Together with the newly appointed consul general of the Philippines to Alaska, Jenny Gomez Strickler of Juneau, Reps. Cathy Muñoz and Bob Herron led Alaska’s first official trip to the Philippines last week.

The trip arose out of a visit that Vice Gov. Gabrielle “Billie” Calizo-Quimpo, the second highest ranking official in the Philippine province of Aklan, made to Juneau, when she met with city and state representatives. After that informal exchange, the provincial government invited the Alaska State Legislature to visit Aklan.

“It was a very full adventure, full of interesting meetings and great friendships,” said Muñoz Tuesday, shortly after arriving in Seattle. “We had a wonderful time.”

Muñoz, Herron, Strickler and three others, including Bartlett Regional Hospital nurse (http://bit.ly/QbpIia) and “in-country coordinator” Victoria Roldan, spent the first two days of their trip in Manila, the Philippines’ capital city.

While in Manila, Muñoz said, the Alaska delegation met with both American and Philippine officials, including U.S. Ambassador Harry Thomas and Rep. Feliciano Belmonte Jr. of Quezon City, Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives.

The delegation had a request in to meet with President Benigno Aquino III, about which Muñoz expressed optimism last month (http://bit.ly/Wzo3pB). But Aquino was in Cambodia during the Alaska visit and so was unavailable.

A joint statement from the offices of Muñoz and Herron said a letter from Gov. Sean Parnell and other gifts were left with Marciano Paynor, United States consul general to the Philippines, to be given to Aquino.

Muñoz said the Philippines, in addition to being the home country of some 25,000 Alaskans, represents an ideal market for Alaska’s seafood exports. She suggested that the Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute could hold a seafood exhibition in Manila in the future.

“The Philippines is one of the fastest growing economies in the Asia-Pacific, but it’s a market that is … not targeted for Alaskan products,” said Muñoz, adding, “The Philippines is a market that we haven’t really acknowledged.”

Muñoz and Herron also laid wreaths at the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, the largest cemetery in the Pacific region for U.S. casualties of World War II.

The Philippines, then a U.S. territory, was in the process of becoming an independent nation when war broke out and it was occupied by Japan. It became a republic in 1946, after the war ended.

After their two days in Manila, the delegation traveled to Aklan, Calizo-Quimpo’s home province and the home province of about 800 Juneau residents of Filipino descent, according to Muñoz.

Muñoz said a large crowd met the Alaska delegation at the airport in Aklan, including some Juneau residents. Upon the Alaskans’ arrival in Kalibo, the provincial capital, they were greeted by hundreds of Ati-Atihan dancers, cheering crowds and a parade that required several blocks of the city center to be cordoned off.

“It was an overpowering experience,” said Muñoz of the greetings. “It was incomparable to anything I’ve ever experienced.”

Muñoz added, “It was really truly remarkable to see … the homeplace of so many of our Juneau residents.”

While in Aklan, Muñoz and Herron met with Calizo-Quimpo and Gov. Carlito S. Marquez, business leaders, and leaders of Aklan State University, who expressed an interest in forming an exchange relationship with the University of Alaska Southeast’s Fisheries Technology Program.

“I met with the president of the Aklan State University, and they are very interested in developing a relationship with our university’s school of fisheries,” Muñoz said.

Muñoz added, “The other area that we’re very interested in is developing a sister city or sister province relationship between the City and Borough of Juneau and the province of Aklan.”

The Juneau Sister Cities Committee last month tasked Geny Del Rosario with reaching out to officials in Kalibo to determine whether they would be interested in a potential sister city relationship with Juneau (http://bit.ly/TcSg8q). Juneau has a sister city in the Philippines, Camiling, but that relationship is long dormant.

Mayor Merrill Sanford said Wednesday that he is interested in ties with Kalibo. He said the Borough Assembly will need to follow up on the contact in the trip.

“We’re trying to open up those communications formally. Sometimes when you’re dealing with a complete different country, you have to go through these steps,” Sanford said. He added, “It would be neat for us to be able to move forward on an active sister city in the Philippines.”

After seven days in the Philippines and a trans-Pacific flight back to the U.S., Muñoz said she was “amazingly jet-lagged.” But she still offered high praise for the Philippines and the province of Aklan.

“Aklan’s a beautiful place to visit, and I would encourage Alaskans who are thinking about going to Asia to consider a trip to the Philippines,” said Muñoz. “The people are the most gracious that I’ve met anywhere in the world, and the country is beautiful.”


1. Technical Field
The embodiments herein generally relate to infant head control mechanisms, and, more particularly, to an infant head control mechanisms that control an infant's head for comfort and also restricts the movement in undesirable directions.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is recommended that infants be placed on their backs (i.e., face up) when they are sleeping in cribs, cradles, bassinets, etc. One cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is suffocation caused by infants who are either positioned on their stomachs when sleeping or infants who turn their body/head over while sleeping and are unable to lift their heads in order to breathe. A typical head support such as a pillow or a soft cushion may not support turning or lifting of the head which is required to provide comfort while sleeping. Flat sleeping surfaces such as of a crib, bassinet or typical cradle generally do not restrict an infant from taking undesirable turns that may lead to suffocation. Accordingly, there is a need for a cradle that allows sufficient movement to a sleeping infant for comfort and also restricts undesirable movements that may lead to breathing problems.


Q:

What is difference between s3 select and athena

I am trying to understand what is difference between aws athena service and newly released s3 select (still in preview). And how usecases different for both of those? It seems both helps in selecting partial data from s3.

A:

You can think about AWS S3 Select as a cost-efficient storage optimization that allows retrieving data that matches the predicate in S3 and glacier aka push down filtering.
AWS Athena is fully managed analytical service that allows running arbitrary ANSI SQL compliant queries - group by, having, window and geo functions, SQL DDL and DML.

A:

Athena is (from the little I've used it) more intended as a business reporting or analysis tool backed by S3.
S3 select appears to use the same sort of technology, but I would guess it's aimed more at direct use by applications to filter or shard their data sets.

A:

To give an overview as per my understanding :

Amazon Athena is an interactive query service that makes it easy to
  analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena is serverless, so
  there is no infrastructure to manage, and you pay only for the queries
  that you run.

The Major Advantage of this as of now is :
Athena is out-of-the-box integrated with AWS Glue Data Catalog, you can also use Glue’s fully-managed ETL capabilities to transform data or convert it into columnar formats to optimize cost and improve performance.
Now as far the S3 Select Goes :

At present, there is no charge for using S3 Select while it is in
preview, and there is no definition of pricing. However, you will
need to apply at the reference
While in preview S3 Select supports CSV, JSON, and Parquet files with or without GZIP compression. During the preview objects that are encrypted at rest are not supported.
Because S3 Select is still in preview, AWS doesn't have internal
cases to verify how the service is being used. However, I could find
a reference from a blog that might interest you.

In my opinion, you can view this Twitch Video that can help you lot.


Q:

Conditioning on zero probability event

I have a somewhat trivial question (no homework):
Suppose $X_1, X_2$ are i.i.d. and uniform on $[0,1]$, and the realization of their maximum is $k \in (0,1]$. What is the conditional distribution of the other random variable?
Does that make any sense? In words: given that the realization of the maximum of 2 random variables attains some value, what is the conditional distribution of the other random variable? In the example, is it uniform on $[0,k]$?
Thanks!

A:

For two independent $U(0,1)$ random variables, the joint density of the maximum and minimum is uniformly distributed on the triangular region with vertices at $(0,0)$,
$(1,0)$ and $(1,1)$. So, yes, given that the maximum has value $k \in (0,1)$,
the minimum is uniformly distributed on $(0,k]$.  Similarly, given that the minimum
has value $\ell \in (0,1)$, the maximum is uniformly distributed on $[\ell, 1)$.
Edit added information as requested by OP
Let $W = \max\{X,Y\}$ and $Z = \min\{X,Y\}$.  Then, for $a \geq b$,
$$\begin{align}
F_{W,Z}(a,b) &= P\{W \leq a, Z \leq b\}\\
&= P\left(\{W \leq a\}\cap \{Z \leq b\}\right)\\
&= P\left(\{X \leq a, Y \leq b\} \cup \{X \leq b, Y \leq a\}\right)\\
&= P\{X \leq a, Y \leq b\} + P\{X \leq b, Y \leq a\}
- P\{X \leq b, Y \leq b\} )\\
&= F_{X,Y}(a,b) + F_{X,Y}(b,a) - F_{X,Y}(b,b).
\end{align}$$
If one of the steps puzzles you, think about
$P(A\cup B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A\cap B)$).  On the
other hand, if $a < b$, then
$$F_{W,Z}(a,b) = P\{X \leq a, Y \leq a\} = F_{X,Y}(a,a).$$
For jointly continuous random variables $X$ and $Y$, this
gives (upon taking partial derivatives with respect to $a$ and
$b$ that
$$f_{W,Z}(a,b) = \begin{cases}
f_{X,Y}(a,b) + f_{X,Y}(b,a), &\text{if}~ a \geq b,\\
0, &\text{if}~ a < b.
\end{cases}$$
If you think of the joint density $f_{X,Y}$ as a solid sitting
on the plane, just fold it over the diagonal line $a=b$ to
get the joint density $f_{\max,\min}$ of the maximum and
the minimum.
For your instance, the unit cube becomes a right triangular
prism of height $2$ with vertices at $(0,0)$,
$(1,0)$ and $(1,1)$.  Thus, the conditional density of
one of the two random variables given the value of the
other, being just a scaled version of the cross-section
of the joint density, is a
uniform density.


