#region License
//
//     MIT License
//
//     CoiniumServ - Crypto Currency Mining Pool Server Software
//     Copyright (C) 2013 - 2017, CoiniumServ Project
//     Hüseyin Uslu, shalafiraistlin at gmail dot com
//     https://github.com/bonesoul/CoiniumServ
//
//     Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//     of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//     in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//     copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//     furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//     The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
//     copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//     AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
//     SOFTWARE.
//
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace CoiniumServ.Utils.Helpers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The enforce.
    /// </summary>
    public static class Enforce
    {
        #region Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Arguments the is valid.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
        /// <param name="message">The message.</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">The predicate.</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException"></exception>
        public static void ArgumentIsValid<T>(T value, string message, Func<T, bool> predicate)
        {
            if (!predicate(value))
                throw new ArgumentException(message);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Arguments the not null.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="argument">The argument.</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"></exception>
        public static void ArgumentNotNull<T>(Expression<Func<T>> argument) where T : class
        {
            var name = GetName(argument);
            ArgumentNotNull((argument.Compile())(), name);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Arguments the not null.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"> The value. </param>
        /// <param name="name"> The name. </param>
        public static void ArgumentNotNull(object value, string name)
        {
            if (value == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified collection has items.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="collection">The collection.</param>
        /// <param name="name">The name.</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException"></exception>
        public static void HasItems<T>(ICollection<T> collection, string name)
        {
            if (collection == null || collection.Count == 0)
                throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} does not contain elements and elements are required. Check the consuming class.", name));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Enums the value is defined.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEnum"> The type of the enum. </typeparam>
        /// <param name="value"> The value. </param>
        /// <param name="name"> The name. </param>
        public static void EnumValueIsDefined<TEnum>(TEnum value, string name)
        {
            if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(TEnum), value))
                throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("The enum value {0} does not exist in {1}.", value, typeof(TEnum).Name));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the name.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="argument">The argument.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetName<T>(Func<T> argument)
        {
            // get IL code behind the delegate
            var methodBody = argument.Method.GetMethodBody();
            if (methodBody != null)
            {
                var il = methodBody.GetILAsByteArray();

                // bytes 2-6 represent the field handle
                var fieldHandle = BitConverter.ToInt32(il, 2);

                // resolve the handle
                var field = argument.Target.GetType().Module.ResolveField(fieldHandle);

                return field.Name;
            }
            return string.Empty;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the name.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="argument">The argument.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetName<T>(Expression<Func<T>> argument)
        {
            var mbody = argument.Body as MemberExpression;

            if (mbody == null)
            {
                //This will handle Nullable<T> properties.
                var ubody = argument.Body as UnaryExpression;

                if (ubody != null)
                {
                    mbody = ubody.Operand as MemberExpression;
                }
            }

            return mbody != null ? mbody.Member.Name : string.Empty;
        }

        #endregion Methods
    }
}


The present application relates to sweeper vehicles. In particular, the present application relates to the operation of a snow removal apparatus including a tow-behind snow removal broom. A snow removal vehicle may include a tractor and a trailer. The tractor may include a snow plow, blower, sweeper, or other apparatus for removing snow. In some instances, the snow plow, blower, or other apparatus may leave trace amounts of snow behind. Such residual snow may be removed with a tow-behind broom mounted on a trailer. It should be understood that the tractor tows the trailer including the tow-behind broom to facilitate sweeping the snow and other material.
Various challenges arise for operators driving the snow removal apparatus. For example, the trailer may not track the path plowed or blown by the snow-removal apparatus on the tractor. Such a lack of overlap may leave some areas unswept or may result in damage to the broom (e.g., due to contact between bristles of the broom and unplowed or unblown snow). While some trailers include axles that are steered to facilitate tracking, such trailers can be difficult to control in the reverse direction and produce an unfamiliar experience for the operator.


Efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells from nuclear transfer and parthenogenetic embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes.
Deriving histocompatible embryonic stem (ES) cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and parthenogenetic activation (PA) requires fresh oocytes, which prevents their applications in humans. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of deriving ES cells from mature metaphase II (MII) and immature metaphase I (MI) vitrified oocytes, by PA or SCNT, in a mouse model. We successfully generated ES cell lines from PA (MII and MI) and SCNT (MII and MI) blastocysts. These cell lines expressed genes and antigens characteristic of pluripotent ES cells and produced full-term pups upon tetraploid embryo complementation. This study established an animal model for efficient generation of patient-specific ES cell lines using cryopreserved oocytes. This is a major step forward in the application of therapeutic cloning and parthenogenetic technology in human regenerative medicine and will serve as an important alternative to the iPS cell technology in countries/regions where these technologies are permitted.


[Oral DMSO therapy in 3 patients with lipoidproteinosis. Results of long-term therapy].
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a chronic, benign course. There is no generally accepted systemic therapy apart from the experimental oral use of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and etretinate in two single cases. We treated two sisters and an unrelated man with lipoid proteinosis with longterm oral DMSO (60 mg/kg/d). At the end of an average treatment time of 3 years, DMSO was withdrawn because it produced no beneficial effects with regard to their skin, mucosal lesions or hoarseness. Additionally, one patient showed progression of her disease with worsening hoarseness and onset of dyspnea, requiring surgical removal of vocal cord infiltrates. Three patients with lipoid proteinosis failed to show any beneficial response to long term treatment with DMSO.


06/13/2018

London can get pretty expensive, but here at HostelsClub we are on a mission to show you that you can enjoy the city, completely for free! Check out our list of free things to do in London.

London is, of course, one of the top tourist destinations around the world, which considering how expensive it can be, is pretty insane, you must be thinking to yourself. Well, we will let you in on a secret - it’s not! Or at least, it doesn't have to be! So to help you out, here at HostelsClub we have decided to create an amazing list of free things to do in London because we know that you backpackers and hostel-lovers love to save some cash when you can. We’ve included museums, parks, markets, famous sites and more, so there is something for everyone. By our reckoning, you can probably enjoy London on £15 a day if you have to, and that includes travel costs too! Even just a little bit of insider knowledge can help you out, so, if you are sitting comfortably, we shall begin…

Visit the most famous landmarks in London, all in a morning!

Image from Foter.com

As in most cities, many of the famous sites and monuments in London are free to visit or at least see, seeing as they are outside. In order to hit the big sites in one go, we suggest you head to Waterloo station, and walk down to the embankment where you can see the London Eye and the National Theatre. Then, head across the Westminster Bridge to see the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben and Westminster Abbey. After that, you can head up the Whitehall and pass 10 Downing Street (well, at least the gates at the end of the road), before you end up in Trafalgar Square, with Nelson's Column right in the middle. After that, you can head towards Leicester Square (where all the film premieres are held) and finally to Covent Garden to watch street performers and listen to free live music. And guess what, after all this, you haven’t spent a penny!

Visit the best London Parks

Image from Foter.com

London has such a wide selection of parks that you are really spoilt for choice when it comes to places where you can chillax. Our favourite has to be Richmond Park (at the end of the green district underground line), situated on top of Richmond Hill, in, you guessed it, Richmond. The park itself is HUGE, and we mean 2,500 acres huge, so you really can get lost inside. But the best thing about this park is that it contains 3 types of deer (yes really), which roam freely around the park with their young, making a visit here a magical experience. Just make sure you don’t get too near the deer though, as they are known to be a bit grumpy. :)

If you're looking for some parks near the centre of London then we can recommend St. James Park (so you can cross Buckingham palace off your list too) or Hyde Park (that holds the free Winter Wonderland at Christmas) where you can watch roller-skaters perform ticks to music most days. A great hostel to stay in nearby is the Gallery Hyde Park in the heart of London. Don’t forget about Regent’s Park and also Greenwich Park, home to the Royal Observatory and the Maritime Museum.

Watch Notting Hill Carnival

Image from Foter.com

Perhaps ‘Carnival’ is not the word that comes to mind when you think of London, but it should! The Notting Hill Carnival takes place every August in West London, bringing a bit of that Caribbean extravagance with all its colour and fabulousness to a city which we have to admit, is pretty grey at times. It will probably rain, but then that’s part of the British experience. If you're from a hotter country, you may even admire the British spirit as daintily-clad women dance along the streets in the bikinis, even though it will probably be only 15 degrees outside at best. But hey, the music and the atmosphere are amazing, and you might even find yourself dancing, too. If you're looking for somewhere to stay nearby the Carnival, we really recommend the Notting Hill Hostel London.

Visit the best free museums in London

Image by rubber bullets from Foter.com

Ah, London, the home of free museums, which is how it should always be, in our opinion. Our top picks for museums are the Natural History Museum (watch out for the robotic dinosaurs) and the Science Museum, which has loads of interactive things to do, which is in theory aimed at children, but which adults always seem to enjoy the most. If you're into jewellery, fashion or pottery, the Victoria and Albert Museum holds a wide range of fascinating collections. Luckily, all of these museums are located just a stoneìs throw from each other, in the wonderful South Kensington area.

If instead, painting and art are your kinda thing, you can’t miss the National Gallery, or the National Portrait Gallery, conveniently located in Trafalgar Square (also free, of course). You can spend hours getting lost in the endless galleries, which are heated and have free toilets, which is a pretty incredible resource in the winter.

Watch the Changing of the Guard

Image from Foter.com

If your a fan of the royal family, or indeed anything typically British, the watching the Changing of the Guard is a must. It is typically touristy, and no doubt you will have screaming children and tour groups packed around you, but it is a moment of true Britishness that you can’t miss. The immaculate uniforms, the perfect marching, and the music make it a must-see spectacle, happening right outside the Queen’s house (Buckingham Palace, but we hope you know that already!).

You can also catch a glimpse of the guards changing places at St. James Palace and Wellington Barracks, where you might just see some horses too. You can even take a picture in front of the guards (not the ones at Buckingham palace though) but they are not allowed to speak or look at you.

Tour the Markets of London

Image by George Rex from Foter.com

London is full of some amazing markets, where of course you can spend all your cash, or simply have a look around and see what's on offer. Camden is a great place for this - from food stalls to clothes and odd bits and pieces, this whole area of London has a pretty edgy vibe which is popular amongst locals and tourists alike. You can also head over to the Columbia road flower market for some great Instagram pics or the Brick Lane market for random bits and pieces along with some tasty street food. If you're a foodie then look out for one of the many farmers' markets across the city, where you can try true homegrown British products at one of the many tasting stalls. You might just find yourself buying something too! One of the many great Hostels right in central Camden is the Smart Camden Inn Hostel.

