229 Cal.App.2d 172 (1964)
COUNTY OF KERN, Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
MARGIE COLEY, Defendant and Appellant.
Civ. No. 343.
California Court of Appeals. Fifth Dist.
Aug. 14, 1964.
 Young, Wooldridge, Paulden & Self and John B. Young for Defendant and Appellant.
 Ralph B. Jordan, County Counsel, and Dennis N. Reid, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
 BROWN, (R. M.), J.
 Appellant appeals from a judgment in favor of the respondent for $4,600. Appellant was married to William Coley and was found to still be his lawful wife. During the period relative to this case she was the mother of two minor children, one fathered by a Mr. Owens, and another by a Mr. Butler, and the trial court found that during the period from November 1958 through April 1962 a Mr. Emory L. Jennings was an adult male person assuming the role of spouse to defendant, though not legally married to her.
 During this same period of time the appellant received from the respondent warrants in the sum of $6,736 in monthly payments ranging from $107 to $168. These amounts were paid to the appellant pursuant to her application for and the grant of aid to needy children. According to the exhibits of the respondent she received $5,736 in aid, was eligible to receive $1,011, had a total need of $3,047, and had received an overpayment of $4,600. This excluded a period of approximately 10 months when there was no verification of employment of Mr. Jennings, and excluding these months, would have left an overpayment of $3,971.
 During this time, according to the payroll records submitted to the court, all showing Mr. Jennings' address as 411 Powell Lane, Mr. Jennings had earned approximately $13,174.14, with his net earnings being approximately $10,407.05. The income of Mr. Jennings apparently considered by the Welfare Department totaled $6,810.
 The appellant was unemployed during much of the period involved in this case. She was enlarging and remodeling her home at 411 Powell Lane in Bakersfield. She applied for aid on May 23, 1958, and in her application for assistance set forth a statement of facts relating to her eligibility, stating that she was not receiving any assistance or benefits from relatives, friends or otherwise. Again on June 5, 1958, she filed another statement of facts confirming that there were no unrelated adults living with the family. This was again confirmed in her statement of facts dated May 5, 1959, and on June 3, 1960, and on June 7, 1961. Each of these signed statements contains a clause stating that any person signing *175 the statement who wilfully states as true any material matter which he knows to be false is subject to the penalties prescribed for perjury in the Penal Code, referring to section 1550 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. Appellant also executed statements that she would notify the Welfare Department of any changes in property transactions, income or other financial conditions, marriage, et cetera.
 On February 17, 1959, Mr. Jennings bought a metal cabinet at one of the local furniture stores on an account which the appellant cosigned as one of the vendees and which merchandise was delivered to the house at 411 Powell Lane. On May 9, 1959, he bought a TV lamp on which purchase tag the same address was shown. On June 6, 1959, giving the same Powell Lane address, he bought a camera. On that same date he and the appellant jointly purchased tires costing $32.78 on a conditional sales contract, appellant signing as a copurchaser, and the contract bearing the same address. On December 3, 1960, he bought floor covering costing $31.50, and the purchase slip showed the same address. On August 3, 1961, Jennings purchased bedroom furniture costing $113.24, but this was apparently delivered to another address and there is no explanation in the record. On April 21, 1962, Jennings issued a purchaser's credit statement to one of the local banks requesting $707 credit for a local carpet company on which he gave his name as the purchaser, that his spouse's name was Margie Coley Powell (appellant herein), that his home address was 411 Powell, that the value of the home if owned or buying was $12,000, that his spouse was employed as a domestic day worker. This application for credit was given to the carpet salesman while at the 411 Powell Lane address and in the presence of the appellant.
 On Mr. Jennings' federal withholding exemption certificate for 1958 he gave his address as 131 N Street, claiming one exemption; for 1959 he gave the address of 411 Powell Lane, claiming one exemption; and his withholding tax statements for 1960, 1961 and 1962 listed the Powell Lane address.
 While appellant was doing some remodeling at her home, on January 12, 1961, one of the social workers who had called without an appointment testified that while there, a man came to the house with groceries and was introduced by the appellant as her cousin, Mr. Jennings. Mr. Jennings' and appellant's cars were registered to the same address on Powell Lane. Jennings' driver's license also bore the same address. He answered the telephone at 8 a.m. on one occasion claiming *176 to be the appellant's cousin (as he did on several other occasions), and he cared for the yard at that address.
 In March 1962, the Welfare Department case worker sent a memorandum to a special investigator for the department requesting that a night call be made at the appellant's house. On May 7th at about 2 a.m. the investigator, on being permitted entry into the house, discovered Mr. Jennings sleeping in one of the beds. At that time the appellant explained that Jennings was a cousin of hers who was staying overnight. Mr. Jennings identified himself by means of his driver's license which showed the Powell Lane home as his address.
 The trial court found that Mr. Jennings was an adult male person assuming the role of spouse, though not legally married to the appellant; that he was able to support the defendant's children wholly or in part; that his liability for support did not exceed defendant's community property interest in his income as that interest is determined by Welfare and Institutions Code section 1508; that defendant had knowledge of the true facts and failed to disclose to the respondent that Mr. Jennings was an adult male person assuming the role of spouse to defendant; and that the appellant had obtained from respondent by virtue of these statements and representations which respondent relied upon, aid in the sum of $4,600, this sum resulting from the reduction of the original amount of $5,611 prayed for in the complaint.
 [1] Appellant raises only one issue in this appeal, as follows: To what extent, if any, is the income of a man assuming the role of spouse to the mother liable for the support of her children and, particularly, if at all times she is married to another man?
 Title 42, United States Code Annotated, section 602, subdivision (a), sets forth the use of the state plan for aid to dependent children and subdivision (7) thereof states that a state plan must provide that the state agency take into consideration other income and resources of any child claiming aid to dependent children.
 Welfare and Institutions Code section 1500 defines "needy child," and section 1508 (as amended 1961) sets forth the method for computation of aid as follows:
 "Where a needy child as defined in this chapter lives with his mother and a stepfather or an adult male person assuming the role of spouse to the mother although not legally married to her, the amount of the grant made pursuant to section 1511 of this code shall be computed after consideration is given to *177 the income of the stepfather or such adult male person. The county granting aid shall determine if the stepfather or such adult male person is able to support the child either wholly or in part. Said determination shall be based upon a standard which takes into account the stepfather's or such adult male person's income and expenses under regulations set forth by the State Board of Social Welfare."
 "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 209 of the Civil Code, a stepfather or such adult male person is bound to support, if able to do so, his wife's children if without support from such stepfather or adult male person they would be needy children eligible for aid under this chapter. However, such liability for support shall not exceed the wife's community property interest in his income."
 "A natural father is not relieved of any legal obligation to support his children by the liability for their support imposed upon their stepfather by this section."
 "As used in this section, 'adult male person' means any male person of age 18 years or older."
 Prior to the 1961 amendment to section 1508 the Supreme Court, in People v. Shirley, 55 Cal.2d 521 [11 Cal.Rptr. 537, 360 P.2d 33, 92 A.L.R.2d 413], approved the rules and regulations which were adopted by the State Board of Social Welfare with respect to men assuming the role of spouse.  [fn. 1] The 1961 amendment was presumably designed to meet the dissent of Justice Peters in the Shirley case. This amendment was construed in People v. Rozell, 212 Cal.App.2d 875, 878 [28 Cal.Rptr. 478], as a clarification of the law.
 This action was brought against the appellant and no attempt has been made to hold Mr. Jennings liable for the support, and his liability for support not being in question, it is unnecessary to discuss whether or not the appellant has any community property interest in his income. (4 Witkin, Summary of Cal. Law, Community Property,  8 & 9, pp. 2714- 2715.) While she may have no legal right to any part of his income, such may be considered in determining the aid granted. The appellant did not testify, nor did Mr. Jennings, nor was there any attempt to refute the existence of the assumed spouse relationship, nor was any question raised at the trial as to how the Welfare Department considered Mr. Jennings' income. It was stipulated that the statement of payments be admitted as an exhibit except and excluding the amount as the overpayment which was a conclusion. *178 [2] As is said in Kelley v. State Board of Social Welfare, 99 Cal.App.2d 865, 868 [222 P.2d 925], where the spouses convert community earnings into separate property, this may affect them personally, but such agreements are not binding upon the Welfare Department in determining the amount of aid to be awarded to an applicant. [3a] The general rule is well stated in People v. Shirley, supra, 55 Cal.2d 521, 525, as follows: "The administration of the public assistance programs, including aid to needy children, presents many complex problems. (See 42 Cal.L.Rev. 458; 45 Cal.L.Rev. 241.) Under the Welfare and Institutions Code the State Board of Social Welfare has the duty of enacting rules and regulations for administering these programs and is authorized to adopt regulations that are consistent with law and reasonably necessary for the administration of welfare. (Welf. & Inst. Code,  103, 103.1, 1560, 2140, 3075.)"
 "Under its express terms the provisions of the Welfare and Institutions Code are to be administered fairly, with due consideration not only for the needs of applicants, but also for the safeguarding of public funds. (Welf. & Inst. Code,  103.3.) If children are not in need, they are obviously not eligible for assistance regardless of who is paying for their support. [4] As we have seen, the welfare department is authorized by section 1508 of the code to consider the income of a stepfather in computing the amount of aid to be granted, and it is unlikely that the financial need of a child will vary substantially depending upon the legality of the relationship between his mother and a man living in the home and assuming the role of spouse. [5] It is reasonable to infer that a man assuming the role of spouse will contribute to the support of the mother and her needy child and will thus reduce their need, but it would be difficult and perhaps impossible for the department to ascertain the amount of contributions in each case. [6] A practical solution of the difficulty is offered by the regulations which authorize the department to consider the income of such a man in the same manner as it would consider that of a stepfather. A decision declaring the regulations invalid would place a premium upon an illegal relationship and operate as a deterrent to marriage of the mother and the man assuming the role of spouse. The regulations are in accord with the primary purpose of the program, which is to aid needy children, and they are valid insofar as they direct the welfare department, in determining the amount of aid to be granted to consider the man's income without regard to the existence of a lawful marriage." *179
 In cases where the applicant for aid to needy children has been charged with grand theft, as in People v. Flores, 197 Cal.App.2d 611 [17 Cal.Rptr. 382], the defendant and the assumed spouse were found guilty in the theft of $1,685 even though the assumed spouse turned over his unemployment check of $32 a week to the welfare recipient for approximately six months. In People v. Rozell, supra, 212 Cal.App.2d 875, there was little direct evidence that the assumed spouse had contributed very much to the recipient mother though the amount of overpayment was $1,562. In People v. Shirley, supra, the theft amounted to $1,811 though the total contributions by the assumed spouse were approximately $800 plus payments on a refrigerator.
 [7] A finding that Mr. Jennings was an adult male person assuming the role of spouse to the appellant although not legally married to her is well supported by the evidence. The Welfare Department, in line with regulation C-155, is authorized to consider that the assumed spouse has the same responsibility as that of a stepfather where he is around the home or maintaining an intimate relationship with the mother, has assumed substantial financial responsibility for the expenses and has represented himself to the community in such a way as to appear in the relationship of the husband and father. This relationship continued over a long period of time and was certainly more than casual. Mr. Jennings maintained constant, regular and frequent contacts with the mother by living at the house, paying family bills, opening charge accounts jointly in his and her names, and using the family address for mail, employer records and income tax purposes; and there was no confirmable alternate living arrangement other than with the ANC family.
 [8a] The restitution to the County is authorized and required under Welfare and Institutions Code section 1506, which reads as follows: "Whenever any person has, by means of false statement or representation or by impersonation or other fraudulent device, obtained aid for a child not in fact entitled thereto, the person obtaining such aid shall make restitution ...."
 [3b] The Welfare and Institutions Code is to be administered with due consideration for the safeguarding of public funds as well as the needs of the applicant. (People v. Rozell, supra, 212 Cal.App.2d 875, 878; People v. Shirley, supra, 55 Cal.2d 521, 525.)
 [9] "[T]he State Social Welfare Board is without authority to adopt regulations designed to permit the collection *180 of overpayments from recipients of aid under the Aid to Needy Children program in any case other than those involving actual fraud." (23 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 29, at p. 31.)
 [8b] In People v. Flores, supra, 197 Cal.App.2d 611, 615, the court said, "It is true that the gravamen of the offense was the concealment of his presence in the home." And by the concealment of the fact that there was an unrelated adult living with the family, the appellant was able to secure additional funds which she would not otherwise have been able to obtain. (See also People v. Phipps, 191 Cal.App.2d 448, 453 [12 Cal.Rptr. 681].)
 [10] "An applicant for public assistance, ... has no vested right to such aid, ..." (County of Contra Costa v. Social Welfare Board, 199 Cal.App.2d 468, 473 [18 Cal.Rptr. 573]; Bertch v. Social Welfare Dept., 45 Cal.2d 524, 529 [289 P.2d 485].)
 Appellant has relied on Department of Mental Hygiene v. Kirchner, 60 Cal.2d 716 [36 Cal.Rptr. 488, 388 P.2d 720], with regard to the social evolution which is now developing and the change with regard to the parens patriae principle. This case is authority for holding that the principle that the spouse, parent or child of a mentally ill person shall be liable for his care, support and maintenance in a state institution is an invalid class discrimination in violation of a constitutional guarantee. However, in the case before us the matter of aid to needy children not being a right, but based on need, we are concerned only with the reimbursement of funds illegally obtained by the mother under the program, and not for a direct contribution based on her own resources.
 [11] Judicial notice may be taken concerning State Welfare Board regulations. [12] Under the "Aid to Needy Children" regulation, in order for the family to receive aid the children must be deprived of the support of one or both parents and be in need. (Welf. & Inst. Code,  1500.) If they are not in fact in need, regardless of who is paying for their support, they are not entitled to aid. The regulations and the law upon which the judgment was based were promulgated to meet the situation where aid was given erroneously.
 The judgment is affirmed.
 Conley, P. J., and Stone, J., concurred.
NOTES
[fn. 1]  1. Regulation C-155.


