#[doc = "Reader of register TXBRP"]
pub type R = crate::R<u32, super::TXBRP>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP0`"]
pub type TRP0_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP1`"]
pub type TRP1_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP2`"]
pub type TRP2_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP3`"]
pub type TRP3_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP4`"]
pub type TRP4_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP5`"]
pub type TRP5_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP6`"]
pub type TRP6_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP7`"]
pub type TRP7_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP8`"]
pub type TRP8_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP9`"]
pub type TRP9_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP10`"]
pub type TRP10_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP11`"]
pub type TRP11_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP12`"]
pub type TRP12_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP13`"]
pub type TRP13_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP14`"]
pub type TRP14_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP15`"]
pub type TRP15_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP16`"]
pub type TRP16_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP17`"]
pub type TRP17_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP18`"]
pub type TRP18_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP19`"]
pub type TRP19_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP20`"]
pub type TRP20_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP21`"]
pub type TRP21_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP22`"]
pub type TRP22_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP23`"]
pub type TRP23_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP24`"]
pub type TRP24_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP25`"]
pub type TRP25_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP26`"]
pub type TRP26_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP27`"]
pub type TRP27_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP28`"]
pub type TRP28_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP29`"]
pub type TRP29_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP30`"]
pub type TRP30_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
#[doc = "Reader of field `TRP31`"]
pub type TRP31_R = crate::R<bool, bool>;
impl R {
    #[doc = "Bit 0 - Transmission Request Pending 0"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp0(&self) -> TRP0_R {
        TRP0_R::new((self.bits & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 1 - Transmission Request Pending 1"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp1(&self) -> TRP1_R {
        TRP1_R::new(((self.bits >> 1) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 2 - Transmission Request Pending 2"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp2(&self) -> TRP2_R {
        TRP2_R::new(((self.bits >> 2) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 3 - Transmission Request Pending 3"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp3(&self) -> TRP3_R {
        TRP3_R::new(((self.bits >> 3) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 4 - Transmission Request Pending 4"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp4(&self) -> TRP4_R {
        TRP4_R::new(((self.bits >> 4) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 5 - Transmission Request Pending 5"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp5(&self) -> TRP5_R {
        TRP5_R::new(((self.bits >> 5) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 6 - Transmission Request Pending 6"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp6(&self) -> TRP6_R {
        TRP6_R::new(((self.bits >> 6) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 7 - Transmission Request Pending 7"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp7(&self) -> TRP7_R {
        TRP7_R::new(((self.bits >> 7) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 8 - Transmission Request Pending 8"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp8(&self) -> TRP8_R {
        TRP8_R::new(((self.bits >> 8) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 9 - Transmission Request Pending 9"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp9(&self) -> TRP9_R {
        TRP9_R::new(((self.bits >> 9) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 10 - Transmission Request Pending 10"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp10(&self) -> TRP10_R {
        TRP10_R::new(((self.bits >> 10) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 11 - Transmission Request Pending 11"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp11(&self) -> TRP11_R {
        TRP11_R::new(((self.bits >> 11) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 12 - Transmission Request Pending 12"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp12(&self) -> TRP12_R {
        TRP12_R::new(((self.bits >> 12) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 13 - Transmission Request Pending 13"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp13(&self) -> TRP13_R {
        TRP13_R::new(((self.bits >> 13) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 14 - Transmission Request Pending 14"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp14(&self) -> TRP14_R {
        TRP14_R::new(((self.bits >> 14) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 15 - Transmission Request Pending 15"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp15(&self) -> TRP15_R {
        TRP15_R::new(((self.bits >> 15) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 16 - Transmission Request Pending 16"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp16(&self) -> TRP16_R {
        TRP16_R::new(((self.bits >> 16) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 17 - Transmission Request Pending 17"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp17(&self) -> TRP17_R {
        TRP17_R::new(((self.bits >> 17) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 18 - Transmission Request Pending 18"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp18(&self) -> TRP18_R {
        TRP18_R::new(((self.bits >> 18) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 19 - Transmission Request Pending 19"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp19(&self) -> TRP19_R {
        TRP19_R::new(((self.bits >> 19) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 20 - Transmission Request Pending 20"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp20(&self) -> TRP20_R {
        TRP20_R::new(((self.bits >> 20) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 21 - Transmission Request Pending 21"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp21(&self) -> TRP21_R {
        TRP21_R::new(((self.bits >> 21) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 22 - Transmission Request Pending 22"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp22(&self) -> TRP22_R {
        TRP22_R::new(((self.bits >> 22) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 23 - Transmission Request Pending 23"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp23(&self) -> TRP23_R {
        TRP23_R::new(((self.bits >> 23) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 24 - Transmission Request Pending 24"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp24(&self) -> TRP24_R {
        TRP24_R::new(((self.bits >> 24) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 25 - Transmission Request Pending 25"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp25(&self) -> TRP25_R {
        TRP25_R::new(((self.bits >> 25) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 26 - Transmission Request Pending 26"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp26(&self) -> TRP26_R {
        TRP26_R::new(((self.bits >> 26) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 27 - Transmission Request Pending 27"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp27(&self) -> TRP27_R {
        TRP27_R::new(((self.bits >> 27) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 28 - Transmission Request Pending 28"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp28(&self) -> TRP28_R {
        TRP28_R::new(((self.bits >> 28) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 29 - Transmission Request Pending 29"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp29(&self) -> TRP29_R {
        TRP29_R::new(((self.bits >> 29) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 30 - Transmission Request Pending 30"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp30(&self) -> TRP30_R {
        TRP30_R::new(((self.bits >> 30) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
    #[doc = "Bit 31 - Transmission Request Pending 31"]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn trp31(&self) -> TRP31_R {
        TRP31_R::new(((self.bits >> 31) & 0x01) != 0)
    }
}


// Copyright 2016 Canonical Ltd.
// Licensed under the AGPLv3, see LICENCE file for details.

package hostkeyreporter_test

import (
	"errors"

	"github.com/juju/names/v4"
	"github.com/juju/testing"
	jc "github.com/juju/testing/checkers"
	gc "gopkg.in/check.v1"

	basetesting "github.com/juju/juju/api/base/testing"
	"github.com/juju/juju/api/hostkeyreporter"
	"github.com/juju/juju/apiserver/params"
)

type facadeSuite struct {
	testing.IsolationSuite
}

var _ = gc.Suite(&facadeSuite{})

func (s *facadeSuite) TestReportKeys(c *gc.C) {
	stub := new(testing.Stub)
	apiCaller := basetesting.APICallerFunc(func(
		objType string, version int,
		id, request string,
		args, response interface{},
	) error {
		c.Check(objType, gc.Equals, "HostKeyReporter")
		c.Check(version, gc.Equals, 0)
		c.Check(id, gc.Equals, "")
		stub.AddCall(request, args)
		*response.(*params.ErrorResults) = params.ErrorResults{
			Results: []params.ErrorResult{{
				(*params.Error)(nil),
			}},
		}
		return nil
	})
	facade := hostkeyreporter.NewFacade(apiCaller)

	err := facade.ReportKeys("42", []string{"rsa", "dsa"})
	c.Assert(err, jc.ErrorIsNil)

	stub.CheckCalls(c, []testing.StubCall{{
		"ReportKeys", []interface{}{params.SSHHostKeySet{
			EntityKeys: []params.SSHHostKeys{{
				Tag:        names.NewMachineTag("42").String(),
				PublicKeys: []string{"rsa", "dsa"},
			}},
		}},
	}})
}

func (s *facadeSuite) TestCallError(c *gc.C) {
	apiCaller := basetesting.APICallerFunc(func(
		objType string, version int,
		id, request string,
		args, response interface{},
	) error {
		return errors.New("blam")
	})
	facade := hostkeyreporter.NewFacade(apiCaller)

	err := facade.ReportKeys("42", []string{"rsa", "dsa"})
	c.Assert(err, gc.ErrorMatches, "blam")
}

func (s *facadeSuite) TestInnerError(c *gc.C) {
	apiCaller := basetesting.APICallerFunc(func(
		objType string, version int,
		id, request string,
		args, response interface{},
	) error {
		*response.(*params.ErrorResults) = params.ErrorResults{
			Results: []params.ErrorResult{{
				&params.Error{Message: "blam"},
			}},
		}
		return nil
	})
	facade := hostkeyreporter.NewFacade(apiCaller)

	err := facade.ReportKeys("42", []string{"rsa", "dsa"})
	c.Assert(err, gc.ErrorMatches, "blam")
}


rosterSync - Admin Edition

rosterSync-Admin Edition/

Administrators & Domain Admins

When launching Google Classroom school wide, a barrier to adoption can be connecting student accounts to their corresponding teacher. This Add-On allows super admins to create and update Google Classroom rosters using student information systems, CSV exports, and data stored in Google Sheets.

