Of the 8.6 million people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2012, an estimated 530, 000 (6%) were children under 15 years old. The actual percentage of TB occurring in children is likely as high as 11-15%, given the lower case ascertainment rates in children compared with adults. The impact of TB is particularly profound in young children because they progress more rapidly to TB disease and are more susceptible to severe TB. Viet Nam, one of 22 high burden countries that collectively account for about 80% of the world's TB cases, has an estimated TB disease incidence of 147 cases per 100,000, with an estimated prevalence of TB infection (as measured by Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) >= 10 mm) of 16.7% among 6-14 year-olds. Despite the suspected high burden of TB disease among children in Viet Nam, there have been few childhood TB studies in this region, and the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of childhood TB in Viet Nam remain unclear. Bacteriologic confirmation of childhood TB is low, necessitating a heavy reliance on clinical characteristics to direct diagnosis and treatment in the majority of cases. As such, a better understanding of the complex and heterogeneous clinical manifestations of childhood TB is necessary for developing and implementing more effective TB prevention, diagnostic, and treatment strategies. To address this need, we conducted a case series study at a large referral hospital in Northern Viet Nam to better characterize the demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic and microbiologic findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes of children diagnosed with TB disease in Northern Viet Nam.