King Ying Low was one of America’s oldest Chinese restaurants when it closed in 2008. Its history is a story of perseverance and survival in the face of contempt and persecution.

Fong’s Pizza is one of the weirdest places in Des Moines. When you walk in, the booths in the narrow room and the mural of a heron on the back wall may seem like you’ve just entered a traditional Chinese American restaurant. But to the left, there’s a fully stocked midcentury tiki bar that serves craft beer on tap and cocktails in heavy plastic cups etched with cartoonish iconography. Fong's — a popular restaurant that’s been featured on shows like Man v. Food and The Best Thing I Ever Ate — is a Frankenstein exercise in American fusion. The menu features Chinese cheese sticks (mozzarella cheese encased in an egg roll wrapper and served with marinara sauce) alongside crab rangoon pizza (the expected combination of cream cheese and artificial crab mixed with Asiago and mozzarella cheese, topped with a sweet chili sauce and crispy wontons). The pizza is made on a crust as thin and white as a saltine cracker. The cultural tensions at work are illustrated in the origins of its name, chosen by a partner in the restaurant group that owns the place who also considers himself a movie buff. The “Fong” in Fong’s Pizza is an homage to Benson Fong, a Chinese American actor famous for his roles in Charlie Chan movies, a popular series of films from the mid–20th century. The films are widely considered controversial since the titular role of Charlie Chan was often played by an actor in yellowface. Beneath all this, Fong's sits on a small piece of American history: the remodeled remains of King Ying Low, a vintage Chinese American restaurant that closed permanently in 2008 with little fanfare. At least a century old, King Ying Low was not only the oldest still-operating restaurant in Des Moines; it was one of the oldest still-operating Chinese American restaurants in the entire country. (Pekin Noodle Parlor in Butte, Montana, which opened in 1911, currently claims the title.) Founded at a time when Chinese immigrants faced steep structural barriers in all aspects of life alongside pervasive racism, the history of King Ying Low is actually one history of Chinese Americans in the Midwest — and America. It’s a story of perseverance and survival in the face of contempt and persecution, but also a demonstration of how a small cultural minority embedded itself deep within the fabric of its community.

KC McGinnis for BuzzFeed News A framed photograph displays the original interior of King Ying Low, the Chinese restaurant that was replaced by Fong's Pizza.

In a 1910 article, a reporter for the Register and Leader reported on the lack of New Year's celebration among the city’s 20 Chinese immigrants. Lee Din, the local founder of Chinese restaurant King Ying Low, was interviewed, lamenting the lack of festivities. For Din and his fellow immigrants to Iowa, there was little to celebrate and more than enough reason for them to keep their heads down in their adopted city, which was less than welcoming. Din had made his way to St. Paul and then Des Moines after initially immigrating from Guangzhou to San Francisco in 1880. When he opened the restaurant sometime between 1904 and 1907, Des Moines was still closer to its origins as a frontier town — a Manifest Destiny–era military settlement built upon the confluent banks of the Des Moines and Raccoon rivers — than to the insurance town filled with professionals, which the city would later become. Din and King Ying Low settled into the second floor of a building on Mulberry Street, above a saloon and below a medical school. It quickly became entrenched as one of the city’s few Chinese restaurants. King Ying Low offered a limited menu in its early days and was largely organized around chop suey, a bland collection of meat, vegetables, and rice in a starchy sauce that has little in common with traditional Cantonese dishes but became immensely popular across America in the early 19th century, so ubiquitous that Chinese restaurants were mostly referred to as chop suey houses. Mob violence and intense prejudice toward Chinese American communities plagued coastal cities in the years after the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882. But the community in Des Moines, governed and policed by almost exclusively white settlers, presented its own problems to the success of his fledgling restaurant. Immediately upon King Ying Low’s opening, the restaurant became an integral part of the heart of downtown Des Moines, then an area of never-closing saloons and pool halls that were home to the region’s most diverse, marginalized, and often criminalized populations. Almost as soon as he arrived, Din had to fight not just to ensure the survival of his own restaurant but for the survival of the small community of Chinese Americans who called Des Moines home. The expansion of Chinese restaurants in America at the turn of the 19th century was an almost direct result of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Due to the restrictions imposed by the law and subsequently limited jobs available, these restaurants functioned as sustainable sources of income and ideal vehicles through which to sponsor the immigration of Chinese workers to America. King Ying Low was no different. Din was even arrested and fined in 1919 after he was accused of attempting to bribe an immigration officer by slipping a $100 bill in his pocket; the officer had found a problem with the papers of one of the restaurant’s employees. Din's first appearance in the public record was in 1905, when he appeared in court on charges of keeping a “disorderly house” — essentially an accusation that he allowed prostitution at King Ying Low, after he was arrested with six women. Later, in 1911, he had to appeal a ruling by local law enforcement that barred women from visiting King Ying Low after a similar arrest by arguing that it was “no crime to feed women.” The chop suey houses of downtown Des Moines, rather than the nearby saloons and dance halls, drew the particular ire of law enforcement throughout the first decade of King Ying Low’s existence. “The chop suey restaurant is the worst place left in Des Moines and it has to go,” proclaimed a Des Moines police chief in 1909 after a young woman from a well-to-do family was arrested in one.

University Of Southern Californi / Getty Images Window display of Mandarin Products in California.

The subsequent crackdown resulted in further raids and more arrests. Chinese American restaurant owners found themselves consistently brought up on charges of prostitution and indecency. A fellow downtown Chinese restaurateur named George Wee, who came to Des Moines in an attempt to expand Chicago’s chop suey tradition, was arrested and harangued by law enforcement so frequently that he was eventually forced to close his restaurant and was nearly deported. A pause in arrests in the spring of 1910 was so noticeable that it was remarked upon in the local paper. “The police must be pretty busy these days,” the comment reads. “They haven’t found time to raid the Chop Suey joint in over a week.” The racist campaign to characterize chop suey restaurants as illicit and criminal didn’t go unanswered by Din. He donated large sums of money to local charities to address problems of poverty. When his son graduated from medical school back in Guangzhou, Din had his picture printed along with an announcement of his graduation in the paper for everyone in the community to see. When a union of Iowa laundry workers threatened a community of Chinese business owners in Des Moines in 1916, he stood against them as the community’s spokesperson. As World War I erupted in Europe, Din became the vocal leader of a small minority of Chinese Americans in the Des Moines and weighed in on foreign policy. In multiple instances, he correctly predicted publicly that Japan’s power and empire expansion would continue to grow and entreated the United States to ally with China, something the country wouldn’t do until World War II. Though Din and his fellow Chinese American immigrants were not allowed citizenship and therefore could not be drafted, they all donated to the Red Cross. As King Ying Low entered its second decade in Des Moines in 1924, Lee Din announced his intent to return to his native Guangzhou. His son was now a practicing doctor, and he hadn’t seen his wife in 20 years. By this time, his restaurant was already considered the “oldest chop suey house in Des Moines.” In 1932, only a few years after taking over management of the restaurant, Charles Chong died of pneumonia, which he contracted while returning from San Francisco, where he was compelled to testify in the immigration trial of a former King Ying Low employee. His partner, Sun Leong, had barely taken sole ownership of the business when he too was subpoenaed to testify in yet another immigration trial in San Francisco. His son, Louis Leong, stepped in to take full control of the restaurant. Like Din before him, Leong was called upon to represent his home country in his new community. As conflict with Japan began to seem more inevitable and the Second Sino-Japanese War loomed, the owner of King Ying Low, at 26, declared publicly that he would fight for China if he hadn’t immigrated to America. During the lead-up to WWII and after the US entered the war, Leong led public charity drives to raise money for the Chinese relief. During and immediately after the war, the restaurant hosted several events held by the Iowa Socialist Party, including a speech on “America’s Role in Asia” by a writer who had also spoken out against Japanese internment during the war and dinner with a leading representative of Saskatchewan’s democratic socialist party. By the end of the decade, King Ying Low had established itself on the ground floor of the Elliott Hotel, where it would remain until its closure. After an alliance with China during WWII finally prompted the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943 and King Ying Low had established its position as a pillar of Des Moines’ culinary scene under the steady hand of Leong, the restaurant settled into a long period of stability. Despite the easing of immigration restrictions after WWII, Leong continued the King Ying Low tradition of using the restaurant to facilitate Chinese American immigration, this time within the context of the Cold War. King Ying Low itself was a longtime staging ground for the progressive political movements that would make dramatic and lasting changes in Iowa during the ’60s and ’70s. Park Rinard — a liberal power broker who worked with painter Grant Wood before to orchestrate the campaigns, policy issues, and speeches that would successfully propel Democratic governors and members of Congress to victory — often used the restaurant as a base of operations for his wheeling and dealing in Des Moines. The 1970s also brought an influx of restaurants to the Midwest. When Leong retired in 1975, his successors were a group of Chinese immigrant chefs. The chefs brought a new range of cuisine to the old chop suey house, led by Ludwig Young, a charismatic chef who chose the moniker for himself. (He claimed that Beethoven’s 5th Symphony was the first piece of Western music he’d ever heard, but he thought Bach was better.) A profile of King Ying Low’s new guard called the restaurant’s revamped cuisine “short on American chop suey and long on the sophisticated Mandarin school of Chinese cookery, with Szechuan specialties also, as well as the more familiar Cantonese.” In stark relief to its early history, King Ying Low found itself being written about and judged on the authenticity of its Chinese food, decor, and service, as opposed to its ability to assimilate and survive in a community largely opposed to its existence. Two reviews in the late ’70s highlighted this change, both by the same food critic. The first slammed the authenticity of King Ying Low and blamed the bad dining experience on the “occidental” waitress and the poor service she provided. A revision that came just a few years later remarked upon the “authentic” quality of the food and that many Asian Americans seemed to be eating at the restaurant. In 1980, as the ownership of King Ying Low settled in and only 60 years after a reporter remarked upon the absence of Chinese New Year celebrations in Des Moines, the Register profiled Young and his family in honor of the same holiday, an article in which Young discussed Chinese cultural traditions and his own opinions on his home country. Young and his family ran the restaurant, and they planned another (closer to the suburbs where many families continued to migrate). He began to choose textbooks and help develop a curriculum for the first Chinese-language classes offered in Des Moines Public Schools that, with a special permit, he planned to teach as well. All these plans were cut abruptly short when Young died of cancer in 1987. The following year, Young’s predecessor, Louis Leong, also died of cancer at 77. After decades as a Des Moines institution, King Ying Low entered the ’90s in crisis, especially as the city’s downtown completed its long transformation into a neighborhood where people worked but did not live. King Ying Low coasted through several decades of atrophy and cultural neglect that perfectly mirrored the status of its longtime neighborhood. (A final review in the Des Moines Register in 2005 rated the food as average, the atmosphere shabby, and the history not worth the hype.) And so, in 2008, after a century of the restaurant's existence, generations of Chinese American immigrants, and decades spent as a cornerstone of Chinese American culture in the city where its pioneering founder had made his home, the final owner, Tony Wong, quietly announced King Ying Low’s permanent closure as the result of particularly damaging kitchen fire.

