Of the 614 children, 41.2% (95% CI: 37.3 - 45.2) had features of asthma syndrome, 27.2% (95% CI: 23.7 - 30.9) had bacterial pneumonia, 26.5% (95% CI: 23.1 - 30.2) had viral pneumonia, while 5.1% (95% CI: 3.5 - 7.1) had other diagnoses including pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (Figure 1). Of the 253 children with asthma syndrome, 50 (19.8%) had combined asthma and bacterial pneumonia. Only 9.5% of the children with asthma syndrome had been previously diagnosed with asthma. The majority (80.2%) of the children with asthma syndrome were aged 24 months old and below. Of these, 61.6% had bronchiolitis and 38.4% had asthma. 
Overall, 380 of 614 (61.9%) children had pneumonia; 167 (44.0%) had bacterial pneumonia, 163 (43.0) had viral pneumonia and 50 (13%) had combined asthma and bacterial pneumonia. During the panel discussions, discordance among all the three experts occurred in 33 (5.4%) of the 614 cases.
Of the 253 children with asthma syndrome, an audible wheeze was appreciated in only 35% (95% CI: 29.7 - 41.8). There was no statistically significant difference in proportion of children with hypoxia between asthma syndrome and bacterial pneumonia (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7 - 1.6, p=0.669) or the children with viral pneumonia (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0 - 1.6, p=0.110). Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in proportion of children with low peripheral oxygen saturation between asthma syndrome and combined asthma and bacterial pneumonia (OR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8 - 1.3, p=0.863). 
Even though some laboratory characteristics were part of particular diagnoses, positive results were noted among the different diagnostic categories. For example, 50 (24.6%) of the 203 children with asthma syndrome alone had raised serum C-reactive protein and 18 (8.9%) had raised total white cell counts. The proportion of children with positive RSV test was similar in all diagnostic categories (table 2).
 Overall, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.9 - 30.1) of the children had a positive blood smear for malaria parasites, most of whom (31.5%) had viral pneumonia. HIV testing was performed on 589 (95.9%) of the children and of these, 41(7%) were found to be HIV positive (95% CI: 5.0 - 9.3). The primary radiologists agreed on the chest x-ray findings in 79.4% of the cases (Cohen's kappa = 0.72, SD = 0.03, p = 0.000). 
A total of 599 (97.6%) of the study participants had prescriptions for antibiotics. Of the 253 children with asthma syndrome, 95.3% (95% CI: 91.9 - 97.5) had a prescription for antibiotics, 87.7% (95% CI: 83.1 - 91.5) for short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) and 43.1% (95% CI: 36.9 - 49.4) for systemic steroids. However, of these, 50 (19.8%) had bacterial pneumonia and their antibiotic prescriptions were justified.