Wulffia

Wulffia is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.

 Species
 Wulffia havanensis DC. - Cuba
 Wulffia rubens Alexander - Guyana
 Wulffia sodiroi Hieron. ex Sodiro - Ecuador

 formerly included
see Clibadium Hymenostephium Melanthera Tilesia
 Wulffia angustifolia - Melanthera angustifolia
 Wulffia debilis - Hymenostephium debile
 Wulffia macrocephala - Tilesia macrocephala
 Wulffia sodiroi - Clibadium eggersii

plus several names now considered synonyms of Tilesia baccata

References

Category:Heliantheae
Category:Asteraceae genera


---
- name: deploy acl bootstrap
  sudo: yes
  when: consul_dc == consul_acl_datacenter
  copy:
    src: consul-acl-bootstrap.sh
    dest: /usr/local/bin
    mode: 0700
  tags:
    - consul
    - acl

- name: upsert agent acl
  sudo: yes
  when: consul_dc == consul_acl_datacenter
  run_once: yes
  command: /usr/local/bin/consul-acl-bootstrap.sh {{ consul_acl_master_token }} {{ consul_acl_agent_token }}
  tags:
    - consul
    - acl

- name: create agent_acl consul config
  sudo: yes
  template:
    src: agent_acl.json.j2
    dest: /etc/consul/agent_acl.json
  notify:
    - restart consul
  tags:
    - consul

- meta: flush_handlers

- name: set default policy to deny
  sudo: yes
  replace:
    dest: /etc/consul/acl.json
    regexp: '"acl_default_policy": "allow"'
    replace: '"acl_default_policy": "{{ consul_acl_default_policy }}"'
  tags:
    - consul
  notify:
    - restart consul


Open/Close Windows

It can be open almost an arbitrary amount of windows at the same time, regardless of whether they are in docked or floating mode. Any content desired can be shown in each window (content can also be the same). Closing windows can have a direct influence on projected data, so bear in mind the following information. Clicking on the X symbol in the right upper corner will close a window and will be interpreted in the following way:

•As a canceled operation if there is a "Cancel" button in the lower part of the dialog (next to the "OK" button);

•As a performed operation, if only an "OK" button is available at the bottom of the dialog;

When you want to add a text file to a project (when the file has already been selected) and you click on the [x] (instead of the "OK" button), the action will be canceled. The same applies for the "Cancel" button. The text file will not be added.

•Clicking next to the license dialog closes the dialog. Previously performed actions (newly installed and valid licenses) are not "canceled", but remain active.

•Clicking on the [x] symbol in the topology window closes the window but previously performed actions (added device) are not "canceled". The previously performed actions are retained (ETS saves all project data and project database entries directly, meaning that these types of actions are always carried out "immediately").


/**************************************************************************/
/*                                                                        */
/*  This file is part of the Frama-C's E-ACSL plug-in.                    */
/*                                                                        */
/*  Copyright (C) 2012-2019                                               */
/*    CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies              */
/*         alternatives)                                                  */
/*                                                                        */
/*  you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU   */
/*  Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software       */
/*  Foundation, version 2.1.                                              */
/*                                                                        */
/*  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,                 */
/*  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        */
/*  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         */
/*  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.                   */
/*                                                                        */
/*  See the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1                 */
/*  for more details (enclosed in the file licenses/LGPLv2.1).            */
/*                                                                        */
/**************************************************************************/

/*! ***********************************************************************
 * \file   e_acsl_libc_replacements.h
 * \brief  Drop-in replacements for C library functions
***************************************************************************/

#ifndef E_ACSL_LIBC_REPLACEMENTS_H
#define E_ACSL_LIBC_REPLACEMENTS_H

/************************************************************************/
/*** Support functionality {{{ ***/
/************************************************************************/

/* *** String validation {{{ */

/*! \brief Determine if `s` describes a C string up to length `n`.

   @return the index of `\0` character (i.e., the length of the string)
     if `s` is a valid pointer of byte-size `len`, and
       - `n` is negative and there is `\0` between `s` and the end of
       the block `s` points to.
       - `n` is positive and there is `\0` at index `i` (`i` < `n`)
       and `s+i` belongs to the same block as `s`.
    @return `n` if there is no `\0` between `s` and `s+n-1` but both
       `s` and `s+n-1` belong to the same block.

