1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============

Assessment of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in cardiovascular disease gives information on endothelial function and predicts cardiovascular morbidity and even cardiovascular death \[[@B1]\]. During normal pregnancy endothelial function improves due to increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability \[[@B2]--[@B4]\]. Healthy endothelium not only mediates endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but also actively suppresses thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and hypertrophy \[[@B5]\]. In preeclampsia-impaired trophoblast invasion and differentiation lead to placental ischemia and increased release of antiangiogenic factors \[[@B6]\]. Endothelial dysfunction, in turn, leads to mild to severe hypertension, oedema and proteinuria, and ischemic changes in several organs, in particular in kidneys \[[@B6]\]. Despite many advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, delivery of the placenta remains the only definitive treatment. According to WHO more than 40 000 women die of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder per year \[[@B7]\]. Although signs and symptoms of preeclampsia, with the exception of hypertension in a small number of women, recover the risk of premature cardiovascular diseases is 2--7-fold higher after maternal placental syndrome than after a normal pregnancy \[[@B8]\].

Endothelial function has been assessed mostly by FMD, based on the assumption that impaired FMD reflects not only impaired dilatation but also other alterations of endothelial function \[[@B5]\]. In preeclampsia attenuated FMD has been assumed to predict the clinical disease about 10 weeks before the actual signs and symptoms \[[@B9]\]. We wanted to evaluate whether the assessment of FMD is clinically relevant in hypertensive pregnancies and preeclampsia and how recovery takes place after delivery.

2. Materials and Methods {#sec2}
========================

We prospectively examined a total of 60 women: 32 normal pregnant women and 12 preeclamptic and 16 hypertensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy and minimum three-month postpartum. Postpartum, we could reach 75% of the normal pregnancies and 61.5% of the hypertensive group. Smokers were excluded. The patients were recruited in the Kuopio University Hospital Maternity clinic or maternity ward through years 2002--2006. The local Ethics Committee approved the study and the patients gave written informed consent.

Weight in the beginning of pregnancy and height were collected from medical records and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured at nurse\'s office from right arm after 15 minutes of rest with an automatic device. The mean of the three measurements was calculated for each patient. Continuous blood pressure recording was performed from the middle finger of the right hand. All recordings and data analyses were performed with an IBM PC-compatible microcomputer with a commercial WINACQ/WINCPRS acquisition electronics and software (Absolute Aliens Oy, Turku, Finland), which includes a sophisticated analysis program designed for research of cardiovascular physiology.

Body composition was determined by bioimpedance analysis (InBody 3.0, BioSpace Co., LTD., Seoul, Republic of Korea). The device used 8-point tactile electrodes; two were in contact with the palm and thumb of each hand and two with anterior and posterior aspects of the soles of the feet. The measurement was performed for undressed subjects in upright position, the soles in contact with the foot electrodes and the hands grabbing the hand electrodes. The electrodes were connected to the voltage and power supply of the device. The device used segmental multifrequency measurement method. The total body was measured in five segments, upper and lower extremities and trunk, and microprocessor controlled coupling of the electrodes. The multifrequency measurement was conducted by using multiple frequencies at 5, 50, 250, and 500 kHz for each electrode coupling. From the device report, intracellular and extracellular fluid volume, fat mass, percentage body fat (fat-%), and lean body mass were used. The measurements were performed during the third trimester of pregnancy and three-month after delivery at least two hours after ingestion of a light breakfast and after voiding the urinary bladder before the measurement.

Fasting blood samples were drawn from each subject during pregnancy and three months postpartum. Venous blood samples were drawn from the right antecubital vein of recumbent subjects after a 12-hour overnight fast for determination of serum hsCRP, TNF-*α*, and IL-6, and serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations. Serum was separated by centrifugation and samples were stored frozen (−70°C) until analysis. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were assayed by standard enzymatic photometric methods with Konelab 60i Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Thermo Electron Co., Finland). Serum samples were analyzed by Immage automated analyzer using Beckman Coulter High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRPH) reagents (Beckman-Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA) with working range of 0.2 to 1440 mg/L. Serum samples were analyzed according to the instructions of the manufacturer.

IL-6 was analyzed by R&D Systems Quantikine HS Human IL-6 Immunossay Kit (Minneapolis, USA) with working range of 0.156 to 10 pg/mL. Serum samples were analyzed according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Calibrators (supplied by the manufacturer) were analyzed in duplicate and samples as a single measurements. The absorbance at 490 nm was measured using a microplate reader (Tecan SPECTRAFluor, Tecan Group Ltd., Maennedorf, Switzerland). Serum samples were analyzed by R&D Systems Quantikine HS Human TNF-*α*/TNFSF1A Immunossay Kit (Minneapolis, USA) with working range of 0.5 to 32 pg/mL. Serum samples were analyzed according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Calibrators (supplied by the manufacturer) were analyzed in duplicate and samples as a single measurements. The absorbance at 490 nm was measured using a microplate reader (Tecan SPECTRAFluor, Tecan Group Ltd., Maennedorf, Switzerland).

Ultrasound studies were performed using either Sonoace 6000C (Kretz, Marl, Germany) or Sequoia 512 (Acuson, Mountain View, CA, USA) ultrasound scanner. To assess brachial FMD, the left brachial artery diameter was measured both at rest and after reactive hyperaemia. Increased flow was induced by inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet placed around the forearm to a pressure of 250 mm Hg for 4.5 minutes, followed by release. Three measurements of arterial diameter were performed at end diastole at a fixed distance from an anatomic marker at rest and at 40, 60, and 80 seconds after cuff release. The vessel diameter in scans after reactive hyperaemia was expressed both as change in absolute diameter (FMD) and as the percentage relative to the resting scan (FMD%). After a 10 min wash-out period nitrate (isosorbide dinitrate spray 2.5 mg, Dinit) was administered per os. Nitrate related vasodilatation (NTG%) was assessed from the maximally dilated vessel diameter 3--5 min after nitrate administration relative to vessel diameter at rest before nitrate administration.

Data are presented as means and medians when appropriate. Data normality was examined with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons between the groups were performed with the Kruskall-Wallis test and the mixed models-analysis with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Univariate correlations were performed using Spearman correlation. A computer software program (SPSS 11.5 for windows; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. A probability level \< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3. Results {#sec3}
==========

Clinical characteristics of the mothers and outcome of the neonates are presented in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. The gestational age and birth weight of the neonates were significantly lower in the hypertensive and preeclampsia group than in the reference group, whereas the caesarean section rate was nonsignificantly increased. The mean age of the mothers, gestational age, and BMI before pregnancy were similar in both groups. Smokers were excluded. Blood pressure was significantly elevated in hypertensive group.

Data of the brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation are shown in Tables [2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}(a)--[2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}(c). Endothelial function was somewhat improved during pregnancy compared to non-pregnant state, but the change according to improvement of FMD% was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in FMD between hypertensive pregnancies and preeclampsia and therefore the groups were pooled. FMD was slightly but nonsignificantly higher in hypertensive group than in the reference group during pregnancy and practically equal postpartum.

The concentrations of the hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-*α* are demonstrated in [Table 3](#tab3){ref-type="table"}. All three markers of inflammation were elevated in hypertensive pregnancies compared to the postpartum situation of the same group. Also in normal pregnancies hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-*α* concentrations were increased as compared to postpartum levels, but the differences were less pronounced and nonsignificant.

During normal pregnancy FMD% was associated negatively especially with brachial artery diameter at rest (*R* = −0.623, *P* \< 0.001) and in lesser extent with GTN (*R* = −0.388, *P* = 0.028). Maternal weight near term was negatively associated with FMD% (*R* = −0.449, *P* = 0.041). HDL correlated to the dilation in nitro test. (*R* = 0.364, *P* = 0.041). Levels of hsCRP and IL-6 had a positive association, (*R* = 0.694, *P* \< 0.001) and IL-6 correlated also with gestational age (*R* = 0.418, *P* = 0.021).

3 months after normal pregnancy baseline brachial artery diameter correlated negatively with FMD% (*R* = −0.487,  *P* = 0.016). Dilation in nitro test (endothelium independent vasodilation) correlated positively with blood pressure (*R* = 0.482, *P* = 0.017). We found no explaining factors for markers of inflammation postpartum.

In the group of hypertensive pregnancies brachial artery diameter at rest affected to GTN% (*R* = −0.555, *P* = 0.004) and hsCRP (*R* = −0.459, *P* = 0.021), whereas its association with FMD% was not significant (*R* = −0.177, *P* = 0.388). GTN% was also negatively associated with maternal age (*R* = −0.581, *P* = 0.002). Concentration of IL-6 was again associated with gestational age (*R* = 0.462, *P* = 0.017) and TNF-*α* (*R* = 0.424, *P* = 0.031). Baseline diameter was inversely associated with hsCRP (*R* = −0.459, *P* = 0.021).

