxy Holmberg IX. It has a period of 272 days and the light curve is well-fit
by an overcontact model in which both stars are overflowing their Roche lobes.
It is composed by two yellow supergiants (V-I ~ 1 mag, T_eff = 4800 K), rather
than the far more common red or blue supergiants. Such systems must be rare.
While we failed to find any similar systems in the literature, we did, however
note a second example. The SMC F0 supergiant R47 is a bright (MV ~ -7.5)
periodic variable whose All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) light curve is well-fit
as a contact binary with a 181 day period. We propose that these systems are
the progenitors of supernovae like SN 2004et and SN 2006ov, which appeared to
have yellow progenitors. The binary interactions (mass transfer, mass loss)
limit the size of the supergiant to give it a higher surface temperature than
an isolated star at the same core evolutionary stage. We also discuss the
possibility of this variable being a long-period Cepheid.


title: Electroweak Sudakov Corrections using Effective Field Theory

abstract:
  Electroweak Sudakov corrections of the form alpha^n log^m s/M_{W,Z}^2 are
summed using renormalization group evolution in soft-collinear effective theory
(SCET). Results are given for the scalar, vector and tensor form-factors for
fermion and scalar particles. The formalism for including massive gauge bosons
in SCET is developed.


title: Massive color-octet bosons and pairs of resonances at hadron colliders

abstract:
  We analyze collider signatures of massive color-octet bosons whose couplings
to quarks are suppressed. Gauge invariance forces the octets to couple at tree
level only in pairs to gluons, with a strength set by the QCD gauge coupling.
For a spin-1 octet, the cross section for pair production at hadron colliders
is larger than that for a quark of equal mass. The octet decays into two jets,
leading to a 4-jet signature with two pairs of jets forming resonances of the
same mass. For a spin-0 octet the cross section is smaller, and the dominant
decay is into b\bar{b}, or t\bar{t} if kinematically allowed. We estimate that
discovery of spin-1 octets is possible for masses up to 330 GeV at the
Tevatron, and 1 TeV at the LHC with 1 fb^{-1}, while the reach is somewhat
lower for spin-0 octets.


title: ^{17}O and ^{51}V NMR for the zigzag spin-1 chain compound CaV2O4

abstract:
  $^{51}$V NMR studies on CaV2O4 single crystals and $^{17}$O NMR studies on
$^{17}$O-enriched powder samples are reported. The temperature dependences of
the $^{17}$O NMR line width and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate give
strong evidence for a long-range antiferromagnetic transition at Tn = 78 K in
the powder. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that Tn = 69 K in the
crystals. A zero-field $^{51}$V NMR signal was observed at low temperatures (f
$\approx$ 237 MHz at 4.2 K) in the crystals. The field swept spectra with the
field in different directions suggest the presence of two antiferromagnetic
substructures. Each substructure is collinear, with the easy axes of the two
substructures separated by an angle of 19(1) degree, and with their average
direction pointing approximately along the b-axis of the crystal structure. The
two spin substructures contain equal number of spins. The temperature
dependence of the ordered moment, measured up to 45 K, shows the presence of an
energy gap Eg in the antiferromagnetic spin wave excitation spectrum.
Antiferromagnetic spin wave theory suggests that Eg lies between 64 and 98 K.


title: Do Evaporating Black Holes Form Photospheres?

abstract:
  Several authors, most notably Heckler, have claimed that the observable
Hawking emission from a microscopic black hole is significantly modified by the
formation of a photosphere around the black hole due to QED or QCD interactions
between the emitted particles. In this paper we analyze these claims and
identify a number of physical and geometrical effects which invalidate these
scenarios. We point out two key problems. First, the interacting particles must
be causally connected to interact, and this condition is satisfied by only a
small fraction of the emitted particles close to the black hole. Second, a
scattered particle requires a distance ~ E/m_e^2 for completing each
bremsstrahlung interaction, with the consequence that it is improbable for
there to be more than one complete bremsstrahlung interaction per particle near
the black hole. These two effects have not been included in previous analyses.
We conclude that the emitted particles do not interact sufficiently to form a
QED photosphere. Similar arguments apply in the QCD case and prevent a QCD
photosphere (chromosphere) from developing when the black hole temperature is
much greater than Lambda_QCD, the threshold for QCD particle emission.
Additional QCD phenomenological arguments rule out the development of a
chromosphere around black hole temperatures of order Lambda_QCD. In all cases,
the observational signatures of a cosmic or Galactic halo background of
primordial black holes or an individual black hole remain essentially those of
the standard Hawking model, with little change to the detection probability. We
also consider the possibility, as proposed by Belyanin et al. and D. Cline et
al., that plasma interactions between the emitted particles form a photosphere,
and we conclude that this scenario too is not supported.