Take a stroll down the Thames Embankment

Image by photojenni from Foter.com

The Embankment runs along the river Thames, and we suggest starting from the London Eye and walking East along the river edge. You can start by watching the dancers, magicians and singers just underneath the London eye, before walking towards Waterloo Bridge. After a while, you will see a mini-beach on the River Thames where artists often create incredible sculptures in the sand and the famous OXO Tower. Continuing down the route you will come across the Shakespeare Globe, a replica of an Elizabethan theatre where Shakespeare's plays would have originally been shown. It’s not free to get in, but you can wander around and see the building from the outside. Continuing down the embankment you will also see the docked HMS Belfast ship, and finally the famous Tower Bridge, for your final photo opportunity.

So, it seems like there is a lot to do in London for free! If you are looking to save a few more pennies, check out our ultra-cheap hostels in London to stay in while you visit, or use the booking form below! If you still need to be convinced that Hostels are the right choice for you, check out our article on Why you should choose a hostel in 7 videos! If, instead you want to find even more free places to visit, then have a quick read of our Off the track tour of South- East London!


he tens digit of (0/v - -1)*17?
1
Let z = -20 + 22. What is the tens digit of -120*((-15)/6 + z)?
6
Let k = 37 - 6. Suppose -4*z + 346 = 90. Let n = z - k. What is the tens digit of n?
3
Let t = -11 - -10. Let q be 5/(-15)*(t - 14). Suppose -q*v - s = -131, -3*s - 2*s + 5 = 0. What is the units digit of v?
6
Let z(c) = 11*c**2 - 2*c + 2. Let g be z(1). Let m(d) = 6*d - 1. Let l be m(6). Let s = l - g. What is the tens digit of s?
2
Let t = -11 - -45. Suppose -5*q + 204 = t. What is the units digit of q?
4
Suppose 84275 = 40*c + 7675. What is the tens digit of c?
1
Suppose -42*x - 2877 = -45*x. What is the units digit of x?
9
Let c(i) = i + 13. Let v(b) = b**2 + 4*b - 9. Let p be v(-7). Suppose 0 = 2*l - l - p. What is the tens digit of c(l)?
2
Suppose -3*n + l + 32 = -2*n, l - 100 = -3*n. Suppose 3*h + 0*h + n = 0. Let s(z) = -3*z + 7. What is the tens digit of s(h)?
4
Let n = 11 + -5. What is the units digit of 7160/48 + (-1)/n?
9
Let a(o) = -15*o + 10. Let r = -19 + 16. What is the tens digit of a(r)?
5
Suppose 0 = 2*j - 3 + 1, 0 = 3*p + 3*j - 4173. What is the hundreds digit of p?
3
Let w(v) = v - 12. Let t(r) = -2*r + 13. Suppose 2*y - 6 + 0 = 0. Let q(a) = y*t(a) + 4*w(a). What is the units digit of q(-7)?
5
Let h = -122 + 104. What is the units digit of (88/3)/((-6)/h)?
8
Let n be 160/12*(-45)/6. Let w be (-5)/(n/(-8))*-5. Suppose -108 = -2*h - w*h. What is the units digit of h?
7
Suppose 5*y - 1727 = 8*j - 6*j, -4*j = -4*y + 1384. What is the units digit of y?
5
Let x(i) = -9*i - 19. Let n(m) = 11*m + 20. Let c(w) = -4*n(w) - 5*x(w). Suppose -k = k, -2*k - 60 = -5*a. What is the tens digit of c(a)?
2
Let j = -4 + 7. Suppose -4*i = 4*b - 92, -i - 2*b = -j*b - 15. What is the tens digit of i - 6 - (1 + 2)?
1
What is the hundreds digit of (110/(-50) - -3)/(2/530)?
2
Suppose 3*l = -5*m + 14, 0*l + 5*m + 26 = 2*l. Let b = 8 - l. Let a = 3 - b. What is the units digit of a?
3
Let i be (-2)/(-7) + (-72644)/(-154). Suppose -4*m + 5*x + 643 = 0, -4*m + i = 4*x - 180. What is the hundreds digit of m?
1
Suppose -41*v + 70191 + 47766 = 0. What is the thousands digit of v?
2
Let v be (-27)/36 - (-671)/4. Let m be v/(-8) + 3/(-24). What is the units digit of (-3)/(-4 + (-81)/m)?
1
Suppose 4*r + 28 = 140. Suppose 5*o - 3*f - 72 = 0, -4*f + r = 4*o + f. Suppose 2*s - 2*p = -2 + o, -9 = -2*s + p. What is the units digit of s?
4
Let d(b) = 10*b - 136. Let l be d(12). Suppose 4*k = 4*x - 65 - 79, -4*k = 0. Let n = x - l. What is the units digit of n?
2
Suppose 2*m - 7 + 3 = 0. Suppose -h - m*j = 0, j = 3*h - 16 + 2. Suppose h*l + 10 = -4*y + 5*y, -3*l = 5*y - 96. What is the units digit of y?
8
Suppose 22 - 10 = -2*b. Let j = b - -9. Let o = 9 + j. What is the units digit of o?
2
Let r be 1/2*30/(-3). Let d(a) = -13*a + 16. Let i be d(r). Suppose 0 = 3*u + j - 174, 0 = -u - 4*j - 12 + i. What is the units digit of u?
7
Let b = -19 + 26. What is the tens digit of b/(-28) - (-975)/12?
8
Suppose -3*t - r = -5426, 3*r + 0*r = 6. Suppose -8*x + t = -0*x. What is the tens digit of x?
2
Suppose -9*t = -14*t - 230. Let x = 145 - t. What is the tens digit of x?
9
Let j(i) = -i**2 - i + 18. Let b be j(9). Let o = -12 - b. What is the tens digit of o?
6
Let v = 315 + -256. Let n be 96 + 4*1/2. Let o = n - v. What is the tens digit of o?
3
Let w(u) = -17*u - 9. Suppose 3*b = -0*b + 4*p - 11, -43 = 3*b + 4*p. What is the hundreds digit of w(b)?
1
What is the thousands digit of (432/5)/(0 + (-1)/(-35))?
3
Suppose 0 = 2*y - 2*l - 8, -3*y + 4*l = 1 - 15. Suppose y*r + 215 = -181. What is the tens digit of (-10)/(-25) + r/(-5)?
4
Suppose 7757 = -10*z + 27137. What is the tens digit of z?
3
Suppose -3*w + 724 = 5*y, y - 3*w - 736 = -4*y. Suppose 0 = 4*q + 2*k - 572, y = q - 0*q + 2*k. What is the units digit of q?
2
Let w(t) = -25*t + 4. Suppose -3*j - 23 = -5. Let h be w(j). Suppose h + 106 = 5*i. What is the units digit of i?
2
Let z(n) = -n**3 - 7*n**2 + 3. Let v be z(-7). Suppose 2*l + v*f = 244, -5*l + 2*f + 2*f = -564. What is the units digit of l?
6
Let q(y) = -649*y + 590. Let b(g) = -65*g + 59. Let d(c) = 59*b(c) - 6*q(c). What is the hundreds digit of d(5)?
2
Let h = 3 + -1. What is the tens digit of h/(-4) - 1353/(-22)?
6
Suppose -3*c + 5*c - 4 = 0. Let p be c/4*10/(-5). Let h = p - -8. What is the units digit of h?
7
What is the hundreds digit of -70*45/(-26) - (-58)/(-377)?
1
Suppose 5*o - 36 = 3*o. Let z be (16/(-12))/((-4)/o). Let x = z - 1. What is the units digit of x?
5
Let l(d) = -d**2 + 8*d - 9. Let p be l(6). Suppose 0 = -p*w - r - 35, -r = -4*w + 4*r - 53. Let g = -1 - w. What is the tens digit of g?
1
What is the hundreds digit of 2260 + -1*(-12)/2?
2
Suppose -140674 = 322*o - 359*o. What is the thousands digit of o?
3
Let m(u) = 12*u - 3*u**2 + 34 + 4*u**2 - 2*u**2 + 2*u**2. What is the units digit of m(-10)?
4
Let w(x) = -x**2 - 9*x + 4. Suppose 64 = -4*a - b, -a - b - 17 = -1. Let l = 8 + a. What is the units digit of w(l)?
2
Let t = -37 - -37. Suppose -5*a + t*d + 214 = -d, 222 = 5*a - 3*d. What is the tens digit of a?
4
Let p be (-2)/8 - (-29)/4. Suppose 56 - 58 = i. Let x = i + p. What is the units digit of x?
5
Let r be 6*(-3)/(-6) + 217. Suppose 3*f - 7*f = -r. What is the units digit of f?
5
Let v = 23 - 22. Let p be v/(((-33)/72)/11). Let l = p + 41. What is the units digit of l?
7
Suppose -5*b = 20 - 1340. What is the units digit of b?
4
Let c = -532 + 875. What is the units digit of c?
3
Let g(i) = -13*i + 5. Let m(n) = n - 1. Let t(h) = -g(h) - 2*m(h). What is the tens digit of t(3)?
3
Let d(y) = y**2 + 4*y + 13. Let f be -2 + -1 + 0 + 1*-6. What is the tens digit of d(f)?
5
What is the thousands digit of (10/4)/((2 + 3)/2510)?
1
Let p(j) = j + 10. Let k be p(4). What is the units digit of 4/k + (-1130)/(-14)?
1
Let c(j) = j**2 - 4*j. Let l be c(4). Suppose l = g - 4*r + 3, -4*r = -10*g + 5*g - 79. Let y = -3 - g. What is the tens digit of y?
1
Let g = -3662 + 7169. What is the units digit of g?
7
Let o = 478 + -282. Let y = o - -66. What is the tens digit of y?
6
Let b = 62 + -60. Suppose 366 = b*z + 32. What is the units digit of z?
7
Let i(j) = -6*j - 30. Let b be i(10). What is the tens digit of b/(-6)*(-58)/(-6)?
4
Suppose -o + 3*o - 2 = 0, -4*z - o = -5425. What is the hundreds digit of z?
3
Let c = -81 - -182. Suppose 5*f - c = 79. What is the units digit of f?
6
Let p(i) = 2*i**3 - 5*i**2 - 5*i - 6. What is the tens digit of p(5)?
9
Suppose 7*l = 18 - 60. Let c(n) = 5*n**2 + 13*n + 0*n**2 - 2*n**2 - 5. What is the tens digit of c(l)?
2
Let j = 9 - -7. Let p = -34 - -20. Let i = j - p. What is the tens digit of i?
3
Let r be ((-2)/(-3))/(3/9). Let n(t) = -2 + 2*t**2 - 4*t**r + t**3 - 2*t + 0*t**3 - t**2. What is the units digit of n(4)?
6
Let b(h) = 5*h**2 + h - 1. Let y be b(1). Suppose 0*l + 5*t + 10 = 4*l, 15 = y*l - 5*t. Let j = l + 25. What is the units digit of j?
0
Let f be 10/(-15)*(0 + -9). Let i = f - -2. Let y(x) = 3*x + 2. What is the tens digit of y(i)?
2
Let i = -3462 + 5507. What is the units digit of i?
5
Suppose 109*m + 26095 = 126*m. What is the thousands digit of m?
1
Let o be 2*(-4)/16*-18. Suppose -134 - 361 = -o*q. What is the tens digit of q?
5
What is the tens digit of (5/2)/((-26)/(-6916))?
6
Suppose -x = -4*x. Suppose 0 = 3*v - x*v - 123. Let p = 57 - v. What is the tens digit of p?
1
Let r = 126 + -65. What is the units digit of r?
1
Let n(o) = -o**2 - 11*o + 14. Let l be n(-12). Suppose l*d - 1 = 5. Suppose -d*y + 2 + 1 = 0. What is the units digit of y?
1
Suppose -4*a = -28 - 16. Let g(s) = -s**2 + 8*s + 14. Let o be g(a). Let j = o - -21. What is the units digit of j?
2
Suppose d - 6*d + 14 = 2*b, -4 = -b - d. Suppose a = -y + 10, -y - 4*a - b = -3*y. What is the units digit of y?
7
Let c = 251 + -146. Suppose b - c = -21. What is the tens digit of b?
8
What is the units digit of 970/9 - (-9)/((-648)/(-16))?
8
Let o(v) = -v**2 - 4*v + 3. Let b(d) = 2*d + 12. Let i be b(-8). Let l be o(i). What is the tens digit of ((-1)/l)/(8/(-936))?
3
Let j(i) = -2*i**2 - 5*i - 1. Let g be j(7). Let p = -91 - g. Let u = -28 + p. What is the tens digit of u?
1
Let g(t) = -t - 5. Let s be g(1). What is the tens digit of 3 - 3*-1*(-20)/s?
1
Suppose -7 = -5*w + 12*w. What is the tens digit of -89*w*(1 + 0)?
8
Let b