Postpartum in the hypertensive pregnancies group FMD% correlated negatively to baseline diameter (*R* = −0.585, *P* = 0.017) and positively to TNF-*α* (*R* = 0.673, *P* = 0.017). Dilation in nitro test was negatively associated to baseline diameter (*R* = −0.671, *P* = 0.006). Concentration of hsCRP was associated with weight (*R* = 0.706, *P* = 0.010).

4. Discussion {#sec4}
=============

The new finding of the present study was that brachial artery FMD was not attenuated in women with mild to moderate preeclampsia and hypertension in pregnancy or postpartum. In earlier studies endothelial dysfunction was present several weeks before clinical manifestation of preeclampsia and also several years after parturition in severe preeclampsia as compared to normal pregnancies \[[@B10]\]. To our knowledge there is only one previous study on the endothelial function in present preeclampsia or pregnancy-related hypertension \[[@B11]\].

The significantly lower birth weight (3597 versus 2907 grams) can be explained with slightly earlier delivery 40 versus 38 weeks in normal versus hypertensive pregnancies and also with placental dysfunction in late pregnancy in hypertensive pregnancies. Partly the difference was iatrogenic as the policy was to induce the labour at the onset of preeclampsia. However, the preeclampsia group of women had mild to moderate disease since in severe disease the protocol of this study would have been too challenging and therefore the differences between the birth weight and weeks at delivery were not clinically relevant.

Koopman et al. investigated microvascular endothelial function in women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with Laser Doppler fluxmetry using iontophoresis of acethylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside, and their finding was that endothelium-dependent (ACh-mediated) vasodilation was significantly increased in women with IUGR \[[@B12]\]. The investigators hypothesised that constant vasoconstriction in microcirculation of the IUGR mothers was the reason to improved endothelial dilation with ACh, indicating that endothelial dysfunction was behind the increased dilation. In the present study we used other methodology and probably the vascular bed also was different from that seen in IUGR, but this is the only study along with the present study showing an increase in endothelium dependent vasodilation not only in normal but also in complicated late pregnancies. Based on our findings we believe that the endothelial dysfunction that no doubt was present in hypertensive, preeclamptic, and also in IUGR pregnancies was not similar to endothelial dysfunction found in cardiovascular diseases and not necessarily even detectable noninvasively in conduit arteries in late pregnancy.

Endothelial dysfunction has been previously shown to be present in obese mothers (BMI \> 30 kg/m^2^) in all three trimesters of pregnancy and four-month postpartum \[[@B13]\], and also in heavy smokers in the third trimester of pregnancy \[[@B14]\]. However, it is likely that the endothelial dysfunction in these cases is related to the metabolic phenotype of these women and not to the placental phenotype. On the other hand, traditional risk factors do not have an effect on endothelial function during pregnancy, since we have shown in a previous cohort study, that despite marked pregnancy-related hyperlipidemia, endothelial function was improved in healthy women and in normal pregnancies \[[@B4]\].

Our present work suggested that endothelial function in conduit arteries is similar in normal and in hypertensive pregnancies. In both groups endothelial function was better during pregnancy than postpartum, and in hypertensive pregnancies endothelial vasodilation after stimulus was even better than in normal pregnancies. The endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancies and in mild to moderate preeclampsia was not detectable in the brachial artery. It is possible that the increased blood flow in hypertensive pregnancies results in increased shear stress and thus even to greater increase in shear-stress mediated increased vasodilation. In a previous study, pulsed Doppler findings of maternal uterine artery, maternal ophthalmic artery, and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation varied among women with preeclampsia showing that there were vascular changes concomitantly or separately in uterus, ophthalmic vessels and conduit arteries \[[@B15]\]. In the microvascular bed, the endothelial dysfunction is easily detectable and the oedema caused by leaking endothelium could interfere with the measurements. Most probably the compromised nitric oxide production causing vasoconstriction is not the only mechanism leading to pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia, as we found increased FMD also in late hypertensive pregnancies.

We found that brachial artery diameter at rest had a negative correlation to FMD, because the small arteries dilate more than the larger ones. In normal pregnancies, near-term weight correlated also negatively to FMD. After hypertensive pregnancies TNF-*α* had a positive correlation to FMD but otherwise the correlations between proinflammatory cytokines and FMD were poor.

In this longitudinal study we found that even in normal pregnancies the third trimester concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-*α* were increased as compared to the postpartum values. The difference during pregnancy was not statistically significant between normal and hypertensive pregnancies though we noticed an increase in hsCRP and IL-6 concentrations in hypertensive pregnancies. This negative result may have occurred due to the type 2 error, meaning that sample size was too small to confirm the difference. From pregnancy to 3-month postpartum all the investigated markers of inflammation declined significantly in hypertensive women. The result verifies that pregnancy-induced hypertension and PE represent to some degree an inflammatory response to the pregnancy. However, the markers of inflammation were measured from systemic blood samples and thus the results do not necessarily represent the concentrations in various tissues as the cytokines are often released locally.

In conclusion, the present study showed that the endothelial response to a hypertensive pregnancy measured by FMD in the brachial artery was somewhat unexpected suggesting rather improvement than attenuation in endothelial function as compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The present findings suggest that instead of endothelial dysfunction in conduit arteries other mechanisms related to systemic inflammation may play more important roles in the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension and mild-to-moderate preeclampsia.

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Kuopio University Hospital (EVO: Grants 5302419 and 5031316), Finnish Cultural Foundation, North Savo Regional Fund, and Finnish Gynaecological Association.

######

Clinical characteristics of the 60 women examined during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Data is presented as means or number of cases (%), minimums, maximums, and standard deviations.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Control, normal pregnancies\   Hypertensive pregnancies\     Preeclamptic pregnancies\     *P* (Kruskall-Wallis test/Chi-square)   Pooled\                       *P* (Mann-Whitney *U*-test)
                                           (*N* = 32)                     (*N* = 16)                    (*N* = 12)                                                            (*N* = 28)
  ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
  Age (years)                              31\                            30\                           32\                           0.565                                   31\                           0.829
                                           (20--39) ± 4.7                 (21--41) ± 5.9                (25--40) ± 5.3                                                        (21--41) ± 5.6

  Gestational age at the examination day   34\                            36\                           33\                           0.027                                   35\                           0.187
                                           (24--38) ± 3.26                (31--38) ± 1.72               (25--39) ± 4.53                                                       (24--39) ± 3.53

  Nulliparous (*n*/%)                      18/56.3%                       14/87.5%                      5/41.7%                       0.031                                   19/68%                        0.356\
                                                                                (Chi-square)

  BMI before pregnancy (kg/m^2^)           22.9\                          24.4\                         25.5\                         0.112                                   24.9\                         0.069
                                           (18.7−28.6) ± 2.91             (19.3−33.8) ± 4.00            (19.7−32.5) ± 3.76                                                    (19.3−33.8) ± 3.87

  Gestational age at birth (weeks)         40 weeks\                      37 weeks\                     39 weeks\                     \<0.001                                 38\                           \<0.001
                                           (38−42) ± 10 days\             (33−39) ± 6 days\             (35−40) ± 11 days\                                                    (33−40) ± 11 days\
                                           (1.4 weeks)                    (0.9 weeks)                   (1.5 weeks)                                                           (1.6 weeks)

  Birth weight (grams)                     3597\                          2754\                         3113\                         \<0.001                                 2907\                         \<0.001
                                           (2360−4700) ± 508              (1775−3620) ± 533             (1975−3960) ± 564                                                     (1775−3960) ± 565

  Caesarean section (*N*/%)                5/15.6%                        6/37.5%                       3/25.0%                       0.134                                   9/32.1%                       0.131\
                                                                                (Chi-square)

  Apgar at age of 1 minute/five minutes    9/9                            9/9                           8/9                           0.276/0.831                             8/9                           0.150/0.370

  Blood pressure                           109/69\                        136/89\                       130/88\                       \<0.001                                 134/89\                       \<0.001
                                           (91−125/57−81) ± 7.53/6.28     (118−149/81−99) ± 9.47/5.55   (107−146/64−99) ± 12.7/11.9                                           (107−149/64−99) ± 11.0/8.70
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

######

\(a\) FMD during pregnancy and postpartum, data are expressed as means, (minimums, maximums) and standard deviations. Normal pregnancies compared to hypertensive pregnancies

