A 5-year-old Chinese girl had persistent cough for a few months following an acute episode of pneumonia, despite multiple courses of oral and intravenous antibiotics. The serial chest X-rays (CXR) showed non-resolving consolidation of the right middle lobe (RML) (Fig. 1a). The inflammatory markers including white cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and procalcitonin were normal. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella Catarrhalis were isolated from two respiratory specimens respectively, and antibiotics had been given accordingly. The workup for pulmonary tuberculosis was negative.