Iceland: The Next Data Center Frontier?

Strategically located between the US and EU, data centers operations are moving to Iceland for low-cost and renewable energy benefits.

Iceland has become a hot destination. Tourists are drawn by its lush scenery, crisp air, and an attractive exchange rate, but businesses are looking to the Nordic country with an eye towards its energy - green geothermal and hydroelectric energy - and lots of it.

Energy is so abundant and cheap that Tate Cantrell, CTO of Verne Global, owner and operator of a 44-acre data center campus in Keflavik, Iceland, is able to offer competitively low electricity prices up to 20 years from today. "You can't get that kind of price predictability anywhere else in the world. Companies know their IT infrastructure will grow, and that goes along with energy usage," said Cantrell at the Bloomberg Enterprise Technology Summit.

Iceland sits between the world’s two largest data center markets, Europe and North America. Latency from Iceland to NY is near 40 milliseconds, comparable to a trip across US, and it's already very common for enterprises to run applications from the East Coast and West Coast.

In terms of cost predictability, Cantrell explains Europe and North America grids predominantly rely on natural gas and other energy intensive processes with high variable costs. That can wreck havoc on the budgets of data centers. And Iceland's relatively moderate winter temperatures and cool summers save tons on cooling costs.

"Iceland has a 2.5 gigawatt power grid originally built for industrial energy users like aluminum smelters, and there are huge energy resources from rivers and geothermal. So far Iceland has only tapped out one tenth of capacity it can take from the grid, so it really has the ability to scale."

According to Verne Global's findings in 2013, the 10 year energy cost (the length of a standard industry contract) for 1 megawatt of IT load in Keflavik is near $3.5 million, compared to nearly $23 million in London, $20 million in Frankfurt, $12.5 million in Chicago, around $6 million in Oslo, Norway.

A Nordic Migration

Google, Facebook and BMW are among the larger companies moving their data center operations to Nordic counties with the intention of managing their centers at lower costs, as well as utilizing renewable energy resources for that "green" edge.

"People don't really know or care where the data center is," explains Cantrell, instead it becomes about the more robust SLA you can deliver. "Now that the data center is separated from the workflow the next question becomes, 'If I don't care where my data center is, I need to pick the best location from a cost and risk perspective.'"

In evidence of how inconsequential a data center's location can be, Cantrell provides the example of BMW, which as part of an energy efficient vehicle project wanted to ensure the entire manufacturing chain was 100 percent green, and looked to Iceland as an alternative to the data center near their factories in Munich. "They did a lot of due diligence, and ran a blind test with engineers. They did not tell them they switched location and not one person on the team noticed that the applications [including crash simulations, aerodynamic calculations, computer aided design, etc] were being run out of Iceland. And they saved 80 percent on electricity costs."

Cantrell acknowledges the high-performance, low-latency high compute applications for trading are not going abroad any time soon because it lacks the microsecond advantage, but for traders who need to access large data sets and high performance analysis with power-hungry applications, Iceland makes financial sense.

In reflection of Iceland's increasingly popularity for data centers, Verne Global doubled its capacity last year and again in the first half of 2014 year. "We're coming out strong and seeing exponential growth," he adds. "We attribute that growth to rising need for high performance computing. In the next 5-10 years we expect other companies will deploy in Iceland. The enterprises, data center companies, and the end users. It's a nice place to be."
Becca Lipman is Senior Editor for Wall Street & Technology. She writes in-depth news articles with a focus on big data and compliance in the capital markets. She regularly meets with information technology leaders and innovators and writes about cloud computing, datacenters, ... View Full Bio

Using the natural environment to cool a facility is something that datacenter experts have been starting to do in recent years. All I know is, I'd like to get a tour of an Icelandic datacenters, just to see how they work. Plus, I'd get to go to Iceland, which sounds totally cool (no pun intended).

Lower energy costs combined with Iceland's location wbetween Europe and North America makes it attractive a as a data center region.. Though it won't be a place where high speed traders would colocate their servers, 40 milliseconds between NY and Iceland is low enough to conduct research, trade simulations, backtesting and other applications.

The definition of what is a desirable data center location seems to be a constantly shifting target. It's typically driven by cost considerations, but also sometimes by workforce quality (hence the appeal of Ireland in the past decade) and also by politics/geopolitical considerations (hence avoidance of Russia or the Middle East). The appeal of India was cost, but low-cost of the workforce. In Iceland, it's low-cost energy. I'm guessing that right now the workforce is not expensive compared to other markets, but as the economy in Iceland continues to recover I would think that salaries will rise, too.


[Vascular diseases masking malignant tumors of soft tissues].
Two case reports with Myxoid and Pleomorphic varieties of Malign Fibrohistiocytoma are presented. In both cases, the first consult took place in an Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, because their clinical symptoms were similar in the first case to such produced by the arteriovenous fistulas and in the second case, symptoms remaid to an hematoma secondary to a varicose vein rupture. Such rare and malign tumors often are diagnosed as vascular diseases, and they may be discovered in the usual clinical practice, so its important an accurate recognition as well as an adequate treatment.


I didn't realise that there are two lights in the boot as I had only seen the one on the side, and had replaced that one along with the other light's, when I changed the bulbs to blue LED's. I only picked it up last night in the dark when I was putting some gear in the boot and saw a white light shining down from below the shelf. Changed the bulb tonight when I came home from work and it was only a 5 min job.

The glove box light has the slot facing the back of the glove box so it is difficult to get a terminal screwdriver in it due to the lack of space. I do however have a little tool with a hook on it which I placed in the slot and with a little yank, out it popped. All the other's are easily removed. The only bulbs not changed in the interior are the two map lights on the ceiling, as if I turn them, on I will do so to read something, so a white light is best The middle one I changed to a blue led and it all looks a treat.

