/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * Module Name: dbutils - AML debugger utilities
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * 1. Copyright Notice
 *
 * Some or all of this work - Copyright (c) 1999 - 2018, Intel Corp.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * 2. License
 *
 * 2.1. This is your license from Intel Corp. under its intellectual property
 * rights. You may have additional license terms from the party that provided
 * you this software, covering your right to use that party's intellectual
 * property rights.
 *
 * 2.2. Intel grants, free of charge, to any person ("Licensee") obtaining a
 * copy of the source code appearing in this file ("Covered Code") an
 * irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license under Intel's copyrights in the
 * base code distributed originally by Intel ("Original Intel Code") to copy,
 * make derivatives, distribute, use and display any portion of the Covered
 * Code in any form, with the right to sublicense such rights; and
 *
 * 2.3. Intel grants Licensee a non-exclusive and non-transferable patent
 * license (with the right to sublicense), under only those claims of Intel
 * patents that are infringed by the Original Intel Code, to make, use, sell,
 * offer to sell, and import the Covered Code and derivative works thereof
 * solely to the minimum extent necessary to exercise the above copyright
 * license, and in no event shall the patent license extend to any additions
 * to or modifications of the Original Intel Code. No other license or right
 * is granted directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise;
 *
 * The above copyright and patent license is granted only if the following
 * conditions are met:
 *
 * 3. Conditions
 *
 * 3.1. Redistribution of Source with Rights to Further Distribute Source.
 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
 * Code or modification with rights to further distribute source must include
 * the above Copyright Notice, the above License, this list of Conditions,
 * and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision. In addition,
 * Licensee must cause all Covered Code to which Licensee contributes to
 * contain a file documenting the changes Licensee made to create that Covered
 * Code and the date of any change. Licensee must include in that file the
 * documentation of any changes made by any predecessor Licensee. Licensee
 * must include a prominent statement that the modification is derived,
 * directly or indirectly, from Original Intel Code.
 *
 * 3.2. Redistribution of Source with no Rights to Further Distribute Source.
 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
 * Code or modification without rights to further distribute source must
 * include the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with distribution. In
 * addition, Licensee may not authorize further sublicense of source of any
 * portion of the Covered Code, and must include terms to the effect that the
 * license from Licensee to its licensee is limited to the intellectual
 * property embodied in the software Licensee provides to its licensee, and
 * not to intellectual property embodied in modifications its licensee may
 * make.
 *
 * 3.3. Redistribution of Executable. Redistribution in executable form of any
 * substantial portion of the Covered Code or modification must reproduce the
 * above Copyright Notice, and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance
 * provision in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *
 * 3.4. Intel retains all right, title, and interest in and to the Original
 * Intel Code.
 *
 * 3.5. Neither the name Intel nor any other trademark owned or controlled by
 * Intel shall be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
 * other dealings in products derived from or relating to the Covered Code
 * without prior written authorization from Intel.
 *
 * 4. Disclaimer and Export Compliance
 *
 * 4.1. INTEL MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND REGARDING ANY SOFTWARE PROVIDED
 * HERE. ANY SOFTWARE ORIGINATING FROM INTEL OR DERIVED FROM INTEL SOFTWARE
 * IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY SUPPORT, ASSISTANCE,
 * INSTALLATION, TRAINING OR OTHER SERVICES. INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY
 * UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS OR EXTENSIONS. INTEL SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * 4.2. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO LICENSEE, ITS LICENSEES
 * OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST DATA, LOSS OF USE OR
 * COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, OR FOR ANY INDIRECT,
 * SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER ANY
 * CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER INTEL
 * HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS
 * SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY
 * LIMITED REMEDY.
 *
 * 4.3. Licensee shall not export, either directly or indirectly, any of this
 * software or system incorporating such software without first obtaining any
 * required license or other approval from the U. S. Department of Commerce or
 * any other agency or department of the United States Government. In the
 * event Licensee exports any such software from the United States or
 * re-exports any such software from a foreign destination, Licensee shall
 * ensure that the distribution and export/re-export of the software is in
 * compliance with all laws, regulations, orders, or other restrictions of the
 * U.S. Export Administration Regulations. Licensee agrees that neither it nor
 * any of its subsidiaries will export/re-export any technical data, process,
 * software, or service, directly or indirectly, to any country for which the
 * United States government or any agency thereof requires an export license,
 * other governmental approval, or letter of assurance, without first obtaining
 * such license, approval or letter.
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
 * following license:
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
 *    without modification.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
 *    substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
 *    ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
 *    including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
 *    binary redistribution.
 * 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names
 *    of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
 * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation.
 *
 *****************************************************************************/

#include "acpi.h"
#include "accommon.h"
#include "acnamesp.h"
#include "acdebug.h"

#define _COMPONENT          ACPI_CA_DEBUGGER
        ACPI_MODULE_NAME    ("dbutils")

/* Local prototypes */

#ifdef ACPI_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
ACPI_STATUS
AcpiDbSecondPassParse (
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *Root);

void
AcpiDbDumpBuffer (
    UINT32                  Address);
#endif

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbMatchArgument
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  UserArgument            - User command line
 *              Arguments               - Array of commands to match against
 *
 * RETURN:      Index into command array or ACPI_TYPE_NOT_FOUND if not found
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Search command array for a command match
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE
AcpiDbMatchArgument (
    char                    *UserArgument,
    ACPI_DB_ARGUMENT_INFO   *Arguments)
{
    UINT32                  i;

    if (!UserArgument || UserArgument[0] == 0)
    {
        return (ACPI_TYPE_NOT_FOUND);
    }

    for (i = 0; Arguments[i].Name; i++)
    {
        if (strstr (
            ACPI_CAST_PTR (char, Arguments[i].Name),
            ACPI_CAST_PTR (char, UserArgument)) == Arguments[i].Name)
        {
            return (i);
        }
    }

    /* Argument not recognized */

    return (ACPI_TYPE_NOT_FOUND);
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbSetOutputDestination
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  OutputFlags         - Current flags word
 *
 * RETURN:      None
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Set the current destination for debugger output. Also sets
 *              the debug output level accordingly.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void
AcpiDbSetOutputDestination (
    UINT32                  OutputFlags)
{

    AcpiGbl_DbOutputFlags = (UINT8) OutputFlags;

    if ((OutputFlags & ACPI_DB_REDIRECTABLE_OUTPUT) &&
        AcpiGbl_DbOutputToFile)
    {
        AcpiDbgLevel = AcpiGbl_DbDebugLevel;
    }
    else
    {
        AcpiDbgLevel = AcpiGbl_DbConsoleDebugLevel;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbDumpExternalObject
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  ObjDesc         - External ACPI object to dump
 *              Level           - Nesting level.
 *
 * RETURN:      None
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Dump the contents of an ACPI external object
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void
AcpiDbDumpExternalObject (
    ACPI_OBJECT             *ObjDesc,
    UINT32                  Level)
{
    UINT32                  i;

    if (!ObjDesc)
    {
        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Null Object]\n");
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < Level; i++)
    {
        AcpiOsPrintf ("  ");
    }

    switch (ObjDesc->Type)
    {
    case ACPI_TYPE_ANY:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Null Object] (Type=0)\n");
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Integer] = %8.8X%8.8X\n",
            ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (ObjDesc->Integer.Value));
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_STRING:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[String] Length %.2X = ", ObjDesc->String.Length);
        AcpiUtPrintString (ObjDesc->String.Pointer, ACPI_UINT8_MAX);
        AcpiOsPrintf ("\n");
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Buffer] Length %.2X = ", ObjDesc->Buffer.Length);
        if (ObjDesc->Buffer.Length)
        {
            if (ObjDesc->Buffer.Length > 16)
            {
                AcpiOsPrintf ("\n");
            }

            AcpiUtDebugDumpBuffer (
                ACPI_CAST_PTR (UINT8, ObjDesc->Buffer.Pointer),
                ObjDesc->Buffer.Length, DB_BYTE_DISPLAY, _COMPONENT);
        }
        else
        {
            AcpiOsPrintf ("\n");
        }
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Package] Contains %u Elements:\n",
            ObjDesc->Package.Count);

        for (i = 0; i < ObjDesc->Package.Count; i++)
        {
            AcpiDbDumpExternalObject (
                &ObjDesc->Package.Elements[i], Level+1);
        }
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_LOCAL_REFERENCE:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Object Reference] = ");
        AcpiDbDisplayInternalObject (ObjDesc->Reference.Handle, NULL);
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_PROCESSOR:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Processor]\n");
        break;

    case ACPI_TYPE_POWER:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Power Resource]\n");
        break;

    default:

        AcpiOsPrintf ("[Unknown Type] %X\n", ObjDesc->Type);
        break;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbPrepNamestring
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Name            - String to prepare
 *
 * RETURN:      None
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Translate all forward slashes and dots to backslashes.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void
AcpiDbPrepNamestring (
    char                    *Name)
{

    if (!Name)
    {
        return;
    }

    AcpiUtStrupr (Name);

