Male, 48 years old, with a history of chronic hepatitis B, had been treated with entecavir for antiviral therapy for two years, which has been stopped without doctors' guidance for five months till now. Two weeks ago, the patient gradually suffered from fatigue, abdominal distension, yellow urine, and eye irritation and was diagnosed as liver dysfunction in the local hospital. For further diagnosis and treatment, the patient was admitted to our hospital on September 14, 2012. Liver function tests before hospitalization showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1007 U/L, aspartate transaminase (AST) 864 U/L, total bilirubin (TBIL) 218.7 mumol/L, and direct bilirubin (DBIL) 171.7 mumol/L, while hepatitis B virus markers showed HBsAg+, HBeAg+, HBcAb+, and HBV-DNA 3.21 x 106 IU/L. According to the patient's conditions, he was given a variety of treatments, involving conventional liver protection, reducing enzyme activity, eliminating jaundice, and entecavir antiviral therapy. With the consent of the patient, he was treated with hepatic arterial infusion of the umbilical cord blood stem cells (UC-MSCs mononuclear cells 42.4 x 109/ml, flow cytometry CD34+ and CD33+ stem cells 8.9 x 106/ml with a total input volume of 40 ml). The relevant tests were performed regularly after the infusion, including ALT, ALB, TBIL, and PTA. The patient was discharged from our hospital with a better health condition on October 26, 2012, and went back to the local hospital for continual treatment. Currently, the follow-up status is good. The changes of the patient's indicators during treatment are shown in Table 1.