Q:

Subtracting two datetime.datetime.now().time() objects

I'm trying to build a chronometer with Python, but I'm having trouble subtracting times.
This is what I'm doing:
start = datetime.datetime.now().time()
end = datetime.datetime.now().time()
delta = end - start

And this is the error I'm getting:
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'datetime.time' and 'datetime.time'

I've looked around and saw some people solving this problem with datetime.combine, but when I try to do it I get this error:
AttributeError: module 'datetime' has no attribute 'combine'

A:

You might instead consider using the time module, this will return the UNIX time in seconds so you can easily find the difference between two times in seconds, you could then convert this to a time string format if desired.
import time
start = time.time()
time.sleep(1)
end = time.time()
delta = end - start

Or still using datetime you can remove the .time() call in your code
start = datetime.datetime.now()
time.sleep(1)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
delta = end - start

This returns a timedelta object which has properties such as .days, .seconds, .microseconds which you can use to extract the different time parts of the difference.


Super Mario Bros Adventure Game Info

Super Mario Bros Adventure Game

Play online Super Mario Bros Adventure game for free, Mario games , Super Mario games and Super Mario Bros games . Koopa captured the princess Peach once again. In order to rescue the princess, Mario and Luigi began a new adventure trip. Nothing can stop their determination to save the princess, although there are many monsters and traps on this risky journey. Your mission is to help Mario and Luigi get through all levels. They eat mushrooms there and they must cooperate with each other, use their different abilities to complete the levels and arrive the end! Have fun! Do not forget to tell your friends to come play our Free Mario Games.


Q:

MySQL very simple join example requested with subtable

I keep falling back into questions with MySQL joining.
And I would like to request a very simple example I could use to continue my journey of understanding learning the MySQL syntax.
Let's say I got the following table's
test_testtable

testtable_id
testtable_name
testtable_user
testtable_option
testtable_textfield

test_testlink

testlink_id
testlink_link
testlink_address

test_address

address_id
address_name
address_phone
address_email
address_street
address_city
address_zip

I would like to make a selection like :
SELECT * (lets say I would define the fields) FROM `test_testable`
JOIN `test_testtable`.`testtable_id` = `test_testlink`.`testlink_link`
AND
JOIN `test_testlink`.`testlink_addres` = `test_address`.`address_id`
WHERE `user_id` = 5

Hence the linking structure is like:
test_testtable.testtable_id = leading
table test_testlink is a table to link the table test_testtable and test_address
And linking table test_testlink uses the field testlink_link to link to the table test_testtable, and uses the field testlink_address to link to the table test_address
This does not work. FOR ME.. Since I continuously seem to fail of catching the correct syntax logic.
So I hope that someone could give me a small example of how to correctly implement such a simple yet critical query!
TIAD!!

A:

A general approach :
SELECT table1.* FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table2.id_table1 = table1.id
JOIN table3 ON table3.id_table2 = table2.id
WHERE table1.id = 10

For your purpose :
SELECT * (lets say I would define the fields) FROM `test_testable`
JOIN `test_testlink` ON `test_testtable`.`testtable_id` = `test_testlink`.`testlink_link`
JOIN `test_address` ON `test_testlink`.`testlink_addres` = `test_address`.`address_id`
WHERE `user_id` = 5

Please read the reference


The PH superfold: a structural scaffold for multiple functions.
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains form a structurally conserved family that is associated with many regulatory pathways within the cell. Domains with a nearly identical fold are found in other families that share no sequence similarity, suggesting the existence of a stable PH superfold. The PH domains generally function as regulated membrane-binding modules that bind to inositol lipids and respond to upstream signals by targeting the host proteins to the correct cellular sites. The other domains with a similar fold, such as the phosphotyrosine binding domains, recognize protein ligands.


[Vascular calcifications in subjects with and without chronic renal failure: types, sites and risk factors].
Vascular calcifications worse outcomes in the general population and in patients on dialysis. We investigated 146 patients on chronic hemodialysis and 63 healthy controls with normal renal function under 65 years of age. All subjects underwent B-mode ultrasonography of common and internal carotid artery, abdominal aorta, common and superficial femoral artery and posterior tibial artery to assess the presence of intimal and medial calcifications. Intimal and media calcifications were present at the level of the carotid vessel, the abdominal aorta, the common femoral artery, the superficial femoral artery and the posterior tibial artery, respectively in 45%, 50%, 45%, 50%, 42% of patients on dialysis and in 5%, 15%, 24%, 5%, 2% of controls (p <0,01). On multivariate logistic analysis of regression, after adjustment for potential confounders, carotid intimal calcification, abdominal aortic calcification, medial calcification of the superficial femoral artery and posterior tibial artery calcification were associated with dialysis and with cardiovascular disease. Only intimal arterial calcification were associated with older age and smoking. Vascular calcifications are extremely common in middle-aged patients on chronic hemodialysis. Ultrasonography currently available in Nephrology, is a sensitive, reproducible, inexpensive imaging technique to identify arterial intimal and medial calcification in high-risk cardiovascular subjects.


Digital collections

SCUA

Black Mass Communications Project Collection, ca.1970-1985.

10 boxes (15 linear feet).Call no.: RG 045/30 B4

The Black Mass Communications Project was founded as an educational and informational outlet for Black students at UMass Amherst in 1968 and authorized in the following year as a Registered Student Organization. Over the years, BCMP played varied roles on campus, hosting cultural events, lectures, workshops, and social gatherings as to help keep black music alive. Many of its early members were also affiliated with the student radio station WMUA, and throughout the 1970s, the organization played a prominent role in providing programming to the station, offering programming highlighting African American music and current affairs.

The BCMP collection consists of many dozens of reel to reel audiotapes of radio broadcasts aired over WMUA during the 1970s and early 1980s by and for the university’s African American community. Included is a range of locally-produced public affairs, cultural, and music programming, with some content licensed from around the country. A few of the tapes are associated with the Five College’s National Public Radio affiliate, WFCR.


package daemon

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"strings"
	"sync"

	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/docker/docker/opts"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/discovery"
	flag "github.com/docker/docker/pkg/mflag"
	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
)

const (
	defaultNetworkMtu    = 1500
	disableNetworkBridge = "none"
)

// flatOptions contains configuration keys
// that MUST NOT be parsed as deep structures.
// Use this to differentiate these options
// with others like the ones in CommonTLSOptions.
var flatOptions = map[string]bool{
	"cluster-store-opts": true,
	"log-opts":           true,
}

// LogConfig represents the default log configuration.
// It includes json tags to deserialize configuration from a file
// using the same names that the flags in the command line uses.
type LogConfig struct {
	Type   string            `json:"log-driver,omitempty"`
	Config map[string]string `json:"log-opts,omitempty"`
}

// CommonTLSOptions defines TLS configuration for the daemon server.
// It includes json tags to deserialize configuration from a file
// using the same names that the flags in the command line uses.
type CommonTLSOptions struct {
	CAFile   string `json:"tlscacert,omitempty"`
	CertFile string `json:"tlscert,omitempty"`
	KeyFile  string `json:"tlskey,omitempty"`
}

// CommonConfig defines the configuration of a docker daemon which are
// common across platforms.
// It includes json tags to deserialize configuration from a file
// using the same names that the flags in the command line uses.
type CommonConfig struct {
	AuthorizationPlugins []string            `json:"authorization-plugins,omitempty"` // AuthorizationPlugins holds list of authorization plugins
	AutoRestart          bool                `json:"-"`
	Context              map[string][]string `json:"-"`
	DisableBridge        bool                `json:"-"`
	DNS                  []string            `json:"dns,omitempty"`
	DNSOptions           []string            `json:"dns-opts,omitempty"`
	DNSSearch            []string            `json:"dns-search,omitempty"`
	ExecOptions          []string            `json:"exec-opts,omitempty"`
	ExecRoot             string              `json:"exec-root,omitempty"`
	GraphDriver          string              `json:"storage-driver,omitempty"`
	GraphOptions         []string            `json:"storage-opts,omitempty"`
	Labels               []string            `json:"labels,omitempty"`
	Mtu                  int                 `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
	Pidfile              string              `json:"pidfile,omitempty"`
	Root                 string              `json:"graph,omitempty"`
	TrustKeyPath         string              `json:"-"`

