Q:

Differentiate a numerically defined function

My function is
f[a_, b_] := NIntegrate[Sqrt[(Cos[t] - a)^2 + b^2], {t, 0, Pi}]

I want to calculate g[1,1] where g[a,b] is defined as...
g[a_, b_] := Derivative [1, 0][f][a, b]

I get the error

The integrand has evaluated for non-numerical values...

Now I can easily calculate the derivative first and not get an error, but I don't want to do that for a particular reason. I can also use a finite difference formula that I create myself, but I want to use procedures already defined by Mathematica.
Is it possible to avoid this error and calculate the derivative of a numerical integral?

A:

This should work:
Clear[f];
f[a_?NumericQ, b_?NumericQ] := NIntegrate[Sqrt[(Cos[t] - a)^2 + b^2], {t, 0, Pi}]

and then add //N at the end of the definition of g[a,b]
g[a_, b_] := Derivative[1, 0][f][a, b]//N
g[1,1]
(*1.80525*)

A:

Just ignore the error message.  Use
g[a_, b_] := Quiet@Derivative[1, 0][f][a, b]
(* 1.80525 *)

This answer can be verified by
(f[1.005, 1] - f[.995, 1])/.01
(* 1.80525 *)

A:

If the function can be evaluated at complex arguments, one possibility is to use the complex step derivative approximation of Squire and Trapp.
For this function, it proceeds like so:
f[a_?NumericQ, b_?NumericQ] := NIntegrate[Sqrt[(a - Cos[t])^2 + b^2], {t, 0, Pi}]

(* complex step approximation *)
With[{x = 1, y = 1, h = $MachineEpsilon}, Im[f[x + I h, y]]/h]
   1.80525

(* analytic derivative *)
With[{a = 1, b = 1},
     NIntegrate[(a - Cos[t])/Sqrt[(a - Cos[t])^2 + b^2], {t, 0, Pi}]]
   1.8052526175436538


Chelsea insist Roman Abramovich has not yet scrapped his plans to build a new stadium, despite the club acknowledging that planning permission for the project will be allowed to expire and the coronavirus crisis casting more doubt on whether it will ever get off the ground again.

Planning permission for the 60,000 capacity super-stadium that some had likened to a ‘football cathedral’ was granted three years ago on the premise that work would start before March 31, 2020.

Abramovich paused the project almost two years ago, following the refusal of the UK Government to renew Chelsea’s Russian owner's Tier-1 visa, and the club have now effectively returned to stage one of the project by allowing planning permission to lapse on Tuesday.

Given Abramovich has made no attempt to reapply for a visa and has not been seen at Stamford Bridge for two years, there was already no prospect of the necessary work starting by the end of this month.

As part of the planning permission, Chelsea had agreed to have started the demolition of all the buildings on the site around the stadium, including the two hotels. The fact one of those hotels is currently providing bed and breakfast to NHS staff, at Abramovich's expense, during the coronavirus crisis only highlights the new environment in which everybody is now living and working.

Chelsea had pointed to the “unfavourable investment climate” in their 2018 statement confirming that the stadium had been shelved, with the uncertainty over what a post-Brexit landscape might look like.


#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Solution(object):
    # Easy to understand: recursively.
    def permute(self, nums):
        ans = []
        self.dfs(nums, [], ans)
        return ans

    def dfs(self, nums, path, ans):
        if not nums:
            ans.append(path)
        for i, n in enumerate(nums):
            self.dfs(nums[:i] + nums[i + 1:], path + [n], ans)

class Solution_2(object):
    # Pythonic way.  recursively.
    # According to: https://leetcode.com/discuss/42550/one-liners-in-python
    def permute(self, nums):
        return [[n] + p
                for i, n in enumerate(nums)
                for p in self.permute(nums[:i] + nums[i + 1:])] or [[]]

"""
[]
[1]
[1,2,3]
"""


“I really enjoyed my time at Illinois," Douglas said during a recent trip to Rock Island to watch Quincy play the Rocks. "Back then Illinois was a special place and still is close to my heart. I’m not able to get back to very many games, but when I can I do or will watch them on TV.

"I was able to attend the Maryland game this year, it was exciting. I could see growth in the program; the kids could have rolled over, but they fought back like winners do. I’ve not had a chance to sit down and talk to Coach (Brad) Underwood just yet. I ‘ll make time for it; from what I’ve seen on TV and the Maryland game he has my full support.

“Things are exciting and new for everyone right now with the new coaching staff; I think they’re going to be OK. The energy and defense is being installed, the tempo is fast which should be attractive to players today.”

Underwood has talked about the former players and how important they are to him and the university: “Every program is strong because of its history, the more you can stay connected to the history and the present and future not only for the players but the fans as well.”

The game is played a lot differently today than how it was in the early ‘80s and probably the ‘90s Douglas can see the change in the game and the way coaches are dealing with players today.


Unidentified persons hurled three petrol bombs in the vicinity of the Sri Meenakshi Temple on Wednesday night.

Police said there were no casualties in the incident.

The bombs were hurled within a span of two hours late last night. However, only one of it exploded. Broken beer bottles were recovered from the site, police said.

The incident occurred few hours after the National Investigation Guards (NSG) reviewed security arrangements in the temple.

NSG DSP Viswanathan and his team inspected the CCTV arrangements, queue system, and scanning equipments.

Police said sufficient protection cover was in place in the temple and its vicinity.

Mani, a local resident, said he heard a loud noise in the night and saw people running helter-skelter. Personnel from the Special Investigation Unit (SIU) and Special Investigation Cell (SIC) inspected the area.

SIU personnel said it seemed that some miscreants exploded the bombs with an intention to create panic. Initial investigation ruled out the terror angle.

Temple officials were requested to restrict usage of mobile phones inside the temple and use jammers, Viswanathan said.

Some changes in the security system have been suggested, he said.


Q:

Is it possible to use "add service reference" option to add a self-hosted service in WCF?

I am creating a WCF service. At first I had one WCF service library project and one console project which was referencing the this library. And it worked fine when I used "add service reference" in my client project, as long as the service library had a valid App.Config file.
However, now I want to combine the service library and the console host into one console project. After all, the previous console project was pretty simple. But here comes the problem: when I choose "add service reference" and give the endpoint I defined in the App.config file of the new console project, it can't find any service reference. I take it because the service will not be hostedd by wcfsvchost.exe when the add service reference function was on(and I think it makes sense). But I can't think of a way to make it work. So how am I supposed to add a service reference, if my service is one single console-hosted project?

A:

The easiest way for you is to run WCF service, generate a service reference and then combine it into single application. All you will need to do is just change address in your app.config. But be careful with this, as you should change address for client part and not server part of app.config.
This approach, however, will be difficult to maintain in future, when you will decide to change your service data contract and regenerate service reference. You might want to consider the following: wrap service reference into assembly and use assembly instead. This way you will be able to regenerate you service reference whenever needed.


Factors affecting the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke.
Studies of the factors affecting the first recurrence of ischemic stroke have reported inconsistent findings. Types of initial stroke and the racial differences in study samples are among the explanations that may account for this inconsistency. The aims of this study were to estimate the cumulative recurrence rates of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke and identify the factors that influence the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke in the Taiwanese Chinese population. Four hundred and sixty-six patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke from thirteen hospitals in Taiwan were followed up in this study to ascertain first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke between October 1992 and April 1995. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative recurrence rate. The Cox regression model was used to ascertain the significant factors affecting the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. The overall cumulative recurrence rate was 10.5% (49/466) from the follow-up period of 30 months. After adjustment for age, sex, treatment modes, and variables pertinent to blood pressure, the site of brain lesion remained a significant factor. The relative risk of first recurrence for the basal ganglion vs. the region of middle cerebral artery was 3.06 (95% CI: 1.29-7.26). The brain lesion site was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of risk for the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke among the Taiwanese Chinese population. Whether this finding was also seen in other populations should be corroborated in future research.


Q:

Sorted-ception - Adding to a SortedList inside a SortedDictionary

So this is a thing I've been looking at for quite some time now. And I can't see where I did it wrong. Hope you guys can help ^^
So my problem is that I have 311 objects which I try to sort into a SortedDictionary<int, SortedList<int, Entry>> (>). However the result is a dictionary with only 112 objects. Where do the rest go and why ain't they going where the should?
    public SortedDictionary<int, SortedList<int, Entry>> GetSortedByForum(int id)
    {
        SortedDictionary<int, SortedList<int, Entry>> result = new SortedDictionary<int, SortedList<int, Entry>>();

        foreach (var e in GetByForum(id))
        {
            e.fk_entry = e.fk_entry == null
                ? 0
                : e.fk_entry;

            if (!result.ContainsKey((int)e.fk_entry))
                result[(int)e.fk_entry] = new SortedList<int, Entry>();

            if (!result[(int)e.fk_entry].ContainsKey(e.fk_language))
                result[(int)e.fk_entry][e.fk_language] = new Entry();

            result[(int)e.fk_entry][e.fk_language] = e;
        }

        return result;
    }

Background info might help:

fk_entry is the objects parent. An entry can only have on parent, but can however have multiple children.
fk_language is the language of the entry, a entry can have several translations
entry is an article of some sort. The dictionary should order them by parent, and then by language.

A:

Your problem is in the following line of code. It only adds the first entry for a particular language - later entries for the same parent and language are not added.
if (!result[(int)e.fk_entry].ContainsKey(e.fk_language))
    result[(int)e.fk_entry][e.fk_language] = new Entry();

Keeping as much of your code the same as possible, I think you want a collection of entries associated with each particular language:
var result = new SortedDictionary<int, SortedList<int, List<Entry>>>();

...
...

if (!result[(int)e.fk_entry].ContainsKey(e.fk_language))
    result[(int)e.fk_entry][e.fk_language] = new List<Entry>();

result[(int)e.fk_entry][e.fk_language].Add(e);

Given your comment, "How would I do it if I wanted to also sort the different translations by fk_language?", you could try incorporating something like this into your loop:
var result2 = new SortedDictionary<int, Dictionary<int, List<int>>>();

if (!result2[(int)e.fk_entry].ContainsKey(e.some_unique_entry_id))
    result2[(int)e.fk_entry][e.some_unique_entry_id] = new List<int>();

result2[(int)e.fk_entry][e.some_unique_entry_id].Add(e.fk_language);

Or use LINQ to query the first SortedDictionary, to manipulate it into the format you need.