KC McGinnis for BuzzFeed News Light shines through the exterior windows at Fong's Pizza in Des Moines.

It's a complicated time for the traditional Chinese American restaurant. Retiring older owners have given way to restaurant closures. A younger generation of owners has brought more regionalized Chinese cuisines to the US, where a more diverse and globalized palette has made for a receptive audience. This, in turn, has sparked fraught debates about what authentic food really is: Generations of Chinese American restaurateurs have defended their approach to food as an authentic American style. Placing Fong’s Pizza in that wider landscape is a difficult task. Within a year of King Ying Low’s closure, Full Court Press — one of two restaurant groups that own the majority of restaurants in downtown Des Moines, an area known for its kitschy, popular bars — bought the space. Originally, the plan was for a traditional late-night pizza joint. But the concept for the restaurant changed when the new owners surveyed the ruins. “Seeing the pieces from this restaurant and, honestly, the history of it all, what a sad thing to have laid that to bed. We were inspired by them,” Gwen Page, co-owner and manager of Fong’s Pizza for the past decade, told BuzzFeed News. The original concept for a tiki bar that served pizza expanded to accommodate the influence of this history, and Fong’s was born. Other than peeling away layers of wallpaper and adding a bar, the former King Ying Low’s layout remained mostly unchanged, with parts of the old decor directly incorporated into the new restaurant. A framed King Ying Low menu sits above the sticker-covered bar, anonymous among the multitude of bric-a-brac.

KC McGinnis for BuzzFeed News A family eats the popular crab rangoon pizza at Fong's Pizza in Des Moines, Jan. 18.

Without the purchase, the restaurant might have been completely gutted and changed into something completely different, the decor and history lost. In the wake of the catastrophic fire that destroyed 85,000 pieces at the Museum of Chinese in America in New York’s Chinatown, the preservation of this history feels especially urgent. The concept of Chinese American pizza, simultaneously radical and broadly appealing to the takeout preferences forged through decades of culinary evolution and tradition in the 20th century, has also been met with its fair share of skepticism. Early customers walked out after discovering there was no traditional Chinese American food being served. An early review in the Register dismissed the restaurant as “King Ying Kitsch.” (Since then, the restaurant has been featured on the Travel Channel series Man v. Food. It recently made a personal fan out of Alton Brown, which resulted in a feature on his Food Network show and personal praise on Twitter. It has also expanded, with three other locations in the state, the most of any Full Court Press brand.) Page, a blonde mother of two who plays in a jam band in her spare time, said addressing concerns about cultural appropriation is just part of the modern restaurant world. But, she said, it's a complaint they seldom hear. "Every once in a while, we'll get a comment that somebody is offended,” she said. “I think that goes with a lot of things. You have to be pretty sensitive anymore these days, which I am. That's something I'm very careful about. I think, early on, when we were still learning and growing, there may have been more opportunity to do that. We've evolved and streamlined, and the best way to be successful in business is to interact with your guests and get that feedback — and if you do hear a sort of comment that someone is caught off-guard or just not feeling that, I honor that and I take that very seriously. But I haven't really. The biggest complaints we get here are about waiting.” For those looking to experience Des Moines’ Chinese American culinary history in its original form, direct descendants of the King Ying Low tradition can still be found in the city, just in a different neighborhood. When Louis Leong retired and sold his restaurant in 1975, his son, Frank Lee, took up ownership of the restaurant Rice Bowl in Beaverdale, a tranquil, family-oriented neighborhood in the northwestern reaches of the city. The traditional Chinese American restaurant opened in 1966, and Lee brought his family recipes from King Ying Low when he took the helm. Rice Bowl still stands today, just as it has for decades, now run by Kenny Lee, the grandson of Louis Leong. (The Lee family declined an interview.) Despite a national trend that sees the younger generation leaving multigenerational Chinese American restaurants for other careers, Rice Bowl remains a family affair with the 65-year-old Lee at the helm and his daughter, Jenna, assisting him. ●

Iowa’s Oldest Chinese Restaurant Is Now The Weirdest Fusion Pizza Place You’ll Go To King Ying Low was one of America’s oldest Chinese restaurants when it closed in 2009. Its history is a story of perseverance and survival in the face of contempt and persecution. Dave Pope of Grinnell, Iowa, eats the popular crab rangoon pizza at Fong’s Pizza in Des Moines, Jan. 18. KC McGinnis for BuzzFeed News


Urgent:

Should Obama Be Impeached? Vote Now in Urgent Poll

Pressure is mounting on President Barack Obama to take the fight against the Islamic State into Syria, with top Republicans calling for the move on Friday after days of attacks on the militants in Iraq and the beheading of American journalist James Foley this week."I don't see how we can defeat ISIS without going into Syria," New York Rep. Peter King, a member of the House Homeland Security Committee, told CNN. "I believe in massive airstrikes."This is not about Syria. This is not about Iraq," King added. "It's about our national security. The president has the obligation, if he is serious about going after ISIS, to go into Syria."Florida Rep. Ilena Ros-Lehtinen later told CNN that "I believe that the president should do that."He should have done it when he first announced it when he said Assad has crossed a red line in the use of chemical weapons," she added, referring to Obama's speech in June 2013 when it was confirmed that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad had used the arsenal against his own people. "In fact, they used chemical weapons twice and still we did not do what we said we would do."It was a mistake for us not to act then," Ros-Lehtinen said. "We cannot let this cancer grow."The GOP House members added to the rising calls for bombing ISIS in Syria after Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey said that it was critical to defeating the militants."This is an organization that has an apocalyptic, end-of-days strategic vision and which will eventually have to be defeated," Dempsey said at a news briefing on Thursday with Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel. "Can they be defeated without addressing that part of their organization which resides in Syria? The answer is no."The White House signaled on Friday that taking the fight against ISIS into Syria is an option, as Obama nears the end of his two-week vacation on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. The option gained more credence after ISIS posted its video this week showing Foley's brutal execution and threats to kill a second American journalist, Steve Sotloff."We will do what's necessary to protect Americans and see that justice is done for what we saw with the barbaric killing of Jim Foley," White House Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes said on Friday. "So we're actively considering what's going to be necessary to deal with that threat, and we're not going to be restricted by borders."The U.S. has so far conducted slightly more than 90 airstrikes in Iraq to protect the Iraqi Yazidi religious minority and attack Islamic State positions around the Mosul Dam. Tens of thousands of Yazidis have fled their homelands since ISIS began seizing them last month.The Pentagon said on Friday that U.S. warplanes made three more airstrikes against Islamic State targets near the Mosul Dam, including a machine gun position that was firing on Iraqi forces.Extending the fight into Syria, however, would allow opportunities for disrupting the Islamic State's supply lines.Arizona GOP Sen. John McCain said this week that ISIS fighters have moved military equipment seized in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul into Syria and that they hold enclaves in Syrian territory that have been identified. The heavy artillery was left in Baghdad after the U.S. pulled out of Iraq in 2011.Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, a prospective 2016 presidential candidate, said on Friday that attacking ISIS supply lines, command and control centers, and economic assets inside Syria was "at the crux of the decision" for Obama.The risk of "getting sucked into a new war" is outweighed, Rubio said, by the risk of inaction.A move into Syria, even only with air strikes, would be a reversal for Obama. He stepped back from a threat to launch airstrikes in Syria a year ago in response to a chemical weapons attack by Assad.Obama has many times rejected greater involvement in the three-year-old Syrian civil war over the past year out of concern about getting entangled in a conflict with no clear positive outcome for the United States.But officials say the situation now is different because Islamic State militants represent a direct threat to Americans and American interests. Hagel said underscored the importance of preventing ISIS from regrouping — even partly into Syria — and launching renewed attacks.The Islamic State is also known as ISIL."The president, the chairman and I are all very clear-eyed about the challenges ahead," Hagel said. "We are pursuing a long-term strategy against ISIL because ISIL clearly poses a long-term threat. We should expect ISIL to regroup and stage new offenses."Not going into Syria, essentially, puts the U.S. "back to where you were," said Robert Ford, a former U.S. ambassador to Syria who quit in February in disillusionment over Obama's unwillingness to arm moderate Syrian rebels in their battle against Assad."I don't see how you can contain the Islamic State over the medium term if you don't address their base of operations in Syria," he said.U.S. Special Forces have already had one direct ground battle with Islamic State militants in Syria. That was during the nighttime helicopter mission during the July Fourth Weekend when two dozen Delta Force commandos sought to rescue Foley, Sotloff, and several other Americans.A number of militants were killed in the firefight, the White House said this week — and one U.S. soldier was wounded. The hostages were not at the location.More broadly, however, the U.S. strong consideration of going into Syria reflects a more serious approach to ISIS than six months ago, when Obama told New Yorker magazine that they were the "JV team."The term is short for "junior varsity" — meaning that they are not the best players on the field.King slammed Obama for the reference in the CNN interview."The president was wrong when he called them 'junior varsity.' This was no secret in the intelligence community," he said. "This was no secret — and the president seemed content in saying that al-Qaida was defeated and that, basically, this was all behind us."I actually believe that, now, ISIS is more powerful now and more deadly than al-Qaida was on Sept. 11," King said.The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.