   @return -1 if `s` does not belong to tracked allocation
   @return -2 if `wrtbl` is set to a non-zero value and `s` is read-only
   @return -3 if there is no `\0` between `s` and the end of its block and
    `s+n-1` is unallocated or belongs to a different block.
   @return -4 if `n` is negative and `s` is not NUL-terminated */
static long valid_nstring(char *s, long n, int wrtbl) {
  if (n == 0)
    return n;

  int alc = allocated((uintptr_t)s, 1, (uintptr_t)s);
  if (alc) {
    if (wrtbl && readonly(s))
      return -2; /* Not writeable */
    long size = block_length(s) - offset(s);
    long i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      if (s[i] == '\0' || n == i)
        return i;
    }
    if (n == size)
      return n;
    if (n > size)
      return -3; /* Insufficient length */
    return -4; /* Not NUL-terminated */
  }
  return -1 /* Not allocated */;
}

/*!\brief Same as ::valid_nstring but for wide characters.

   This function is very similar to ::valid_nstring. It is possible make it
   more concise (say define it as a macro with types provided explicitly) yet
   it is left this way for readibility reasons. */
static long valid_nwstring(wchar_t *s, long n, int wrtbl) {
  if (n == 0)
    return n;

  int alc = allocated((uintptr_t)s, 1, (uintptr_t)s);
  if (alc) {
    if (wrtbl && readonly(s))
      return -2; /* Not writeable */
    long size = (block_length(s) - offset(s))/sizeof(wchar_t);
    long i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      if (s[i] == L'\0' || n == i)
        return i;
    }
    if (n == size)
      return n;
    if (n > size)
      return -3; /* Insufficient length */
    return -4; /* Not NUL-terminated */
  }
  return -1 /* Not allocated */;
}

/*! \brief Same as ::valid_nstring but check a NUL-terminated string */
static long inline valid_string(char *s, int wrtbl) {
  return valid_nstring(s, -1, wrtbl);
}

/*! \brief same as ::valid_string but for wide characters */
static long inline valid_wstring(wchar_t *s, int wrtbl) {
  return valid_nwstring(s, -1, wrtbl);
}

static long validate_string
  (char *s, long n, int wrtbl, const char *fun, const char *desc)
{
  long size = valid_nstring(s, n, wrtbl);

  switch(size) {
    case -1:
      vabort("%s: %sstring unallocated\n", fun, desc);
    case -2:
      vabort("%s: %sstring is not writable\n", fun, desc);
    case -3:
      vabort("%s: %sstring has insufficient length\n", fun, desc);
    case -4:
      vabort("%s: %sstring not NUL-terminated\n", fun, desc);
  }
  /* at this point negative return values should have been handled */
  vassert(size >= 0, "unexpected return value of %d\n", size);
  return size;
}

static inline long validate_writeable_string
  (char *s, long n, const char *fun, const char *desc)
{
  return validate_string(s, n, 1, fun, desc);
}

static inline long validate_allocated_string
   (char *s, long n, const char *fun, const char *desc)
{
  return validate_string(s, n, 0, fun, desc);
}
/* }}} */

/* *** Memory spaces {{{ */
/** \brief Return a true value if memory spaces given by intervals
    [s1, s1 + s1_sz] and [s2, s2 + s2_sz] are disjoint */
static inline int disjoint_spaces
  (uintptr_t s1, size_t s1_sz, uintptr_t s2, size_t s2_sz)
{
  return s1 + s1_sz <= s2 || s2 + s2_sz <= s1;
}

static inline void validate_allocated_space
  (void *p, size_t sz, const char *func, const char *space)
{
  if (!allocated((uintptr_t)p, sz, (uintptr_t)p)) {
    vabort("%s: unallocated (or insufficient) space in %s\n", func, space);
  }
}

static inline void validate_writeable_space(void *p, size_t sz,
    const char *func, const char *space) {
  if (!writeable((uintptr_t)p, sz, (uintptr_t)p)) {
    if (writeable((uintptr_t)p, 1, (uintptr_t)p)) {
      vabort("%s: insufficient space in %s, "
          "at least %lu bytes required\n", func, space, sz);
    } else {
      vabort("%s: %s space unallocated or cannot be written\n", func, space);
    }
  }
}

static inline void validate_overlapping_spaces
  (uintptr_t s1, size_t s1_sz, uintptr_t s2, size_t s2_sz, const char *func)
{
  if (!disjoint_spaces(s1, s1_sz, s2, s2_sz))
    vabort("%s: overlapping memory areas\n", func);
}
/* }}} */
/* }}} */

/************************************************************************/
/*** strlen/strcpy/strcat/strcmp {{{ ***/
/************************************************************************/

/* drop-in replacement for `strlen` */
size_t builtin_strlen(const char *s) {
  return validate_allocated_string((char*)s, -1, "strlen", "input ");
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strcpy` */
char *builtin_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
  // `src` string should be a valid NUL-terminated C string
  size_t size =
    validate_allocated_string((char*)src, -1, "strlen", "source string ");
  /* `dest` should be writable and at least `size + 1` bytes long to
     accommodate the NUL-terminator */
  validate_writeable_space(dest, size + 1, "strlen", "destination string");
  /* source and destination strings should not overlap */
  validate_overlapping_spaces
    ((uintptr_t)dest, size + 1, (uintptr_t)src, size + 1, "strcpy");
  return strcpy(dest, src);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strncpy` */
char *builtin_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) {
  /* `src` should be a valid string up to `nth` character */
  validate_allocated_string((char*)src, n, "strncpy", "source string ");
  /* `dest` should be allocated and writeable up to `nth` character */
  validate_writeable_space(dest, n, "strncpy", "destination string ");
  /* source and destination strings should not overlap */
  validate_overlapping_spaces((uintptr_t)dest, n, (uintptr_t)src, n, "strncpy");
  return strncpy(dest, src, n);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strcmp` */
int builtin_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
  /* both strings should be valid NUL-terminated strings */
  validate_allocated_string((char*)s1, -1, "strcmp", "string 1 ");
  validate_allocated_string((char*)s2, -1, "strcmp", "string 2 ");
  return strcmp(s1, s2);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strcmp` */
int builtin_strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) {
  /* both strings should be valid up to nth character */
  validate_allocated_string((char*)s1, n, "strncmp", "string 1 ");
  validate_allocated_string((char*)s2, n, "strncmp", "string 2 ");
  return strncmp(s1, s2, n);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strcat` */
char *builtin_strcat(char *dest, const char *src) {
  long src_sz =
    validate_allocated_string((char*)src, -1, "strcat", "source string ");
  long dest_sz =
    validate_writeable_string((char*)dest, -1, "strcat", "destination string ");
  size_t avail_sz = block_length(dest) - offset(dest);
  if (!(avail_sz >= src_sz + dest_sz + 1)) {
    vabort("strcat: insufficient space in destination string, "
      "available: %lu bytes, requires at least %lu bytes\n",
      avail_sz, src_sz + dest_sz + 1);
  }
  validate_overlapping_spaces
    ((uintptr_t)src, src_sz + 1, (uintptr_t)dest, dest_sz + 1, "strcat");
  return strcat(dest, src);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `strncat` */
char *builtin_strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) {
  validate_allocated_string((char*)src, n, "strncat", "source string ");
  long dest_sz =
    validate_writeable_string((char*)dest, -1, "strcat", "destination string ");
  size_t avail_sz = block_length(dest) - offset(dest);
  if (!(avail_sz >= n + dest_sz + 1)) {
    vabort("strncat: insufficient space in destination string, "
      "available: %lu bytes, requires at least %lu bytes\n",
      avail_sz, n + dest_sz + 1);
  }
  validate_overlapping_spaces
    ((uintptr_t)src, n, (uintptr_t)dest, dest_sz, "strcat");
  return strncat(dest, src, n);
}
/* }}} */

/************************************************************************/
/*** memcpy/memcmp/memset/memmove {{{ ***/
/************************************************************************/

/* drop-in replacement for `memcpy` */
void *builtin_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
  validate_allocated_space((void*)src, n, "memcpy", "source space ");
  validate_writeable_space((void*)dest, n, "memcpy", "destination space ");
  validate_overlapping_spaces((uintptr_t)src, n, (uintptr_t)dest, n, "memcpy");
  return memcpy(dest, src, n);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `memset` */
void *builtin_memset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
  validate_writeable_space((void*)s, n, "memset", "space ");
  return memset(s, c, n);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `memcmp` */
int builtin_memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n) {
  validate_allocated_space((void*)s1, n, "memcmp", "space 1 ");
  validate_allocated_space((void*)s2, n, "memcmp", "space 1 ");
  validate_overlapping_spaces((uintptr_t)s1, n, (uintptr_t)s2, n, "memcpy");
  return memcmp(s1, s2, n);
}

/* drop-in replacement for `memmove` */
void *builtin_memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
  validate_allocated_space((void*)src, n, "memcmp", "source space ");
  validate_writeable_space((void*)dest, n, "memcmp", "destination space ");
  return memmove(dest, src, n);
}

/* }}} */
#endif


Q:

ArcGIS not connecting to PostgreSQL db with all upper-case name

We've been trialling ArcGIS at work and are just about to buy. However, we have a PostgreSQL database which contains a lot of stuff we work with, which is named in all upper-case ("GISSTUFF", for instance). ArcGIS won't connect to it.
We've contacted the ESRI support desk and they say it needs renaming to lower-case. Which is easy enough to accomplish, but unfortunately throws out our other connections. GISSTUFF suddenly becomes gisstuff and their connections are lost.
And that's a lot of connections across a whole range of things. It can be managed, but we'd have to think of every point first where the connection would be, re-establish it and test it. I have no doubt that, since none of the staff here were the original system admins and documentation/training was sparse, things would fall through the gaps.
So, does anyone know of a way to make ArcGIS (just the standard Desktop stuff - I think that would be Pro nowadays) handle PostgreSQL databases in all upper-case?