FLEXIBLE IMPORT AND MATCHING

This interface accommodates a wide variety of SIS sources allowing multiple sources to be joined together to create student rosters for teachers. Easily match sources from Blackbaud, Infinite, or Power School!

CREATE WITHOUT CONTROLLING

Provisions new Classroom courses, but does not activate them, allowing teachers control over whether or not to "accept" the Classroom course (and preventing students from seeing courses Teachers are not yet ready to moderate).


Q:

Increase security of sign up form code

Does my PHP look secure enough for a sign up form?
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("host","user","password","db_name");
$sql="INSERT INTO users values (?, ?, ?)";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($con,$sql)) {
  mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sss",
    $_POST["username"], $_POST["pwd"], $_POST["email"]);
  if (mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)) {
    echo "User added!";
  }
}

A:

It looks like you have a good and solid Insert, probably pretty safe, but this still allows a user to enter data into the database that could be run at a later time,  you should still check the input coming in before inserting it into the Database even though it has been "prepared".
The prepare just means that the insert will not break anything, but if you run a SQL Query on the information in that column where someone has entered SQL injection Characters it could still crash the database.
Please make sure the input is safe all the way around.  Alert the user that they cannot enter certain characters but be aware you are asking for an e-mail address there too. The Password should be encrypted, not sure whether you should do that here or in the Database itself, probably in the PHP, but that is another review altogether.


By itself, 5-HTP isn’t very effective at relieving opiate withdrawal symptoms, however, when it’s taken with other natural supplements, the results can be SIMPLY AMAZING (more on this a little later). 😎

5-HTP Overview

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan.

5-HTP is a chemical by-product of the protein building block L-tryptophan. It is also produced commercially from the seeds of an African plant (Griffonia simplicifolia).

5-HTP works in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) by increasing the production of the chemical serotonin.Serotonin can affect:

Sleep

Appetite

Temperature

Sexual behavior

Pain sensation

Since 5-HTP increases the synthesis of serotonin, it is used for many conditions where serotonin is believed to play an important role.

Here are just a few common examples:

Insomnia

Anxiety

Migraines

PMS

Obesity

Depression

Opiate withdrawal

Prescription-Strength Supplement

5-HTP is sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement in the US, Canada, and the UK for use as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid.

It is also marketed in many European countries for the indication of major depression under various trade names. Thus, using 5-HTP is an inexpensive and powerful way to increase serotonin quickly and naturally…and higher levels of serotonin can directly lead to feelings of being “emotionally relaxed” and content.

My Experience Using 5-HTP

Though I never used 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal, I did use the dietary supplement for a few weeks when I was 29 years old. I was living in upstate New York, it was the middle of winter, and the lack of sunshine was starting to affect my mood negatively.

I lived in Southern California for 27 years before moving to New York, so I wasn’t used to going 30 days in a row without warm sunshine!

Anyways, long story short, a friend of mine told me he was enjoying the benefits of supplementing with 5-HTP for his depression.

I wasn’t depressed, but I was close to it, and I QUICKLY went to the store and bought the same brand and dosage of 5-HTP that he was using.

The 5-HTP worked very well at boosting my serotonin and enhancing my mood.

However, after a few weeks, I wasn’t receiving the same benefits, and it started to give me nausea (a common side effect). Luckily spring was just around the corner, and I made it out of winter just fine.

5-HTP Precautions

If you’ve liked what you’ve read about 5-HTP so far, then you may be considering using 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal. If you’re looking for a natural supplement to reduce withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, depression,pain, and insomnia, then 5-HTP might be able to help.

However, 5-HTP reacts with certain medications, conditions, etc., so it’s very important that you are aware of the possible dangers of using 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal.

Before you decide to use 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal, please review the following links:

How To Use 5-HTP For Opiate Withdrawal

To use 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal, it’s really as simple as buying the supplement and swallowing a few pills per day. There are many different 5-HTP products to choose from, and I recommend purchasing something that is very high-quality since there are a lot of bogus supplement companies out there nowadays. The product I like the best is 5-HTP Gold.

To use 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal, please review the following guidelines:

Use a high-quality 5-HTP supplement.

5-HTP is best absorbed when taken on an empty stomach.

Take low dosages of 100 mg during the day.

At nighttime 30 minutes before bed take up to 300 mg to help induce sleep.

Most Powerful Way To Use 5-HTP For Opiate Withdrawal

Using 5-HTP for opiate withdrawal helps, but it only relieves a small portion of the symptoms. It doesn’t help with fatigue, gastrointestinal upset, sweating, hot and cold flashes, and nausea.

Furthermore, it doesn’t replenish your brain with dopamine and endorphins…two important neurotransmitters that become severely deficient during opiate withdrawal. That’s why it’s important to use other natural supplements combined with 5-HTP.

There is a SUPER POWERFULOpiate Withdrawal Supplement that contains 5-HTP and many other beneficial nutrients for reducing opiate withdrawal symptoms. If I ever had to go through opiate withdrawal again, you can be sure that I would be ordering a 30-day supply of this stuff to ease my symptoms.

If you can afford it, I also highly recommend taking this awesome supplement, because the benefits are just too good to pass up.

Matt Finch

Matt helps men and women that are dependent on opiates learn how to get off these drugs without getting sick. He is a former opiate addict and a former Substance Abuse Counselor at an Opiate Treatment Program (OTP). Matt has since become an Opiate Recovery Coach, Author, and Speaker.

COMMENT DISCLAIMER

The information we provide while responding to comments is not intended to provide and does not constitute medical, legal, or other professional advice. The responses to comments on OpiateAddictionSupport.com are designed to support, not replace, medical or psychiatric treatment. Please seek professional care if you believe you may have a condition.

Reader Interactions

Comments

Hi Matt, day 11 of no opiates. Very fatigued. My dlpa came in though so I now have all the supplements you suggested including calm support. Question, I have some 5htp but it scared me when I read side effects. Should I take this with everything else or just pass it up? Also have st. Johnswort. Also I want to stop the gabapentin completely but now am having some sleeping issues. Would it be ok to use the pregabin now? Thank you again for All the educated wisdom!

Congrats Jackie! And the 5-HTP can help tremendously for the sleeping issues. You could take up to 300 mg an hour before bed. That typically helps sleep a lot. If you’re concerned about side effects, you could start off with the lowest dose you have and try that to see how you feel on it.

You could also take some pregabalin but that is very similar to gabapentin, only much, much stronger. Some people in your situation just drop down to using gabapentin or pregabalin at night before bed at this phase, then start to lower their amounts by a taper over time.

Matt, thank you so much for your blogs. The Wealth of inforMation has helped my loved one find some relief. However, he is still struggling w no sleep. He sleeps for a couple hours 3 tops and then is tossing and turning. Maybe 30 min naps when he can during the day. He is 3 weeks clean of suboxone. He used Kratom for 2 of those weeks and it helped w withdrawal but still the sleep was not right. He stopped the kratom BC Of side effects and the fear of addiction to it. He is now taking DLPA, melatonin, a good multi vitamin, b 12, vitamin d, Passion flower extract, and some restless leg all natural med a friend told him about. We’ve tried different combinations of all of these listed. Depression is the other enemy we are currently battling. It’s been the worst part of this battle. He was clean of all drugs for about 3 years. Until he went back to suboxone. Before that he was a full blown addict and did multiple drugs including methadone, heroin, and other pills.

We’ve even tried lavender oil in a diffuser. Epsom salt bathes w lavender oil etc. it helps but nothing seems to really work. He’s ready to stop all vitamins Bc he doesn’t think they are helping. Please help me help him find a solution that works.

We are trying CBD oil as soon as the order comes in.

Can you recommend a formula please ? He works a full time job has joint custody of his kids and is trying to get his life on track. You are the only place that has been helpful. Please help us. We don’t want to buy things that aren’t helping.

Matt, I would just like to thank you for taking your passion and sharing it with the world. You have helped me many times over. Its upsetting that some people (ahem Roxie) could give you any kind of grief when you are trying put the info out there for others that are suffering. Thanks for your sacrifices and please know you are helping so many people. Dont let the occasional Roxie discourage your immensely helpful path.