---
title: "Get deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance"
description: "Read properties and relationships of the deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance object."
author: "dougeby"
localization_priority: Normal
ms.prod: "intune"
doc_type: apiPageType
---

# Get deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance

Namespace: microsoft.graph

> **Important:** Microsoft Graph APIs under the /beta version are subject to change; production use is not supported.

> **Note:** The Microsoft Graph API for Intune requires an [active Intune license](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=839381) for the tenant.

Read properties and relationships of the [deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance](../resources/intune-deviceintent-devicemanagementcollectionsettinginstance.md) object.

## Prerequisites
One of the following permissions is required to call this API. To learn more, including how to choose permissions, see [Permissions](/graph/permissions-reference).

|Permission type|Permissions (from most to least privileged)|
|:---|:---|
|Delegated (work or school account)|DeviceManagementConfiguration.ReadWrite.All, DeviceManagementConfiguration.Read.All|
|Delegated (personal Microsoft account)|Not supported.|
|Application|DeviceManagementConfiguration.ReadWrite.All, DeviceManagementConfiguration.Read.All|

## HTTP Request
<!-- {
  "blockType": "ignored"
}
-->
``` http
GET /deviceManagement/intents/{deviceManagementIntentId}/settings/{deviceManagementSettingInstanceId}
GET /deviceManagement/templates/{deviceManagementTemplateId}/settings/{deviceManagementSettingInstanceId}
GET /deviceManagement/intents/{deviceManagementIntentId}/categories/{deviceManagementIntentSettingCategoryId}/settings/{deviceManagementSettingInstanceId}
GET /deviceManagement/templates/{deviceManagementTemplateId}/categories/{deviceManagementTemplateSettingCategoryId}/recommendedSettings/{deviceManagementSettingInstanceId}
```

## Optional query parameters
This method supports the [OData Query Parameters](/graph/query-parameters) to help customize the response.

## Request headers
|Header|Value|
|:---|:---|
|Authorization|Bearer <token> Required.|
|Accept|application/json|

## Request body
Do not supply a request body for this method.

## Response
If successful, this method returns a `200 OK` response code and [deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance](../resources/intune-deviceintent-devicemanagementcollectionsettinginstance.md) object in the response body.

## Example

### Request
Here is an example of the request.
``` http
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/deviceManagement/intents/{deviceManagementIntentId}/settings/{deviceManagementSettingInstanceId}
```

### Response
Here is an example of the response. Note: The response object shown here may be truncated for brevity. All of the properties will be returned from an actual call.
``` http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 237

{
  "value": {
    "@odata.type": "#microsoft.graph.deviceManagementCollectionSettingInstance",
    "id": "6ce278f7-78f7-6ce2-f778-e26cf778e26c",
    "definitionId": "Definition Id value",
    "valueJson": "Value Json value"
  }
}
```


Mood disorders: review of current diagnostic systems.
In their sections on mood disorders, both ICD-10 and DSM-IV represent considerable advances on ICD-9 in drawing affective disorders together in one section, distinguishing bipolar disorder from unipolar, including dysthymia and using clear definitions. Problems with ICD-10 include complexity, use of different clinical and research definitions, emphasis on single versus recurrent episodes and the lack of some clinically useful subtypes. DSM-IV is less complex but assigns separate unjustified categories of medical and substance-induced mood disorders, and fails to code its useful qualifiers. Both classifications preserve categories for psychotic depression and melancholia/somatic syndrome, which are better coded in ICD-10. The severity distinctions could usefully be extended to a milder category of minor depression. It is also recommended that the two classifications be brought together, with small differences in definitions ironed out and a single set used both clinically and for research, the simpler DSM-IV organisation, the omission of the categorisations of single versus recurrent and mood disorder due to general medical or substance abuse disorders, and the inclusion of coding for some subtypes such as seasonal and postpartum.


# This file is distributed under the same license as the Django package.
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msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:6
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:6
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#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:14
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#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:6
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:7
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:7
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#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:7
msgid "Home"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:7
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#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:10
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:14
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/missing_docutils.html:7
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/missing_docutils.html:14
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:15
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_index.html:9
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:7
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:8
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:8
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:7
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:8
msgid "Documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:8
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msgid "Bookmarklets"
msgstr ""

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msgid "Documentation bookmarklets"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:15
msgid ""
"To install bookmarklets, drag the link to your bookmarks toolbar, or right-"
"click the link and add it to your bookmarks. Now you can select the "
"bookmarklet from any page in the site."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:22
msgid "Documentation for this page"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/bookmarklets.html:23
msgid ""
"Jumps you from any page to the documentation for the view that generates "
"that page."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:17
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:9
msgid "Tags"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:18
msgid "List of all the template tags and their functions."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:20
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:9
msgid "Filters"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:21
msgid ""
"Filters are actions which can be applied to variables in a template to alter "
"the output."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:23
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:16
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_index.html:10
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_index.html:14
msgid "Models"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:24
msgid ""
"Models are descriptions of all the objects in the system and their "
"associated fields. Each model has a list of fields which can be accessed as "
"template variables"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:26
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:8
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:9
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:12
msgid "Views"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:27
msgid ""
"Each page on the public site is generated by a view. The view defines which "
"template is used to generate the page and which objects are available to "
"that template."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/index.html:30
msgid "Tools for your browser to quickly access admin functionality."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/missing_docutils.html:10
msgid "Please install docutils"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/missing_docutils.html:17
#, python-format
msgid ""
"The admin documentation system requires Python's docutils library."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/missing_docutils.html:19
#, python-format
msgid ""
"Please ask your administrators to install docutils."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:21
#, python-format
msgid "Model: %(name)s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:30
msgid "Fields"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:35
msgid "Field"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:36
msgid "Type"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:37
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:60
msgid "Description"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:53
msgid "Methods with arguments"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:58
msgid "Method"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:59
msgid "Arguments"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_detail.html:76
msgid "Back to Model documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_index.html:18
msgid "Model documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/model_index.html:43
msgid "Model groups"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:8
msgid "Templates"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:13
#, python-format
msgid "Template: %(name)s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:16
#, python-format
msgid "Template: \"%(name)s\""
msgstr ""

#. Translators: Search is not a verb here, it qualifies path (a search path)
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:19
#, python-format
msgid "Search path for template \"%(name)s\":"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:21
msgid "(does not exist)"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_detail.html:25
msgid "Back to Documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:12
msgid "Template filters"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:16
msgid "Template filter documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:22
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:43
msgid "Built-in filters"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_filter_index.html:23
#, python-format
msgid ""
"To use these filters, put %(code)s in your template before "
"using the filter."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:12
msgid "Template tags"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:16
msgid "Template tag documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:22
#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:43
msgid "Built-in tags"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/template_tag_index.html:23
#, python-format
msgid ""
"To use these tags, put %(code)s in your template before using "
"the tag."
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:12
#, python-format
msgid "View: %(name)s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:23
msgid "Context:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:28
msgid "Templates:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_detail.html:32
msgid "Back to View documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:16
msgid "View documentation"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:22
msgid "Jump to namespace"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:27
msgid "Empty namespace"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:40
#, python-format
msgid "Views by namespace %(name)s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:42
msgid "Views by empty namespace"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/templates/admin_doc/view_index.html:49
#, python-format
msgid ""
"\n"
"    View function: %(full_name)s. Name: %(url_name)s</"
"code>.\n"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:78 contrib/admindocs/views.py:80
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:82
msgid "tag:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:109 contrib/admindocs/views.py:111
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:113
msgid "filter:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:158 contrib/admindocs/views.py:160
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:162
msgid "view:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:190
#, python-format
msgid "App %(app_label)r not found"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:194
#, python-format
msgid "Model %(model_name)r not found in app %(app_label)r"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:200 contrib/admindocs/views.py:202
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:217 contrib/admindocs/views.py:240
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:245 contrib/admindocs/views.py:260
#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:295 contrib/admindocs/views.py:300
msgid "model:"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:213
#, python-format
msgid "the related `%(app_label)s.%(data_type)s` object"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:233 contrib/admindocs/views.py:287
#, python-format
msgid "related `%(app_label)s.%(object_name)s` objects"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:240 contrib/admindocs/views.py:295
#, python-format
msgid "all %s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:245 contrib/admindocs/views.py:300
#, python-format
msgid "number of %s"
msgstr ""

