Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA zoonotic virus with a 197-kb genome, member of the Orthopoxvirus (OPV) genus and Poxviridae family, which also includes smallpox virus that causes smallpox  . MPXV was first identified in a 9-month-old boy in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, several outbreaks of monkeypox have been reported in the African continent, where 1,408 suspected cases and 66 deaths were reported in 2022 alone  . MPXV is currently classified into two lineages, the West and Central African clades, although a novel classification into clades 1, 2 and 3 has recently been proposed  . The MPXV Clade 3 includes most human outbreaks from 2017, 2018 and 2022, and can be further divided into lineages A, A.1, A.1.1, and B.1  . In early May 2022, cases of MPXV were detected in the UK and Portugal, most of them with no known travel history to endemic countries. As of June 9, 2022, 1,240 cases have been confirmed in 33 countries on all continents  , most of them in European countries and the United States  . Available epidemiological and contact tracing data revealed that most cases are associated with men who have sex with men (MSM)  . The first two MPXV cases from South America were reported from Argentina on May 27, 2022  . Both reported cases traveled to Spain 2 and 9 days prior to case notification, and the two MPXV partial genomes (942 bp) were made available as the first monkeypox sequences from Latin America. As of June, 8, 2022, Brazil had 8 suspected monkeypox infections in the States of Santa Catarina, Ceara, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia and Sao Paulo  .