Psychiatric co-morbidity and hospital utilization in the general medical sector.

Background

This article provides evidence about the relationship between psychiatric disorders, physical disorders and hospital use in the general medical sector using a broadly based survey of the US population.

Methods

The data are from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey.

This survey contains medical and mental health evaluations for the entire sample.

In a multivariate framework, the author estimates the effect of mental illness on the probability of being admitted to a general hospital, the number of admissions and the length of stay.

Results

Hospital use in the general medical sector is significantly higher for persons with coexisting physical and psychiatric conditions than for those with no psychiatric disorders.

For a wide range of medical conditions, the predicted number of hospital admissions and the length of a hospital stay increase substantially when the physical illness is accompanied by a psychiatric condition.

Conclusions

One implication of this finding is that economic evaluations of alternative psychiatric treatments should consider any differences in hospital costs related to the treatment of coexisting medical conditions.

Another implication pertains to health care systems where insurers have some discrction over which individuals to insure.

In the absence of adequate adjustments in insurance payments for high-risk potential enrollees, psychiatrically disabled persons may have more limited access to health insurance.


Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Is antibiotic therapy now justified?
Campylobacter pylori clearly is a common inhabitant of the human stomach and is associated with nonautoimmune antral gastritis, chronic peptic ulceration, and non-ulcer dyspepsia. This editorial reviews whether therapy is now justified for patients with this infection. The criteria that must be fulfilled before an association can be considered to be of etiologic significance are discussed in relation to C. pylori infection and clinical disease. An overview of therapeutic approaches to eradicate C. pylori is presented, emphasizing their limitations and hazards. It is concluded that prescribing treatment for C. pylori infection outside the setting of a controlled trial is currently not appropriate.


Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common pediatric inflammatory myopathy and occurs in young children (mean age at onset of symptoms, 6.7 years; girl: boy ratio=2.3:1) with 1-2% mortality and increased morbidity secondary to dystrophic calcifications and secondary contractures. The children have a decreased quality of life, but the role of chronic inflammation has not been evaluated. The duration of time of the untreated inflammation is a critical factor: untreated symptoms of greater than two months are associated with a chronic rash and upregulation of vascular remodeling genes on gene expression profile studies. The chronic rash is also associated with loss of nailfold capillary end row loops, impaired absorption of medications, and as young adults, the patients appear prone to premature cardiovascular damage. Damage to endothelial cells is mediated by IFN- 1 and TNF-1, and both cytokines are increased in JDM sera and tissue. Increased TNF-1 levels are associated with a polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF-1-308. We also found a complex gene-gene-gender interaction between the OPN and TNF-1 promoter regions in JDM children. This defined a high serum IFN-1 subgroup within JDM, which may contribute to the increased incidence of JDM in girls. In treating JDM, the accepted guide to therapy is serum levels of muscle enzymes, which normalize rapidly, leaving a void. A major barrier to providing effective therapy in JDM is the lack of biomarkers of inflammation as well as prognostic indicators of disease severity. The purpose of this study is to identify epigenetic mechanisms - differences in global methylation and miRNA expression - critical in dissecting the impact of chronic inflammation and gender on JDM microvasculopathy. We hypothesize: 1) Decreased quality of life in chronic JDM is related less to weakness than to the chronic skin involvement, associated with long untreated disease, and, 2) identification of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and specific miRNAs in JDM muscle and in endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) will disclose novel pathogenetic mechanisms that will guide the development of more effective therapy. To accomplish this goal, well-characterized muscle biopsies from untreated children with JDM will be compared: 1) short duration (< 2 month) vs. long (e 2 months) duration, and 2) age-matched boys compared with girls, also matched for disease duration. In Specific Aim 1, global methylation studies, comparing JDM with controls will identify areas of hypomethylation, such as the WT1 and HOX genes, and test their relation to intensity levels of miRNA expression. Specific Aim 2 will determine the association of levels of miRNA expression with the child's quality of life, disease activity scores (DAS), and their TNF-1-308 AA/AG vs GG status. For example, we found that miR-34a, upregulated in JDM GG with short disease duration modulates the expression of the transcriptional activator Bcl12, important in the apoptotic pathway. In Specific Aim 3, endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) will be isolated from the blood of JDM and age-gender matched controls and their epigenetic features characterized. In addition, their function will be studied in vitro and compared with the extent of the child's structural loss of nailfold capillary end row loops. The isolated EPCs will then be tested in gain/loss of function experiments, with the goal of restoration of normality. It is anticipated that the scientific knowledge gained from the proposed work will inform our future decision making and lead to more rational and effective interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an autoimmune disease of children, in which there is damage to the small blood vessels; chronic inflammation is associated with persistent rash, loss of range of motion, deposits of calcifications and even the ability to perform tasks like climbing stairs or lifting objects and, therefore, affects the child's quality of life. In this study, the quality of life of the children with JDM will be determined and correlated with their epigenetic status - inherited changes in phenotype (individual's observable traits) determined by genes and the environment - by testing diagnostic muscle biopsies from untreated children with JDM with long (>2 months) compared with short disease duration (d 2 months) and boys compared with girls (matched for disease duration) and age-, gender-matched healthy controls. The goal is to identify specific markers, like microRNA, or turned on genes that may be key to repair the vascular damage and to identify more effective medical interventions.


Category Archives: Morocco

The bleat of the sheep standing outside of a packed earth home sounds urgent to my anthropomorphic ears. A young Berber man has invited both me and my husband to his home to celebrate Eid Al-Adha, a holy festival of sacrifice to the Muslim prophet Abraham. “Do you want to come for the sheep slaughter?” he had asked. As I now stare at said sheep, I question both my stomach and my resolve.

In the previous days, I had seen hundreds of the animals crowded into Moroccan medinas, being poked and prodded by potential buyers before being whisked away. Winding through the steep passes of the High Atlas mountains, solemn eyes of sheep stared back at me from their strapped down position on trucks and motorbikes, their frames relaxed as they rode to their fate.

Throughout the extensive Kasbah, our arrival has quickly become known to the rest of the residents. As we await the start of festivities, steaming cups of highly sweetened mint tea is poured from tall sterling pots. Friends and family stop by to share in the novelty of having a blonde-haired, blue-eyed stranger shake up their annual ritual. Dates are passed around on gleaming silver platters as the effectual town mayor pops over to make my acquaintance. He speaks of his time visiting my land and that most holy of U.S. shrines, Hollywood. Palm trees and sunshine reflect in his eyes as he regales us with his dreams of the similarly landscaped Cali-forn-i-a.

I have come bearing hard cones of sugar, tightly wrapped in printed paper. As the festivities get underway, we set off on foot to the home of those most in need. My host tells me about his duties to the poor of his Kasbah on this holy day, ensuring that no home is without a sacrificial sheep. As he announces our presence, an old man appears outside and ushers us through the dark mud walls of his home into a center room. A beam of light pours in from a single upstairs window, casting a perfect ray onto the body of a skinned sheep, delivered earlier in the day and now hanging from the ceiling.

Three women, the man’s sisters, sit on the bare floor. I present the cones of sugar to them while their grateful and heavily charcoaled eyes peer out from the empty space left by their niqabs. Motioning for me to join them on the dirt floor, I accept yet another round of Moroccan hospitality. We drink endless cups of tea and eat dates directly from a large stockpile in a corner.