#: contrib/admindocs/views.py:388
#, python-format
msgid "%s does not appear to be a urlpattern object"
msgstr ""


Inhibition of inflammatory endothelial responses by a pathway involving caspase activation and p65 cleavage.
Suppression of NF kappa B activation has been involved in the elimination of survival programs during endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. We used alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) to trigger apoptosome formation and the subsequent activation of executioner caspases. The level of bcl-2 was reduced by alpha-TOS, and its downregulation potentiated and its overexpression suppressed pro-apoptotic effects of alpha-TOS, indicating a mitochondrial role in alpha-TOS-induced apoptosis in EC. alpha-TOS treatment was associated with induction of TUNEL-positive apoptosis in EC with a high but not with a low proliferation index. The use of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk suggested the involvement of caspases in cleavage of p65, and in inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65 and NF kappa B-dependent transactivation of a gene construct encoding the green fluorescence protein elicited by TNF alpha in contact-arrested EC. The suppression by alpha-TOS of inflammatory EC responses induced by TNF alpha such as VCAM-1 mRNA and surface protein expression and shear-resistant arrest of monocytic cells were also reversed by z-VAD.fmk. NF kappa B-dependent transactivation was preserved in alpha-TOS-treated EC stably transfected with a caspase-noncleavable p65 mutant but not with its truncated form, thus establishing a direct link between alpha-TOS-induced effects and p65 cleavage. Our data infer a pathway by which caspase activation in EC inhibits NF kappa B-dependent inflammatory activation and monocyte recruitment, and provide evidence for a relationship between pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways.


Château de Vallègue

The Château de Vallègue is a mediaeval castle in the commune of Vallègue in the Haute-Garonne département of France.

The castle is the best preserved part of the ancient fortified village, mentioned since 1273 as a royal possession. It was sold several times during the 19th century. Containing disparate elements from different epochs, it owes its unity to the long north façade. Of particular note are the walls (both outside and in), the roofs, the mediaeval vaulted cellar and grain stores.

Privately owned, it has been listed since 2003 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

See also
List of castles in France

External links
 Ministry of Culture listing for Château de Vallègue

Sources
 www.culture.gouv.fr, accessed 17 March 2008

Category:Castles in Haute-Garonne
Category:Châteaux in Haute-Garonne
Category:Monuments historiques of Haute-Garonne


Bruce-Monroe Elementary School at Park View

Bruce-Monroe Elementary School at Park View is a bilingual elementary school in Washington, D.C.. Named after Blanche Bruce and James Monroe, it has been located in the historic Park View School in the city's Park View neighborhood since 2008. It is part of the District of Columbia Public Schools.

Park View School

The building was designed by architect Snowden Ashford in 1916. It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on May 24, 2012, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 2013. The school continues to serve the community as an elementary school.

The origin of the school can be traced back to the efforts of the Park View Citizens' Association and their persistent appeal to Congress for funds to purchase the land and build a school for the white children in their growing neighborhood. Ashford designed the school in his preferred style of Collegiate Gothic. Unusual for an elementary school, Ashford's design included a dedicated auditorium with a notable wooden truss that supports the auditorium roof.

Originally a 16-room structure, the school quickly became too small for the needs of the community. In 1920 the progressive platoon school model was adopted, unique in Washington, which helped address the school's space problem. In 1929, 57 Park View students went on strike to protest the school district's attempt to shift enrollment to the Monroe School, in part because of the "gradual encroachment of the colored population on the Monroe School area."

In 1931, two new wings were added to the building to again provide room for the growing enrollment.

Blanche Kelso Bruce Elementary School

The Blanche K. Bruce School was an all-black school and community center during the Jim Crow era. In July 1898, the District of Columbia public school trustees ordered that a then new public school building on Marshall Street be named the Bruce School in his honor. The Bruce School building was designed by architect William M. Poindexter in Renaissance Revival style of red brick with stone and pressed metal trim, with two floors of four rooms each. In 1927, a Colonial Revival style eight-room annex was constructed, designed by architect Albert L. Harris.

Marshall Street later became Kenyon Street. The Bruce School building became the charter Caesar Chavez Prep Middle School in 2009, named for the Mexican-American labor organizer Cesar Chavez. After the teachers unionized in 2017, the school was closed by the Chavez Schools in 2019.

The building was designated a D.C. historic site on November 20, 2014 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2015.

James Monroe Elementary School

Opened in 1889 as an all-white school, the James Monroe School was switched to an all-black school in 1931 as the neighborhood's racial makeup changed and white enrollment declined. It was razed in 1971, with the exception of its auditorium, to make way for the integrated Bruce-Monroe Elementary School.

Bruce-Monroe Elementary School
In 1969, Congress appropriated funds to construct the Bruce-Monroe school to replace the Bruce and Monroe Schools; construction began in 1971. In the fall of 1972, the Bruce-Monroe Elementary School opened on Georgia Avenue in Park View north of Howard University as an integrated school with an open-space classroom design.

In 2008, the Bruce-Monroe Elementary School was relocated from Georgia Avenue to the Park View School campus. The former building, including the historic Monroe auditorium, was razed in 2009. Following local activism to resist the construction of a parking lot, the school's former location became the Bruce Monroe Community Park and Garden in 2010.

References

External links

Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Washington, D.C.
Category:Public elementary schools in Washington, D.C.
Category:School buildings completed in 1916
Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Category:District of Columbia Public Schools


Q:

$\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x) = g(x) \implies \lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}^{'}(x) = g^{'}(x) $

Let $f_{n} :\mathbb R \to\mathbb R$ be differentiable for each $n \in\mathbb N$ with $|f_{n}^{'}(x)|  ≤ 1$ for all $n$ and $x$.
Assume $\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x) = g(x) $ for all $x$. Is $\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}^{'}(x) = g^{'}(x) $?
I believe it is true, and that one can show it by taking the appropriate limits with respect to some $h \to 0$.
Something of the sort:
$\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x) = g(x)$
$-\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x) = -g(x)$
$\lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x+h) - \lim_{n\to\infty} f_{n}(x) = g(x+h) -g(x)$
$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{f_{n}(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{g(x+h) -g(x)}{h}$
$\lim_{h\to 0} \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{f_{n}(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{g(x+h) -g(x)}{h}$

A:

There's no reason for $f_n'(x)$ to even converge.  Consider, for instance, $$f_n(x) = \dfrac {\sin(nx)}n$$
Clearly $f_n \to 0$ pointwise on $\mathbb{R}$. However the sequence of derivatives $f^{'}_{n} = \cos(nx)$ does not converge pointwise on $\mathbb{R}$:
$$f^{'}_n(\pi) = (-1)^{n}$$

A:

In order for your assertion to be true, we need one more hypothesis, namely:
$\{f_n'\}$ converges uniformly.
The proof of this can be found on page 152, theorem 7.17 of Principles of Mathematical Analysis by Rudin.
EDIT: For those who don't have the book, the proof is a little involved, so I will just be providing a sketch.
First we notice that we have to prove $\lim_{n\to \infty}\lim_{t\to x}\frac{f_n(t) - f_n(x)}{t-x} = \lim_{t\to x}\frac{f(t) - f(x)}{t-x}$. Wouldn't it be so much easier if we could interchange the limits? Well, as a matter of fact we can, after a bit of justification. Let's look at the theorem that allows us to do so (I won't be proving it over here).
The theorem states that if $f_n$ converges uniformly to a function, then $\lim_{t\to x}\lim_{n\to \infty}f_n(t) = \lim_{n\to\infty}\lim_{t\to x}f_n(t)$
Let $\phi_n(t) = \frac{f_n(t) - f_n(x)}{t-x}$ and $\phi(t) = \frac{f(t) - f(x)}{t-x}$. If we could prove $\lim_{n\to\infty}\phi_n(t) = \phi(t)$ UNIFORMLY, then we could just take the limit as $t\rightarrow x$, interchange the limit and be done.
So how do we prove uniform convergence? Consider $\phi_n(t) - \phi_m(t)$. We need to make this arbitrarily small for large enough n and m. Looking at its form, it would be nice if we could bound the derivative of $f_n - f_m$ and then use the mean value theorem.
Bounding the derivative is easy enough. It's straight from our hypothesis- $\{f'\}$ converges uniformly i.e. $|f_n'(t) - f_m'(t)| < \epsilon$ for large enough m and n. So this fact coupled with MVT should prove uniform convergence of $\phi_n$. Since our hypothesis tells us that $f_n\rightarrow f$ point-wise, we can conclude that $\lim_{n\to \infty}\phi_n(t) = \phi(t)$ uniformly.
Now that we have proved uniform convergence, we can use the theorem that allows us to interchange limits. Taking the limit of $t\rightarrow x$ on both sides and interchanging limits on the left side should give us what we want.
I will leave it to you to fill in the gaps. Anyone, feel free to correct me if I went wrong somewhere.