A:

It is not possible to use ArcObjects to access databases (or tables, or columns) with mixed- or uppercase names.  ArcGIS Server, Desktop, and ArcPy are only capable of accessing objects with lowercase names.
The Desktop documentation states (emphasis mine):

Type the database name in lowercase; upper- and mixed-case object names are not supported for geodatabases in PostgreSQL. If you type a database name in upper or mixed case, ArcGIS converts it to lower case.

And the Server documentation says the same (ditto):

Use all lowercase characters for the login role; mixed and uppercase character names are not supported with ArcGIS.

With tables and columns, you can create views to work around naming issues.  But with databases, no connection is possible, so you never get that chance.


Q:

Filter on multiple fields in Mongoid subdocuments

I want to query for documents that have a subdocument that contains two values.
I have a main document, Account, that contains none or more sales subdocuments.  Each sale has a sale_price and sale_date.  I only want accounts that have a sale subdocument with a sale_price greater than 0 and sale_date in the last 4 years.
Here is what I've tried;
Account.and("sales.sale_date" => {"$gt" => Date.today - 4.years}, "sales.sale_price" => {"$gt" => 0})

This returns accounts that have "any" sales in the last 4 years and have "any" sale with a sale_price > 0.  I want only Accounts have a sale with both criteria true on the same document.
Any advice?

A:

As happens so often, more investigation after asking a question turns up a solution.  The elem_match method appears to do what I need.
Here's what I came up with;
Account.elem_match(sales: {:sale_date.gt => Date.today - 4.years, :sale_price.gt => 0})


Q:

Javascript: Add timeout after every request in Promise.all Map function

For the following function, I have to add a timeout after every GET request in array ajaxUrls. All the XHR GET request are in array ajaxUrls.
function getAllSearchResultProfiles(searchAjaxUrl) {
  var ajaxUrls = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < numResults; i += resultsPerPage) {
    ajaxUrls.push(searchAjaxUrl + "&start=" + i);
  }
  return Promise.all(ajaxUrls.map(getSearchResultsForOnePage))
    .then(function(responses) {
      return responses.map(function(response) {
        if (response.meta.total === 0) {
          return [];
        }
        return response.result.searchResults.map(function(searchResult) {
          return (searchResult);
        });
      });
    })
    .then(function(searchProfiles) {
      return [].concat.apply([], searchProfiles);
    })
    .catch(function(responses) {
      console.error('error ', responses);
    });
}

function getSearchResultsForOnePage(url) {
  return fetch(url, {
      credentials: 'include'
    })
    .then(function(response) {
      return response.json();
    });
}

I want a certain timeout or delay after every GET request. I am facing difficulty in where exactly to add the timeout.

A:

If you want to make requests in serial, you shouldn't use Promise.all, which initializes everything in parallel - better to use a reduce that awaits the previous iteration's resolution and awaits a promise-timeout. For example:
async function getAllSearchResultProfiles(searchAjaxUrl) {
  const ajaxUrls = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < numResults; i += resultsPerPage) {
    ajaxUrls.push(searchAjaxUrl + "&start=" + i);
  }
  const responses = await ajaxUrls.reduce(async (lastPromise, url) => {
    const accum = await lastPromise;
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
    const response = await getSearchResultsForOnePage(url);
    return [...accum, response];
  }, Promise.resolve([]));

  // do stuff with responses
  const searchProfiles = responses.map(response => (
    response.meta.total === 0
    ? []
    : response.result.searchResults
  ));
  return [].concat(...searchProfiles);
}

Note that only asynchronous operations should be passed from one .then to another; synchronous code should not be chained with .then, just use variables and write the code out as normal.


Last week, we told you about the depths to which leftist activists are sinking in order to derail the nomination of a young conservative woman of color to replace Justice Kavanaugh on the DC Circuit Court of Appeals. In that piece, we also updated you on Nebraska Sen. Ben Sasse's fight to expose and condemn the unconstitutional religious discrimination being advocated, or at least heavily indulged by, two Democratic members of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Senators Kamala Harris and Mazie Hirono have criticized one of President Trump's federal judicial nominees over his membership in the Knights of Columbus, a mainstream charitable Catholic organization. Hirono accused the Knights of holding "extreme" views (i.e. traditional Catholic teachings on issues like abortion and same-sex marriage), and asked the nominee whether he'd quit the group before assuming the bench, if confirmed. Many observers rightly denounced this approach as an attempted imposition of an unlawful religious test for public office, reeking of discriminatory ignorance:

Among the many stupidities of this campaign against the Knights is its superfluity. Buescher is voluntarily affiliated with two even larger organizations that are on record in opposition to abortion and same-sex marriage: the Catholic church; the Republican party. When running for attorney general of Nebraska in 2014, he called himself “an avidly pro-life person.” If Harris and Hirono want to maintain that all judicial nominees must support abortion, beyond just saying that they will respect existing law, then they should just say that there are scores of millions of Christians they would never allow on the federal bench on account of their beliefs. There is no need to launch an attack on the Knights.

Sasse authored a resolution praising the Knights, and condemning any effort to impose unconstitutional religion-related obstacles to public service. He told us on Benson & Harf that after initially asking for a delay as they deliberated over their strategy, Democrats ultimately decided not to object. The resolution passed unanimously, as it obviously should have. But a few days later, it became clear that Hirono wasn't the least bit contrite or sorry. Letting her bigot flag fly, and celebrating her aggressive ignorance, the Hawaii Democrat doubled down on her smears, launching another one against her Senate colleague:

.@MazieHirono attacked a judicial nom for membership in Knights of Columbus @KofC. @BenSasse responded with S.Res.19 condemning religious tests. @MazieHirono accused @BenSasse of embracing the alt-right (LOL) & entered into the record an attack on @KofC by @Catholic4Choice (LOL). pic.twitter.com/Y9J8AoBzuB — Jerry Dunleavy (@JerryDunleavy) January 19, 2019

Hirono's embarrassment of a statement claims that the resolution condemning her bigotry was addressing a non-existent problem, then accuses Sasse of "embrac[ing] the Alt-Right's position" on religious liberty. Setting aside the singularly moronic nature of this cheap shot, Hirono has inadvertently proven that the vote to rebuke her was manifestly necessary, and that she's learned nothing. The Nebraskan's communications director fired back on Twitter:

.@BenSasse has gone after the alt-right. @maziehirono is recklessly using the label “alt-right” to smear 2 million Catholics who volunteer in their communities. It’s laughably stupid, but it’s also insulting to the folks who face hate from the actual alt-right and neo-nazis. https://t.co/vElTB2iNob — James Wegmann (@jameswegmann) January 19, 2019

Kamala Harris, who's now officially running for president (read this analysis of her out-of-the-gate standing), can be a McCarthyite demagogue, but she's capable of nuance and tonal modulation. Hirono is incapable of any such thing, it would appear, as we unambiguously learned from her disgraceful performance during the Kavanaugh melee. I'll leave you with Allahpundit's blunt, spot-on assessment:

Hirono is a demagogic sleaze https://t.co/i3cQ8F359k — Allahpundit (@allahpundit) January 19, 2019

It looks like Hirono has made a choice to operate from the political gutter, so we likely haven't seen the last of her foolishness and bile.


Q:

Interesting and strange behaviour of objects and closure in Javascript

See the code
<script type = 'text/javascript'>
function a()
{
    ;
}
a.prototype.hello = function()
{
    alert('hello');
}
(function()
    {
        var b = 8;
    }
());
</script>

I'm not creating an object of a and not calling hello().But I'm getting the hello() called.
When I remove the closure ,the function is not automatically called.
ie. for
<script type = 'text/javascript'>
function a()
{
    ;
}
a.prototype.hello = function()
{
    alert('hello');
}
</script>

What is the reason for this strange behaviour?
http://jsfiddle.net/6yc9r/
and
http://jsfiddle.net/6yc9r/1/

A:

By omitting the semicolon, you are accidentally invoking the hello() function. This is why to use semicolons, even though the automatic semicolon insertion function of JS engines makes them seem like they're not necessary! Try this:
<script type = 'text/javascript'>
function a()
{
    ;
}
a.prototype.hello = function()
{
    alert('hello');
};
(function()
    {
        var b = 8;
    }
());
</script>

A:

The reason is that you're missing a ;.
Because there is no semicolon between the function expression and the ( on the next line, the second function becomes a parameter to the first, like this:
a.prototype.hello = function()
{
    alert('hello');
}(function() { ... }());


Alfonso González

Arturo Alfonso González González (born 5 September 1994), also known as "Ponchito," is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX club Monterrey.