    /* Convert a leading forward slash to a backslash */

    if (*Name == '/')
    {
        *Name = '\\';
    }

    /* Ignore a leading backslash, this is the root prefix */

    if (ACPI_IS_ROOT_PREFIX (*Name))
    {
        Name++;
    }

    /* Convert all slash path separators to dots */

    while (*Name)
    {
        if ((*Name == '/') ||
            (*Name == '\\'))
        {
            *Name = '.';
        }

        Name++;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbLocalNsLookup
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Name            - Name to lookup
 *
 * RETURN:      Pointer to a namespace node, null on failure
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Lookup a name in the ACPI namespace
 *
 * Note: Currently begins search from the root. Could be enhanced to use
 * the current prefix (scope) node as the search beginning point.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_NAMESPACE_NODE *
AcpiDbLocalNsLookup (
    char                    *Name)
{
    char                    *InternalPath;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;
    ACPI_NAMESPACE_NODE     *Node = NULL;

    AcpiDbPrepNamestring (Name);

    /* Build an internal namestring */

    Status = AcpiNsInternalizeName (Name, &InternalPath);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        AcpiOsPrintf ("Invalid namestring: %s\n", Name);
        return (NULL);
    }

    /*
     * Lookup the name.
     * (Uses root node as the search starting point)
     */
    Status = AcpiNsLookup (NULL, InternalPath, ACPI_TYPE_ANY,
        ACPI_IMODE_EXECUTE, ACPI_NS_NO_UPSEARCH | ACPI_NS_DONT_OPEN_SCOPE,
        NULL, &Node);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        AcpiOsPrintf ("Could not locate name: %s, %s\n",
            Name, AcpiFormatException (Status));
    }

    ACPI_FREE (InternalPath);
    return (Node);
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbUint32ToHexString
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Value           - The value to be converted to string
 *              Buffer          - Buffer for result (not less than 11 bytes)
 *
 * RETURN:      None
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Convert the unsigned 32-bit value to the hexadecimal image
 *
 * NOTE: It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the length of buffer
 *       is sufficient.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void
AcpiDbUint32ToHexString (
    UINT32                  Value,
    char                    *Buffer)
{
    int                     i;

    if (Value == 0)
    {
        strcpy (Buffer, "0");
        return;
    }

    Buffer[8] = '\0';

    for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        Buffer[i] = AcpiGbl_UpperHexDigits [Value & 0x0F];
        Value = Value >> 4;
    }
}

#ifdef ACPI_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbSecondPassParse
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Root            - Root of the parse tree
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Second pass parse of the ACPI tables. We need to wait until
 *              second pass to parse the control methods
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiDbSecondPassParse (
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *Root)
{
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *Op = Root;
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *Method;
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *SearchOp;
    ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT       *StartOp;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status = AE_OK;
    UINT32                  BaseAmlOffset;
    ACPI_WALK_STATE         *WalkState;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_ENTRY ();

    AcpiOsPrintf ("Pass two parse ....\n");

    while (Op)
    {
        if (Op->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_METHOD_OP)
        {
            Method = Op;

            /* Create a new walk state for the parse */

            WalkState = AcpiDsCreateWalkState (0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            if (!WalkState)
            {
                return (AE_NO_MEMORY);
            }

            /* Init the Walk State */

            WalkState->ParserState.Aml          =
            WalkState->ParserState.AmlStart     = Method->Named.Data;
            WalkState->ParserState.AmlEnd       =
            WalkState->ParserState.PkgEnd       = Method->Named.Data +
                                                  Method->Named.Length;
            WalkState->ParserState.StartScope   = Op;

            WalkState->DescendingCallback       = AcpiDsLoad1BeginOp;
            WalkState->AscendingCallback        = AcpiDsLoad1EndOp;

            /* Perform the AML parse */

            Status = AcpiPsParseAml (WalkState);

            BaseAmlOffset = (Method->Common.Value.Arg)->Common.AmlOffset + 1;
            StartOp = (Method->Common.Value.Arg)->Common.Next;
            SearchOp = StartOp;

            while (SearchOp)
            {
                SearchOp->Common.AmlOffset += BaseAmlOffset;
                SearchOp = AcpiPsGetDepthNext (StartOp, SearchOp);
            }
        }

        if (Op->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_REGION_OP)
        {
            /* TBD: [Investigate] this isn't quite the right thing to do! */
            /*
             *
             * Method = (ACPI_DEFERRED_OP *) Op;
             * Status = AcpiPsParseAml (Op, Method->Body, Method->BodyLength);
             */
        }

        if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
        {
            break;
        }

        Op = AcpiPsGetDepthNext (Root, Op);
    }

    return (Status);
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiDbDumpBuffer
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Address             - Pointer to the buffer
 *
 * RETURN:      None
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Print a portion of a buffer
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

void
AcpiDbDumpBuffer (
    UINT32                  Address)
{

    AcpiOsPrintf ("\nLocation %X:\n", Address);

    AcpiDbgLevel |= ACPI_LV_TABLES;
    AcpiUtDebugDumpBuffer (ACPI_TO_POINTER (Address), 64, DB_BYTE_DISPLAY,
        ACPI_UINT32_MAX);
}
#endif


1989 Kansas City Chiefs season

The  Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League, the 30th overall and the first under  head coach Marty Schottenheimer and general manager Carl Peterson.  They improved on their 4-11-1 record from 1988 and finished with an 8-7-1 record.
The Chiefs did not qualify for the playoffs in for the third straight year but did send four players to the Pro Bowl.

Background
The Chiefs had changed coaches before, but never had the organization gone through the complete overhaul it did between the 1988 and 1989 seasons. On December 19, 1988, Lamar Hunt hired Carl Peterson as the team's new president/general manager. Peterson wasted no time in making changes. On January 5 he fired head coach Frank Gansz two weeks after taking over. On January 24 he hired Marty Schottenheimer, who was fired by Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell. Schottenheimer also cleaned house and with Peterson's help by making several roster changes.

Season
The Chiefs started the season at Denver on September 10 but the Chiefs lost the opener, 34–20. The very next Sunday the Chiefs downed the Los Angeles Raiders 24–19, Schottenheimer's first win as Chiefs' head coach.

The Chiefs would start the season 1–4, but soon turned things around. On October 22, Christian Okoye carried the ball 33 times for 170 yards as the Chiefs defeated the Dallas Cowboys at Arrowhead Stadium, 36–28. During the Chiefs unexpected success, rookie linebacker Derrick Thomas made 10 sacks while Stephone Paige led the receivers with 44 receptions.

On November 26, Kansas City cruised past the Houston Oilers, 34–0 to start a 3-game winning streak to give themselves a chance to make the playoffs. Steve DeBerg passed for 2,529 yards in his second season with the team.

On December 17, using a bruising running game and a smothering defense, the San Diego Chargers marched into Arrowhead Stadium and crushed the Chiefs' playoffs dreams. They bulldozed their way to 219 yards rushing, 176 by Marion Butts, and won 20–13. The all but eliminated the Chiefs from any chance of making the playoffs.  Christian Okoye constantly found his path blocked, holes jammed. Chiefs' quarterback Steve DeBerg was ineffective because of the chilling 18-degree weather and completed just 14 of 33 passes.  The Chiefs had one final opportunity to tie the game, driving from their own 36 yard line to the San Diego 19. Deberg's next pass into the end zone was intercepted, ending the Chiefs' chances and the game. The loss Left the Chiefs Needing a win at Miami combined with a Pittsburgh Loss in final week to make the playoffs.

The next week, the Chiefs did bounce back and defeated the Miami Dolphins for the second time in the season, 27–24 and had their first winning record in the Schottenheimer-Peterson era. Pittsburgh however won their game and final AFC Playoff spot. Christian Okoye led the NFL in rushing with 1,480 yards. Okoye was named to the Pro Bowl along with defensive stars Derrick Thomas, Albert Lewis and Kevin Ross. This season proved to be a prelude of good things to come.

Offseason

NFL draft

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Schedule

Standings

References

Kansas City Chiefs
Category:Kansas City Chiefs seasons
Kansas


Q:

Printing an entire character array after looping through every point in a rectangular area

I'm using a double for-loop in order to check every point (coordinate pair) in a rectangular area from (-2.0, -1.12) to (0.47, 1.12) to see whether it belongs to the Mandelbrot set. If it does, I want to print a 1. Likewise, if it does not, I want to print a 0. The basic idea is to print, line by line, an array of characters that displays a simplified Mandelbrot set.
This is my main function:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "complex.h"
#include "mandelbrot.h"

#define STEP_X   0.06175
#define STEP_Y   0.07466

int main(void){

    int i = 0;
    char arr[50];
    complex_t c, abs, max;
    max.real = 10000;
    max.imag = 0;

    for (c.imag = -1.12; c.imag <= 1.12; c.imag += STEP_Y){
            for (c.real = -2.0; c.real <= 0.47; c.real += STEP_X){
                    abs = abs_complex(mandelbrot(c,15));
                    if (abs.real < max.real){
                            arr[i] = 1;
                            i++;
                    }
                    else{
                            arr[i] = 0;
                            i++;
                    }
            }
            printf("%s", arr);
            i = 0;
    }
}

The program compiles just fine, but does not produce an output. I know I must not be printing the array the right way, but for the life of me I can not figure out how to do it.
Any feedback, hints, or tips would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance!