Language barriers are broken via pantomime. Soon our group is roaring with laughter over the seemingly universal right of wives to nag their husbands. The old man slaps my husband on the leg and shrugs his shoulders. Wives…What can you do?

One by one, the sisters relax. In a quick motion, the youngest reaches up and removes the veil covering her face. She looks at her two sisters, communicating with nothing but her eyes. One repeats the ritual in turn. The eldest sister remains motionless, concerned over this act of intimacy with strangers.

More laughter is had before the eldest catches my eye. Holding my gaze, she reaches up to slowly unhook her veil. Pulling it aside, she breaks out into a toothless grin. As I share a look with my husband, my heart flutters with both privilege and understanding. While we started as strangers, we end as an extension of the tribe.

Like this:

As the sun sets over Marrakech, assorted sizes of khobz (Moroccan bread) are speedily pulled out of fiery ovens and placed under blankets. Old men whisk them away on wooden hand carts. Continue reading The Khobz Men of Marrakech→


#!/bin/bash

if [[ -e ./analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh ]]; then
    source ./analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh
elif [[ -e ../analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh ]]; then
    source ../analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh
elif [[ -e ../../analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh ]]; then
    source ../../analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh
elif [[ -e /opt/sa/analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh ]]; then
    source /opt/sa/analysis_engine/scripts/common_bash.sh
fi

namespace="ae"

anmt "------------------------------------"
anmt "copying ceph secret from ceph namespace to ${namespace}"

key_exists_in_ceph=$(kubectl get secret pvc-ceph-client-key --namespace=ceph | wc -l)

if [[ "${key_exists_in_ceph}" == "0" ]]; then
    err "ERROR failed to find ceph secret in ceph namespace for credentials to use persistent volumes using c
ommand:"
    err "kubectl get secret pvc-ceph-client-key --namespace=ceph"
    exit 1
fi

kubectl \
    get secret \
    pvc-ceph-client-key --namespace=ceph \
    --export -o yaml | kubectl apply \
    --namespace=${namespace} -f -

key_exists_in_ae=$(kubectl get secret pvc-ceph-client-key --namespace=${namespace} | wc -l)

if [[ "${key_exists_in_ae}" == "0" ]]; then
    err "ERROR failed to find ceph secret in ae namespace for credentials to use persistent volumes using command:"
    err "kubectl get secret pvc-ceph-client-key --namespace=${namespace}"
    exit 1
fi

exit 0


WHAT WE DO

TYTAN designs limited edition and bespoke [bow] ties for weddings & special events. To us, if something is going to be worn front and center, it's not just an accessory, but a statement. It's the best way to say who you are without even saying a single word. So let us stand with you through some of your life's most important moments.

Features:

TYTAN was launched in April of 2014. Derived from the names of my nephew & niece, TYson + TAryn, TYTAN is all about creating designs to fit every occasion. Our goal is simple, to make fashion fun and approachable without compromising quality.

TYTAN is proudly designed & handcrafted in Canada!

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Early Wednesday morning, WikiLeaks announced via its Twitter feed that it had opened a “path through the banking siege.”

Less than a week ago, an Icelandic court ruled that the merchant services account of the organization’s Iceland-based Web host must be reopened. WikiLeaks is now accepting donations through a French digital rights advocacy group, the Fund for Defense of Net Neutrality. The organization has set up a donation page with a drop-down option to donate to WikiLeaks.

“The French credit card system, Carte Bleue, is coupled with the VISA/MasterCard system globally,” WikiLeaks wrote in an online statement. “VISA and MasterCard are contractually barred from directly cutting off merchants through the Carte Bleue system. The French non-profit FDNN (Fonds de Défense de la Net Neutralité in French) has set up a Carte Bleue fund for WikiLeaks.”

Visa and MasterCard did not immediately respond to our request for comment.

On Twitter, the group also attributed a quote to Julian Assange, who continues to be holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London.

“We beat them in Iceland and we’ll beat them in France as well,” he said.

On its website, WikiLeaks lists a myriad of other ways that people can donate, including sending direct bank transfers to various accounts in Iceland, Germany, and Australia. The tenacious group also seems to suggest that this financial avenue may be closed off, and that the group desperately needs money.

The Wau Holland Foundation, a German group named after the founder of the Chaos Computer Club, has been WikiLeaks’ primary receiving entity in Germany. The organization released a new monthly balance chart last week (PDF) showing WikiLeaks’ remaining assets at less than €100,000 ($122,000). At the same time last year, WikiLeaks maintained almost €600,000 ($735,900). The group’s assets reached their peak in December 2010 and January 2011 when its totals reached €800,000 ($981,200).

On its website last week, the Wau Holland Foundation also posted an “Intermediate Transparency Report 2012,” (PDF) for what it calls "Project 04: Enduring freedom of information,” in its support of WikiLeaks. At the end of June 2012, the report states WikiLeaks took in €32,828.11 (more than $40,000), but spent €246,619.70 (more than $300,000). The largest expense (more than €100,000/$120,000) was on “campaigns,” which include €515 for something called “journalist contextualization,” and over €73,000 on “external communications.” The group also spent nearly as much on “Logistics,” which are then sub-divided into “Logistics” and “Planning.”

Legal expenses only accounted for under €18,000 (roughly $22,000) of the six-month expenditure total.


package wiki.tony.chat.base.bean;

/**
 * Created by tony on 9/10/16.
 */
public class Constants {

    public static final int OP_AUTH = 1;
    public static final int OP_AUTH_REPLY = 2;

    public static final int OP_HEARTBEAT = 3;
    public static final int OP_HEARTBEAT_REPLY = 4;

    public static final int OP_MESSAGE = 5;
    public static final int OP_MESSAGE_REPLY = 6;

}


A dream come untrue

Air India's plans to fly out of the red may be delayed by its six Dreamliners sitting on the tarmac as investigators check onboard battery systems that are at risk of overheating. Boeing introduced the 787, its greenest jetliner that consumes 20% less fuel than comparable long-range wide-bodied aircraft, in 2011. The Dreamliner is a creature of significant innovations in aircraft manufacturing and a few bugs, it is to be expected, can only be fixed after the world's most technologically advanced jet logs some commercial miles. Air India's six are part of the 50 787s grounded across the globe and the carrier along with others can reasonably expect Boeing to compensate it for the losses it suffers on account of disrupted services.

The Cabinet had last April cleared the purchase of 27 Dreamliners in an effort to turn the bleeding State-owned airline around. This was part of a larger package in which the government committed itself to pump in R30,000 crore of equity over eight years on condition that the airline began a long and painful journey to profitability. The government also agreed to stand guarantee to a rollover of Air India's debts, principally to pay oil companies, airports and its staff. The lifeline was structured to park two-thirds of the bloated airline's 30,000 workers in ground handling and maintenance subsidiaries, fly only one empty seat in every four in its fleet and reach destinations on time nine times out of ten. The bigger fleet and extra cash were intended for Air India to earn Rs 5,000 crore more and run on Rs 4,000 crore less every year. To do this, the airline must cart 17 million people in 2015. If it pulls it off, Air India could fly out of the red as early as 2017.

The Dreamliner sat very well in this scheme of things. It costs significantly less to operate and Air India had managed to fly them three-fourths full on six lucrative international and domestic routes. A safety audit of the jets when more of them had been delivered to Air India would have been a bigger setback for the airline.


control p() {
    bit<1> z_0;
    bit<1> x_2;
    bit<1> x_3;
    bit<1> y_1;
    @name("p.b") action b(in bit<1> x, out bit<1> y) {
        x_2 = x;
        z_0 = x & x_2;
        y = z_0;
    }
    apply {
        x_3 = 1w0;
        b(x_3, y_1);
    }
}

control simple();
package m(simple pipe);
.m(.p()) main;


Don't Stop Thinking About ObamaCare

More problems, and arguments, lie ahead.

(Note: We'll be traveling tomorrow, to return Thursday.) President Obama keeps insisting the debate over ObamaCare is "over." That declaration, wish, exhortation or command does not correspond with reality. A new Politico poll of voters in "hotly contested areas"--states and congressional districts thought to have competitive Senate or House contests--finds that 60% "say they believe the debate over the law is not over," whereas only 39% "echo the president's position" that the...


Winter sickness bug shuts down hospital wards

SECURITY experts fear that terrorists could use a lethal form of bird flu as a biological weapon capable of killing millions.

Health officials have already issued a warning about the threat posed by the norovirus this year []

Their concern follows the US government’s failure to prevent scientists revealing details of an airborne strain of the virus.

American authorities had asked two scientific journals not to publish key sections of research on the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu.

Two research teams submitted manuscripts on bird flu virus to the journals where they described how they deliberately mutated H5N1 into an “airborne” strain that can be transmitted in coughs and sneezes between ferrets – the best animal “model” for human flu lab tests.

Until now the bird flu virus has shown very limited ability to pass from human to human

Until now the bird flu virus has shown very limited ability to pass from human to human.

It is now feared that terrorists could use the information gleaned from the research to recreate the deadly airborne form of the virus.

This, it was claimed, could mutate into a super-flu that could spread globally within weeks.


Seagrove, North Carolina

Seagrove is a town in Randolph County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 228 at the 2010 census. It was named after a railroad official when the area was connected by rail. The center of population of North Carolina is located a few miles east of Seagrove.

In this usage, the name Seagrove not only refers to the town proper, but also includes several other communities that are part of the pottery tradition along and near the "North Carolina Pottery Highway" (NC-705). Over 100 potteries are located in Seagrove and the neighboring towns of Star, Whynot, Erect, Westmoore, Happy Hollow, and Robbins. Seagrove is also home to the North Carolina Pottery Center, which was established on November 7, 1998 and has since received visitors across the continent and around the world.

History
Seagrove was named for Edwin G. Seagraves, a railroad official who was responsible for routing a railroad through the area. According to local sources, after a unanimous decision to name the station after Seagraves, the town name resulted from a sign painter running out of space and simply dropping the 's' from the end of the name. Also the painter misspelled Seagraves as Seagrove. The railroad served Seagrove until December 31, 1951. The old train depot later was adapted as a pottery museum.

Plank Road

In 1849, construction began of Plank Road, which was  long and made of planks ,  wide, and  thick. The road carried horseback riders, wagons, and stagecoaches. A toll was charged of one cent per mile (1.6 km) for a wagon and four horses. Toll revenues declined after construction of the railroad, and by 1862 much of Plank Road was abandoned.