Participating for the national team throughout various age groups, González was part of the team that won the 2011 U-17 World Cup. He made his debut with the senior Mexico national team in 2014 in a friendly match against Honduras.

Early life
Arturo González was born in Reynosa, Tamaulipas to Luis Enrique González and Irma González. As a child, he played baseball, the most popular sport in his hometown, However, after breaking an arm he began training in football. In December 2008 and January 2009 he went to the US city of Mission, Texas to try out for the youth team of Club Atlas. with a positive verdict from the coaches, he joined to the club's youth academy in 2009. After 2 years with the Youth Academy, he was called up to represent Mexico in the 2011 U17 World Cup, after good performances the youth team of Atlas during the 2010–11 season.

Club career

Atlas

2011–2012
González made his senior debut with Atlas on 18 February 2012 against Tigres coming in as a substitute for Alonso Zamora in the 65th minute of the game. He also made another appearance against Jaguares summing 2 appearances during the Clausura 2012 season.

2012–2013
González played his first match in the Apertura 2012 against Tigres coming in the 65th minute. He appeared on the match against San Luis coming on the 53rd minute, which they lost 3–2. He came on the second half on the Clasico Tapatio against Guadalajara, which they lost 2–0. He played all 90 minutes against Puebla scoring his first goal on a 2–2 draw. He played the last match against León losing 3–1.

He played the first match in the Clausura 2013 against Pumas coming on the 39th minute in a 1–1 draw. He played on the match against León losing 1–0. He played in 2 of 19 matches, which Atlas lost on the quarter-finals to Santos on a 3–1 aggerate.

2013–2014
He made his Apertura 2013 debut against Guadalajara on a 1–1 draw. His next game against Cruz Azul scoring a goal, but losing 2–1. He appeared against Pachuca losing 2–0. He appeared on the final game of the semester losing to Tigres 1–0.

For the Clausura 2014 he started to be a regular and contributing to the team and scoring 3 goals against Morelia, Pumas, and Jaguares. He played a total of 1,315 minutes.

2014–2015
He played on the first match against Tigres on a 0–0 draw. He took part in the 2–0 win over Morelia. On the third match against Jaguares, he scored an spectacular free kick goal on a 4–2 win. He was the man of the match on the game against Pumas after scoring the only goal of the match. He played against Leones Negros on a derby on a 1–0 win on a last-minute win penalty scored by Luis Nery Caballero. He played against Pachuca on a 3–1 loss, scoring a goal. He played against Santos on a 1–1 draw. He played all 90 minutes against Veracruz on another 1–1 draw. He played on a home win against Cruz Azul scoring a goal with a header. He played against Monterrey on a 2–1 away loss. He played against Querétaro on a 2–1 win. He played the Clasico Tapatío against Chivas winning 1–0 with a goal scored from Enrique Perez.

2015–2016
On 1 July 2016, a move to CF Monterrey was confirmed.

Monterrey

2016–2017
On March 22, 2017, he scored a goal in a friendly match against Rio Grande Valley FC Toros to open their new HEB stadium. It was the second goal ever in the history of the stadium.

2017–2018
In August, he suffered a cruciate ligament tear in his right knee which left him out of the season.

International career

Mexico U17
Arturo Competed in the 2011 U-17 World Cup in Mexico. He was given the number 10 shirt for the tournament, and scored his first and only goal of the tournament against Netherlands in the last minutes of the match breaking the tie, and clinching a 3–2 victory for Mexico. He would help the national team reach the final against Uruguay, where he assisted teammate Giovanni Casillas in the last few minutes in a 2–0 victory in the Azteca.

Mexico U20
Arturo was left out of the squad for the 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship by coach Sergio Almaguer. However, he appeared in the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup hosted in Turkey, appearing in all 4 matches and scoring one goal against Spain in the knockout stage, However, it wasn't enough since Mexico lost 1–2 and were eliminated from the tournament. Gonzalez also appeared in the 2013 and 2014 editions of the Toulon Tournament.

Mexico
González received his first call-up for Mexico on 1 October 2014. for two friendly matches against Honduras on 9 October, and Panama on 11 October 2014. He made his debut against Honduras coming in for Marco Fabián in the 76th minute of the game. Arturo became the first youth player from the 2011 U-17 national team squad to make his debut with the national team. Later he was called up again against Netherlands and Belarus on 12 and 18 November.

Career statistics

Club

International

Style of play
An attacking-midfielder, capable of playing from the left and in a playmaker role, González possesses a good eye for a pass, and is able to beat defenders on occasion with his dribbling ability.

Honours

Club
Monterrey
Liga MX: Apertura 2019
Copa MX: Apertura 2017
CONCACAF Champions League: 2019

International
Mexico
FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2011
 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament: 2015

References

External links

Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Atlas F.C. footballers
Category:C.F. Monterrey players
Category:Liga MX players
Category:Mexico youth international footballers
Category:Mexico under-20 international footballers
Category:Mexico international footballers
Category:Footballers from Tamaulipas
Category:People from Reynosa, Tamaulipas
Category:Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic footballers of Mexico
Category:Mexican footballers