A:

The problems you are having are two-fold. (1) you are copying decimal values to arr (e.g. 0 and 1) instead of ASCII characters ('0' and '1'). Decimal 0 and 1 are non-printable. Ironically decimal 0 is the nul-terminating character, so if if (abs.real >= max.real) for i == 0 arr holds the empty-string.
Second you call printf without having insured the final character is the nul-terminating character. (you can do this by default by initializing char arr[MAXC] = ""; and insuring your loop is limited to i + 1 < 50 && c.real <= 0.47 or you can simply affirmatively terminate arr with arr[i] = 0; before calling i = 0; (or move your declaration of i inside the first for loop and initialize).
This is untested (I don't have your local headers), but it looks like you intended:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "complex.h"
#include "mandelbrot.h"

#define MAXC     50
#define STEP_X   0.06175
#define STEP_Y   0.07466

int main(void){

    complex_t c, abs, max;
    max.real = 10000;
    max.imag = 0;

    for (c.imag = -1.12; c.imag <= 1.12; c.imag += STEP_Y) {

        int i = 0;             /* declare/initialize i & arr here */
        char arr[MAXC] = "";   /* set to all zero */

        for (c.real = -2.0;
            i + 1 < MAXC && c.real <= 0.47;  /* limit to 49 chars max */
            c.real += STEP_X) {

            abs = abs_complex (mandelbrot (c,15));

            if (abs.real < max.real)
                arr[i++] = '1';   /* assign character '1' */
            else
                arr[i++] = '0';   /* assign character '0' */
        }
        arr[i] = 0;               /* nul-terminate line */
        printf ("%s\n", arr);     /* output line */
    }
    return 0;
}

Give it a try and let me know if you have further questions.


//
//  AKAmplitudeEnvelope.swift
//  AudioKit
//
//  Created by Aurelius Prochazka, revision history on Github.
//  Copyright © 2018 AudioKit. All rights reserved.
//

/// Triggerable classic ADSR envelope
///
open class AKAmplitudeEnvelope: AKNode, AKToggleable, AKComponent, AKInput {
    public typealias AKAudioUnitType = AKAmplitudeEnvelopeAudioUnit
    /// Four letter unique description of the node
    public static let ComponentDescription = AudioComponentDescription(effect: "adsr")

    // MARK: - Properties
    private var internalAU: AKAudioUnitType?

    fileprivate var attackDurationParameter: AUParameter?
    fileprivate var decayDurationParameter: AUParameter?
    fileprivate var sustainLevelParameter: AUParameter?
    fileprivate var releaseDurationParameter: AUParameter?

    /// Lower and upper bounds for Attack Duration
    public static let attackDurationRange = 0.0 ... 99.0

    /// Lower and upper bounds for Decay Duration
    public static let decayDurationRange = 0.0 ... 99.0

    /// Lower and upper bounds for Sustain Level
    public static let sustainLevelRange = 0.0 ... 99.0

    /// Lower and upper bounds for Release Duration
    public static let releaseDurationRange = 0.0 ... 99.0

    /// Initial value for Attack Duration
    public static let defaultAttackDuration = 0.1

    /// Initial value for Decay Duration
    public static let defaultDecayDuration = 0.1

    /// Initial value for Sustain Level
    public static let defaultSustainLevel = 1.0

    /// Initial value for Release Duration
    public static let defaultReleaseDuration = 0.1

    /// Ramp Duration represents the speed at which parameters are allowed to change
    @objc open dynamic var rampDuration: Double = AKSettings.rampDuration {
        willSet {
            internalAU?.rampDuration = newValue
        }
    }

    /// Attack Duration in seconds
    @objc open dynamic var attackDuration: Double = defaultAttackDuration {
        willSet {
            guard attackDuration != newValue else { return }
            if internalAU?.isSetUp == true {
                attackDurationParameter?.value = AUValue(newValue)
                return
            }

            internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.attackDuration, value: newValue)
        }
    }

    /// Decay Duration in seconds
    @objc open dynamic var decayDuration: Double = defaultDecayDuration {
        willSet {
            guard decayDuration != newValue else { return }
            if internalAU?.isSetUp == true {
                decayDurationParameter?.value = AUValue(newValue)
                return
            }

            internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.decayDuration, value: newValue)
        }
    }

    /// Sustain Level
    @objc open dynamic var sustainLevel: Double = defaultSustainLevel {
        willSet {
            guard sustainLevel != newValue else { return }
            if internalAU?.isSetUp == true {
                sustainLevelParameter?.value = AUValue(newValue)
                return
            }

            internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.sustainLevel, value: newValue)
        }
    }

    /// Release Duration in seconds
    @objc open dynamic var releaseDuration: Double = defaultReleaseDuration {
        willSet {
            guard releaseDuration != newValue else { return }
            if internalAU?.isSetUp == true {
                releaseDurationParameter?.value = AUValue(newValue)
                return
            }

            internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.releaseDuration, value: newValue)
        }
    }

    /// Tells whether the node is processing (ie. started, playing, or active)
    @objc open dynamic var isStarted: Bool {
        return internalAU?.isPlaying ?? false
    }

    // MARK: - Initialization

    /// Initialize this envelope node
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - input: Input node to process
    ///   - attackDuration: Attack Duration in seconds
    ///   - decayDuration: Decay Duration in seconds
    ///   - sustainLevel: Sustain Level
    ///   - releaseDuration: Release Duration in seconds
    ///
    @objc public init(
        _ input: AKNode? = nil,
        attackDuration: Double = defaultAttackDuration,
        decayDuration: Double = defaultDecayDuration,
        sustainLevel: Double = defaultSustainLevel,
        releaseDuration: Double = defaultReleaseDuration
        ) {

        self.attackDuration = attackDuration
        self.decayDuration = decayDuration
        self.sustainLevel = sustainLevel
        self.releaseDuration = releaseDuration

        _Self.register()
        super.init()

        AVAudioUnit._instantiate(with: _Self.ComponentDescription) { [weak self] avAudioUnit in
            guard let strongSelf = self else {
                AKLog("Error: self is nil")
                return
            }
            strongSelf.avAudioUnit = avAudioUnit
            strongSelf.avAudioNode = avAudioUnit
            strongSelf.internalAU = avAudioUnit.auAudioUnit as? AKAudioUnitType
            input?.connect(to: strongSelf)
        }

        guard let tree = internalAU?.parameterTree else {
            AKLog("Parameter Tree Failed")
            return
        }

        attackDurationParameter = tree["attackDuration"]
        decayDurationParameter = tree["decayDuration"]
        sustainLevelParameter = tree["sustainLevel"]
        releaseDurationParameter = tree["releaseDuration"]

        internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.attackDuration, value: attackDuration)
        internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.decayDuration, value: decayDuration)
        internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.sustainLevel, value: sustainLevel)
        internalAU?.setParameterImmediately(.releaseDuration, value: releaseDuration)
    }

    // MARK: - Control

    /// Function to start, play, or activate the node, all do the same thing
    @objc open func start() {
        internalAU?.start()
    }

    /// Function to stop or bypass the node, both are equivalent
    @objc open func stop() {
        internalAU?.stop()
    }
}


Aquaporin-4 Mediates the Suppressive Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a key molecule for water homeostasis in the brain, is associated with adult neurogenesis, but its mechanisms regulating adult neural stem cells (aNSC) remain largely unexplored. Neuroinflammation has a relevant influence on adult neurogenesis, which is a common feature in various neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the possible link between neuroinflammation and AQP4, we speculate that AQP4 may mediate the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines in glia and then indirectly regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Using AQP4 knockout mice, we investigated the effects of AQP4 on hippocampal neurogenesis after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. We unexpectedly found that AQP4 deficiency attenuated the decrease in aNSC proliferation after systemic LPS exposure, accompanied by inhibition of glial activation and suppression of the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, in vivo studies demonstrated that LPS-induced activated microglia did not express AQP4, indicating the impossibility of direct regulation of AQP4 to activate microglia. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro that AQP4 deficiency inhibited astrocyte activation and reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines from astrocytes. Our data suggest that AQP4 mediates the suppressive effect of neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis via regulation of the astroglial response.


AUSTIN (KXAN) — As a judge weighs whether Greg Kelley will get a new trial, a new state law will take effect in September that aims to help get convictions right the first time.

The Kelley case aside, people in Central Texas have seen several high-profile convictions overturned recently. Dan and Fran Keller were recently declared innocent after spending 23 years in prison accused of child sex abuse. Michael Morton spent nearly 25 years behind bars before being cleared of his wife’s murder. Then there’s Timothy Cole who died in prison after being convicted of rape. DNA cleared him after his death.

“If you don’t have the right guy, well, then the real right guy that should have been convicted, is out on the street,” said Sam Bassett, a criminal defense attorney in Austin and a member of the Timothy Cole Exoneration Review Commission, a select team formed to improve current policies and laws.