Parts of North Carolina Highway 705 follow the Plank Road route.

Seagrove School
A school funded by members of the community was established on April 3, 1911. The school moved to a new site in 1918 and again in 1926. The school burned on March 24, 1934, and was subsequently rebuilt. The small Seagrove school accepted students from elementary to high school until the fall of 1970.

That year high school students were reassigned to the new Southwestern Randolph High School. In the fall of 1990, Seagrove students in the 6th through 8th grades began attending Southwestern Randolph Middle School. Today, the building is known as Seagrove Elementary School and serves students only from Kindergarten until the 5th grade.

Pottery

Seagrove's pottery tradition dates back to the 18th century before the American Revolution. Many of the first Seagrove potters were Scots-Irish immigrants. They primarily produced functional, glazed earthenware. Due to the high quality of the local clay and transportation access for traders, Seagrove became known for its pottery.

The popularity of Seagrove pottery fell off during the Industrial Revolution and the advent of modern food preparation. For a time whisky jugs were a successful source of income, but the beverage was outlawed. The potteries continued their decline in the early 20th century.

In 1915, Jacques and Juliana Busbee of Raleigh made an effort to revive the industry. Over several decades, the Busbee’s hired Seagrove potters JH Owen, Charlie Teague,  and Ben Owen to make signature wares under the name Jugtown Pottery to sell in the Village Shop, which they opened in Greenwich Village, NYC, and later from the Jugtown shop in Seagrove.

Around 1920, a new market developed as the pottery became popular with tourists driving past on their way to Pinehurst, Southern Pines, or Florida buying inexpensive souvenirs. The new tourist industry marked a general change from utilitarian pottery to more decorative ware. After another decline from the 1950s through 1970s due to the road being replaced with the Interstate, a renewed interest in traditional pottery developed. In 1982 a group of local potters founded the North Carolina Museum of Traditional Pottery and organized the Seagrove Pottery Festival, an annual event held each year the weekend before Thanksgiving in the old bean cannery.

The Cole, Auman, Owen, Teague, and Albright families are eighth- and ninth-generation potters in Seagrove who continue this tradition.

Some of the oldest, historic pottery locations still in operation include the "Original" Owens Pottery founded in 1895 and Jugtown Pottery founded in 1921. Jugtown Pottery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Pinto Beans

Seagrove has a tradition in food products, and was home for many years to Luck's Incorporated, founded in the 1950s as Mountain View Cannery in the 1950s by Ivey B. Luck, Alfred Spencer & H. Clay Presnell. When Spencer and Presnell sold out to Luck, the establishment became known as Luck's. Luck's specialized in pinto beans and other canned vegetables and food products, and employed many Seagrove families. Bought out by American Home Products and then later by Conagra Foods and Arizona Canning Company, the Luck's plant closed in 2002. The plant has mostly been abandoned, except it is used for the "Celebration of Seagrove Potters" every November.

Geography
Seagrove is located at  (35.542167, -79.778114).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which,  of it is land and 1.37% is water.

The center of population for the state of North Carolina is located approximately 2 miles east of Seagrove.

Economy
Each year, thousands of visitors come to Seagrove to see the area's potteries. Seagrove's economy is tourist revenue based on the pottery buyers.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 246 people, 109 households, and 69 families residing in the town. The population density was 338.8 people per square mile (130.1/km²). There were 119 housing units at an average density of 163.9 per square mile (62.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.12% White, 1.22% African American, 0.81% Native American, 2.85% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.25% of the population.

There were 109 households out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out with 20.7% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $40,750. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $19,327 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,824. About 9.0% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 or over.

References

External links

  Museum of North Carolina Traditional Pottery
 Heart of North Carolina/Seagrove Visitors Bureau
 Official Seagrove Area Travel Guide
 Seagrove Area Potters Association Website
 Seagrove Elementary School

Category:Towns in Randolph County, North Carolina
Category:Towns in North Carolina


What You Need to Know:

• Georgia State's first week of spring practice is in the books as the Panthers completed practice No 3 Saturday with their first day in pads.

• GSU returns 16 starters from a team that won its final four regular-season games of 2015 and earned its first bowl berth.

• The Panthers welcome back nine starters from a defense that was the most improved in FBS last fall.

ATLANTA -- Georgia State's first week of spring practice is in the books as the Panthers completed practice No 3 Saturday with their first day in pads.

Spring practice continues through the April 16 Blue-White Spring Game.

While much of the attention is focused on the quarterback battle on offense, the Georgia State defense welcomes back nine starters and several key backups from a unit that performed particuarly well in the Panthers' season-ending, four-game winning streak. In fact, Georgia State was the most improved defense in FBS last year, allowing 15 points fewer per game than in 2014. Against the run, the Panthers improved by 122.3 yards per game and 1.92 yards per carry over the previous year.

GSU finished in the top four in the Sun Belt in scoring defense, total defense, rushing defense and pass efficiency.

The number one thing this program has now is some confidence," defensive coordinator Jesse Minter said as he begins his fourth spring at GSU. "That comes from winning some games, particularly late in the season and because of the way we won, with the offense playing well and the defnese playing well. Now there's a good returning group on both sides of the ball.

"It's a confident group, it's exciting to be out here with them, and they're up for the challenge of having a great spring practice," Minter added.

Among the returnees are four All-Sun Belt Conference performers from 2015 in linebacker Alonzo McGee, defensive end Shawanye Lawrence, cornerback Chandon Sullivan and safety Bobby Baker.

"For us it's about fine-tuning, making some corrections from last season, and then seeing what we can add to our defense," Minter said. "Right now our goal is to give everyone the opportunity to earn playing time. I do think we have some younger who will provide us with some depth and provide those older guys with some competition for their spots."

Sullivan, the junior who was an honorable mention all-conference safety as well as a CoSIDA Academic All-America off the field, looks to continue to progress with his teammates.

"I'm trying to transition to a leadership role," Sullivan said. "Take the hard work from the offseason and match it with leadership."

The Panthers will return to the practice field Tuesday morning.

REMAINING SPRING PRACTICE DATES (Subject to Change)

Tuesday, March 29, 9:30 a.m.

Thursday, March 31, 9:30 a.m.

Friday, April 1, 10 a.m.

Saturday, April 2, 9:30 a.m.

Tuesday, April 5, 9:30 a.m.

Thursday, April 7, 9:30 a.m.

Friday, April 8, 10 a.m.

Saturday, April 9, 9:30 a.m.

Tuesday, April 12, 9:30 a.m.

Thursday, April 14, 9:30 a.m.

Friday, April 15, 10 a.m.

Saturday, April 16, Spring Game, 1 p.m.


# weinihaigou-better
单页面 海淘商城(优化版)

新增项目视频展示
项目视频展示链接

# 前言

这次主要是对之前本胖写的单页面 海淘商城做一个系统性的优化。
此项目大大小小共 16 个主体页面，涉及注册、登录、商品详情、购物车、下单、订单、订单详情等等，是一个完整的流程。一般公司即便是官网的单页面项目都没这么复杂，如果这个项目能驾驭的了，相信大部分公司的其他单页面应用也就不在话下，即便更复杂，也不会比这个高到哪里去。

# 主要优化点
1.APP.vue中新增了<com-header>,<com-footer>等基础组件，显示隐藏flag都放state里面，这样的好处就是不会让人感觉其实是多页面切换哈（本胖描述的就是这么朴素）。

2.需要登录权限的组件的跳转判断由之前在每个组件里面判断统一放到main.js，通过router.beforeEach统一控制，不过要注意的是vue的初始化都要在获取用户权限的回调里，具体实现代码可以看main.js。

3.将很多组件都要用到的axios以及API挂载到Vue.prototype，这样就不用再每个需要使用的组件中再去import。

4.还有一些就是将之前有部分地方用到jq的都改成了数据驱动。

5.用了keep-alive缓存部分组件

__注：此项目纯属个人瞎搞，正常购买请选择唯妮海购官网。__

## 技术栈

vue2 + vue-cli + vuex + vue-router + webpack + ES6/7

## 关于 数据接口 的说明

该项目所有接口都来自唯妮海购，如有侵权，请联系本胖。马上删除。

## 项目运行

```
git clone https://github.com/lvpangpang/weinihaigou-better.git

cd weinihaigou-better

npm install
有时候安装依赖后会报错  plantomjs-prebuildt@2.1.15 install 'node install.js'，没关系，也是跑的起来的哈，应该是node版本问题

npm run dev

```

```
如果你用过npm run build 打包出来dist文件夹，想运行里面的index.html,可以安装下面的指令来(注意需要修改api.js里面的const pxy = '/api' 改成const pxy = '';)
npm install http-server
cd dist
http-server -P http://www.weinihaigou.com/

或者本地开一个nginx，配置nginx.conf就行

```

# 说明

>  如果对您有帮助，您可以点右上角 "Star" 支持一下 谢谢！ ^_^

>  或者您可以 "follow" 一下，我会不断开源更多的有趣的项目

>  如有问题请直接在 Issues 中提，或者您发现问题并有非常好的解决方案，欢迎 PR 👍

>  如果您不想注册的可以直接用这个账户 用户名 15757135989 密码 123456

> 吕胖胖的博客 http://www.qdfuns.com/house/15098.html

# 目标功能
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# 部分截图


I[NTRODUCTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-1}
==========================

Neurotrauma, that is, traumatic injury to the brain and/or the spinal cord, remains a major public health problem globally. Data are scarce on their true prevalence in Sub-Saharan African region, but traumatic brain injury (TBI) is estimated to have an incidence of 200/100,000 in West Africa.\[[@ref1]\] The incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the other hand is only an extrapolated estimate, put at 21--29/100,000.\[[@ref2]\] These injuries, if not outrightly fatal, usually have significant debilitating effects on the survivors; affect mainly the productive, mobile, working-age groups in the world; and as such are a major source of economic loss in Nigeria, as well as most of Sub-Saharan Africa.\[[@ref3][@ref4][@ref5]\]

Increase in motorization and urbanization is a key factor in the rising incidence in these parts of the world; hence, there is a gradual rise in neurotrauma from motor vehicle and motorbike origin. Road traffic accidents place a huge economic burden on the society as well as the individual and have been estimated to have direct and indirect economic costs of about 50 billion dollars in the developed countries.\[[@ref5]\] In most of the recent reports, these mechanisms of injury from road trauma account for the largest number of TBI in Nigeria.\[[@ref6][@ref7]\]

Delay in receiving health care has been described as a key factor leading to poor outcome.\[[@ref8]\] The care of the neurotrauma patient starts from the point of trauma where things such as basic on-site resuscitation can be done, airway secured, and the spine immobilized long before the patient gets to a specialized trauma facility. These early interventions play a significant role in facilitating good outcomes in these groups of patients.\[[@ref9][@ref10][@ref11]\] In the absence of a dedicated service to carry out these functions, patients should be transferred as soon as possible to specialized trauma care with specialized neurosurgical facilities.

