Male, 52 years old, had a history of hepatitis B for more than 10 years without regular treatments. The patient often drinks alcohol, and the average amount is around 250 g each time. The patient started to feel malaise and fatigue, abdominal distension on January 12, 2013, but the symptoms were largely ignored at that time. Five days ago, after drinking 250-300 g of alcohol, the patient suffered from significantly increased fatigue, together with poor appetite, yellow urine, and jaundice. The patient started the treatment in our hospital on January 19, 2013. Outpatient tests for liver function showed ALT 771 U/L, AST 608 U/L, TBIL 176.5 mumol/L, and DBIL 102.7 mumol/L, while hepatitis B virus markers showed HBsAg+, HBeAb+, HBcAb+, and HBV-DNA 1.86 x 106 IU/L. After admission, the patient received a series of treatments, including entecavir antihepatitis B virus therapy, liver protection, eliminating jaundice and reducing enzyme activity treatment, immune regulation, and complication prevention. The review of liver function on January 28, 2013, indicated ALT 465 U/L, AST 504 U/L, and TBIL 239.5 mumol/L, showing the rapid progression of disease. With the consent of the patient, he was treated with peripheral injection of the umbilical blood stem cells (UC-MSCs mononuclear cells 37.4 x 109/ml, flow cytometry CD34+ and CD33+ stem cells 8.9 x 106/ml with a total input volume of 40 ml). The relevant tests were performed regularly after the infusion, including ALT, ALB, TBIL, and PTA. The reexamination for liver function on February 7, 2013, showed ALT 307 U/L, AST 446 U/L, and TBIL 265.3 mumol/L, which indicated that the disease progression was significantly advanced. On February 12, the review of liver function revealed ALT 265 U/L, AST 372 U/L, and TBIL 308.1 mumol/L. With the progression of the patient's health condition, the follow-up treatment was conducted. The patient was given bilirubin adsorption treatment for 2 times, while the effect is still poor, and the family abandoned the treatment and discharged (Table 3).