In recent weeks, we have learned that Donald Trump pardoned right-wing pundit Dinesh D’Souza, who had pled guilty to making illegal campaign contributions using straw donors in 2012. We also learned that D’Souza has a new movie that will open in August, "Death of a Nation," which compares Donald Trump to Abraham Lincoln.

“'Death of a Nation' draws a provocative analogy between Lincoln and Trump,” D’Souza explained. “Not that they’re the same people, but that they’ve fallen into the same situation. Not since 1865 have Democrats so dramatically refused to accept the outcome of a presidential election.”

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Yes, that’s right. According to D’Souza we are witnessing parallels today between the current Democrats and the Civil War-era Democrats who supported the Southern slave-holding aristocracy. Forget that this parallel makes absolutely no sense given the historical transformation in party politics. According to D’Souza, he has (once again) uncovered a huge conspiracy that threatens the very future of the nation — the fact that the Democrats have always wanted to destroy national unity. The movie poster eerily offers an image of a man’s face with Lincoln’s features on the left and Trump’s on the right. It is quite possibly the most brazen effort yet to legitimize Trump as the rightful leader of this nation.

Some critics have noted the coincidence of a pardon and a movie likening Trump to Lincoln. Others have suggested that the pardon is an omen of pardons to come and proof of Trump’s complete disregard for our electoral process.

The big story here, though, may be that D’Souza has outdone himself with this new movie — and that’s saying a lot. Prior to this new film D’Souza had released a number of films including: "2016: Obama’s America" (released in 2012) and "Hillary’s America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party" (released in 2016). "Obama’s America" was largely considered to be a delusional attempt to portray Obama negatively. Owen Gleiberman described it for Entertainment Weekly as a "nonsensically unsubstantiated act of character assassination. ... In place of an actual documentary, D’Souza employs 'pseudo-scholarly leaps of logic' to invent an imaginary character.” In Salon, Andrew O'Hehir characterized it as "free-range amateur psychoanalysis" designed to depict Obama as "a Manchurian candidate preloaded with a Frantz Fanon-style software program aimed at destroying America."

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With "Hillary's America," D'Souza did himself one better, because in that film he combined a character assassination of Hillary Clinton with an effort to characterize the current Democratic Party as the party of the KKK and fascism. As Peter Sobczynski wrote for RogerEbert.com, “The film is less a coherent narrative than a compendium of slanders, innuendos, cherry-picked facts, blatant omissions, stuff taken almost directly from his earlier documentaries, terrible historical reenactments, a couple of interviews that convey additional information of a highly dubious manner and ironic clips from movies that you will wish that you had watched instead of this one.”

And this is to just describe his movies. D’Souza has made a habit of using Twitter to share increasingly outrageous ideas that are openly racist and often based on delusional conspiracy theories. He once tweeted a famously scandalous message suggesting that Obama was ghetto. Shortly after being released from incarceration he tweeted an image of a young Hillary Clinton, then a recent Wellesley College grad, with this message: "Look closely at this Hillary photo; isn't that a Confederate flag behind her on the bookshelf?" The photo had been doctored, but that didn’t stop D’Souza from sharing it. More recently, he took to Twitter to troll the teen survivors of the Parkland shooting.

It is important to recall that D’Souza was not always the unhinged, ultraconservative, Trump-loving racist he is today. While he did start his pundit life off with some fairly extreme stunts — including an anti-affirmative action piece written in "Ebonics," after graduating from college, he typified traditional, neoconservative values. As Vox’s Dylan Matthews explains, D’Souza was once a member in good standing of American conservative intellectual life and served in the Reagan administration. In one of his early books, "Illiberal Education," for example, he attacked the rise of multiculturalism on college campuses. While the book was filled with inaccuracies and dodgy arguments, he made a valid point when he argued that it was a mistake to highlight racial inequality but ignore class privilege in college admissions.

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He was also the guy that Bill Maher happened to be talking to on his ABC show “Politically Incorrect” on Sept. 17, 2001, when Maher made a remark that cost him his show. Recall that in the days after 9/11, President George W. Bush had made it a habit to describe the terrorists who led the attacks as cowards.

D’Souza rejected that label: ''Look at what they did,” he said. “You have a whole bunch of guys who were willing to give their life; none of them backed out. All of them slammed themselves into pieces of concrete. These are warriors.'' To which Maher replied: ''We have been the cowards, lobbing cruise missiles from 2,000 miles away. That's cowardly. Staying in the airplane when it hits the building, say what you want about it, it's not cowardly.''

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Maher lost his show on ABC; D’Souza received no fallout. The story matters, though, not for the different career but rather because it makes clear that D’Souza had been willing to disagree with Bush and with the majority of conservative commentators at the time.

In those days, D’Souza was part of a conservative pundit class that at least occasionally made valid points the left needed to hear. These were also the days when the left and the right could productively engage in debate. Sure, there were fringe characters, but they did not dominate the mainstream narratives tied to party politics.

In case you haven't noticed, those days are long gone. Anyone paying attention knows that we aren’t just living in a moment of incompatible echo chambers. We are living in a moment that offers up political debate as blood sport, where alt-right pundits compete to see who can be the most outrageous while those on the left compete to see who can be most outraged by what they say.

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Yet there is something in the story of D’Souza’s career that seems to offer an interesting reveal to this development. Because in a very basic way D’Souza has morphed from a pseudo-intellectual neoconservative to a total wack-job who even stages his own significance, as seen in this tweet where he has clearly placed his own book on top of others in a display.

At one point in his career D’Souza presumably hoped to influence public debate; now he just wants to profit from saying the most ridiculous and incendiary things he can. The more outrageous he has become, the more profitable his career.

The story of Dinesh D'Souza is a story of how the fringe has become the mainstream. It would be convenient to blame that transition on Donald Trump, who is the poster boy for profiting from outrageous bluster. The D’Souza story, though, should remind us that well before Trump's rise to political power, this country was already veering toward the normalization of inflammatory, conspiracy-theory thinking.

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Trump may be the enabler-in-chief for these wack-jobs but he isn’t their ultimate source. And while the confluence of Trump’s pardon and D’Souza’s new film is too obvious to ignore, this is not really a story about Trump. It’s a story of how the conservative pundit class in this country surrendered to madness, allowing delusional far-right thinking to capture the public’s attention and dominate the political narrative.


Q:

A referential integrity constraint violation occurred mvc4

i have this classes :
Public Class Customer
      Public Property CustomerID As Integer
      Public Property CustomerName As String
      Public Property OrdersList As ICollection(Of Order)
End Class

Public Class Order
          Public Property OrderID As Integer
          Public Property CustomerID As Integer
          Public Property OrderTotal As Decimal
          Public Property OrderDetails As ICollection(Of OrderDetail)
          Public Property OrderCustomer As Customer
End Class

Public Class OrderDetail

    Public Property OrderDetailID As Integer
    Public Property OrderID As Integer
    Public Property ProductID As Integer
    Public Property Price As Decimal
    Public Property Quantity As Decimal
    Public Property LineTotal As Decimal

    Public Property OrderDetailOrder As Order
    Public Property OrderDetailProduct As Product

End Class

Public Class Product
    Public Property ProductID As Integer
    Public Property ProductName As String
    Public Property ProductPrice As Decimal
    Public Property OrderDetails As ICollection(Of OrderDetail)
End Class

and this is the PUT Method
Function PutOrder(ByVal id As Integer, ByVal order As Order) As HttpResponseMessage
        If ModelState.IsValid And id = order.OrderID Then
            db.Entry(order).State = EntityState.Modified
            Try
                db.SaveChanges()
            Catch ex As DbUpdateConcurrencyException
                 Return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            End Try
            Return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK)
        Else
            Return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
        End If
End Function

but when execute :db.Entry(order).State = EntityState.Modified
i have this error
A referential integrity constraint violation occurred: The property values that define the referential constraints are not consistent between principal and dependent objects in the relationship.
thank u all

A:

It means that

either order.CustomerID != order.OrderCustomer.CustomerID
or OrderDetail.OrderID != OrderDetail.OrderDetailOrder.OrderID for at least one of the OrderDetails
or OrderDetail.ProductID != OrderDetail.OrderDetailProduct.ProductID for at least one of the OrderDetails

You must ensure that those values are equal before you attach the order to the context.


import React from "react";
import { Header } from "semantic-ui-react";
import styles from "./NoResults.css";

export default function NoResults() {
  return (
    <>
      <div className={styles.container} />
      <Header as="h2" textAlign="center" disabled>
        No records found
      </Header>
    </>
  );
}


Councilman Bobby Henon is pushing a bill to allow food carts near Cottman and Bustleton avenues following 10th District ban.

Food carts appeared doomed in Northeast Philly after Councilman Brian O’Neill was able to pass legislation banning them in his 10th District, but a new bill close to being approved would allow carts to return to Cottman and Bustleton avenues.

Several trucks had set up daily near the busy intersection before O’Neill’s bill was passed in June. A provision allowed them to stay until October, but, since then, they have been stationed in the nearby P.C. Richard & Son parking lot.

Matt Rossi, president of the Philly Mobile Food Association, said the vendors were happy to strike a deal with the appliance store but were itching to return to the sidewalk.

Sixth District Councilman Bobby Henon worked with Rossi to craft a bill that would allow up to six food trucks to return to the intersection.