NO drilling required and no wiring changes either. Simply remove the factory lens assembly from underneath the door using a small flat head screwdriver (one end of the lens is used for removal and easily pops-out), disconnect factory wire connector from the lens, connect the factory wire connector to the new lens, pop back in the new lens, and enjoy. They come marked for Left and Right side to help with identifying which door to put them in based upon the orientation of the logo.

You can order directly from us using the below links, and remember you cannot find these anywhere else:

If we have none in stock we are taking back orders and we highly suggest you take advantage of that.

If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact us.[/quote]

Hey buddy, I just got round to fitting these and I have to say that the effect is awesome. One thing that bothers me is the passenger side is a tad askew. I know it isn't a big deal but it really annoys me. I have attached the passengers side and drivers side as a comparison. What's your thoughts?

If you take the lamp back out of the door but leave it connected, looking at the sides of the light fitting, one side has a hole, using your finger or cotton bud or similar, you can move the film round so that it lines up as you want. Re-fit into door & Bob’s your Pilates instructor

Hey buddy, I just got round to fitting these and I have to say that the effect is awesome. One thing that bothers me is the passenger side is a tad askew. I know it isn't a big deal but it really annoys me. I have attached the passengers side and drivers side as a comparison. What's your thoughts?

DKZ5745 wrote:

If you take the lamp back out of the door but leave it connected, looking at the sides of the light fitting, one side has a hole, using your finger or cotton bud or similar, you can move the film round so that it lines up as you want. Re-fit into door & Bob’s your Pilates instructor

As stated by DKZ5745, the barrel that the film is in can be rotated to your liking by using say a small screwdriver or similar and accessing the barrel (black) from the opening on the side of the lamp assembly.

If you have any issues, please do not hesitate to contact me directly.

Hey buddy, I just got round to fitting these and I have to say that the effect is awesome. One thing that bothers me is the passenger side is a tad askew. I know it isn't a big deal but it really annoys me. I have attached the passengers side and drivers side as a comparison. What's your thoughts?

DKZ5745 wrote:

If you take the lamp back out of the door but leave it connected, looking at the sides of the light fitting, one side has a hole, using your finger or cotton bud or similar, you can move the film round so that it lines up as you want. Re-fit into door & Bob’s your Pilates instructor

As stated by DKZ5745, the barrel that the film is in can be rotated to your liking by using say a small screwdriver or similar and accessing the barrel (black) from the opening on the side of the lamp assembly.

If you have any issues, please do not hesitate to contact me directly.

Steven

I went and dropped the fucker and it smashed into pieces. Do you still have any left?

Hey buddy, I just got round to fitting these and I have to say that the effect is awesome. One thing that bothers me is the passenger side is a tad askew. I know it isn't a big deal but it really annoys me. I have attached the passengers side and drivers side as a comparison. What's your thoughts?

DKZ5745 wrote:

If you take the lamp back out of the door but leave it connected, looking at the sides of the light fitting, one side has a hole, using your finger or cotton bud or similar, you can move the film round so that it lines up as you want. Re-fit into door & Bob’s your Pilates instructor

As stated by DKZ5745, the barrel that the film is in can be rotated to your liking by using say a small screwdriver or similar and accessing the barrel (black) from the opening on the side of the lamp assembly.

If you have any issues, please do not hesitate to contact me directly.

Steven

I went and dropped the fucker and it smashed into pieces. Do you still have any left?


Q:

Saving and reading data from excel file(C# WPF)

I have to make a simple WPF application that manages and displays some data in form of objects(strings and ints). It needs to be saved in excel format, so that it can me manually opened and viewed by any user with Excel. But because not every user necessarily has Excel it needs to be independent from it. I found very few solutions but none worked for me. This works but as far as I know it needs Excel installed to run.

A:

You can't use  Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel without having Microsoft Office installed.
You can use external libraries that allow xls or xlsx modification without Excel installed:

http://code.google.com/p/excellibrary/
http://simpleooxml.codeplex.com/ (only xlsx)


This paper details the development of a mobile research platform to better understand the relative effectiveness of media channels, and gives case study examples of the impact of this method in the US and Australia. View Summary

This paper details the development of a mobile research platform to better understand the relative effectiveness of media channels, and gives case study examples of the impact of this method in the US and Australia. Businesses are facing new challenges with a range of advertising channels and a shortening consumer attention span. These challenges are not met by traditional research methods that require large budgets or take a long time to conduct. Mobile data collection can address these challenges by providing faster, cheaper and higher quality information from consumers. Examples are given from a rugby league survey in Australia, where it was found that 'in the moment' surveys are possible with even the most avid fans and can generate high levels of engagement; and the US Super Bowl, where it was found that mobile generated a quicker response and identified the most popular ads.

3

World Cup: Is it a good idea? Exploring the degree of Brazilians' optimism

This paper discusses changing attitudes towards Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, examining how these have changed from positive to more negative and how this may impact on sponsoring brands. View Summary

This paper discusses changing attitudes towards Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, examining how these have changed from positive to more negative and how this may impact on sponsoring brands. When the event was first announced, reaction was positive: Brazil was considered successful and a country of the future. The event would be important not only for the economy, but an opportunity for companies and their brands to showcase themselves. However, as time has gone on there have seen a series of situations which have not only saddened and disappointed the Brazilian people, but have also weakened global confidence in the country's ability to host such a large scale global event. The negativity around the World Cup presents challenges for brands, but there are a number of approaches that could be taken to sponsorship, including: avoiding direct associations with FIFA or the World Cup, focussing on the Brazilian team and its players, and focussing on positive features of the population such as its pride, hope and diversity.