                                           FMD (%)                *P*
  ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- -------------
  Control group (*N* = 32/24)              8.8 (−1.5--21) ± 5.1   7.9 (2.9--16) ± 3.5   *P* = 0.439
  Hypertensive pregnancies (*N* = 26/16)   11 (−2.9--24) ± 6.3    8.0 (1.6--16) ± 4.2   *P* = 0.105
  *P*                                      *P* = 0.194            *P* = 0.978

######

\(b\) FMD in normal, hypertensive end preeclamptic women during pregnancy and postpartum. The mean, minimums, maximums, and standard deviations

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Mean baseline diameter of the a. brachialis in pregnancy (mm)   Mean FMD during pregnancy %   Mean FMD in nitrotest during pregnancy   Mean baseline diameter of the a. brachialis postpartum (mm)   Mean FMD postpartum %   Mean FMD in nitro test postpartum
  --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  Normal pregnancy (*N* = 32/24)          0.33 (0.27--0.43) ± 0.04                                        8.8%                          22%                                      0.30 (0.25--0.38) ± 0.03                                      7.9%                    26%

  Hypertensive pregnancy (*N* = 14/9)     0.35 (0.30--0.45) ± 0.04                                        10%                           19%                                      0.32 (0.29--0.36) ± 0.03                                      8.5%                    26%

  Preeclamptic pregnancies (*N* = 12/7)   0.31 (0.24--0.34) ± 0.03                                        11%                           21%                                      0.30 (0.25--0.34) ± 0.04                                      7.2%                    28%

  Difference btw the groups               HT versus PE\                                                   NS/HT versus PE *P* = 0.003   NS                                       NS                                                            NS/NS                   NS
                                          *P* = 0.008

  pregnancy versus postpartum                                                                                Control *P* \< 0.001, HT *P* = 0.001, PE NS                   PE *P* = 0.04           Control *P* = 0.005 HT *P* \< 0.001 PE *P* = 0.004
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

######

\(c\) FMD during pregnancy and postpartum. Means, minimums, and maximums and SDs

                                                                             Pregnancy                  Postpartum                 *P*
  ----------------------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -----------
  Brachial artery diameter at rest (cm)           Control (*N* = 32/24)      0.33 (0.27--0.43) ± 0.04   0.30 (0.25--0.38) ± 0.03   \<0.001\*
  Hypertensive (*N* = 26/16)                      0.33 (0.24--0.45) ± 0.04   0.31 (0.25--0.36) ±0.03    0.011\*
  *P*                                             0.988                      0.534

  Endothelium dependent vasodilation, FMD% (%)    Control (*N* = 32/24)      8.8 (−1.5--21) ± 5.1       7.9 (2.9--16) ± 3.5        0.439
  Hypertensive (*N* = 26/16)                      11.0 (−2.9--24) ± 6.3      8.0 (1.6--16) ± 4.2        0.105
  *P*                                             0.194                      0.978

  Endothelium independent vasodilation, NTG (%)   Control (*N* = 32/24)      22%                        26%                        0.005\*
  Hypertensive (*N* = 26/16)                      20%                        28%                        \<0.001\*
  *P*                                             0.221                      0.421

\*: *P* value \<0.05.

######

Concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-*α* during pregnancy and postpartum. Medians (minimum-maximum).

                                                   Pregnancy          Postpartum        *P*
  -------------------------- --------------------- ------------------ ----------------- -------
  hsCRP (mg/L)               Control *N* = 21/14   3.0 (0.54--13.4)   2.4 (0.22--7.0)   0.212
  Hypertensive *N* = 24/12   4.5 (0.89--38)        0.80 (0.27--5.9)   0.023\*
  *P*                        0.328                 0.879

  IL-6 (pg/mL)               Control *N* = 21/14   1.8 (0.64--5.4)    1.3 (0.31--5.1)   0.118
  Hypertensive *N* = 24/12   2.1 (0.70--11)        1.2 (0.73--3.0)    0.006\*
  *P*                        0.137                 0.879

  TNF-*α* (pg/mL)            Control *N* = 21/14   2.0 (1.2--4.1)     1.8 (1.1--4.0)    0.451
  Hypertensive *N* = 24/12   1.9 (0.88--3.2)       1.5 (0.71--2.1)    0.030\*
  *P*                        0.595                 0.101

\*: *P* value \<0.05.

[^1]: Academic Editor: C. Battaglia


/**
 * Question and Answer Component
 */
/* eslint-disable react/no-danger */
import React from 'react';
import PT from 'prop-types';
import showdown from 'showdown';

import './styles.scss';

const converter = new showdown.Converter();

class QAComponent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      isActive: props.isActive,
    };
  }

  toggleActive() {
    const { isActive } = this.state;
    this.setState({
      isActive: !isActive,
    });
  }

  render() {
    const { data, isLastItem } = this.props;
    const { isActive } = this.state;
    const className = `container ${isLastItem}`;
    return (

 (e.key === 'Enter' ? null : null)}
          styleName={isActive ? 'question active' : 'question'}
          onClick={() => this.toggleActive()}
        >

            { data.title }

    );
  }
}

QAComponent.propTypes = {
  data: PT.shape().isRequired,
  isLastItem: PT.string.isRequired,
  isActive: PT.bool.isRequired,
};

export default QAComponent;


	.globl	_fpgetsticky
_fpgetsticky:
	getpsw	  r0
	and.w	  #0x1f00,r0
	shl.w	  #0xf8,r0
	ret	  #0x0

	.globl	_fpsetsticky
_fpsetsticky:
	 getpsw	  r0
	 mov.w	  [ap],r1
	 shl.w	  #0x8,r1
	 updpsw.h r1,#0x1f00
	 trapfl
	 and.w	  #0x1f00,r0
	 shl.w	  #0xf8,r0
	 ret	  #0x0


President-elect Donald Trump on Wednesday chose former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue to serve as secretary of agriculture in his administration, according to transition officials and media reports.

The announcement fills the last of the remaining positions in Trump's Cabinet.

The nomination of Perdue could be officially announced as soon as Thursday, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported.

Perdue, 70, had emerged as Trump's leading contender to run the agriculture department in recent days, and he is said to have impressed the New York businessman with his experience in public office and in the private sector. The announcement could come as soon as Thursday. Perdue becomes the second Georgian selected to join Trump's Cabinet after U.S. Rep. Tom Price of Roswell was tapped as health secretary.

Perdue became the governor of Georgia in 2002, which made him the first Republican to hold the governorship in the state since Reconstruction. He was previously a state senator in Georgia, first serving as a Democrat until switching parties in 1998. During his time in the state Senate, Perdue helped craft agricultural policy for Georgia.

If confirmed by the Senate to head the Department of Agriculture, Perdue would oversee a budget totaling $150 billion, making it one of the largest federal agencies. The secretary of agriculture is responsible for implementing federal policy regarding farming, forestry, and food.

Perdue interviewed with Trump for the Cabinet-level position near the end of November at Trump Tower.

"He asked me what my skills sets were and I told him what they were, aside from having been governor, as a business person and primarily in agricultural commodities, trading domestically and internationally," Perdue said of the meeting with Trump.

During the 2016 election, Perdue initially supported a variety of other Republican candidates but eventually endorsed and campaigned for Trump during the general election. Perdue served as an adviser to Trump on his agriculture advisory board during the campaign.


Herbicide-tolerant crops can improve water quality

April 22, 2008

The residual herbicides commonly used in the production of corn and soybean are frequently detected in rivers, streams, and reservoirs at concentrations that exceed drinking water standards in areas where these crops are extensively grown.

When these bodies of water are used as sources of drinking water this contamination can lead to increased treatment costs or a need to seek alternative sources of supply. Additionally, these herbicides can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems at concentrations well below their drinking water standards.

When genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant, corn and soybean became commercially available in the 1990s it became possible to replace some of the problematic residual herbicides with strongly sorbed, short half-life, contact herbicides that may be more environmentally benign. By 2004 almost 90% of the soybean grown in the US was genetically modified for tolerance to the contact herbicide glyphosate (Roundup), which is currently the most widely used herbicide in the world.

In a four-year study, researchers at the USDA-ARS’s North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH compared relative losses of both herbicide types when applied at normal rates to seven small watersheds planted with Liberty-Linked corn or Roundup Ready soybean.