Bosnian war criminal’s live court suicide under probe

THE HAGUE: Dutch prosecutors are investigating how a Bosnian Croat war criminal managed to dramatically take his own life on Wednesday, apparently after drinking poison he had smuggled into a United Nations court, in scenes that were broadcast live.

In shocking footage beamed around the world, Slobodan Praljak drank from a small brown glass bottle and exclaimed he had taken poison moments after UN judges upheld his 20-year jail term for atrocities committed during the 1990s Balkans conflict.

The 72-year-old died in hospital after being rushed from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), casting a cloud over what should have been a successful end to the court’s tenure.

Prosecutors said their investigation would focus on what killed Praljak and whether he had received any outside help in obtaining the suspected poison.

“For the time being the inquiry will focus on assisted suicide and violation of the Medicines Act,” the Public Prosecution Service said in a statement late on Wednesday, adding it would not be commenting further.

The unprecedented drama came as judges handed down their very last verdict at the court in the appeal case of six Bosnian Croat political and military leaders.

Praljak, a former military commander of a breakaway Bosnian Croat statelet, shouted out angrily: “Praljak is not a criminal. I reject your verdict.”

Standing tall, with a shock of white hair and beard, he then raised a small brown bottle to his lips, and tipped it into his mouth. The hearing was quickly suspended as Praljak’s lawyer interjected: “My client says he has taken poison.”

ICTY spokesman Nenad Golcevski told reporters that Praljak “quickly fell ill” and died in hospital. He could not confirm what was in the bottle.

The stunning events caused a shockwave in Croatia and intense embarrassment at a war crimes tribunal that closes next month more than two decades after being set up at the height of the 1992-1995 Bosnian conflict.

Among the questions to be answered will be how he managed to evade tight security to smuggle the bottle into the tribunal. And if the liquid was indeed poison or noxious, how did he acquire it in the UN detention centre in The Hague where he was being held.


Barney Thomson, awkward, diffident, Glasgow barber, lives a life of desperate mediocrity and his uninteresting life is about to go from 0 to 60 in five seconds, as he enters the grotesque and comically absurd world of the serial killer.


Eight Northeast states from New Jersey to Maine are under Snow alerts this morning. Some of these alerts, however, will expire around 7 a.m. as the storm moves north into northern New England.

This morning, our nor’easter continues to produce snow in New England from Connecticut to Maine with gusty winds from Philadelphia to New York City and Boston.

This evening, the nor’easter will begin moving into Canada taking the snow with it, with just lingering snow showers in northern Maine from Bangor to Caribou.

It will continue to be blustery and chilly for most of the Northeast today with gusty winds from 20 to 40 mph.

Additional snowfall of up to 3 inches locally is possible around Boston this morning. The rest of the snow will fall mostly in Maine where another half a foot of snow is possible.

We are watching a new storm system that could bring heavy rain and snow to southern California, from Los Angeles and San Diego into the Sierra Nevada mountains Tuesday night into Wednesday morning. A Winter Storm Watch has been issued for Sierra Nevada for tonight.

This morning and today, the storm will remain off shore and it will be mostly dry for Los Angeles and San Diego.

By tonight into Wednesday morning, the storm will move onshore in California with heavy rain from Los Angeles to San Diego. Minor flash flooding is possible in Southern California. Read more

Read also: Trump administration quietly releases Lebanon military aid after mysterious delay


Novel on chip rotation detection based on the acousto-optic effect in surface acoustic wave gyroscopes.
An Acousto-Optic Gyroscope (AOG) consisting of a photonic integrated device embedded into two inherently matched piezoelectric surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators sharing the same acoustic cavity is presented. This constitutes the first demonstration of a micromachined strain-based optomechanical gyroscope that uses the effective index of the optical waveguide due to the acousto-optic effect rather than conventional displacement sensing. The theoretical analysis comparing various photonic phase sensing techniques is presented and verified experimentally for the cases based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, as well as a racetrack resonator. This first prototype integrates acoustic and photonic components on the same lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) substrate and constitutes the first proof of concept demonstration of the AOG. This approach enables the development of a new class of micromachined gyroscopes that combines the advantages of both conventional microscale vibrating gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes.


Q:

Calculate multiple cutoff percentages for an Int list in Haskell?

I would like to write a Haskell function for the following problem: Given two list of Integers ("depths" and "thresholds"), return the mean depth and the fractional of depths greater or equal for each threshold.
As an example, given the depths [10,10,10,15,15,20] and the tresholds [10,15,20], the expected result should be [13.333333,1.0,0.5,0.16666667] (mean depth is 13.3, 100% of depths >= 10, 50% of depths >= 15 & 17% of depths >=20).
An imperative pseudo code solution could look like this:
-- getMeanAndPercents (thresholds, depths):
--  sum = 0
--  threshold_counts = [0 for t in thresholds]
--  len = 0
--  for d in depths:
--   sum += d
--   len += 1
--   for t in thresholds:
--    if d >= t: tresholds_counts[t] += 1
--  for t in tresholds
--   threshold_percents[t] = thresholds_counts[t] / len
--  return = [sum / len] + [threshold_percents]

My Haskell solution looks like this:
getMeanAndPercents :: [Int] -> [Int] -> [Float]
getMeanAndPercents thresholds depths = let
    depths2 = map f depths -- replace each depth d with [d, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, ...]
    counts = foldl1 (zipWith (+)) depths2 -- sum the inner lists
    len = fromIntegral $ length depths -- get total depth length
                                       in fromIntegral (head counts) / len : map (\c -> fromIntegral c / len) (tail counts)
    where
        f d = d : map (\t -> if d >= t then 1 else 0) thresholds

Questions:
1) How should this code be indented (I'm unsure how to mix let ... in with where)?
2) How often Haskell will loop over depths? I would assume once for length and once for foldl1 & map.
3) What would be a better (w.r.t. performance and/or readability)  implementation in Haskell? (I assume one needs to do at least O(d*t), i.e. loop over all thresholds for all depths)
EDIT: The depths are not ordered, the thresholds could be ordered by the function. Thus, one could skip >= once the first threshold fails the test.

A:

How should this code be indented?
That is subjective- personally I prefer this:
getMeanAndPercents :: [Int] -> [Int] -> [Float]
getMeanAndPercents thresholds depths
  = let depths2 = map f depths
        counts  = foldl1 (zipWith (+)) depths2
        len     = fromIntegral $ length depths
    in fromIntegral (head counts) / len : map (\c -> fromIntegral c / len) (tail counts)
 where f d = d : map (\t -> if d >= t then 1 else 0) thresholds

How often Haskell will loop over depths? I would assume once for length and once for foldl1 & map.
Lists in Haskell are not actually lists, but rather lazy streams of data, like a generator in an imperative language like python.
Because the computation depends on the length of the stream, we have to go trough it once to see how long it is, which also forces you to load the entire list into memory.
You loop trough the depth list once for each item in the threshold list, and another time to get the sum, so this is O(2d+dt).
If you actually know the length of the list you should pass it in to the function, or you could use another datatype like Array where the length is already known.
What would be a better (w.r.t. performance and/or readability) implementation in Haskell? (I assume one needs to do at least O(d*t), i.e. loop over all thresholds for all depths)
I would have written your implementation like this:
getMeanAndPercents :: [Int] -> [Int] -> (Float, [Float])
getMeanAndPercents thresholds depths
  | len    <- fi $ length depths
  , (c:cs) <- foldl1 (zipWith (+)) $ f <$> depths
  = (fi c / len, (/len).fi <$> cs)
 where f d = d : map (\t -> if d >= t then 1 else 0) thresholds
       fi  = fromIntegral

This is closer to your imperative code:
getMeanAndPercents thresholds depths
  | ((sum, len), ts) <- mapAccumL
      ( \(sum, len) d -> ( (sum+d, len+1)
                         , map (\t -> if d>=t then 1 else 0) thresholds
                         )
      ) (0,0) depths
  = (/len) <$> (sum:foldl1(zipWith(+))ts)

This is more readable/ideomatic haskell:
getMeanAndPercents :: [Int] -> [Int] -> (Float, [Float])
getMeanAndPercents thresholds depths
  | len <- length depths
  = ( sum depths / len
    , [ length (filter (>=t) depths) / len | t <- thresholds ]
    )


Dwarf Sea Horse 3 Pair- 6 seahorses for sale

Three pair of dwarf seahorses. Let these couple dance around you aquarium for your enjoyment.

Dwarf Sea Horse - Scientific name Hippocampus Zosterae

It may be best if these little guys are in a tank just for them so they do not have to compete for food. I recommend feeding them newly hatched brine shrimp with the Artemia species being the best quality. I would also suggest a tank with a low current and no coral. If they attach to coral it may burn them.

Amazing Horses

Posted by Angel Biringer on 27th Apr 2018

I actually got 8,they are very playful and so Beautiful. I will order again soon

5

dwarf seahorses

Posted by Jaime on 10th Apr 2018

Was very please, they were able to get them shipped out quickly enough even on a thursday and arrived on my bday, had 2 extras, all made it even with the cold temps, and the one male had babies couple days after arriving, will order again

5

Dwarf seahorse

Posted by Yolanda Reales on 30th Mar 2018

Come on time healthy and happy love watching these little guys

5

Awesome

Posted by Kaitlin N on 29th Mar 2018

Received 8 seahorses in total all of them survived. Had a pregnant male gave birth almost immediately I believe the stress of the trip. I believe one baby made it maybe 2 they are so small I’m not able to see them. Extremely satisfied with yet another purchase

5

Dwarf seahorses 6 pack

Posted by Jude on 4th Mar 2018

Thank you for my order everything showed up looking great I love the different colors ,all were alive and very vibrant and eating before I even took them out of the bag ( I gave them some baby brine while I was acclimating them) i will definitely be ordering again and would recommend to anyone looking for seahorses.