This experimental study examined what is the optimal decision for a company whose brand is endorsed by a celebrity immersed in a scandal (revoking versus continuing the endorsement) as a function of brand/endorser fit (congruence versus incongruence) and of the veracity of the negative event created by the celebrity’s reaction (denying versus admitting the facts). View Summary

This experimental study examined what is the optimal decision for a company whose brand is endorsed by a celebrity immersed in a scandal (revoking versus continuing the endorsement) as a function of brand/endorser fit (congruence versus incongruence) and of the veracity of the negative event created by the celebrity’s reaction (denying versus admitting the facts). In the case of congruence, revoking the endorsement is suboptimal with respect to brand attitude and purchase intention. Furthermore, denying lowered the endorser’s trustworthiness which, in turn, hampered attitude and intention. Managerial and theoretical implications, as well as directions for further research, were also considered.

The 2010 NCAA Men's Division 1 Basketball Tournament was aired as a joint venture between CBS Television and Turner Broadcasting. View Summary

The 2010 NCAA Men's Division 1 Basketball Tournament was aired as a joint venture between CBS Television and Turner Broadcasting. The networks used a strategy from the Nielsen Company in order to measure the size and behaviour of the event's audience on in-home television, out-of-home television, online and mobile. The insights include that 176 million fans engaged with the tournament over the two-and-a-half-week period, making it the biggest sporting event of 2010, and over 73 million watched it away from home, a larger number than anticipated. The paper also highlights the effectiveness of Coca-Cola's Coke Zero advertisements which ran during the event, including the fact that the brand's ads achieved a 49% brand recall score with adults 18-49 - some 36% higher than it scored in other televised sporting events.

6

Warning Flags on the Race Track: The Global Markets' Verdict on Formula One Sponsorship

The globalization of media content has encouraged the growth of cross-cultural promotional channels. Yet, empirical evaluations of advertising strategies at an international level are sparse. View Summary

The globalization of media content has encouraged the growth of cross-cultural promotional channels. Yet, empirical evaluations of advertising strategies at an international level are sparse. This study advances research in this emerging area by analyzing the global financial markets’ valuation of commercial sponsorships in Formula One (F1) motor racing. Although previous research indicated that US markets have approved of similar promotional investments, the results of this international event study demonstrated that the market value of firms entering into F1 sponsorships decline upon announcement. The level of investment and nationality congruence of the sponsorship appear to enhance the probability for negative returns in shareholder value.

7

The determinants of the sports team sponsor’s brand equity: a cross-country comparison in Asia

This research attempts to investigate the determinants of a sports team sponsor's brand equity and whether the proposed structural relationships vary across countries. View Summary

This research attempts to investigate the determinants of a sports team sponsor's brand equity and whether the proposed structural relationships vary across countries. Field data are collected from sports team fans in two Asian economies/countries, i.e. Taiwan and Indonesia. According to the findings, in general, team identification and perceived congruence between the sponsor and the sponsored sports team affect the sponsor's credibility, which in turn has an impact on the sponsor's brand equity. 'Country' moderates the above structural relationships. However, the effects of team identification and perceived congruence on the sponsor's credibility do not receive supportive evidence in Taiwan and Indonesia respectively.

8

The Ethics of Celebrity-Athlete Endorsement: What Happens When a Star Steps Out of Bounds?

Celebrity athletes are a mainstay of popular culture and an increasingly important part of the marketing ecosystem. View Summary

Celebrity athletes are a mainstay of popular culture and an increasingly important part of the marketing ecosystem. As product endorsers, they can influence brand attitudes and sales but also have broader societal implications for the firm. The recent string of bad behavior by celebrity athletes raises important ethical questions about firms that use the famous and infamous to endorse branded products. The conceptual framework presented in the current study provides a theoretical approach-based on virtue ethics-for evaluating the retention of tainted celebrity affiliates. This framework is applied to three well-known situations to examine the ethical implications of what initially were good choices for firms, their brands, and their consumers. The overarching goal of this article is to stimulate managers to think more deeply about the interconnections between their core company values, the athlete endorsers they select, and the ultimate effect of those decisions on their brands in the marketplace if things go wrong.

This study investigates brand loyalty and other brand performance metrics in the UK sportswear market. It utilises consumer purchase data kindly provided by Taylor Nelson Sofres. The study finds that empirical regularities discovered by Andrew Ehrenberg and colleagues apply to sportswear brands – including iconic brands such as Nike and Adidas. The main findings are that: (1) sportswear brands enjoy polygamous loyalty from their buyers; (2) the market exhibits the classic double jeopardy pattern whereby smaller brands have slightly lower loyalty; (3) consumers switch between sports brands approximately in line with their market share; and (4) a brand’s performance with respect to any demographic based consumer sub-group is approximately the same as it is in the population generally – that is, sportswear brands tend not to have markedly different appeal to particular demographic segments. Therefore, even iconic brands and self expressive, emblematic product categories show predictable patterns in brand performance. These well-documented empirical patterns should be used by research providers and brand managers to contextualise brand performance.