In their report, published in the March-April issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality, soil scientists Martin Shipitalo and Lloyd Owens, and agricultural engineer Rob Malone, noted that losses of contact herbicides in surface runoff were usually much less than those for the residual herbicides, as a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied. Averaged for all soybean crop years, glyphosate loss was about one-seventh that of metribuzin and one half that of alachlor, residual herbicides it can replace. Similarly, average loss of the contact herbicide glufosinate (Liberty) was one-fourth that of atrazine, a residual corn herbicide it can replace.

More importantly, according to project leader Martin Shipitalo, “The concentrations of the contact herbicides in the runoff never exceeded their established or proposed drinking water standards while the residual herbicides frequently exceeded their standards, particularly in the first few runoff events after application”. Concentrations of atrazine in runoff were up to 240 times greater than its drinking water standard while alachlor concentrations were up to 700 times greater than its standard. Conversely, the maximum glyphosate concentration noted was nearly four times less than its standard. Glufosinate currently has no established standard, but was only detected at low concentrations and was below its detection limit 80 days after application.

In light of increased economic incentives to grow more corn and soybean for biofuel production, these results suggest to farmers and the regulatory community that herbicide losses and concentrations in runoff can be reduced by planting herbicide-tolerant varieties of these crops and replacing some of the residual herbicides with the contact herbicides compared in this study.

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"You might have eaten teff and not known it."

When people find out I cannot eat gluten, they often say, "Oh, I'm so sorry."

(Not me.)

And the next utterance? "Um, does that mean you are on the Atkins diet?"

Nope. Not even close. Can I eat rice? Yes. Corn? Oh yeah to tortillas. Potatoes? I don't know what I would do without potatoes.

I am not on a low-carb diet. In fact, now that I live gluten-free, I eat more whole grains than ever before. Did you know that many Americans do not eat a single whole grain in a year? Not one. Think about it. How many people grab a toaster waffle for breakfast, a sandwich on white bread for lunch, take-out tacos for dinner? There's a lot of processed wheat in those on-the-run days but not many whole grains.

If I had not been forced to go gluten-free because of my celiac diagnosis, I don't know that I would have ever eaten teff.

Teff is the staple grain of Ethiopia where it has been growing for thousands of years. Because it's labor-intensive to grow and harvest, the grain stayed in the hands of men and women who grew it, rather than being traded to other countries. It took a civil war for the rest of us to find it.

The military junta in charge of Ethiopia after the death of Haile Selassie demanded that farmers stop growing teff and start growing wheat, in order to make money in exports for the economy depleted by war. An American aid worker from Idaho named Wayne Carlson fell in love with the grain and the food made from it after working in Ethiopia in the 1970s. He asked the farmers to share their growing secrets with him. When he left the country, he came home with teff seeds in his suitcase. (Surely the TSA wasn't searching for those.) Carlson began growing teff in Caldwell, Idaho, which has similar growing conditions to the high hills in Ethiopia.

Today, every ounce of teff eaten in the U.S. comes from the seeds Wayne Carlson smuggled back from Ethiopia, and most of it sold through his Teff Company. (I love a food story with rebellion and smuggling involved.)

You might have eaten teff and not known it. Have you ever been to an Ethiopian restaurant with friends? That dark brown, spongy-as-a-yoga-mat flatbread in the middle of the platter surrounded by yellow lentils, sautéed greens, and a big pile of meat? That's injera, a slightly sour flatbread typically made with teff flour. Most U.S. restaurants mix teff flour with wheat flour because the water is different enough (compared to water in Ethiopia) that the injera never comes out quite right. [Gluten-free eaters, be aware of this before you order that veggie combo.] Injera--kind of like a giant crepe, kind of like a dosa--is the center of that table. Everything combines in flavor with the teff bread.

But for most of us, our brief connection with teff ends there. An alluring and exotic meal, a sourdough taste at the back of the mouth, a good memory. Me?

I use teff in nearly everything I bake.

The teff grain is so tiny, it takes three thousand grains to weigh one gram. Can you imagine how fine a flour that makes? If you've ever tried a packaged gluten-free cookie, you know that most of them have the heft of the brick you keep behind the door in case an intruder breaks in. Not much lightness there. However, in combination with other flours, teff can make a lovely bread,a tender pie crust, and crisp little banana pancakes. I throw teff flour into muffins and quick breads. Because the flour is so fine, it almost turns gelatinous when heated, binding the other ingredients together. It's a sort of substitute for gluten that way. I'm convinced that banana bread is actually better gluten-free (with teff) than with wheat flour.

But you don't have to combine gluten-free flours to get some whole grains. Why not try some teff porridge? Each tiny grain of teff contains both the bran and germ, where all the nutrients live. Teff is full of protein and calcium, as well as iron. (One cup of cooked teff contains all the daily iron recommended by the USDA.) Think of the prowess of Ethiopian long-distance runners in world running events--they all grew up eating teff.

And the taste of that porridge? Satisfying and unexpected, something like dark chocolate, a hint of maple syrup. Now, I can't imagine living without it. Once, I did not know it existed.

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The American Athletic Conference announced its men’s basketball all-conference and all-freshman teams in advance of the 2020 Air Force Reserve American Athletic Conference Men’s Basketball championship, to be held March 12-15 at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas.Memphis freshman Precious Achiuwa was named a unanimous first-team all-conference selection, while Achiuwa, UConn’s James Bouknight and Houston’s Caleb Mills were all voted unanimously to the all-freshman squad.Cincinnati, who shared The American’s regular season title with Houston and Tulsa, had two members on the first team, including seniors Jarron Cumberland and Trevon Scott. Cumberland was the 2019 American Player of the Year and was also named to the first team in 2019. He was the league’s Sixth Man of the Year his freshman year.The Golden Hurricane, fresh off claiming its first regular-season title in The American, was represented on the first team by senior Martins Igbanu. UConn’s Christian Vital was also selected to the first team.Houston, which clinched back-to-back regular season crowns, had two selections on the second team with sophomore Nate Hinton and redshirt-freshman Caleb Mills. A pair of seniors, Temple’s Quinton Rose and Wichita State’s Jaime Echenique, joined East Carolina sophomore Jayden Gardner on the second team. Rose was named to the second team in 2019, while Gardner and Hinton were all-freshman team honorees last season.A trio of SMU Mustangs, juniors Tyson Jolly and Isiaha Mike and sophomore Kendric Davis, were named to the third team along with Bouknight and Tulsa junior Brandon Rachal.On the all-freshman team, Achiuwa, Bouknight and Mills were joined by Houston’s Marcus Sasser and Memphis’ Lester Quinones.The awards were voted on by the league’s 12 head coaches.The American will announce its individual awards on Wednesday, March 11.For more information on the 2020 Air Force Reserve American Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Championship, please visit Championship Central at www.theamerican.org/mbb Jarron Cumberland, Sr., G, CincinnatiTrevon Scott, R-Sr., F, CincinnatiChristian Vital, Sr., G, UConnPrecious Achiuwa, Fr., F, Memphis*Martins Igbanu, Sr., F, TulsaJayden Gardner, So., F, ECUNate Hinton, So., G, HoustonCaleb Mills, R-Fr., G, HoustonQuinton Rose, Sr., G, TempleJaime Echenique, Sr., C, Wichita StateJames Bouknight, Fr., G, UConnKendric Davis, So., G, SMUTyson Jolly, Jr., G, SMUIsiaha Mike, Jr., F, SMUBrandon Rachal, Jr., G, TulsaJames Bouknight, G, UConn*Caleb Mills, G, Houston*Marcus Sasser, G, HoustonPrecious Achiuwa, F, Memphis*Lester Quinones, G, Memphis* denotes unanimous selection


Q:

Favourite questions and answers from the 3rd quarter of 2017

We'd once again ask the community for their favourite questions and answers from the past quarter. So please link to your favorite questions and answers which were created from July 1st 2017 through September 30th 2017.
You can use the search to find all the eligible questions and answers. Since we currently get ~1.2k/1.8k questions/answers per quarter, here are some data queries to help with the decision making process:

Questions with most views from 3rd quarter of 2017
Questions with most votes from 3rd quarter of 2017
Answers with most votes from 3rd quarter of 2017

But those are really just hints, feel free to mention any question or answer you really enjoyed. There's also no requirement to only mention one post per meta answer, since this is not a contest of any kind. Just list as many and whatever posts you want. Also don't hesitate to mention questions and answers you posted yourself but which you think didn't get the apreciation they deserved.
And if you feel one of the answers written this quarter even deserves additional credit in the form of a reputation bounty, feel free to also nominate it in the corresponding answer reward contest.

A:

All these questions and answers are my favorite ones.