It passed out of City Council’s Committee on Streets and Services without incident last week and is expected to be up for a final vote Thursday. The legislation will likely be approved, as council normally sides with district members regarding neighborhood issues.

Specifically, the bill allows three carts to set up shop on the southside of Cottman between Bradford Street and Bustleton and on Bustleton between Cottman and St. Vincent Street.

The spots will be up for grabs on a first-come, first-served basis, according to Lauren Atwell, Henon’s deputy chief of staff.

“It’s a great resolution” to the situation, Rossi said. “It’s allowing trucks and carts to vend and use their licenses and be able to sell.”

Sidewalk sales, including food carts, have been prohibited in Henon’s district since 1998, so, with the passage of O’Neill’s bill, the trucks effectively became illegal throughout most of the Northeast.

O’Neill said he respects Henon’s judgement within the Sixth District and is not anti-vendor. He prefers having an “opt-in” system, where food carts need to have approval and explicit permission to operate in a certain area.

In May, he told the Times he introduced his legislation to protect businesses who might be threatened by street vendors, who O’Neill said have an “unfair advantage” because they do not pay rent or certain taxes.

Rossi runs a number of food trucks and is also the owner of Nick’s Roast Beef, which has a brick-and-mortar location at 2210 Cottman Ave., near the intersection in question.

“It’s exciting,” Rossi said of Henon’s bill. “It’s the first time that something is being given back to food trucks in Philadelphia, in this sense, where a non-vending district is opening up some vending.”

Many of the city’s food trucks are in special vending districts in Center City, University City and near Temple University. None of the districts are in the Northeast. ••

Jack Tomczuk can be reached at jtomczuk@newspapermediagroup.com.


YILAN, Taiwan (Reuters) - The driver of a train in Taiwan that crashed killing 18 people told a court on Tuesday he had switched off its speed-control system, a court official said, as investigators pieced together events that led to the island’s worst rail crash in decades.

Rescue workers work at the site where a train derailed in Yilan county, Taiwan October 22, 2018. REUTERS/Stringer

The train came off the rails on Sunday on a curve while moving at almost 87 miles per hour (140 kmh), nearly twice the speed limit of 46 mph (74 kmh), in the island’s mountainous northeast, the head of a government investigation team said.

Chief investigator Wu Ze-cheng told Reuters earlier it was not clear whether the speed-control system, called automatic train protection, had switched off by itself or had been manually disabled before the accident, which also injured 187 people.

A spokesman for Taiwan Yilan District Court told Reuters the driver told his bail hearing he switched off the system himself to boost the train’s power when it had slowed down on an earlier stretch of the journey.

“He should have turned the system back on at the next stop,” said the court spokesman, Huang Yong-sheng.

“The defendant is highly suspected to have been negligent.”

Reuters was not able to reach the train driver, You Zhen-zhong, 48, for comment. He was granted bail of T$500,000 ($16,167) and barred from leaving Taiwan after being detained for the investigation.

You had been treated in hospital after the accident.

You’s public defender, Kou Tua-jai, said the driver knew he had to turn the protection system back on, but he had failed to do so because he was busy communicating with other coordinators due to a separate problem with the train’s speed.

“He admitted that he’s responsible for dereliction of duty, but he’d like to raise one point: there was something wrong with the train,” Kou told Reuters.

Kou said the driver said the speed shown on the train’s indicator was not its real speed.

Chief investigator Wu said more investigation was needed to determine why the driver failed to turn the protection system back on.

He said it was not immediately clear if the speed shown on the train’s indicator was different to its actual speed.

GRAPHIC: Deadly train crash in Taiwan - tmsnrt.rs/2NZiXQi

The disaster was Taiwan’s deadliest rail accident since a 1981 collision that killed 30 people.

The head of the state railway administration, Lu Jie-shen, had offered to resign but that was not accepted by the transport minister, the railway authority said.

Premier William Lai apologized for the accident on behalf of the government.

“People expected the railway to be the safest,” Lai told parliament.

“I apologize to the people on behalf of the Executive Yuan,” he said, referring to the island’s cabinet.

Train derailments are not uncommon on the island, which has rough, mountainous terrain, but deadly accidents are rare.


BX2™ Protector for iPad- Gray

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The Brenthaven Protector iPad case is designed to offer a low profile, lightweight and extremely protective solution for the iPad 2, 3, and Retina. This product has a rigid high-impact outer shell, combined wtih BX2™ Xtreme Foam inserts, thoughtfully placed throughout. On the exterior surface, there is a unique tracer ID number- which allows for easy recovery should the item go missing. Also includes our patent-pending Secure Grip handle for easy carrying and displaying.


Pages

Monday, 30 January 2012

Knitting and Knots

Check out these beautiful knitted knot pillows from Birkiland! The NotKnot pillows are knitted from Icelandic wool into long, filled cylinders which are then tied into four different knot designs and are available in a choice of ten colours for $128.57 each.

Turk's Head in gray

Chinese Round Brocade in purple

Chinese Good Luck in red

Ashley's Flower in blue

This British Wool Chair by Claire-Ann O'Brien was exhibited in the window of Liberties after being commissioned for British Wool Week 2010. It is knitted in Rowan British Sheep Breeds Yarn.

Claire-Ann O'Brien's British Wool Chair

Claire-Ann's Knit Stools are inspired by the elements of knitted stitches and made from Lambswool and Sheeps' wool in a mixture of both machine and hand knitting. Their fun, oversized textures lend a funky, jaunty look.


[First experience with vertical gastroplasty in the treatment of patients with 4th-degree obesity].
The article discusses four operations for vertical gastroplasty performed for the first time in Russia at the Research Centre of Surgery, RAMS, for degree IV obesity (the body weight of the patients ranged from 115 to 183 kg). The suturing instruments CEEA-28, TA-90, and CIA-90 manufactured by Auto Suture Instruments, USA, were used. Subsequent examination of patients in follow-up periods of as long as 4 months showed a favorable effect of the operations: body weight reduced, the patient's health and the course of concomitant diseases was milder.


/*
 * Copyright 2015 herd contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.finra.herd.service.impl;

import java.util.List;

import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.S3ObjectSummary;
import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.Tag;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import org.finra.herd.core.helper.ConfigurationHelper;
import org.finra.herd.dao.StorageUnitDao;
import org.finra.herd.dao.config.DaoSpringModuleConfig;
import org.finra.herd.dao.helper.JsonHelper;
import org.finra.herd.model.annotation.PublishNotificationMessages;
import org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.BusinessObjectDataKey;
import org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.BusinessObjectDataStorageUnitKey;
import org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.StorageFile;
import org.finra.herd.model.api.xml.StoragePolicyKey;
import org.finra.herd.model.dto.ConfigurationValue;
import org.finra.herd.model.dto.S3FileTransferRequestParamsDto;
import org.finra.herd.model.dto.StoragePolicySelection;
import org.finra.herd.model.dto.StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.BusinessObjectDataEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StorageEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StoragePlatformEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StoragePolicyEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StoragePolicyTransitionTypeEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StorageUnitEntity;
import org.finra.herd.model.jpa.StorageUnitStatusEntity;
import org.finra.herd.service.S3Service;
import org.finra.herd.service.StoragePolicyProcessorHelperService;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.BusinessObjectDataDaoHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.BusinessObjectDataHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.S3KeyPrefixHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StorageFileHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StorageHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StoragePolicyDaoHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StoragePolicyHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StorageUnitDaoHelper;
import org.finra.herd.service.helper.StorageUnitHelper;

/**
 * An implementation of the helper service class for the storage policy processor service.
 */
@Service
@Transactional(value = DaoSpringModuleConfig.HERD_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME)
public class StoragePolicyProcessorHelperServiceImpl implements StoragePolicyProcessorHelperService
{
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StoragePolicyProcessorHelperServiceImpl.class);

    @Autowired
    private BusinessObjectDataDaoHelper businessObjectDataDaoHelper;

    @Autowired
    private BusinessObjectDataHelper businessObjectDataHelper;

    @Autowired
    private ConfigurationHelper configurationHelper;

    @Autowired
    private JsonHelper jsonHelper;

    @Autowired
    private S3KeyPrefixHelper s3KeyPrefixHelper;

    @Autowired
    private S3Service s3Service;

    @Autowired
    private StorageFileHelper storageFileHelper;

    @Autowired
    private StorageHelper storageHelper;

    @Autowired
    private StoragePolicyDaoHelper storagePolicyDaoHelper;

    @Autowired
    private StoragePolicyHelper storagePolicyHelper;

    @Autowired
    private StorageUnitDao storageUnitDao;

    @Autowired
    private StorageUnitDaoHelper storageUnitDaoHelper;

    @Autowired
    private StorageUnitHelper storageUnitHelper;

    @PublishNotificationMessages
    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void initiateStoragePolicyTransition(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto,
        StoragePolicySelection storagePolicySelection)
    {
        initiateStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto, storagePolicySelection);
    }

    /**
     * Initiates a storage policy transition as per specified storage policy selection. This method also updates storage policy transition DTO with parameters
     * needed to perform a storage policy transition.
     *
     * @param storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto the storage policy transition DTO to be updated with parameters needed to perform a storage policy transition
     * @param storagePolicySelection the storage policy selection message
     */
    protected void initiateStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto,
        StoragePolicySelection storagePolicySelection)
    {
        // Validate and trim the storage policy selection message content.
        validateStoragePolicySelection(storagePolicySelection);