	// ClusterStore is the storage backend used for the cluster information. It is used by both
	// multihost networking (to store networks and endpoints information) and by the node discovery
	// mechanism.
	ClusterStore string `json:"cluster-store,omitempty"`

	// ClusterOpts is used to pass options to the discovery package for tuning libkv settings, such
	// as TLS configuration settings.
	ClusterOpts map[string]string `json:"cluster-store-opts,omitempty"`

	// ClusterAdvertise is the network endpoint that the Engine advertises for the purpose of node
	// discovery. This should be a 'host:port' combination on which that daemon instance is
	// reachable by other hosts.
	ClusterAdvertise string `json:"cluster-advertise,omitempty"`

	Debug     bool     `json:"debug,omitempty"`
	Hosts     []string `json:"hosts,omitempty"`
	LogLevel  string   `json:"log-level,omitempty"`
	TLS       bool     `json:"tls,omitempty"`
	TLSVerify bool     `json:"tlsverify,omitempty"`

	// Embedded structs that allow config
	// deserialization without the full struct.
	CommonTLSOptions
	LogConfig
	bridgeConfig // bridgeConfig holds bridge network specific configuration.

	reloadLock sync.Mutex
	valuesSet  map[string]interface{}
}

// InstallCommonFlags adds command-line options to the top-level flag parser for
// the current process.
// Subsequent calls to `flag.Parse` will populate config with values parsed
// from the command-line.
func (config *Config) InstallCommonFlags(cmd *flag.FlagSet, usageFn func(string) string) {
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedListOptsRef("storage-opts", &config.GraphOptions, nil), []string{"-storage-opt"}, usageFn("Set storage driver options"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedListOptsRef("authorization-plugins", &config.AuthorizationPlugins, nil), []string{"-authorization-plugin"}, usageFn("List authorization plugins in order from first evaluator to last"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedListOptsRef("exec-opts", &config.ExecOptions, nil), []string{"-exec-opt"}, usageFn("Set exec driver options"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.Pidfile, []string{"p", "-pidfile"}, defaultPidFile, usageFn("Path to use for daemon PID file"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.Root, []string{"g", "-graph"}, defaultGraph, usageFn("Root of the Docker runtime"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.ExecRoot, []string{"-exec-root"}, "/var/run/docker", usageFn("Root of the Docker execdriver"))
	cmd.BoolVar(&config.AutoRestart, []string{"#r", "#-restart"}, true, usageFn("--restart on the daemon has been deprecated in favor of --restart policies on docker run"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.GraphDriver, []string{"s", "-storage-driver"}, "", usageFn("Storage driver to use"))
	cmd.IntVar(&config.Mtu, []string{"#mtu", "-mtu"}, 0, usageFn("Set the containers network MTU"))
	// FIXME: why the inconsistency between "hosts" and "sockets"?
	cmd.Var(opts.NewListOptsRef(&config.DNS, opts.ValidateIPAddress), []string{"#dns", "-dns"}, usageFn("DNS server to use"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedListOptsRef("dns-opts", &config.DNSOptions, nil), []string{"-dns-opt"}, usageFn("DNS options to use"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewListOptsRef(&config.DNSSearch, opts.ValidateDNSSearch), []string{"-dns-search"}, usageFn("DNS search domains to use"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedListOptsRef("labels", &config.Labels, opts.ValidateLabel), []string{"-label"}, usageFn("Set key=value labels to the daemon"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.LogConfig.Type, []string{"-log-driver"}, "json-file", usageFn("Default driver for container logs"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedMapOpts("log-opts", config.LogConfig.Config, nil), []string{"-log-opt"}, usageFn("Set log driver options"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.ClusterAdvertise, []string{"-cluster-advertise"}, "", usageFn("Address or interface name to advertise"))
	cmd.StringVar(&config.ClusterStore, []string{"-cluster-store"}, "", usageFn("Set the cluster store"))
	cmd.Var(opts.NewNamedMapOpts("cluster-store-opts", config.ClusterOpts, nil), []string{"-cluster-store-opt"}, usageFn("Set cluster store options"))
}

// IsValueSet returns true if a configuration value
// was explicitly set in the configuration file.
func (config *Config) IsValueSet(name string) bool {
	if config.valuesSet == nil {
		return false
	}
	_, ok := config.valuesSet[name]
	return ok
}

func parseClusterAdvertiseSettings(clusterStore, clusterAdvertise string) (string, error) {
	if clusterAdvertise == "" {
		return "", errDiscoveryDisabled
	}
	if clusterStore == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid cluster configuration. --cluster-advertise must be accompanied by --cluster-store configuration")
	}

	advertise, err := discovery.ParseAdvertise(clusterAdvertise)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("discovery advertise parsing failed (%v)", err)
	}
	return advertise, nil
}

// ReloadConfiguration reads the configuration in the host and reloads the daemon and server.
func ReloadConfiguration(configFile string, flags *flag.FlagSet, reload func(*Config)) error {
	logrus.Infof("Got signal to reload configuration, reloading from: %s", configFile)
	newConfig, err := getConflictFreeConfiguration(configFile, flags)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	reload(newConfig)
	return nil
}

// boolValue is an interface that boolean value flags implement
// to tell the command line how to make -name equivalent to -name=true.
type boolValue interface {
	IsBoolFlag() bool
}

// MergeDaemonConfigurations reads a configuration file,
// loads the file configuration in an isolated structure,
// and merges the configuration provided from flags on top
// if there are no conflicts.
func MergeDaemonConfigurations(flagsConfig *Config, flags *flag.FlagSet, configFile string) (*Config, error) {
	fileConfig, err := getConflictFreeConfiguration(configFile, flags)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// merge flags configuration on top of the file configuration
	if err := mergo.Merge(fileConfig, flagsConfig); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return fileConfig, nil
}

// getConflictFreeConfiguration loads the configuration from a JSON file.
// It compares that configuration with the one provided by the flags,
// and returns an error if there are conflicts.
func getConflictFreeConfiguration(configFile string, flags *flag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configFile)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var config Config
	var reader io.Reader
	if flags != nil {
		var jsonConfig map[string]interface{}
		reader = bytes.NewReader(b)
		if err := json.NewDecoder(reader).Decode(&jsonConfig); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		configSet := configValuesSet(jsonConfig)

		if err := findConfigurationConflicts(configSet, flags); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Override flag values to make sure the values set in the config file with nullable values, like `false`,
		// are not overriden by default truthy values from the flags that were not explicitly set.
		// See https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/20289 for an example.
		//
		// TODO: Rewrite configuration logic to avoid same issue with other nullable values, like numbers.
		namedOptions := make(map[string]interface{})
		for key, value := range configSet {
			f := flags.Lookup("-" + key)
			if f == nil { // ignore named flags that don't match
				namedOptions[key] = value
				continue
			}

			if _, ok := f.Value.(boolValue); ok {
				f.Value.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%v", value))
			}
		}
		if len(namedOptions) > 0 {
			// set also default for mergeVal flags that are boolValue at the same time.
			flags.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
				if opt, named := f.Value.(opts.NamedOption); named {
					v, set := namedOptions[opt.Name()]
					_, boolean := f.Value.(boolValue)
					if set && boolean {
						f.Value.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))
					}
				}
			})
		}

		config.valuesSet = configSet
	}

	reader = bytes.NewReader(b)
	err = json.NewDecoder(reader).Decode(&config)
	return &config, err
}

// configValuesSet returns the configuration values explicitly set in the file.
func configValuesSet(config map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
	flatten := make(map[string]interface{})
	for k, v := range config {
		if m, isMap := v.(map[string]interface{}); isMap && !flatOptions[k] {
			for km, vm := range m {
				flatten[km] = vm
			}
			continue
		}

		flatten[k] = v
	}
	return flatten
}

// findConfigurationConflicts iterates over the provided flags searching for
// duplicated configurations and unknown keys. It returns an error with all the conflicts if
// it finds any.
func findConfigurationConflicts(config map[string]interface{}, flags *flag.FlagSet) error {
	// 1. Search keys from the file that we don't recognize as flags.
	unknownKeys := make(map[string]interface{})
	for key, value := range config {
		flagName := "-" + key
		if flag := flags.Lookup(flagName); flag == nil {
			unknownKeys[key] = value
		}
	}

	// 2. Discard values that implement NamedOption.
	// Their configuration name differs from their flag name, like `labels` and `label`.
	if len(unknownKeys) > 0 {
		unknownNamedConflicts := func(f *flag.Flag) {
			if namedOption, ok := f.Value.(opts.NamedOption); ok {
				if _, valid := unknownKeys[namedOption.Name()]; valid {
					delete(unknownKeys, namedOption.Name())
				}
			}
		}
		flags.VisitAll(unknownNamedConflicts)
	}

	if len(unknownKeys) > 0 {
		var unknown []string
		for key := range unknownKeys {
			unknown = append(unknown, key)
		}
		return fmt.Errorf("the following directives don't match any configuration option: %s", strings.Join(unknown, ", "))
	}

	var conflicts []string
	printConflict := func(name string, flagValue, fileValue interface{}) string {
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s: (from flag: %v, from file: %v)", name, flagValue, fileValue)
	}