Catija's answer to How exactly are subtitles and closed captions written for movies? that shares quite nice details about subtitles that I was curious about.
Paulie_D's answer to Why did John Doe appear as press photographer?.
Gnemlock's answer to Has an actor ever played a woman, or an actress a man, in a non-comedic/horror way? asked by Ghoti and Chips.
Sinister's answer to Why is the movie titled "The Rum Diary"? asked by Chris Elvis. He gave a nice explanation of this movie title.
And last my own answer to the question How did they film the walks between the Twin Towers in The Walk?. It includes each detail about how this scene was filmed from different sources.


Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors of hypertension in Korea: the Ansan study.
To determine prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and its risk factors in an urban Korean population. A cross-sectional survey in Ansan-city, Korea. Population-based samples of people aged 18-92 years in Ansan-city, Korea, were selected, yielding 2278 men and 1948 women, and their blood pressures were measured using a highly standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg or diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg or reported treatment with antihypertensive medications, and subclassified according to 1999 WHO-ISH guidelines. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) defined as a systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg was also examined. Data were stratified by age and sex. The overall prevalence of hypertension in this study was 33.7%. Among these, 64.9% had Grade 1 hypertension, 22.5% Grade 2, and 12.5% Grade 3. Age-specific prevalence of hypertension increased progressively with age, from 14.19% in 18 to 24 year-olds to 71.39% in those 75 years or older. Hypertension prevalence was significantly higher in men (41.5%) than in women (24.5%) (P < 0.001). Isolated systolic hypertension had significantly lower prevalence (4.33%) within the population, although in the elderly aged 55 years or more it rose by 11.13%. Overall, 24.6% of hypertensive individuals were aware that they had high blood pressure, as much as 78.6% were being treated with antihypertensive medications, and 24.3% were under control. Hypertension awareness as well as treatment and control rates varied by sex, with women higher in all three rates. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, body mass index and abdomen circumference were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension both in men and women. Hypertension is highly prevalent in Korea. Despite the high rate of treatment, the rates of awareness and control are relatively low, suggesting the nationwide demand for preventing and controlling high blood pressure in Korea in order to avert an epidemic of cardiovascular disease.


Updated! Honorary Housewife of the Week: Lindsay Lohan

Girlfriend is a mess. She isn’t even a hot mess anymore because there’s nothing amusing or original about her actions, but she has earned herself a spot as Honorary Housewife of the Week! Here’s why:

1. She’s all over the place literally (until her house arrest, duh) and figuratively. No matter how many chances she’s been given, LiLo just can’t get her sh*t together. At this rate, Lindz is poised to have more mugshots than Marlo Hampton.

2. Despite numerous arrests and probation violations, Lindsay has managed to avoid any serious jail time. The troubled starlet has been in and out of the slammer several times, but the longest time she was actually in jail was for 14 days in 2010 for violating her probation. Like Lindsay, Peter Thomas — Cynthia Bailey’s husband — just avoided his own jail sentence.

3. Lindz is an ace at shameless self-promotion. Like any good h’wife, Lindsay knows the importance of staying relevant. All the time. Whether it’s her line of leggings, her own glowing self-tanning spray, or her Kim Zolciak-esque music career, LiLo is always in the spotlight.

Sidenote: Lindsay even shot a commercial for Beezid.com while under house arrest. We have no idea what Beezid does, but Lindsay approves so we do too!

Congrats on being named our Honorary Housewife of the Week, girl!

Update: Lindsay's house arrest ended on Wednesday, June 29. Just because you aren't confined to your Venice, Calif., townhouse anymore, doesn't mean we think you don't deserve our title!


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Object.keys(newsFeed)

newsFeed.articles.map(article => article)

Object.keys(newsFeed).map(index => [index, newsFeed[index]])

/*
Now practice adding comments to all our algorithms so far by documenting each algorithm as clearly and concisely as possible.

*/


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Red Spray Rose Wristlet - Red-Hot Roses Wristlet.
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Country Basket - Country Days.
They?ve done something special for you. Now, you?d like to do something special for them. How about sending a lively basket of fresh-picked flowers?
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This lovely basket filled with winter flowers will not only warm a room, it will warm up that special someone?s heart, too.
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One Dozen Red Roses - One Dozen Red Roses.
You can never go wrong with roses. Whether you?re sending holiday cheer or a romantic gesture, roses are always the right choice.
One dozen red roses with cedar and Douglas fir arrive in a beautiful clear glass vase tied with a holiday ribbon.
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Dieffenbachia - Dieffenbachia.
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One dieffenbachia plant arrives in a terra-cotta pot with matching saucer.
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Basket with Pink Flowers - Pink Reverence Arrangement.
To show your respect for family and friends, send this beautiful arrangement of pink flowers. They won?t have any doubt about just how much you care.
One arrangement arrives with pink carnations, roses and tiny white spray asters in a natural basket.
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Red Roses & Beads Wristlet - Beads and Red Roses Wristlet.
Red roses are timeless, and sure to please. Toss red ribbons and some pretty red beads into the mix, and this wristlet is one hot pick.
The elastic-style wristlet features red roses, plumosus, salal, red beads, and both sheer and satin red ribbons.
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Rose Topiary - Rose Topiary.
An exquisite choice to express your sentiments to that special someone.
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Dark Lavender Cushion Mum - Purple Chrysanthemum.
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Horizontal Companion Piece - Home Ceremony Companion Piece.
A lovely companion to our larger Home Ceremony Arrangement, or to stand alone... seven varieties of white flowers, accented with ivy and greens.
A design of all-white roses, hydrangea, carnations, Casa Blanca lilies, orchids and snapdragons with green ivy and pittosporum in a simple white urn.
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Teleflora's Bear Hug - Teleflora?s New Baby Bear.
Sending new parents a nice big hug after the birth of their boy or girl is one of the most touching things you can do. (Outside of changing a diaper.)
Larkspur and roses arrive in a glass vase adorned by a cuddly, white Teleflora bear.
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Pink Roses - Pink Birthday Roses.
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Twelve pink roses with waxflower are delivered in a clear glass vase.
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Hand-Tied Rose Bouquet - Rose Touch.
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Each hand-tied bouquet contains red roses nested in ribbon.
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import { Factory } from 'ember-cli-mirage';

export default Factory.extend({
  name: 'nested factory works!'
});


Q:

Function is undefined using javascript

In my ASP.NET page using the following code:
<asp:ScriptManager  ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"></asp:ScriptManager>
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
        function ValMail() {
        var txt = document.getElementById("<%= Email.ClientID%>");
        var Resp = <%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>;
        if (Resp != false)
            txt.nodeValue = "";
            txt.focus();
            };
    </script>
    <asp:Label ID="EmailLabel" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="Email">E-mail:</asp:Label>
    <asp:TextBox ID="Email" runat="server" TabIndex="4" CssClass="textEntry" CausesValidation="True" ></asp:TextBox>
<asp:Button ID="TestButton" runat="server" OnClientClick="ValMail()" />

My problem is that when I click on the button comes to executes the command OnClientClick="ValMail()"
Holds the execution of the program and throw me an error javascript runtime error: ValMail() is undefined
But even sow I'm clicking Ignore and the code goes into the script executes only the line var Resp = <%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>; and nothing from the rest of the code in javascript
I’m completely unfamiliar with javascript coding and most with the thrown errors. Is someone to assist me with that?

A:

I can't explain the "ValMail() is undefined" error. However, if you use your browser's "View Page Source" option I think you'll find that this line:
var Resp = <%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>;

...is sent to the browser as this:
var Resp = True;

or:
var Resp = False;

Either of which is a syntax error in JavaScript because JS is case sensitive and you need a lowercase t or f in the boolean true and false. So either modify that ASP code to put out true or false in all lowercase or add quotes so that JS treats it as a string and then tests as a string with the matching uppercase F:
var Resp = "<%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>";
if (Resp != "False")

Which, given that Resp is only used in one place after its declaration, you could shrink down to:
if ("<%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>" != "False") {

Also I think you want txt.value, not txt.nodeValue.
Finally, judging by the indenting, I suspect you want both lines under the if to belong to the if, in which case they need to be contained in a block designated by { and } - you currently have no opening { which means only the line immediately after the if belongs to it.
Putting that all together:
function ValMail() {
    var txt = document.getElementById("<%= Email.ClientID%>");
    if ("<%IsValidEmail(Email.Text)%>" != "False") {
        txt.value = "";
        txt.focus();
    }
}