Thank you for the kind words and feedback. I’m very fulfilled creating these free articles to share with the world. I sincerely appreciate you taking the time to leave a comment, and I wish you all the best in the world. Take care. 🙂

Matt, I detoxed from years of taking vicodin and ambien at the same time. Only took suboxone a few times and thought it was all over and done. I am now going through the worst I think it’s called paws. I ordered the DL Phenalilaline as well as calm support but I haven’t received it and I was so desperate that I went to gnc and bought a bottle of 5-htp of 200 mg. I took 1 1/2 per day and at first it helped me feel better but 2 days later I’m feeling worse than ever. Please let me know if I’m not,taking enough or any advice.

Hi Olga, taking one or two supplements might not be enough to ease your opiate withdrawal symptoms in the manner that you are hoping for. Often times people will use a combination of many supplements, and perhaps medications as well. Disclaimer: This is for informational use only, and is not medical advice. Always consult with a doctor before trying any new supplements.

Thanks for your reply. Since then I finally received my DL PHENALILALINE and also the Tulsa tea and the calm support. I take about 2000 mg of the phenalilaline per day and 1 calm support in the morning and 1 at night. Little better but still need something more. Please let me know what else would help in a way that would mske a difference or whether I can take more of the calm support instead of only 2 per day. Please I’m afraid to overdo it but I’m desperate.

Thanks so much! I thought of asking my doc for a script of Tylenol 3 too ease off of these horrendous symptoms but that’s probably not a good idea because I think that’s also considered an opiate right?

Matt Im so sorry, I was in the place of extreme anger at everyone, I am now on neurotin and the fls is gone im still sleeping 2-3 hours at night BUT i stopped the xanax. it has been over 30 days now but tonight was night one of no ultram 50 mg,and i did well, i feel better during the day, i have some energy , the vitamins and mierals are a life saver, again i am sorry!! I feel awful, that is not the person i am, but it wss the person i became on subs..

Have you ever heard of Kratom for opiate withdrawals? And if you have what is your opinion? Really trying to get off opiates, trying to figure out the best ways to make it as comfortable as possible! Thank you!

i found This, and am now concerned with taking the 5-HTp as the possible interactions are a lot of what most of of us are taking.. your take on this ?Interactions (i did read the interactions you posted and did find them helpful as well ty)

Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods.(<<<Yeah this doesn't bother me )The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.

Interactions with Drugs

Note: 5-HTP is a precursor to serotonin; thus, it may interact with agents that modulate levels of serotonin.

5-HTP may cause low blood pressure. Caution is advised in patients taking drugs that lower blood pressure. 5-HTP may interfere with the way the body processes certain drugs using the liver's cytochrome P450 enzyme system. As a result, the levels of these drugs may be increased or decreased in the blood, and may cause increased or decreased effects or potentially serious adverse reactions. Patients using any medications should check the package insert and speak with a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist, about possible interactions. *5-HTP may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs. Examples include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan®) or diazepam (Valium®), barbiturates such as phenobarbital, narcotics such as codeine, some antidepressants, and alcohol. Caution is advised while driving or operating machinery. *5-HTP may interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor blockers (ARBs), antianxiety agents (such as buspirone and trazodone), anticancer agents, antidepressants (including monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAOIs] such as L-deprenyl, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs] such as venlafaxine, tetracyclics such as mirtazapine, or tricyclics [TCAs]), anti-inflammatories, antiobesity agents (such as phentermine), antiseizure agents, antipsychotic agents (such as haloperidol), barbiturates (such as pentobarbital), benzodiazepines, benzylpiperazine, cannabinoids (such as tetrahydrocannabinol), cholesterol-lowering agents, CNS depressants, decarboxylase inhibitors (such as carbidopa and benserazide), diltiazem, drugs that lower seizure threshold, growth hormones, hormonal agents, lithium carbonate, losartan, methamphetamine, metoclopramide, painkillers, sedatives, serotonin receptor antagonists (such as methysergide, nefazodone, cyproheptadine, and ritanserin), or thyroid hormones. Interactions with Herbs and Dietary Supplements

5-HTP may cause low blood pressure. Caution is advised in patients taking herbs or supplements that lower blood pressure. 5-HTP may interfere with the way the body processes certain herbs or supplements using the liver's cytochrome P450 enzyme system. As a result, the levels of other herbs or supplements may become too high or too low in the blood. It may also alter the effects that other herbs or supplements possibly have on the P450 system. 5-HTP may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some herbs or supplements. *5-HTP may interact with Alpinia zerumbet, antianxiety agents (such as St. John's wort), anticancer agents, antidepressants (including monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAOIs] and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), anti-inflammatories, antiobesity agents, antioxidants, antiseizure agents, antipsychotics, cannabinoids, cholesterol-lowering agents, chromium, herbs that lower the seizure threshold, hormonal herbs and supplements, jujubosides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow,* L-tyrosine, magnesium, melatonin, niacin, painkillers, protein, SAMe, sedatives, serotonin receptor antagonists, spinosin, theanine, thyroid herbs and supplements, tryptophan, tryptophan-containing foods, or vitamin B6. References ( the * are the ones I remember from other remedies.)( Especially the L-tyrosine)

Are you kidding me? I do this because I am PASSIONATE about opiate addiction recovery. And also, it costs me over $400 to run this website, not to mention I put hours upon hours upon hours into writing articles, researching and testing supplements, creating online courses, etc. Affiliate marketing helps offset these costs and the huge amount of time I put into it. And I only recommend products I have either personally used and have benefited from, or products I have done much research on that appear very high-quality and have a lot of really good reviews.

funny,ive qsk3d a lot of questions and this is the only one you choose to answer! I bought the lipo C for 80 dollars not 400 but then the emidrol you recommend is 150 dollars, so i buy this updates Vitamin C, only to find when i go back to check the dosage you have taken it off because how it doesn’t work? I might be the only one writing to you, but I Have a lot of people who if I screw this up will never attempt to get off of the suboxone, people i love,I realize you’re not a dr, but please don’t take offense when you promote a specific treatment say its the best, them take it down claiming now it doesn’t work!! I am taking CVS 5-HTP, I am not taking the emidrol, I came here to find what other drug I am supposed to take with it to be effective ? I certainly do appreciate this information, but when i read calm ease and emidrol and then Kratom , mega dose vit C, then thomas recipe ARE all fantastic and work fantastically,then you take one back, I am a human who wonders okay 1 was he addicted all these times taking each one, no, he says that 2, why wouldn’t he try the high dose C not ascorbate, and follow up instead of listening to one man, and saying it makes sense then saying well no it doesn’t work for suboxone or methadone users. 3 kratom gets you high doesn’t that defeat the purpose of us tapering off, which took me a year, and i have no DR to ask most of us don’t. So I am extremely sorry if i hurt your sensibilities, but I am fighting for my life!!! Aso while i doubt this will stay up, I like to read, people on lot of your pages are begging for answers just an FYI, i realize now it cost to 400 dollars and more in time and energy, and as addicts were not exactly a giving lot while were addicted but put up a paypal and ask for donations you may be surprised!! I do thank you for all the info, It has been 16 days off of subs and the fog is starting to lift, Thanks to the tapering i did and thanks to the recipe you posted!!

I agree with you, brother. Most folks have no idea how and why a blog even comes into existence – For many of us, it started with a PASSION to help or fix or make the world better. And then we pay a ton of money and dump a lot of our time into its creation. And it lives and breathes as an extension of us. And maintaining a blog… that’s just so demanding and fulfilling too. Great job, I say. Thanks for your contribution to humanity.

you can manipulate your qi. in other words, what do you want? qi is breath . what do you want to do? keep on keekin on? get on with it then. want to stop? listen to your heart. what does it say? M.r. Finich has all these suggestions. i will chime in to. what do you want? forget about all the suggestions. what do you want?

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Llega la V Ruta de Tapas de Pacífico en el distrito de Retiro. 5º aniversario dónde se ha convertido ya en uno de los mejores eventos de la ciudad de Madrid.

Este año 24 establecimientos se engalanan del 7 al 10 de noviembre para ofrecer sus mejores propuestas gastronómicas con el acompañamiento de una cerveza por 2,5€ y con refresco por 3€.

El año pasado se superó el record de asistencia y venta con más de 5.500 visitas a los establecimientos participantes y con más de 25.000 tapas vendidas en solo 4 días.