        // Get the business object data and storage policy keys from the storage policy selection message.
        BusinessObjectDataKey businessObjectDataKey = storagePolicySelection.getBusinessObjectDataKey();
        StoragePolicyKey storagePolicyKey = storagePolicySelection.getStoragePolicyKey();
        Integer storagePolicyVersion = storagePolicySelection.getStoragePolicyVersion();

        // Retrieve the business object data entity and ensure it exists.
        BusinessObjectDataEntity businessObjectDataEntity = businessObjectDataDaoHelper.getBusinessObjectDataEntity(businessObjectDataKey);

        // Retrieve the storage policy and ensure it exists.
        StoragePolicyEntity storagePolicyEntity = storagePolicyDaoHelper.getStoragePolicyEntityByKeyAndVersion(storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion);

        // Get the storage name.
        String storageName = storagePolicyEntity.getStorage().getName();

        // Initialize the storage policy transition parameters DTO by setting business object data key and storage name.
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setBusinessObjectDataKey(businessObjectDataKey);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setStorageName(storageName);

        // Validate the business object data.
        validateBusinessObjectData(businessObjectDataEntity, businessObjectDataKey);

        // Validate the storage.
        validateStorage(storagePolicyEntity.getStorage(), storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion);

        // Validate that storage policy filter storage has S3 bucket name configured.
        // Please note that since S3 bucket name attribute value is required we pass a "true" flag.
        String s3BucketName = storageHelper
            .getStorageAttributeValueByName(configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_BUCKET_NAME), storagePolicyEntity.getStorage(),
                true);

        // Validate that storage policy transition type is GLACIER.
        Assert.isTrue(StoragePolicyTransitionTypeEntity.GLACIER.equals(storagePolicyEntity.getStoragePolicyTransitionType().getCode()), String
            .format("Storage policy transition type \"%s\" is not supported. Storage policy: {%s}",
                storagePolicyEntity.getStoragePolicyTransitionType().getCode(),
                storagePolicyHelper.storagePolicyKeyAndVersionToString(storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion)));

        // Get the S3 object tag key to be used to tag the objects for archiving.
        String s3ObjectTagKey = configurationHelper.getRequiredProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ARCHIVE_TO_GLACIER_TAG_KEY);

        // Get the S3 object tag value to be used to tag S3 objects for archiving to Glacier.
        String s3ObjectTagValue = configurationHelper.getRequiredProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ARCHIVE_TO_GLACIER_TAG_VALUE);

        // Get the ARN of the role to assume to tag S3 objects for archiving to Glacier.
        String s3ObjectTaggerRoleArn = configurationHelper.getRequiredProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ARCHIVE_TO_GLACIER_ROLE_ARN);

        // Get the session identifier for the assumed role to be used to tag S3 objects for archiving to Glacier.
        String s3ObjectTaggerRoleSessionName = configurationHelper.getRequiredProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ARCHIVE_TO_GLACIER_ROLE_SESSION_NAME);

        // Retrieve the storage unit and ensure it exists.
        StorageUnitEntity storageUnitEntity = storageUnitDaoHelper.getStorageUnitEntity(storageName, businessObjectDataEntity);

        // Validate the storage unit.
        validateStorageUnit(storageUnitEntity, storageName, businessObjectDataKey);

        // Get S3 key prefix for this business object data.
        String s3KeyPrefix = s3KeyPrefixHelper
            .buildS3KeyPrefix(storagePolicyEntity.getStorage(), storageUnitEntity.getBusinessObjectData().getBusinessObjectFormat(), businessObjectDataKey);

        // Retrieve and validate storage files registered with the storage unit.
        List<StorageFile> storageFiles = storageFileHelper.getAndValidateStorageFiles(storageUnitEntity, s3KeyPrefix, storageName, businessObjectDataKey);

        // Validate that this storage does not have any other registered storage files that
        // start with the S3 key prefix, but belong to other business object data instances.
        storageUnitDaoHelper.validateNoExplicitlyRegisteredSubPartitionInStorageForBusinessObjectData(storageUnitEntity.getStorage(),
            businessObjectDataEntity.getBusinessObjectFormat(), businessObjectDataKey, s3KeyPrefix);

        // Update the storage unit status.
        String reason = StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING;
        String oldStorageUnitStatus = storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode();
        storageUnitDaoHelper.updateStorageUnitStatus(storageUnitEntity, StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING, reason);

        // Update the policy transition parameters DTO.
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3Endpoint(configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ENDPOINT));
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3BucketName(s3BucketName);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3KeyPrefix(s3KeyPrefix);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setNewStorageUnitStatus(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode());
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setOldStorageUnitStatus(oldStorageUnitStatus);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setStorageFiles(storageFiles);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3ObjectTagKey(s3ObjectTagKey);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3ObjectTagValue(s3ObjectTagValue);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3ObjectTaggerRoleArn(s3ObjectTaggerRoleArn);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setS3ObjectTaggerRoleSessionName(s3ObjectTaggerRoleSessionName);
    }

    /**
     * Validates the storage policy selection. This method also trims the request parameters.
     *
     * @param storagePolicySelection the storage policy selection
     */
    private void validateStoragePolicySelection(StoragePolicySelection storagePolicySelection)
    {
        Assert.notNull(storagePolicySelection, "A storage policy selection must be specified.");
        businessObjectDataHelper.validateBusinessObjectDataKey(storagePolicySelection.getBusinessObjectDataKey(), true, true);
        storagePolicyHelper.validateStoragePolicyKey(storagePolicySelection.getStoragePolicyKey());
        Assert.notNull(storagePolicySelection.getStoragePolicyVersion(), "A storage policy version must be specified.");
    }

    /**
     * Validate that business object data status is supported by the storage policy feature.
     *
     * @param businessObjectDataEntity the business object data entity
     * @param businessObjectDataKey the business object data key
     */
    private void validateBusinessObjectData(BusinessObjectDataEntity businessObjectDataEntity, BusinessObjectDataKey businessObjectDataKey)
    {
        Assert.isTrue(StoragePolicySelectorServiceImpl.SUPPORTED_BUSINESS_OBJECT_DATA_STATUSES.contains(businessObjectDataEntity.getStatus().getCode()), String
            .format("Business object data status \"%s\" is not supported by the storage policy feature. Business object data: {%s}",
                businessObjectDataEntity.getStatus().getCode(), businessObjectDataHelper.businessObjectDataKeyToString(businessObjectDataKey)));
    }

    /**
     * Validates the storage.
     *
     * @param storageEntity the storage entity
     * @param storagePolicyKey the storage policy key
     * @param storagePolicyVersion the storage policy version
     */
    private void validateStorage(StorageEntity storageEntity, StoragePolicyKey storagePolicyKey, Integer storagePolicyVersion)
    {
        // Validate that storage platform is S3 for the storage policy filter storage.
        Assert.isTrue(StoragePlatformEntity.S3.equals(storageEntity.getStoragePlatform().getName()), String
            .format("Storage platform for storage policy filter storage with name \"%s\" is not \"%s\". Storage policy: {%s}", storageEntity.getName(),
                StoragePlatformEntity.S3, storagePolicyHelper.storagePolicyKeyAndVersionToString(storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion)));

        // Validate that storage policy filter storage has the S3 path prefix validation enabled.
        if (!storageHelper
            .getBooleanStorageAttributeValueByName(configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_VALIDATE_PATH_PREFIX), storageEntity,
                false, true))
        {
            throw new IllegalStateException(String
                .format("Path prefix validation must be enabled on \"%s\" storage. Storage policy: {%s}", storageEntity.getName(),
                    storagePolicyHelper.storagePolicyKeyAndVersionToString(storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion)));
        }

        // Validate that storage policy filter storage has the S3 file existence validation enabled.
        if (!storageHelper
            .getBooleanStorageAttributeValueByName(configurationHelper.getProperty(ConfigurationValue.S3_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_VALIDATE_FILE_EXISTENCE), storageEntity,
                false, true))
        {
            throw new IllegalStateException(String
                .format("File existence validation must be enabled on \"%s\" storage. Storage policy: {%s}", storageEntity.getName(),
                    storagePolicyHelper.storagePolicyKeyAndVersionToString(storagePolicyKey, storagePolicyVersion)));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validates the storage unit.
     *
     * @param storageUnitEntity the storage unit entity, not null
     * @param storageName the storage name
     * @param businessObjectDataKey the business object data key
     */
    private void validateStorageUnit(StorageUnitEntity storageUnitEntity, String storageName, BusinessObjectDataKey businessObjectDataKey)
    {
        Assert.isTrue(StorageUnitStatusEntity.ENABLED.equals(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode()) ||
            StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING.equals(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode()), String.format(
            "Storage unit status is \"%s\", but must be \"%s\" or \"%s\" for storage policy transition to proceed. Storage: {%s}, business object data: {%s}",
            storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode(), StorageUnitStatusEntity.ENABLED, StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING, storageName,
            businessObjectDataHelper.businessObjectDataKeyToString(businessObjectDataKey)));
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
    public void executeStoragePolicyTransition(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        executeStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto);
    }