█▄██▄█▄█▄▄█▄ S E A T T L E S K Y L I N E █▄█▄█▄█▄██▄

█▄██▄█▄ a t n i g h T t h E s U n i N r e T r e a T m A d e t h E s k Y l i N e l o o K l i k e c R o o K e d t e e T h █▄██▄█

sort by: height sort by: year sort by: floors

v o l u n t e e r p a r k w a t e r t o w e r

b e l l s t p e d e s t r i a n b r i d g e

g a s w o r k s

f r o m a c o l u m b i a c e n t e r b a l c o n y

-- --- -[c-0-m-i-N-g---s-0-o-n]- -- -- --- - -- ||---S---O---D---O------B---Y----- !!!!!!!.!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!? ---L---I---G---H---T------R---A---I---L---|| - -- - -- -- -[c-o-M-i-n-g --s-o-0-N]-- -- - ||------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !!!!!!!.!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!? ------------------------------||

I5 north


Face book is forming an ascending triangle now, can be confirmed with rising bottoums associated with bursts in volume, expected to break 73.9 in 2 days, if not then this pattern most likely is invalid , if it breaks this point next target price is 75.3

Amzn stock is supported by strong uptrend along with good volume since beginning of august, , the stock is expected to reach next Resistance around 323.5 , especially with good sign of MFI,
next resistance level is at 337 , if it breaks this point, this will complete formation of a double buttom pattern that has been forming since may , with target price of 376


Mayawati said today that she would not be attending the All-Party meet called by PM Narendra Modi

Highlights PM has called all-party meet to discuss "one nation, one election"

BSP chief said people's faith in EVMs had dwindled

'One nation, one election' was party of BJP's election manifesto

BSP chief Mayawati said today that she would have attended the all-party meeting called by Prime Minister Narendra Modi if the meeting was about Electronic Voting Machines or EVMs. She described the idea of simultaneous Lok Sabha and assembly polls as a ploy to divert attention from issues like poverty.

Mayawati's comments came hours before the all-party meeting called by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to discuss several issues, including the idea of "one nation, one election", celebration of 150 years of Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary this year and 75 years of Independence in 2022.

The BSP chief alleged that the people's faith in EVMs had dwindled to worrisome levels.

"The stubbornness of conducting elections through electronic voting machines instead of ballot paper is the real threat to democracy and the Constitution of the country," she claimed.

"In these circumstances, if the meeting was convened to deliberate upon this serious issue, then I would have definitely attended it," Mayawati tweeted in Hindi.

"Elections in any democracy can never be a problem, nor the elections should be weighed from the point of view of expenditure and extravagance," she said.

"The 'one nation, one election' is in fact an attempt to divert the attention from burning national issues such as poverty, inflation, unemployment and increase in violence, and is simply an illusion," she alleged.

The 'one nation, one poll', which was part of the Bharatiya Janata Party's Lok Sabha election manifesto, has made the Opposition weary about the prospects.

In August last year, the Law Commission had recommended holding simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and state assemblies to save public money. In its draft recommendations, the commission had said simultaneous polls, with an exception of Jammu and Kashmir, would help the government of the day to focus more on "developmental activities rather than electioneering".

After Modi addressed a NITI Aayog meeting last week, an official release said: "The Prime Minister called for widespread debate and consultations on simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas, keeping in view various aspects such as the resulting financial savings and consequent better utilisation of resources."

The NITI Aayog had last year suggested synchronised two-phase Lok Sabha and Assembly polls from 2024 to ensure minimum campaign-mode disruption to governance.


1
00:00:34,478 --> 00:00:38,478
(泰介)お母ちゃん これ何？

2
00:00:41,218 --> 00:00:43,554
(泰介)お母ちゃん？

3
00:00:43,554 --> 00:00:46,223
(活男)そうめんを
きつね色になるまで炒めて➡

4
00:00:46,223 --> 00:00:49,893
御飯の上に載せて
塩入れて 炊いたんや｡

5
00:00:49,893 --> 00:00:54,231
(静)今日も 貧乏ったらしいなあ｡

6
00:00:54,231 --> 00:00:58,569
(め以子)ああ… そうですよねえ｡

7
00:00:58,569 --> 00:01:05,442
♬～

8
00:01:05,442 --> 00:01:10,581
何や あんた
今日は一席ぶたへんの？

9
00:01:10,581 --> 00:01:15,252
ぶつ？ 何をですか？

10
00:01:15,252 --> 00:01:19,590
お母ちゃん 大丈夫？

11
00:01:19,590 --> 00:01:22,290
何が？

12
00:01:23,927 --> 00:01:30,267
♬～

13
00:01:30,267 --> 00:01:36,540
♬｢突然 偶然 それとも必然？｣

14
00:01:36,540 --> 00:01:42,212
♬｢始まりは 気付かぬうちに｣

15
00:01:42,212 --> 00:01:49,086
♬｢予報通り いかない模様｣

16
00:01:49,086 --> 00:01:55,225
♬｢そんな時こそ 微笑みを｣

17
00:01:55,225 --> 00:02:01,098
♬｢ﾎﾟﾂﾘﾎﾟﾂﾘと町の色
変わってゆけば｣

18
00:02:01,098 --> 00:02:07,571
♬｢傘はなくとも雨空に唄うよ｣

19
00:02:07,571 --> 00:02:13,911
♬｢どんな君でも ｱｲｼﾃｲﾙ｣

20
00:02:13,911 --> 00:02:20,250
♬｢顔を上げてごらん 光が照らす｣

21
00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:26,123
♬｢涙の河も海へと帰る｣

22
00:02:26,123 --> 00:02:35,823
♬｢誰の心も 雨のち晴ﾚﾙﾔ｣

23
00:02:37,534 --> 00:02:39,870
(ため息)

24
00:02:39,870 --> 00:02:43,207
≪(川久保)やっぱり
親しい人が出征してしもて➡

25
00:02:43,207 --> 00:02:46,877
気落ちしてはるんですかね｡
≪(希子)うん…｡➡

26
00:02:46,877 --> 00:02:51,548
源太さん ええ人ですもんね｡

27
00:02:51,548 --> 00:02:54,885
(川久保)君にとってもな｡
(笑い声)

28
00:02:54,885 --> 00:02:56,820
もう…｡
(悠太郎)うん？ どういう事や？

29
00:02:56,820 --> 00:02:59,223
ん… ああ～➡

30
00:02:59,223 --> 00:03:04,094
うち 昔 源太さんの事
ちょっとええなと思っとったんや｡

31
00:03:04,094 --> 00:03:07,898
そうやったんか？
(希子)昔の話よ｡

32
00:03:07,898 --> 00:03:11,568
昔の話が 一番たち悪いんですよ｡

33
00:03:11,568 --> 00:03:13,504
え… えっ？

34
00:03:13,504 --> 00:03:16,240
亜貴… 亜貴代さん？

35
00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:20,577
(希子)亜貴代さん？➡

36
00:03:20,577 --> 00:03:22,513
…やったかなあ？
(笑い声)

37
00:03:22,513 --> 00:03:26,917
言うたんか？ 言うたんか？
(笑い声)

38
00:03:26,917 --> 00:03:32,523
(トラ)<そうだよね｡
ちょっと言いにくいよね｡➡

39
00:03:32,523 --> 00:03:35,192
源ちゃんも心配だけど➡

40
00:03:35,192 --> 00:03:41,064
ｲﾁｺﾞが無くなった事が
やたらに気にかかるだなんて｡➡

41
00:03:41,064 --> 00:03:44,201
あきれられるに決まってるもんね>

42
00:03:44,201 --> 00:03:49,873
けど 何かなあ…｡

43
00:03:49,873 --> 00:03:53,210
<嫌な予感がするんだね>

44
00:03:53,210 --> 00:03:55,210
(足音)

45
00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:01,380
回覧板｡
あ… はい｡

46
00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:05,155
うん？

47
00:04:05,155 --> 00:04:07,090
何ですか？ これ｡

48
00:04:07,090 --> 00:04:11,895
お砂糖の配給制？

49
00:04:11,895 --> 00:04:13,831
多分 これからは➡

50
00:04:13,831 --> 00:04:17,768
砂糖が自由に買えんようになる
って事ちゃうか？

51
00:04:17,768 --> 00:04:24,475
自由に買えない？
多分な｡

52
00:04:24,475 --> 00:04:28,745
お砂糖に
統制がかかるて事ですか!?