The team made several recommendations that convinced lawmakers to pass House Bill 34 earlier this year. Starting in September, officers will be required to record audio for serious felony interrogations.

“It’s more time consuming so it has made it more difficult. But it’s also more valuable, you can find things that are helpful to your case,” said Bassett.

Also, after a witness identifies a suspect, police will gauge how certain that witness is and make a record of it. It hopes to add facts about the process that can push subjective human factors out of the way of witness questioning and testimony.

“At least we will have a record and I think that’s going to be very helpful,” said Rep. John Smithee, R-Amarillo. “A lot of times they’re nervous and they are not altogether sure. They are more inclined to give an answer that they think that law enforcement will be pleased with when they give it.”

The author in the Texas Senate was Sen. Charles Perry, R- Lubbock, who told KXAN, “The passage of wrongful conviction reforms benefits all sectors of society and builds trust in the criminal justice system. As elected officials, we must provide law enforcement with the proper tools to ensure justice is served to all that engage the system.”

Also set out in the new law, a defendant will be told if testimony comes from a jailhouse informant and what that informant got in return. The Texas Forensic Science Commission will be required to conduct a study on the use of drug field tests kits and another study on the way crime scene investigations are conducted.

To read the full recommendations click here.

According to the National Registry of Exonerations, Texas had the most exonerations in 2015. Since 1989, the state has had 323 exonerations. The data shows the majority of the exonerations were for drug cases. Only about 13 percent of the exonerations were for murder convictions.


Bilateral cerebral venous angioma associated with varices: a case report and review of the literature.
A varix occurring with a cerebral venous angioma is a rare combination of cerebral vascular malformations. The most common vascular anomaly associated with a venous angioma is a cavernous angioma. We report a case of bilateral supratentorial venous angioma with 2 varices involving the angioma situated on the right frontotemporal region. Multiple subependymal veins were seen in the right supratentorial region, which joined to form multiple collector veins, which, in turn, unified into a tortuous channel in the region of the sylvian fissure and continued into venous varices.


Sunday, June 28, 2009

Isn't it funny how people see so differently? Sometimes I wonder if we see colors differently from each other and all have the same favorite color.Sometimes we link things that other people don't see, kind of like when someone tells you that you look like someone and it makes you think: "...is this person smoking crack?"Here are some people who I've been told I look like, and I've seriously considered the sobriety of the people telling me so.(However, I do think Peppermint Patty's the most accurate. We have the same hairstyle, after all.)

Thursday, June 25, 2009

I baked a huge strawberry mango tart out of the strawberries Jason and I picked from the front yard. It was delicious, however, I didn't really keep track of the recipe, so I will have to try to make it again before posting it here.

In other news:

Interview with AmeriCorps Tuesday! woo!

I've been baking my own vegan Italian bread everyday. So fun, so easy, so yummy, so inexpensive! ($1 for a loaf freshly baked bread is 10 times better than the arm and a leg normally paid!)

Sunday, June 21, 2009

My dad (right) and his best friend Paul (left), a photobooth in NYC, early-mid 1970's.

Dear Dad,Since we can't be together this Father's Day, I wanted to do something special.So I got to brainstorming.There are three things about you that I know will never change:

Your love for my sister, my mother, and me.

How you love skiing and your guitars about a fraction less than you love us.

Your particularity of cookies.

My dad loves hard cookies. He just loves them. Actually, anything that is not burnt is basically considered undercooked for him (I blame it on the fact that we're Italian Americans.)

So even though these cookies aren't hard, I've created a cookie recipe for my dad that could easily be overcooked and still taste great!This recipe is perfect for making with kids, or your dad who still acts like a kid (like mine. Hence why I named this recipe...)

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

I arrived in Madison safely on Sunday night.I live in a lovely area of town that is mainly inhabited by young families and couples in their late 20's. I live only a few blocks from the sweetest little fabric shop, and the loveliest market called Jenifer Street Market. I always think of my sister when I go there, not only because of the name they share but also because I know she would love it.

Currently Hearing:Patti Smith (I've been on a real Patti kick lately. What a sassafras!)Currently Sewing: A Jumper, childrens size 2Currently Loving: My new town.

In other news:Besides playing around with my dulcimer, I have been spending the majority of my first days home looking at illustrations from vintage children's books.My favorite illustrators are:Ruth Mary HallockMabel Betsy Hill


//
// "$Id: gl_draw.H 4288 2005-04-16 00:13:17Z mike $"
//
// OpenGL header file for the Fast Light Tool Kit (FLTK).
//
// Copyright 1998-2005 by Bill Spitzak and others.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// Library General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
// USA.
//
// Please report all bugs and problems on the following page:
//
//     http://www.fltk.org/str.php
//

#include "gl.h"

extern FL_EXPORT void gl_remove_displaylist_fonts();

//
// End of "$Id: gl_draw.H 4288 2005-04-16 00:13:17Z mike $".
//


Ossicle of the meniscus.
Two patients with an ossicle of the meniscus are described. Radiologic differentiation from osteochondral loose body or chondrocalcinosis can be made by its ossified appearance and its location within the meniscus. Correct diagnosis is important so that unnecessary surgery is avoided and a protracted search for a free fragment is not carried out.


FILE PHOTO: Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau answers questions from the media in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 8, 2018. REUTERS/Christinne Muschi/File Photo

OTTAWA (Reuters) - Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau dismissed speculation on Thursday that he would call an early election this fall, a year ahead of schedule, saying his Liberal government remains focused on renegotiating NAFTA and strengthening the economy.

“It has never been in our plans and it is not in our plans. There will be no federal election this fall,” Trudeau told a news conference as he visited the province of Quebec.

Trudeau’s center-left Liberals are facing challenges on trade and immigration and are essentially tied in opinion polls with the right-leaning Conservative opposition.

A prominent Toronto Star columnist, Chantal Hebert, wrote on Monday that Canadians deserved a fall election because the political context has changed so dramatically since Trudeau was elected with a surprise majority three years ago.

Most notably, the Canada-U.S. relationship has soured since Republican President Donald Trump took office in 2017 and sparked the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico and the United States. Trump has since imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Canada and other countries.

The United States is Canada’s largest trading partner, taking some 75 percent of its goods exports.

Trudeau is also under pressure at home, with a dramatic shift in the political leadership of key provinces away from his Liberal party, setting the stage for a heated battle over climate change and carbon pricing.

Trudeau shuffled his cabinet in July, stressing the need to diversify trade away from the United States while leaving key ministers in place. [nL1N1UE0I2]

The Canadian Broadcasting Corp’s poll tracker, an aggregation of the latest federal opinion polls, in July showed the Liberals with 36.4 percent support, the Conservatives with 34.7 percent, and the left-leaning New Democrats with 19.1 percent support.


BUT, THEY HAVE TO DO IT. A DEL RODGERS, THANK YOU. NOW WE WILL MOVE ON TO THE LATEST ON THE CALIFORNIA DROUGHT. YES, WE GOT RAIN. IT IS TAKING A TOLL A WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE CITY OF TREES. LATICIA OUR DATA EXPLAINS WHICH IS TREES ARE STRUGGLING RIGHT NOW. -- LETICIA ORDAZ EXPLAINS WHICH TREES ARE STRUGGLING RIGHT NOW. TREES ARE SUPPOSED TO BE GREEN BUT THEY ARE BROWN. THE SERIES DROUGHT IN CALIFORNIA IS TO BLAME. IT IS UNUSUAL. WE WILL SEE IT IN THE SUMMER MONTHS WHEN IT IS HOT. READ WAS ARE THE HARDEST HIT. THEY -- REDWOODS ARE THE HARDEST HIT. -- THEY NEED THE MOST WATER. THEY GET IN THIS TYPE OF MOISTURE YEAR-ROUND. THIS FAMILY IS WORRIED ABOUT THEIR 100 YEAR OLD TRADE. -- TREE. IT TOOK FIVE MEN, FIVE DAYS TO CLEAN UP. RIGHT NOW, IT LOOKS GOOD. I HAVE A GUY THAT COMES REGULARLY. THE TREES ARE LOOKED AT. I THINK IT LOOKS FINE. I HOPE IT IS FINE. EXPERTS SAY THERE IS NO NEED TO LET YOUR TREE GET TO THIS POINT. THEY DO HOUSE AND VISITS. ANQUAN ALSO GIVE FREE ADVICE. EXPERTS SAID WITH A WATER RESTRICTION, A GOOD PLAN OF ACTION CAN RESTORE TREE'S HELP. -- AND THEY CAN ALSO GIVE FREE ADVICE. ONCE A WEEK DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF SOIL YOU HAVE, THAT IS ALL IT NEEDS. OAK IS MORE ADAPTABLE TO THIS DRY WEATHER. WE DO NOT LIVE IN THAT KIND OF ENVIRONMENT. KCRA 3 NEWS. EXPERTS SAID MULCH IS A GREAT OPTION TO HELP RETAIN TREE MOISTURE. AND WHEN YOU DO WATER, DO SO


On art, music, mobile, drupal, stars and planets

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An open source app for DrupalCamps

Written on August 7, 2013 - 09:04

On september 14 and 15, Leuven will host the annual Belgium DrupalCamp. During those two days, people come together learning and discussing the open-source content management system Drupal. The program will be available on the website, but we decided to also create an application this year. We've tried to make it abstract as possible, so other Drupal events can easily built from the source code which is available online.