10

Using global online panels: a comparative study on the Beijing 2008 Olympics

This paper assesses the wider considerations that should be taken into account when using international online access panels. View Summary

This paper assesses the wider considerations that should be taken into account when using international online access panels. In doing so, examines the learnings from a survey on the Olympic Games - The Olympic Interest Survey - which examined how consumers plan to use the internet both up to and during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing. It argues that even when conducting a survey on a topic with global awareness and interest, it is important to vary the survey methodology in recognition of the fact that how people respond will vary by country. Key considerations include understanding what people are likely to have in common, as well as differentiating factors such as levels of online penetration, the use of rewards, screening and localisation. Much like the Olympics themselves, the Olympic Interest Survey demonstrated unity in opinion across nations as well as differences between them: for example, there are greater levels of interest in table tennis in China than elsewhere, and Brazilians' have a particular enthusiasm for volleyball, but almost everywhere the majority of people agreed that television would be the primary means of watching the event, with other media supplementing this coverage.

Teenagers currently spend an estimated $153 billion a year on everything from computers to cars to clothes (Brand, 2000). View Summary

Teenagers currently spend an estimated $153 billion a year on everything from computers to cars to clothes (Brand, 2000). Trend conscious teens are very active in utilizing the media and advertising in seeking out the latest products, services, and fashions (Zollo, 1995). A greater understanding of teens’ role model influences can help organizations and their advertising agencies more effectively target and communicate to this growing market. In this study, we examine the effect of athlete role models on teenagers’ purchase intentions and behaviors. Results from a survey of 218 adolescents are discussed with implications and future research directions for advertising and sports marketing researchers.

This paper compares the intense loyalty achieved by football clubs with brand loyalty. To marketers, football can be regarded as a product sector and football clubs as brands. View Summary

This paper compares the intense loyalty achieved by football clubs with brand loyalty. To marketers, football can be regarded as a product sector and football clubs as brands. However in this context the clubs are unique. They engender phenomenal brand loyalty despite their strengths and weaknesses. This is totally different from almost all other product sectors where brand switching occurs which reflect them. The paper examines whether brands in other sectors can benefit from this traditional loyalty to football brands, debating the reasons for football brand choice, looking at causes for brand loyalty and differences in other sectors. It is shown that certain brands seem to have encompassed attributes which are associated with football and other sectors could benefit from understanding the contributory factors which engender similar responses.

14

The Use of Two-Stage Survey Design in Collecting Data From Those Who Have Attended Periodic or Special Events

Discusses the problems of obtaining satisfactory survey samples of people attending special events, away from their homes. View Summary

Discusses the problems of obtaining satisfactory survey samples of people attending special events, away from their homes. Exit surveys and other attempts to interview on the spot are difficult for several reasons, unless the interviews are very short: the interview environment is too distracting, and the representativeness of the sample cannot be ensured. A good solution is two-stage interviewing, in which basic details such as telephone numbers are obtained on the spot, from which a sample can be selected for interviewing later, e.g. by telephone. The method is illustrated by two examples: a sporting event in a U.S. city, and the annual `Shakespeare on the Green' event in Omaha, Nebraska. The sampling methods used and response rates are described in both cases. Co-operation at Stage 1 proved higher than expected, and by changing the interview environment much better data were collected. Although more expensive than a one-stage method, the cost differential is not as great as might be expected, since pre-recruitment makes the follow-up calls more productive, and extra cost may well be justified by the much higher quality of the data.


Atletico have not said how long they expect him to be absent, however reports in Spain suggest he faces potentially two months out, with the derby against Real Madrid on February 9 a possible target fixture for a return.

Costa's injury will provide Nikola Kalinic with a chance to impress following his arrival from AC Milan in pre-season.

The Croatia international has featured just twice from the start in LaLiga this term and is yet to score.


Exchange interactions in [2 × 2] Cu(II) grids: on the reliability of the fitting spin models.
This paper reports a theoretical analysis of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic Cu(II) [2 × 2] grid. The calculations confirm a quintet (S = 2) ground state and an energy-level distribution of the magnetic states in accordance with Heisenberg behaviour. The whole set of first- and second-neighbour magnetic coupling constants has been evaluated, all in agreement with the structure and arrangement of the Cu 3dx(2) - y(2) magnetic orbitals. The results indicate that the dominant interaction in the system is the ferromagnetic coupling between the nearest Cu sites. The calculated J values suggest a C(2v) spin-spin interaction pattern, instead of the D(4h) model employed in the magnetic data fit. However, both spin models provide similar plots of the thermal dependence of the susceptibility and magnetic moment data. This study highlights the fact that the spin models resulting from the fittings can be just effective models, capable of correctly reproducing the macroscopic properties, although not always in accordance with the microscopic interactions governing these properties.


CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_build(internal, internal, internal)
RETURNS internal
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_insert(internal, internal, internal, internal, internal)
RETURNS boolean
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_beginscan(internal, internal, internal)
RETURNS internal
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_gettuple(internal, internal)
RETURNS boolean
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_rescan(internal, internal)
RETURNS void
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_endscan(internal)
RETURNS void
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_markpos(internal)
RETURNS void
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_restrpos(internal)
RETURNS void
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_bulkdelete(internal, internal, internal, internal)
RETURNS internal
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_vacuumcleanup(internal, internal)
RETURNS internal
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_options(_text, bool)
RETURNS bytea
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bingo_costestimate(internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal)
RETURNS void
AS 'BINGO_PATHNAME'
LANGUAGE C STRICT VOLATILE;

--delete from pg_am where amname='bingo_idx'