title: Bremsstrahlung Effects around Evaporating Black Holes

abstract:
  We discuss a variety of bremsstrahlung processes associated with charged
particles emitted by evaporating black holes. We show that such particles
produce a negligible number of bremsstrahlung photons from their scattering off
each other, though at low frequencies inner bremsstrahlung photons dominate
over the direct Hawking emission of photons. This analysis and the further
analysis of the accompanying paper invalidate Heckler's claim that sufficiently
hot evaporating black holes form QED photospheres.


title:
A Direct Precision Measurement of the Intergalactic Lyman-alpha Opacity
  at 2<z<4.2

abstract:
  We directly measure the evolution of the intergalactic Lya effective optical
depth, tau_eff, over the redshift range 2<z<4.2 from a sample of 86
high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise quasar spectra obtained with the ESI and
HIRES spectrographs on Keck, and with the MIKE spectrograph on Magellan. This
represents an improvement over previous analyses of the Lya forest from
high-resolution spectra in this redshift interval of a factor of two in the
size of the data set alone. We pay particular attention to robust error
estimation and extensively test for systematic effects. We find that our
estimates of the quasar continuum levels in the Lya forest obtained by spline
fitting are systematically biased low, with the magnitude of the bias
increasing with redshift, but that this bias can be accounted for using mock
spectra. The mean fractional error is <1% at z=2, 4% at z=3, and 12% at z=4.
Previous measurements of tau_eff at z>~3 based on directly fitting the quasar
continua in the Lya forest, which have generally neglected this effect, are
therefore likely biased low. We provide estimates of the level of absorption
arising from metals in the Lya forest based on both direct and statistical
metal removal results in the literature, finding that this contribution is
~6-9% at z=3 and decreases monotonically with redshift. The high precision of
our measurement, attaining 3% in redshift bins of width Delta z=0.2 around z=3,
indicates significant departures from the best-fit power-law redshift evolution
(tau_eff=0.0018(1+z)^3.92, when metals are left in), particularly near z=3.2.
The observed downward departure is statistically consistent with a similar
feature detected in a precision statistical measurement using Sloan Digital Sky
Survey spectra by Bernardi and coworkers using an independent approach.


title: On rough isometries of Poisson processes on the line

abstract:
  Intuitively, two metric spaces are rough isometric (or quasi-isometric) if
their large-scale metric structure is the same, ignoring fine details. This
concept has proven fundamental in the geometric study of groups. Ab\'{e}rt, and
later Szegedy and Benjamini, have posed several probabilistic questions
concerning this concept. In this article, we consider one of the simplest of
these: are two independent Poisson point processes on the line rough isometric
almost surely? Szegedy conjectured that the answer is positive. Benjamini
proposed to consider a quantitative version which roughly states the following:
given two independent percolations on $\mathbb {N}$, for which constants are
the first $n$ points of the first percolation rough isometric to an initial
segment of the second, with the first point mapping to the first point and with
probability uniformly bounded from below? We prove that the original question
is equivalent to proving that absolute constants are possible in this
quantitative version. We then make some progress toward the conjecture by
showing that constants of order $\sqrt{\log n}$ suffice in the quantitative
version. This is the first result to improve upon the trivial construction
which has constants of order $\log n$. Furthermore, the rough isometry we
construct is (weakly) monotone and we include a discussion of monotone rough
isometries, their properties and an interesting lattice structure inherent in
them.