The apps will be available for Android and iOS. As soon as the program is ready, we'll publish them, so keep an eye out for the camp website, twitter or, of course, this article. The Android version is available on Play Store.

Features include:

Built with speed in mind: native app

Works offline

Sessions and speakers

Mark your favorite sessions

Maps integration when online

Collaborate

The code is freely available on GitHub, so anyone can easily send in bug reports, interface translations or create pull requests to make the applications even better.

Well, there are pro's and contra's using a cross platform solution, say phonegap for instance. IHMO, performance is key, and I've never seen a decent javascript app so far - at least big ones - it probably doesn't matter that much for small apps.

It probably would have helped getting a Firefox OS built fast, however, because of that platform only, you can use much more advanced techniques in CSS and javascript - and only rely on just native javascript instead of jQuery for instance too.

Currently not that I know of - Tim has setup the service (The URL is in the source code). Maybe we should get in touch with the maintainers of the site so they expose a service, that would ideally be much more interesting.


eval '(exit $?0)' && eval 'exec perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
     & eval 'exec perl -S $0 $argv:q'
     if 0;

# -*- perl -*-

use lib "$ENV{ACE_ROOT}/bin";
use PerlACE::TestTarget;

$status = 0;
$debug_level = '0';
$server_name = "server";
$async_opt = "";

foreach $i (@ARGV) {
    if ($i eq '-debug') {
        $debug_level = '10';
    }
    elsif ($i eq "-async_1") {
        $server_name = "async_server";
    }
    elsif ($i eq "-async_2") {
        $server_name = "async_server";
        $async_opt = "-as";
    }
    elsif ($i eq "-async_3") {
        $server_name = "async_server";
        $async_opt = "-aa";
    }
}

my $server = PerlACE::TestTarget::create_target (1) || die "Create failed\n";
my $client = PerlACE::TestTarget::create_target (2) || die "Create failed\n";

my $TARGETHOSTNAME = $client->HostName ();
my $port = $client->RandomPort ();

$server->DeleteFile($iorbase);
$client->DeleteFile($iorbase);

$SV = $server->CreateProcess ($server_name, "$async_opt -ORBdebuglevel $debug_level -ORBListenEndpoints iiop://$TARGETHOSTNAME:$port");
$CL = $client->CreateProcess ("client",
                              "-ORBdebuglevel $debug_level ".
                              "-a corbaloc:iiop:$TARGETHOSTNAME:$port/SIMPLE_TEST_KEY");

print "Starting $server_name $async_opt\n";
$server_status = $SV->Spawn ();

if ($server_status != 0) {
    print STDERR "ERROR: server returned $server_status\n";
    exit 1;
}

sleep(3);

print "Client\n";
$client_status = $CL->Spawn ();

if ($client_status != 0) {
    print STDERR "ERROR: client returned $client_status\n";
    $SV->Kill (); $SV->TimedWait (1);
    exit 1;
}

$client_status = $CL->WaitKill ($client->ProcessStopWaitInterval());

if ($client_status != 0) {
    print STDERR "ERROR: client returned $client_status\n";
    $status = 1;
}

$server_status = $SV->WaitKill ($server->ProcessStopWaitInterval());

if ($server_status != 0) {
    print STDERR "ERROR: server returned $server_status\n";
    $status = 1;
}

$server->DeleteFile($iorbase);
$client->DeleteFile($iorbase);

exit $status;


Contaminated renal allografts.
Bacterial contamination of a renal allograft may cause infection of the transplant with eventual loss of the graft and possibly death of the patient. We report two cases that illustrate these complications and that support the suggestion that culture of the transport medium is a valuable investigation prior to transplantation.


WASHINGTON (AP) -- State-run health insurance markets that offer coverage under President Barack Obama's health law are struggling with high costs and disappointing enrollment. These challenges could lead more of them to turn over operations to the federal government or join forces with other states.

Hawaii's marketplace, the latest cautionary tale, was awarded $205 million in federal startup grants. It has spent about $139 million and enrolled 8,200 customers for individual coverage in 2015. Unable to sustain itself, the state marketplace is turning over sign-ups to the federal HealthCare.gov for 2016.

Twelve states and the District of Columbia fully control their markets. Experts estimate about half face financial difficulties. Federal taxpayers invested nearly $5 billion in startup grants to the states, expecting that state markets would become self-sustaining. Most of the federal money has been spent, and states have to face the consequences.

"The viability of state health insurance exchanges has been a challenge across the country, particularly in small states, due to insufficient numbers of uninsured residents," said a statement from the office of Hawaii Democratic Gov. David Ige, announcing last month that his state's sign-ups were being turned over to the federal government.

Now that the Supreme Court has ruled the Obama administration can keep subsidizing premiums in all 50 states through HealthCare.gov, no longer is there a downside for states turning to Washington. If the decision had gone the opposite way, state exchanges would have been a leaky lifeboat for preserving a major expansion of taxpayer-subsidized coverage under the law.

With the pressure gone, "I think you are going to see much more of a hybrid across the nation," said Peter Lee, who heads California's state-run marketplace. Covered California fell short of its sign-up projections this year by nearly 20 percent, but Lee says it remains "a solid business proposition."

States are "talking a lot about shared services," Lee said. "It's how you get economies of scale."

States could pool resources on functions such as labor-intensive call centers or use HealthCare.gov's technology for online enrollment. They generally want to keep control over marketing, consumer education and oversight of insurance plans.

Sustainability is the focus of the administration's annual meeting with state exchange directors, scheduled for the end of the month in the Washington area. The two-day meeting is closed to the media.

"Each state has a different set of circumstances that informs their approach, and we will continue to support their efforts," said Mayra Alvarez, the federal liaison to state marketplaces.

The pendulum probably will swing toward a greater federal role in the next couple of years, said Jim Wadleigh, director of Connecticut's Access Health. Eventually, more states will want to take the lead, he said, because it gives them greater control over health care, particularly modernizing Medicaid programs for low-income people.

In New England, there's talk of a regional exchange.

The insurance industry would welcome consolidation.

"Our biggest concern is that you may see many states looking to enact taxes and fees, and that makes health care less affordable," said Justine Handelman, policy chief at the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.

Hawaii is the third state exchange going to the federal sign-up system, following Nevada and Oregon, which made the switch last year. Among the problems confronting states:

-Minnesota's MNsure faces a murky financial future. Its budget is balanced as a result of repeated cuts when enrollment has come in below projections, a tactic that cannot work forever. Despite a slew of proposals, no concrete changes came out of the state's most recent legislative session. Democratic Gov. Mark Dayton has signaled that MNsure's fate is on the table, including the option of shifting operations to HealthCare.gov.

-The U.S. attorney in Boston has subpoenaed records dealing with the troubled rollout of the Massachusetts Health Connector, dating to 2010.

-Colorado officials are considering big changes to the state's marketplace, from pooling call centers with other states to dismantling the exchange and relying on HealthCare.gov instead. Although the market is on solid financial footing, it has fallen short of best-case enrollment goals.

-A federal audit concluded that Maryland used exchange establishment grants from Washington to pay for $28.4 million in costs that should have been allocated to the state's Medicaid program. State officials dispute that, but federal officials say Maryland should pay the money back. Separately, the original lead contractor for the state website has agreed to repay $45 million to avoid legal action over rollout problems last year.

-In Vermont, a debate has been raging about whether to abandon the state exchange. Democratic Gov. Peter Shumlin originally wanted a single state-run system for all residents, along the lines of Canada. Shumlin backed off because it would have meant prohibitively high taxes. He wants to fix the state exchange, still grappling with technology problems that plagued it from launch.


Recap: Top Chef DC, Episode 11, Ballpark Challenge

This week on Top Chef, the top six tried to impress seafood-master Rick Moonen, and whipped up some high end concession food at the brand new Washington Nationals Stadium. Who struck out, who hit it out of the park, and what the heck is up with Angelo's mysterious Russian bride? It's all ahead in this week's recap!

[Warning: Spoilers ahead!]

The episode opened as my nightmares so often do: with Ed running around the Top Chef house wearing Tiffany's bright yellow dress. Personally, I thought Ed made one hell of an ugly woman, but Kevin didn't seem to have any complaints whatsoever.

While getting dressed, Kelly pondered why the heck Amanda was still in the game. Angelo, on the other hand, revealed that when he was young, he used to spend all his free time in a creepy room filled with candles and cut-out photos of chefs. Gosh, what a fun kid! I bet he was the hit of every birthday party. Or, you know, NOT.

The Quickfire

The guest judge this week was seafood master, Rick Moonen. He joined Padma in the Top Chef kitchen just in time to hear her drop every corny food idiom known to man. The challenge was to create a dish based on one of those corny idioms, and as an added bonus, the winner would get their meal included in Schwan's home delivery service. Ah, yes. Every chef's dream!