    /**
     * Executes a storage policy transition as per specified storage policy selection.
     *
     * @param storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto the storage policy transition DTO that contains parameters needed to perform a storage policy transition
     */
    protected void executeStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        // Create an S3 file transfer parameters DTO to access the S3 bucket.
        // Since the S3 key prefix represents a directory, we add a trailing '/' character to it.
        S3FileTransferRequestParamsDto s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto = storageHelper.getS3FileTransferRequestParamsDto();
        s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto.setS3Endpoint(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3Endpoint());
        s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto.setS3BucketName(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3BucketName());
        s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto.setS3KeyPrefix(StringUtils.appendIfMissing(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3KeyPrefix(), "/"));

        // Create an S3 file transfer parameters DTO to be used for S3 object tagging operation.
        S3FileTransferRequestParamsDto s3ObjectTaggerParamsDto = storageHelper
            .getS3FileTransferRequestParamsDtoByRole(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3ObjectTaggerRoleArn(),
                storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3ObjectTaggerRoleSessionName());
        s3ObjectTaggerParamsDto.setS3Endpoint(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3Endpoint());

        // Get actual S3 files by selecting all S3 keys matching the S3 key prefix form the S3 bucket.
        // When listing S3 files, we ignore 0 byte objects that represent S3 directories.
        List<S3ObjectSummary> actualS3FilesWithoutZeroByteDirectoryMarkers = s3Service.listDirectory(s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto, true);

        // Validate existence of the S3 files.
        storageFileHelper.validateRegisteredS3Files(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageFiles(), actualS3FilesWithoutZeroByteDirectoryMarkers,
            storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageName(), storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getBusinessObjectDataKey());

        // Get actual S3 files by selecting all S3 keys matching the S3 key prefix form the S3 bucket.
        // This time, we do not ignore 0 byte objects that represent S3 directories.
        List<S3ObjectSummary> actualS3Files = s3Service.listDirectory(s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto, false);

        // Tag the S3 objects to initiate the archiving.
        s3Service.tagObjects(s3FileTransferRequestParamsDto, s3ObjectTaggerParamsDto, actualS3Files,
            new Tag(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3ObjectTagKey(), storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getS3ObjectTagValue()));
    }

    @PublishNotificationMessages
    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void completeStoragePolicyTransition(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        completeStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto);
    }

    /**
     * Completes a storage policy transition as per specified storage policy selection.
     *
     * @param storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto the storage policy transition DTO that contains parameters needed to complete a storage policy transition
     */
    protected void completeStoragePolicyTransitionImpl(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        // Get the business object data key.
        BusinessObjectDataKey businessObjectDataKey = storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getBusinessObjectDataKey();

        // Retrieve the business object data and ensure it exists.
        BusinessObjectDataEntity businessObjectDataEntity = businessObjectDataDaoHelper.getBusinessObjectDataEntity(businessObjectDataKey);

        // Validate that business object data status is supported by the storage policy feature.
        String businessObjectDataStatus = businessObjectDataEntity.getStatus().getCode();
        Assert.isTrue(StoragePolicySelectorServiceImpl.SUPPORTED_BUSINESS_OBJECT_DATA_STATUSES.contains(businessObjectDataStatus), String
            .format("Business object data status \"%s\" is not supported by the storage policy feature. Business object data: {%s}", businessObjectDataStatus,
                businessObjectDataHelper.businessObjectDataKeyToString(businessObjectDataKey)));

        // Retrieve storage unit and ensure it exists.
        StorageUnitEntity storageUnitEntity =
            storageUnitDaoHelper.getStorageUnitEntity(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageName(), businessObjectDataEntity);

        // Validate that storage unit status is ARCHIVING.
        Assert.isTrue(StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING.equals(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode()), String
            .format("Storage unit status is \"%s\", but must be \"%s\" for storage policy transition to proceed. Storage: {%s}, business object data: {%s}",
                storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode(), StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVING, storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageName(),
                businessObjectDataHelper.businessObjectDataKeyToString(businessObjectDataKey)));

        // Change the storage unit status to ARCHIVED.
        String reason = StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVED;
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setOldStorageUnitStatus(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode());
        storageUnitDaoHelper.updateStorageUnitStatus(storageUnitEntity, StorageUnitStatusEntity.ARCHIVED, reason);
        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.setNewStorageUnitStatus(storageUnitEntity.getStatus().getCode());
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void updateStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttemptsIgnoreException(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        updateStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttemptsIgnoreExceptionImpl(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto);
    }

    /**
     * Increments the count for failed storage policy transition attempts for the specified storage unit. This method does not fail in case storage unit entity
     * update is unsuccessful, but simply logs the exception information as a warning.
     *
     * @param storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto the storage policy transition DTO that contains parameters needed to complete a storage policy transition. The
     * business object data key and storage name identify the storage unit to be updated
     */
    protected void updateStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttemptsIgnoreExceptionImpl(StoragePolicyTransitionParamsDto storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto)
    {
        // Log the DTO contents.
        LOGGER.info("storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto={}", jsonHelper.objectToJson(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto));

        // Continue only when business object data kay and storage name are specified.
        if (storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getBusinessObjectDataKey() != null && storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageName() != null)
        {
            try
            {
                // Create a storage unit key.
                BusinessObjectDataStorageUnitKey businessObjectDataStorageUnitKey = storageUnitHelper
                    .createBusinessObjectDataStorageUnitKey(storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getBusinessObjectDataKey(),
                        storagePolicyTransitionParamsDto.getStorageName());

                // Retrieve the storage unit entity and make sure it exists.
                StorageUnitEntity storageUnitEntity = storageUnitDaoHelper.getStorageUnitEntityByKey(businessObjectDataStorageUnitKey);

                // Update the storage policy transition failed attempts count.
                storageUnitEntity.setStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttempts(storageUnitEntity.getStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttempts() == null ? 1 :
                    storageUnitEntity.getStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttempts() + 1);
                storageUnitDao.saveAndRefresh(storageUnitEntity);

                // Log the new value for the storage policy transition failed attempts counter.
                LOGGER.info("Incremented storage policy transition failed attempts counter. " +
                        "storagePolicyTransitionFailedAttempts={} businessObjectDataStorageUnitKey={}",
                    storageUnitEntity.getStoragePolicyTransitionFailedAttempts(), jsonHelper.objectToJson(businessObjectDataStorageUnitKey));
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                LOGGER.warn(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    }
}


name your price

lyrics

We're going on a car chase tonight. You can't get away from me, I know your tail lights. Get off the beltway and I'll chase you down to the warehouse district on the edge of town. It's a car chase.

Ninety-five in a twenty-five the wrong way on a one-way street. Your tailpipe is dragging, I got broken glass on my backseat. You swing around the corner, I hear your squealing tires. I lean out and take a shot, now your engine's on fire. It's a car chase.

Suddenly you pull a 180 in the alleyway. You're heading straight at me, I know I can't get away. How is it, baby, that we've come to this? Two victims of a high-speed, four-tons-of-steel last kiss? It's a car chase.


