A 28-year-old woman with no significant medical history gave birth via Caesarean section at a maternity hospital 10 days prior to admission to our hospital. She was discharged from the maternity hospital after 5 days. Eventually, she began to develop a persistent fever with subsequent cough, nasal discharge, and sore throat. She noticed a facial rash and visited the emergency department of our hospital. Her vital signs on admission were as follows: blood pressure, 118/70 mmHg; heart rate, 115 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 28 breaths per minute; oxygen saturation on room air, 97 %; and temperature, 39.4  C. Physical examination revealed Koplik spots on her buccal mucosa and a maculopapular rash that spread across her face, trunk, and extremities (Fig. 1). Chest X-ray did not show any sign of pneumonia. She had been tested for rubella but not for measles during pregnancy. Measles was suspected on the basis of her symptoms and characteristic skin rash, and she was admitted to the negative pressure room at our hospital. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests results from a throat swab and urine and blood specimens were positive for measles. The genotype of measles virus was determined as B3. Serological tests for measles using enzyme immunoassay were also conducted on hospital day 2, and IgM (titer 8.03; positive >= 1.21) and IgG (titer 12.0; positive >= 4.0) antibodies against measles were detected. Additional history obtained by the infectious diseases team revealed that until just before the birth, she had frequently visited a hospital where a measles outbreak had occurred. Her fever and rash gradually improved after admission. She showed full recovery and was discharged on hospital day 7.