In the nervous system, neural pathologic lesions resulting from the primary impact of the trauma lead to direct injury to neuronal structures. This is the usual and most direct cause of fatality in TBI in the first few posttrauma golden hours. Avoidable causes of death such as hypovolemia, hypotension, and hypoxia are secondary assaults that are usually compounded by delays in getting specialized care in developing countries. Almost 50% of such delays can be merely as a result of slowness in transfer from a primary care facility to a specialized care facility.\[[@ref12]\] Such delay in receiving neurotrauma patients from the primary care health facilities for definitive care is a daily experience in our neurosurgical practice in Nigeria.

The aim of this study, therefore, is to quantify this delay and its determinants in our study population.

M[ETHODS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-2}
=====================

We prospectively reviewed the prehospital characteristics of neurotrauma patients who presented for neurosurgical care at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, during the study period. The UCH is our country\'s foremost university teaching hospital, a nationally designated center of excellence in neurosciences. It is located in Southwestern Nigeria but receives neurosurgical referrals from at least two-thirds of the nation\'s geographical spread. These referrals are usually from all strata of the national health pyramid: primary, secondary, tertiary, and private health-care facilities within and out of state.\[[@ref13]\]

Head injury (HI) was defined in this study using the United States Department of Veterans Affairs definition as traumatically induced structural injury and/or physiologic disruption of brain function as a result of an external force that is indicated by new onset or worsening of at least one of the following clinical signs, immediately following the event: any period of loss of or a decreased level of consciousness, any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the injury (posttraumatic amnesia), any alteration in mental state at the time of the injury (confusion, disorientation, slowed thinking, etc.), and neurologic deficits (weakness, loss of balance, change in vision, praxis, paresis/plegia, sensory loss, aphasia, etc.) that may or may not be transient or intracranial lesion.\[[@ref14]\] Classification into mild, moderate, and severe HI was done using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Patients with GCS 13--15, 9--12, and 3--12 were classified as mild, moderate, and severe HI, respectively.

The participants for this study were recruited at the time of presentation to the hospital over a 4-month period between July and October 2016. A total sampling of all prospective, consecutive patients presenting during the study period was done. The information obtained included the biodata, cause of trauma, and details of initial care before referral for neurosurgical care. Information regarding timing from trauma to presentation for neurosurgical care as well as causes of delay (in those presenting late) was obtained from their letters of referral when available, as well as from the history obtained from the patients or their relations/eyewitnesses when the patients were themselves not lucid enough to give the history. Delay was described as a presentation to our facility \>4 h posttrauma Seelig *et al*.\[[@ref15]\]

Data management/statistical analysis {#sec2-1}
------------------------------------

The clinical variables for this study were gathered consecutively with clinical summary forms. The data were entered into an electronic spreadsheet using the Statistical package for social sciences Version 22 (SPSS, Inc. Illinois USA). The data were analyzed and presented with descriptive statistics.

R[ESULTS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-3}
=====================

One hundred and eleven patients were recruited to the study: 89 males and 22 females, male:female ratio of 4:1. Eighty-nine patients (80.2%) had HI, 16 patients (14.4%) had SCI, while 6 (5.4%) patients had combined HI and SCI. Forty-eight (53.9%) of the head injured patients had mild HI. Moderate HI and severe HI were sustained in 20 (22.5%) and 21 (23.6%) of the patients, respectively. Complete SCI, that is, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading scale A was seen in 9 (40.9%) of the 22 patients with spinal cord injuries. ASIA C, D, and E were seen in 4 (18.1%), 3 (13.6%), and 6 (27.3%) patients, respectively. The patients with the ASIA E injuries also fell into the group with combined head and spinal cord injuries. The head injuries were all mild in these groups of patients. Twenty patients (18.0%) had injury to other organs/systems. Injury to the long bones formed the largest number of extra craniospinal axis injuries \[[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}\].

######

Distribution of patients with extra craniospinal axis injury secondary to road trauma

![](JNRP-9-545-g001)

Fifteen (52.8%) of the patients were between the ages of 21 and 40 years. There was a steady increase in the number of cases up to 40 years of age among the patients after which there was a sharp decline in the number of cases \[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}\].

![Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria: age distribution of the patient population](JNRP-9-545-g002){#F1}

Causes of trauma were mainly road traffic accidents (82 \[73.9%\]) and falls (16 \[14.4%\]) \[[Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}\]. More than half of the patient population (59 \[53.2%\]) presented after 12 h of injury, \[[Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}\], and only one-third (36 \[33.3%\]) within 4 h, \[[Table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}\].

######

Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria: mechanism ofinjury

![](JNRP-9-545-g003)

![Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria](JNRP-9-545-g004){#F2}

######

Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria: location of trauma and duration (h) before presentation

![](JNRP-9-545-g005)

Ninety-three patients (83.8%) were referrals from other facilities while 18 patients (16.2%) presented directly from the site of trauma to our health facility, the study center. More than half (51%) of the referred patients presented first to a private hospital, as shown in [Figure 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}. Of all the referred patients, 16 patients were referred from tertiary facilities, 13 of those patients were from facilities with neurosurgical facilities; however, the patients were referred due to lack of bed space for admission at those facilities. Referrals from other facilities were due to lack of neurosurgical facilities and expertise to manage patients with a diagnosis of HI, irrespective of the grade of HI.

![Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria: preneurosurgical disposition of the study participants](JNRP-9-545-g006){#F3}

Sixty-two (56%) patients sustained the neurotrauma intracity, within the Ibadan metropolis, our study center\'s location; 10 patients (9%) had the trauma within our state, Oyo state but out of the Ibadan metropolis, while 38 (35%) had the trauma out-of-state. Delayed referral was the most common cause of the late presentation, followed by long-distance travel to access our center, \[[Figure 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}\].

![Timing of presentation of neurotrauma victims for neurosurgery in Nigeria: reasons for delay](JNRP-9-545-g007){#F4}

Ninety-six (86%) patients were brought in by their relatives. The remaining patients were brought in by neighbors, police, or other road safety officials and sometimes by mere passers-by, the so-called "good Samaritans," \[[Figure 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}\].

![Delayed neurosurgical presentation of neurotrauma patients in Ibadan: persons bringing in the patients](JNRP-9-545-g008){#F5}

D[ISCUSSION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-4}
========================

Motor vehicle accidents are a major cause of neurotrauma in this series with the pattern of etiology described being similar to that of Adeleye *et al*., where 143 patients were reviewed in another major Southwestern Nigerian state. One hundred and five patients (73.4%) in that report presented first to other facilities before presenting to the trauma center with neurosurgical services. The details of the prior treatment received by these patients before their neurosurgical referrals could not be ascertained in 80% of the participants.\[[@ref7]\]

Delay in the treatment of HI, especially evacuation of intracranial hematoma, is a well-known preventable cause of mortality and significant morbidity, posttrauma.\[[@ref15]\] Delay occurs when there is an unreasonable time lapse between the onset of deterioration and subsequent positive diagnostic or therapeutic action.\[[@ref12]\] In this series, 34.1% of the patients presented after 24 h and only 33.3% of patients presented within the acceptable time frame of 4 h. Hence, a larger percentage of patients that could possibly be saved could be lost due to this sort of delayed presentation. Trauma occurring within Ibadan metropolis, our center\'s city of location, tends to present earlier to us for neurosurgical care: 33 of the 36 such patients presented within 4 h; hence, a neurotrauma service located in a large city can be, not unexpectedly, a major facilitation to reducing delay in presenting for dedicated specialist care following neurotrauma. Fifty-seven patients presented from private facilities; hence; there is a need for cooperation between the primary care physicians/general practitioners and the neurotrauma care team. Delay in patient referral in tandem with long distance to a specialized service accounts for 64% of the delay in presentation in this study. The above along factors as well as long distance travelled to get to our service to access specialized neurotrauma service, accunt for 90% of the factors respoonsible for delayed presentation.

There are several interventions aimed at reduction of the incidence and severity of neurotrauma following road traffic accidents. Use of seat belts for vehicle occupants is one of these and has been mandated in many industrialized countries. However, this intervention has not had the desired effect in developing countries for lack of compliance with this road-safety rule, and many of the old, over-used vehicles plying the roads in these low-resource regions actually lack functional seat belts.\[[@ref16][@ref17][@ref18][@ref19]\] Strategies targeted at the two-wheelers have also been devised and include the use of helmets. In some places, laws are passed to ensure two-wheelers are sold with appropriate helmet.\[[@ref20][@ref21]\] Other interventions described include building of wider sidewalks to protect civilians; yet, other cross-cutting interventions aimed at protecting all road users include enforcing speed limits and placing of speed bumps.\[[@ref18]\] All these, along with well-developed emergency medical services, have continued to help in mitigating the burdens of neurotrauma in most developed countries. These interventions are as a rule not readily adopted in most developing countries, thereby contributing to the already bleak outlook of neurotrauma patients. Early referral and quick intervention could be a point of intervention in our peculiar environment. There is a need to carry out continuing medical education to teach physicians on initial care of HI and identifying features of worsening HI.