INSERT INTO pg_am(
amname,
aminsert,
ambeginscan,
amgettuple,
amgetbitmap,
amrescan,
amendscan,
ammarkpos,
amrestrpos,
ambuild,
ambulkdelete,
amvacuumcleanup,
amcostestimate,
amoptions,
amstrategies,
amsupport,
amcanorder,
amcanbackward,
amcanunique,
amcanmulticol,
amoptionalkey,
amindexnulls,
amsearchnulls,
amstorage,
amclusterable,
amkeytype
)
VALUES (
'bingo_idx',
'bingo_insert(internal, internal, internal, internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_beginscan(internal, internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_gettuple(internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
0,
'bingo_rescan(internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_endscan(internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_markpos(internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_restrpos(internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_build(internal, internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_bulkdelete(internal, internal, internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_vacuumcleanup(internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_costestimate(internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal, internal)'::regprocedure::oid,
'bingo_options(_text, bool)'::regprocedure::oid,
7,
7,
false,
true,
false,
false,
false,
false,
false,
false,
false,
23
);

--**************************** MANGO OPERATOR CLASS *********************
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS molecule
FOR TYPE text USING bingo_idx
AS
        OPERATOR        1       public.@ (text, sub),
        OPERATOR        2       public.@ (text, exact),
        OPERATOR        3       public.@ (text, smarts),
        OPERATOR        4       public.@ (text, gross),
        OPERATOR        5       public.< (text, mass),
        OPERATOR        6       public.> (text, mass),
        OPERATOR        7       public.@ (text, sim),
        FUNCTION	1	matchSub(text, sub),
        FUNCTION	2	matchExact(text, exact),
        FUNCTION	3	matchSmarts(text, smarts),
        FUNCTION	4	matchGross(text, gross),
        FUNCTION	5	_match_mass_less(text, mass),
        FUNCTION	6	_match_mass_great(text, mass),
        FUNCTION	7	matchSim(text, sim);

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS bmolecule
FOR TYPE bytea USING bingo_idx
AS
        OPERATOR        1       public.@ (bytea, sub),
        OPERATOR        2       public.@ (bytea, exact),
        OPERATOR        3       public.@ (bytea, smarts),
        OPERATOR        4       public.@ (bytea, gross),
        OPERATOR        5       public.< (bytea, mass),
        OPERATOR        6       public.> (bytea, mass),
        OPERATOR        7       public.@ (bytea, sim),
        FUNCTION	1	matchSub(bytea, sub),
        FUNCTION	2	matchExact(bytea, exact),
        FUNCTION	3	matchSmarts(bytea, smarts),
        FUNCTION	4	matchGross(bytea, gross),
        FUNCTION	5	_match_mass_less(bytea, mass),
        FUNCTION	6	_match_mass_great(bytea, mass),
        FUNCTION	7	matchSim(bytea, sim);

--**************************** RINGO OPERATOR CLASS *********************
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS reaction
FOR TYPE text USING bingo_idx
AS
        OPERATOR        1       public.@ (text, rsub),
        OPERATOR        2       public.@ (text, rexact),
        OPERATOR        3       public.@ (text, rsmarts),
        FUNCTION	1	matchRSub(text, rsub),
        FUNCTION	2	matchRExact(text, rexact),
        FUNCTION	3	matchRSmarts(text, rsmarts);

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS breaction
FOR TYPE bytea USING bingo_idx
AS
        OPERATOR        1       public.@ (bytea, rsub),
        OPERATOR        2       public.@ (bytea, rexact),
        OPERATOR        3       public.@ (bytea, rsmarts),
        FUNCTION	1	matchRSub(bytea, rsub),
        FUNCTION	2	matchRExact(bytea, rexact),
        FUNCTION	3	matchRSmarts(bytea, rsmarts);


Democrat White, Republican Sanchez in Houston mayor runoff

MICHAEL GRACZYK

Published
6:00 pm CST, Tuesday, November 4, 2003

Associated Press Writer

The race for Houston mayor, already the most expensive in the city's history, is going to get even more costly.

Millionaire former Texas Democratic Party chairman Bill White used his personal wealth as part of a record $6 million yearlong spending spree, falling short of the 50 percent needed to win outright Tuesday but enough to clinch a spot in a runoff where he'll face former city councilman Orlando Sanchez, a Republican.

With all precincts counted, White led Sanchez, 112,866 to 98,565, or 38 percent to 33 percent, in Tuesday's balloting. Eliminated was seven-term state Rep. Sylvester Turner, another Democrat, who had 87,238, or 29 percent, and six other candidates who collected only a handful of votes.

The runoff will be within a month.

White, 49, contributed $2.2 million to his campaign, and more than doubled the spending of his opponents combined. He defended the expenditures in his first run for office as necessary to establish his identity, something Sanchez and Turner, making their second bids to lead the nation's fourth-largest city, already had.

"I'll just do what we've been doing, working every neighborhood, letting people know my background, letting people know the management experience I've had," White said.

"They want real solutions to fixing streets, getting traffic moving and somebody who will improve basic city services. And that's what I'm good at. I think we'll come out ahead."

White, who promised to be independent of party labels, noted his support came from across neighborhood and party lines. The contention was backed up in exit polls taken for the Houston Chronicle, which showed 27 percent of voters who identified themselves as Republicans supported him, while 58 percent of Republicans voted for Sanchez and 8 percent for Democrat Turner. Those polls also showed White got 35 percent of Hispanic voters, 17 percent of black voters, 55 percent of white voters and 70 percent of Asian-American voters.

Sanchez, however, predicted the runoff would be "a completely different race."

"When you're being outspent, and you're neck and neck, that's a good sign," he said. "In the runoff, they don't count money, they count votes. We're going to out to every neighborhood, tell people we're going to cut their taxes, fix their streets…

"We were outspent nearly 4-1. I still believe Houstonians understand the mayor's office is not for sale."