5

Awesome

Posted by Shelby bennett on 26th Feb 2018

They arived been doing great they have had 14 babies lol love to watch them on an everyday basis I may buy some fish for my other tank I'll defiantly order from here again thank u

5

Dwarf Seahorses

Posted by Dave Mach on 25th Feb 2018

Very happy with my seahorses they started having babies in 2 days and are doing great babies are growing nice I have 2 week old and newborns

5

Great review

Posted by Allison U on 8th Feb 2018

I am so happy with my order! I received 2 extra but 1 passed away in transit AND 1 was pregnant. I am SO delighted!

5

3 pair seahorses

Posted by Sam campbell on 1st Feb 2018

All arived in good shape happy and healthy eating immediately i recieved extra horses will definitely buy from again if your thinking about it just do it .fast shipping and a Good guy to deal with


// Copyright 2018 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include <memory>

#include "include/v8.h"

#include "src/codegen/code-desc.h"
#include "src/execution/isolate.h"
#include "src/handles/handles-inl.h"
#include "test/cctest/cctest.h"

namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
namespace test_factory {

namespace {

// This needs to be large enough to create a new nosnap Isolate, but smaller
// than kMaximalCodeRangeSize so we can recover from the OOM.
constexpr int kInstructionSize = 100 * MB;
STATIC_ASSERT(kInstructionSize < kMaximalCodeRangeSize || !kRequiresCodeRange);

size_t NearHeapLimitCallback(void* raw_bool, size_t current_heap_limit,
                             size_t initial_heap_limit) {
  bool* oom_triggered = static_cast<bool*>(raw_bool);
  *oom_triggered = true;
  return kInstructionSize * 2;
}

class SetupIsolateWithSmallHeap {
 public:
  SetupIsolateWithSmallHeap() {
    FLAG_max_old_space_size = kInstructionSize / MB / 2;  // In MB.
    v8::Isolate::CreateParams create_params;
    create_params.array_buffer_allocator = CcTest::array_buffer_allocator();
    isolate_ = reinterpret_cast<Isolate*>(v8::Isolate::New(create_params));
    isolate_->heap()->AddNearHeapLimitCallback(NearHeapLimitCallback,
                                               &oom_triggered_);
  }

  ~SetupIsolateWithSmallHeap() {
    reinterpret_cast<v8::Isolate*>(isolate_)->Dispose();
  }

  Isolate* isolate() { return isolate_; }
  bool oom_triggered() const { return oom_triggered_; }

 private:
  Isolate* isolate_;
  bool oom_triggered_ = false;
};

}  // namespace

TEST(Factory_CodeBuilder) {
  Isolate* isolate = CcTest::i_isolate();
  HandleScope scope(isolate);

  // Create a big function that ends up in CODE_LO_SPACE.
  const int instruction_size = kMaxRegularHeapObjectSize + 1;
  std::unique_ptr<byte[]> instructions(new byte[instruction_size]);

  CodeDesc desc;
  desc.buffer = instructions.get();
  desc.buffer_size = instruction_size;
  desc.instr_size = instruction_size;
  desc.reloc_size = 0;
  desc.constant_pool_size = 0;
  desc.unwinding_info = nullptr;
  desc.unwinding_info_size = 0;
  desc.origin = nullptr;
  Handle<Code> code =
      Factory::CodeBuilder(isolate, desc, Code::WASM_FUNCTION).Build();

  CHECK(isolate->heap()->InSpace(*code, CODE_LO_SPACE));
#if VERIFY_HEAP
  code->ObjectVerify(isolate);
#endif
}

UNINITIALIZED_TEST(Factory_CodeBuilder_BuildOOM) {
  SetupIsolateWithSmallHeap isolate_scope;
  HandleScope scope(isolate_scope.isolate());
  std::unique_ptr<byte[]> instructions(new byte[kInstructionSize]);
  CodeDesc desc;
  desc.instr_size = kInstructionSize;
  desc.buffer = instructions.get();

  const Handle<Code> code =
      Factory::CodeBuilder(isolate_scope.isolate(), desc, Code::WASM_FUNCTION)
          .Build();

  CHECK(!code.is_null());
  CHECK(isolate_scope.oom_triggered());
}

UNINITIALIZED_TEST(Factory_CodeBuilder_TryBuildOOM) {
  SetupIsolateWithSmallHeap isolate_scope;
  HandleScope scope(isolate_scope.isolate());
  std::unique_ptr<byte[]> instructions(new byte[kInstructionSize]);
  CodeDesc desc;
  desc.instr_size = kInstructionSize;
  desc.buffer = instructions.get();

  const MaybeHandle<Code> code =
      Factory::CodeBuilder(isolate_scope.isolate(), desc, Code::WASM_FUNCTION)
          .TryBuild();

  CHECK(code.is_null());
  CHECK(!isolate_scope.oom_triggered());
}

}  // namespace test_factory
}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace v8


Pages

Wednesday, June 17, 2015

The ontological argument

I'm going to take a stab at the ontological argument. It's the most intriguing and perplexing of the traditional theistic proofs. Plantinga, Gödel, and E. J. Lowe formulated important versions of the ontological argument, which merit serious consideration in their own right. But these are pretty technical. In this post I'm going to focus on a more Anselmian approach.

This isn't strictly an exposition of Anselm's argument. I'm not sure what he had in mind. Scholars differ on how to interpret his argument.

i) Moreover, anyone writing a millennium later will have conceptual resources at his disposal which were unavailable to Anselm. My primary objective in this post is to consider what kind of argument it is.

In addition, I will attempt to explicate a key principle of the argument: the internal relationship between what is and what is greater than (i.e. between existence and greatness).

ii) It seems to me that the ontological argument takes the form of a dilemma. Even an atheist must begin with a concept of God. Unless he has a concept of God, he can't deny God's existence. (Anselm's target is explicit atheism.)

The idea of God is either greater than the thinker who thinks it or not. If greater, then it must have a corresponding reality above and beyond the thinker. If we can entertain the idea of a greatest conceivable being, then that must be more than an idea.

Anselm's definition of a greatest possible being includes a being who cannot fail to exist.

iii) Anselm's barebones formulation suffers from a superficial equivocation. When he speaks of existing in the mind or existing in reality, he doesn't mean God in himself exists in the human mind. Rather, it's a type/token relation. Our idea of God is a token of the extramental reality. A God who exists in the mind is shorthand for a conceptual token of God.

iv) In Contact, the action builds to the climactic encounter with a superior alien intelligence. However, that climactic scene is anticlimactic. Indeed, it's bound to be anticlimactic.

That's because the alien is just a fictional character. The alien is not a superior intellect. Rather, the alien is just Carl Sagan's idea of a superior intellect. So it was inevitable that the big scene would be a letdown.

The alien character can't be any greater than its creator. It can't be wiser than Sagan. If it's just a human idea, then it can't surpass the source.

That's a problem for SF aliens generally. Since the alien is just a figment of human imagination, it can't rise any higher than the source.

v) Compare that to our notion of the Mandelbrot set. Mathematicians have a partial understanding of the Mandelbrot set. However, the Mandelbrot set vastly exceeds human comprehension. We're dipping our toes into a fathomless fiord. It's far too complex for the human mind to grasp in detail. We can only sample it.

In that case, we have an idea of something greater than ourselves. Something we discover. Because the Mandelbrot surpasses human comprehension, it must in some respect exist apart from finite human minds.

That's a type/token relation. Our idea of the Mandelbrot set is an instance of that greater reality.

vi) In math we also have unproven theorems and conjectures. That means a mathematician can be smart enough to think of a problem that's he's not smart enough to solve.

In principle, a mathematician can devise a provable (or falsifiable) theorem or conjecture which no mathematician will ever be able to prove (or disprove). These conjectures and theorems are true or false independent of whether we can solve them.

But in that respect the concept is greater than the thinker who conceived it. It isn't reducible to human cognition. It has a reality that transcends our efforts to mentally probe it.

vii) We could also relate this to truthmaker theory. Take counterfactuals. Must there be some corresponding reality that makes counterfactual claims true? What's the truth-maker for the truth-bearer? There's a relationship between what's true and what exists. Truth is contingent on being–of some sort.

viii) It seems to me that to succeed, an Anselmian-style argument must demonstrate that the idea of God is suitably analogous to (v) or (vi). That our concept of God is that kind of idea. Once established, that will, in turn, implicate the existence of God.

ix) A potential way to escape the force of the argument is to retreat into conceptualism or nominalism. Of course, that's only as good as the case for conceptualism or nominalism.

9 comments:

Not to stray too far off topic, but since you mentioned math, I had a question. In a post you wrote a long time ago, you stated numbers are internally related. That makes sense: "1 is 3-2," "3-2 is 1," and so forth.

My question is if this implies that knowledge of one number implies implicit knowledge of all numbers. It may depend on what you meant by "internally related," and you may have developed your views since then.

i) If a person has some mathematical aptitude, it might be "implicit knowledge" in the sense by knowing some mathematical truths, he can reason to other mathematical truths. There's that potential. Latent in the knowledge of some numerical truths is the possibility of drawing inferences about other numerical truths.

Of course, some people have no capacity to extend their mathematical knowledge that way. They just know how to perform certain manipulations (equations, formulas, or simple counting) to produce certain useful results.

ii) However, I was talking about metaphysics rather than psychology. Implication is a static or timeless relation. The network of mathematical truths is a given totality. A complete (abstract structure). A system of internal relations (in the idealist sense).

And that inheres in the mind of God. At that divine level, ontology and psychology coincide. God is an infinite mind.