Hence, as seen in this study, determinants of delay of presentation could be deemed:

Infrastructural: Poor road network, lack of emergency medical and ambulance services, and unavailability of patient transfer networkDelay in decision: For those in the preneurosurgical heath facilities, private or tertiary health facilities, there is the tendency to first attend to other injuries, suture lacerations, and secure hemostasis while observing the patient for signs of possible recovery. When recovery is not imminent, the decision to transfer is made. We actually received some unstable patients; hence, we suspect that the clinical status of the patient with regard to clinical stability is insignificant in deciding to refer the patientsFinances: Medical treatment in Nigeria is largely paid for out of pocket by patients at the points of care; hence, funds are first expended in the primary care facility, such that by the time of referral, relatives that tend to bring the patient to the hospital have exhausted a significant amount of their finances on the initial care.\[[@ref22]\]

Study limitations {#sec2-2}
-----------------

One main limitation of this study is its short duration, small sample size, and the fact that it was a single-center one. Other limitations include the fact that the outcomes' pre- and post-admissions could not be included in the result due to poor records which is a bane of medical research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, the findings were in agreement with what is our daily experience in the neurosurgical care of neurotrauma patients in our service.

C[ONCLUSIONS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-5}
=========================

Neurotrauma is still a silent epidemic in the developing countries and interventions to stem the tide of mortalities and poor outcomes at present are not adequate. Delayed presentation due to late referral and long distance remains a modifiable problem. There is a need for better cooperation between the neurotrauma experts and the primary care physicians.

Financial support and sponsorship {#sec2-3}
---------------------------------

Nil.

Conflicts of interest {#sec2-4}
---------------------

There are no conflicts of interest.


DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant) With the current emphasis on defined vaccines composed of protein subunits, there is a persistent need to improve the stability and performance of vaccines. Most vaccines are formulated in aqueous buffers and suspensions with aluminum salts adjuvants, vaccine immunogens degrade and lose potency (and efficacy). Elevated temperature increases the rate of protein degradation. As a result, liquid vaccines must be stored under refrigerated or frozen conditions. A well-controlled environmental cold chain must be maintained from the point of manufacture to the ultimate vaccinee. Temperature control will ultimately not be satisfactory in situations where vaccines are rarely used or not widely distributed especially where the vaccines are to be stockpiled for use for biodefense. The goal of this proposal is to develop processes and specific thermally stable formulations for two biodefense subunit vaccines adsorbed to aluminum adjuvants. This will be accomplished by using a drying technology and excipients that prevent the aggregation of aluminum adjuvant particles during freeze-drying and subsequent storage, while also preserving the structural and chemical integrity of the antigen. The vaccine subunits for study and development, a Ricin A chain vaccine (RTA V76M/Y80A, RiVax(tm)) and a hyperimmunogenic mutant (DNI, dominant negative inhibitor) of B. anthracis protective antigen (PA), are overall well characterized in physical and immunological properties. The first goal of this proposal is to develop and characterize the terminal step in manufacture of the vaccines, which would comprise lyophilization aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed subunit vaccines in the presence of stabilizing excipients, permitting retention of structure of the immunogens and functionality of the adjuvant. The second goal of this proposal is to develop vaccines that are more effective by employing well-characterized co-adjuvants that can be added to aluminum adjuvants subunits. This is expected to result in dried thermostable subunit vaccines that can be given in an accelerated regimen (fewer numbers of doses) and which result in more rapid onset of protective immunity.


Luke, Caged: The Joy of Black Love and the Agony of Police Reform

Lemme start this spoiler-filled review/hotpiece with the following caveat: I love superhero shows in general. Marvel/Netflix’s Luke Cage was good in most respects. While some reviewers worry about the conservative nature of Cage, you have to take into account that Power Man was no more going after “black-on-black” crime than Daredevil goes after “white-on-white” crime. By nature, superhero stories are inherently conservative in that they focus on the power of a select group of people fighting evil people (who tend to be poor, at least on the street level), rather than fighting evil structures, and rather than focusing the liberation and radical empowerment of the many. In this vein, LC is not any more so conservative than Superman, Batman, or Spider-Man, and in many ways, much less so.

A few other thoughts I had while watching the series.

One, in the Black Lives Matter Age, there is a lot of talk about Black Death, particularly among fellow non-Black folks, but there is not so much talk about Black Life and what that means. The Harlem of Luke Cage, however, is unapologetically Black. It is breathing in the blues, jazz, hip-hop, sports-talk, trash-talk, barbershops, and shared history of Black people in Harlem and throughout the US. The show breathes love of Black people, Black business, Black culture, Black minds, Black ingenuity, Black sex (despite the awful coffee jokes). Black love. These are not just bodies in the street, but lived lives.

Add to the mix that the blackness experience is not singular here. Early on, we have three different perspectives for what it means to love Black Harlem in a White Supremacist Capitalist world: Cottonmouth’s with money, his cousin Councilwoman Mariah’s with political power, and Pop the Barber’s with interpersonal relationships (later we also hear from good-but-suspicious cop Misty Knight about protecting from bullies using the law, but, well…). Unlike later villain Diamondback, none of these characters is cartoonish in their perspectives. They all have redeeming qualities not only with their personalities, but also with their perspectives. They’re all trying with what they know and how they exceed.

Two, after the police conduct a racialized stop-and-frisk brutalization of Harlem youth culminating in one of them being beaten in an interrogation room, I felt abjectly cheated. There was no justice for Lonnie Wilson – who we mutedly met in the first scenes – despite his face being torn up and bloodied by the police. And while that one cop – a bad seed – was put on leave pending an investigation, the commanders and supervisors who ran and sanctioned this operation and who left this child alone in the hands of this violent man in a tight room were free to run about their day, making justifications for their racism.

Three, under the direction of Councilwoman Mariah Dillard at a rally in her nightclub, the BLM protests are completely undone. No, contrary to White imagination, they do not turn violent – at least in the sense of destroying property. Instead, politician-cum-underworld master “Black Mariah” turns their rage against the police force into one of empowering the police with even more deadly weapons. She reminds her audience that the real threat is not the police but Cage, whom in a bit of J. Jonah Jameson-inspired blurb she calls a superpowered “menace.” Councilwoman/gun-runner Dillard appeases the conscience of racist police by reassuring listeners that the police were merely shook up themselves because they too were afraid of LC. If only they had better weapons, the reasoning explicitly goes, they would leave us good people alone.

But that’s not how the police referred to the “blacks and Hispanics” of Harlem. “The good people in Harlem have no problem with me. Just the assholes.” But the police weren’t even shaking down known troublemakers (which should have been questioned anyway). Apparently, being a young black or brown male in Harlem makes you an asshole, worthy of being hurt. Blackness means not only should you be feared, but that you should fear.

By nature, superhero stories suspend disbelief. But only so far. We can never trust the physics put before us, but we want to follow the psychics – the characters’ believability – of these stories. We need to believe that these are human beings – that they are us in a world where Einstein and Newton are tossed out the window. The fact that these protesters sided with Mariah in arming rather than disarming the police was not just poor writing – it was a punch to the gut. Are people really this dumb? Can we bend realism that far?

Can a group protesting police brutality against black people really go to demanding that the police be given more resources for their victimization? And then I remembered that’s how most politicians are spinning the Black Lives Matter movement now – whether they support Blue Lives Matter laws or they tell protesters that they need to vote, not boo. Hell, compare what the neoliberal wing of the wider BLM movement did with Campaign Zero with the much more roots-deep Movement for Black Lives.


/*
* File ScaleOperator.java
*
* Copyright (C) 2010 Remco Bouckaert remco@cs.auckland.ac.nz
*
* This file is part of BEAST2.
* See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional
* information regarding copyright ownership and licensing.
*
* BEAST is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
*  BEAST is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
*  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
*  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
*  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with BEAST; if not, write to the
* Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
* Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
*/
package beast.evolution.operators;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

import beast.core.Description;
import beast.core.Input;
import beast.core.Operator;
import beast.core.parameter.BooleanParameter;
import beast.core.parameter.RealParameter;
import beast.evolution.tree.Node;
import beast.evolution.tree.Tree;
import beast.util.Randomizer;

@Description("Scales a parameter or a complete beast.tree (depending on which of the two is specified.")
public class ScaleOperator extends Operator {

    public final Input<Tree> treeInput = new Input<>("tree", "if specified, all beast.tree divergence times are scaled");

    public final Input<RealParameter> parameterInput = new Input<>("parameter", "if specified, this parameter is scaled",
            Input.Validate.XOR, treeInput);

    public final Input<Double> scaleFactorInput = new Input<>("scaleFactor", "scaling factor: range from 0 to 1. Close to zero is very large jumps, close to 1.0 is very small jumps.", 0.75);
    public final Input<Boolean> scaleAllInput =
            new Input<>("scaleAll", "if true, all elements of a parameter (not beast.tree) are scaled, otherwise one is randomly selected",
                    false);
    public final Input<Boolean> scaleAllIndependentlyInput =
            new Input<>("scaleAllIndependently", "if true, all elements of a parameter (not beast.tree) are scaled with " +
                    "a different factor, otherwise a single factor is used", false);

    final public Input<Integer> degreesOfFreedomInput = new Input<>("degreesOfFreedom", "Degrees of freedom used when " +
            "scaleAllIndependently=false and scaleAll=true to override default in calculation of Hasting ratio. " +
            "Ignored when less than 1, default 0.", 0);
    final public Input<BooleanParameter> indicatorInput = new Input<>("indicator", "indicates which of the dimension " +
            "of the parameters can be scaled. Only used when scaleAllIndependently=false and scaleAll=false. If not specified " +
            "it is assumed all dimensions are allowed to be scaled.");
    final public Input<Boolean> rootOnlyInput = new Input<>("rootOnly", "scale root of a tree only, ignored if tree is not specified (default false)", false);
    final public Input<Boolean> optimiseInput = new Input<>("optimise", "flag to indicate that the scale factor is automatically changed in order to achieve a good acceptance rate (default true)", true);

    final public Input<Double> scaleUpperLimit = new Input<>("upper", "Upper Limit of scale factor", 1.0 - 1e-8);
    final public Input<Double> scaleLowerLimit = new Input<>("lower", "Lower limit of scale factor", 1e-8);

    /**
     * shadows input *
     */
    private double scaleFactor;

    private double upper, lower;
    /**
     * flag to indicate this scales trees as opposed to scaling a parameter *
     */
    private boolean isTreeScaler = true;