53 Md. App. 640 (1983)
455 A.2d 69
REGINALD J. MURPHY ET UX.
v.
STUART M. SMITH, INC.
No. 723, September Term, 1982.
Court of Special Appeals of Maryland.
Decided February 4, 1983.
The cause was argued before MOYLAN, LOWE and ALPERT, JJ.
*641 Thomas M. O'Malley, with whom were Gordon G. Ovington and Joseph D. Gallagher on the brief, for appellants.
William N. Zifchak, with whom were Sasscer, Clagett, Channing & Bucher on the brief, for appellee.
LOWE, J., delivered the opinion of the Court.
Reginald J. Murphy, the primary appellant in this case, is a route salesman for Tastykake, Inc. Daily, in the early morning hours, he drove his van to a facility maintained as a pickup point for distribution of Tastykake products, loaded his van according to his needs and distributed the bakery goods to retailers. The product was brought to the pickup point by appellee, Stuart M. Smith, Inc. (a common carrier), from its Baltimore warehouse where it had previously been hauled by Smith from Philadelphia for disbursal.
Appellant declared that while loading his truck one early morning, due to defective lighting at the pickup point he failed to see the "stepping place" on the back of his truck misstepped, fell, and was injured. The suit, filed by Reginald J. Murphy and his wife, appears to be predicated upon a single breach of alternate duties allegedly owed by appellee to Murphy. The premises upon which Murphy was properly present were owned by appellees, and leased to Murphy's employer, Tastykake. They were, according to appellant, negligently operated or maintained. Presumably, appellant intended to prove that appellee had retained control of the area where the fall occurred and thus owed business invitees such as himself the duties accorded that class. The alternate duty is a contention that appellee owed Murphy the duty of an employer to provide a safe place of employment, under the MOSHA[1] Rule. This novel approach, that appellee owed Tastykake's employees such a duty, is, according to appellant set forth in Md. Ann. Code, Art. 89, § 32 (a) (1979 Repl. Vol.), which reads in pertinent part that:
"Each employer shall (1) furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment *642 which are safe and healthful as well as free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees...."
Appellants' primary complaint concerns the trial judge's instruction to the jury that, as a matter of law, any duties owed to Mr. Murphy pursuant to that section of the Code, were not applicable in this case because appellee Smith was not Mr. Murphy's employer. They also complain that no assumption of risk or contributory negligence instruction should have been given, and that no evidence should have been admitted to show that Tastykake had assumed responsibility for the premises where the accident had occurred. The last two of appellants' issues are apparently (although not clearly) two-edged. The allegations of instructional error regarding assumption of risk and contributory negligence, as well as the evidentiary complaint regarding the testimony that Tastykake had assumed the responsibility for maintaining that portion of the premises wherein appellants claim neglect, are clearly predicated upon the MOSHA concept and only impliedly in the alternative under the business invitee theory. We will dispose of the MOSHA duty contention first since it clearly applies to all three issues.
Citing J.I. Hass Co. v. Dep't of Lic. and Reg., 275 Md. 321 (1975), and Mardo Homes, Inc. v. Comm'r, 35 Md. App. 260 (1977), appellants contend that in interpreting MOSHA we should be guided by the federal authorities interpreting OSHA (the federal Occupation Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. § 651, et seq.). They then point to a series of federal cases which have applied a duty under certain circumstances upon someone other than an employer to maintain safe premises for another's employees.
One circumstance appeared where the local jurisdiction's OSHA statute specifically required the employer to keep the employment place safe "for employees." This was the statutory language before the D.C. courts in Hewitt v. *643 Safeway Stores, Inc., 404 F.2d 1247 (D.C. Cir.1968), and Martin v. George Hyman Construction Co.,[2] 395 A.2d 63 (1978), and which reveals these cases to be clearly inapposite.
A second circumstance was where the employer was, or could have been, found to have voluntarily assumed a duty to comply with OSHA regulations for the benefit of persons other than his own employees. To the extent that this circumstance was the basis for the court's holding in Kelly v. Howard S. Wright Constr. Co., 90 Wash.2d 323, 582 P.2d 500 (1978), and partly the basis for the court's holding in Rabar v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc., 415 A.2d 499 (Del. Super. 1980), neither case is apposite.
The third and final circumstance relates to owners or employers who have either actually created a hazardous condition which violated specific OSHA regulations and to which its own and another's employees were exposed, Wendland v. Ridgefield Const. Services, Inc., 439 A.2d 954 (Conn. 1981), or had actual and substantial physical control over the work area, and actual responsibility for the hazardous condition.
The "actual control of the work area" circumstance is wholly or partly the basis for the court's holdings in Brennan v. OSHC and Underhill, 513 F.2d 1032 (2nd Cir., 1975), Carroll v. Getty Oil Co., 498 F. Supp. 409 (D.C. Del. 1980), Rabar v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc., supra. These cases are not apposite because, in the instant case, Smith did not create and did not have actual physical control of alleged inadequate lighting conditions at the pickup point.
On the other hand, appellee points out that Southeast Contractors, Inc. v. Dunlop, 512 F.2d 675 (5th Cir.1975); Horn v. C.L. Osborn Contracting Co., 591 F.2d 318 (5th Cir.1979); Barrera v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., 653 F.2d 915 (5th Cir.1981); and Melerine v. Avondale Shipyards, *644 Inc., 659 F.2d 706 (5th Cir.1981), have flatly held that OSHA does not create a duty on behalf of an employer to any persons other than its own employees, regardless of any other factual circumstance presented.
Because we are a Court purposed to decide cases on the facts presented rather than proclaim in black letter the applicability of law for all purposes, we need not go to the extreme of the fifth circuit. It will suffice that under the facts of this case the Maryland Act is clearly limited, placing the duty on the "employer" for the benefit of "his employees". Rules of construction are to be resorted to only when there is a doubt, ambiguity, or uncertainty, and they are never to be used to create doubt, only to remove it. John McShain, Inc. v. State, 287 Md. 297, 301 (1980). This is another case for applying the canon of construction of the wag whom Justice Frankfurter quoted as saying when the legislative history is doubtful, go to the statute. Greenwood v. United States, 350 U.S. 366, 374 (1956). In doing so we find that neither its statutory language nor legislative intent can be stretched beyond the fair implication of the statute's words or its purpose. Soper v. Montgomery County, 294 Md. 331, 335 (1982). Because the issue had been injected into the case by appellants, the trial judge quite properly dispelled the jury's doubts by instructing that the statutory duty had no applicability in this case.
That leaves us to consider only whether under general tort principles the judge erred in permitting evidence of responsibility for the premises' lighting and whether assumption of risk and contributory negligence were proper considerations for the jury. We wonder that there can be any question.
Regarding the contributory negligence, it will suffice that a jury could have so concluded from appellant's own testimony, wherein he acknowledged that he did not look for the step until he had actually stepped
"I looked and stepped at the same time, sir,"
*645 despite the fact that he was operating in the dark while carrying a stack of cartons. A factfinder could also have concluded that appellant had assumed the risk of the injury from his testimony that there were three alternative routes to accomplish the purpose he was about, all three of which he had upon previous occasions considered and used. See Burke v. Williams, 244 Md. 154 (1966); Benedetto v. Balto. Gas & Elec. Co., 30 Md. App. 171 (1976).
As to appellants' final contention, it is clear that the element of duty implicit in the issue of negligence relating to the possession and control of the premises, was the very issue generated by appellants' suit. They alleged that
"... the premises were owned and operated by the defendant, Stuart M. Smith, Inc. a body corporate and said corporation leased the premises to Tastykake, Inc. a body corporate whom it knew to be the employer of the plaintiff, Reginald J. Murphy...."
An obvious defense available to Smith is that the lease carried with it possession, control, maintenance and responsibility, either expressly or implicitly. Appellants' allegation of negligence, i.e., that the lighting was inadequate, clearly lends itself to the obvious conclusion that the defect (if any) causing the accident was not inherent in the premises at the time of the leasing. To the contrary, an owner is not held, as a matter of law, as being responsible for changing defective light bulbs, a simple housekeeping function, on leased premises. Just as it is the responsibility of appellants to prove that the appellee owes them a duty which it breached, appellee has the commensurate right to produce evidence that the breached duty which allegedly caused the injury was the duty of one other than himself. In this case, where both owner and lessor utilized the premises, the issue narrowed to whether the lessor or the owner was in actual possession and control of the area in question. Evidence from the lessor and the owner of prior *646 understandings and subsequent assumptions of responsibility are clearly relevant.
Judgment affirmed.
Costs to be paid by appellants.
NOTES
[1]  Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Act.
[2]  An additional feature in Martin v. George Hyman Construction Co., 395 A.2d 63 (1978), was the existence of non-OSHA state construction site regulations by which the employer was expressly bound, and which had been violated by it.


Coach Tuchel has some understanding of aversion to the PSG fans for Neymar

Paris Saint-Germain coach, Thomas Tuchel, has mixed feelings about the general attitude of the fans and the club in the direction of Neymar. The team returned on Sunday during the thuisduel by the supermarket en masse against the player.

Neymar likes to be the thoughts of those significantly engaged, in Paris, france. The Former aims to acquire in a transfer, and it remained for that reason out the selection at the airport. During the match, had the PSG supporters, with banners and spreekkoren know it’s ready to be with Neymar.

“It’s hard, and I don’t really know what I’m about to say. I just looked it up on the phone to my assistant, because in the course of the race, I was not,” said Tuchel.


Virus manipulation of cell cycle.
Viruses depend on host cell resources for replication and access to those resources may be limited to a particular phase of the cell cycle. Thus manipulation of cell cycle is a commonly employed strategy of viruses for achieving a favorable cellular environment. For example, viruses capable of infecting nondividing cells induce S phase in order to activate the host DNA replication machinery and provide the nucleotide triphosphates necessary for viral DNA replication (Flemington in J Virol 75:4475-4481, 2001; Sullivan and Pipas in Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66:179-202, 2002). Viruses have developed several strategies to subvert the cell cycle by association with cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and molecules that regulate their activity. Viruses tend to act on cellular proteins involved in a network of interactions in a way that minimal protein-protein interactions lead to a major effect. The complex and interactive nature of intracellular signaling pathways controlling cell division affords many opportunities for virus manipulation strategies. Taking the maxim "Set a thief to catch a thief" as a counter strategy, however, provides us with the very same virus evasion strategies as "ready-made tools" for the development of novel antivirus therapeutics. The most obvious are attenuated virus vaccines with critical evasion genes deleted. Similarly, vaccines against viruses causing cancer are now being successfully developed. Finally, as viruses have been playing chess with our cell biology and immune responses for millions of years, the study of their evasion strategies will also undoubtedly reveal new control mechanisms and their corresponding cellular intracellular signaling pathways.


Former NBA All-Star Stephon Marbury is continuing his professional basketball career -- in a different fashion -- by becoming the head coach of the Beijing Royal Fighters of the Chinese Basketball Association, where he retired from playing last year.

Monday's announcement came after weeks of speculation among Chinese basketball insiders that the 42-year-old New Yorker was set to take a head coach position with Beijing.

"Thank you for the opportunity. I will give everything I have on the sidelines just like I gave everything inside the Lines," Marbury wrote on his Weibo social media account. "The end is another start, I am back, are you with me?"

The team first announced the hiring in a statement hours earlier. Marbury signed a three-year deal with Beijing, according to Chinese media reports.

After 13 seasons in the NBA, Marbury moved to China in early 2010 and joined the CBA, winning three championships there, and has since become one of the best foreign imports the league has seen.

Since retirement from playing, Marbury has been devoted to his business ventures and to youth basketball training in China.


Many Farms

Explore many farms, an American Indian community 15 miles north of Chinle in the Navajo Nation.