Thanks for the reply. To lay out my concern explicitly, it's that if mathematics is a system of internal relations, then we can't know, in an internalist, infallibilist sense, any mathematical truths. [If you reject that we can know such truths in either or both senses, I guess there is no problem here, but that doesn't work for me.] My working definition of internal relations comes from D. A. Rohatyn's paper on the subject:

“What is the doctrine of internal relations? It amounts to the following theses: (a) that every event, and every entity, in the world is somehow (causally or logically) tied to every other event, and every other object, in the universe, such that (b) to attain complete knowledge of any one thing or state of affairs, is to possess (automatically) knowledge of the whole, i.e. of all states of affairs and of all things.”

I'm a little uncertain what "complete knowledge" means, but Van Til and Clark both make it sound as if for idealists, what a thing is is determined by its context, i.e. everything, so that to know even one thing would be to know everything - metaphysics impacts epistemology. And in our case, we obviously don't know everything, from which Clark concludes internal relations is false and Van Til seems to conclude our knowledge must be analogical to God's rather than univocal.

We can restrict the context here to mathematics and numbers, the point is we'd still know an infinitude of truths. Maybe we could know them dispositionally rather than occurrently, in which case internalist, infallibilist knowledge of mathematical truths, a rigorous theory of mathematical internal relations, and exclusive divine omniscience can be simultaneously coherently maintained?

I'm still working things out. My interest originally stemmed from wondering extent to which internal relations and necessitarianism coincide, as I've been looking for a transcendental argument against necessitarianism.

The position you're sketching is very similar to Brand Blanshard's position in Reason and Analysis. Not coincidentally, Blanshard was a philosopher in the idealist tradition. Not coincidentally, Clark was a big fan of Blanshard.

I think internal relations apply to abstract objects like mathematical structures, but not to concrete objects. I distinguish between truths of reason and truths of fact. I don't think every fact entails every other fact. Many facts are contingent: they could be otherwise.

This is an old debate. Leibniz wrestled with the same issues. I think he was an idealist. He used logic/internal relations as his model of reality. That, however, entangled him in a necessitarian scheme from which he tried to extricate himself, without complete success.

I don't object to univocal predication in principle, although I don't think that's a requirement for knowledge.

Yes, I recently bought The Philosophy of Brand Blanshard and was immediately struck by similar phrasings Clark used throughout his books.

I think internal relations apply to abstract objects like mathematical structures, but not to concrete objects.

Understood, I'm just trying to understand whether it is in principle possible to [occurrently] know, in an internalist and infallibilist sense, some mathematical truths without having to [occurrently] know every mathematical truth, an infinitude of truths.

I don't think every fact entails every other fact. Many facts are contingent: they could be otherwise.

I agree. Much of Clark's metaphysical views are wrong, and I believe this is one of them.

"I'm a little uncertain what 'complete knowledge' means, but Van Til and Clark both make it sound as if for idealists, what a thing is is determined by its context, i.e. everything, so that to know even one thing would be to know everything - metaphysics impacts epistemology."

i) Yes, Van Til's theory of knowledge sounds as if it's influenced by an idealist coherence theory of truth. It then adapts that model to facts: every fact is "defined" by God, whose decree assigns meaning to every fact. Every fact serves a purpose in relation to other facts.

That's similar to internal relations, but it's conditional necessity rather than absolute necessity. The teleology of the decree. However, facts could serve a different purpose had God decreed otherwise.

ii) Is there a principled distinction between complete ignorance, complete knowledge, and partial knowledge? Is partial knowledge a distinct, stable category?

Take an illustration: Suppose I know nothing about Mark Twain until I read an encyclopedia article about him. I now know something about him that I didn't know before reading the article. That makes a difference regarding my prior state of knowledge in relation to my subsequent state of knowledge. Something that makes a difference is a genuine distinction.

But, of course, there's still a lot that I don't know about Twain.

iii) Context can certainly improve our understanding. If I read Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn, and if I then read his boyhood reminisces in Twain's autobiography, that supplementary info about the author may improve my understanding of his semiautobiographical novels.

iv) However, just knowing more doesn't necessarily illuminate one's understanding of a particular issue. For instance, Hannibal was a port town on the Mississippi. Having some background info can aid one's reading of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer. Likewise, knowing about antebellum slavery can aid one's understanding of Huck Finn.

Now, at a metaphysical level, in terms of natural causes and historical causation, past, present, and future range along an interlocking continuum.

However, knowing about Hannibal in 2015 doesn't necessarily improve my understanding of Mark Twain's novels, because Hannibal in 2015 isn't Mark Twain's Hannibal. That's not the Hannibal of Twain's boyhood. Antebellum Hannibal was a very different place than 2015 Hannibal. Likewise, the condition of the Mississippi river in 2015 isn't directly germ to understanding Huck Finn.

It's the wrong context. In fact, using the future to interpret the past is misleading. That's because many things that are true of 2015 Hannibal are false of 1850 Hannibal. The more you know about the modern town of Hannibal, the more that may interfere with your understanding of Twain's novels. Even though past and future are linked by a chain of cause and effect, to understand more about Twain's novels, we need to know more about the past, not the future. More about the period when Twain was a boy.

Cont. v) In math, you have a network of logically implicated truths. So, in principle, you could start anywhere, and reason your way to the whole. To the extent that mathematical relations are mutually inclusive, you can infer everything from something.

Now I'm not sure if that's true between different branches of math. I don't know if geometry entails number theory, or vice versa.

vi) However, contingent truths are different from necessary truths. For instance, historians think we can better understand the present by better understanding the past. Knowing the past explains the present. Because the present is the result of past actions, past choices, if you want to understand why and how we got to this point, just retrace the chain of events. So goes the argument.

Yet if that's true, it ought to be reversible. We should be able to predict the future–which lies along a common trajectory:

Past>present>future.

But, of course, our ability to extrapolate from the present to the future is limited and unreliable. Projections become less certain the farther out we go.

That's in part because the very effort to anticipate the future can influence our future actions. It becomes a moving target. We change the object of knowledge in the very process of contemplating the outcome.

In addition, every present cause has branching effects. Branches of branches of branches the farther out we go. It's too complicated for humans to track.

Finally, even if human decisions are predetermined, that doesn't necessarily mean they are predetermined by historical factors. Although human decisions are predestined, that doesn't necessarily mean they are the product of intramundane causation. Although the agent's character is a factor, although his situation is a factor, the ultimate reason for his choices is the purpose that serves in God's master plan for the world. In principle, a human agent's choice could be independent of his environment or even his character traits. It just can't be independent of the decree.

History is like a well-written novel. Motivated actions. Ends and means. But there are different possible pathways to the same destination. So we don't know in advance which one God has foreordained. That's something we find out by living through time.

i) Appearances to the contrary, Pi is not a random number. It has a subtle pattern, even if that eludes human detection.

Pi has no give. The decimal expansion of Pi must be in that exact sequence every step of the way. Not a single digit can be different. Not a single transposition.

So we might say the internal structure of Pi is very tight.

ii) Let's compare that to a contingent state of affairs. If the Titanic didn't hit the iceberg, that would change the future in many ways. But what change or changes in the past would be necessary for the Titanic to avoid colliding with the iceberg?

There are different ways that could be accomplished. One way is if the captain changed his mind, if he changed course an hour before.

And what would be necessary to prompt the captain to change his mind? Well, it could be something as simple as God causing the captain to change his mind.

His change of mind needn't be the result of a preceding chain of events. It could be a discrete mental event that's discontinuous with the past. It needn't be linked to a causal continuum extending back in time.

On that scenario, it would only take a single change in past to change many things in the future.

In that respect, a contingent state of affairs isn't tight in the sense that Pi is tight.


Julie provides 10 tips that will help you to grow tomatoes in containers. Container gardening allows you to grow this veggie on patios, balconies, rooftops, and in gardens with poor soil. As Julie says: “Growing tomatoes in pots levels the home garden playing field, bringing a crop of homegrown ‘maters within reach for almost anyone, regardless […]

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Hair fall is a common issue for a lot of people. This could be caused due to several reasons: unhealthy scalp, lack of necessary nutrients, pollution, heat etc. Knowing the exact cause of hair fall can help in finding the most apt remedy to get nourished, healthy and strong hair.


Afghan opium output halved: UN

KABUL (PAN): Opium production in Afghanistan, the world's largest producer of the illicit drug, has dropped by almost 50 percent this year due to an unspecified plant infection in major poppy-growing provinces, the United Nations said on Thursday.

However, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) chief, launching the 2010 Afghan Opium Survey, warned the production level was unlikely to remain low, as soaring prices enticed impoverished farmers to grow more poppies.

UNODC Executive Director Yury Fedotov told reporters in Kabul through a video conference from Vienna: "This is good news but there is no room for false optimism. The market may again become lucrative for poppy crop growers."

Opium production this year is estimated at 3,600 metric tonnes, showing a 48 percent drop from 6,900 tonnes in 2009 -- the lowest in seven years, according to the report, which linked the fall to a plant disease that hit the illegal crop in Helmand and Kandahar provinces.

Helmand alone produced about 60 percent of Afghanistan's total output of the drug, the survey said, adding the total area under poppy cultivation stayed unchanged at 123,000 hectares. The former Russian diplomat underlined the need for a comprehensive strategy to ward off the threat.

In Kandahar, cultivation went up by 30 percent and in Farah by 17 percent, the survey revealed. The price farmers were paid by traffickers shot up from $48 per kilogram to $128 per kilogram.

The link between insecurity and opium cultivation was highlighted by the fact that most of poppy cultivation took place in nine provinces in the southern and western Afghanistan, where 20 provinces have been declared poppy-free.

"Ninety eight percent of the total cultivation took place in nine provinces in the southern and western regions, including the most insecure provinces in the country," the report said.

"It is worrying that the current high sale price of opium in combination with a lower wheat price may encourage farmers to go back to opium cultivation," the report added.

Unlike in 2009 when wheat prices rose and poppy rates declined, 2010 saw farm-gate opium prices sky-rocketing from $64 to $169 per kilogramme. Despite the massive yield cut, opium production accounted for five percent of gross domestic product this year, compared to four percent in 2009.