White, 49, is a lawyer, businessman and former deputy energy secretary in the Clinton administration. More recently, he's been president and chief executive officer of a real estate and engineering conglomerate with ties to the energy industry.

Sanchez, 46, born in Cuba and bidding to become Houston's first Hispanic mayor, is managing director of an asset management firm. He served six years on Houston's city council and lost to incumbent Lee Brown in a runoff two years ago. Brown made no endorsements in the race and was barred by term limits from seeking a fourth two-year term.

Although technically nonpartisan, the race took on increased partisan tones with the Harris County GOP aiding Sanchez, who received the endorsement of nearly every Republican statewide office holder in Texas, where the GOP holds every statewide elected post.

Sanchez' campaign turned negative in the final weeks leading up to Tuesday's voting as he branded White a liberal and tied him to Brown's estimated $20 million city budget deficit and to the bankrupt Enron Corp.

White, who considers himself mainstream, a fiscal conservative and disciplined manager, called the attacks ridiculous and inaccurate.


The prediction of the palatability of orally disintegrating tablets by an electronic gustatory system.
In this study, the human gustatory palatability sensation of taste-masked famotidine and amlodipine orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) was quantitatively predicted by an electronic gustatory system (α-Astree e-Tongue). Furthermore, its use in formulation design was evaluated. The famotidine- and amlodipine-containing ODTs, which were bitter- and highly bitter-tasting, respectively, were prepared using a physical (granules spray-coated with ethyl cellulose) or organoleptic (the addition of a sweetener and a flavor) masking method and combinations thereof. The taste-masking effects of different masking methods on the ODTs were investigated in a human gustatory sensation test. In the test, volunteers scored the overall palatability using a 100mm visual analog scale (VAS). The electronic gustatory system was evaluated using the Euclidean distance (the distance between each drug-containing ODT and its corresponding placebo) and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis of the sensor response values. A good linear relationship was observed between each ODT's Euclidean distance analysis, PLS regression analysis, and clinical VAS scores. Cross-validation verification of each analysis confirmed the model's predictive power. This study suggests that the α-Astree can quantitatively evaluate physical and organoleptic taste masking and that the palatability of unknown formulations can be predicted by Euclidean distance and PLS regression data analysis.


"The part of our social order which can or ought to be made a conscious product of human reason is only a small part of all the forces of society"