Low holotranscobalamin II is the earliest serum marker for subnormal vitamin B12 (cobalamin) absorption in patients with AIDS.
In AIDS, as previously found in pernicious anemia (PA), the earliest serum marker of subnormal vitamin B12 (cobalamin) absorption, and therefore of negative B12 balance, is low serum holotranscobalamin II (holo-TC II; B12-TC II) despite normal total serum B12 level, normal serum homocysteine, and normal classic (oral free radio-B12) Schilling test. This may be accompanied by subtle and insidious damage to hematopoietic, immunologic, neuropsychiatric, nutritional and alimentary systems, confirmed by correction on therapeutic trial with B12 therapy. Our studies suggest such selective B12 deficiency occurs in about half of the HIV-1 infected, in part due to frequent depression of B12 absorption by HIV-1 attack on the gastric mucosa and/or opportunistic infection attack on the small bowel, and in part due to a telescoping of the continuum of the stages of negative B12 balance in relation to damage to B12 delivery by the infective and/or systemic disease process. In AIDS, when total serum B12 is normal despite tissue depletion of B12, if the classic Schilling test does not reveal subnormal food B12 absorption, the food Schilling test does. We hypothesize that DNA-synthesizing cells of the hematopoietic, immunologic, neurologic and other systems which have surface receptors solely for holo-TC II, and which have low B12 stores, rapidly become dysfunctional due to B12 deficiency when holo-TC II is low, while cells (such as liver cells) which also have surface receptors for holohaptocorrin (B12-haptocorrin) remain B12-replete. We believe this to be another example of the concept of selective nutrient deficiency in one cell line but not another.


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About the Book

The Progressive Era was among the most volatile times for the economy and labor in American History. Daniel E. Saros explores the institutional and economic conditions of this time, revealing new insight into the regulated nature of industry and the conditions of labor. Using the steel industry as a case study, Saros demonstrates how the United States Steel Corporation enhanced the performance of the steel industry by initiating a price and wage stabilization program. In an effort to combat potential threats from the federal government, the American public, and organized labor to the market stabilization program and mechanization drive, the steel companies introduced a paternalistic welfare program, company unions, and limited hours reform. Saros also contrasts this time with free market periods, examining the impacts on rates of profit, output growth, and capital accumulation.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1. A Theoretical Framework for the Historical Analysis of American Industry 2. The Structure and Performance of the Progressive Era Regulationist Institutional Structure (RIS) 3. Regulation in the Era of Big Steel 4. The Consequences of Progressive Era Regulation for the Steelworkers 5. Analytical Results of the Case Study. Conclusion


//------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//------------------------------------------------------------

using Windows.ApplicationModel;

namespace Microsoft.WindowsAzure.MobileServices
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Concurrent;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
    using Windows.Data.Xml.Dom;

    ///
    /// Define a class help to create/update/delete notification registrations
    ///
    public sealed class Push
    {
        internal readonly PushHttpClient PushHttpClient;

        private const string PrimaryChannelId = "$Primary";

        internal Push(IMobileServiceClient client)
            : this(client, string.Empty, null)
        {
        }

        private Push(IMobileServiceClient client, string tileId, SecondaryTilesList tiles)
        {
            if (client == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("client");
            }

            this.Client = client;
            this.TileId = tileId;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tileId))
            {
                tileId = PrimaryChannelId;
            }

            MobileServiceClient internalClient = client as MobileServiceClient;
            if (internalClient == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Client must be a MobileServiceClient object");
            }
            this.PushHttpClient = new PushHttpClient(internalClient);

            this.SecondaryTiles = tiles ?? new SecondaryTilesList(this);
        }

        ///
        /// The TileId associated with this specific object. String.Empty is default if not created via SecondaryTiles property.
        ///
        public string TileId { get; private set; }

        ///
        /// Access this member with an indexer to access secondary tile registrations. Example: push.SecondaryTiles["tileName"].RegisterNativeAsync("mychannelUri");
        ///
        public IDictionary<string, Push> SecondaryTiles { get; set; }

        ///
        /// Installation Id used to register the device with Notification Hubs
        ///
        public string InstallationId
        {
            get
            {
                return this.Client.InstallationId;
            }
        }

        private IMobileServiceClient Client { get; set; }

        ///
        /// Register an Installation with particular channelUri
        ///
        /// <param name="channelUri">The channelUri to register</param>
        /// <returns>Task that completes when registration is complete</returns>
        public Task RegisterAsync(string channelUri)
        {
            return this.RegisterAsync(channelUri, null, null);
        }

        ///
        /// Register an Installation with particular channelUri and templates
        ///
        /// <param name="channelUri">The channelUri to register</param>
        /// <param name="templates">JSON with one more templates to register</param>
        /// <returns>Task that completes when registration is complete</returns>
        public Task RegisterAsync(string channelUri, JObject templates)
        {
            return this.RegisterAsync(channelUri, templates, null);
        }

        ///
        /// Register an Installation with particular channelUri, templates and secondaryTiles
        ///
        /// <param name="channelUri">The channelUri to register</param>
        /// <param name="templates">JSON with one more templates to register</param>
        /// <param name="secondaryTiles">JSON with one more templates to register secondaryTiles</param>
        /// <returns>Task that completes when registration is complete</returns>
        public Task RegisterAsync(string channelUri, JObject templates, JObject secondaryTiles)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(channelUri))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("channelUri");
            }
            JObject installation = new JObject();
            installation[PushInstallationProperties.PUSHCHANNEL] = channelUri;
            installation[PushInstallationProperties.PLATFORM] = Platform.Instance.PushUtility.GetPlatform();
            if (templates != null)
            {
                installation[PushInstallationProperties.TEMPLATES] = templates;
            }
            if (secondaryTiles != null)
            {
                installation[PushInstallationProperties.SECONDARYTILES] = secondaryTiles;
            }
            return this.PushHttpClient.CreateOrUpdateInstallationAsync(installation);
        }

        ///
        /// Unregister any installations previously registered from this device
        ///
        /// <returns>Task that completes when unregister is complete</returns>
        public Task UnregisterAsync()
        {
            return this.PushHttpClient.DeleteInstallationAsync();
        }

        ///
        /// Collection of Push objects for secondary tiles
        ///
        private class SecondaryTilesList : IDictionary<string, Push>
        {
            private readonly Push parent;
            private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Push> hubForTiles = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Push>();

            internal SecondaryTilesList(Push parent)
            {
                this.parent = parent;
            }

            public ICollection<string> Keys
            {
                get { return this.hubForTiles.Keys; }
            }

            public ICollection<Push> Values
            {
                get { return this.hubForTiles.Values; }
            }

            public int Count
            {
                get { return this.hubForTiles.Count; }
            }

            public bool IsReadOnly
            {
                get { return false; }
            }

            ///
            /// Indexer for creating/looking up tileId-specific Push objects
            ///
            /// <param name="tileId">The tileId of a secondary tile</param>
            /// <returns>Push object for performing registrations on</returns>
            public Push this[string tileId]
            {
                get
                {
                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tileId))
                    {
                        throw new ArgumentNullException("tileId");
                    }

                    if (this.hubForTiles.ContainsKey(tileId))
                    {
                        return this.hubForTiles[tileId];
                    }

                    var hubForTile = new Push(this.parent.Client, tileId, this);
                    return this.hubForTiles.GetOrAdd(tileId, hubForTile);
                }

                set
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException();
                }
            }

            public void Add(string key, Push value)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }

            public bool ContainsKey(string tileId)
            {
                return this.hubForTiles.ContainsKey(tileId);
            }

            public bool Remove(string tileId)
            {
                Push hub;
                return this.hubForTiles.TryRemove(tileId, out hub);
            }

            public bool TryGetValue(string tileId, out Push value)
            {
                return this.hubForTiles.TryGetValue(tileId, out value);
            }

            public void Add(KeyValuePair<string, Push> item)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }

            public void Clear()
            {
                this.hubForTiles.Clear();
            }

            public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<string, Push> item)
            {
                return this.hubForTiles.Contains(item);
            }

            public void CopyTo(KeyValuePair<string, Push>[] array, int arrayIndex)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Push> item in this.hubForTiles)
                {
                    array[arrayIndex++] = new KeyValuePair<string, Push>(item.Key, item.Value);
                }
            }

            public bool Remove(KeyValuePair<string, Push> item)
            {
                return this.Remove(item.Key);
            }

            public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<string, Push>> GetEnumerator()
            {
                return this.hubForTiles.GetEnumerator();
            }

            System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
            {
                return this.hubForTiles.GetEnumerator();
            }
        }
    }
}


New Britton, Indiana

New Britton is an unincorporated community in Delaware Township, Hamilton County, Indiana.

History
New Britton was laid out in 1851. A post office was established at New Britton in 1856, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1907.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Hamilton County, Indiana
Category:Unincorporated communities in Indiana
Category:Indianapolis metropolitan area


Resolutions for Self Improvement That Are Specific, Measurable & Attainable

A new year is approaching and with it comes the urge to accomplish new goals, make improvements in our lives, and break bad habits. Many of these resolutions are related to our health. A New Year’s resolution can be the starting motivation to improve our overall well-being and that’s a good thing! This fresh resolve and optimism are often short-lived, however. In fact, it is generally thought that more than half of all resolutions fail.

Why is this true and what can we do to successfully achieve our objective to be healthier?