Las cocinas del barrio de Pacífico han diseñado sus tapas gourmet en diferentes formatos; tostas, cazuelitas, pinchos o en vaso.

Pacífico bocado a bocado

Este barrio al Sur de Retiro se ha convertido en un punto gastronómico de referencia durante el mes de Noviembre que da cierre anual al fenómeno de las denominadas rutas de tapas.

Este año la propuesta gastronómica recorre todos los espectros de la comida típica española como son los platos de cuchara, también podremos mancharnos las manos con gusto con suculentas tostas y pinchos, y experimentar la innovación culinaria en vaso o en saquitos de comida.

Las 24 propuestas groumet las puedes encontrar en la web de Sigue La Tapa con sus direcciones y horarios para que puedas hacer la ruta que más te guste.

Premios y sorteos

Este año los premios vienen cargados de sorpresas. Y es gracias a los patrocinadores Tecnocasa Retiro y a GVOMadrid.com que un año más se suman a la experiencia gastronómica más popular de Pacífico.

Para poder optar a los premios solo tienes que sellar tu rutero con al menos 5 tapas y entregarlo relleno en alguna de las urnas disponibles antes de que termine el evento o mediante con una foto por email en siguelatapa@gmail.com e incluso por WhatsApp en el 667 80 40 76.

Una vez hecho podrás entrar en el sorteo de 1 pack de cervezas artesanas y una cata para 2 personas gentileza de Espuma, tienda de cervezas.

Pero hay más, si durante los 4 días de ruta utilizas el hashtag #RutaDeTapasPacifico y etiquetas a la cuenta de Sigue La Tapa entrarás en el sorteo de un Pack Jameson Limited Edition.

¡A qué estás esperando! Apúntate del 7 al 10 de noviembre a la 5ª edición de la Ruta de Tapas de Pacífico!

Descarga tu rutero aquí.


Leukemogenesis: small differences in Myb have large effects.
The avian retroviruses E26 and AMV carry mutated versions of the gene encoding the cellular transcription factor c-Myb. Surprisingly, these two mutant forms of Myb differ in the subsets of myeloid cells that they transform, the target genes that they activate, and the way in which they are regulated.


Donald Trump hates New Jersey. Here's proof.

President Donald Trump is balking at contributing federal funding to a new rail tunnel beneath the Hudson River -- the latest sign that Trump has little concern when New Jersey is hurt by his policy decisions.

More: NJ death penalty: These GOP lawmakers want to bring it back

More: School funding: Is former AP super Lamont Repollet the best pick to lead NJ?

With a Republican in the White House and the GOP controlling both the House and the Senate, it's to be expected that Democratic-leaning states such as New Jersey and their taxpayers are going to feel some pain, said Carl Golden, a political analyst with the Hughes Center for Public Policy at Stockton College.

There was a time Trump on-the-record loathed New Jersey's political leaders, but it was many years ago, Golden said -- when Trump had an Atlantic City casino empire, and he found himself going up against another powerful casino mogul, Steve Wynn, then head of Mirage Resorts, which planned to build a Vegas-style casino in the city's Marina District.

MORE: Donald Trump doesn't mind trashing NJ for political gain

A fight over building a tunnel connecting the Atlantic City Expressway to the marina district led Trump and Wynn to file lawsuits. Trump in 1996 vowed the tunnel was "not going to happen'' but it was completed in 2001. "That's when he hated everybody in New Jersey,'' Golden recalled.

Golden on Monday said he's sure there's been no carryover of hard feelings.

But is Trump really capable of letting bygones be bygones? Here's where the Trump-New Jersey relationship is lately:

The Hudson River tunnel debacle

A story from Bloomberg has this for a headline: "How Trump’s Hudson Tunnel Feud

Threatens the National Economy.'' It's no exaggeration.

"The current link is shot, corroded by age and chemical-tainted flood water. That’s unnerving enough for the 820,000 passengers a day traveling to New York City jobs or some other U.S. Northeast destination,'' the story says.

More: Trump: Kill all federal money for Gateway tunnel

More: NJ marijuana legalization: Businesses don't need weed license to make money

No big deal for Trump. He reportedly personally asked House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., last week to drop any federal money for the $30 billion project.

Who suffers more than most? "In 2014, 14 percent of Manhattan’s workforce consisted of New Jersey residents, and 8 percent of all New Jersey workers commute to Manhattan,'' the Bloomberg story says. "The total income earned in Manhattan by New Jersey commuters is at least $33 billion annually.''

For more on the proposed Gateway project, watch the video at the top of the page. The story continues after the photo gallery below.

Trump's tax bill punishes some in New Jersey

Trump's tax overhaul is unpopular in New Jersey due in part because it limits the state and local tax (SALT) deduction – which Garden State homeowners had relied on to avoid paying “double” on property taxes both locally and federally– to $10,000 per household. Thirteen out of 14 members of New Jersey’s Congressional delegation voted no on the bill, including 4 of 5 Republicans. Only Rep. Tom MacArthur, R-Ocean County, voted in favor.

Trump's threat to drill, baby, drill near NJ

Of late it seems the Trump administration's proposal to drill off New Jersey might be pulled back, but the U.S. Department of the Interior initially wanted to allow more than 90 percent of U.S. ocean waters to be leased by energy companies for the purpose of potentially extracting oil and gas from beneath the seabed.

New Jersey politicians, both Republicans and Democrats, made the case that drilling activity here could lead to oil spills that will harm marine life, the state's coastal economy and Shore residents' quality of life.

Finally, some good news last week, with Reps. Chris Smith and MacArthur reporting that drilling exploration off New Jersey may not be a priority for the administration, and that those waters could be formally removed from consideration, pending a formal process. "We may have dodged a major bullet," Smith said.

Bob Jordan bjordan@gannettnj.com


Chuck Norris has starred in such action films as 'Return of the Dragon' and 'Missing in Action.' He also starred on the hit TV series 'Walker, Texas Ranger.'

Who Is Chuck Norris? Born on March 10, 1940, Chuck Norris started studying martial arts in Korea in the 1950s. He was serving in the U.S. Air Force at the time. When he returned home, Norris soon opened his karate studio. He switched to movies in the 1970s, appearing with Bruce Lee in Way of the Dragon. Norris became a popular action-film star in the 1980s and starred in his own television series in the 1990s.

Early Years The oldest of three boys, Chuck Norris once described himself as "the shy kid who never excelled at anything in school." His father was an alcoholic who all but disappeared from Norris' life after his parents divorced. At the age of 10, Norris moved with his mother and brothers to California. There, he attended North Torrance High School. Norris married his high school sweetheart, Dianne Holechek, in 1958 -- the same year he joined the U.S. Air Force. While stationed at the Osan Air Base in South Korea, he began studying martial arts. He left the service in 1962, and started working as a karate instructor.

Martial Arts Expert In the 1960s, Norris opened more than 30 karate studios. He taught several celebrities, including Priscilla Presley and actor Steve McQueen. McQueen encouraged his teacher to try acting. In addition to being an instructor, Norris also was a fierce competitor. He participated in numerous martial arts tournaments, and he won many of the events he competed in. Norris earned his first World Middleweight Karate Championship title in 1968. Proving to be one of the greatest fighters in martial arts, he defended this title five more times. He decided to retire after his 1974 victory.

Film and Television Star While he had made one brief film appearance previously, Norris made more of an impact on movie-goers in 1972's Way of the Dragon (also known as Return of the Dragon in the United States). One of the highlights of the film was a fight scene between Norris and martial arts action star Bruce Lee, staged in the famed Roman Colosseum. In 1977, Norris had his first starring role in the action film Breaker! Breaker!. Movie audiences loved to watch him mete out swift justice to bad guys in such films as Good Guys Wear Black and Forced Vengeance. In Missing in Action (1984), Norris played a former prisoner of war who returns to Vietnam to free other soldiers still being held. He did this film and its sequels as a tribute to his younger brother, Wieland, who died in combat in Vietnam. Norris received warmer reviews for his cop movie, Code of Silence (1985), and teamed up with the legendary tough guy Lee Marvin for the military action film The Delta Force (1986). Norris' box-office appeal, however, was beginning to fade by the early 1990s. No longer making hit movies, he made the switch to the small screen with Walker, Texas Ranger. Norris played Cordell Walker, an honorable crime fighter, for eight years. The show had a strong following, and was still faring well in the ratings when it went off the air in 2001. Since then, Norris has taken on few acting roles. He has also served as a product spokesperson, appearing in infomercials for exercise equipment.