#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2012 Miguel Olivares http://moliware.com/
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
# lowing conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
"""
  glacier
  ~~~~~~~

    Amazon Glacier tool built on top of boto. Look at the usage method to see
    how to use it.

    Author: Miguel Olivares <miguel@moliware.com>
"""
import sys

from boto.glacier import connect_to_region
from getopt import getopt, GetoptError
from os.path import isfile, basename

COMMANDS = ('vaults', 'jobs', 'upload')

def usage():
    print("""
glacier <command> [args]

    Commands
        vaults    - Operations with vaults
        jobs      - Operations with jobs
        upload    - Upload files to a vault. If the vault doesn't exits, it is
                    created

    Common args:
        --access_key - Your AWS Access Key ID.  If not supplied, boto will
                       use the value of the environment variable
                       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
        --secret_key - Your AWS Secret Access Key.  If not supplied, boto
                       will use the value of the environment variable
                       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
        --region     - AWS region to use. Possible values: us-east-1, us-west-1,
                       us-west-2, ap-northeast-1, eu-west-1.
                       Default: us-east-1

    Vaults operations:

        List vaults:
            glacier vaults

    Jobs operations:

        List jobs:
            glacier jobs <vault name>

    Uploading files:

        glacier upload <vault name> <files>

        Examples :
            glacier upload pics *.jpg
            glacier upload pics a.jpg b.jpg
""")
    sys.exit()

def connect(region, debug_level=0, access_key=None, secret_key=None):
    """ Connect to a specific region """
    layer2 = connect_to_region(region,
                               aws_access_key_id=access_key,
                               aws_secret_access_key=secret_key,
                               debug=debug_level)
    if layer2 is None:
        print('Invalid region (%s)' % region)
        sys.exit(1)
    return layer2

def list_vaults(region, access_key=None, secret_key=None):
    layer2 = connect(region, access_key = access_key, secret_key = secret_key)
    for vault in layer2.list_vaults():
        print(vault.arn)

def list_jobs(vault_name, region, access_key=None, secret_key=None):
    layer2 = connect(region, access_key = access_key, secret_key = secret_key)
    print(layer2.layer1.list_jobs(vault_name))

def upload_files(vault_name, filenames, region, access_key=None, secret_key=None):
    layer2 = connect(region, access_key = access_key, secret_key = secret_key)
    layer2.create_vault(vault_name)
    glacier_vault = layer2.get_vault(vault_name)
    for filename in filenames:
        if isfile(filename):
            sys.stdout.write('Uploading %s to %s...' % (filename, vault_name))
            sys.stdout.flush()
            archive_id = glacier_vault.upload_archive(
                filename,
                description = basename(filename))
            print(' done. Vault returned ArchiveID %s' % archive_id)

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        usage()

    command = sys.argv[1]
    if command not in COMMANDS:
        usage()

    argv = sys.argv[2:]
    options = 'a:s:r:'
    long_options = ['access_key=', 'secret_key=', 'region=']
    try:
        opts, args = getopt(argv, options, long_options)
    except GetoptError as e:
        usage()

    # Parse agument
    access_key = secret_key = None
    region = 'us-east-1'
    for option, value in opts:
        if option in ('-a', '--access_key'):
            access_key = value
        elif option in ('-s', '--secret_key'):
            secret_key = value
        elif option in ('-r', '--region'):
            region = value
    # handle each command
    if command == 'vaults':
        list_vaults(region, access_key, secret_key)
    elif command == 'jobs':
        if len(args) != 1:
            usage()
        list_jobs(args[0], region, access_key, secret_key)
    elif command == 'upload':
        if len(args) < 2:
            usage()
        upload_files(args[0], args[1:], region, access_key, secret_key)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Assessment of a two-step high-performance liquid chromatographic assay using dual-wavelength ultraviolet monitoring for 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in human serum or plasma.
The technique of dual-wavelength monitoring was used to verify the purity of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) peaks quantified as 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. The data obtained show the need for a second HPLC step prior to quantitation. Potential inaccuracy arising from inadvertent collection of radio-labelled decomposition products was assessed. Between-day coefficients of variation were 7.3, 5.0 and 3.6%, respectively for 11.3 (n = 12), 17.1 (n = 14), and 32.9 (n = 8) ng/ml of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. For 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, these values were 6.4 and 3.8% for 11.1 (n = 12) and 20.1 (n = 8) ng/ml concentrations, respectively. Comparison of total 25-hydroxycalciferol with a competitive protein binding assay was made. The comparison produced a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.94 and a relationship of y = 1.03x + 3.3. Four of the samples contained more than 10 ng/ml of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and the results are consistent with the reported 100% cross-reactivity of the competitive binding protein method for 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. A simple regeneration procedure is also described which enables Sep-Pak C18 cartridges to be reused up to eighteen times. Samples may be stored at -18 degrees C for upto several months before assay and either serum or plasma may be used.


Ind. Considers Mandatory College-Prep Curriculum

A blue-ribbon panel is pushing Indiana universities to require applicants to complete the state’s college-preparatory curriculum in order to win admission and financial aid.

The unanimous vote this month by the influential Education Roundtable is the one of a series of steps toward making the so-called Core 40 course requirements the standard for a diploma in the Hoosier State, proponents of the idea say.

“Core 40 should be the curriculum everyone pursues,” said Suellen K. Reed, the state superintendent of schools. “We want to make sure that everyone understands how important this is.”

Indiana is among the first of what will likely be many states that raise the academic rigor and course requirements for a high school diploma, says one expert.

“That is going to be a big push over the next year,” said Keith Gayler, the associate director of the Center on Education Policy, a Washington think tank that tracks high school reform. “Indiana’s is one of the more comprehensive plans that I’ve seen.”

While states such as California require an ambitious array of coursework for entry into elite public universities, Indiana’s plan would require such preparation for admission to any state-funded university. Indiana would also encourage private colleges to recognize the Core 40 curriculum.

The Education Roundtable voted on Oct. 13 to recommend tying college admission and financial aid to the completion of the Core 40 for the graduating class of 2011. Ms. Reed and Gov. Joseph E. Kernan are co-chairs of the committee of policymakers and business leaders, which advises the state on policies ranging from preschool through higher education.

In August, the panel endorsed a proposal to make the Core 40 the standard high school curriculum.

Sixty-two percent of graduates now complete the Core 40 coursework. The curriculum requires students to complete four years of English, two years of algebra, and a year of upper-level mathematics, as well as three years each of science and social studies. It also requires electives in foreign languages, the arts, and technology.

The state board of education must approve the August resolution, and the boards of trustees that govern individual higher education institutions must endorse this month’s policy position on college admission and financial aid.

Ramping Up

Increasing the strength of the high school curriculum is vital for ensuring that high school graduates succeed in college and the job market, according to one member of the blue-ribbon group.

“Every kid who doesn’t do this is destined to have difficulty throughout his life or her life,” said Steve Ferguson, a member of both the Education Roundtable and the Indiana University board of trustees.

But school officials wonder if they will have the resources to make the changes.

For example, they say that increasing the number and rigor of math and science courses will test schools’ ability to hire teachers qualified to teach those subjects.

“It’s going to be very challenging,” said Frank A. Bush, the executive director of the Indiana School Boards Association. “We don’t believe that there’s going to be enough math and science teachers available.”

But Ms. Reed said the state would give schools enough time to find solutions. The high school graduation policy would go into effect with the class of 2009, and the college-admission rules two years later.

Indiana would need to use the transitional time wisely, Mr. Gayler of the Center on Education Policy said.

If students are expected to take tougher classes but don’t get the help they need, they might end up dropping out, he said.

During the transition, middle schools would need curricula that prepare all students for the Core 40 classes, and high school counselors will need to track students who might not be able to keep up, Mr. Gayler said. “It’s the right struggle to be working on,” he added, “but it’ll be tough.”

Mr. Bush of the state school boards’ group worries that the Core 40 curriculum may be too demanding for all students.

Students who are “late bloomers” will have difficulty earning admission to state schools if they opt out of the Core 40 curriculum in high school, he said.

Those students, Mr. Ferguson said, could enroll in community colleges. The policies would make them eligible for admission to state universities once they earned 12 credit hours in the two-year colleges.

“They’ll have plenty of options,” said Mr. Ferguson, whose is the chairman of the Cook Group, a medical-device manufacturer based in Bloomington, Ind.

Vol. 24, Issue 09, Page 22

Published in Print: October 27, 2004, as Ind. Considers Mandatory College-Prep Curriculum