F A Hayek Road to Serfdom, Yesterday and Today The path to a Global Gulag is paved with failed promises and stern submission. The functions of governments change little over time. Only the intensity of applying current techniques of crowd control evolves for making the task easier to corral the rowdy into prisons of their minds. Force works because people allow themselves to be intimidated and government stooges are willing to rejoice in the celebration of human misery. The police state stems from an entitlement of State tyranny, which justifies its existence based upon an absolutism of authority. Fear keeps people in chains. Denial maintains the illusion that the government is worthy of respect and obedience. Self-loathing drives slobs into debasing their own dignity. Pride in one’s own ignorance spreads the "stuck on stupid" culture. The poverty society grows with every social welfare program. The FEMA dictatorship gives away doublewide trailers as a way to ease overcrowding in the penitentiaries. All in the spirit of state worship for the betterment of humanity and the planet. Does this reality strike a response or are you so dead that nothing penetrates your own version of pathetic desperation? Keep your loyalty fresh by recognizing that your patriotism is often misplaced. Quartering "Red Coats" or rounding up French Quarter Cajuns, the drill does not change. Disarm the public not just their guns, but more important their will to resist. can take different forms. "Liberals employed the term most effectively, asserting that an irreconcilable fight raged between two political systems since the American and the French Revolution, a struggle of absolutism and constitutionalism. In a liberal perception, absolutism was not confined to a single governmental form. The French Revolution demonstrated that political freedom was threatened not only by monarchical absolutism but also by democratic absolutism" . Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! , takes place, not just in Putnam's Landing; but in every hamlet and village. Liaison with the government, attend every civic meeting and lobby the ranks of all those condescending politicians; but never become a boisterous constituent. Bodacious Bohemian’s need not apply. Only lock step "sheeple" are suited for advance placement, in the re-education camps, as jailers for the domestic terrorists. Daniel Hannan’s new book, " Reinhard Blänkner warns that Absolutism The New Road to Serfdom: A Letter of Warning to America ", offers this perceptive warning. "Barack Obama born in Kenya? Pah! If anything, he was born in Brussels. The policies his administration is pursuing amount to comprehensive Europeanisation: European carbon taxes, European foreign policy, European healthcare, European daycare, European disarmament, European industrial intervention and, inevitably, European unemployment rates. If there are any Americans reading, I’ve got some bad news for you. I inhabit your future. As a Member of the European Parliament, I have spent eleven years working in precisely the kind of system that you seem intent on creating. I’m not saying that everything in the US is good and everything in the EU is bad, far from it. It’s just that the aspects of Euro-politics which your rulers seem most intent on copying are those which have demonstrably failed: the centralisation of power, higher state spending, welfare dependency, excessive regulation". British MEP Daniel Hannan quotes Doctor Ron Paul and understands the importance of the constitution being a living document, watch this video. By living document, he does not mean that " Black-Robe Tyrants " should pervert the Bill of Rights. Quite to the contrary, while the current climate now allows, The Government Can Use GPS to Track Your Moves , Mr. Hannan champions the best that American stands for. "Government agents can sneak onto your property in the middle of the night, put a GPS device on the bottom of your car and keep track of everywhere you go. This doesn't violate your Fourth Amendment rights, because you do not have any reasonable expectation of privacy in your own driveway - and no reasonable expectation that the government isn't tracking your movements It is a dangerous decision - one that, as the dissenting judges warned, could turn America into the sort of totalitarian state imagined by George Orwell" . In another travesty of justice, an informal hearing (no court stenographer transcribing an official record) in a Rochester courtroom of a NYS Supreme Court judge, the court exerted judicial extortion upon a town municipality. New York State has home rule , which grants broad home rule powers enabling them to provide services to their residents and to regulate the quality of life within their jurisdictions. The case in question has a foreign developer suing the town to grandfather a project that the voters of the district rejected in the last election. The judge is a tool of the corporatists and a devotee of judicial absolutism. His disdain for upholding a clear legal standard is outrageous. The proceedings are a sham. The court and attorney costs could run well over a half a million dollars that might bankrupt the community. The town is economically distressed. It became the target of commercial avarice, with the assistance of government subsidy. Corporate welfare trumps defending the will of the residents. So what is the compelling reason to respect a legal system that makes it up as you go along? Sacrificing the liberty of citizens is sport in the home of the brave judges. The weighted scales in favor of a higher authority of despotism, blinds the myth of justice for all. The insignificant local borough is just another causality in the bigger scheme of regimentation. When reciting the Pledge of Allegiance or singing the Star Spangle Banner, recall the words of Barry Goldwater . He spoke to the ages in his acceptance speech for nomination as President back in 1964. "Now, my fellow Americans, the tide has been running against freedom. Our people have followed false prophets. We must, and we shall, return to proven ways-- not because they are old, but because they are true. We must, and we shall, set the tide running again in the cause of freedom. And this party, with its every action, every word, every breath, and every heartbeat, has but a single resolve, and that is freedom - freedom made orderly for this nation by our constitutional government; freedom under a government limited by laws of nature and of nature's God; freedom - balanced so that liberty lacking order will not become the slavery of the prison cell; balanced so that liberty lacking order will not become the license of the mob and of the jungle . . . Security from domestic violence, no less than from foreign aggression, is the most elementary and fundamental purpose of any government, and a government that cannot fulfill that purpose is one that cannot long command the loyalty of its citizens. History shows us - demonstrates that nothing - nothing prepares the way for tyranny more than the failure of public officials to keep the streets from bullies and marauders". Today, the bullies are the government storm troopers of Homeland Security , TSA and TIA . The courts protect the leviathan, even at the expense of a lower food chain unit of government itself. The new form of the Road to Serfdom transcends the economic-terrorism that F A Hayek revealed. The real mob consists of the enforcers that punish anyone, who defends the Bill of Rights. Their jungle resides in the layers of bureaucratic swamps that starve the lowly citizen creatures of the savanna, because they poisoned the water. The marauders are those who bestow an undying fidelity to a false authority. Hannan, Paul and Goldwater all share a correct understanding in the danger of giving aid and support to a profane system of intrusive tyranny that has destroyed the last semblance of individual liberty. The Totalitarian Collectivism , originally imported from across the Atlantic is now homegrown. The devalued government that Mr. Hannan cites in the UK, is a monocracy of central government absolutism. The entire weight of the State is crushing the backs of the serfs. Where will the next generation of Goldwater traditionalists and Paulian liberty champions come from? If the Brits can raise a Daniel Hannan, what is the excuse why America produces only whining cowardly trolls that suck the mother’s milk for crying victimized infants? Grow up and start fighting or stop babbling God Bless America. The nation deserves better. SARTRE – October 3, 2010 “You are the devalued Prime Minister of a devalued Government. You have run our of our money…You cannot spend yourself out of recession or borrow your way out of debt…” Daniel Hannan

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Protein aggregation in inclusion body myositis, a sporadic form among protein aggregate myopathies, and in myofibrillar myopathies--a comparative study.
Protein aggregation has been identified in muscle fibres and, thus, in certain neuromuscular disorders. There are certain similarities between IBM and DRM: midlife or late-onset clinical symptoms, apparently of both sporadic and genetic background, morphologically autophagocytosis by vacuole formation, which is frequent in IBM though rare in DRM, and presence of tubulofilamentous aggregates, which is almost regular in IBM but scantily found in DRM as beta-amyloid components have been identified as accruing proteins, both in IBM and DRM. Previous studies pointed to the hypothesis that clear morphological borders between the two types of diseases--hereditary inclusion body myopathies/myositis and desmin-related myopathies may not exist. Therefore, we analysed and morphologically characterised the spectrum of proteins accumulating in both types of disorders in order to compare them and more clearly define similarities and dissimilarities between these two different groups of protein aggregate myopathies. Previous studies showed that there is an overlap among some of the proteins accruing in these diseases, but there might also be differences in that a large number of proteins found aggregated in desmin-related myopathies had not yet been described in IBM. The aim of describing the comparative protein profiles is to give more insights into the mechanism of protein aggregation within muscle fibres. We studied diagnostic muscle biopsies from 10 sIMB patients and 6 MM patients with histological, histochemical, enzyme histochemical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques using a large number of antibodies. We noticed a partial overlap of protein expression in the two cohorts of patients for sarcomeric, chaperone and mostly for cytoskeletal proteins. In both of the cohorts, the nuclear proteins were absent in the cytoplasmic bodies. A different pattern of immunolabelling was noted for trans-sarcolemmal proteins, constantly enhanced in the inclusion bodies in MM, but never found in IBM, except for delta-sarcoglycan, dysferlin and caveolin. The partial overlap among some of the proteins accruing in these diseases raise the hypothesis that clear nosological borders between s-IBM and MM may not always exist. There are also dissimilarities in the pattern of protein aggregation, suggesting that other additional factors are involved in the pathogenesis.