53
00:04:28,745 --> 00:04:38,422
(ざわめき)

54
00:04:38,422 --> 00:04:42,392
これ… 何？
(定吉)めいちゃん めいちゃん｡

55
00:04:42,392 --> 00:04:47,531
すごいやろう？ 砂糖 買いに
人 わんさか来とんのや｡

56
00:04:47,531 --> 00:04:51,201
あ… 私も｡

57
00:04:51,201 --> 00:04:53,901
こっちが先や！

58
00:04:57,541 --> 00:05:00,210
(真田)潰れそうなんは
結構あるんですけど｡➡

59
00:05:00,210 --> 00:05:02,880
雲行きが怪しいもんは
うちと同じように➡

60
00:05:02,880 --> 00:05:04,815
資材が間に合わんでっていう
理由ですから｡➡

61
00:05:04,815 --> 00:05:07,217
鉄筋が交付済みでってところは
まず…｡

62
00:05:07,217 --> 00:05:11,088
(相澤)課長！
課長 ｵﾘﾝﾋﾟｯｸの観光客 見込んで➡

63
00:05:11,088 --> 00:05:15,092
大阪駅前に 計画されてた
ﾎﾃﾙなんですけど… これ｡

64
00:05:15,092 --> 00:05:17,227
ｵﾘﾝﾋﾟｯｸの中止にかかわらず➡

65
00:05:17,227 --> 00:05:19,897
計画続行してきた
らしいんですけど➡

66
00:05:19,897 --> 00:05:24,568
それが ここに来て
人手不足で断念するって｡

67
00:05:24,568 --> 00:05:26,503
鉄筋は？

68
00:05:26,503 --> 00:05:29,803
受領済みだそうです｡

69
00:05:36,179 --> 00:05:38,515
よし！ 今から 木崎さんに➡

70
00:05:38,515 --> 00:05:40,450
こっちに来るように言うてくれ｡
はい！

71
00:05:40,450 --> 00:05:43,387
相澤君 ここの社長の情報
集めてくれ｡
了解です｡

72
00:05:43,387 --> 00:05:45,856
佐々木君 関君➡

73
00:05:45,856 --> 00:05:48,556
この前の予算書を修正や！
(２人)はい！

74
00:05:54,531 --> 00:05:56,867
(室井)どうしたの？ めいちゃん｡

75
00:05:56,867 --> 00:06:00,537
(馬介)
砂糖 買えへんかったらしい｡

76
00:06:00,537 --> 00:06:03,440
桜子…｡
(桜子)うん？

77
00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:08,211
どうなっちゃうんだろうねえ？
この国は｡

78
00:06:08,211 --> 00:06:10,547
はあ？

79
00:06:10,547 --> 00:06:15,886
だって お砂糖が
自由に買えなくなったのよ｡

80
00:06:15,886 --> 00:06:18,789
ｲﾁｺﾞも いつの間にか消えてたの｡

81
00:06:18,789 --> 00:06:23,560
これって ものすごく…
ものすごく怖い事じゃない？

82
00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:26,229
ああ… どうどう｡

83
00:06:26,229 --> 00:06:28,899
桜子…｡
(桜子)め以子 め以子 ほら➡

84
00:06:28,899 --> 00:06:32,235
あめ玉｡ ねっ｡

85
00:06:32,235 --> 00:06:35,535
どうどう どうどう どうどう…｡

86
00:06:44,181 --> 00:06:48,481
ほとんど 調教やな｡
うん…｡

87
00:06:53,857 --> 00:06:59,196
なにも泣くほどの事ないじゃない｡
まだ ある所にあるらしいし｡

88
00:06:59,196 --> 00:07:03,496
ああ｡ 配給も
それなりの量はあるらしいで｡

89
00:07:05,535 --> 00:07:10,407
私ね… ず～っと➡

90
00:07:10,407 --> 00:07:14,407
お砂糖に
助けられてきた気がするの｡

91
00:07:16,179 --> 00:07:24,479
つらい時には
いっつも 甘い物が私を…｡

92
00:07:27,557 --> 00:07:30,460
♬～

93
00:07:30,460 --> 00:07:36,366
駄目だって｡
私とは結婚できないんだって｡

94
00:07:36,366 --> 00:07:39,503
お姉さんは意地悪だし
お母さんは いい加減だし➡

95
00:07:39,503 --> 00:07:41,438
妹は卑怯者だし｡

96
00:07:41,438 --> 00:07:46,376
もう みんな 大っ嫌い！

97
00:07:46,376 --> 00:07:50,847
とにかく 私 もう決めたから｡
働くから｡

98
00:07:50,847 --> 00:07:58,522
源ちゃんも ｲﾁｺﾞも お砂糖も…➡

99
00:07:58,522 --> 00:08:03,393
私の大事なものが
どんどん知らないうちに➡

100
00:08:03,393 --> 00:08:07,197
取り上げられてく気がして…｡

101
00:08:07,197 --> 00:08:23,547
♬～

102
00:08:23,547 --> 00:08:27,847
けど まあ 泣く事はないわな｡

103
00:08:32,222 --> 00:08:38,829
でも め以子の人生は
あれが全てだから｡

104
00:08:38,829 --> 00:08:44,701
食べて食べさせて以外
な～んもないんだもん｡

105
00:08:44,701 --> 00:08:48,839
すっからかんなんだもん｡

106
00:08:48,839 --> 00:09:17,701
♬～

107
00:09:17,701 --> 00:09:32,349
♬～(｢暁に祈る｣)