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abstract: 'A bipartite spin-1/2 system having the probabilities $\frac{1+3x}{4}$ of being in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state $|\Psi^-$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B$$-|$$\downarrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B)$ and $\frac{3(1-x)}{4}$ of being orthogonal, is known to admit a local realistic description if and only if $x<1/3$ (Peres criterion). We consider here a more general case where the probabilities of being in the entangled states $|\Phi^{\pm}$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B \pm |$$\downarrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B)$ and $|\Psi^{\pm}$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B \pm |$$\downarrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B)$ (Bell basis) are given respectively by $\frac{1-x}{4}$, $\frac{1-y}{4}$, $\frac{1-z}{4}$ and $\frac{1+x+y+z}{4}$. Following Abe and Rajagopal, we use the nonextensive entropic form $S_q \equiv \frac{1- Tr \rho^q}{q-1}\;(q \in \cal{R}; \; $$S_1$$= -$ $Tr$ $ \rho \ln \rho)$ which has enabled a current generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics, and determine the entire region in the $(x,y,z)$ space where local realism is admissible. For instance, in the vicinity of the EPR state, classical realism is possible if and only if $x+y+z<1$, which recovers Peres’ criterion when $x=y=z$. In the vicinity of the other three states of the Bell basis, the situation is identical. A critical-phenomenon-like scenario emerges. These results illustrate the computational power of this new nonextensive-quantum-information procedure.'
address:
- |
    Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil,\
    and\
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rm. 3-164, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA\
- 'Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rm. 3-160, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA\'
- |
    Center for Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Sciences and Department of Physics,\
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA\
author:
- 'Constantino Tsallis $^{(a)}$'
- 'Seth Lloyd $^{(b)}$'
- 'Michel Baranger$^{(c)}$'
title: Generalization of the Peres criterion for local realism through nonextensive entropy
---

Quantum entanglement is a manifestation of the essential nonlocality of the quantum world, and a most intriguing physical phenomenon. It was first discussed as early as 1935 by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) [@EPR] and by Schroedinger [@schroedinger], and has regained intensive interest in recent years due to its remarkable applications in quantum computation, teleportation and cryptography [@ekert; @bennett; @barenco; @zurek; @lloyd], among others, as well as its connections to quantum chaos [@quantumchaos].

Two systems $A$ and $B$ are said to be [*uncorrelated*]{} if and only if the density operator $\rho_{A+B}$ can be written as $$\rho_{A+B} = \rho_A \otimes \rho_B \;\;\;\; (Tr_{A+B}\; \rho_{A+B}= Tr_A \;\rho_A=Tr_B \;\rho_B=1),$$ i.e., if and only if $$\rho_{A+B} = (Tr_A \; \rho_{A+B})\otimes(Tr_B\;\rho_{A+B}).$$ Otherwise, $A$ and $B$ are said to be [*correlated*]{}. The concept of correlation is indistinctively classical or quantum. There is another concept, more subtle, which can exist only in quantum systems, and that is [ *(quantum) entanglement*]{}. Two systems $A$ and $B$ are said to be [*(quantum) unentangled*]{} (or [*separable*]{}, or admitting a [*local*]{} description with “hidden" variables, which is sometimes referred to as [*local realism*]{}) if and only if the corresponding density operator can be written as $$\rho_{A+B} = \sum_{i=1}^W p_i \;\rho_A^{(i)} \otimes \rho_B^{(i)} \;\;\;\; (p_i \ge 0\; \forall i; \;\sum_{i=1}^W p_i=1).$$ Otherwise, $A$ and $B$ are said to be [*entangled*]{} (or [*nonseparable*]{} or incompatible with [*local realism*]{}). Clearly, if $A$ and $B$ are uncorrelated, they are unentangled; the opposite is not true. The definition of entanglement is not necessarily simple to implement, since it might be relatively easy in a specific case to exhibit the form of Eq. (3), but it can be nontrivial to prove that it [*cannot*]{} be presented in that form. Consequently, along the years appreciable effort has been dedicated to the establishment of general operational criteria, preferentially in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions whenever possible. The particular case where $A$ and $B$ are just two simple spins 1/2 is paradigmatic, and illustrates well the difficulties.

The simplest basis for describing such systems is $|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B$, $|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B$, $|$$\downarrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B$ and $|$$\downarrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B$. All these states clearly are unentangled. Another popular basis (the Bell basis), convenient for a variety of experimental situations, is the [*singlet*]{} $|\Psi^-$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B$$-|$$\downarrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B)$ and $|\Psi^+$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B$$+|$$\downarrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B)$, $|\Phi^{\pm}$$> \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}(|$$\uparrow>_A|$$\uparrow>_B \pm |$$\downarrow>_A|$$\downarrow>_B)$ and $|\Psi^{\pm}$$>$. Each state of this basis is fully entangled. They satisfy $$|\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|+|\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-|+|\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+|+|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|=\hat1_{A+B} \equiv \hat1_A \otimes \hat1_B$$ with $Tr \; \hat 1_{A+B}=2\; Tr\; \hat 1_A= 2\; Tr \;\hat1_B= 4$.

We assume now that our bipartite system is in the so called Werner-Popescu [@werner; @popescu] state, namely $$\rho_{A+B}=\frac{1-x}{4}(|\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|+|\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-|+|\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+|)+\frac{1+3x}{4}|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|$$ or equivalently $$\rho_{A+B}=\frac{1-x}{4}\;\hat1_{A+B}+x\;|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-| \;\;\;(0 \le x \le 1),$$ where we have used Eq. (4). For $x=1$ and $x=0$ we have the fully entangled EPR state and the fully random one respectively. The question arises: up to what value of $x$ is local realism possible? The use of the Bell inequality yields that the threshold cannot exceed $1/\sqrt{2} \simeq 0.71$. The use of the $\alpha$-entropic inequality [@horodecki1] yields a more severe restriction, namely that it cannot exceed $1/\sqrt{3} \simeq 0.58$. The strongest result, i.e., the necessary and sufficient condition, was finally found (using a partial transpose of the density matrix) by Peres [@peres], and it is $x_c=1/3$. In a recent paper, Abe and Rajagopal [@aberajagopal] reobtained this result in an extremely elegant way. Let us briefly recall it.

Thermostatistically anomalous systems can, in some cases, be handled within a formalism which generalizes Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics. This formalism, introduced in 1988 [@tsallis], has been used in many applications [@tsallis2] and has already received several verifications [@levy; @logistic; @rafelski; @beck1; @ion; @beck2]. It is based on the entropic form $$S_q=\frac{1- Tr \rho^q}{q-1}\;\;\;(q \in \cal {R}; \; $Tr$ \;\rho=$1$;\;$S$_1=-$Tr$\; \rho \ln \rho).$$ This quantity is nonnegative ($\forall q$), concave (convex) for $q>0$ ($q<0$), and satisfies the property: $$S_q(\rho_A \otimes \rho_B)=S_q(\rho_A)+S_q(\rho_B)+(1-q)S_q(\rho_A)S_q(\rho_B)\;.$$ Consequently, it is [*superextensive*]{}, [*extensive*]{} and [*subextensive*]{} if $q<1$, $q=1$ and $q>1$ respectively. Also, it is extremal at equiprobability, i.e., $S_q(\hat 1/W)=\frac{W^{1-q}-1}{1-q}$ with $S_1(\hat1 /W) = \ln W$.

Ref. [@aberajagopal] defines the following [*conditional entropy*]{} $$S_q(B|A)\equiv \frac{S_q(A+B)-S_q(A)}{1+(1-q)S_q(A)},$$ where $S_q(A+B) \equiv S_q(\rho_{A+B})$ and $S_q(A) \equiv S_q(Tr_B\; \rho_{A+B})$. The conditional entropy $S_q(A|B)$ is defined in an analogous manner. Consequently, Eq. (9) implies $$\begin{aligned}
S_q(A+B) &=& S_q(A)+S_q(B|A)+(1-q)S_q(A)S_q(B|A) \\
                 &=&S_q(B)+S_q(A|B)+(1-q)S_q(B)S_q(A|B).\end{aligned}$$ These expressions generalize [@abeaxiom] Eq. (8), which is recovered as the particular case where $\rho_{A+B}=\rho_A \otimes \rho_B$, hence $S_q(A|B)=S_q(A)$ and $S_q(B|A)=S_q(B)$. Also, for $q=1$, they reproduce one of the Shannon-Khinchin axioms for obtaining the BG form for the entropy, i.e., $S_1$. Finally, it can be shown [@aberajagopal] that, for all values of $q$, these expressions are consistent with the celebrated Bayes theorem.

The entropies $S_q(A+B)$, $S_q(A)$ and $S_q(B)$ are necessarily nonnegative. This is also true for $S_q(A|B)$ and $S_q(B|A)$ [*if the system is classical, but not necessarily if it is quantum*]{}. Therefore, this property can be used as a criterion for local realism (see also [@cerfadami]). The conjecture is: [*Local realism is possible if and only if both $S_q(A|B)$ and $S_q(B|A)$ are nonnegative for all values of $q$*]{}. Let us stress that there is no general reason why $S_q(A|B)$ and $S_q(B|A)$ should be equal, not even in the classical case. Although we have no general proof, it seems plausible that both $S_q(A|B)$ and $S_q(B|A)$ decrease monotonically with $q$. In that case, the conjecture becomes: [*Local realism is possible if and only if both $S_{\infty}(A|B)$ and $S_{\infty}(B|A)$ are nonnegative*]{}.

Abe and Rajagopal have applied [@aberajagopal] this procedure to the Werner-Popescu state mentioned above, and have successfully recovered Peres’ threshold $x_c=1/3$.

In order to illustrate the simplicity of use of the present criterion, we shall assume the following state for the bipartite spin 1/2 system: $$\rho_{A+B}=\frac{1-x}{4}\;|\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|
+ \frac{1-y}{4}\;|\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-| + \frac{1-z}{4}\;|\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+| + \frac{1+x+y+z}{4}\;|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|$$ or equivalently $$\rho_{A+B}=\frac{1}{4}\;\hat1_{A+B}   -\frac{x}{4}\;|\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|-\frac{y}{4}\;|\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-|-\frac{z}{4}\;|\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+|
+(x+y+z)\;|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|\;,$$ with $x,y,z \le 1$. Eqs. (5) and (6) are reproduced in the $x=y=z$ case. The pure states $|\Phi^+$$>$, $|\Phi^-$$>$, $|\Psi^+$$>$ and $|\Psi^-$$>$ (EPR state) respectively correspond to $(x,y,z)=(-3,1,1),\;(1,-3,1),\;(1,1,-3)$ and $(1,1,1)$.

Let us now calculate $S_q(A+B)$. Eq. (12) implies $$\rho_{A+B}^{\;q}=\Bigl(\frac{1-x}{4}\Bigr)^q\;|\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|+\Bigl(\frac{1-y}{4}\Bigr)^q\;|\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-|+\Bigl(\frac{1-z}{4}\Bigr)^q\;|\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+|+\Bigl(\frac{1+x+y+z}{4}\Bigr)^q\;|\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|$$ hence $$S_q(A+B)=\frac{1}{1-q}\Bigl[\Bigl(\frac{1-x}{4}\Bigr)^q+  \Bigl(\frac{1-y}{4}\Bigr)^q+\Bigl(\frac{1-z}{4}\Bigr)^q+\Bigl(\frac{1+x+y+z}{4}\Bigr)^q-1 \Bigr].$$