Right Now

Many Farms emerged as a community in 1937 when a reservoir dam for irrigation was constructed. This town was started as a farming community in the 1930s, Many Farms was also an early home to Diné College before it found its permanent location in Tsaile. For more fun head to Chinle.

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Category Archives: World Schooling

As we approach our eighth year anniversary of living in Germany, I can’t help but think of all the traveling we’ve been able to do. Because we thought we would only be here three years (ha) we did as much traveling as possible at first. Once we hit the majority of destinations on our ‘list,’ we could relax a little, and enjoy exploring new places within driving distance.

Keep in mind–a road trip that begins in central Germany can end in half a dozen different countries. Of course, the autobahn helps speed things along, but still–Europe is the perfect place for family road trips.

Occasionally I would find a great deal on airfare, and so we could jet off together as a family. But usually, we drove or took the train (which was preferred). Regardless of how we arrived, exploring Europe has been eye-opening for the entire family. It’s helped shaped our view of the world and has allowed us to fully realize just how small this planet is.

We’ve had our share of trials–motion sickness; spilled drinks; having EVERY restaurant & grocery store CLOSED when we were desperately hungry; getting lost or rather, re-directed; unusual pit-stops; freezing in winter; sweltering in summer; and lodging that ranged from Thrift Shop Chic to Business Class Posh. Yet, we never once lost a wallet or a child, and even the worst times were something we could laugh about later (sometimes, much later).

So, in honor of 8 years of Germany…here are some of my favorite snapshots from our travels.

“I am glad when our kids play together,” said a friend as she sipped her coffee, “because your kids are so sheltered.”

Sheltered?

The word immediately brought to mind girls wearing pinafores over their high-necked dresses, with intricately braided hair under puffy white caps; and boys with button down shirts, straw hats, and dress pants that never have the chance to be ripped on playground equipment.

My kids have been taunted in at least three different languages, how can they be sheltered?

I suppose it all depends on your definition. If sheltered means ignorant of real-world issues, then I beg to differ.

In our house, we discuss everything; and believe me, coming from the secluded arctic to Europe has led to some eye-opening conversations.

Here are a few examples:

Sex:

First of all, my kids have known how reproduction works ever since our cavy decided to piggy-back the other, resulting in two furry little offspring. My children learned about sex without the help of gyrating Mtv Pop Tarts or graphic internet pop-ups. With this groundwork, I have been able to discuss subjects like pornography and prostitution, while remaining tolerably un-squeamish.

And Europe gives us many, many chances to talk about sex and the human body.

While ordering happy meals at McDonalds, I noticed a stack of newspapers for sale on the counter. Gracing the cover was a woman wearing nothing but a scowl for the paparazzi. My son glanced at it briefly and then stated in his manner-of-fact sort of way, “I don’t think they know about modesty here.”

On another occasion, while waiting at a stoplight, my youngest daughter chimed from her booster seat, “What is a Dolly Buster?” I looked over to see a poster of a well-endowed woman spilling out of her underwear—and she wasn’t selling children’s toys.

One morning, on our way from the central train station to our pediatric dentist, the kids and I inadvertently walked through the red light district in Frankfurt, which led to a fascinating discussion on government regulated prostitution.

Drugs:

I love Holland. The people are friendly, they love children, and they have the best cheese in the world. Plus, if you ever want to talk to your kids about drugs, this is the place to go.

But beware, if your youngest children are like ours, they will shriek “Eeewwww!” upon encountering funny smells and plug their noses as they scurry away. For us, it was a rather embarrassing way to begin a very public conversation on legalized marijuana.

We’ve stepped over crack pipes in underpasses. We’ve seen people in subway stations whose minds are so far gone because of drugs, they’re not even aware of the people around them. And each time we encounter something like this, it gives us the chance to talk about the devastating effects of drug abuse, and how each country handles addicts differently.

Rock-n-Roll & Cursing:

You may think I’m going to say that my kids have learned how to cuss in German, but that’s not the case. My kids have learned curse words in English since moving to Germany.

Instead of innocuous synthesizer music blaring in supermarkets, hair salons, or department stores, German Rock music often contains English phrases that have you leaping across the aisle to cover your kids’ ears.

Curse words just don’t seem so offensive when in a different language. Even my sweet landlady utters epithets that could make a sailor blush.

Bullies:

Go to any playground or park in any country in the world and you will encounter bullies. A taunt is a taunt, no matter what the language. Yes, it’s hurtful, but our kids have learned when to make a stand and when to walk away.

Peer Pressure:

My children do not live in a bubble, and we are NOT Amish!

My kids actually leave the house, take classes, go shopping, and play on playgrounds where they interact with living, breathing homo sapiens.

One of my kids was nicknamed “Dracula” in a gymnastics class. Yes, I wanted to strangle the culprits, but instead, we worked through it (nonviolently).

Our kids have made friends with Americans and with Germans, and though they may have their feelings hurt from time to time, my kids aren’t swayed by what children outside the family think. The only peer pressure is from siblings, which can actually be a good thing.

World Religions:

Have you ever planted your pasty white family in a neighborhood where 8 out of 10 women wear long black robes and headscarves? Do you hear the church bells ring every 15 minutes in a town that has a brothel next to the mall? Have you ever had to wear a money belt next to your skin, while making your way into the world’s most magnificent House of God?

These experiences have given us great opportunities to discuss how people choose to worship God and the role and responsibilities of religion in society.

How do you define “sheltered?”

A friend of mine said that being sheltered means “protected from the storm.”

I like this idea.

While our family does not circumnavigate storms, we don’t toss our babies into the gales either.

Instead, we create an environment where the kids can grow until they are strong enough to withstand any tempest of life.

We do this by stressing the importance of honesty, integrity, and willingness to see through the eyes of people who may be radically different from us.

I love that my children can look at any situation, from prostitution to drug use, and view it in a logical, yet compassionate manner.

My children do not live in a bubble, nor do they live in some kind of backwoods compound with other little automatons.

We walk through this gritty, beautiful world like any other family, and we have seen some incredible things.

To us, “sheltered” does not mean to cloister; it means to foster soundness of mind and character, so the children can look at varying points of view, foreign cultures and alternative lifestyles with a sense of love for people, rather than mindless rejection.

I want them to think, and live, and breathe on their own.

Our children may not know exactly where the currents of life will sweep them, but I have confidence they can voyage to any corner of this world, without being swallowed up by the waves.


High-accuracy measurements of OH(•) reaction rate constants and IR and UV absorption spectra: ethanol and partially fluorinated ethyl alcohols.
Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH(•) radicals with ethanol and three fluorinated ethyl alcohols, CH(3)CH(2)OH (k(0)), CH(2)FCH(2)OH (k(1)), CHF(2)CH(2)OH (k(2)), and CF(3)CH(2)OH (k(3)) were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220 to 370 K. The Arrhenius plots were found to exhibit noticeable curvature for all four reactions. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions over the indicated temperature intervals: k(0)(220-370 K) = 5.98 × 10(-13)(T/298)(1.99) exp(+515/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(0)(220-298 K) = (3.35 ± 0.06) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) [for atmospheric modeling purposes, k(0)(T) is essentially temperature-independent below room temperature, k(0)(220-298 K) = (3.35 ± 0.06) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)], k(1)(230-370 K) = 3.47 × 10(-14)(T/298)(4.49) exp(+977/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(2)(220-370 K) = 3.87 × 10(-14)(T/298)(4.25) exp(+578/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(3)(220-370 K) = 2.48 × 10(-14)(T/298)(4.03) exp(+418/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH(•) were estimated to be 4, 16, 62, and 171 days, respectively, under the assumption of a well-mixed atmosphere. UV absorption cross sections of all four ethanols were measured between 160 and 215 nm. The IR absorption cross sections of the three fluorinated ethanols were measured between 400 and 1900 cm(-1), and their global warming potentials were estimated.


Q:

How to use NLTK to generate sentences from an induced grammar?

I have a (large) list of parsed sentences (which were parsed using the Stanford parser), for example, the sentence "Now you can be entertained" has the following tree:
(ROOT
  (S
    (ADVP (RB Now))
    (, ,)
    (NP (PRP you))
    (VP (MD can)
      (VP (VB be)
        (VP (VBN entertained))))
    (. .)))

I am using the set of sentence trees to induce a grammar using nltk:
import nltk

# ... for each sentence tree t, add its production to allProductions
allProductions += t.productions()

# Induce the grammar
S = nltk.Nonterminal('S')
grammar = nltk.induce_pcfg(S, allProductions)

Now I would like to use grammar to generate new, random sentences. My hope is that since the grammar was learned from a specific set of input examples, then the generated sentences will be semantically similar. Can I do this in nltk?
If I can't use nltk to do this, do any other tools exist that can take the (possibly reformatted) grammar and generate sentences?

A:

In NLTK 2.0 you can use nltk.parse.generate to generate all possible sentences for a given grammar.
This code defines a function which should generate a single sentence based on the production rules in a (P)CFG.
# This example uses choice to choose from possible expansions
from random import choice
# This function is based on _generate_all() in nltk.parse.generate
# It therefore assumes the same import environment otherwise.
def generate_sample(grammar, items=["S"]):
    frags = []
    if len(items) == 1:
        if isinstance(items[0], Nonterminal):
            for prod in grammar.productions(lhs=items[0]):
                frags.append(generate_sample(grammar, prod.rhs()))
        else:
            frags.append(items[0])
    else:
        # This is where we need to make our changes
        chosen_expansion = choice(items)
        frags.append(generate_sample,chosen_expansion)
    return frags

To make use of the weights in your PCFG, you'll obviously want to use a better sampling method than choice(), which implicitly assumes all expansions of the current node are equiprobable.