	// 3. Search keys that are present as a flag and as a file option.
	duplicatedConflicts := func(f *flag.Flag) {
		// search option name in the json configuration payload if the value is a named option
		if namedOption, ok := f.Value.(opts.NamedOption); ok {
			if optsValue, ok := config[namedOption.Name()]; ok {
				conflicts = append(conflicts, printConflict(namedOption.Name(), f.Value.String(), optsValue))
			}
		} else {
			// search flag name in the json configuration payload without trailing dashes
			for _, name := range f.Names {
				name = strings.TrimLeft(name, "-")

				if value, ok := config[name]; ok {
					conflicts = append(conflicts, printConflict(name, f.Value.String(), value))
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}

	flags.Visit(duplicatedConflicts)

	if len(conflicts) > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("the following directives are specified both as a flag and in the configuration file: %s", strings.Join(conflicts, ", "))
	}
	return nil
}


The effect of energy deprivation and hyperosmolarity upon tubular structures and electrophysiological parameters of muscle fibres.
The exhaustion of metabolically poisoned muscle fibres is accompanied by a one hundred-fold increase in potassium conductance. Under these conditions a normal membrane capacity was measured. Extracellular markers (lanthanum, ferritin) were traced in the transverse tubular system but not in the myoplasm or the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results show that the structural integrity of surface and tubular membranes is fully maintained. The exhausted muscle can, therefore, be introduced as a suitable preparation for an analysis of the potassium channel, the alterations of ion concentrations in the restricted area of the T-system and other phenomena of physiological interest. Further experiments with extracellular markers dealt with the structure of the triads. Earlier measurements by other authors suggested a continuity between lumina of the T-system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, at least after an exposure to hyperosmotic solutions. These results could not be confirmed.--In addition the distribution of fibre cross areas of sartorius muscle was analysed from cryosections.


Q:

Hyperledger Composer Playground Query

Can we query using the Hyperledger Composer Playground or can we only query using the REST API? I read the tutorial, but it only shows how to query using the REST API.

A:

as Pronoy says, you can use REST APIs. Alternative is to set up a transaction, that calls a defined query (in queries,qry) - purely for testing and logging messages etc. Eg.
return query('selectPerson', {firstName: 'joe'} )
    .then(function (results) {

       for (var n = 0; n < results.length; n++) {
               var person = results[n];
               console.log('person is ' + (n+1) + ', object is ' +  person);
               console.log('person identifier is ' + person.getIdentifier());

         return personRegistry.get(person.getIdentifier())
         .then(function (personRecord) {
            console.log('object is ' + personRecord); // all good
           console.log('identifier is ' + person.getIdentifier() );
         })

       } // for

  }) //function


You are here: Car Insurance » FAQ » Are excluded drivers covered in the event of an accident?

Are excluded drivers covered in the event of an accident?

Are excluded drivers covered in the event of an accident?00

When an excluded driver gets into an accident in your car, the outcome depends on the circumstances. Just imagine that your spouse’s uncle Jack, who lives with you, is an excluded driver on all your vehicles for a myriad of reasons. Uncle Jack decides one night, while you and the missus are out, to take the car for spin. Next thing you know he has been in a terrible accident and severely injured a teenage boy coming home from baseball practice.

For you, if your uncle is truly an excluded driver on your vehicles, then you may still be liable for the accident unless you can prove that he took your car without your knowledge or permission. For your uncle and the boy it’s an entirely different tale depending on what types of insurance, if any, they hold.

What does an excluded driver mean?

An excluded driver is an individual who is not covered by your car insurance policy in the case of an accident or other incident.

In most cases you, as the driver and owner of the vehicle, are the one who names this individual as being excluded from your insurance policy.

If you choose to exclude a member of your household or other possible driver of your vehicle, this person will not be covered for any reason, even if they drive your car in the case of an emergency.

Why would you have someone as an excluded driver on your car?

The reasons for having someone excluded on your vehicle are many. In the above scenario Uncle Jack may be excluded by you because:

What excluding an individual on your insurance does is save you from the headache and financial burden if this person gets into an accident without your permission. It also stops your rates from going through the roof to cover a high risk driver. You don’t need a reason to exclude someone from your policy.

What if I simply don’t want “Uncle Jack” to drive the car but don’t exclude him?

In this case, you would be on the hook for the accident your uncle caused and most likely your premiums would go up. Not wanting someone to drive your car is very different than excluding them in writing on your car insurance policy.

If you feel uneasy about letting a friend, family member, or co-worker drive your car, then don’t allow them to drive.

If you feel so strongly that a certain person should never drive your car for the myriad of reasons previously mentioned, then most definitely exclude him or her on your auto insurance policy.

If you excluded Uncle Jack, but then let him drive your car anyway, then you too would be on the hook for any medical bills and repairs caused by this accident. Your car insurance company would not pay out for damages due to Uncle Jack being an excluded driver. The other party would be able to seek damages not covered under their insurance from you personally.

Be sure to check out the FREE tool directly below by entering your ZIP code now!

What type of insurance should one have in the case of an excluded driver accident?

In this scenario, the high school boy being injured severely by Uncle Jack hopefully has some sort of uninsured/underinsured motorist insurance coverage. This is great to have in a case such as this, when because the driver was excluded on the owner’s policy and the insurance company will not cover the claim. If the high school boy has also collision and comprehensive insurance for his own vehicle, this cover the damages to his vehicle and then try to get reimbursement from the driver (Uncle Jack) and the owner of the car (you) if you were aware of the excluded driver using your vehicle.

Some states are a no fault insurance states and make all drivers have at least a minimum amount of bodily and damage insurance to cover an accident no matter who is at fault. In this instance, each driver’s car insurance covers their damage.

What if the high school boy only has liability insurance, what can he do?

If Uncle Jack is an excluded driver, and the boy’s car only has liability insurance, than he will have to pay for any medical bills and repairs to the car out of his own pocket. He and his parents can hire a lawyer and go after Uncle Jack and you for all the medical and vehicle damages.

But, if Uncle Jack took your car without permission, and Uncle Jack is a derelict, than the boy and his family may be out of luck. If the boy and his family wanted to go a perhaps easier route, they could try to go after Uncle Jack in small claims court; but again, if Uncle Jack is insolvent this may not turn out well either, financially.

Overall, it’s important when purchasing insurance that you think about the multitude of scenarios you may be in and weigh your options on what you can afford and can’t afford both in regards to insurance premium payments, and possible future outcomes if you don’t have enough or the right type of car insurance coverage.


[Inherited dystonia update].
Among idiopathic dystonia, inherited dystonia whose causative gene or linkage has been clarified are named as DYT1 to DYT15. The causative genes of DYT1, 5 and 11 were identified as genes of Torsin A, GTP cyclohydrolase I, and epsilon-sarcoglycan, respectively. All three are inherited dominantly. DYT1, and DYT5 which is known as Segawa disease, are dystonia with onset in childhood. After identification of the causative gene, each disorder was found to show the various phenotypes. In both DYT1 and Segawa disease, early onset develops generalized dystonia, and later onset focal or segmental dystonia. Deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus internal segment shows remarkable effect on DYT1. Segawa disease responds markedly to L-dopa without any side effect lifelong. The pathophysiology of Segawa disease is that partial deficiency of BH4 resulted from GCH I deficiency, rate limiting enzyme of synthesis of BH4, affects the TH activity at terminal of nigrostriatal dopamine neuron. The role of Torsin A in the pathogenesis of DYT1 is unknown. For a certain neuron or neuronal system to manifest a clinical symptom, it should reach to a certain maturational level. The symptoms of inherited dystonia are influenced by the developmental level of responsible neuron or neuronal circuit.


Lights Menu

IKEA FRACK Mirror Frame Lamp DIY

Minni from Nimi Design blog took a left over IKEA Frack mirror frame along with a tin can, candle stand and a lamp cord and turned it into an industrial, somewhat nautical style DIY lamp. An IKEA hack? You can find the step by step guide here.

No comments yet.

About

This is a place where I gather ideas on all things lighting (I’m a wannabe property developer). Lights & Lights also has design guide articles writen by industry experts: our most popular topics are Home, Outdoor, and Wedding Lighting Ideas.