Let us now calculate $S_q(A|B)$. We need to know $\rho_A=Tr_B\; \rho_{A+B}$, i.e., $$\rho_A=\frac{1-x}{4} Tr_B\; |\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+| +\frac{1-y}{4} Tr_B\; |\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-| +\frac{1-z}{4} Tr_B\; |\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+| +\frac{1+x+y+z}{4} Tr_B\; |\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|$$ hence $$\rho_A=\frac{1}{2} \;\hat1_A\;,$$ where we have used the fact that $Tr_B\; |\Phi^+$$><$$\Phi^+|=Tr_B\; |\Phi^-$$><$$\Phi^-|=Tr_B\; |\Psi^+$$><$$\Psi^+|=Tr_B\; |\Psi^-$$><$$\Psi^-|=\frac{1}{2}\;\hat1_A$. Eq. (17) implies $$\rho_A^{\;q}=\frac{1}{2^q} \;\hat1_A\;,$$ hence $$S_q(A)=\frac{2^{1-q}-1}{1-q}\;.$$ Substituting expressions (15) and (19) into Eq. (9) we obtain $S_q(A|B)$ as an explicit function of $(x,\;y,\;z;\;q)$ (See Figs. 1 and 2). Both $S_q(A+B)$ and $S_q(A|B)$ are invariant under the transformations $(x,y,z) \rightarrow (x,z,y)$, $(x,y,z) \rightarrow (-x-y-z,x,y)$, and the analogous ones. $S_q(A|B)=S_q(B|A)=0$ implies $$\Bigl(\frac{1-x}{4}\Bigr)^q+  \Bigl(\frac{1-y}{4}\Bigr)^q+\Bigl(\frac{1-z}{4}\Bigr)^q+\Bigl(\frac{1+x+y+z}{4}\Bigr)^q = \frac{1}{2^{q-1}}\;.$$ In the limit $q \rightarrow \infty$, this relation implies $$x+y+z=1\;.$$ In other words, if the present conjecture is correct, local realism is impossible in the neighborhood of the $|\Psi^{-}$$>$ (EPR state) if and only if $x+y+z>1$. If $x=y=z$ we recover $x_c=1/3$ (Peres criterion). If all the symmetries of the problem are used, we obtain Fig. 3. We see there that the physical space is a tetrahedron included in a $4 \times 4 \times 4$ cube. The vertices of the tetrahedron correspond to the four states of the Bell basis. Each of these vertices is also the outer vertex of a smaller tetrahedron, inside which no classical realism is possible. These four smaller tetrahedra delimit a octahedron surrounding the origin $x=y=z=0$ (state of full randomness). Classical realism is possible if and only if $(x,y,z)$ belongs to this octahedron. This geometry coincides with that obtained in [@horodeckicube] from a quite different standpoint.

Let us focus on the vicinity of the EPR state. If we observe carefully Fig. 2 we can see that all the curves such that $1<x+y+z <3$ exhibit, as functions of $q$, an inflexion point hereafter referred to as $q_I$. The inflexion point runs to infinity when we approach the plane $x+y+z=1$ from above (see Fig. 3), and runs to zero when we approach the point $x=y=z=1$, varying continuously in between. In all cases where the inflexion point exists, we notice that for $q>q_I$ the conditional entropy $S_q(A|B)=S_q(B|A)$ bends quickly towards minus infinity. Consequently, this point is an intrinsic characteristic of the quantum entanglement between the subsystems $A$ and $B$. Moreover, for convenience we can define the quantity $\eta \equiv 1/(1+q_I) \in [0,1]$, which plays a role analogous to an order parameter in standard critical phenomena. Indeed, in the whole region $0 \le x+y+z \le 1$ we have $\eta=0$ (“local realistic" phase); the region $1<x+y+z \le 3$ corresponds therefore to the “nonlocal realistic" phase, the entanglement “order parameter" $\eta$ reaching unity at the $(1,1,1)$ corner of the cube in Fig. 3. If we consider now the entire physical region (Fig. 3), we see that $\eta$ vanishes inside the central octahedron described above, and is different from zero inside the four tetrahedra neighboring respectively the four pure states of the Bell basis; for these states it is unity. At the present stage, this critical-phenomenon-like scenario is but a suggestive analogy. Indeed, $\eta$ (or any other convenient quantity related to $q_I$) cannot be considered as an order parameter in the thermodynamical sense unless several other properties are clearly understood, such as the symmetry which is broken if any, and the parameter thermodynamically conjugate to the order parameter (the associated susceptibility would diverge at the critical surface, i.e., the faces of the central octahedron). Further studies would be needed for better understanding the implications and degree of generality of the present scheme.

Summarizing, we have used the zero of the Abe-Rajagopal conditional entropy [@aberajagopal] as a criterion for local realism in a bipartite spin 1/2 system in the quite general state (12). The discussion of other systems and/or other states [@peres; @GHZ] would certainly be enlightening. In particular this would clarify the degree of generality of the Abe-Rajagopal method for determining necessary and sufficient conditions for local realism [@horodecki2]. Generally speaking, the present work reinforces the now common understanding [@horodecki1; @horodecki2; @zurek2; @popescu2; @horodecki3; @grigolini; @aberajagopal2; @vidiellabarranco; @brukner] that the connections and analogies between quantum entanglement and thermodynamics are deep and fruitful.

One of us (C.T.) acknowledges warm hospitality at MIT, as well as enlightening remarks from S. Abe and A.K. Rajagopal. This work was supported in part by DARPA under the QUIC initiative.

$(a)$ tsallis@cbpf.br, tsallis@mit.edu

$(b)$ slloyd@mit.edu

$(c)$ baranger@ctp.mit.edu

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[**FIGURE CAPTIONS**]{}

Fig. 1.  $S_q(B|A)=S_q(A|B)$ versus $(x,y,z)$ for typical values of $q$: (a) $q=1/2$ for the solid lines, $q=2$ for the dashed lines, and $q=5$ for the dotted lines, along the directions $(x,0,0)$, $(x,x,0)$ and $(x,x,x)$ from top to bottom; (b) For $(x,y,z)$ along the edge joining $|\Phi^+$$>$ and $|\Psi^-$$>$ or, equivalently, $|\Phi^+$$>$ and $|\Phi^-$$>$ (notice the symmetry with regard to the $x=-1$ axis). In fact $S_q(B|A)$ varies in the same way along the six edges of the big tetrahedron indicated in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2.  $S_q(B|A)=S_q(A|B)$ versus $q$, for typical values of $(x,y,z)$. The curve which for $q>0$ is the uppermost is given by $(2^{1-q}-1) /(1-q)$. The lowest curve is given by $-(2^{q-1}-1)/(q-1)$. Notice that six interesting nonuniform convergences occur at $q=0$, namely when (i) the $(x,0,0)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,0,0)$ curve; (ii) the $(x,x,0)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,1,0)$ curve; (iii) the $(x,x,x)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,1,1)$ curve; (iv) the $(1,x,0)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,1,0)$ curve; (v) the $(1,x,x)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,1,1)$ curve; (vi) the $(1,1,x)$ curves approach, for $x \rightarrow 1$, the $(1,1,1)$ curve. For $q<0$, all curves, excepting the $(1,1,1)$ one, have positive values and curvatures. The $(1,1,1)$ curve is everywhere negative both in value and curvature.

Fig. 3.  The physical space of the mixed state considered in the present paper is the tetrahedron determined by the four big circles. Every big circle and its three neighboring small circles determine a region (small tetrahedron) where no classical realism is possible. The four small tetrahedra delimit a central octahedron where classical realism is possible. The $x+y+z=1$ plane (dashed) generalizes the Peres criterion, and plays the role of a critical surface. The entanglement “order parameter" $\eta \equiv 1/(1+q_I)$ is zero inside the central octahedron, and continuously increases when we approach the four vertices of the big tetrahedron, where $\eta=1$.


Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant extracellular domain of CD99.
CD99/MIC2 gene product is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein which plays a major role in homotypic cell adhesion, apoptosis of double positive T cells and vesicular protein trafficking. It is over expressed in various cancers and has been considered as an ideal therapeutic target. The present study focused at developing monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain (ECD) of CD99 using hybridoma technology. In order to generate monoclonal antibodies, the recombinant ECD of CD99 was used for immunizing the mice. Resulting hybridomas were screened through indirect ELISA. Clones which gave high absorbance values were sub cloned by limiting dilution followed by isotype determination, IP, WB and FACS. The monoclonal antibody 547F2 4F12 was purified from culture supernatant using FPLC and further screened using IF. Finally, the antibodies were validated for specificity using siRNA knock-down. We were able to establish stable hybridoma clones secreting CD99 antibodies. The antibodies reacted with both the recombinant ECD as well as the wild type CD99 and their isotype's were determined as IgM. Based on these results, we propose that the purified monoclonal antibody 547F2 4F12 could be possibly used for targeting tumors which over express CD99.


KUPT

KUPT is a satellite television station rebroadcasting KUPT-LD from Albuquerque, New Mexico in Hobbs, New Mexico, broadcasting locally on digital channel 29, as an affiliate of Heroes & Icons.

History
In 1995, KUPT began broadcasting with the advent of the United Paramount Network (UPN).  KUPT's first broadcast featured a continuous marathon telecast of the original Star Trek television series.  Following the marathon, the station broadcast a locally produced Texas Tech University football game from Albuquerque, New Mexico. The station also broadcast UPN network programming and syndicated programming, which included Star Trek: Voyager.

On September 5, 2006, the station began broadcasting as an affiliate of the new MyNetworkTV network.  On January 1, 2006, KUPT switched to channel 14 in Lubbock, Texas and had previously broadcast on channel 22 as a UPN affiliate in Lubbock until that channel became the WB affiliate on that same date under the KWBZ callsign.

On October 1, 2014 KUPT became an affiliate of Weigel's Movies! TV network. This marked the entry of KUPT into the Albuquerque TV market. KUPT's programming was previously seen on KMYL analog channel 14/digital channel 43-2 in Lubbock.

On February 1, 2015, KUPT became an affiliate of Weigel's Heroes & Icons TV network, with Movies! moved to 29.3 on KUPT.

The station broadcasts about 50 basketball games each year from American Sports Network. Starting with the 2011 football season, the station is also part of the Southland Conference Television Network.

Digital television

Digital channel

The station's digital channel is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KUPT discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 29, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 16 to channel 29.

Note
KUPT's transmitter is based in Hobbs, New Mexico, and is within the Albuquerque market. Also, the county that Hobbs is located in, Lea County, is divided between the Odessa–Midland and Albuquerque markets.

See also
 KJTV-TV
 KWBZ-TV

References

External links

Category:Television channels and stations established in 1987
UPT
Category:Television stations in Lubbock, Texas
Category:1987 establishments in New Mexico
Category:1987 establishments in Texas
Category:Heroes & Icons affiliates