The UNODC pointed out per hectare income for poppy growers had gone up by 36 percent to $4,900 from $3,600 last year. On the other hand, the gross income per hectare of wheat slumped from $1,200 in 2009 to $770.

According to the annual report, the number of households involved in opium cultivation grew by one percent to 248,700 -- six percent of the country's estimated population.


Reproductive Disorders of Marsupials.
Marsupial reproduction differs significantly in anatomy and physiology from that of placental mammals. The gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts empty into a cloaca. Reproductive parameters include gestation and pouch time, as the fetus develops outside of the uterus. Captive marsupials discussed include sugar gliders), short-tailed opossums, Virginia opossums, and Tammar and Bennett's wallabies. Common disease conditions include joey eviction, pouch infections, mastitis, metritis, prostatitis, penile necrosis, and neoplasia. Common surgeries include penile amputation, castration, and ovario-vaginal-hysterectomy or ovario-hysterectomy. Therapeutics used for these conditions are presented.


Pierre Mounal

Pierre Mounal (born 4 April 1993) is a French rugby union footballer from Vichy. His position is Fullback and he currently plays for Glasgow Hawks in the BT PREMIERSHIP. He is also a student and graduated in Physical Education at the University Blaise Pascal of Clermont Ferrand in 2015. He is completing his studies at the University of the West of Scotland, in Sport Coaching, and in Sport & Exercise Science.

Youth teams

 Racing Club Vichy Rugby 2003-2010
 Montluçon rugby 2010-2012
 Montpellier HRC 2012-2014
 Stade aurillacois  2014-2015

References
 http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/stirling-county-vs-glasgow-hawks/72933
 http://www.rugbyroundup.co.uk/stats/england/greene-king-championship/teams2/player/0/40499
 http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/gala-vs-glasgow-hawks/72978
 http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/glasgow-hawks-vs-stirling-county/72983
 http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/local-sport/glasgow-hawks-pour-misery-stirling-6499111
 http://westendreport.com/heroic-hawks-bag-the-points/

External links
 http://rugby-auvergne.forumactif.com/t461-numero-54-pierre-mounal#10718
 http://www.glasgowhawks.com/teams/118813/player/pierre-mounal-1510800
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQvYkEFNmFQ

Category:People from Vichy
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:French rugby union players
Category:Rugby union fullbacks
Category:Sportspeople from Allier


In recent months we have all experienced the many challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic. It was only at the end of 2019 that this novel coronavirus emerged, and for most of us the potential implications didn't hit home until February this year or even later.[^1^](#jppr1670-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"} Since this time, we have had to make many decisions, both professionally and personally. We have had to balance the many risks associated with COVID‐19 against the benefits of activities and services that could increase exposure and the consequences of infection. This has been challenging, especially as the evidence to guide such decision‐making has been rapidly evolving. The haste to provide evidence to support practice has created additional challenges, with the rigor of analysis sometimes being compromised -- the case of hydroxychloroquine is a very recent example.[^2^](#jppr1670-bib-0002){ref-type="ref"} Ultimately, the pandemic has required us to be more open in our thinking. We have needed to harness the creativity that exists to identify the many problems ahead, and the solutions to these problems.

Globally there has been, and continues to be, massive demands on health system capacity, resulting in rationing of resources as demand has outstripped supply.[^3^](#jppr1670-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"} There have been significant efforts to increase capacity, with immediate recognition of the lack of ventilators and personal protective equipment (PPE).

Medication shortages were becoming apparent in countries with large numbers of COVID‐19 patients. These shortages were a result of both 'required demand', that is for specific use to provide care, and for 'perceived demand', such as community stockpiling. In Australia, the early attention was on shortages within the ambulatory sector associated with potential stockpiling by concerned individuals, a phenomenon experienced elsewhere.[^4^](#jppr1670-bib-0004){ref-type="ref"}

However, the major risk was the potential for shortages of critical medications for ventilated patients. This was soon recognised by clinicians, especially those within critical care and pharmacy, and within the pharmaceutical supply chain. Concerns regarding shortages of intravenous opioid analgesics, sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMB) were raised from February onwards and reflected experiences in countries with significant cases of COVID‐19.[^5^](#jppr1670-bib-0005){ref-type="ref"} The challenges faced locally and nationally in addressing the potential shortages of these critical medicines were significant. The clinical course of the disease was largely unknown and the evidence to guide practice was scant. Modelling was performed that projected potential requirements for intensive care admissions and capacity.[^6^](#jppr1670-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}, [^7^](#jppr1670-bib-0007){ref-type="ref"} Health services everywhere were tasked with preparing for a massive influx of patients requiring ventilation. This required a parallel increase in the availability of these essential medications. Clinician preferences for NMB and sedation wasn't known. The dosages and duration required were unknown. The potential availability of these medications from the pharmaceutical supply chain was also unknown.

What we did know was that we needed to act and act quickly. As always in a time of crisis, the existing foundations either provide strength to build upon, or weaknesses that soon become evident. During the last few months the collaborations that already existed within and beyond our health services, within and beyond our healthcare professions, and within and beyond our borders have been a foundation enabling so much to be achieved in a short time. There are numerous examples from this effort that we could all share, and I will illustrate this with just a few.

Intensivists, anaesthetists and ICU pharmacists worked together to identify the national preferences for medications for ventilated patients. A national survey of clinicans was developed, undertaken and completed within only two weeks. The results were instrumental in informing strategies and priorities to address medication availability for these patients.

Multiple professional organisations -- including the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA), the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS), and the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) -- worked to provide input and evidence to inform decisions regarding availability of these medications. Consensus guidelines for the clinical care of patients were developed through the National COVID‐19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce that also built upon existing expertise and collaborations.[^8^](#jppr1670-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}

The availability of these critical medications was tracked through weekly hospital pharmacy snapshot surveys conducted by SHPA. The Commonwealth Department of Health, through the Medicine Shortages Taskforce of the Therapeutic Goods Administration, facilitated engagement with the key supply chain stakeholders, including Medicines Australia, the National Pharmaceutical Services Association (NPSA) and the Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association (GBMA) amongst others. Data on medication availability was made available by the pharmaceutical companies. Data on usage in private hospitals was made available from private hospital providers. All our States and Territories were instrumental in providing medication usage data on all ventilated COVID‐19 patients. This facilitated the development of a national demand model for these critical medications -- pivotal to informing efforts to facilitate access to these medicines.

This work is only one example of many in which the existing collaborations, expertise and dedication -- of and between both individuals and institutions across this country -- has made an impact on the response to the pandemic.

There are no doubt many things we could be doing better. There are more lessons still to be learnt, as there always is.[^9^](#jppr1670-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}, [^10^](#jppr1670-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"} As we continue to work together through this pandemic, we will continue to benefit from the collaborations that we all have -- and which we have strengthened -- during this time.

Conflicts of interest statement {#jppr1670-sec-0002}
===============================

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.


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Tag: Jason Fortier

Today we bitch about staying home. On this day in 1917 they just hoped that they would survive the day let alone hope to ever see home again. We will remember them always. #VimyRidgepic.twitter.com/YbsjgXQE0X

Jack Redlick, the Alberta Midget Hockey League’s coach of the year for 2018-19, has returned to the St. Albert Raiders as their head coach.

Redlick, a former WHLer (Kamloops, Vancouver, Regina, 2000-03), sat out the 2019-20 season after being seriously injured in an accident on June 29. Redlick, 36, was riding his motorcycle near Idaho Falls, Idaho, when another motorcycle driver crossed the centre line and struck him head-on.

In March, Redlick posted this on Facebook:

Jack Redlick is fit and ready to get back into the coaching game. (Photo: Jack Redlick/Facebook)

“On my birthday eight months ago I got a birthday gift that forever changed my life. When a man crossed the centre line and hit me head on. After almost three months in the hospital, eight surgeries, an amputation and 55 pounds later, today I took my first running steps. I’ve figured out how to skate again and although neither running nor skating is pretty. I’m back, and it will only get better.

“I’ve had so many people say they are sorry this happened to me. My response is always the same: ‘Don’t be, you should be happy for me, I shouldn’t be here.’

“As coaches we always teach our players that in both hockey and life there are only two things you can truly control — your work ethic and your attitude. Might as well make what you can control positive in nature. Things happen for a reason. No sense bitching about it. Just OORAH up, and accept the challenge no matter the obstacles. Don’t waste your time with the negativity. Focus on the process and not the result. Live in those 10-second evolutions. Lol.

“All those hockey cliches that I preached to my players over the years, I’ve had to live by for the last eight months. Sport truly does reflect life.”

With all that Redlick has been through since the end of March, it’s great to see him back and eager to get started. So here’s hoping that the next hockey season gets started on time.

In a touching moment for hockey fans everywhere, when Gordie Howe turned 50 years old the Whalers gave him a cake with some Jamaican dude on it. pic.twitter.com/he1cuHJ8AM

Here is some more good news; well, it is if you’re a fan of the Saskatchewan Roughriders or even just looking for something to do on a nightly basis. . . . Rob Vanstone of the Regina Leader-Post holds a Riders Trivia gathering every night at 9 o’clock CT. . . . You will find him on Twitter at @robvanstone and that will get you started.

Northland Properties, which is huge in the hospitality industry, has laid off thousands of workers, according to Bob Mackin of thebreaker.news. . . . Tom Gaglardi, who owns the NHL’s Dallas Stars and is the majority owner of the WHL’s Kamloops Blazers, is Northland’s president. His father, Bob, is the organization’s founder. . . . The company, which is based in Vancouver, had about 12,000 employees before all of this hit. Taj Kassam, the senior vice-president of corporate affairs, wouldn’t tell Mackin how many had been laid off. . . . Mackin’s story is right here.