A:

First of all, if you generate random sentences, they may be semantically correct, but they will probably lose their sense.
(It sounds to me a bit like those MIT students did with their SCIgen program which is auto-generating scientific paper. Very interesting btw.)
Anyway, I never did it myself, but it seems possible with nltk.bigrams, you may way to have a look there under Generating Random Text with Bigrams.
You can also generate all subtrees of a current tree, I'm not sure if it is what you want either.


Welcome!

I am an EMDRIA-Approved Consultant and Credit Provider offering consultation and training for psychotherapists trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). After 20 years of working with clients with histories of trauma, neglect, and abuse, and with attachment issues, I have retired from client work. It has been an honour to accompany these clients on their healing journeys.

EMDR has been central to my work since 1998 because of its incredible effectiveness in moving disturbing memories into the past. Developing a Secure Self, the attachment-based approach I have created with Imaginal Nurturing, directly addresses early deficits that can lead to low self-esteem, depression and anxiety, problems in relationships, and a myriad of other problems.

You will find information on this site about these approaches, my training and consultation, as well as my book and Imaginal Nurturing CDs.

Here are some comments from therapists who have taken this training program:

~ “I have used this [approach] successfully in the forensic setting as well, including a death row unit with very good success. In fact much better results than I would ever expect. Further trauma processing goes much more smoothly when past traumas related to attachment are repaired, and one cannot imagine the traumas incurred by some of the folks on a death row unit. Pretty bad stuff.” ~ Brad Croyle, MA LPC

~ “I encourage every therapist to take this course. Thank you, April. You have taught me many invaluable skills and knowledge which can only greatly benefit my clients…. Thank you for your grace and genius.”

~ “Thank you for the wonderful training. I’ve been using I-N for the past week and a half, and have had incredible results. My clients are reporting feeling profoundly touched and changed by the experience. In a couple of cases, some things have happened that can only be described as miraculous. Thanks for putting this training together so that those of us who live far from you can bring the help and relief to our clients.”

I think distance training makes a lot of sense. It gives you much more flexibility since you can fit it into your schedule as you see fit, and it is more economical too. You can also review the material whenever you like.

Consultation for therapists

One of the wonderful things about how “small” the world has become is that you are not restricted by geography in choosing a consultant. If you are wanting to become more adept with EMDR, and/or deepen your ability to work with ego states and attachment, please do check out my page on consultation. One consultee writes:

“As I learn more from you, I realize how I was doing EMDR without really knowing what I was after. It’s been a wonderful learning process.”.

Developing a Secure Self Book

Imaginal Nurturing CDs

I received lovely notes from a couple of women who have used these CDs:

“I just wanted to let you know how much I love your guided imagery CDs. I’ve been going for EMDR therapy for several months and it’s been an incredibly healing experience. But while I have been able to heal my childhood traumas, I was left with a very young part of myself who felt extremely lonely and needy. Nothing I have ever done on my own or in therapy was able to touch that part of me. But while listening to your CDs, especially ‘I’m So Glad You’re Here!’ (Feeding the Infant), I found imagining myself as the infant really helped. After doing that several times I realized those feelings of loneliness and neediness were gone!

So thank you so much. You have changed my life.”

“… I really enjoyed your recording today. It’s helped me access a part of myself I have had a lot of difficulty accessing despite repeated ego states therapy.”

I originally created these CDs to meet the requests of clients who wanted more Imaginal Nurturing experiences between sessions. They are not essential to the Developing a Secure Self/ Imaginal Nurturing approach, but have been appreciated by many whether or not they are working with a therapist.

Thich Nhat Hanh and Imaginal Nurturing

I often suggested my clients check out exiled Vietnamese monk, Thich Nhat Hanh, who has devoted his life to world peace (he was nominated by Martin Luther King for the Nobel Peace prize of 1967) and to making Buddhist practices such as mindfulness accessible and relevant to people throughout the world in the 20th and 21st centuries. Because he is such a beautiful embodiment of calm, he has much to offer our society in which anxiety has become a serious widespread problem. (Mindfulness has become increasingly acknowledged as significant in treating anxiety problems.)

Thich Nhat Hanh has published many books all of which are very down to earth – Peace is Every Breath is one of my favourites. If you are looking for his work at a library, look under Nhat Hanh rather than Hanh. I have long admired his psychological insight but was surprised in his book Reconciliation to read material that is totally in keeping with Imaginal Nurturing:

The five-year-old child within needs a lot of compassion and attention. It would be nice if every day we would find a few minutes to sit down and practice this meditation [Breathing in , I see myself as a five-year-old child. Breathing out, I smile with compassion to the five-year-old child in me]. It would be very healing and very comforting, because the five-year-old child in us is still alive and needs to be taken care of. With acknowledgement and communication, we can see that child responding to us and she or he begins feeling better. If she feels better, we feel better also and we start to feel great freedom. [p. 66]


A firebreathing performer at a wedding in north India suffered terrible injuries after a terrifying blowback accident on January 25.Video of the shocking incident, which took place in Narwana, Haryana state, shows the man taking swigs from a bottle of kerosene and spitting it out onto a lighter, sending out several jets of flame.He successfully performs the stunt twice but suffers a blowback on the third try and sets his mouth on fire.People can be seen rushing to help put out the flames but to little effect as the man runs around with his mouth quite literally on fire.Eventually the fire was extinguished and he was taken by some of the wedding guests to hospital, where he was treated and is recuperating with several burns injuries.


Tag Archives: council president

A delegation from the Arizona Technology Council came to Washington this week hoping to persuade Congress to stop automatic spending cuts that would hurt state defense contractors and could lead to layoffs.


[Management of placenta previa and accreta].
Produce recommendations for the management of placenta previa and placenta accrete. A literature search was conducted using Medline and the Cochrane Library over a period from 1950 to 31/12/2013. Recommendations of the latest scientific societies have also been consulted. In cases of placenta previa, if bleeding episode before 34weeks gestation occurs, a short hospitalization and tocolysis may help stop bleeding (grade C). Vaginal delivery is preferable when the distance between the internal cervical os and the placental edge is greater than 20mm. When this distance is less than 20mm, vaginal delivery is possible (professional consensus). Caesarean section is recommended in cases of placenta overlapping the internal os (professional consensus). Antenatal screening placenta accreta could improve care (EL3). Upon discovery of a placenta accreta during childbirth, it is better to avoid a forced removal of the placenta (grade C). Conservative treatment or cesarean hysterectomy are possible (grade C). The management of placental abnormalities should be planned and managed with a multidisciplinary team (professional consensus). The use of blood-saving techniques such as "cell saver" is possible in situations where early intraoperative bleeding would be>1500mL (grade C). There are no studies that have sufficient methodological value to recommend an anesthetic technique [general anaesthesia (GA) or neuraxial anaesthesia] over another in the context of placental abnormalities (grade B). When a major bleeding risk is identified, GA can be chosen in order to avoid emergency conversions in difficult conditions (professional consensus). Placental insertion abnormalities require anesthetic and obstetric coordination. Delivery must be planned in a suitable structure.