First, don’t set vague undefined goals. Make your resolution specific. Rather than resolve to “get in shape,” commit to walk a predefined number of steps each day. Instead of saying “I am going to eat healthier,” try “I am going to forego eating red meat on Mondays and Wednesdays.” If you are resolving to get more sleep, pledge to turn the lights out 15 minutes earlier than usual 4 days a week. Setting clear and concrete plans will be more effective.

The importance of setting specific goals leads us right to the second aspect of successful goal achievement. Your goal should be measurable. By making resolutions that have specific and measurable steps, we can hold ourselves objectively accountable. If you did not walk those extra steps, your fitness tracker won’t lie to you. Having a measure of your success can be a strong motivator; it also allows you the enjoyment of celebrating when you actually succeed!

Thirdly, set goals that are attainable. This doesn’t mean that you can’t dream big about the things you want to achieve, but making resolutions that are too difficult to attain can leave you feeling frustrated and more likely to give up. Your resolutions should inspire you, not discourage you. So make sure they are within reach.

Lastly, set up a timeframe for reaching your goals. Be realistic about the time you need to achieve your objectives. Having a target date for specific steps can help you maintain your determination. Deadlines are also key to personal accountability.

As with all attempts at self-improvement, do your best to maintain a positive attitude and don’t beat yourself up if you hit some roadblocks along the way. Ultimately, New Year’s resolutions can be a great kick-start to a happier, healthier you. Cheers!

Schedule Appointment

Call us at (973) 466-9828 or click the button to schedule your appointment!


The newest state holiday will be celebrated each year on the 44th president’s birthday, beginning in 2018.

The holiday will be “observed throughout the State as a day set apart to honor the 44th President of the United States of America who began his career serving the People of Illinois in both the Illinois State Senate and the United States Senate, and dedicated his life to protecting the rights of Americans and building bridges across communities,” Senate Bill 55 reads.

Obama is one of several Illinoisans that have been honored with their own commemorative ‘Day’, such as Ronald Reagan, Jane Addams, and Adlai Stevenson. These days in honor are not official state holidays, so banks, offices, and schools remain open.

That wasn’t the original intent of the Democrats, however.

Democrats’ efforts to make Obama’s birthday a legal state holiday – during which schools and state offices would close, while banks and businesses could, but would not be required to close – stalled after some lawmakers voiced concern that other Illinois presidents, like Reagan, do not have similar holidays.

Republicans, including Rauner, also noted the economic cost of closing state buildings on the holiday, and the impact of workers having the day off.

“It’s incredibly proud for Illinois that the president came from Illinois. I think it’s awesome, and I think we should celebrate it,” Rauner told reporters in February. “I don’t think it should be a formal holiday with paid, forced time off, but I think it should be a day of acknowledgment and celebration.”
Source: NBC Chicago

So, how would you celebrate August 4 in Illinois?

Here are our ClashDaily suggestions:

– Weaponize government agencies against your political enemies (the IRS, FBI, and the DOJ are all options)
– Side with a tyrannical theocracy against the citizens of Iran
– Make a speech about how your house was built by slaves
– Hot mic moment with a Russian promising ‘flexibility’
– Keep your doctor if you like your doctor
– If you break a promise that you never intended to keep, say it’s racism
– Tell all cops that they’re anti-black racists — including the black cops
– Systemically attack the one news network that dares to tell the truth
– Throw a baseball and/or ride a bike in the most effeminate way possible

Doug Giles, best-selling author of Raising Righteous And Rowdy Girls and Editor-In-Chief of the mega-blog, ClashDaily.com, has just penned a book he guarantees will kick hipster males into the rarefied air of masculinity. That is, if the man-child will put down his frappuccino; shut the hell up and listen and obey everything he instructs them to do in his timely and tornadic tome. Buy Now:The Effeminization Of The American Male

ClashDaily's Associate Editor since August 2016.
Self-described political junkie, anti-Third Wave Feminist, and a nightmare to the 'intersectional' crowd. Mrs. Walker has taken a stand against 'white privilege' education in public schools. She's also an amateur Playwright, occasional Drama teacher, and staunch defender of the Oxford comma.
Follow her humble musings on Twitter: @TheMrsKnowItAll

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The above video shows a SUV crashing through the front wall of a barbershop in Anchorage, Alaska. Shop owner Heng Song paused to make sure that no one was hurt, and then resumed cutting the hair of his customer:

He was momentarily stunned, yes, when the vehicle burst through a door and window Wednesday afternoon as he was clipping a customer's hair.

But with no one hurt, and another customer in the shop already notifying police, the 53-year-old shop owner went back to finishing the cut.

On top of that, Song gave both customers haircuts on the house. He says it's the least he could do.


Island Coast hangs on to beat Hudson, 70-61

November 23, 2012

Island Coast built a big lead in the third quarter, and then held on for an exciting win against Hudson, 70-61, at the Island Coast Turkey Shootout Friday night.

The game started out fast with Hudson breaking out to at 13-6 lead, but Island Coast settled down and scored the last seven points of the quarter to knot it at 13 after the first period.

The Gators speed was hard to defend, and so they got to the free throw line by driving to the hoop and getting fouled.

Article Photos

DavID Morency

Ida Baker Bulldog Mike Perez tries to get a rebound from Naples’ Oliver Zaiser in the Turkey Shootout held at Island Coast High School on Friday.

DAvID Morency

Ida Baker Bulldog Nate Evans tries to take a shot over the outstretched arm of Naples’ Johnny Baker in the Turkey Shoot Out help at Island Coast High School Friday.

DavID Morency

Ida Baker Bulldog Mark Medina looses control of the ball with Naples Oliver Zaiser covering in a Turkey Shoot Out game held at Island Coast High School Friday.

Hudson was also bothered all night by Island Coast's changing defensive strategies. The Gators moved from half-court traps to full-court presses every few times down court.

"We're good at the half-court trap because of our length (meaning his players have long and agile arms), and we're good at the full-court press because of our speed," said Gator Head Coach Greg Coleman. "But we've got to do a better job of closing the game out."

With just over two minutes left in the third quarter, the Gators had climbed to a 52-35 lead, and looked ready to pull away even more. They were causing several turnovers by the Cobra ball handlers.

But then Hudson showed some spark and cut it to 54-41 at the end of three quarters. They threw in their own wrinkle and pressed full-court, which caught Island Coast off guard. The Gators gave up the ball several times, and a Cobra basket at 3:52 left brought them to within five at 62-57.

Normally a team with a five-point lead opts for ball control and looks for a good shot, but the Gators kept shooting threes, and giving the Cobras even more opportunities. Fortunately for Island Coast, Morgan Foreman hit one, and gave the Gators a more comfortable lead.

"We really want better clock management at the end of the game," said Coleman, "We'd rather have a lay-up than a three-point shot. But that will come. We have 11 new guys on the team this year, so I'm happy the way they are sharing the ball."

Hudson Head Coach Jason Vetter was happy to be able to come down to the Turkey Shootout.

"We probably won't face this kind of defense (1-3-1 trap) in our conference," he said. "So if we make it to regionals at the end of the season, this kind of exposure is good for us."

Junior Sonel Mathurin was playing in only his second organized game ever. He pulled down 21 rebounds for the Gators.

Suiting up only nine players for the game, the Cobras relied heavily on Zack Petersen in the second half. He scored 20 of his team's 36 second half points. He led all scorers with 25.

The two-day round-robin tournament is the second for Island Coast. It expanded from eight teams last year to 16 this year.

Hudson plays Saturday morning against Community School of Naples while Island Coast hosts Naples Saturday night.

C.S. Naples 82, Ida Baker 24: Friday's second game of the young season was no better than Monday's opener for the Ida Baker Bulldogs, who shot poorly and played poorly in a lopsided defeat at the hands of Community School of Naples in the Island Coast Thanksgiving Shootout.

The Bulldogs (0-2) converted on just 22 percent of their field goal attempts, including 3-of-27 from the three-point arc. They failed to score in double digits in each of the four quarters.


Hillary Clinton reflects on the 2016 campaign in her new book 'What Happened.' Morning Joe has an exclusive first look.


Ultra-compact 32-channel drop filter with 100 GHz spacing.
We demonstrated 32-channel drop filters with 100 GHz spacing consisting of arrayed nanocavities and a waveguide in a photonic crystal silicon slab. Changing the lattice constant of the nanocavities on the subnanometer scale successfully controlled the drop wavelengths at 100 GHz spacing in the wavelength range between 1510 and 1550 nm. The device size was as small as 15 μm × 270 μm, and the variation in drop wavelengths was less than 0.3 nm in terms of standard deviation. We also present a movie showing the operation of the drop filter, demonstrating that the arrayed nanocavities have the potential for developing ultracompact 100 GHz spaced filters in a dense wavelength division multiplexing system.


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Opioids are effective drugs that play an important role in pain management for many Canadians. Our data shows that rates of harm due to opioid poisoning continue to rise across Canada — hospitalizations have increased by 27% over the past 5 years.
Find out more about opioid poisoning and our work on opioids.


                                                   NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                             _______________

                                  No. 13-1984
                                _______________

                        UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                        v.