The 1969 Cubs has led the NL Eastern division all season long. But in late September the Mets surged and when the Cubs came to Shea Stadium, the Cubs we’re reeling. The black cat crossing the Cubs path spelled doom for them as the Mets shot past them and won the division by 8 gms pic.twitter.com/TfuEgT1g8a

The government of the province of Quebec wants sporting events cancelled through Aug. 31. The ban also will apply to cultural events and festivals. . . . However, the Montreal Impact of the MLS has said that it was told none of this will apply to professional sports teams. . . .

The Rogers Cup women’s tennis tournament, which had been scheduled for Montreal from Aug. 7-16, has been postponed to Aug. 6-15, 2021. . . . Chances are that the men’s tournament, set for Toronto at the same time, also will be postponed. . . .

The XFL appears to have left us, without being able to complete its first season. The spring football league suspended its inaugural season on March 12. It now has laid off all employees and is refunding money to those who purchased 2021 season tickets. . . . Kevin Seifert and Field Yates of ESPN reported that the XFL “currently has no plans to return in 2021.” . . . Headline at fark.com: EXFL. . . .

Earlier this week, the 13-team National Lacrosse League cancelled the remainder of its regular season. It had suspended play on March 12. In a statement, the league said “officials are looking at any number of scenarios to return to play when all stakeholders and health officials deem that possible. There is no timeline on when decisions will be made.” . . . The NLL includes franchises in Calgary, Halifax, Saskatchewan, Toronto and Vancouver. . . .

With Japan now struggling to contain COVID-19, Toshiro Muto, the CEO of the organizing committee for the Tokyo Olympic Summer Games, has cast some doubt on whether they will be held in 2021. “I don’t think anyone would be able to say if it is going to be possible to get it under control by next July or not,” he said on Friday. “We certainly are not in a position to give you a clear answer.” . . . The Games were to have been held in July. They have been postponed to July 23, 2021, with the Paralympics to start on Aug. 24. . . .

Los Angeles County has extended what it calls its “safer-at-home” order through May 15. It was first set in place at midnight on March 20. . . .

The 2020 Cloverdale, B.C., Rodeo and Country Fair has been cancelled. It had been scheduled to run from May 15-18. . . . The Falkland, B.C., Stampede that is a May long weekend tradition has been postponed until Aug. 28-30. The Stampede was first held in 1919.

The Thought for the Day from Jack Finarelli, aka The Sports Curmudgeon, this one from Will Rogers: “There are men running governments who shouldn’t be allowed to play with matches.”

Stephanie Apstein of Sports Illustrated has taken a look at some of the ideas that have been floated regarding the potential return of pro sports to our entertainment landscape. . . . Word of warning: There isn’t any false hope in her story. All you will find here is reality. . . . Like this from Zach Binney, who has a PhD in epidemiology and teaches at Emory U in Atlanta:

“If people just decide to let it burn in most areas and we do lose a couple million people it’d probably be over by the fall. You’d have football. You’d also have two million dead people. And let’s talk about that number. We’re really bad at dealing with big numbers. That is a Super Bowl blown up by terrorists, killing every single person in the building, 24 times in six months. It’s 9/11 every day for 18 months. What freedoms have we given up, what wars have we fought, what blood have we shed, what money have we spent in the interest of stopping one more 9/11? This is 9/11 every day for 18 months.”

Think about that for a bit as we await decisions by the NHL, NBA, MLB, NFL and so many others.

Jason Fortier is the new head coach of the Odessa Jackalopes of the junior North American Hockey League. They play out of Odessa, Texas. . . . Fortier signed on as general manager of hockey operations and head coach. . . . Fortier is the BCHL’s reigning coach of the year after guiding the Coquitlam Express to the league’s best regular-season record. . . . Fortier left the Express late in March. Long-time BCHL observer Brian Wiebe reported at the time that Fortier wasn’t able to reach agreement on a contract with Express owner Fayaz Manji.

Tom Webster, a former NHL coach who played in the NHL and WHA, died on Friday morning. He was 71. . . . Webster was a brother to Barry Webster, a long-time member of the Moose Jaw Warriors’ board of directors. . . . Helene Elliott of the Los Angeles Times has more on Tom Webster right here.

Condolences to old friend Daryl Lubiniecki on the death of Lolamae, his wife of 53 years. She left us on Thursday after battling cancer. . . . There is a complete obituary right here. . . . Daryl served the Saskatoon Blades as general manager, head coach and advisor and also worked with the Prince George Cougars over a long career in the WHL. He also supplied us with more laughs than should have been legally allowed.

This IG post by Colby Cave's wife legitimately just made me cry big ugly tears. What a sudden and random tragedy for the hockey community. Absurd how he was scoring goals and playing in the NHL just a fews months ago. Makes no sense and is just so goddamn sad pic.twitter.com/QWchD3syeb

Here is why we love Jack Finarelli, aka The Sports Curmudgeon. His Monday posting contained a considerable amount of writing about the chances of the pro leagues and/or college football resuming/starting their seasons. As he pointed out, it’s awfully hard to practise physical distancing in a sporting facility that contains 106,572 fans.

He finished with this:

“Baseball has had some experience dealing with crowds where social distancing can be maintained:

“Spread out the attendees at a typical Miami Marlins home game and social distancing is not a challenge.

“Look at the fans sitting behind home plate in Yankee Stadium. The cost of those seats has effected social distancing by economic measures and not medical ones.”

BTW, here’s Jack’s Thought of the Day, this one from Will Rogers: “Our public men are speaking every day on something, but they ain’t saying anything.”

The Edmonton Oilers and Calgary Flames announced cutbacks on Monday. . . . Edmonton has reduced its staff by 139 employees with all others taking a “compensation rollback,” which is fancy-speak for a pay cut. . . . As well, senior hockey and business executives are taking a 50-100 per cent cut. . . . The Flames cut their workforce by 150 employees, or 50 per cent, hitting them with a 60-day temporary layoff. The rest of the staff will see 10-25 per cent cuts in pay. . . .

——

The CFL has postponed the start of training camps that were to begin in May. In some instances, rookie camps were to start on May 11 and main camps on May 17. . . . The B.C. Lions were to train in Kamloops from May 13 through June 3. . . . The CFL’s regular season is scheduled to begin on June 11, but that obviously is in doubt. . . . There already is speculation out there about whether the CFL will be able to get in a 12- or even an eight-game regular-season schedule. . . .

Farhan Lalji of TSN tweeted that sources have told him everyone in the Calgary Stampeders “organization, including all football ops/coaches, have been told by ownership that they will be taking pay cuts. Range is 10-25 per cent and will be re-evaluated in three months.” . . . That would take them to July 1. . . .

Sky Sports reported that German Tennis Federation vice-president Dirk Hordoff told it that Wimbledon organizers will announce the cancellation of the tournament this week. The tournament’s scheduled dates are July 29 through July 12. . . . While the French Open has been postponed from May until late September, Wimbledon would be cancelled because it has just two covered courts and it isn’t possible to play on the grass courts that late in the season. . . . Mark Masters of TSN has more on the Wimbledon situation right here with an interesting interview with Grant Cantin of Stony Plain, Alta., who was on the grounds crew for 17 years. . . .

Organizers of the Tokyo Olympics have rescheduled the Summer Games and now they are to open on July 23, 2021, and run through Aug. 8. They had been scheduled to open on July 24, 2020, and go through Aug. 9. . . . The Paralympics now are scheduled to run from Aug. 24 through Sept. 5, 2021. . . .

In golf, the Irish Open, set for May 28-31, has been postponed, meaning the next scheduled European Tour men’s event is the Trophee Hassan II in Morocco, June 4-7. . . .

The seven-team Western Women’s Canadian Football League has cancelled its 2020 season, which would have been No. 10. The league’s teams: Calgary Rage, Edmonton Storm, Lethbridge Steel, Manitoba Fearless, Regina Riot, Saskatoon Valkyries and the Winnipeg Wolfpack. . . .

The 2020 Saskatchewan Marathon has been cancelled. It was to have been held in Saskatoon on May 31. . . .

——

The International Boxing Hall of Fame has cancelled its 2020 Hall of Fame weekend. . . . What should have been this year’s inductees will be part of the celebrations in 2021. . . . The Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Canastota, N.Y. The big weekend had been scheduled for June 11-14. . . . From wktv.com: “This class makes history, featuring the first enshrined females in the Hall of Fame’s 31 years of existence. The women’s Trailblazer category gains Barbara Buttrick, while the Modern category adds ‘The Coal Miner’s Daughter’ Christy Martin, and ‘The Dutch Destroyer’ Lucia Rijker. Other inducted boxers include lightweight champion Frank Erne in the Old Timer category, and Paddy Ryan to the Pioneer category.”

While there have been lots of postponements and cancellations, the NFL is going ahead with its annual draft. . . . That has irked Ann Killion of the San Francisco Chronicle, who points out that a lot of people have learned a lot over the last while, “everyone except, apparently, Roger Goodell.”

Killion continued:

“Commissioner Tone Deaf now has turned into Dictator Obtuse. In announcing that the NFL draft would take place as planned April 23-25, Goodell also sent a memo warning teams not to criticize his decision.

“The memo, as reported by ESPN’s Adam Schefter, said in part ‘public discussion of issues relating to the Draft serves no useful purpose and is grounds for disciplinary action.’

“We know how hard the hammer can fall in the NFL. Just ask old friend Colin Kaepernick.

“There’s no place for personal opinion or free speech in the No Freedoms League.”

The Tri-City Americans announced the departure of associate coach Brian Pellerin in a terse two-sentence news release on Monday afternoon. . . . Pellerin, the pride of Hinton, Alta., which is just west of Old Drinnan Town, spent six seasons with the Americans, one as assistant coach and the last five as associate. . . . The 50-year-old Pellerin played four seasons (1987-91) with the Prince Albert Raiders. . . . He also worked four seasons (2004-08) as an assistant coach with the Portland Winterhawks.