title: Observations of LSI+61303 with Swift

abstract:
  The TeV emitting high-mass X-ray binary system LSI+61303 was observed with
the Swift satellite from early September 2006 to early January 2007. Many of
these observations were contemporaneous with TeV observations. The data consist
of observations on 24 separate days with durations ranging between 700s and
4700s, and partially cover 4.5 orbital periods of the binary system. We present
here an analysis of the 0.2 to 10keV X-ray data from the Swift-XRT instrument.
Contemporaneous optical data from UVOT are also available.


title: Applications of Fast Convolution on the Sphere

abstract:
  We present several diverse applications of the spherical fast convolution
method suggested by Wandelt and Gorski (2001), which is useful for studies of
telescope optical properties and for construction of shaped filters for
analysis of all-sky data. We study sidelobe pickup in three design concepts for
the CALISTO infrared telescope. The beam convolution allows for direct
comparison of the performance of each telescope design. At 100 microns, the
best of these designs limits sidelobe contamination from Galactic dust emission
to < 0.1 MJy/sr for most of the sky with |b| > 25 deg. With the fast
convolution method, we illustrate the impact of asymmetric primary beams on the
recovery of the temperature power spectrum for the Planck microwave background
mission. Finally, we use the fast convolution method to specify a class of
orientable filters on the sphere, working through a pedagogical example.


title: The one-dimensional Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the heavy-fermion limit

abstract:
  We study the phase diagram of the zero-temperature, one-dimensional
Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model for fixed fermion density in the limit of small
fermionic hopping. This model can be regarded as an instance of a disordered
Bose-Hubbard model with dichotomic values of the stochastic variables. Phase
boundaries between compressible, incompressible (Mott-insulating) and partially
compressible phases are derived analytically within a generalized
strong-coupling expansion and numerically using density matrix renormalization
group (DMRG) methods. We show that first-order correlations in the partially
compressible phases decay exponentially, indicating a glass-type behaviour.
Fluctuations within the respective incompressible phases are determined using
perturbation theory and are compared to DMRG results.


title:
Crystallography, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical
  resistivity of heavy fermion LiV$_2$O$_4$ single crystals grown using a
  self-flux technique

abstract:
  Magnetically pure spinel compound ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ is a rare $d$-electron
heavy fermion. Measurements on single crystals are needed to clarify the
mechanism for the heavy fermion behavior in the pure material. In addition, it
is known that small concentrations ($< 1$ mol%) of magnetic defects in the
structure strongly affect the properties, and measurements on single crystals
containing magnetic defects would help to understand the latter behaviors.
Herein, we report flux growth of ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ and preliminary measurements
to help resolve these questions. The magnetic susceptibility of some as-grown
crystals show a Curie-like upturn at low temperatures, showing the presence of
magnetic defects within the spinel structure. The magnetic defects could be
removed in some of the crystals by annealing them at 700 $^\circ$C\@. A very
high specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ = 450 mJ/(mol K${^2}$\@) was obtained
at a temperature of 1.8 K for a crystal containing a magnetic defect
concentration $n$${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.5 mol%. A crystal with $n$${\rm
_{defect}}$ = 0.01 mol% showed a residual resistivity ratio of 50.


title: Stability of Topological Black Holes

abstract:
  We explore the classical stability of topological black holes in
d-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, where the horizon is an Einstein
manifold of negative curvature. According to the gauge invariant formalism of
Ishibashi and Kodama, gravitational perturbations are classified as being of
scalar, vector, or tensor type, depending on their transformation properties
with respect to the horizon manifold. For the massless black hole, we show that
the perturbation equations for all modes can be reduced to a simple scalar
field equation. This equation is exactly solvable in terms of hypergeometric
functions, thus allowing an exact analytic determination of potential
gravitational instabilities. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition
for stability, in terms of the eigenvalues $\lambda$ of the Lichnerowicz
operator on the horizon manifold, namely $\lambda \geq -4(d-2)$. For the case
of negative mass black holes, we show that a sufficient condition for stability
is given by $\lambda \geq -2(d-3)$.