    @Override
    public void initAndValidate() {
        scaleFactor = scaleFactorInput.get();
        isTreeScaler = (treeInput.get() != null);
        upper = scaleUpperLimit.get();
        lower = scaleLowerLimit.get();

        final BooleanParameter indicators = indicatorInput.get();
        if (indicators != null) {
            if (isTreeScaler) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("indicator is specified which has no effect for scaling a tree");
            }
            final int dataDim = parameterInput.get().getDimension();
            final int indsDim = indicators.getDimension();
            if (!(indsDim == dataDim || indsDim + 1 == dataDim)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("indicator dimension not compatible from parameter dimension");
            }
        }
    }

    protected boolean isTreeScaler() {
        return isTreeScaler;
    }

    protected boolean outsideBounds(final double value, final RealParameter param) {
        final Double l = param.getLower();
        final Double h = param.getUpper();

        return (value < l || value > h);
        //return (l != null && value < l || h != null && value > h);
    }

    protected double getScaler() {
        return (scaleFactor + (Randomizer.nextDouble() * ((1.0 / scaleFactor) - scaleFactor)));
    }

    /**
     * override this for proposals,
     *
     * @return log of Hastings Ratio, or Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY if proposal should not be accepted *
     */
    @Override
    public double proposal() {

        try {

            double hastingsRatio;
            final double scale = getScaler();

            if (isTreeScaler) {

                final Tree tree = treeInput.get(this);
                if (rootOnlyInput.get()) {
                    final Node root = tree.getRoot();
                    final double newHeight = root.getHeight() * scale;

                    if (newHeight < Math.max(root.getLeft().getHeight(), root.getRight().getHeight())) {
                        return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                    }
                    root.setHeight(newHeight);
                    return -Math.log(scale);
                } else {
                    // scale the beast.tree
                    final int internalNodes = tree.scale(scale);
                    return Math.log(scale) * (internalNodes - 2);
                }
            }

            // not a tree scaler, so scale a parameter
            final boolean scaleAll = scaleAllInput.get();
            final int specifiedDoF = degreesOfFreedomInput.get();
            final boolean scaleAllIndependently = scaleAllIndependentlyInput.get();

            final RealParameter param = parameterInput.get(this);

            assert param.getLower() != null && param.getUpper() != null;

            final int dim = param.getDimension();

            if (scaleAllIndependently) {
                // update all dimensions independently.
                hastingsRatio = 0;
                final BooleanParameter indicators = indicatorInput.get();
                if (indicators != null) {
                    final int dimCount = indicators.getDimension();
                    final Boolean[] indicator = indicators.getValues();
                    final boolean impliedOne = dimCount == (dim - 1);
                    for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
                        if( (impliedOne && (i == 0 || indicator[i-1])) || (!impliedOne && indicator[i]) )  {
                            final double scaleOne = getScaler();
                            final double newValue = scaleOne * param.getValue(i);

                            hastingsRatio -= Math.log(scaleOne);

                            if (outsideBounds(newValue, param)) {
                                return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                            }

                            param.setValue(i, newValue);
                        }
                    }
                }  else {

                    for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {

                        final double scaleOne = getScaler();
                        final double newValue = scaleOne * param.getValue(i);

                        hastingsRatio -= Math.log(scaleOne);

                        if( outsideBounds(newValue, param) ) {
                            return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                        }

                        param.setValue(i, newValue);
                    }
                }
            } else if (scaleAll) {
                // update all dimensions
                // hasting ratio is dim-2 times of 1dim case. would be nice to have a reference here
                // for the proof. It is supposed to be somewhere in an Alexei/Nicholes article.

                // all Values assumed independent!
                final int computedDoF = param.scale(scale);
                final int usedDoF = (specifiedDoF > 0) ? specifiedDoF : computedDoF ;
                hastingsRatio = (usedDoF - 2) * Math.log(scale);
            } else {
                hastingsRatio = -Math.log(scale);

                // which position to scale
                final int index;
                final BooleanParameter indicators = indicatorInput.get();
                if (indicators != null) {
                    final int dimCount = indicators.getDimension();
                    final Boolean[] indicator = indicators.getValues();
                    final boolean impliedOne = dimCount == (dim - 1);

                    // available bit locations. there can be hundreds of them. scan list only once.
                    final int[] loc = new int[dimCount + 1];
                    int locIndex = 0;

                    if (impliedOne) {
                        loc[locIndex] = 0;
                        ++locIndex;
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < dimCount; i++) {
                        if (indicator[i]) {
                            loc[locIndex] = i + (impliedOne ? 1 : 0);
                            ++locIndex;
                        }
                    }

                    if (locIndex > 0) {
                        final int rand = Randomizer.nextInt(locIndex);
                        index = loc[rand];
                    } else {
                        return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; // no active indicators
                    }

                } else {
                    // any is good
                    index = Randomizer.nextInt(dim);
                }

                final double oldValue = param.getValue(index);

                if (oldValue == 0) {
                    // Error: parameter has value 0 and cannot be scaled
                    return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                }

                final double newValue = scale * oldValue;

                if (outsideBounds(newValue, param)) {
                    // reject out of bounds scales
                    return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                }

                param.setValue(index, newValue);
                // provides a hook for subclasses
                //cleanupOperation(newValue, oldValue);
            }

            return hastingsRatio;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            // whatever went wrong, we want to abort this operation...
            return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
        }
    }

    /**
     * automatic parameter tuning *
     */
    @Override
    public void optimize(final double logAlpha) {
        if (optimiseInput.get()) {
            double delta = calcDelta(logAlpha);
            delta += Math.log(1.0 / scaleFactor - 1.0);
            setCoercableParameterValue(1.0 / (Math.exp(delta) + 1.0));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public double getCoercableParameterValue() {
        return scaleFactor;
    }

    @Override
    public void setCoercableParameterValue(final double value) {
        scaleFactor = Math.max(Math.min(value, upper), lower);
    }

    @Override
    public String getPerformanceSuggestion() {
        final double prob = m_nNrAccepted / (m_nNrAccepted + m_nNrRejected + 0.0);
        final double targetProb = getTargetAcceptanceProbability();

        double ratio = prob / targetProb;
        if (ratio > 2.0) ratio = 2.0;
        if (ratio < 0.5) ratio = 0.5;

        // new scale factor
        final double sf = Math.pow(scaleFactor, ratio);

        final DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("#.###");
        if (prob < 0.10) {
            return "Try setting scaleFactor to about " + formatter.format(sf);
        } else if (prob > 0.40) {
            return "Try setting scaleFactor to about " + formatter.format(sf);
        } else return "";
    }

} // class ScaleOperator


/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package sun.java2d.opengl;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Transparency;

import sun.java2d.SurfaceData;
import sun.java2d.SurfaceDataProxy;
import sun.java2d.loops.SurfaceType;
import sun.java2d.loops.CompositeType;

/**
 * The proxy class contains the logic for when to replace a
 * SurfaceData with a cached OGL Texture and the code to create
 * the accelerated surfaces.
 */
public class OGLSurfaceDataProxy extends SurfaceDataProxy {
    public static SurfaceDataProxy createProxy(SurfaceData srcData,
                                               OGLGraphicsConfig dstConfig)
    {
        if (srcData instanceof OGLSurfaceData) {
            // srcData must be a VolatileImage which either matches
            // our pixel format or not - either way we do not cache it...
            return UNCACHED;
        }

        return new OGLSurfaceDataProxy(dstConfig, srcData.getTransparency());
    }

    OGLGraphicsConfig oglgc;
    int transparency;

    public OGLSurfaceDataProxy(OGLGraphicsConfig oglgc, int transparency) {
        this.oglgc = oglgc;
        this.transparency = transparency;
    }

    @Override
    public SurfaceData validateSurfaceData(SurfaceData srcData,
                                           SurfaceData cachedData,
                                           int w, int h)
    {
        if (cachedData == null) {
            cachedData = oglgc.createManagedSurface(w, h, transparency);
        }
        return cachedData;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSupportedOperation(SurfaceData srcData,
                                        int txtype,
                                        CompositeType comp,
                                        Color bgColor)
    {
        return (bgColor == null || transparency == Transparency.OPAQUE);
    }
}


Q:

Auth0 Callback URL Live and Development

I currently have an Angular 2 App that uses Auth0 to do authentication. Everything is working fine, but the callback url in the login service only works for the live website. So when I am running my development code on localhost and go to login it always redirects me to the live version of my website, I don't want to have to keep changing one line of code back and forth between my deployments and when I am testing locally. Here is the login method in the auth.service.ts.
public login(): void {

this.auth0.authorize({
  responseType: 'token id_token',
  audience: 'https://xxxxxx/userinfo',
  redirectUri: 'http://www.mylivewebsite.com/callback',
  scope: 'openid'
});

I use this when I am testing the app locally.
public login(): void {

this.auth0.authorize({
  responseType: 'token id_token',
  audience: 'https://xxxxxx/userinfo',
  redirectUri: 'http://localhost:4200/callback',
  scope: 'openid'
});

Is there a way to detect what URL I came from and adjust accordingly? I feel like there is a simple answer but I cant seem to find a way to make it work.

A:

The way that I handle this is with an environment variable. Many people will use the NODE_ENV to determine if an app is in development or production.
You could do this:
public login(): void {

this.auth0.authorize({
  responseType: 'token id_token',
  audience: 'https://xxxxxx/userinfo',

  redirectUri: (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') ? [deploy url] : [dev url],

  scope: 'openid'
});


A British Columbia businessman and philanthropist is suing Twitter for publishing what he calls ”false and defamatory” tweets that escalated during the 2016 United States election.

Frank Giustra is the founder of Lionsgate Entertainment and CEO of the Fiore Group of Companies, and he’s also a member of the board of trustees of the Clinton Foundation.

He says in a notice of civil claim filed in B.C. Supreme Court that he faced a targeted attack on Twitter by a group who set out to vilify him for political purposes starting around February 2015.

Giustra says a number of defamatory and malicious tweets were published labelling him ”corrupt,” a “murderous thief” and a “criminal,” and accusing him of being involved in “pizzagate,” a debunked child sex trafficking conspiracy theory.

He says he asked Twitter on multiple occasions to remove the posts and the social-media company deleted some of them, but it has neglected or refused to remove others and continues to publish a “large number” of false, defamatory, abusive and threatening tweets.

None of the allegations has been proven in court and Twitter has not yet filed a statement of defence.

Giustra did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Saturday, while Twitter declined to comment.