The Philadelphia Hockey Club has signed Rylan Ferster as one of its head coaches for 2020-21. Ferster will be involved with the Tier-2 team in the National Collegiate Development Conference. . . . Ferster is a veteran of the junior A ranks, especially in the BCHL where he recently spent seven seasons with the Westside/West Kelowna Warriors, guiding them to a national championship in 2015-16. . . . In December, the PHC hired Troy Mick, another former BCHL coach, as the general manager of the Tier-2 program and the head coach of the U-16 teams. . . .

The BCHL’s reigning coach of the year no longer is with the BCHL’s Coquitlam Express. . . . Jason Fortier had signed a three-year contract in November 2017 when he replaced Barry Wolff. . . . Veteran BCHL observer Brian Wiebe (@Brian_Wiebe) first tweeted the news on Monday, adding later in the day that “Express assistant coaches Jamie Jackson and Sam Waterfield are no longer with the team either. Jackson was brought on board in November 2017, while Waterfield was with Coquitlam since June 2019.”

Sad to hear of the passing of the ‘Toy Cannon’, Jimmy Wynn, on March 26th. Wynn wasn’t a big man, but hit some prodigious homeruns in his career. He played 11 seasons in Houston, then went to LA for the 1974 season and helped lead them to a NL championship having an amazing year pic.twitter.com/SDIdwPnv6o


List of lakes of the United States

This is a list of lakes (including reservoirs) in the United States, grouped by state.

By state

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

 Ashford Lake
 Aspetuck Reservoir
 Bantam Lake (largest natural lake in Connecticut)
 Barkhamsted Reservoir
 Lake Beseck
 Breakneck Pond
 Candlewood Lake (largest lake in Connecticut)
 Lake Chaffee
 Converse Lake
 Deer Lake
 Lake Forest
 Lake Gaillard
 Gardner Lake
 Great Hollow Lake
 Lake Hayward
 Higganum Reservoir
 Highland Lake
 Hop Brook Lake
 Killingly Pond
 Lake Lillinonah
 Mansfield Hollow Lake
 Mashapaug Lake
 Pinewood Lake
 Lake Pocotopaug
 Quaddick Reservoir
 Lake Quassapaug
 Round Pond
 Lake Saltonstall
 Saugatuck Reservoir
 Shenipsit Lake
 Squantz Pond
 Lake Success
 Tuxis Pond
 Twin Lakes
 Lake Waramaug
 West Hartford Reservoir
 West Thompson Lake
 Wetherell Pond
 Lake Whitney
 Lake Zoar

Delaware

Hoopes Reservoir
Lums Pond (largest lake in Delaware)
Moores Lake

Florida

 Lake Alice
 Lake Apopka
 Lake Crescent
 Lake George
 Lake Harney
 Lake Harris
 Lake Istokpoga
 Lake Kissimmee
 Lake Lelia
 Lake Okeechobee (largest lake in Florida)
 Lake Poinsett
 Red Lake
 Lake Rousseau
 Sawgrass Lake
 Lake Seminole (extends into Georgia)
 Lake Tarpon
 Lake Tohopekaliga
 Lake Washington
 Lake Winder

Georgia

 Lake Allatoona
 Lake Arrowhead
 Lake Blackshear
 Lake Blue Ridge
 Lake Burton
 Carters Lake
 Chatuge Lake (extends into North Carolina)
 Goat Rock Lake
 Lake Harding (extends into Alabama)
 Lake Hartwell (extends into South Carolina)
 Hard Labor Creek Regional Reservoir
 Lake Jackson
 Lake Jodeco
 Lake Lanier
 Lake Nottely
 Lake Oconee
 Lake Oliver
Lake Peachtree
 Lake Rabun
 Lake Seminole (extends into Florida)
 Lake Sinclair
 Lake Spivey
 Lake Strom Thurmond (extends into South Carolina. Largest lake in Georgia)
 Tallulah Falls Lake
 Lake Tugalo (extends into South Carolina)
 Walter F. George Lake (extends into Alabama)
 West Point Lake (extends into Alabama)

Hawaii
 Āliapa'akai (Salt Lake), in the Honolulu neighborhood of Salt Lake, Hawaii
 Alieiki Lake
 Green Lake (Hawaii) (formerly Wai a Pele) (destroyed on 2 June 2018 by an eruption)
 Hālaliʻi Lake (largest lake in Hawaii)
 Halulu Lake (largest natural lake in Hawaii)
 Ka Loko Reservoir
 Keālia Pond
 Loʻe Lake
 Loko Paakai
 Meyer Lake
 Nonopapa Lake
 Violet Lake (also known as Kiʻowaiokihawahine)
 Lake Waiau
 Lake Wilson (Oahu)

Idaho

 Bear Lake (extends into Utah)
 Lake Cascade
 Lake Coeur d'Alene
 Grays Lake
 Henrys Lake
 Lake Lowell (a part of the Deer Flat Upper Embankment  reservoir)
 Lake Pend Oreille (largest lake in Idaho)
 Payette Lake
 Priest Lake
 Redfish Lake
 Stanley Lake

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

 Big Creek Lake
 Black Hawk Lake
 Carter Lake
 Clear Creek
 Clear Lake
 Coralville Lake
 East Okoboji Lake
 Elm Lake
 Five Island Lake
 Goose Lake
 Green Valley Lake
 Hartwick Lake
 High Lake
 Lake Icaria
 Iowa Lake
 Lost Island Lake
 Lake Manawa
 Lake Morris
 North Twin Lake
 Lake Odessa
 Okamanpeedan Lake
 Rathbun Lake
 Lake Red Rock (largest lake in Iowa)
 Rock Creek Lake
 Rush Lake
 Saylorville Lake
 Silver Lake
 Spirit Lake
 Storm Lake
 Swan Lake
 Lake Syracuse
 Virgin Lake
 Lake Wapello
 Lake Wawasee
 West Okoboji Lake

Kansas

 Clinton Lake
 Fall River Lake
 Lake Inman (largest natural lake in Kansas)
 Marion County Lake
 Marion Reservoir
 Milford Lake (largest lake in Kansas)
 Perry Lake
 Pomona Lake
 Tuttle Creek Lake
 Waconda Lake
 Wilson Lake

Kentucky

Louisiana
 Anacoco Lake
 Bay Long in
 Bayou D'Arbonne Lake
 Lake Bistineau
 Black Lake (Louisiana) also known as Black-Clear Lake in Natchitoches Parish
 Black Bayou Reservoir located in Bossier Parish
 Bundick Lake near Dry Creek
 Caddo Lake (extends into Texas)
 Caillou Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 Calcasieu Lake
 Caney Creek Lake in Jackson Parish
 Carencro Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 Catahoula Lake
 Lake Cataouatche
 Lake Chicot in Evangeline Parish
 Lake Claiborne
 Clear Lake in Desoto Parish
 Cocodrie Lake
 Cotile Lake
 Cross Lake in Caddo Parish
 Cypress Lake
 Lake De Cade in Terrebonne Parish
 Dog Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 Eagle Lake
 False River: An (oxbow lake) in Pointe Coupee Parish
 Lake Fausse Pointe
 Lake Fields in Terrebonne Parish
 Flat Lake
 Grand Lake
 Grassy Lake (Louisiana)
 Indian Creek Reservoir
 Jug Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 John K. Kelly-Grand Bayou Reservoir in Red River Parish
 Kincaid Reservoir
 King Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 Lac des Allemands
 Lake Latt
 Lost Lake
 Lake Maurepas
 Lake Mechant in Terrebonne Parish
 Mountain Bayou Lake
 Mud Lake
 Nantachie Lake
 Negro Lake
 Raccourci Old River (oxbow lake)
 Lake Pagie in Terrebonne Parish
 Lake Palourde
 Pelican Lake in Terrebonne Parish
 Lake Peigneur
 Lake Pontchartrain (largest water body within Louisiana, not a lake but a tidal estuary)
 Poverty Point Reservoir
 Lake Rodemacher in Rapides Parish
 Sabine Lake (extends into Texas)
 Saline Lake (with Chee Chee Bay in Winn Parish)
 Lake Salvador
 Six Mile Lake
 Spanish Lake in St. Martin and Iberia Parishes
 Toledo Bend Reservoir
 Vernon lake
 Lake Verret
 White Lake

Maine

Maryland
All lakes in the state today were constructed, mostly through dam construction.
 Conowingo Reservoir
 Deep Creek Lake (largest lake in Maryland)
 Lake Habeeb (Rocky Gap Lake)
 Liberty Reservoir
 Loch Raven Reservoir
 Prettyboy Reservoir
 Youghiogheny River Lake (extends into Pennsylvania)

Massachusetts

 Lake Ashmere
 Lake Attitash
 Lake Boon
 Brooks Pond
 Lake Buel
 Lake Chaubunagungamaug
 Lake Cochichewick
 Lake Cochituate
 Lake Garfield
 Great Herring Pond
 Houghton's Pond
 Lewis Lake
 Mashpee Pond
 Lake Massapoag
 Lake Monomonac
 Lake Onota
 Pontoosuc Lake
 Prankers Pond
 Quabbin Reservoir (largest lake in Massachusetts)
 Lake Quannapowitt
 Lake Quinsigamond
 Lake Rico
 Lake Sabbatia
 Lake Saltonstall
 Spring Pond
 Tuxbury Pond
 Wakeby Pond
 Walden Pond
 Watson Pond
 Watuppa Ponds
 Wenham Lake
 Winnecunnet Pond
 Lake Wyola
  Greenwater pond

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

 Arkabutla Lake
 Enid Lake
 Lake Ferguson
 Gainesville Lake
 Grenada Lake (largest lake in Mississippi)
 Marting Lake
 Moon Lake
 Ross Barnett Reservoir
 Sardis Lake
 Lake Tom Bailey
 Lake Washington