Ed picked "hot potato," Kelly chose "sour grapes," and Angelo chose "bigger fish to fry." I was shocked, because I really expected him to pick "hide the salami." Oh, wait, I forgot. He has that fiancée back in Russia. My bad.

After tasting all the food, Rick Moonen said he absolutely hated Amanda's mac, cheese, and pork chop dish. He hilariously referred to it as a "sledgehammer to the gut." Poor Amanda composed herself just enough to utter the following rebuttal:

Kevin and Ed had the top dishes of the night, but the win ultimately went to Ed. He made a hot potato herb & roasted garlic gnocchi with spring vegetables and mushroom fricassee that Rick loved—and, he did it in one hour. Way to go, Mr. Ed! Maybe as a reward, Tiffany will let you run around the house in her underwear next.

Elimination Challenge

For this week's elimination challenge, the final six had to cook high-end concession stand food at the National's park during their pre-game. They once again worked as one unified team, and each person was responsible for one dish. They had 15 minutes to plan, and only three stressful hours to cook. So how did they spend that precious time? Amanda stupidly consulted Angelo for advice about her tuna tartar, and Ed ran around the kitchen like a maniac. Tiffany, on the other hand, wisely chose to take out her frustrations on an unsuspecting bowl of sausage.

Once they got to the stadium, things got even more tense. An argument broke out over who was going to take orders from the customers, and sadly, poor timing caused Amanda's tuna to start turning gray from oxidization. Angelo gloated to the cameras that he was "too busy" to help her fix the dish, but in reality, he was too busy "entertaining" the baseball players walking through their kitchen. Ohhhhhhh, wait. He has that fiancée in Russia. I forgot again.

Once service began, all you heard was Angelo barking orders to the cooks. "Crabs! More crabs! Four crabs all day," he screamed. I didn't know if he was asking Kelly for her food, or complaining about the nagging itch in his genitals like he did back in episode 5. Ewww.

Before judging, we were treated to what sounded like an 8th grade schoolyard conversation between Angelo and his infamous Russian mailorder bride. He explained that they've "only seen each other a few times," and that he's eager to get some money to "work out all the issues with her Visa." What in the name of Tom Colicchio's bald head is going on here? Guys, something smells rotten in the land of Top Chef, and I know it's definitely not hippie John because he was eliminated in week one.

The Judging

The crowd favorite of the evening was Tiffany's meatball sub with fennel, basil pesto, and fresh mozzarella. The judges liked it as well, and said it had great flavors and was just fun to eat. However, the win went to Ed for his shrimp and corn risotto fritters. Eric Ripert loved the spiciness of the sauce, and was impressed that the center stayed creamy. As a reward, Ed won a copy of Rick Moonen's book, and a sweet trip to Australia. The two were then dismissed back to that tiny cement broom closet to celebrate.

And now, for the awful dishes. Angelo's pork sandwich was a disaster—and as a guy who owns a sandwich shop, he should have known better. The bun was too big, and the bun-meat ratio was way off. Even worse, the bun was soggy and nasty from the pork juices. In the end, though, the judges simply could not look past that unappetizing gray tuna tartar. Only a complete loon would serve tuna tartar on a hot day at a baseball stadium (hello, foodborne illness much?) and as a result, Amanda was sent home. Buh-bye, Amanda. It was definitely your time to go.

What did you think of the episode, Serious Eaters? Was the right person sent home? Are you enjoying the show more now that it's getting down to the wire?

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What the family Pit Bull did to this young girl (below)

pit bull, raised from a puppy, tried to kill its owners

UNFORTUNATELY, MELISSA AND ALICIA WON'T BE ABLE TO SPEAK WITH THESE VICTIMS BECAUSE THEIR PIT BULLS KILLED THEM

Clouse trucking that he often slept with the 84-lb neutered

male pit bull that ended up mauling him to death

old, killed by family pit bull mix

unconditionally" killed by her pit bull

killed by his pit bull mix named Buster

'I've never seen a dog more aggressive'

MISSOURI -- Melissa Buerger posted on Facebook September 28, 2017 ·Just ran into buddy who's moms little terrier got attacked by a pit bull running loose no collar etc!!!So now one more negative pit bull story because some POS decided it was what they wanted and dumped it!😡😡😡😡😡😡😡Alicia Wattle - The thing that people don't understand about them is they are very protective and territorial. If he was close to his home, meaning the pit bull, he feels like this animal is a threat to his family, even if they are no longer there. They are incredibly loyal animals!Jeri Rhees - Humans suck !


Obamacare rules on equal coverage delayed: NY Times

WASHINGTON

A man looks over the Affordable Care Act (commonly known as Obamacare) signup page on the HealthCare.gov website in New York in this October 2, 2013 photo illustration.

Reuters/Mike Segar

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Obama administration is delaying enforcement of a provision of the new healthcare law that prohibits employers from providing better health benefits to top executives than to other employees, the New York Times reported on Saturday.

Tax officials said they would not enforce the provision this year because they had yet to issue regulations for employers to follow, according to the Times.

Internal Revenue Service spokesman Bruce Friedland said employers would not have to comply until the agency issued regulations or other guidance, the newspaper reported.

The IRS was not immediately available to confirm the Times story.

The rollout of the Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare, has been marked by a number of delays in implementing certain parts of the law. In November, the administration announced a one-year delay in online insurance enrollment for small businesses.

Technical problems with the enrollment website plagued its launch on October 1, but they have largely been fixed and more than 2 million people have signed up for private insurance. The White House hopes to have 7 million people sign up by March 31, the deadline for coverage under Obamacare.

The law, adopted in 2010, says employer-sponsored health plans must not discriminate "in favor of highly compensated individuals" with respect to either eligibility or benefits.

IRS officials said they were wrestling with complicated questions like how to measure the value of employee health benefits, how to define "highly compensated" and what exactly constitutes discrimination, the Times reported.

The ban on discriminatory health benefits was to take effect in 2010. Administration officials said then that they needed more time to develop rules and that the rules would be issued well before this month, when other major provisions of the law took effect.

A similar ban on discrimination, adopted more than 30 years ago, already applies to employers that serve as their own insurers. The new law extends that policy to employers that buy insurance from commercial carriers.


History of the Jews in Brazil

The history of the Jews in Brazil is a rather long and complex one, as it stretches from the very beginning of the European settlement in the new continent. Although only baptized Christians were subject to the Inquisition, Jews started settling in Brazil when the Inquisition reached Portugal, in the 16th century. They arrived in Brazil during the period of Dutch rule, setting up in Recife the first synagogue in the Americas, the Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, as early as 1636. Most of those Jews were Sephardic Jews who had fled the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal to the religious freedom of the Netherlands.

The Portuguese Inquisition expanded its scope of operations from Portugal to Portugal's colonial possessions, including Brazil, Cape Verde, and Goa, where it continued investigating and trying cases based on supposed breaches of orthodox Roman Catholicism until 1821. As a colony of Portugal, Brazil was affected by the 300 years of repression of the Portuguese Inquisition, which began in 1536.

In his The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith attributed much of the development of Brazil's sugar industry and cultivation to the arrival of Portuguese Jews who were forced out of Portugal during the Inquisition.

After the first Brazilian constitution in 1824 that granted freedom of religion, Jews began to arrive gradually in Brazil. Many Moroccan Jews arrived in the 19th century, principally because of the rubber boom, settling on the Amazon, where their mixed-race descendants continue to live. Waves of Jewish immigration occurred first by Russian and Polish Jews escaping pogroms and the Russian Revolution, and then during the 1930s during the rise of Nazis in Europe. In the late 1950s, another wave of immigration brought thousands of North African Jews. By the 21st Century the Jewish communities thrive in Brazil. Some anti-Semitic events and acts have occurred, mainly during the 2006 Lebanon War such as vandalism of Jewish cemeteries. But in the main, Brazil’s Jewish population is highly educated, with 68% of the community holding university degrees, employed mainly in business, law, medicine, engineering, and the arts. Most own businesses or are self-employed. The IBGE Census shows that 70% of Brazil’s Jews belong to the middle and upper classes. As a group, Jews in Brazil see themselves as a successful segment of society, and face relatively little antisemitism at the onset of the 21st Century.

Brazil has the ninth largest Jewish community in the world, about 107,329 by 2010, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Census, and has the second largest Jewish population in Latin America after Argentina. The Jewish Confederation of Brazil (CONIB) estimates that there are more than 120,000 Jews in Brazil.

First Jewish arrivals

There have been Jews in what is now Brazil since the first Portuguese arrived in the country in 1500, notably Mestre João and Gaspar da Gama who arrived in the first ships. A number of Sephardic Jews immigrated to Brazil during its early settlements. They were known as "New Christians" (Conversos or Marranos — Jews obliged to convert to Roman Catholicism by the Portuguese crown).