1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an optical scanning type image pickup apparatus wherein main and sub scannings of a light beam are effected over a scanning surface by reciprocally traversing both the scanning surface and an optical means for irradiating the light beam over the scanning surface relative to each other, and where a light beam reflected from the region of the scanning surface on exposure to a beam of light is detected by a photodetector.
Further, this invention relates to an optical scanning type microscope and, particularly to, a scanning type microscope wherein an optical means for irradiating a light beam to a sample is supported on a tuning fork, and the tuning fork is rendered to vibrate such that the sample may be scanned with the light beam.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Optical type scanning microscopes have heretofore been used. With the scanning microscope a light beam is converged to a small spot on a sample, and the sample is two-dimensionally scanned with the light spot. The light beam which has passed through the sample during the scanning, the light which has been reflected from the sample during the scanning, or a fluorescence which is produced by the sample during the scanning, is detected by a photodetector. An enlarged image of the sample is thereby obtained in the form of an electrical signal. An example of the scanning microscope is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62(1987)-217218.
In the conventional optical type scanning microscope, a mechanism which two-dimensionally deflects a light beam by a light deflector has primarily been employed as the scanning mechanism.
However, the scanning mechanism described above has the drawback in that an expensive light deflector, such as a galvanometry mirror or an acousto-optic light deflector (AOD), is necessary. Also, the foregoing mechanism, wherein the light beam is deflected by the light deflector, induces momentarily a change of the incident angle of a deflected light beam upon an objective lens of the light projecting optical means, resulting in an aberration. Therefore, the scanning mechanism has also been deemed as disadvantageous in that the elimination of such an aberration restricts designing of the objective lens. Particularly, in the case where the ACD is utilized, astigmatism occurs in the light beam irradiated out of the AOD as well as from the objective lens. In such a case, a special correction lens is required, which renders the optical means more complicated.
In order to overcome the drawbacks in the prior art being set forth in the above, there has been proposed a scanning mechanism in which a sample is scanned with the light spot of the light beam without deflecting the beam of light. For instance, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1(1990)-248946 filed by the same inventor of this application and assigned to the same assignor describes that the light projecting optical means is shifted relative to a sample supporting member to effect scanning of the light spot of the light beam.
As one specific exemplification of such a scanning mechanism wherein the optical means is traversed with respect to the sample supporting member, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2(1991)-198550 filed by the same inventor of this application, there has been proposed a scanning mechanism comprised of a tuning fork at one end thereof supporting the optical means, and an electromagnet for applying a driving force, the strength of which varies periodically, to the tuning fork to cause resonation of the tuning fork. According to another specific exemplification, as disclosed also in the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2(1991)-198550, a scanning mechanism is proposed wherein a piezoelectric element is mounted on the above-mentioned tuning fork, and the resonance of the tuning fork is carried out by providing a periodic stress to the element under the control of a voltage applied to the piezoelectric element.
This scanning mechanism is advantageous in securing a wider image pick-up area of the microscope because the relative width of tracing of the optical means, or the width of scanning of the light beam (determined by the amplitude of the tuning fork), can be set to a large value when compared with, for instance, scanning mechanisms using piezoelectric elements, ultrasonic vibrators and the like.
However, small amounts of displacements of the image pickup area in a direction of scanning, which is generated by the vibration of the tuning fork, may arise because of the use of a light beam scanning mechanism composed of a combination of a tuning fork and an excitation means for effecting the resonance of the tuning fork. In such cases, the size of an output image will be dependent upon the way a signal output from the foregoing photodetector is processed, or the way a magnifying power may differ even under a constant image size.
In the meantime, in many of the conventional scanning type microscopes, digital image data per each main scanning line is produced by feeding a series of outputs from the photodetector, for detecting a light beam reflected from the sample, and by quantizing and sampling this output signal.
With such a configuration, if the light beam scanning mechanism set forth in the above is employed, an image may be displaced entirely along a direction of main scanning of the light beam when the amplitude of the tuning fork has been changed for zooming when capturing an image with the microscope, for instance. Namely, the phase of a driving voltage to vary the amplitude of the tuning fork and the phase of the tuning fork are not always coincident with each other, and if the driving conditions of the electromagnet for changing the amplitude of the tuning fork, that is, a voltage, a duty ratio, and the like are changed, the phase of the tuning fork will also be varied. Accordingly, in the case where a sampling initiation timing of image data, one every main scanning line, is defined on the basis of the phase of the driving voltage of the electromagnet, as has been practiced in the prior art, the sampling initiation timing is changed in response to the driving conditions, and consequently the captured image will be displaced along the direction of main scanning.
Although the above description has been given of the case where the light beam scanning mechanism is constituted of the tuning fork and the electromagnet in combinations, similar problems can arise when beam of light scanning mechanisms other than the above are employed, if the phase of a signal to drive the scanning mechanism and the phase of a sample to be traversed will be out of phase with each other.
In addition to the drawbacks in the existing scanning type microscope having been set forth in the above, there have been generally known various types of optical scanning type image pickup apparatus wherein main and sub scannings of a light beam are effected across a scanning surface by reciprocally traversing both the scanning surface and an optical means for irradiating the light beam to the scanning surface relative to each other, and where a light beam reflected from the target scanning surface is detected by a photodetector. In the same manner as the scanning type microscope, the optical scanning type image pickup scanning may suffer from drawbacks such as the fluctuation of the image pickup area and the displacement of the captured image along the direction of main scanning.


Chorley (UK Parliament constituency)

Chorley is a constituency in Lancashire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Lindsay Hoyle. Hoyle was originally elected for the Labour Party, but in 2019 became the Speaker, making him unaffiliated.

Boundaries
1885–1918: The Sessional Division of Leyland Hundred, and part of the Sessional Division of Leyland.

1918–1950: The Municipal Borough of Chorley, the Urban Districts of Adlington, Croston, Leyland, and Withnell, the Rural District of Chorley, and in the Rural District of Wigan the civil parishes of Haigh, Parbold, Worthington, and Wrightington.

1950–1983: The Municipal Borough of Chorley, the Urban Districts of Adlington and Leyland, and the Rural District of Chorley.

1983–1997: The Borough of Chorley, and the District of West Lancashire wards of Parbold and Wrightington.

1997–2010: The Borough of Chorley.

2010–present: The Borough of Chorley wards of Adlington and Anderton, Astley and Buckshaw, Brindle and Hoghton, Chisnall, Chorley East, Chorley North East, Chorley North West, Chorley South East, Chorley South West, Clayton-le-Woods and Whittle-le-Woods, Clayton-le-Woods North, Clayton-le-Woods West and Cuerden, Coppull, Euxton North, Euxton South, Heath Charnock and Rivington, Pennine, and Wheelton and Withnell.

Chorley constituency consists of the majority of the borough of Chorley. As well as the central market town of Chorley itself, the seat extends into southern Lancashire rural hinterland with three major villages and minor villages.

Chorley's expansion is assured with the building of Buckshaw Village, an urban development sprawling over the former Royal Ordnance Site east of Leyland in the seat.

Following their review of parliamentary representation in Lancashire leading up to the 2010 United Kingdom general election the Boundary Commission for England created a new seat of Wyre and Preston North in the central part of the county, which caused "knock-on" effects elsewhere. Chorley constituency was one of the largest in electorate at the start of the review, which was a factor in the alterations to both its own composition and the changes to surrounding constituencies. These changes took away from the seat all the areas to the west of the M6 motorway, namely Croston, Eccleston, Bretherton and Mawdesley. These move to South Ribble.

History
Since the 1945 general election Chorley has proved to be a bellwether, changing hands between Labour and the Conservatives; however, this pattern was broken in 2010 when Labour MP Lindsay Hoyle retained the seat against the national trend. Chorley itself is Labour's strongest seat in the area, with the rural hinterland and smaller towns and villages more inclined to vote Conservative.

Members of Parliament
Lindsay Hoyle has been MP for Chorley since 1997 as a member of the Labour Party. In November 2019 Hoyle was elected as Speaker of the House of Commons following the resignation of John Bercow; Sir Lindsay had been Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons under Bercow since 2010.

There is an inconsistently followed convention, which is mostly kept by the major parties, not to oppose the Speaker at elections. In keeping with this, the previously announced Liberal Democrat candidate, Paul Valentine, subsequently withdrew from the general election once Sir Lindsay was appointed Speaker. However the Green Party candidate, James Melling, confirmed that he will stand against the incumbent Speaker.

Elections

Elections in the 2010s
The Liberal Democrats, the Conservatives, and Labour traditionally do not stand against the sitting Speaker of the House of Commons, and consequently did not oppose Lindsay Hoyle's re-election bid. The Brexit Party did not stand an official candidate, despite the predecessor party UKIP standing against John Bercow in Buckingham in his three elections as Speaker. However, their former candidate stood as an independent, having changed his name to Mark Brexit-Smith. The Green Party do not follow the convention of standing aside for the Speaker, and also fielded a candidate in the election.

In 2019 the Conservatives made major gains in Northern England, particularly in constituencies which in 2017 had returned Labour MP's with majorities similar to Hoyle's. This has led to speculation that Hoyle would have been at serious risk of being defeated if he had not been seeking re-election as Speaker, as Hoyle himself pointed out when he returned to the Chair as Speaker when Parliament reconvened five days after the election - “It made election pretty easier, I’ve got to say!”. This is made even more likely when one sees that Chorley had a Conservative MP in Den Dover for many years before 1997 - a lot of these seats had never been Conservative before.

Elections in the 2000s

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1970s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1950s

Elections in the 1940s

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1920s

Elections in the 1910s

General Election 1914/15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
Unionist: Henry Hibbert
Liberal: John Peter Todd Jackson

Elections in the 1900s

Elections in the 1890s

Elections in the 1880s

See also
List of Parliamentary constituencies in Lancashire

Notes and references
Notes

References

Sources
UK General Elections since 1832 (Keele University)

External links
nomis Constituency Profile for Chorley — presenting data from the ONS annual population survey and other official statistics.

Category:Parliamentary constituencies in North West England
Category:United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1885
Category:Politics of Chorley


Structural Modeling of γ-Secretase Aβ n Complex Formation and Substrate Processing.
The intramembrane aspartyl protease γ-secretase (GSEC) cleaves single-span transmembrane helices including the C-terminal fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). This substrate is initially cleaved at the ϵ-site followed by successive processing (trimming) events mostly in steps of three amino acids. GSEC is responsible for the formation of N-terminal APP amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides of different length (e.g., Aβ42) that can form aggregates involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. The molecular mechanism of GSEC-APP substrate recognition is key for understanding how different peptide products are formed and could help in designing APP-selective modulators. Based on the known structure of apo GSEC and the APP-C99 fragment we have generated putative structural models of the initial binding in three different possible modes using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The binding mode with the substrate helix located in a cleft between the transmembrane helices 2 and 3 of the presenilin subunit was identified as a most likely binding mode. Based on this arrangement, the processing steps were investigated using restraint MD simulations to pull the scissile bond (for each processing step) into a transition like (cleavable) state. This allowed us to analyze in detail the motions and energetic contributions of participating residues. The structural model agrees qualitatively well with the influence of many mutations in GSEC and C99. It also explains the effects of inhibitors, cross-linking, as well as spectroscopic data on GSEC substrate binding and can serve as working model for the future planning of structural and biochemical studies.