An 8-month-old (7000 g; 3rd percentile) boy from Mauritania with no particular pathological history was transferred from a health center near the Senegal-Mauritanian border for the management of peritonitis. The clinical picture had evolved for 15 days, with the appearance of abdominal bloating associated with vomiting and cessation of bowel movements. On clinical examination, he had a temperature of 38 C, and was tachycardic at 148 beats per minute. He showed nutritional edema and flank dullness. His abdomen was distended and had peritonitis on palpation. Therefore, the boy was taken to the operating room. Surgical exploration revealed clear ascites associated with small intestinal granulations and adhesions. We performed adhesiolysis, biopsies, and drainage of the peritoneal cavity. Postoperatively, GeneXpert tests were performed on the peritoneal fluid and the IDRt was negative. Anatomopathological examination of the operative specimens revealed the presence of caseous necrosis compatible with peritoneal TB. The medical treatment and the evolution were identical to Case 1.