The Jews from Portugal avoided immigrating to Brazil, because they would also be persecuted by the Inquisition. Most of the Portuguese Marranos took refuge in Mediterranean countries such as in North Africa, Italy, Greece and the Middle East), and others emigrated to countries that tolerated Judaism, such as the Netherlands, England and Germany. Many Sephardic Jews from Holland and England worked with the maritime trade of the Dutch West India Company, especially with the sugar production in the northeast of Brazil. The first Jews who arrived in North America were Sephardic Jews who after being expelled from Brazil by the Portuguese, settled in the American northeast.

In the final decades of the 18th century, some Marranos came to southeastern Brazil to work in the gold mines. Many were arrested, accused of Judaism. Brazilian families that descend from the Marranos are mainly concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Pará and Bahia.

Most sources state that the first synagogue of Belém, Sha'ar haShamaim ("Gate of Heaven"), was founded in 1824. There are, however, controversies; Samuel Benchimol, author of Eretz Amazônia: Os Judeus na Amazônia, affirms that the first synagogue in Belém was Eshel Avraham ("Abraham's Tamarisk") and that it was established in 1823 or 1824, while Sha'ar haShamaim was founded in 1826 or 1828.

The Jewish population in the capital of Grão-Pará had by 1842 an established necropolis.

Agricultural settlements
Because of unfavorable conditions in Europe, European Jews began debating in the 1890s about establishing agricultural settlements in Brazil. At first, the plan did not work because of Brazilian political quarrels.

In 1904, the Jewish agricultural colonization, supported by the Jewish Colonization Association, began in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. The main intention of the JCA in creating those colonies was to resettle Russian Jews during the mass immigration from the hostile Russian empire. The first colonies were Philippson (1904) and Quatro Irmãos (1912). However, these colonization attempts all failed because of "inexperience, insufficient funds and poor planning" and also because of "administrative problems, lack of agricultural facilities and the lure of city jobs."

In 1920, the JCA began selling some of the land to non-Jewish settlers. Despite the failure, "The colonies aided Brazil and helped change the stereotypical image of the non-productive Jew, capable of working only in commerce and finance. The main benefit from these agricultural experiments was the removal of restrictions in Brazil on Jewish immigration from Europe during the 20th century."

Other 20th-century developments
By the First World War, about 7,000 Jews were inhabiting Brazil. In 1910 in Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, a Jewish school was opened and a Yiddish newspaper, Di Menshhayt ("Humanity") was established in 1915. One year later, the Jewish community of Rio de Janeiro formed an aid committee for World War I victims.

Congregação Israelita Paulista (“CIP,” or “Israeli Congregation of São Paulo), the largest synagogue in Brazil, was founded in by Dr. Fritz Pinkus, who was born in Egeln, Germany.

Associação Religiosa Israelita (the “Israeli Religious Association”), now a member of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, was founded by Dr. Heinrich Lemle, who emigrated from Frankfurt to Rio de Janeiro in 1941.

Antisemitism

Auto-da-fé

The first recorded auto-da-fé was held in Paris in 1242. Auto-da-fés took place in France, Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Peru, the Ukraine in the Portuguese colony of Goa, India and in Mexico where the last in the world was held in 1850. Nearly five hundred auto-da-fés were “celebrated” by the Roman Catholic Church over the course of three centuries, and thousands of Jews met their deaths this way usually after months of suffering in the Inquisition’s prisons and torture chambers. This brutal and public ritual consisted of a Catholic Mass, a procession of heretics and apostates, many of them marranos, or "secret Jews", and their torture and execution by burning at the stake. Last-minute penitents were garroted to spare the pain of death by burning. Auto-da-fé victims were most frequently apostate former Jews and former Muslims, then Alumbrados (followers of a condemned mystical movement) and Protestants, and occasionally those who had been accused of such crimes against the Roman Catholic Church as bigamy and sorcery

Historians note that the best-known action of the Inquisition against Crypto-Jews in Brazil were the Visitations of 1591–93 in Bahia; 1593–95 in Pernambuco; 1618 in Bahia; around 1627 in the Southeast; and in 1763 and 1769 in Grão-Pará, in the north of the country. In the 18th century, the Inquisition was also active in Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais. Approximately 400 "judaizers" were prosecuted, most of them being condemned to imprisonment, and 18 New Christians were condemned to death in Lisbon.

One of the best-known Portuguese playwrights, António José da Silva (1705-1739), "the Jew," who lived part of his life in Portugal and part in Brazil was condemned to death by the Inquisition in 1739. His parents, João Mendes da Silva and Lourença Coutinho, were descended from Jews who had emigrated to the colony of Brazil to escape the Inquisition, but in 1702 that tribunal began to persecute the Marranos or anyone of Jewish descent in Rio, and in October 1712 Lourença Coutinho became a victim. Her husband and children accompanied her to Portugal when António was 7 years old, where she figured among the "reconciled" in the auto-da-fé of July 9, 1713, after undergoing the torment only. António produced his first play or opera in 1733, and the next year he married his cousin, D. Leonor Maria de Carvalho, whose parents had been burnt by the Inquisition, while she herself had gone through an auto-da-fé in Spain and been exiled on account of her religion. They had their first daughter in 1734, but the years of their happiness and of Silva's dramatic career were few, for on October 5, 1737 husband and wife were both imprisoned on the charge of "judaizing." A slave of theirs had denounced them to the Holy Office. Though the details of the accusation against them seemed trivial and contradictory, and some of his friends testified about his Catholic piety and observation, António was condemned to death. On October 18, like those who wanted to die in the Catholic faith, he was first strangled and after had his body burnt in an auto-da-fé. His wife, who witnessed his death, did not long survive him.

Another notable person is Isaac de Castro Tartas (1623-1647) who emigrated to Brazil from France and Holland. In 1641 he arrived in Paraíba, Brazil, where he lived for several years. Against the wishes of his relatives there, he went later to Bahia de Todos os Santos, the colony's capital, where he was recognized as a Jew, arrested by the Portuguese Inquisition, and sent to Lisbon where he died as a Jewish martyr.

20th Century Antisemitism
Heightened antisemitism in Brazil in the 1900s reached its peak during 1933-1945 with the ascent of Nazism in Germany. Brazil blocked its doors to an influx of Jewish refugees from Europe during the Holocaust. Research by Brazil’s Virtual Archives on Holocaust and Antisemitism Institute (Arqshoah) has uncovered that between 1937 and 1950 more than 16,000 visas to European Jews attempting to escape the Nazis were denied by the governments of presidents Getulio Vargas and Eurico Gaspar Dutra.

Attitude towards antisemitism
Brazil strictly condemns antisemitism, and such act is an explicit violation of the law. According to Brazilian penal code, it is illegal to write, edit, publish, or sell literature that promotes anti-Semitism or racism. The law provides penalties of up to five years in prison for crimes of racism or religious intolerance and enables courts to fine or imprison for two to five years anyone who displays, distributes, or broadcasts antisemitic or racist material.

In 1989, the Brazilian Congress passed a law prohibiting the manufacture, trade and distribution of swastikas for the purpose of disseminating Nazism. Anyone who violates this law is liable to serve a prison term from between two and five years. (Law no. 7716 of 5 January 1989)

According to a U.S. Department of State report, antisemitism in Brazil remains rare. The results of a global survey on anti-Semitic sentiments, released by the Anti-Defamation League, ranked Brazil among the least anti-Semitic countries in the world. According to this global survey conducted between July 2013 and February 2014, Brazil has the lowest "Anti-Semitic Index" (16%) in Latin America and the third lowest in all Americas, only behind Canada (14%) and the United States (9%).

Present-day Jewish community

Brazil has the 9th largest Jewish community in the world, about 107,329 according to the IBGE 2010 Census. The Jewish Confederation of Brazil (CONIB) estimates that there are more than 120,000 Jews in Brazil, with the lower figure representing active practitioners. The current Jewish community is composed by 75% of Ashkenazi Jews of Polish and German descent and also of 25% Sephardic Jews of Spanish, Portuguese, and North African descent; among the North African Jews, a significant number are of Egyptian descent.

Brazilian Jews play an active role in politics, sports, academia, trade and industry, and are overall well integrated in all spheres of Brazilian life. The majority of Brazilian Jews live in the State of São Paulo, but there are also sizeable communities in the States of Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Paraná.

Jews lead an open religious life in Brazil and there are rarely any reported cases of anti-semitism in the country. In the main urban centers there are schools, associations and synagogues where Brazilian Jews can practice and pass on Jewish culture and traditions. Some Jewish scholars say that the only threat facing Judaism in Brazil is the relatively high frequency of intermarriage, which in 2002 was estimated at 60%. Intermarriage is especially high among the country's Jews and Arabs.

There has been a steady stream of aliyah (immigration to Israel) since the nation's foundation in 1948. Between 1948 and 2010, 11,586 Brazilian Jews immigrated to Israel.