title: Dichroic f-sum rule and the orbital magnetization of crystals

abstract:
  We consider the magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of a crystal with broken
time-reversal symmetry in the electric-dipole approximation. Using the
Kubo-Greenwood formula for the absorptive part of the antisymmetric optical
conductivity, its frequency integral is recast as a ground-state property. We
show that in insulators this quantity is proportional to the circulation of the
occupied Wannier orbitals around their centers (more precisely, to the
gauge-invariant part thereof). This differs from the net circulation, or ground
state orbital magnetization, which has two additional contributions: (i) the
remaining Wannier self-rotation, and (ii) the ``itinerant'' circulation arising
from the center-of-mass motion of the Wannier orbitals, both on the surface and
in the interior of the sample. Contributions (i) and (ii) are not separately
meaningful, since their individual values depend on the particular choice of
Wannier functions. Their sum is however gauge-invariant, and can be inferred
from a combination of two experiments: a measurement of the magneto-optical
spectrum over a sufficiently wide range to evaluate the sum rule, and a
gyromagnetic determination of the total orbital magnetization.


title: Background Independence and the Open Topological String Wavefunction

abstract:
  The open topological string partition function in the background of a D-brane
on a Calabi-Yau threefold specifies a state in the Hilbert space associated
with the quantization of the underlying special geometry. This statement is a
consequence of the extended holomorphic anomaly equation after an appropriate
shift of the closed string variables, and can be viewed as the expression of
background independence for the open-closed topological string. We also clarify
various other aspects of the structure of the extended holomorphic anomaly
equation. We conjecture that the collection of all D-branes furnishes a basis
of the Hilbert space, and revisit the BPS interpretation of the open
topological string wavefunction in this light.


title:
Potential for ultrafast dynamic chemical imaging with few-cycle infrared
  lasers

abstract:
  We studied the photoelectron spectra generated by an intense few-cycle
infrared laser pulse. By focusing on the angular distributions of the back
rescattered high energy photoelectrons, we show that accurate differential
elastic scattering cross sections of the target ion by free electrons can be
extracted. Since the incident direction and the energy of the free electrons
can be easily changed by manipulating the laser's polarization, intensity, and
wavelength, these extracted elastic scattering cross sections, in combination
with more advanced inversion algorithms, may be used to reconstruct the
effective single-scattering potential of the molecule, thus opening up the
possibility of using few-cycle infrared lasers as powerful table-top tools for
imaging chemical and biological transformations, with the desired unprecedented
temporal and spatial resolutions.


title: Growth and optical properties of self-assembled InGaAs Quantum Posts

abstract:
  We demonstrate a method to grow height controlled, dislocation-free InGaAs
quantum posts (QPs) on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) which is confirmed
by structural investigations. The optical properties are compared to realistic
8-band k.p calculations of the electronic structure which fully account for
strain and the structural properties of the QP. Using QPs embedded in n-i-p
junctions we find wide range tunability of the interband spectrum and giant
static dipole moments.


title: KAM for the Non-Linear Schr\"odinger Equation

abstract:
  We consider the $d$-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation under
periodic boundary conditions: $-i\dot u=-\Delta u+V(x)*u+\ep \frac{\p F}{\p
\bar u}(x,u,\bar u), \quad u=u(t,x), x\in\T^d $ where $V(x)=\sum \hat
V(a)e^{i\sc{a,x}}$ is an analytic function with $\hat V$ real, and $F$ is a
real analytic function in $\Re u$, $\Im u$ and $x$. (This equation is a popular
model for the `real' NLS equation, where instead of the convolution term $V*u$
we have the potential term $Vu$.) For $\ep=0$ the equation is linear and has
time--quasi-periodic solutions $u$, $$ u(t,x)=\sum_{a\in \AA}\hat
u(a)e^{i(|a|^2+\hat V(a))t}e^{i\sc{a,x}} \quad (|\hat u(a)|>0), $$ where $\AA$
is any finite subset of $\Z^d$. We shall treat $\omega_a=|a|^2+\hat V(a)$,
$a\in\AA$, as free parameters in some domain $U\subset\R^{\AA}$. This is a
Hamiltonian system in infinite degrees of freedom, degenerate but with external
parameters, and we shall describe a KAM-theory which, under general conditions,
will have the following consequence:
  If $|\ep|$ is sufficiently small, then there is a large subset $U'$ of $U$
such that for all $\omega\in U'$ the solution $u$ persists as a
time--quasi-periodic solution which has all Lyapounov exponents equal to zero
and whose linearized equation is reducible to constant coefficients.