"[♪♪♪]" "♪ Young man goes out ♪" "♪ Looking for the diamond in the sea ♪" "♪ Old man rows his boat to shore ♪" "♪ And falls on twisted knees ♪" "♪ And you'll drown Before the water lets you in ♪" "[muffled shouting]" "[♪♪♪]" "[gasps]" "[sighs]" "[sighs]" "[shouting in distance]" "[Sally] No!" "[♪♪♪]" "[announcer on TV] Second shot into 18." "Ball above his feet." "[phone ringing]" "Long way into the green." "A 4-iron... [woman] Hello?" "Oh, my." "I am so sorry to hear that." "It's somebody from your old fleet." "Huh?" "What do they want?" "Robert Rayburn is dead." "[Georgina] How long?" "[Potts] Mm." "Two days, I imagine." "Where are you gonna stay?" "Not with them." "No, not with them." "[Georgina] Maybe you should tell them you're coming." "Well, maybe better if I don't." "[sighs]" "[woman] Another perfect night in paradise." "Yes, it is." "[man] Your son took us out on the reef this afternoon." "I've never seen anything like it." "Isn't it beautiful out there?" "So much life going on under the waves." "It's all around us all the time, but we so rarely get to see it." " [man] We appreciate you having us." " [Sally] Glad you're enjoying yourself." "We're happy to have you celebrating your honeymoon." "[woman] Exciting to be back." "Um, ahem." "I have a flight out of Miami tomorrow morning." "I need to cancel it." "Is there some kind of bullshit penalty I have to pay?" "[utensils clinking]" " If anyone's hungry." " Thanks." "[Marco] Thank you." "[Danny sighs]" "What is she doing?" "She's just sitting out there." "[grinder whirring loudly]" "Do you have to do that right now?" "Huh?" "It's for Mom." "The last time I saw him, I just talked about business." "We were driving in his truck." "God, he was happy." "He was the happiest I've ever seen him." "Wait, where'd you guys go once you dropped us off?" "Just went for a drink, had a talk." "About what?" "Oh, he, uh... wanted me to take on more responsibilities at the inn." "[Sally] Hey, the moon's out tonight." "[Meg] Mom, sit down." "Thanks, Meggie." "[sighs]" "Mom, a lot of people have been calling." "You know, they're asking about a memorial service." "We don't have to talk about it now, but if you have any ideas..." "He told me he didn't want a service." "[Meg] Really?" "When?" "Oh, I don't know." "Somewhere along the way." "Years ago." "He said he didn't want to be buried in the ground, and he didn't want people fussing over him." "That sounds like Dad." "[chuckles]" "Mom, we're gonna have to do something." "People are gonna wanna pay their respects." "Yeah, I know." " Thank you." " [Danny] Here you go." "I'm glad you two had some time together." " Good night." " Good night." "John?" "I don't want a lot of people giving speeches at the service." "Everyone thinks they have something to say, and it just goes on and on." "All right." "I want you to speak for all of us." "[♪♪♪]" "[♪♪♪]" "[man on radio] Traffic today in the upper Keys there at the Overseas Highway." "Oh, fuck." "If you're going that way, expect some slowing." "It's about a mile beyond the wildlife refuge." "Also some slowing on the 1 there, between Rock Harbor and the Key Largo Chamber of Commerce." " Roadwork is being done..." " Oh, man." "Hey, how's my favorite newlyweds?" " How you guys doing today?" "Got plans?" " Yeah." "Driving down to Key West." "Haven't seen it yet." "Make sure you give yourself plenty of time, though, okay?" "Because it always takes longer than you think." "We heard about your father." "I'm so sorry." " Yeah, thank you." " [man] We feel so foolish." "We talked with your mother last night, didn't know about it." " Please, give her our condolences." " Yeah, I will." "Well, you know, he had a massive stroke, and then he got a clean bill of health, and then, boom, he just dropped dead." "[coughs]" "Well, if there's anything we can do..." "All you guys gotta do, enjoy yourselves." "Because that's what Dad would have wanted." "Yeah." "Make sure you leave plenty of time." "Plenty of time." "Always takes longer than you think." "[sniffling]" "I thought I'd set up a table and put some of these out for the reception." "I love that idea." "I just don't know which ones to choose." "Oh." "This one." " Yeah." " Definitely this one." "[cell phone buzzing]" "Sorry." "[buzzing continues]" "I wanna put this one out." "What do you think?" "I don't know." "I think she should be there for him in some way." "[sighs]" "I didn't even know you had all of these." "[♪♪♪]" "They had a special bond." "Yeah, I remember." "[♪♪♪]" "[cell phone buzzing]" "Fuck." "[bell dinging] [country music playing over speakers]" "So, what does this mean for you?" "Uh..." "Dad's dead?" "I mean for your plans." "Doesn't mean anything." "Nothing." "So you gonna stick around?" "I am, yeah." "Cool." "Hey, excuse me." "[clears throat]" "These are" " I asked for over easy." " [waitress] They look easy enough to me." " No, no, no." "Those" " That's hard there." "And that's hard there." "Over easy, please." "You want some of mine?" " Just a bit." " Stop it." "[Chelsea] What time's the service tomorrow?" " Hey, fuck this." "Let's go." " I just started." "No, come on." "They can't even cook a fucking egg." "Fuck these guys." "[Diana] Honey, I gotta go down to the nursery" " and do the flowers" " Okay." " You need anything?" " Nope, I'm good." "Thanks." " How's it coming along?" " Mm..." "I don't know what the fuck I'm writing." "Please, don't say I should write whatever I feel." "Okay." "I won't." "It's not like he can hear me anyway." " Who knows?" "Maybe he can." " Heh." "[vehicle approaching]" "Thanks." "Oh, jeez." " Did you put gas in the car?" " Here we go." " No, I did not." " Great." " Hey, Di." " Hey." "You need anything?" "I'm going into town." "Oh, no." "I'm good." "I'm good." " [John] Hey." " Hey, I brought your bike back." " What's this, your eulogy?" " Oh." "[sighs]" " What?" "What?" " "Like a whole library burned down"?" " What the fuck's that supposed to mean?" " The man had a lot of stories." " It's just a thought I had." "It's stupid." " Yeah." "It's stupid." "I mean, a library burning down." "See..." "No." " What?" " Nothing." "So do you think I should say something?" "What do you mean?" "Say something at the service?" "Yeah, I mean at the service." "I mean, just, it seems kind of strange... that I wouldn't say anything." "I don't think it's strange." "So you don't think I should say anything?" "I don't think you should say anything if you don't wanna say anything, no." "Mm..." "I think I'll say something." " Good." "Go ahead and say something." " Yeah." "Wish I could help you write this, but, you know..." "Fuck, he treated us so different, right?" "It'd be like we were talking about two different people." "Hey, you remember Lenny Potts?" "Dad's friend?" "Yeah." "I think I just saw him in town." "Really?" "Jesus Christ, I hadn't thought about him in... a long time." " Must be here for the service." " Well, I can't be sure it was him." "Hey, you know what?" "You're trying too hard." "This" " You should just wing it." "[footsteps leaving] [truck door opens then closes]" "Mom?" "[chuckles]" "[man] And how old are you, John?" "[young John] Fourteen." "[Sally] Thought I heard you down here." "Oh, you found your father's secret stash." "You know it was never really much of a secret." "Pour me a glass." "Danny wants to say something at the service tomorrow." "We've already discussed this." "Mom." "I won't tell my siblings that they can't speak at their own father's funeral." "I'm sorry." "[sighs]" "Well, what is it?" "You afraid of something he's gonna say, or what?" "I don't know." "I just..." "I just don't think your father would want Danny to speak." "Well, Dad's not here, and Danny is." "[sighs]" "I don't even know what the hell I'm gonna say." "Well, it doesn't have to be perfect." "Well, it would be nice to be able to say something about him that people don't already know." "He always said his childhood was shit." "He never talked about his childhood." "Well, what you don't know, he didn't want you to know." "He didn't like people feeling sorry for him." "How bad was it?" "Come on." "He must've told you stories over the years." "A few." "He grew up on a cattle ranch." " I knew that." " It was supposed to be a cattle ranch, but his grandfather was a shit businessman." "He was a shit everything." "Do you know your father never finished high school?" "He told me." " Do you know why?" " Because he was a shitty student." "[chuckles]" "Yeah, he was too busy getting into trouble back then." "But that's not why he didn't graduate." "Why didn't he graduate?" "You remember Gram?" "Bits and pieces, yeah." " She wasn't his real mother." " No, she was his stepmother." "He liked her better than he liked his father, which wasn't necessarily saying much." "But one day, I don't know, it might have been Memorial Day weekend." "I know there was some kind of a barbecue." "Anyway, your father was off somewhere, and when he came back, he couldn't find his stepmother." "What do you mean, he couldn't find her?" "Where was she?" " Why do you wanna hear this?" " Mom, tell the damn story." "Come on." "So he couldn't find her." "He didn't think much of it at first." "Then he went out in the backyard and your grandfather was standing at the grill flipping steaks, and they were all burnt." "Black and charred." "But he just kept sticking them with that grilling fork and flipping them over and over again." "He must've been drunk." "Anyway, that's when Robert knew that something wasn't right, and he went back in the house, and he asked your Uncle Tuck and Aunt Lynn if they knew where she was." "And they were just little kids then, and they were too scared to say anything." "Scared?" "Why?" "Well, he didn't know why." "But then I guess he heard some kind of... moaning and crying... and he realized it was coming from the cellar." " The cellar." " Your grandfather locked her down there." "Your father let her out and saw that her face was all..." "Well, what?" "Smashed up." "Her face was all smashed up." "Blood, broken nose." "So, what did he do?" "Did he call the police or...?" "No, it was rural Texas, late '50s." "And they wouldn't have done anything." "So he went back outside to confront your grandfather, and they fought." "They went at it." "And what happened?" "Your grandfather cut him with a steak knife." "And your father... he snapped." "And he grabbed the grilling fork, and he stuck it in your grandfather's throat." "[♪♪♪]" "He said he almost killed him right there... but somehow he stopped himself." "He told me... he had two little holes in his throat, like he'd been bit by a rattlesnake." "He used to laugh about that." "Found it funny somehow." "Then he backed off and, uh..." "He left, and I don't think he ever came back home again." "He told me once that... if he didn't get out of there, he would have killed the son of a bitch." "That's why he never finished high school." "[♪♪♪]" "[♪♪♪]" "[vehicle approaching]" "[door bangs]" "[mournful music playing in distance] [chattering]" " [Meg] Yeah." " [Sally] The wreath." " Where's Belle?" " She's not coming." " Are you serious?" " I didn't want her here." "It was my decision." " [Danny] Hey." " Sucks, bro." "Is that all you can say?" "He just lost his dad." "[Danny] Don't worry about it." "It's okay." "But you guys didn't have to come." "Come on." "You kidding?" "When something's lost, something else is gained." "[Eric scoffs]" "I know it sounds like bullshit, but I believe it." "Yeah." "Thanks, Chel." "Thank you." " What are you gonna tell people?" " I'll say she was too upset." "I don't know." "I'll say something." "I don't know." "[Sally] Hey, Belle." "You gotta be fucking kidding me." "[♪♪♪]" "[ukulele playing]" "[John] Thanks." "My father didn't talk much about himself." "He told stories." "Yeah, about being in the Navy... about the Keys... what it was like before the tourism boom." "He told a lot of stories." "But he didn't talk much about himself." "And if you think about that, it" "It says a lot about him." "Christ, this is a lot of pages." "My brother Danny told me that I should wing this." "And at the time, I thought it was a bad idea." "[all chuckling]" "What the hell." "Look... to me my dad was a..." "He was a god." "Maybe every kid is..." "Feels that way about his dad." "But mine..." "He actually created a world." "This." "This." "Every" "Everything around here... he