Philanthropist and Activist Norris has been a longtime supporter of numerous charities, including the Make-A-Wish Foundation and the United Way. In 1992, Norris started his own charitable organization called Kickstart with help from President George Bush. Kickstart provides martial arts training to middle-school students to learn respect and discipline and to improve their self-esteem. Politically conservative, Norris has campaigned on behalf of Republican candidates. He backed George Bush in the 1988 presidential election and supported Mike Huckabee in the 2008 race for the Republican nomination. A believer in the Constitution's Second Amendment, Norris has worked with the National Rifle Association to oppose some legislation on restricting gun ownership. HISTORY Car Week Special Some of the most innovative and mindboggling cars are not on the streets – they are helping the military pound the pavement and cross terrain around the world. From an amphibious truck that can charge over deep sea and water in a flash, to a six-wheeled Humvee with more firepower than some tanks – Norris will take viewers on a tour through the wildest vehicles in the history of the Armed Forces in the one-hour HISTORY Car Week special Chuck Norris's Epic Guide to Military Vehicles. The special airs Monday, July 8 at 9/8c.

Personal Life Chuck Norris has been married twice. He has three children from his first marriage to Dianne Holechek. The couple divorced in 1988. In 1998, Norris married Gena O'Kelley and they welcomed twins three years later. Norris loves speed, and has competed in off-shore powerboat competitions. In 1997, he reached an important martial arts milestone, becoming the first man in the Western Hemisphere to earn an 8th degree Black Belt Grand Master title. Possessing a more contemplative side, Norris has written several books. He published his autobiography, The Secret of Inner Strength, in 1988, which became a bestseller. A few years later, Norris penned a self-help tome, The Secret Power Within: Zen Solutions to Real Problems. In 2007, Norris was made an honorary U.S. Marine for his years of support of the military, in particular wounded servicemen.


Biochemical genetics of the alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes of Escherichia coli K12: isolation and biochemical properties of deletion mutants.
Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 with deletions in the nadC-lpd region of the chromosome were obtained for use in studies on the expression of the ace (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, specific components) and lpd (lipomide dehydrogenase) genes. These were isolated by selecting spontaneous aroP mutants (lacking the general aromatic amino-acid permease and thus resistant to inhibitory aromatic amino-acid analogues) and screening for auxotrophy due to deletions extending into neighbouring genes. From 2892 isolates tested, the AroP- phenotypes of 2322 were confirmed and, of these, 28 stable and independently-derived auxotrophos were designated as deletion mutants. Six nutritionally-distinct categories were recognized: Nad- (8 strains); Nad-Ace-(7): Nad-'Ace-' (3); Ace- (8); 'Ace-' (I); Lpd-(I). The Ace- phenotypes of four isolates designated 'Ace-' were leaky and enzymological studies confirmed that they had less than 7% of parental pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Enzymological studies showed that the 15 Ace- or Nad-Ace- strains all lacked the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase (EIp) activities and only three retained detectable dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2p). The one Lpd- strain lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities as well as the activities of the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. The results confirmed the gene order nadC-aroP-aceE-aceF-lpd and indicated that no other essential functions are determined by genes within the nadC-lpd region. Resistance to lactate during growth of pps mutants on acetate was directly related to the specific activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. None of the deletions promoted the high degree of resistance characteristically associated with constitutive expression of the dehydrogenase complex. Six pps mutants having Ace+ or 'Ace-' phenotypes were more sensitive than the parental strains and expression of their ace operons appeared to be affected; most sensitive were the Ace- strains which lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase activities. The lipoamide dehydrogenase activities of the deletion strains (Lpd+) ranged between 30% and 100% of parental levels indicating that expression of their ace operons appeared to be affected; most sensitive were the Ace- strains which lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase activities. The lipoamide dehydrogenase activities of the deletion strains (Lpd+) ranged between 30% and 100% of parental levels indicating that expression of the lpd gene may be affected by the ace operon but can be independent.


Cellular immune activation in children with acute dengue virus infections is modulated by apoptosis.
Apoptosis is an important modulator of cellular immune responses during systemic viral infections. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apoptosis and plasma soluble levels of CD95, a mediator of apoptosis, were determined in sequential samples from children participating in a prospective study of dengue virus (DV) infections. During the period of defervescence, levels of PBMC apoptosis were higher in children developing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness, than in those with dengue fever (DF) and other, nondengue, febrile illnesses. CD8(+) T lymphocytes made up approximately half of the peak circulating apoptotic PBMCs in DHF and DF. Maximum plasma levels of soluble CD95 were also higher in children with DHF than in those with DF. The level of PBMC apoptosis correlated with dengue disease severity. Apoptosis appears to be involved in modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses to DV infection and is likely involved in the evolution of immune responses in other viral hemorrhagic fevers.


684 F.2d 714
Joseph LAMAR, Petitioner-Appellant,v.Fred BANKS, Warden, Gwinnett County Correctional Institute,Respondent-Appellee.
No. 81-7347.
United States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.
Aug. 26, 1982.

J. M. Raffauf, Decatur, Ga., for petitioner-appellant.
Bryant Huff, Dist. Atty., Michael C. Clark, Asst. Dist. Atty., Lawrenceville, Ga., for respondent-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
Before FAY, VANCE and ARNOLD*, Circuit Judges.
ARNOLD, Circuit Judge:

1
Petitioner Joseph Lamar appeals the denial by the District Court of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.  He alleges, among other things, that the Georgia "fighting words" statute under which he was charged and convicted, Ga.Code § 26-2610(a), is unconstitutional both on its face and as applied to the petitioner.  We hold that the statute is not invalid on its face, but reverse and remand for an evidentiary hearing on Lamar's contention that the statute is unconstitutional as applied to his case.

I.

2
On the morning of October 1, 1979, petitioner, a taxicab driver, picked up a passenger at the Atlanta airport.  The passenger, a female college student, asked to be taken to Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia.1  Instead of taking the young woman to her requested destination, petitioner drove to an area of the city unfamiliar to his passenger and tried to seduce her.  During the course of propositioning the young woman, petitioner made the statement to her that "I bet your honey doesn't have the nine and one-half inch penis I have."2  He also held the woman's hand and insisted that she give him her address and telephone number.  The student was able to persuade petitioner to release her by giving a fictitious address as her residence at Agnes Scott College.

3
As a result of making the comment quoted above to the young woman, petitioner was charged with violating Ga.Code § 26-2610(a), a misdemeanor.3  He was convicted on January 29, 1980, after a non-jury trial in the State Court of DeKalb County, Georgia, and sentenced to the maximum of one year in prison.  The testimony at the trial was neither taken down nor transcribed.4  Petitioner was represented by counsel at his trial.

4
Petitioner then filed a petition for habeas corpus in the Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia, the court having jurisdiction over the person of respondent, his custodian.5  Lamar claimed that his conviction was invalid for essentially the same reasons as he now urges in support of his petition for federal habeas corpus.  Counsel attempted to present testimony "to show ... what context is the words that are charged in the ... accusation, and in what context the words were used," R. 190, but the State objected "to re-trying the case at this time," ibid., and the objection was sustained.  R. 191.  The state habeas hearing consisted largely of argument of counsel, and promptly after the hearing the Superior Court denied the petition on its merits in a written opinion.  Lamar v. Banks, Civil Action No. 80-A-681 (Super.Ct. Gwinnett County, Ga., May 2, 1980).  Application for a certificate of probable cause to appeal was denied by the Supreme Court of Georgia without opinion, Hill, J., dissenting.  Lamar v. Banks, App. No. 1258 (Ga. July 16, 1980).  There is thus no question that state remedies have been fully exhausted.

5
Petitioner filed this federal habeas petition on May 7, 1980, and the case was referred to a magistrate for consideration.  His motion for release on bond pending consideration of his petition was granted by the District Court.6  Petitioner requested an evidentiary hearing, but none was held.  On March 19, 1981, the magistrate issued his report, recommending that petitioner be denied habeas corpus relief.  Petitioner then filed objections to the magistrate's report and recommendation, again requesting an evidentiary hearing, but the District Court, after a review of the magistrate's findings, adopted the report as its own opinion and order.  Petitioner now appeals this decision.

II.