                           CARL F. CHRISTOPHER;
                          CEDELLE CHRISTOPHER,

                                                   Appellants
                                _______________

              On Appeal from the District Court of the Virgin Islands
                         (D.C. Civil No. 1-99-cv-00196)
                     District Judge: Hon. Wilma A. Lewis
                               _______________

                 Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                               December 10, 2013

          BEFORE: FISHER, COWEN AND NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                             (Filed: January 10, 2014)

                                _______________

                                   OPINION
                                _______________

COWEN, Circuit Judge.
       The defendant-appellants, Carl F. Christopher and Cedelle Christopher (together,

“the Christophers”), appeal the grant of summary judgment against them and in favor of

the plaintiff-appellee, the United States of America (“the Government”). We will affirm.

Because we write primarily for the parties, we here provide only a brief recitation of the

pertinent facts and procedural history.1

       In 1981, the Government loaned the Christophers $37,450 (“the Loan”) pursuant

to Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (“Title V”), 42 U.S.C. § 1471 et seq.2 The Loan

was secured by a promissory note (“the Note”) and a mortgage (“the Mortgage”), which

encumbered property owned by the Christophers (“the Property”). In May of 1990, the

Christophers and the Government executed a “Reamortization and/or Deferral

Agreement” for the then-unpaid balance of the Loan (“the Agreement”).

       The Government filed a complaint against the Christophers in 1999, raising claims

for both breach of the note and foreclosure on the Property. It sought summary judgment

in its favor in September of 2011,3 and represented that the Christophers stopped making

       1
         A comprehensive account of the facts underlying this appeal appears in United
States v. Christopher, No. 1999-196, 2012 WL 2062360, at *1-3 (D.V.I. June 8, 2012).
       2
        Title V permitted the Government “to extend financial and technical assistance
through the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) to low-income rural residents who
[sought] to obtain housing.” Block v. Neal, 460 U.S. 289, 290 (1983).
       3
         That action was stayed from April of 2000 until September of 2008, and again
from November of 2008 until February of 2010, pending resolution of a class action
brought against the Secretary of Agriculture by Virgin Islanders who alleged “national
origin discrimination in [the] administration of federal rural housing loan programs and
monies.” Chiang v. Schafer, No. 2000-04, 2008 WL 3925260, at *1 (D.V.I. Aug. 20,
2008). That suit was ultimately dismissed, and the dismissal upheld on appeal. See
generally V.I. Class Plaintiffs v. Vilsack, 362 F. App’x 252, 252-54 (3d Cir. 2010).
                                             2
payments on the Note and fell into default in August of 1997. It also represented that, as

of September 7, 2011, the Christophers owed the Government $163,217.77. Interest

continued to accrue.

       The Christophers opposed the Government’s motion, arguing that three genuine

issues of material fact precluded a grant of summary judgment. Specifically, they argued

that the parties disputed: (1) whether the Government fairly treated the Christophers and

serviced their loan; (2) how much money, if any, the Christophers owed the Government;

and (3) whether the Christophers’ debt was discharged pursuant to settlement of their

claim in Pigford v. Glickman, D.D.C. Nos. 97-1978 & 98-1693.4 Each argument was

considered and rejected by the District Court. See Christopher, 2012 WL 2062360, at

*5-7. The District Court also independently concluded that the Government established

that it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See id. at *4.5

       “We exercise plenary review over a district court’s grant of summary judgment,

applying the same standard that the district court should have applied.” Klein v. Weidner,

729 F.3d 280, 283 (3d Cir. 2013). A grant of summary judgment is appropriate where the

movant establishes “that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a).

       4
        Pigford was a class action brought against the Secretary of Agriculture by
African-American who alleged violations of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, 15 U.S.C.
§ 1691. See, e.g., Pigford v. Glickman, 206 F.3d 1212, 1213-16 (D.C. Cir. 2000).
       5
        The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 48 U.S.C. § 1612 and 28 U.S.C.
§ 1345. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

                                              3
       For the same reasons stated in the District Court’s thorough and well-reasoned

opinion, we find that the Christophers have not established a genuine dispute of material

fact and conclude that that the Government is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. We

will, therefore, affirm the June 8, 2012 order of the District Court, which granted the

Government’s motion for summary judgment.

                                             4


     Case: 11-60230     Document: 00511645228         Page: 1     Date Filed: 10/26/2011

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                     Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                         October 26, 2011

                                     No. 11-60230                          Lyle W. Cayce
                                   Summary Calendar                             Clerk

TIME INSURANCE COMPANY,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellee
v.

ESTATE OF LARRYE J. WHITE, also known as Larrye J. White;
PATSY WHITE,

                                                  Defendants-Appellants

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of Mississippi
                         Case No. 1:08-CV-16-HSO-JMR

Before BENAVIDES, STEWART, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Defendants-Appellants, Patsy White and the estate of her deceased
husband, Larrye J. White, appeal the district court’s grant of summary judgment
and entry of declaratory judgment in favor of Plaintiff-Appellee, Time Insurance
Co. (“Time”), with respect to its obligations under a health insurance policy. As

        *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
   Case: 11-60230   Document: 00511645228      Page: 2   Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                  No. 11-60230

there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and as the insurance policy is
unambiguous, we AFFIRM the district court’s judgment.
                                        I.
      In May 2005, Larrye J. and Patsy White (“the Whites”) applied for a health
insurance policy from Time. In support of its motion for summary judgment,
Time produced an application signed by the Whites, dated May 25, 2005, which
Time received via facsimile and maintained in its electronic records. The first
page of the application reflects a yearly maximum outpatient benefit of $2,500
and a maximum annual benefit of $100,000.           At the top of each of the
sequentially-numbered seven pages of the faxed application is the Whites’ fax
machine number. Although Larrye White acknowledged in his deposition that
he signed the application as reflected in Time’s records, the Whites’ dispute that
the policy they applied for contained the $2,500 yearly maximum outpatient
benefit.
      After submitting their application, the Whites completed a medical history
review. Based upon the results of the review, Time awarded insurance coverage
to the Whites, contingent upon their agreement to certain exclusions in coverage.
Specifically, Time excluded treatment for Larrye White’s allergies and Patsy
White’s asthma, and increased the monthly premium. On June 7, 2005, the
Whites formally agreed to these changes by signing special exception riders to
the insurance policy, which were faxed to Time. The riders also reflected policy
certificate number 0058461251.
      On June 15, 2005, Time sent the Whites’ insurance agent, Albert W.
Small, a copy of their health insurance policy, certificate number 0058461251,
and an acceptance of offer and attestation form for them to sign. The policy
reflected a calendar year maximum benefit of $100,000 for each insured, and a
calendar year maximum benefit for outpatient services of $2,500 for each

                                        2
   Case: 11-60230    Document: 00511645228    Page: 3   Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                 No. 11-60230

insured. The policy also provided a 10-day right to examine; if the insureds were
unsatisfied, all premiums would be returned and all coverage would be void.
      On July 21, 2005, Patsy White called Time because she was concerned that
her failure to return the acceptance of offer form might result in a lapse in
coverage. At the beginning of the call, Patsy was prompted to provide the policy
number, and she recited 0058461251-M, as reflected in the packet delivered by
Time to Small. The customer service representative, Precious Crowell, assured
Patsy that she and her husband were covered, and Patsy agreed to fax the
acceptance of offer form to Time. On July 27, 2005, the Whites submitted the
signed acceptance of offer form, dated June 20, 2005, which referenced policy
number 0058461251.
      On August 29, 2005, the Whites’ personal belongings, including their copy
of the insurance policy, were destroyed in Hurricane Katrina. In November
2006, Larrye White was diagnosed with cancer.           He received outpatient
chemotherapy treatments, and Time refused to cover expenses beyond the
$2,500 yearly cap for outpatient services as reflected in the policy. On October
22, 2007, Patsy White wrote a letter to Small, stating that the Whites needed to
upgrade the insurance policy beyond the present outpatient limits.
      In support of their position that policy number 0058461251 is not the
policy they agreed to, the Whites rely on Small’s affidavit, in which he asserted
that the policy issued to the Whites did not comply with the application he
submitted to Time.
      On January 16, 2008, Time brought this action, seeking a declaration that
it is not obligated to pay benefits for medical treatments exceeding the $2,500
maximum yearly benefit for outpatient services. On December 10, 2008, the
district court granted Time’s motion for judgment on the pleadings, which was
appealed. On December 21, 2009, a panel of this court vacated the judgment on
the pleadings as a premature disposition of the case, and remanded for further

                                       3
   Case: 11-60230   Document: 00511645228     Page: 4   Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                 No. 11-60230

proceedings.   On March 16, 2010, Larrye White died, and his estate was
substituted as a defendant.
      On March 17, 2011, after voluminous discovery, the district court granted
Time’s motion for summary judgment, and rendered a declaratory judgment in
Time’s favor as requested in the complaint. Appellants timely appealed.
                                       II.
                                       A.
      This court reviews a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo,
applying the same standards as the trial court. See Urbano v. Cont’l Airlines,
Inc., 138 F.3d 204, 205 (5th Cir. 1998). Summary judgment is proper if the
evidence shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that
the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Kee v. City of
Rowlett, 247 F.3d 206, 210 (5th Cir. 2001). “Only disputes over facts that might
affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the
entry of summary judgment.          Factual disputes that are irrelevant or
unnecessary will not be counted.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). The nonmoving party “must identify specific evidence in the record
and articulate the manner in which that evidence supports that party’s claim.”
Johnson v. Deep East Tex. Reg’l Narcotics Trafficking Task Force, 379 F.3d 293,
308 (5th Cir.2004). The identified evidence “must be sufficient to sustain a
finding in favor of the nonmovant on all issues as to which the nonmovant would
bear the burden of proof at trial.” Id. The Court views all evidence in the light
most favorable to the non-moving party and draws all reasonable inferences in
that party’s favor. Crawford v. Formosa Plastics Corp., 234 F.3d 899, 902 (5th
Cir. 2000).
                                       B.
      The parties agree that Mississippi law governs this diversity case. Under
Mississippi law, “[t]he burden of proving coverage rests with the insured.”