Missouri

 Amarugia Lake
 Atkinson Lake
 Bean Lake
 Big Lake
 Bilby Ranch Lake
 Binder Lake
 Blind Pony Lake
 Blue Springs Lake
 Bull Shoals Lake (extends into Arkansas)
 Bushwacker Lake
 Cameron City Lakes
 Che-Ru Lake
 Clearwater Lake
 Cooley Lake
 Cottontail Lake
 Fellows Lake
 Flight Lake
 Forest Lake
 Lake Girardeau
 Halls Lake)
 Henry Sever Lake
 Hunnewell Lake
 Indian Creek Lake
 Kendzora Lake
 Little Compton Lake
 Little Dixie Lake
 Little Prairie Community Lake
 Longview Lake
 Lower Taum Sauk Lake
 Manito Lake
 Maple Leaf Lake
 Mark Twain Lake
 McDaniel Lake
 Miller Community Lake
 Montrose Lake
 Nodaway County Lake
 Norfork Lake (extends into Arkansas)
 Lake of the Ozarks
 Lake Paho
 Perry County Community Lake
 Pomme de Terre Lake
 Pony Express Lake
 Ray County Community Lake
 Riss Lake
 Rocky Fork Lake
 Sears Community Lake
 Shawnee Mac Lakes
 Sims Valley Community Lake
 Smithville Lake
 Lake Springfield
 Lake St. Louis
 Stockton Lake
 Table Rock Lake (extends into Arkansas)
 Lake Taneycomo
 Thomas Hill Lake
 Tri-City Lake
 Truman Reservoir (largest lake in Missouri)
 Upper Big Lake
 Vandalia Lake
 Lake Viking
 Wappapello Lake
 Lake Waukomis
 Weatherby Lake
 Williams Creek Lake

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

 Angel Lake
 Humboldt Sink
 Lake Mead (extends into Arizona)
 Pyramid Lake
 Lake Tahoe (extends into California; largest lake in Nevada)
 Walker Lake

New Hampshire

New Jersey
 Alcyon Lake
 Arrowhead Lake
 Blue Hole
 Budd Lake
 Carasaljo Lake
 Lake Carnegie
 Deal Lake
 Estling Lake
 Green Pond
 Greenwood Lake
 Indian Lake
 Longwood Lake
 Lake Grinnell
 Lake Hopatcong (largest lake in New Jersey)
 Lake Lefferts
 Lake Musconetcong
 White Meadow Lake
 Lake Shawnee
 Lake Tappan
 Shepherd Lake
 Spruce Run Lake

New Mexico

 Abiquiu Lake
 Bluewater Lake
 Bonito Lake
 Brantley Lake
 Caballo Lake
 Clayton Lake
 Conchas Lake
 El Vado Lake
 Elephant Butte Reservoir (largest lake in New Mexico)
 Fenton Lake
 Hackberry Lake
 Heron Lake
 Morphy Lake
 Navajo Lake
 Lake Roberts
 Santa Cruz Lake
 Santa Rosa Lake
 Stinking Lake
 Storrie Lake
 Summer Lake
 Ute Lake

New York

North Carolina

 Badin Lake
 Blewett Falls Lake
 Lake Brandt
 Lake Cammack
 Chatuge Lake (extends into Georgia)
 Falls Lake
 Lake Gaston (extends into Virginia)
 Graham-Mebane Lake (formerly Quaker Lake)
 Lake Hickory
 Lake Higgins
 High Rock Lake
 Hyco Lake
 Lake James
 Jordan Lake
 Kerr Lake (extends into Virginia)
 Lake Lure
 Lake Mackintosh
 Mayo Lake
 Mountain Island Lake
 Lake Norman (largest lake in North Carolina)
 Price Lake
 Randleman Lake
 Reidsville Lake
 Lake Tillery
 Lake Townsend
 Lake Toxaway
 Tuckertown Lake
 W. Kerr Scott Lake
 White Lake
 Lake Wylie

North Dakota

 Lake Arthur
 Alkali Lake
 Lake Ashtabula
 Lake Darling
 Devils Lake
 Harker Lake
 Horsehead Lake
 Long Lake
 Lake Oahe
 Rush Lake
 Lake Sakakawea  (largest lake in North Dakota)
 Sweetwater Lake
 Lake Tschida
 Upper Harker Lake

Ohio

Oklahoma

 Altus City Reservoir
 Lake Altus-Lugert
 American Horse Lake
 Lake of the Arbuckles
 Arcadia Lake
 Ardmore City Lake
 Atoka Lake
 Bellcow Lake
 Birch Lake
 Lake Bixhoma
 Black Kettle Lake
 Bluestem Lake
 Boomer Lake
 Broken Bow Lake
 Brushy Creek Reservoir
 Lake Burtschi
 Canton Lake
 Carl Albert Lake
 Carl Blackwell Lake
 Lake Carl Etling
 Lake Carlton
 Carter Lake
 Cedar Lake
 Chandler Lake
 Lake Checotah
 Lake Chickasha
 Chouteau Lock and Dam
 Claremore Lake
 Clayton Lake
 Clear Creek Lake
 Cleveland City Lake
 Clinton Lake
 Coalgate City Lake
 Comanche Lake
 Copan Lake
 Cordell Reservoir
 Crowder Lake
 Cushing Municipal Lake
 Lake Dahlgren
 Dripping Springs Lake
 Lake Durant
 Lake El Reno
 Lake Ellsworth
 Lake Eucha
 Foss Reservoir
 Fort Cobb Reservoir
 Fort Supply Lake
 Fuqua Lake
 Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
 Great Salt Plains Lake
 Greenleaf Lake
 Guthrie Lake
 Heyburn Lake
 Lake Hudson (formerly named Markham Ferry Reservoir)
 Hulah Lake
 Lake Jean Neustadt
 Lake Jed Johnson
 Keystone Lake
 Konawa Reservoir
 Lake Lawtonka
 Liberty Lake
 Lloyd Church Lake
 McGee Creek Reservoir
 Lake McMurtry
 Mountain Lake
 Lake Murray
 Nanih Waiyah Lake
 Oklahoma Lake
 Okmulgee Lake
 Lake Overholser
 Ozzie Cobb Lake
 Pauls Valley Lake
 Pine Creek Lake
 Lake R.C. Longmire
 Raymond Gary Lake
 Rock Creek Reservoir
 Shawnee Twin Lakes
 Skiatook Lake
 Sooner Lake
 Lake Spavinaw
 Sportsman Lake
 Lake Stanley Draper
 Lake Talequah
 Lake Thunderbird
 Tom Steed Reservoir
 W.D. Mayo Lock and Dam
 Lake W. R. Holway
 Waurika Lake
 Lake Wayne Wallace
 Webbers Falls Reservoir
 Wes Watkins Reservoir
 Wewoka Lake
 Lake Wister
 Lake Yahola

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

 Alcohol and Drug Abuse Lake
 Lake Bowen
 Broadway Lake
 Lake Craig
 Lake Cunningham
 Lake Greenwood
 Lake Hartwell (extends into Georgia)
 Lake Jocassee
 Lake Keowee
 Lake Marion (largest lake in South Carolina)
 Lake Moultrie
 Lake Murray
 Lake Oak Grove
 Lake Oliphant
 Lake Ollenoy
 Lake Rabon
 Lake Robinson
 Lake Russell
 Saluda Lake
 Lake Secession
 Lake Strom Thurmond (also called Clarks Hill; extends into Georgia)
 Lake Thicketty
 Lake Tugalo (extends into Georgia)
 Lake Warren
 Lake Wateree
 Lake Welchel
 Lake Wylie

South Dakota

Tennessee

 Lake Barkley (extends into Kentucky)
 Boone Lake
 Calderwood Lake
 Center Hill Lake
 Cherokee Lake
 Chickamauga Lake
 Chilhowee Lake
 Dale Hollow Reservoir
 Davy Crockett Lake
 Douglas Lake
 Fort Loudoun Lake
 Fort Patrick Henry Lake
 J. Percy Priest Lake
 Kentucky Lake (extends into Kentucky)
 Larry Collins Lake
 Melton Hill Lake
 Nickajack Lake
 Norris Lake
 Ocoee Lake
 Old Hickory Lake
 Reelfoot Lake
 Tellico Lake
 Tims Ford Lake
 Watauga Lake
 Watts Bar Lake (largest lake in Tennessee)
 Wilbur Lake

Texas

Utah

 Great Salt Lake
 Lake Powell, Glen Canyon Dam,  USBR (KTN+SS)

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

 Lake Alice
 Bradley Lake
 Emma Matilda Lake
 Flaming Gorge Reservoir (extends into Utah)
 Jackson Lake
 Jenny Lake
 Leigh Lake
 Phelps Lake
 Lake Solitude
 String Lake
 Taggart Lake
 Two Ocean Lake
 Yellowstone Lake (largest lake in Wyoming)

Other areas

Puerto Rico

District of Columbia
 Kingman Lake is a tidal estuary, not a lake

See also
 List of lakes
 List of dams and reservoirs in the United States

References

*


Ranchi: BJP president Amit Shah Sunday said Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pledged to fulfil Mahatma Gandhi's dream of cleanliness, and the drive has already begun in that direction.

The Prime Minister believes that without the participation of the people, cleanliness could not be achieved through government programmes, and Modi has made cleanliness drive into a jan andolan (people's movement), the impact of which can be seen, a press release said, quoting Shah.

File image of Narendra Modi and Amit Shah. PTI

Shah was addressing a gathering after the inauguration of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Centenary celebrations, and laying the foundation stone for renovation of a pond at Argora maidan, the release said.

He described as a good initiative, the inclusion of 'Swachchta' in the curriculum from Class 1 to Class 5, saying this would help children become aware of cleanliness from childhood. The Rajya Sabha member said that Sunday is the birthday of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has devoted his life to the service of the country.

The people across the country are observing his birthday as 'Seva Divas', Shah said, adding, during the Modi regime, development of the poor is gaining ground.

Jharkhand chief minister Raghubar Das said the state is overwhelmingly participating in the cleanliness drive, which not only keeps away diseases but also raises the standard of living. Das said, on one hand today is Viswakarma Puja and on the other, it is the birthday of the 'architect' of new India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Jharkhand wishes him a long life so that he can serve the country in future, too, Das said. Earlier, Shah and Das participated in the cleanliness drive and planted saplings.


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