6
Petitioner first attacks the constitutionality of Ga.Code § 26-2610(a) and contends that the statute is invalid on its face.7  Petitioner argues that § 26-2610 as a whole and § 26-2610(a), specifically, have not been limited to "fighting words" and thus may encompass forms of protected speech.  It is clearly apparent, however, that the petitioner was charged with violating only subsection (a) of the statute.  The criminal warrant for his arrest makes a specific reference to § 26-2610(a), and the prosecutor's accusation uses such identifying language8 that there can be no mistake as to which subsection of the statute petitioner was charged with violating.  Petitioner's constitutional challenge must therefore stand or fall on the validity of subsection (a).

7
Because § 26-2610(a) punishes only spoken words, it can withstand a challenge to "its facial constitutionality only if, as authoritatively construed by the Georgia courts, it is not susceptible of application to speech, although vulgar or offensive, that is protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments (citations omitted)."  Gooding v. Wilson, 405 U.S. 518, 520, 92 S.Ct. 1103, 1105, 31 L.Ed.2d 408 (1972).  Petitioner argues that the Georgia state courts have rendered conflicting decisions on the applicability of the statute and that, for this reason, § 26-2610(a) should be declared unconstitutional, as was the statute's predecessor in Gooding v. Wilson, supra.  The Supreme Court in Gooding found that Georgia appellate courts had not construed former Ga.Code § 26-63039 "so as to avoid all constitutional difficulties."  Id. at 528, 92 S.Ct. at 1109 (citing United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs, 402 U.S. 363, 369, 91 S.Ct. 1400, 1404, 28 L.Ed.2d 822 (1971)).  Because the state courts had "applied § 26-6303 to utterances where there was no likelihood that the person addressed would make an immediate violent response," the Supreme Court held the statute unconstitutionally vague and overbroad under the rule of Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, 62 S.Ct. 766, 86 L.Ed. 1031 (1942).  Id. at 528, 92 S.Ct. at 1109.

8
Petitioner cites a number of Georgia appellate decisions as evidence of the inconsistency of the state courts' application of Ga.Code § 26-2610, which was adopted in response to the Supreme Court's decision in Gooding.  His argument would have some force if all of the cases cited involved subsection (a) of § 26-2610; however, many of the decisions concern defendants who were charged with violating subsection (b) of the statute.10  In addition, the cases cited that do involve alleged violations of § 26-2610(a) are not supportive of petitioner's contention.  Application of subsection (a) was specifically limited to "fighting words" by the Georgia appellate courts in Bolden v. State, 148 Ga.App. 315, 251 S.E.2d 165 (1978), and Allen v. State, 137 Ga.App. 21, 222 S.E.2d 856 (1975), where convictions under the statute were upheld.  Reversing a conviction, the court in Rozier v. State, 140 Ga.App. 356, 231 S.E.2d 131 (1976), held that a remark made by a young man to a 16-year-old female did not constitute "fighting words."11  These decisions indicate that Georgia appellate courts have construed § 26-2610(a) to be limited to words that "have a direct tendency to cause acts of violence by the person to whom, individually, the remark is addressed."  Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, supra, 315 U.S. at 573, 62 S.Ct. at 770.  Because the statute's words do no more than state the Chaplinsky and Gooding standard, and because the appellate courts of Georgia have not permitted it to be more broadly applied, petitioner's challenge to the facial constitutionality of the statute must fail.12

9
Petitioner also suggests, citing Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15, 91 S.Ct. 1780, 29 L.Ed.2d 284 (1971), that no one can be validly convicted for using "fighting words" unless the hearer was actually aroused to violence, or the speaker intended such a result.  Obviously petitioner did not intend to provoke his passenger to violence.  He had quite another object in mind.  And it is undisputed that she did not in fact react violently, perhaps because she was afraid, certainly in part because she showed uncommon coolness, resourcefulness, and presence of mind in very frightening circumstances.  Section 26-2610(a) has not been interpreted to require either that the defendant intend to provoke violence, or that the addressee actually react violently.  See Bolden v. State, supra, 148 Ga.App. at 316, 251 S.E.2d at 166.  Therefore, if petitioner's reading of Cohen is correct, § 26-2610(a) would proscribe some protected speech, as well as speech that is unprotected because it is within the exception for "fighting words."

10
We disagree with this reading of Cohen.  First of all, it makes no sense for a defendant's criminality to depend on the actual reaction of the hearer of the accused words.  Under the rule proposed, if the young woman had struck Lamar, or struck at him, he would be validly convicted, but because she had the prudence to restrain herself, his words would be constitutionally protected.13  It is the tendency or likelihood of the words to provoke violent reaction that is the touchstone of the Chaplinsky test, not whether in a given case violence was desired by the speaker or actually occurred.  It is true that the Supreme Court's opinion in Cohen contains the observation that "(t)here is ... no showing that anyone who saw Cohen was in fact violently aroused or that appellant intended such a result."  403 U.S. at 20, 91 S.Ct. at 1785.  But this single sentence cannot bear the weight petitioner seeks to rest upon it.  We do not read the Court's opinion to say that the State of California could not use the fighting-words doctrine to support its prosecution of Cohen unless it proved either that he intended to provoke violence or that someone did become violent.  A reading of the entire paragraph in which the cited sentence appears convinces us that that is not its meaning at all.  Rather, the Court was simply refuting the possible argument, see Feiner v. New York, 340 U.S. 315, 71 S.Ct. 303, 95 L.Ed. 295 (1951), that "exercise of the State's police power" might be permissible "to prevent a speaker from intentionally provoking a given group to hostile reaction."  Cohen, 403 U.S. at 20, 91 S.Ct. at 1785.  The Court had already explained its reasons for holding the fighting-words exception unavailable to the State of California in its attempt to defeat Cohen's First Amendment defense: "While the four-letter word displayed by Cohen in relation to the draft is not uncommonly employed in a personally provocative fashion, in this instance it was clearly not 'directed to the person of the hearer.'  Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 309, 60 S.Ct. 900, 905, 84 L.Ed. 1213 (1940).  No individual actually or likely to be present could reasonably have regarded the words on appellant's jacket as a direct personal insult."  403 U.S. at 20, 91 S.Ct. at 1785.

11
We conclude that Ga.Code § 26-2610(a) is not unconstitutional on its face.  There is no occasion, of course, to express a view about the validity of any of the other subsections of the statute.

III.

12
The question remains whether the statute is invalid as applied to what Lamar said to his passenger.  The words are not inflammatory per se, without regard to the circumstances in which they were uttered.  Compare Rozier v. State, supra, in which similar words were held not to be criminal, perhaps because they were spoken in the home of the woman to whom they were addressed, perhaps because the speaker and the addressee were well acquainted before the incident in question occurred.  In the instant case, the speaker and the addressee were strangers, a passenger in a cab is in a sense a captive of her driver, and the circumstances must have been alarming.  We do not doubt that some women would have reacted violently, and with good reason.  On the other hand, the tone of voice may have been jocular rather than hostile, and we do not know, on this record, what the rest of the conversation was like.  The circumstances surrounding the words can be crucial, for only against the background of surrounding events can a judgment be made whether these words had "a direct tendency to cause acts of violence" by petitioner's passenger.  "(C) onstitutional enforcement of even facially valid laws applied to 'fighting words' now appears to depend as much on the factual circumstances surrounding a word's utterance as on the character of the word uttered."  Tribe, American Constitutional Law 618 (1978) (footnote omitted).  Accord, Hammond v. Adkisson, 536 F.2d 237, 239-40 (8th Cir. 1976) ("Although the words used may be judicially noted as profane and abusive, a trier of fact might nonetheless find they did not constitute 'fighting words'-that is, words likely to incite the addressee to a violent reaction under the circumstances of the case"); Lewis v. City of New Orleans, supra, 415 U.S. at 135, 94 S.Ct. at 973 (Powell, J., concurring).

13
At this juncture in the analysis, we would ordinarily turn to a discussion of the circumstances in which the accused words were uttered.  The difficulty is that we do not and cannot know the circumstances.  No transcript of petitioner's trial exists or can be obtained.  Both habeas courts refused to have an evidentiary hearing.  The facts recounted in the magistrate's recommended findings might well suffice to support a conviction, but they are drawn largely from an unsworn statement of the victim that was apparently not even offered in evidence at the trial.  We are driven to the conclusion that the case must be remanded for an evidentiary hearing at which petitioner will be given a chance to establish that what he said, under all the circumstances, did not directly tend to cause his passenger to resort to violence, and was not inherently likely to cause such a result.