title: Exceptional Lie Groups, E-infinity Theory and Higgs Boson

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the correlation between the exceptional lie groups
and El-Naschie's transfinite E-infinity spacetime theory. Subsequently this is
used to calculate the number of elementary particles in the standard model,
mass of the Higgs boson and some coupling constants.


title:
The Iterative Unitary Matrix Multiply Method and Its Application to
  Quantum Kicked Rotator

abstract:
  We use the iterative unitary matrix multiply method to calculate the long
time behavior of the resonant quantum kicked rotator with a large denominator.
The delocalization time is exponentially large. The quantum wave delocalizes
through degenerate states. At last we construct a nonresonant quantum kicked
rotator with delocalization.


title: e^+e^- Annihilations into Quasi-two-body Final States at 10.58 GeV

abstract:
  We report the first observation of $e^+e^-$ annihilations into hadronic
states of positive $C$-parity, $\rho^0 \rho^0$ and $\phi\rho^0$. The angular
distributions support two-virtual-photon annihilation production. We also
report the observations of $e^+e^-\to \phi\eta$ and a preliminary result on
$e^+e^-\to \rho^+\rho^-$.


title:
Hinode Observations of Vector Magnetic Field Change Associated with a
  Flare on 2006 December 13

abstract:
  Continuous observations of a flare productive active region 10930 were
successfully carried out with the Solar Optical Telescope onboard the Hinode
spacecraft during 2007 December 6 to 19. We focus on the evolution of
photospheric magnetic fields in this active region, and magnetic field
properties at the site of the X3.4 class flare, using a time series of vector
field maps with high spatial resolution. The X3.4 class flare occurred on 2006
December 13 at the apparent collision site between the large, opposite polarity
umbrae. Elongated magnetic structures with alternatingly positive and negative
polarities resulting from flux emergence appeared one day before the flare in
the collision site penumbra. Subsequently, the polarity inversion line at the
collision site became very complicated. The number of bright loops in Ca II H
increased during the formation of these elongated magnetic structures. The
flare ribbons and bright loops evolved along the polarity inversion line and
one footpoint of the bright loop was located in a region having a large
departure of field azimuth angle with respect to its surroundings. The SOT
observations with high spatial resolution and high polarization precision
reveal temporal change in fine structure of magnetic fields at the flare site:
some parts of the complicated polarity inversion line then disappeared, and in
those regions the azimuth angle of photospheric magnetic field changed by about
90 degrees, becoming more spatially uniform within the collision site.


title:
Modeling of the multiwavelength emission of M87 with H.E.S.S.
  observations

abstract:
  M87 is the first extragalactic source detected in the TeV range that is not a
blazar. The large scale jet of M87 is not aligned with the line of sight.
Modification of standard emission models of TeV blazars appears necessary to
account for the gamma-ray observations made by H.E.S.S. despite this
misalignment.
  We present a new multi-blob synchrotron self-Compton model that deals
explicitly with large viewing angles and moderate values of the Lorentz factor
inferred from MHD simulations of jet formation.


title: Ghosts in the self-accelerating universe

abstract:
  The self-accelerating universe realizes the accelerated expansion of the
universe at late times by large-distance modification of general relativity
without a cosmological constant. The Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld
model provides an explicit example of the self-accelerating universe. Recently,
the DGP model becomes very popular to study the observational consequences of
the modified gravity models as an alternative to dark energy models in GR.
However, it has been shown that the self-accelerating universe in the DGP model
contains a ghost at the linearized level. The ghost carries negative energy
densities and it leads to the instability of the spacetime. In this article, we
review the origin of the ghost in the self-accelerating universe and explore
the physical implication of the existence of the ghost.


title:
Predictions of Very High Energy gamma-ray fluxes for three Active
  Galactic Nuclei

abstract:
  M87 is the first extragalactic source detected at the TeV that is not a
blazar. To account for the recent observations of M87 made by the High Energy
Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array, we developed a new multi-blob
synchrotron self-Compton model.
  In the framework of this model, we present here the predictions for the very
high energy emission of three active galactic nuclei with extended optical or
X-ray jets which could be misaligned blazars, namely Cen A, PKS 0521-36 and 3C
273.