108
00:09:32,349 --> 00:09:34,818
(タネ)ｲﾁｺﾞ作るんやったら
別のもん作ろういうふうに➡

109
00:09:34,818 --> 00:09:37,154
なってきとるみたいでなあ｡➡

110
00:09:37,154 --> 00:09:41,454
手間かかるし おなか膨れへんし
ぜいたくやて｡

111
00:09:43,827 --> 00:09:47,697
<｢日本人なら
ｲﾁｺﾞはできない筈だ｣｡➡

112
00:09:47,697 --> 00:09:52,836
な～んか しっくり来ないよね｡➡

113
00:09:52,836 --> 00:09:55,739
｢日本人なら
ｲﾁｺﾞは食べられない筈だ｣｡➡

114
00:09:55,739 --> 00:10:01,511
いや～ あったら 絶対食べるよね>

115
00:10:01,511 --> 00:10:04,414
(多江)
西門さん ちょうど よかった｡

116
00:10:04,414 --> 00:10:06,383
皆さん 剥がしてくれはる？

117
00:10:06,383 --> 00:10:09,853
新しいん貼って回るん｡
あんさんも手伝うて｡

118
00:10:09,853 --> 00:10:11,853
ああ…｡

119
00:10:14,724 --> 00:10:20,864
え…
ぜいたくは敵になったんですか？

120
00:10:20,864 --> 00:10:24,734
(多江)今更 何 言うてはんの｡

121
00:10:24,734 --> 00:10:29,206
お… お砂糖も ぜいたくやから
規制されたんですか？

122
00:10:29,206 --> 00:10:33,076
当たり前やん｡
砂糖は味をようするだけで➡

123
00:10:33,076 --> 00:10:35,879
骨 弱するし
体には害しかあらへんの➡

124
00:10:35,879 --> 00:10:38,215
知りはらへんの？
えっ？

125
00:10:38,215 --> 00:10:42,886
｢百害あって一利なし｣｡
ぜいたくの極みや｡

126
00:10:42,886 --> 00:10:47,224
いや せやけど お砂糖食べると
元気出るやないですか｡

127
00:10:47,224 --> 00:10:51,561
害ばっかりって事はないと…｡
お国が そう発表したんや｡

128
00:10:51,561 --> 00:10:55,899
砂糖は害やて
こないだ発表したんや｡

129
00:10:55,899 --> 00:10:58,568
ええから はよ貼って｡

130
00:10:58,568 --> 00:11:01,868
皆さん 行きますよ～｡

131
00:11:17,254 --> 00:11:19,554
(木崎)すいません｡

132
00:11:21,591 --> 00:11:24,891
失礼します｡
どうも｡

133
00:11:35,538 --> 00:11:37,474
見事な金継ぎですね｡

134
00:11:37,474 --> 00:11:41,878
(社長)ﾊﾊﾊｯ
それね わての趣味ですねん｡➡

135
00:11:41,878 --> 00:11:50,220
割れた皿でもね やり方次第で
別の違った景色が見えてきよる｡

136
00:11:50,220 --> 00:11:52,920
それが 面白おます｡

137
00:12:00,230 --> 00:12:02,565
(木崎)あっ…｡
話になりまへんなあ｡

138
00:12:02,565 --> 00:12:05,468
その条件では｡
どの辺りがでしょうか？

139
00:12:05,468 --> 00:12:09,906
どの辺りが？
言わな分からんのかいな｡

140
00:12:09,906 --> 00:12:15,245
公定価格で来とるやないか｡
社長 これは 官の仕事ですから｡

141
00:12:15,245 --> 00:12:17,914
自由に予算を
動かす事ができないんです｡

142
00:12:17,914 --> 00:12:21,584
その辺は 勘案して頂けると…｡
ﾊｯﾊｯﾊｯ｡

143
00:12:21,584 --> 00:12:24,254
冗談はやめてくれるか｡

144
00:12:24,254 --> 00:12:28,954
官やいうても
裏から来とるんやろが｡

145
00:12:30,593 --> 00:12:32,862
公定でいくんやったらね➡

146
00:12:32,862 --> 00:12:36,733
それこそ
軍に買い取ってもらいますわ｡➡

147
00:12:36,733 --> 00:12:39,433
帰りぃ｡

148
00:12:47,210 --> 00:12:49,546
(みね)あっ お砂糖 買えた？

149
00:12:49,546 --> 00:12:52,449
ああ いえ｡
どっか買えるとこあります？

150
00:12:52,449 --> 00:12:54,417
この辺やったらねえ…｡

151
00:12:54,417 --> 00:12:58,221
(多江)すんませ～ん｡
これ 配ってくれはる？

152
00:12:58,221 --> 00:13:00,557
え～ 今 回ってると思いますが➡

153
00:13:00,557 --> 00:13:05,228
この度 婦人会では
栄養評議会で考案された➡

154
00:13:05,228 --> 00:13:09,899
興亜建国パンの普及に
協力する事が決まりました｡➡

155
00:13:09,899 --> 00:13:12,802
これ一つで 完全な栄養がとれ➡

156
00:13:12,802 --> 00:13:17,240
しかも 節米になるという
画期的なパンでして｡➡

157
00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:22,112
当婦人会と致しましては
北天満尋常小学校に 300個➡

158
00:13:22,112 --> 00:13:24,581
このパンを
寄付する事となりました｡

159
00:13:24,581 --> 00:13:26,516
(ざわめき)
300…｡

160
00:13:26,516 --> 00:13:28,451
えらい数やねえ｡

161
00:13:28,451 --> 00:13:32,389
そういう訳でして
調理に ご協力頂ける方➡

162
00:13:32,389 --> 00:13:36,860
どなたか
いらっしゃいませんか？➡

163
00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:41,531
最近 小学校では お弁当を持って
こられない生徒も出てきて➡

164
00:13:41,531 --> 00:13:46,403
弁当泥棒なんかも
頻繁に起きてるようなんです｡➡

165
00:13:46,403 --> 00:13:50,703
子どもたちのためにも どなたか！

166
00:13:52,542 --> 00:13:56,212
それで 結局
引き受けてしもたん？

167
00:13:56,212 --> 00:13:59,115
そんなん お弁当
持ってこられへん子がいるって➡

168
00:13:59,115 --> 00:14:03,887
言われたら…｡
人がええですね お姉さんは｡

169
00:14:03,887 --> 00:14:09,559
こまい事やけど 材料て
後で補填してもらえるん？

170
00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:11,494
おかしいやん ねえ？

171
00:14:11,494 --> 00:14:15,899
普及っていうんやったら
普通 出すべきやん ねえ？

172
00:14:15,899 --> 00:14:18,568
お母ちゃん｡
うん？

173
00:14:18,568 --> 00:14:22,568
これ ﾎﾝﾏに合うてる？

174
00:14:27,577 --> 00:14:31,577
これ…
印刷 間違うてるんと違う？

175
00:14:36,386 --> 00:14:38,521
見てなかったん？

176
00:14:38,521 --> 00:14:43,393
配られて すぐお開きやったから｡

177
00:14:43,393 --> 00:14:45,862
えっ 魚粉て…｡

178
00:14:45,862 --> 00:14:47,797
えっ これ 何？

179
00:14:47,797 --> 00:14:49,732
魚粉いうたら…｡

180
00:14:49,732 --> 00:14:54,732
飼料とかに使う あれですよね？

181
00:14:57,207 --> 00:15:05,507
海藻の粉 大豆粉 野菜の切れ端…｡

182
00:15:07,851 --> 00:15:13,151
どんな味か 皆目 分かれへんな｡

183
00:15:15,558 --> 00:15:18,258
あきまへん｡

184
00:15:20,430 --> 00:15:24,130
このパンは あきまへん！

185
00:15:35,495 --> 00:15:37,514
生字幕放送でお伝えします

186
00:15:39,682 --> 00:15:43,069
おはようございます。
イノッチ⇒１月３０日

187
00:15:43,069 --> 00:15:44,687
木曜日の「あさイチ」です。

188
00:15:46,723 --> 00:15:48,475
この時代というのはね、これから

189
00:15:48,475 --> 00:15:50,243
どんどん深刻になっていくわけで

190
00:15:50,243 --> 00:15:52,011
しょうか。

191
00:15:52,011 --> 00:15:53,763
あの中で、あの家族はどうなって

192
00:15:56,232 --> 00:15:57,951
いくのかね、め以子も落ち込んで


Richard Alfred Hunter

Richard Alfred Hunter FRCP (11 November 1923 – 25 November 1981) was a British physician of German origin, and president of the History of Medicine Society of the Royal Society of Medicine from 1972 to 1973.
He was a psychiatrist, historian and book collector.  With his mother, Dr Ida Macalpine, also a psychiatrist, he wrote Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1535 to 1860, Oxford University Press, 1963, using title pages from books in his collection to illustrate this first full chronicle of British psychiatry.  Each book is accompanied by an essay describing its place in medical and social history.  It remains a unique and important source for the history and bibliography of psychiatry in Britain before 1860.

References

Category:Presidents of the History of Medicine Society
Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Category:German physicians
Category:1923 births
Category:1981 deaths


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Ladyfingers Caterers

Planning a wedding can be stressful when you have to deal with countless vendors, some who need much more direction than others. When you choose Ladyfingers Catering, you will be choosing a company that needs only a consultation and taste test before the wedding. On your big day, you will not have to worry about a thing, as this company has served countless weddings before and have become experts. They make your wedding reception dinner the very best it could be by offering delicious meals at affordable prices.

Italian catering is a favorite among couples for their wedding reception for many reasons. This food is always delicious. Italian food includes everything from savory meat dishes, pastas with incredible sauces, pizzas and so much more. This also means that everyone at your event will be able to have food that they love. For any party or event, 518 West Italian Café serves the most flavorful and authentic Italian food possible. You deserve to have the very best food at your reception and this catering company serves just that.

Catering a wedding or large event takes more than simply creating delectable dishes. It takes a company that can deal with the chaos and flow of your big day. Triangle Catering is a local caterer that has extensive experience catering to weddings. They know the importance of making everything go smoothly, on time and with flawless execution. You can relax knowing that this company will serve you and your guests with extreme dedication. Enjoy a relaxed wedding day by choosing this North Carolina catering service.

For delectable catering in Raleigh, NC, countless couples have turned to Rocky Top Catering. The reputation of this company alone makes it worth checking out. They do not serve ordinary dishes, but rather make everything they serve look like a delicious piece of art. You can request BBQ style or to have authentic Mexican food, either way, you will be having culinary masterpieces at your wedding reception. There is no better way to make your event the very best than by providing Rocky Top Catering.

The reason there are catering classics is because they are foods that everyone loves and can be prepared well. BB&Y Café & Catering offers these classics in a buffet style for you and your guests to enjoy. By choosing this company, you ensure that you and everyone else will love the food and be left full and satisfied at the end of the meal. This company has taken the classics and made them even better for a relatively cheap rate per person.

Layton’s Catering is a family business. The chefs and staff are either members of the actual family or have become family by working closely with the team. Since 1991, this Raleigh catering service has been serving every kind of event and gathering possible. Their range of options has made them a local favorite. Though they do have a large menu to choose from, they work to serve their clients completely, which is why they can also customize dishes as well. They have made everything from spicy crawfish dishes to Southern fried chicken.

If you are having a more informal or daytime event, then having a full seated and served dinner might not be appropriate. Corporate Caterers provides large gatherings and events with a buffet style lunch that is delicious and always well presented. This company is consistent in their service, which is why they are often hired for annual corporate events. This company has also made a move toward going green by eliminating the plastic trays and paper bags of the past.

For a more formal and personal experience, choosing Mitchell’s Catering & Events is a must. As far as wedding catering companies in Raleigh go, this one is the most innovative and personalized with legendary service. The days of serving the 80s style shrimp cocktail are over when you see the creations of the top chef. The dishes served by this company are culinary innovations that bring a sense of sophistication and class to your upscale wedding reception, business gathering, reunion or fundraiser.