14
We are mindful of our duty to accord to the state courts' written findings of fact a presumption of correctness, unless one of the eight paragraphs of 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) applies.  See Sumner v. Mata, 449 U.S. 539, 101 S.Ct. 764, 66 L.Ed.2d 722 (1981).  We believe our direction that an evidentiary hearing be held on remand in this case comports with that duty for at least two reasons.  First, there is no state-court finding of fact here that is "evidenced by a written finding, written opinion, or other reliable and adequate written indicia," as § 2254(d) requires in order for the presumption of correctness to arise in the first place.  The sentence of the State Court of DeKalb County includes as a handwritten preamble the words, "finding of guilty having been entered," R. 18, but those words tell us no more than a general verdict of a jury would have.  Nor do we have, as already noted, a transcription of oral findings delivered from the bench.  The state habeas court did file a written opinion, with most of which we are in agreement, but it is directed almost entirely to conclusions of law.  A section of the opinion discusses and rejects petitioner's contention that the statute is unconstitutional as applied, but no finding is made that petitioner's words tended in fact under all the circumstances to provoke violence from the hearer.  The state habeas court did say, citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979), that "this court finds that there was sufficient evidence to justify the fact finder in this case finding the Defendant Joseph Lamar, guilty beyond a reasonable doubt," R. 13, but we are at a loss to see what basis such a finding could have.  Because of the absence of a transcript neither the state habeas court nor anyone else can ever know precisely what evidence the fact finder heard.  There was no effort made by counsel at the state habeas hearing to summarize the evidence presented to the trial court in any formal way, and the state habeas court would not permit petitioner to call witnesses.  Cf. White v. Estelle, 556 F.2d 1366, 1368-69 (5th Cir. 1977) (state court's oral denial of post-conviction relief, supported by a certificate of the state judge filed a year later, is not a "written finding" within the meaning of § 2254(d)).

15
Second, even if there were a written finding of fact that petitioner's words tended to provoke a resort to violence, we should have to hold that "such factual determination is not fairly supported by the record," 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d), simply because there is no record in the sense of testimony about the crucial facts.  "Ordinarily such a record-including the transcript of testimony (or if unavailable some adequate substitute, such as a narrative record), the pleadings, court opinions, and other pertinent documents-is indispensable to determining whether the habeas applicant received a full and fair state-court evidentiary hearing resulting in reliable findings (citations omitted).  Of course, if because no record can be obtained the district judge has no way of determining whether a full and fair hearing which resulted in findings of relevant fact was vouchsafed, he must hold one."  Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 319, 83 S.Ct. 745, 760, 9 L.Ed.2d 770 (1963).  Townsend was decided before the latest revision of § 2254(d), but the statute as presently written does not differ from the rule of Townsend in any respect directly relevant to this case.  It necessarily remains true that a finding of fact (assuming there is one) cannot be said to be fairly supported by the record when there is no record, or at least none except an unsworn statement of one witness made neither in court nor in the presence of the defendant.

IV.

16
The judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded with directions to hold an evidentiary hearing on the tendency of petitioner's words to provoke his passenger to violence.  In all other respects we agree with the District Court's rejection of petitioner's claims.

17
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

*
 The Honorable Richard S. Arnold, U. S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation

1
 Our statement of the facts is based largely on the briefs, and we have attempted to limit it to those facts on which both sides agree.  As we will explain below, no record of the trial exists, and neither the state nor the federal post-conviction courts granted Lamar the evidentiary hearing he requested

2
 It was stipulated that there was evidence at trial that petitioner did speak these words to his passenger.  R. 192 (Transcript of State Post-Conviction Hearing, p. 17)

3
 Georgia Code § 26-2610 provides:
26-2610 Abusive or obscene language
A person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a misdemeanor:
(a) Without provocation, uses to or of another, in his presence, opprobrious or abusive words which by their very utterance tend to incite to an immediate breach of the peace; that is to say, words which as a matter of common knowledge and under ordinary circumstances will, when used to or of another person in his presence, naturally tend to provoke violent resentment, that is, words commonly called fighting words.
(b) Without provocation, uses obscene and vulgar or profane language in the presence of a female or of a male under the age of 14 years, or by telephone to a female or to a male under the age of 14 years; or
(c) Communicates to any female within this State by writing or printing any obscene or vulgar language or improper proposals; or
(d) Engages in indecent or disorderly conduct in the presence of a female in any public place; or
(e) Telephones another repeatedly, whether or not conversation ensues, for the purpose of annoying, harassing or molesting another or his family, or uses over the telephone language threatening bodily harm, or telephones and intentionally fails to hang up or disengage the connection, or knowingly permits any telephone under his control to be used for any purpose prohibited by this subsection.

4
 The State Court of DeKalb County is a court of record below the level of the Superior Court, which is the state trial court of general jurisdiction.  It has concurrent jurisdiction to try misdemeanor cases.  Ga.Code § 24-2101a.  "Court-reporting personnel shall be made available for the reporting of civil and criminal trials in (State) courts ...," Ga.Code § 24-2105a(a), but "(r) eporting of any trial may be waived by consent of parties," § 24-2105a(b).  We do not know why no record was made of the testimony at petitioner's trial in this case.  Perhaps, as the statute indicates, reporting of the trial was waived.  We do not understand the State to contend that our review of this conviction is barred or limited by reason of any waiver of reporting by counsel for petitioner

5
 Petitioner did not file a direct appeal of his conviction.  It is not contended that this omission is a state-law procedural default that limits our jurisdiction.  The state habeas court reached the merits of petitioner's federal constitutional claims

6
 Petitioner remains at liberty on bond.  He has served 41/2 months of his 12-month sentence

7
 Several other arguments are raised, all of which we reject without extended discussion: that the charge filed against petitioner was defective in that it was not signed under oath by the County Solicitor; that the charge failed to specify which subsection of § 26-2610 petitioner was alleged to have violated; that the charge failed to state a criminal offense; and that the District Court failed to examine the record sufficiently before approving the magistrate's recommended findings and conclusion.  It is also contended that petitioner was prosecuted because he is black, but there is no evidence to support this argument, nor does petitioner suggest that he could produce any

8
 The accusation states that petitioner "did without provocation, unlawfully use, to and of (the passenger) and in her presence, the following opprbrious wrds (sic) or abusive language to wit: 'I bet you honey doesn't have the nine and a half inch penis I have,' tending to cause a breach of the peace, said words being fighting words."  R. 25

9
 Ga.Code § 26-6303 provided: "Any person who shall, without provocation, use to or of another, and in his presence ... opprobrious words or abusive language, tending to cause a breach of the peace ... shall be guilty of a misdemeanor."

10
 Among the cases cited by petitioner is Grantham v. State, 151 Ga.App. 707, 261 S.E.2d 445 (1979), in which a defendant was convicted of violating § 26-2610(b) by saying to a woman over the phone: "I want to get between your legs," and "I want to get in bed with you."  Petitioner also lists D. G. D. v. State, 142 Ga.App. 266, 235 S.E.2d 673 (1977), and Breaux v. State, 230 Ga. 506, 197 S.E.2d 695 (1973).  In both cases, however, the defendants were convicted of violating subsection (b) of § 26-2610

11
 The defendant in Rozier v. State, supra, had said to the young woman in her home and in the presence of her five-year-old brother, "How about some pussy."  The court stated, in reversing the conviction, that "(§ 26-2610(a) ) is very plainly designed to punish 'fighting words' which by their very utterance tend to incite an immediate breach of peace."  140 Ga.App. at 356, 231 S.E.2d at 131

12
 Petitioner argues that his words were not "directed to" the woman but to her boyfriend.  We find little merit in this argument

13
 This is not a case where the words were addressed to a person who by virtue of his profession or training could be expected to absorb a certain amount of abuse without retaliating physically, for example, a policeman.  "The situation may be different where ... words are addressed to a police officer trained to exercise a higher degree of restraint than the average citizen."  Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 408 U.S. 913, 913, 92 S.Ct. 2499, 2499, 33 L.Ed.2d 321 (1972) (Powell, J., concurring).  Nor is this a case where "language of the character charged might well have been anticipated by the audience."  Brown v. Oklahoma, 408 U.S. 914, 914, 92 S.Ct. 2507, 2508, 33 L.Ed.2d 326 (1972) (Powell, J., concurring).  See Cohen v. California, supra, 403 U.S. at 20, 91 S.Ct. at 1785, to the effect that the fighting-words doctrine covers words "addressed to the ordinary citizen," like the taxicab passenger in this case.  In Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 415 U.S. 130, 132 n.2, 94 S.Ct. 970, 972 n.2, 39 L.Ed.2d 214 (1974), the Court declined to decide whether even "fighting words" might be immune from valid punishment when addressed to a trained officer


This season, the UBC Thunderbirds women’s hockey team might be the most improved team in any sport, male or female, among the 54 schools who share membership in Canadian Interuniversity Sport.