Size of Jewish communities in Brazil

 São Paulo, São Paulo: 51,050, 75,000
 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro: 25,000–30,000
 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: 15,000
 Curitiba, Paraná: 1,774
 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: 1,714
 Recife, Pernambuco: 650 a 1000, 1,173
 Belém, Pará: 900
 Piracicaba, São Paulo: 700
 Salvador, Bahia: 697
 Manaus, Amazonas: 627
 Brasília, Distrito Federal: 624
 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro: 600
 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina: 420
 Santos, São Paulo: 413
 Campinas, São Paulo: 364
 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul: 330
 Santo André, São Paulo: 311
 Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro: 295
 Osasco, São Paulo: 261
 São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo: 251
 Barueri, São Paulo: 245
 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul: 240
 Vitória, Espírito Santo: 202
 Goiânia, Goiás: 198
 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro: 180
 Gurupi, Tocantins: 173
 Santana de Parnaíba, São Paulo: 168
 Cotia, São Paulo: 167
 São Carlos, São Paulo: 150
 Uberaba, Minas Gerais: 143
 Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco: 137
 Nilópolis, Rio de Janeiro: 133
 Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro: 124
 Fortaleza, Ceará: 100–120
 Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro: 119
 São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro: 116
 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul: 113
 Jandira, São Paulo: 113
 Taboão da Serra, São Paulo: 100
 Rolândia, Paraná: 99
 Aracaju, Sergipe: 96
 Embu-Guaçu, São Paulo: 96
 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte: 91
 Jacareí, São Paulo: 90
 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia: 88
 São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo: 80
 Atibaia, São Paulo: 78
 Franca, São Paulo: 77
 Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro: 75
 Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sergipe: 75
 Guarulhos, São Paulo: 74
 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo: ≈70
 Ilhéus, Bahia: 69
 Joinville, Santa Catarina: 68
 Magé, Rio de Janeiro: 67
 Americana, São Paulo: 63
 Blumenau, Santa Catarina: 63
 Londrina, Paraná: 64
 Mairiporã, São Paulo: 64
 Itapira, São Paulo: 63
 Limeira, São Paulo: 63
 Guarujá, São Paulo: 62
 São Sebastião, São Paulo: 60
 Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro: 59
 Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro: 59
 Francisco Morato, São Paulo: 58
 São Vicente, São Paulo: 58
 São José dos Campos, São Paulo: 56
 Ourinhos, São Paulo: 55
 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul: 55
 Campina Grande, Paraíba: 54
 Resende, Rio de Janeiro: 54
 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul: 54
 Xaxim, Santa Catarina: 54
 Redenção do Gurguéia, Piauí: 49
 Itajubá, Minas Gerais: 48
 Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso: 47
 São Joaquim da Barra, São Paulo: 47
 Silvânia, Goiás: 46
 Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná: 45
 Macapá, Amapá: 45
 Araçatuba, São Paulo: 44
 Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul: 44
 Maracaí, São Paulo: 43
 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: 43
 Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul: 42
 Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul: 41
 Luziânia, Goiás: 41
 Rolim de Moura, Rondônia: 41
 Iporã, Paraná: 40
 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais: 40
 São Luís, Maranhão: 40
 Paulista, Pernambuco: ≈35

Other smaller Jewish communities include:
In the state of Pernambuco: Arcoverde, Camaragibe and Olinda
In the state of Rio de Janeiro: Barra do Piraí, Campos dos Goytacazes, Macaé and São João de Meriti
In the state of São Paulo: Araçoiaba da Serra, Araraquara, Boituva, Guaratinguetá, Itu, Mauá, Praia Grande, São José do Rio Preto, Taubaté, Ubatuba, Valinhos and Vinhedo

See also
 Amazonian Jews
 Dutch Empire
 Dutch Brazil
 Jewish Agency for Israel
 Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue
 List of Brazilian Jews
 List of Latin American Jews
 Oldest synagogues in the world#Recife, Brazil
 History of the Jews in Latin America
 Brazil–Israel relations
 History of Pernambuco#Jews in Pernambuco

References

Further reading

Pieroni, Geraldo. "Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to Brazil," in Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering, eds. The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800. New York: Berghahn Books 2001, 242-54.

Category:Religion in the Dutch Empire


1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to data processing and media playback systems, and more particularly, to a system and method for updating digital content by supplementing the content from a global computer network, e.g., the Internet, or other stored digital content.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are presently a variety of different technologies available to deliver media selections, such as audio, video, audio/video, etc. to users in an effective and beneficial format. Moreover, there is a substantial volume of material available over computerized networks, such as the Internet which may or may not be related to specific media selections. Unfortunately, although a user may independently seek out additional materials and information associated with a specific media selection, presently no specific and effective facility exits for effectively enhancing a media selection with quantities of additional updated materials, without requiring separate independent machinery and separate and independent programming on the medium itself. Indeed, such is especially the case with regard to the large amounts of media already distributed and in use by the public.
Recent technological advances have made significant strides in what may be termed, enhanced DVDs or similarly enhanced media delivery products including CD-ROMs, hard drives, digital storage devices, and the like. These existing enhancements include the embedding and/or programming of additional content onto a specific media storage medium, such as the DVD, for effective communication to the user. As a result, merchants are able to sell these various media selections while promoting substantial enhancements, which can expand the marketability of a product which may or may not have already been viewed and/or heard by the consumer at a previous time. To this end, enhanced media players are also being developed continuously to take advantage of these enhanced media selections and avoid the need to use personal computers. Specifically, these media players may include Internet connectivity and/or a variety of other features that may previously have only been available on specific computer processors which also had media delivery capabilities. While such exiting technologies are effective and beneficial for the purposes of enhancing new releases and publications of various types of media selections as indicated, they are generally incapable of providing any enhancement capability whatsoever to already distributed media selections and/or live or remotely delivered media selections, such as through a cable or satellite system. Moreover, the enhancement provided with existing technology can become somewhat stagnant since the available additional materials and types of interaction or enhancements must be pre-programmed onto the storage medium, and thereby are permanently set. Also, typical enhancements available with present technologies are often provided in the form of add-ons which are available and accessible separate and apart from the delivery of the actual media selection itself such that there is no true, direct interactivity with the actual media selection being delivered, but rather later, separate opportunities for independent access and/or retrieval of additional materials are provided.
An example of such stagnant media delivery is the case of digital optical or stored memory content for a movie, TV show, etc. This content is routinely sold by retailers usually in the form of CDs or DVDs and other fixed media for example in the form of UMD media that plays movies, etc. on the Sony PlayStation™. This content is often supplemented by promotional content such as trailer segments for upcoming movies or with other supplemental content that is often ancillary to the main content. An example of this would be for the 1997 movie Titanic released on DVD. The Internet Movie Database (located at www.imdb.com) states the commercially available DVD contains the following features:                Commentary by: filmmaker James Cameron, various cast and crew members, two on-set historians        29 never-before-seen deleted scenes with optional commentary        Alternate ending: Brock's Epiphany        Branching viewing option to see background materials        Production and special effects featurettes        “Breaking New Ground” TV special        Visual effects breakdown of the stuntsThese features are commonly presented to a user of a media player via a menu 10, such as that shown in FIG. 1, which is loaded onto a display of the media player after the DVD is inserted into such a player. Once the user purchases this DVD, the user is forced to view this static and, in many cases, dated content without regard to the date the user purchased the content (which may have been years after the DVD was released). The consumer would oftentimes prefer newer and more relevant content. An example of this would be following the 1997 release of the Titanic DVD there have been several new and relevant features produced on the Titanic. Yet the user has no ability to see these features and the publisher of the DVD has no ability to offer the features. Similarly, in the case of this or any digital medium that includes previews of upcoming attractions, the attractions will be stale in an older DVD. By example, if a user purchased the Titanic DVD mastered in 1997 the user would see a trailer for an upcoming 1997 or 1998 movie. This is no longer relevant to the user or publisher, who would instead desire to offer a preview trailer of a current film that is showing in the theaters or about to show in the theaters at the time the user views the DVD. Thus, there is a clear need for both the user and publisher to be able to dynamically update digital content on stored or fixed media.


New Sulphated Flavonoids from Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl (Malvaceae).
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl (Malvaceae) is commonly used in Brazil to treat bee stings and as an antiseptic. The antioxidant properties of its extracts have been previously demonstrated, thus justifying a phytochemical investigation for its bioactive phenolic constituents. This has yielded five new sulphated flavonoids: 8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (yannin) (1a); 4'-O-methyl-7-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (beltraonin) (1b); 7-O-sulphate acacetin (wissadulin) (2a); 4'-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (caicoine) (2b) and 3'-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate hypolaetin (pedroin) (3b) along with the known flavonoids 7,4'-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (4), acacetin, apigenin, isoscutellarein, 4'-O-methyl isoscutellarein, 7,4'-di-O-methylisoscutellarein, astragalin and tiliroside. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography and identified by NMR (¹H, (13)C, HMQC, HMBC and COSY) and LC-HRMS. A cell based assay was carried out to evaluate the preliminary cytotoxic properties of the flavonoids against UVW glioma and PC-3M prostate cancer cells as well as non-tumour cell lines. The obtained results showed that acacetin, tiliroside, a mixture of acacetin + apigenin and the sulphated flavonoids 2a + 2b exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the cell lines tested. Among the tested flavonoids acacetin and tiliroside showed lower IC50 values, presenting promising antitumor effects.