created... out of nothing." "Because when he was 17 years old and he left home... because all he had...was nothing." "People ask me, uh..." "All the time, they ask me if I'm gonna take over the family business." "And I think to myself, uh... you know, what would that be like?" "To live like Dad?" "Walk onto that porch and look over my...kingdom." "But I will never know that feeling or that pride... because I didn't build it." "He, uh..." "Heh." "He ruled his kingdom." "He could be tough." "He could be hard." "[♪♪♪]" "He had a vision for the family, and he knew exactly what he wanted us to be." "If you didn't-- If you didn't toe that line, or you didn't live up to that vision, you, uh... [man] And how old are you, John?" "[young John] Fourteen." "[♪♪♪]" "Well, you know, he, um..." "Dad expected the best from us." "Because he wanted the best for us." "Everything that" "Everything that I have, everything that we all have is because of him." "[inaudible]" "He made me who I am." "And now my brother Danny, uh, he'd like to say a few" "Well, I know how he feels." "I know how we all feel." "And we'd like to thank all of you, everyone... for coming out and paying your respects... to our father." "[people chattering]" " [Sally] Excuse me a second." " [man] Go ahead." "[Sally] Thank you both so much for coming." "We really appreciate it." "How's your mother?" "I asked you not to come here." " This is what I'm talking about." " Here we fucking" "Right here." "You see what you're doing?" "No, tell me." "What'd I do wrong now, huh?" "You were the one who left me." "We should be out there with your" "What am I doing?" "We should be outside with your family right now." "And instead you drag me in here to throw a fit." " You're acting like a child." " I'm behaving like myself." "This is me." "This is the man you married." "Not Marco." "Not John." "Not your father." "What?" " I shouldn't have said that." "I'm sorry." " What?" "What did you say to me?" "I'm sorry." "I shouldn't have said that." "[sighs]" "Get out." " Just" " I mean it." "Just get out." " Kevin, I'm sorry." " I need to say goodbye to your family." " Get out." "Get the fuck out of my family's house." " How's your mother?" " She's not so great." "She's got tubes coming out of her nose, wheeling a tank like a poodle on a leash." "Oh, I'm sorry." "[Chelsea] She would've liked to have been here." "Wouldn't have been fair to you." "She'd be hammered by now, so..." "It's a disease." "[sighs]" " You okay?" " Mm-hm." "I know that wasn't easy for you." "Oh..." "I was just a little distracted is all." " You did amazing." " Thanks." "There he is." "Bobby's boy." "Detective Potts." " This is my wife, Diana." " Nice to meet you." "Just like your father." "He always got the pretty one." "Back in the Navy, me and Bobby, we'd pull into port, head into town." "Five minutes later, he would be surrounded." "You could not see him through a fog of skirts." "[John chuckles]" "I can see that." "I appreciate you coming." "I'm truly sorry for your loss." "Both of you." "[Diana] Thank you." "Detective Potts was with the Sheriff's Department for, what...?" "I left in '87, and I understand you found a badge." " Yes, sir." "I did." " Hey." "Maybe Detective Potts can help you with your case." "I'm sure Detective Potts has more to do than worry about what I'm up to." "Oh..." "You'd be doing me a favor, please." "He needs to talk to someone." "Well, I don't know why you'd wanna pick through this old brain, but buy me a drink, I'm happy to listen." "Well, sure, that'd be great." "I'd appreciate it." "Thank you." "[chattering]" "[Meg] Hey, are you okay?" "I'm sorry." "Just sad about Robert." "Listen to me, telling you I'm sad." " He was your father." " No, it's okay." "Do you need anything?" "I just think I need to go home." "I'm sorry." " You're okay?" " Yes, thank you, Marco." "Take care of my girl." "Hey, come over here." "[cell phone buzzing]" "[Alec over phone] Hey, Meg, is everything okay?" " You need to stop." " I heard about your father." "I've been trying to reach you." "I told you I cannot talk to you right now." "I just wanna make sure you're okay." "What the fuck is wrong with you?" "I'm at my father's funeral." "I didn't know that." "I'm sorry, Meg." "You know what?" "Don't call me ever again." "[Potts] Danny." "I don't know if you remember me." " Yeah." " Been a while." "I had forgotten how clear this water is." "Yeah, it's something." "Whole place, one big coral reef." "That's right." "Well, hey, I'll let you have your peace." "Wanted to let you know how sorry I was about your father." "That's all." "[rock music playing over speakers] [talking indistinctly]" "You think they have something going on?" "Now there's a perfect couple." "What happened with you and Belle?" "Ooh, ours." "Mm-mm." " What, should I leave or--?" " No, just tell him." " [Marco] What?" "Tell me what?" " Tell him." " He already knows." " What?" "Well, about you and Belle." "I know." "What the fuck?" "I told you not to tell anybody." " He's my guy." "He doesn't count." " Fuck it." "I don't care." "I honestly-- I don't give a shit who knows." "I don't." "Fuck it, because I'm free." "Did you guys fight?" "I've never seen her like that." "All this time, I thought it was me." "What I wasn't doing for her." "It was all my fault." "But what I realized is that it's not me." "It's her." "It's what she wants, you know?" "It's what she needs." "Fuck it." "I'm free." "Uh, I know you're free," " but you sure you want another one?" " I'm free." "So this case..." "Yeah." "Hispanic girl, 14, 15 years old, no ID, burns over most of her body, washed up in the Mangrove." "Hmm." "A few days later, we found a charred hull." "Diesel fuel on the boat matches up to the fuel on the girl." "Mm." "Teenage girl wouldn't be alone on a pleasure cruise." " Find any other bodies?" " One, but there have to be others." "We did a search, and also checked all the hospitals in the Keys up to Miami." "Years ago, we had a case." "Mother reports her son missing off Key Largo." "A few weeks later, found a body 50 miles north." " Got caught in the Gulf Loop." " Looks like it." "Had a study commissioned on the current patterns." "Report should be in the archives somewhere." "Oh, wow." "Be sure to check into that." "You never know." "You miss working?" " I do a little PI stuff part-time." " Oh." "Keeps me busy." "You know, I think I, uh..." "I became a policeman because of you." "[laughs]" " You're blowing smoke." " No, no, no, my..." "You know, my dad talked about you a lot." "He made you out to be like John Wayne or something." "I don't know if you remember, but you took Danny and I to the gun range one time." "We thought you were-- We thought you were a badass." "That's what we called you, Mr. Badass." "Hmm." " No, I told you no." " [Eric] Giving him an opportunity." " I told you already." " It's opportunities, man." " Hello, my brother." " Hey." " [Eric] Oh, boy." " [Kevin] I'm free." " You are?" "Congratulations." " That's right." "Thank you." " Congratulations." " What's he talking about?" "I got no fucking idea what he's talking about." "Listen." "You don't need to worry what I'm talking about, okay?" "The only thing that you need to worry about is that I'm free." " Fucking free." " You're free?" "Congratu-fucking-lations." "You're free and a drunken fucking idiot." "And I'm free to be a drunken fucking idiot." "Hey, you got any blow?" " Really?" "Now?" " No, man." "Fucking cut him a break." " Cut him a break." " Fuck him." "His dad died." "He's just" " You know." "And he's a drunken fucking idiot." "[Kevin laughs]" "That's right." "My fucking dad just died." "Why didn't you speak at the funeral?" "What?" "John did such a sterling job." " How could I follow that?" " You don't fucking believe that." " You're full of shit." " It was beautiful." "You are so full of shit." "That was disgusting." "That was horrible, man." "My father would've fucking hated it." "It would've killed him." "[all laughing]" "Hey, I danced with you one time." "No!" " I don't think so." " No, no." "We did." "We totally did." " Frog Baylor's house party..." " [Eric] Ha-ha-ha." "Um, you remember that douche bag?" "Uh, early '90s..." "Uh, what was that fucking song?" "Uh, uh, uh..." " I don't remember." " [Kevin] Was your hair pink?" " [Chelsea] It was." " It was pink." "It was a lovely shade of fuchsia, as I remember." "Fuck it." "Danny's friends were always the most fun anyway, right?" " Can we get a drink please?" " I'm tired." "I'm gonna go home." " No." " Okay, no, I gotta go." " Come here." "Come here." " No, I'm tired, brother." "Tired." "[Kevin] Oh..." "Mwah." "Mwah." " My brother." " Oh, man." "Fucking hell." "Come on..." "Ha-ha-ha." " [Danny] Take care." " [Kevin] I will." " Sorry about your dad." " Thank you so much." "Thank you." "Thank you." "We should have that dance again." "As soon as we can." "Hey, dude, are they fucking together?" "Uh, that is not my business." "Nor is it yours." "Whoa." "You want some blow, really?" "No, I don't want any fucking blow." " Shut up." " What the fuck are you talking about?" " What's that have to do--?" " Prick." " [Eric] What the fuck?" " Fuck off." "[Eric] Fuck you." "What happened with you and my father?" "[sighs]" "We had a disagreement." "It happened about the time that you lost your sister." "I don't know how much you remember about all that." "I try not to think about it too much." "And for Bobby." "You lose a child, it does something to a man." "It was tough." "We worked our way through it." "Well, I'm glad to hear that." "And then your brother was injured." "How's Danny been doing all these years?" " He's been good." " Well..." "What's he doing?" "Danny?" "He, uh..." "Well, to tell the truth, Danny struggled a bit." "Life's..." "Life's been kind of hard on Danny." "Hmm." "I'm sorry to hear that." "It's nice to see you're doing well." "Thanks for the beer." "I should be going." "Yeah." "[tires screeching]" "[horn honking]" "Please, be home." "Come on, baby." "Come on." "Oh, yes." "I'm so sorry." "I'm so sorry." "I'm so sorry." "I..." "I'm" " I don't know what I said." "I don't know why I said that to you." "[♪♪♪]" "[lighter clicks]" "[♪♪♪]" "[coughing]" "[Chelsea] Hey." "You can stay, you know." "Yeah, that's not what this thing is." " What thing?" " You and me." "Look, I didn't say it was anything." "I just said you could stay." "Thanks, Cece." "Night." "[♪♪♪]" "[♪♪♪]" " [John] Denise, how you doing?" " [Denise] I haven't seen you in a while." " It's been a while." " Yeah." "Got an old case to check on, if that's all right." " Of course." " Thank you." "[woman  man speaking indistinctly]" "[Potts] Morning." "I'm headed back north." "I just wanted to say goodbye." " Okay." "Mom is in the house." " I wanted to talk to you, I" " I gotta go to work." " It'll just take a second." "[sighs]" "What is it?" " I just wanna say I'm sorry." " For what?" "Well, for not doing my job better, I guess." "I know what happened to you, Danny." "I know how you got hurt." "I knew it at the time, but I couldn't prove it." "I wanted to tell you how sorry I was about your father... and that's all." "You know what?" "Thirty years ago." "Who gives a damn?" "Your father was my good friend, but he had a mean streak." "What happened to your sister was an accident, but your father, he took it out on you." "I did what I could at the time, tried to talk to your family about it." "But I should have done more." "What do you mean you tried talking to my family?" "They never told you?" "Well, there's something you need to hear." "[♪♪♪]" "[Potts on recording] Date is November 11th, 1983." "This is Detective Leonard Potts interviewing John Rayburn." "Can you say your name for the record?" "John Rayburn." "[Potts] And how old are you, John?" "[young John] Fourteen." "And were you there when your brother got hurt?" "Yes, sir." "[♪♪♪]" "And what happened?" "He was hit by a car." " [Potts] And was your father there?" " [young John] No, sir." "He was at the hospital with my sister." " You telling me the truth, son?" " Yes, sir." "[Potts] Are you sure you're telling me the truth?" "[young John] Yes, sir." "[♪♪♪]" "♪ I saw you in my mind When I was younger ♪" "♪ I saw you in my mind When I was younger ♪" "♪ I did not know you ♪" "♪ You were a demon to me ♪" "♪ Deep below the earth I might have found you ♪" "♪ High above the tower I could not see ♪♪"