                                       4
   Case: 11-60230    Document: 00511645228      Page: 5   Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                  No. 11-60230

Architex Ass’n, Inc. v. Scottsdale Ins. Co., 27 So. 3d 1148, 1157 (Miss. 2010); see
also S. Life & Health Ins. Co. v. Kemp, 300 So. 2d 782, 785 (Miss. 1974) (“The
burden rested upon the beneficiary to establish by some proof that the death of
the insured occurred under circumstances for which the policy provided
coverage.”).
      “[I]nsurance policies are contracts, and their construction and
interpretation is according to the same rules which govern other contracts.”
Provident Life and Acc. Ins. Co. v. Goel, 274 F.3d 984, 991-92 (5th Cir. 2001)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “[I]f a contract is clear and
unambiguous, then it must be interpreted as written.” U.S. Fid. and Guar. Co.
v. Martin, 998 So. 2d 956, 963 (Miss. 2008). “A policy must be considered as a
whole, with all relevant clauses together.” Id. “The most basic principle of
contract law is that contracts must be interpreted by objective, not subjective
standards. A court must effect a determination of the meaning of the language
used, not the ascertainment of some possible but unexpressed intent of the
parties.” Cherry v. Anthony, Gibbs, Sage, 501 So. 2d 416, 419 (Miss. 1987). “The
mere fact that the parties disagree about the meaning of a provision of a contract
does not make the contract ambiguous as a matter of law.” Id. “Parol evidence
as to surrounding circumstances and intent may be brought in where the
contract is ambiguous, but where . . . the contract [i]s found to be unambiguous
it has no place. The parties are bound by the language of the instrument.” Id.
      “An insured, of course, has an affirmative duty to read the terms and
conditions of the insurance policy.” Titan Indem. Co. v. City of Brandon, 27 F.
Supp. 2d 693, 698 (S.D. Miss. 1997) (citing Gulf Guar. Life Ins. Co. v. Kelley, 389
So. 2d 920, 922 (Miss. 1980)). “[I]nsureds are bound as a matter of law by the
knowledge of the contents of a contract in which they entered notwithstanding
whether they actually read the policy.” Stephens v. Equitable Life Assurance
Soc’y, 850 So. 2d 78, 83 (Miss. 2003). “Any alleged oral agreement . . . does not

                                        5
   Case: 11-60230    Document: 00511645228       Page: 6    Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                   No. 11-60230

have any effect on the written insurance contract.” Id. A contracting party “will
not as a general rule be heard to complain of an oral misrepresentation the error
of which would have been disclosed by reading the contract.” Id. at 82 (internal
citation omitted).
      “To prove the content of a writing, . . . the original writing . . . is required
. . . .” Fed. R. Evid. 1002. “If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any
printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately,
is an ‘original.’” Fed. R. Evid. 1001(3). Time provided ample evidence that its
copy of the insurance policy, and the faxed application, riders, and acceptance
of offer form, all signed by the Whites, were maintained by its computers in the
regular course of business and are inalterable. Accordingly, the documents
produced by Time are originals, and are admissible to prove their contents.
      Under Mississippi law, knowledge of the terms of the insurance policy is
imputed to the Whites, regardless of whether they in fact read the policy. In
order to challenge the applicability of policy number 0058461251, Appellants
rely chiefly on the affidavit of Small, which asserts that the policy the Whites
applied for differs from the policy ultimately issued. However, this affidavit fails
to create a genuine issue of material fact. Small’s assertions are immaterial
because all parties are bound by insurance policies actually agreed upon, not by
applications for insurance policies. “[A]n application for insurance is simply an
offer to contract. The potential insurer is free to accept the offer as written or
it may issue a policy different from the one requested in the application.”
Provident, 274 F.3d at 991-92.
      In the present case, the original documents produced by Time reflect that
the Whites applied for policy number 0058461251, such application clearly
reflecting an outpatient maximum of $2,500 and an annual maximum of
$100,000. However, even accepting as true Small’s claim that the Whites
applied for a different policy, the Whites remain bound by their acceptance of

                                          6
   Case: 11-60230   Document: 00511645228      Page: 7   Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                  No. 11-60230

Time’s counter-offer of policy number 0058461251, as reflected in their signed
and returned special exception riders and acceptance of offer form. The policy
itself afforded the Whites an opportunity to read it and revoke it if it did not
meet their satisfaction. Instead of reading the policy they agreed to, the Whites,
after the passing of a number of years, argue that this is not the agreement they
intended to reach. This case is, therefore, similar to Zepponi v. Home Insurance
Co., 161 So. 2d 524 (Miss. 1964), in which an insured challenged the terms of an
insurance policy on the ground that he had never received a copy.             The
Mississippi Supreme Court ruled “as a matter of law that Insured is charged
with knowledge of the terms of the policy upon which he relied for protection for
nearly five years. . . . Human memory is a frail record and the fact of delivery
should not rest thereon after five years.”       Zepponi, 161 So. 2d at 526.
Accordingly, even if the Whites applied for a different policy in 2005, they are
bound by the policy they agreed to, had a duty to read, and relied upon for
protection until the time of Larrye White’s illness.
      Moreover, there is no genuine issue of material fact because Appellants
cannot meet their burden, under Mississippi law, of proving coverage merely by
relying on the unavailability of their own copy of the policy. As expressed above,
pursuant to the Federal Rules of Evidence, the electronic printout of the
insurance policy produced by Time is an original. In opposition to summary
judgment, Appellants submitted six exemplar policies that Time also marketed
at the time of the Whites’ application. However, there is no evidence to establish
which of these alternative policies were ever actually issued to the Whites. In
this respect, this case is similar to Harrow Products, Inc., v. Liberty Mutual
Insurance Co., 64 F.3d 1015 (6th Cir. 1995), in which a company relied on
missing policies to establish an entitlement to coverage. In that case, the Sixth
Circuit ruled that the company could not meet its burden of proving coverage:

                                        7
   Case: 11-60230    Document: 00511645228      Page: 8    Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                  No. 11-60230

      Of course, we cannot state that a party can never prove the terms
      of a policy without a copy of the policy or a reasonable facsimile
      thereof. But the party trying to do so certainly faces a formidable
      burden. Here no jury could find, absent sheer speculation, the scope
      of coverage, the relevant notice requirements, and all of the other
      aspects of the policy, on which coverage often hinges.
Harrow, 64 F.3d at 1021. Likewise, in this case, Appellants’ invitation to
speculate about which policy might have been issued cannot raise a genuine
issue of material fact where an original of the policy is in evidence.
                                        C.
      Lastly, we agree with the district court that the insurance policy is not
ambiguous. The benefits schedule clearly limits coverage to a $2,500 yearly
maximum outpatient benefit and a $100,000 annual maximum benefit.
Appellants assert that the “Covered Medical Services” section of the policy
creates an ambiguity with respect to the maximum benefits. The opening
paragraph of this section states that “Covered Medical Services include only
Covered Charges for the services and supplies listed in this certificate. Charges
are subject to all the terms, limits, and conditions of this plan.” The section goes
on to list twenty-four categories of medical services covered by the policy.
Included in the description of twelve of these types of services, including “X-ray
and laboratory services” and “Sterilization,” is a phrase indicating that this type
of service is limited to the outpatient calendar year maximum. Additionally,
certain categories of services, such as “Wellness services” and “Physical, Speech
& Occupational Therapy” are limited to maximum dollar amounts, such as fifty
or five hundred dollars, in addition to the annual outpatient maximum benefit.
Appellants argue that because the descriptions of the categories of “Hospital
Services” and “Health Care Practitioner Services” do not include a phrase
stating that coverage is limited to the annual outpatient maximum benefit, the

                                         8
   Case: 11-60230    Document: 00511645228      Page: 9    Date Filed: 10/26/2011

                                  No. 11-60230

policy is ambiguous with respect to whether these services are limited by the
maximum benefits as provided in the benefits schedule.
      Upon our independent review of the policy, we determine that there is no
conflict between the “Covered Medical Services” section and the policy benefits
schedule. Rather, the descriptions under the “Covered Medical Services”section
which specifically reference the calendar year maximum outpatient benefit only
clarify that, even if such services could, in context, be characterized as inpatient
services, they remain subject to the maximum outpatient benefit. For instance,
an insured might receive X-ray or chiropractic services while hospitalized
following a car accident. Although receiving those services while a hospital
patient, under the terms of the policy, the insured’s benefits would still be
subject to the yearly maximum outpatient benefit.
      However, “Hospital Services” and “Health Care Practitioner Services”
encompass both inpatient and outpatient services. Whether particular services
falling under these categories are limited to the annual maximum outpatient
benefit depends on whether the services are properly characterized as inpatient
or outpatient. If the services are outpatient services, then they are subject to the
annual maximum outpatient benefit located in the benefits schedule.
Accordingly, taking all relevant clauses together and finding no ambiguity, the
contract must be enforced as written.
                                        III.
      For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.

                                         9