title: Bootstrapping Deep Lexical Resources: Resources for Courses

abstract:
  We propose a range of deep lexical acquisition methods which make use of
morphological, syntactic and ontological language resources to model word
similarity and bootstrap from a seed lexicon. The different methods are
deployed in learning lexical items for a precision grammar, and shown to each
have strengths and weaknesses over different word classes. A particular focus
of this paper is the relative accessibility of different language resource
types, and predicted ``bang for the buck'' associated with each in deep lexical
acquisition applications.


title: Current in a three-dimensional periodic tube with unbiased forces

abstract:
  Transport of a Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional
asymmetric periodic tube is investigated in the presence of asymmetric unbiased
forces. The reduction of the coordinates may involve not only the appearance of
entropic barrier but also the effective diffusion coefficient. It is found that
in the presence of entropic barrier, the asymmetry of the tube shape and the
asymmetry of the unbiased forces are the two ways of inducing a net current.
The current is a peaked function of temperature which indicates that the
thermal noise may facilitate the transport even in the presence of entropic
barrier. There exists an optimized radius at the bottleneck at which the
current takes its maximum value. Competition between the two opposite driving
factors may induce current reversal.


title:
Facilitated movement of inertial Brownian motors driven by a load under
  an asymmetric potential

abstract:
  Based on recent work [L. Machura, M. Kostur, P. Talkner, J. Luczka, and P.
Hanggi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 040601 (2007)], we extend the study of inertial
Brownian motors to the case of an asymmetric potential. It is found that some
transport phenomena appear in the presence of an asymmetric potential. Within
tailored parameter regimes, there exists two optimal values of the load at
which the mean velocity takes its maximum, which means that a load can
facilitate the transport in the two parameter regimes. In addition, the
phenomenon of multiple current reversals can be observed when the load is
increased.


title:
Markov Chain Hidden behind Power Law Mechanism of Self-organized
  Criticality

abstract:
  To describe and analyze the dynamics of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC)
systems, a four-state continuous-time Markov model is proposed in this paper.
Different to computer simulation or numeric experimental approaches commonly
employed for explaining the power law in SOC, in this paper, based on this
Markov model, using E.T.Jayness' Maximum Entropy method, we have derived a
mathematical proof on the power law distribution for the size of these events.
Both this Makov model and the mathematical proof on power law present a new
angle on the universality of power law distributions, they also show that the
scale free property exists not necessary only in SOC system, but in a class of
dynamical systems which can be modelled by the proposed Markov model.


title: New Complexity Bounds for Certain Real Fewnomial Zero Sets

abstract:
  Consider real bivariate polynomials f and g, respectively having 3 and m
monomial terms. We prove that for all m>=3, there are systems of the form (f,g)
having exactly 2m-1 roots in the positive quadrant. Even examples with m=4
having 7 positive roots were unknown before this paper, so we detail an
explicit example of this form. We also present an O(n^{11}) upper bound for the
number of diffeotopy types of the real zero set of an n-variate polynomial with
n+4 monomial terms.


title: All-Optical Switching with Transverse Optical Patterns

abstract:
  We demonstrate an all-optical switch that operates at ultra-low-light levels
and exhibits several features necessary for use in optical switching networks.
An input switching beam, wavelength $\lambda$, with an energy density of
$10^{-2}$ photons per optical cross section [$\sigma=\lambda^2/(2\pi)$] changes
the orientation of a two-spot pattern generated via parametric instability in
warm rubidium vapor. The instability is induced with less than 1 mW of total
pump power and generates several $\mu$Ws of output light. The switch is
cascadable: the device output is capable of driving multiple inputs, and
exhibits transistor-like signal-level restoration with both saturated and
intermediate response regimes. Additionally, the system requires an input power
proportional to the inverse of the response time, which suggests thermal
dissipation does not necessarily limit the practicality of optical logic
devices.


title: Assessment method for photo-induced waveguides

abstract:
  A method to probe the guiding characteristics of waveguides formed in
real-time is proposed and evaluated. It is based on the analysis of the time
dependent light distribution observed at the exit face of the waveguide while
progressively altering its index profile and probed by a large diameter optical
beam. A beam propagation method is used to model the observed dynamics. The
technique is applied to retrieve the properties of soliton-induced waveguides.