Tag Archives: skating

Finland is all about the nature and all the beautiful and unique views and all the aspects that are related to of a Finnish nature. Our habits are based on it what possibilities nature has given to us. Finland is the country of thousands lakes and lakes have made us to swim in every time of the year. Finnish weather is cold, so we have been really into Sauna. And the Finnish crazyness must be one of the cosequenses of the weather and being isolated here in the dark and north. We became survivors and that is seen still in our behavior. We are not so good at accepting help, but we can manage even under the hard pressure.

Many could describe Finns very unsocial, but in certain situations we appear to be very social and have a great team spirit. The real Finnishness can be seen in public saunas and in an ice hole in winter and on public ice hockey fields. There people gather and talk to strangers and make friends without inhibition. For example in this photo you can see me playing ice-hockey with a bunch of strangers. It was really fun and we spent several hours there skating and playing. Want to get to know some Finns? Go and get skates and go ice-skating or get your swimsuit and hat and try some ice-swimming. You might be surprised.

Welcome!

This blog is your window to Finnishness. Here you will find blog posts written by students of Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) describing their personal experiences and notions of being a Finn or living in Finland. This blog is part of the course "Intercultural Experiences and Competences" and was started in spring 2016.

You can use the tag cloud to find posts with specific contents, and to find posts from a specific month, use the navigation at the bottom of the page titled “Blog Post Archive”. Feel free to leave comments as well! Enjoy!


                    United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

      ___________

      No. 99-3876
      ___________

Michael McNamara; Nancy B.            *
McNamara                              *
                                      *
                   Appellants,        *
                                      *
            v.                        *
                                      *
Commissioner of Internal Revenue,     *
                                      *
                    Appellee.         *

                                          Appeals from the United States
                                          Tax Court.

      ___________

      No. 99-3891
      ___________

Vincent E. Bot; Judy Bot,             *
                                      *
                   Appellants,        *
                                      *
            v.                        *
                                      *
Commissioner of Internal Revenue,     *
                                      *
                    Appellee.         *
      ___________

      No. 99-3968
      ___________

John P. Hennen; Teresa Hennen,            *
                                          *
                    Appellants,           *
                                          *
             v.                           *
                                          *
Commissioner of Internal Revenue,         *
                                          *
                      Appellee.           *

                          Submitted: September 13, 2000

                                  Filed: December 29, 2000

Before McMILLIAN, HEANEY, and BOWMAN, Circuit Judges.
                           ___________

HEANEY, Circuit Judge.

      These cases are appeals from Tax Court rulings that cash rental income received
by taxpayers was includible farm income and therefore constituted earnings from self-
employment under I.R.C. § 1402(a)(1). We reverse and remand.