Yet despite its incredible rise from one-win cellar dwellers a season ago to Canada West playoff contenders this season, the unranked ‘Birds were nonetheless lacking a signature win that told everyone else in the country that they capable of competing with the nation’s elite.

On Saturday afternoon, they finally got that win.

Nikola Brown-John and Nicole Saxvik staked UBC to a 2-0 lead after two periods, and the ‘Birds made that lead hold, getting superb goaltending from Danielle Dube to edge No. 2-ranked, defending CIS champion Calgary 2-1 on the Dinos’ home ice at Father David Bauer Arena, giving them a weekend split as action resumed following the Canada West’s one-month holiday break. Calgary (14-3-1) scored into an empty net on Friday to win 4-2 and extend its conference win streak to six games.

“I think today was a big step forward for UBC women’s hockey,” said Dube, who stopped 27 of 28 shots on the day, including six by Dinos’ star Hayley Wickenheiser. “It’s really big because now we can believe. I was talking before the game about how it would be great to be able to knock off a team like this in the playoffs, and now this team knows it can do it.”

The Thunderbirds have made massive strides under the tutelage of first-year head coach Graham Thomas, the former associate coach of the NCAA’s Syracuse Orange.

UBC was 1-21-2 last season, but following Saturday’s victory, this season’s mark has been pushed to 8-7-3, the eight wins equaling the program’s season-high for wins in a season. With the regular season expanded to 28 games for 2012-13, the Thunderbirds are well on their way — with 10 more games remaining — to making this the most successful season in program history.

“The girls worked their hearts out today and it was simply a great team effort,” said Thomas, whose team, for as well as it has played this season, was in desperate need of a victory.

The rash of injuries and illness that swept through the lineup before the break played a large role in UBC dropping three straight prior to Christmas.

“And after last night we were 0-4 over our last four, but I don’t think it was indicative of how we were playing,” continued Thomas who got goals from Rebecca Unrau and Kaitlin Imai in Friday’s loss. “We were still getting better even with the wins not being there, and I thought that was indicative in how hard this team trained over the break. There is a real focus now.”

The win over the Dinos was UBC’s first over Calgary since Oct. 22, 2010, snapping a string of 10 straight losses. The ‘Birds have been building towards the win, especially after dropping a 6-5 overtime decision to the Dinos at the Doug Mitchell Arena on Oct. 13.

UBC, sitting in fourth place in the conference standings, plays its first home games in 2013 this coming weekend, as it plays host to last-place Lethbridge (5-9-3) this Friday and Saturday.

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Head of the Class 2014

Recognizing courage and commitment in high school sports. For details click here.


By Leo Babauta

There’s a part of today’s consumerist world that drives us to want more, buy more, act on our impulses, hoard, spend to solve our problems, create comfort through shopping, seek thrills through travel, do more, be more.

What would happen if we broke from our addiction to wanting and buying more?

What would life be like if we didn’t need all that?

Imagine a life where we could enjoy simple, free pleasures like going for a walk in nature, meditating, reading a book, writing. By buying less we’d have less debt, less clutter, less to take care of. We’d need smaller houses, less storage. Perhaps we could even work less to support all this buying, unless the work were something we loved to do.

Now, I’m not saying we can free ourselves of all desire. I’ve certainly not learned to do that yet. But what if we could recognize our wants, and not be driven by them? What if we could let go of them when they are not helpful, and instead be happy with what we have?

I’m exploring this myself. I’ll share some things that work for me, with the acknowledgement that I’m still learning, I still fail at this all the time. I have a lot to learn, but here’s what I’ve learned so far:

Recognize when you have an impulse to buy , a desire to do what other people are doing, a need to solve problems or create a certain life by buying things. Learn to see this impulse, and say, “Ah, I have an urge to buy!” Just see it.

, a desire to do what other people are doing, a need to solve problems or create a certain life by buying things. Learn to see this impulse, and say, “Ah, I have an urge to buy!” Just see it. Recognize that the impulse isn’t a command , just a feeling that arises like any other, just temporary, like a passing cloud. Watch it, feel it, stay with it, but know that it will pass.

, just a feeling that arises like any other, just temporary, like a passing cloud. Watch it, feel it, stay with it, but know that it will pass. Set a limit to your stuff . I am experimenting with a limit of only having clothes that fit in one bag, but you might set an temporary limit of 33 personal things, one drawerful of clothes, etc. This limit isn’t to feel restricted, but to give you pause before you buy something, to remind you that you already have enough.

. I am experimenting with a limit of only having clothes that fit in one bag, but you might set an temporary limit of 33 personal things, one drawerful of clothes, etc. This limit isn’t to feel restricted, but to give you pause before you buy something, to remind you that you already have enough. See this moment as enough . A desire to buy, to experience what others are experiencing, to do more … these all stem from the idea that the present isn’t enough somehow. We aren’t satisfied with what we are, what we have, what is in front of us … we want more. But I’ve been practicing with the idea that the current moment is already enough. I’m already good enough. There doesn’t need to be more. When I have an impulse to buy or do more, I think about what’s in front of me, and I try to understand that it’s enough as it is.

. A desire to buy, to experience what others are experiencing, to do more … these all stem from the idea that the present isn’t enough somehow. We aren’t satisfied with what we are, what we have, what is in front of us … we want more. But I’ve been practicing with the idea that the current moment is already enough. I’m already good enough. There doesn’t need to be more. When I have an impulse to buy or do more, I think about what’s in front of me, and I try to understand that it’s enough as it is. Enjoy simple things. There is already enough in front of us, right now, that we don’t need more. We can go for a walk, sit and read a book, do some pushups or yoga, sketch or write or play some music, have a conversation with someone, or do nothing and see what that’s like. We can walk barefoot on grass, drink a cup of tea, create something new, learn about something new, be curious about the life that’s in front of us. This is delightful, without needing to buy more or get more.

Finally, recognize that it’s an ongoing practice. In my experience, you don’t just get rid of desires and then you’re done. You let go of one, turn to the present moment, appreciate it, find satisfaction in what there already is … and then a little while later, another desire arises. It comes from advertising, websites, magazines, seeing what other people are doing on social media, watching the news, talking to people, walking past a cool store, seeing a new bag that your friend just bought, etc.

The desires will keep coming back, but we can develop the skill of recognizing them, letting them go, being happy with the enough-ness of now.


Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's triple jump

The women's triple jump competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place on the 9 of August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Caterine Ibargüen from Colombia.

Summary
With Caterine Ibargüen not competing after participating in the long jump, Yulimar Rojas took the lead with her first jump that no the competitor would beat.  Along the way to gold, her fourth attempt was , making her the number 16 jumper in history.  Silver medalist Shanieka Ricketts displayed amazing consistency with three jumps within 1 cm of her best.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:

Schedule

Results
All times shown are in meters.

Final
The results were as follows

References

Category:Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games
2019


Natural dimers of coumarin, chalcones, and resveratrol and the link between structure and pharmacology.
Natural products like coumarins, chalcones, and resveratrol have inherent biological activity in several models of diseases; therefore, their natural dimeric forms are highlighted in this review and their key structural similarities, isolation and pharmacological significance is discussed. These natural products may be dimerized during their biosynthesis, which proceeds through atom- and energy-sufficient methods involving dimeric enzymes, to provide complex structures from simple compounds. Coumarin-derived dimers features the C-C or C-O-C biaryl, terpene sidechain linkages or by cyclobutane ring and acts as inhibitors of α-glucosidase, and cytochrome p450 while some show anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities, while chalcone-derived dimers have the 1,3-dihydroxy phenyl (resorcinol) substitution on the periphery of cyclobutane or cyclohexane ring and inhibit topoisomerase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and cathepsins and others possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-plasmodial activities. Resveratrol-derived dimers have the resorcinol structure and are formed by oxidative coupling showing antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-HIV, anti-tyrosinase, and cytotoxic activity. Bioavailability evidence of closely related structural monomers could be applicable to their dimeric forms. Application of bioisosteric principles to such dimeric compounds is also discussed. Overall, these dimeric natural products can provide potent templates for the natural product-based drug discovery against several diseases.