                                          2
I. BACKGROUND

      A. I.R.C. § 1402

       In order to fund Social Security benefits for the self-employed, the Internal
Revenue Code taxes self-employment income. Generally, taxable self-employment
income excludes sources that do not depend on an individual’s labor, including rentals
from real estate. Section 1402(a)(1), however, creates an exception to that exclusion
for rents that are

      derived under an arrangement, between the owner or tenant and another
      individual, which provides that such other individual shall produce
      agricultural or horticultural commodities . . . on such land, and that there
      shall be material participation by the owner or tenant . . . in the production
      or the management of the production of such agricultural or horticultural
      commodities, and . . . there is material participation by the owner or
      tenant . . . with respect to any such agricultural or horticultural
      commodity[.]

Rents falling within § 1402(a)(1)’s exclusion are characterized as includible farm rental
income, and considered earnings from self-employment.

      B. The McNamaras

        Michael McNamara began farming in Minnesota in 1977. He operated the farm
as a joint venture with his wife Nancy McNamara until 1992, when he incorporated the
farm under the name McNamara Farms. Mr. McNamara is the sole shareholder,
officer, and director. McNamara Farms operates on approximately 1,250 acres, a
portion of which is rented from the McNamaras. During 1993, 1994, and 1995--the tax
years at issue--McNamara Farms rented under a written lease 460 acres of land and a
house that was owned by the McNamaras. Pursuant to the lease, in the years 1993,

                                            3
1994, and 1995, McNamara Farms paid the McNamaras between approximately
$45,000 and $57,000.

       In February 1992, Mr. McNamara entered into an employment agreement with
McNamara farms. The agreement provided that Mr. McNamara was to serve as
general manager, responsible for field work and marketing, security of machinery and
inventory, management of other employees, and other usual and customary duties
associated with agricultural production. In essence, the agreement memorialized the
duties Mr. McNamara had performed since he began farming. At the same time, Mrs.
McNamara also entered into an employment agreement with McNamara Farms. The
agreement provided that Mrs. McNamara would be responsible for bookkeeping,
employee meal preparation, field work, assistance with machinery and inventory, and
other duties as assigned. Mrs. McNamara’s employment agreement also memorialized
the duties she had been performing since she began farming with Mr. McNamara.

       For each tax year at issue, the McNamaras filed a Form 1040 as married persons
filing jointly, identifying their occupations as “farmer” (Mr. McNamara) and
“bookkeeper” (Mrs. McNamara). For 1993, 1994, and 1995, they reported on
Schedule E (Suppplemental Income and Loss), that they received net rental income
between approximately $19,000 and $23,000. Each year, the McNamaras also
reported wages of roughly $30,000. Each year, Mr. McNamara reported earnings from
McNamara Farms of roughly $28,000, and Mrs. McNamara indicated earnings from
McNamara Farms of roughly $2,500.

      The Commissioner determined the real estate rental payments the McNamaras
received from McNamara Farms were includible in their net earnings from self-
employment under § 1402(a)(1), and as a result the McNamaras owed self-employment
taxes for 1993, 1994, and 1995. The McNamaras contested the Commissioner’s
determination in the Tax Court, which ruled in the Commissioner’s favor. Looking
beyond the terms of the lease to the McNamaras’ obligations “within the overall

                                         4
scheme” of their farming operation, the Tax Court determined that “the arrangement
between [the McNamaras] and McNamara farms provided, or contemplated, that [the
McNamaras] materially participate in the production of agricultural commodities on the
farmland.” McNamara v. Comm’r, 78 T.C.M. (CCH) 530, 532-33 (1999). Further,
the court ruled that both the McNamaras had, pursuant to that scheme, materially
participated in agricultural production. The court concluded that the rental income was
therefore includible farm rental income subject to taxation as self-employment earnings.
See id.

      C. The Bots

       Vincent E. and Jody Bot have been farming for thirty-eight years. During the tax
years in issue--1993, 1994, and 1995--Mr. Bot owned 160 acres of the farm, and Mrs.
Bot owned 240 acres. Mr. Bot rented Mrs. Bot’s acreage pursuant to an oral
agreement. In 1992, Mrs. Bot entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Bot.
The agreement provided that Mrs. Bot was to perform various farm-related tasks, such
as assisting with hog production and operating field machinery. The agreement
essentially memorialized the tasks Mrs. Bot had performed since she began farming
with Mr. Bot.

      Like the McNamaras, the Bots filed jointly as a married couple. They reported
on Schedule E for each year at issue that Mrs. Bot received net rental income of
approximately $18,000. They also reported that Mrs. Bot received wages of roughly
$15,000. The Commissioner determined that the rental payments Mrs. Bot received
from Mr. Bot were includible as net earnings from self-employment under § 1402(a)(1)
and thus subject to self-employment tax. The Bots contested the Commissioner’s
determination in the Tax Court, which rejected the Bots’ arguments in an opinion
echoing its ruling against the McNamaras.

                                           5
      D. The Hennens

       John P. and Teresa Hennen have farmed together for thirty-eight years. During
1994, 1995, and 1996--the years at issue--Mr. Hennen operated an 1,100-acre crop and
livestock farm in Minnesota as a sole proprietor. Mrs. Hennen owned approximately
two hundred of those acres, which she rented to Mr. Hennen under an oral agreement.
For each of the years at issue, Mrs. Hennen provided--pursuant to employment
agreements with Mr. Hennen--services to the farming operation including bookkeeping,
running errands, and help with livestock chores and fieldwork. The employment
agreements essentially memorialized the duties Mrs. Hennen had performed since she
began farming with Mr. Hennen.

       The Hennens also filed jointly as a married couple. They reported on Schedule
E for each year at issue that Mrs. Hennen received net rental income of approximately
$12,000 to $14,000. They also reported that Mrs. Hennen received wages from Mr.
Hennen of roughly $3,000. The Commissioner determined that the rental payments
Mrs. Hennen received from Mr. Hennen were includible as net earnings from self-
employment under § 1402(a)(1) and thus subject to self-employment tax. The Hennens
contested the Commissioner’s determination in the Tax Court, which rejected the
Hennens’ arguments in an opinion echoing its ruling against the McNamaras.

      The McNamaras, Bots, and Hennens all appeal.

II. DISCUSSION

      We have jurisdiction pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7482 (2000). We review the Tax
Court’s legal conclusions de novo and its factual determinations for clear error. See
Campbell v. Comm’r, 164 F.3d 1140, 1142 (8th Cir. 1999).

                                         6
       As an initial matter, we disagree with taxpayers that § 1402(a)(1) applies only
to rental payments derived from sharecropping or share-farming. No such restriction
appears in the Code, and we are unpersuaded that the legislative history compels an
interpretation not apparent from the face of § 1402(a)(1). We also reject taxpayers’
contention that the instructions accompanying Form 4835 (Farm Rental Income and
Expenses) contradict and therefore override § 1402(a)(1).

       Further, we cannot say the Tax Court clearly erred in concluding, as a factual
matter, that Mrs. McNamara, Mrs. Bot, and Mrs. Hennen were required--by their
respective employment agreements or by more informal “arrangements”--to materially
participate in agricultural production and management, and that all three did in fact
materially participate in those activities. See Treas. Reg. § 1.1402(a)-4(b) (as amended
in 1980).

       More promising, however, is taxpayers’ argument that the lessor-lessee
relationships should stand on their own apart from the employer-employee
relationships. To this end, taxpayers insist that the rents in question were consistent
with market rates for agricultural land. In fact, the transcripts of each trial contain
uncontradicted testimony that the rents were at or slightly below fair market value.
(McNamara Supp. App. at 7; Bot Supp. App. at 6-7; Hennen Supp. App. at 4.) The
Tax Court’s decision, however, contains no factual finding in this regard. Moreover,
the Commissioner apparently did not pursue the issue at trial because, as it contended
at oral argument, the amount of the rent is irrelevant. We disagree.

       What is missing from both the Commissioner’s and the Tax Court’s analyses is
any mention of a nexus between the rents received by Taxpayers and the “arrangement”
that requires the landlords’ material participation. We believe this omission overlooks
§ 1402(a)(1)’s requirement that rents be “derived under” such an arrangement. That
is to say, the mere existence of an arrangement requiring and resulting in material
participation in agricultural production does not automatically transform rents received

                                           7
by the landowner into self-employment income. It is only where the payment of those
rents comprise part of such an arrangement that such rents can be said to derive from
the arrangement.

       Rents that are consistent with market rates very strongly suggest that the rental
arrangement stands on its own as an independent transaction and cannot be said to be
part of an “arrangement” for participation in agricultural production. Although the
Commissioner is correct that, unlike other provisions in the Code, § 1402(a)(1)
contains no explicit safe-harbor provision for fair market value transactions, we
conclude that this is the practical effect of the “derived under” language.

       At this point, the only evidence in the record is that the rents in question were
at or below market rates. However, we believe the Commissioner is entitled to an
opportunity to show a connection between those rents and the production arrangement
it identified.

      Accordingly, these matters are remanded to the Tax Court for further
proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

      A true copy.

             Attest:

                CLERK, U. S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                                           8