Ryan Murphy Talks Cory Monteith's Death: 'It Was Like Losing a Child'

Ryan Murphy is opening up about the death of his Glee star Cory Monteith in a new interview three years after the tragic loss.

The television producer talked about the last time he saw Cory, which was when the actor visited the set of The Normal Heart with girlfriend and co-star Lea Michele.

“We hugged, and the last thing he said was ‘I love you, man, and thank you for helping me get better.’ And then the next thing I knew he was dead. It was like losing a child,” Ryan told Entertainment Weekly.

“What started off as being such a great celebration of love and acceptance ultimately became about darkness and death,” Ryan added about moving on with the show after the death. “It was a great lesson in what not to do moving forward. And many of them are my good friends to this day.”


Four people have been shot over a 48-hour period in Sadiq Khan’s London, leaving a teenager dead and a 13-year-old and a 15-year-old with head injuries.

The first victim, 17-year-old Rhyhiem Ainsworth Barton, was shot in Cooks Road, Southwark, on Saturday evening, while playing football.

Witnesses to the killing told the BBC a number of shots were fired during the attack, including one which missed a woman and punched through somebody’s window.

Barton, described as a talented rapper by his godmother, later died from his injuries.

Murders in London Overtake New York for First Time Since 1800 Under Sadiq Khan https://t.co/lvWiKJqH6g — Jack Montgomery ن (@JackBMontgomery) April 1, 2018

The next day, two even younger boys, aged 13 and 15, were shot within minutes of each other in broad daylight in Wealdstone, north-west London.

Both are in hospital being treated for head injuries, although neither are thought to be in a life-threatening condition.

A local shopkeeper said the 13-year-old was “lucky to be alive”, with a bullet appearing to have only grazed the back of his head.

“He was holding his head down [when I saw him],” the shopkeeper told reporters.

“I could not see his face but could see his white T-shirt was proper covered in blood.”

Finally, a member of the public flagged down police on New Cross Road to attend a 22-year-old man suffering from gunshot wounds in the early evening — the last known victim of a weekend of violence when Londoners were supposed to be enjoying a sunny Bank Holiday.

London Hospital Admits Trump Right on Knife Crime Epidemic, Disagrees with Second Amendment Stance https://t.co/aOVLWjjnXk — Breitbart London (@BreitbartLondon) May 5, 2018

The shootings came as establishment politicians and commentators were working themselves into a lather over comments by U.S. President Donald Trump concerning the level of violence in London, delivered at a conference of the National Rifle Association (NRA), which defends and promotes Americans’ constitutional right to keep and bear arms.

Surgeons at a London hospital which President Trump compared to a “war zone” admitted he was right about knife crime in the British capital, but argued that guns were “no solution” to the problem, and that gunshot wounds were more difficult to repair than knife wounds.

The doctors appeared not to understand that President Trump was not advocating for criminals using knives to be given guns instead, but for law-abiding citizens to be allowed to own arms for self-defence.

In any event, the wave of shootings over the past weekend, viewed alongside statistics showing gun crime in London rose by an astonishing 42 per cent from 2015/16 to 2016/17, would appear to suggest that limiting legal access to firearms for ordinary citizens does not deter criminals from using them.

Follow Jack Montgomery on Twitter: @JackBMontgomery


 y  (c) 0.4
b
Let s be 6/27 - 3/135. Which is the closest to 5?  (a) 5  (b) 1/3  (c) s
a
Let i = 0.258 + -0.058. Which is the nearest to 0.2?  (a) i  (b) -4  (c) 0.1
a
Let l = 0.1 + -1.1. Let o = 262/3 - 88. Let b = -1/30 + -7/15. What is the closest to 0.1 in b, l, o?
b
Let d be 1/2*0/3. What is the closest to 0 in d, 0.3, 5?
d
Let i = -44 - -40. What is the closest to 0.01 in -0.1, 2, i?
-0.1
Let k(h) = h**3 + 2*h**2 - 2. Let t be k(-2). Which is the closest to 1?  (a) 0.3  (b) 2/9  (c) t
a
Let f = 1.8 + -1.9. Let w = -4 - -8. What is the nearest to f in w, 0.4, 2/3?
0.4
Let t = -3.22 - -0.22. Let v = -628/5 + 125. Which is the nearest to 1?  (a) 4  (b) t  (c) v
c
Suppose -5*q + 13 = -3*j, j + 4*q - q = 19. Suppose -j*d = -2*k - 9 - 7, k = 5*d - 14. Let o be ((-3)/d - -2)*-6. What is the closest to -1 in o, 5, -4?
o
Let n = 25 + -74/3. Let h be ((-16)/(-12))/(-4) + -1. Let q = -11/6 - h. What is the closest to n in 1/3, q, 3?
1/3
Let d = -246 - -244. Let o = -9 + 4. Which is the nearest to -1?  (a) d  (b) o  (c) 1
a
Let o = 24/65 + -10/13. Let i = -6/43 - -79/258. Which is the nearest to 1/2?  (a) i  (b) o  (c) -0.3
a
Let m be 3*5/(-15) + 2 + -1. Let t be (-34)/(-72) + 2/(-9). What is the nearest to m in -3, -0.2, t?
-0.2
Let y = 0.34 - 0.84. Let a be (2/(-8))/(6/8). What is the closest to -1 in 3/2, a, y?
y
Let l be (-8)/12*(-4)/8. What is the closest to 1 in l, -4, -2?
l
Let p = -11.6 + 8.6. What is the closest to 0 in 0, -4, p?
0
Let y = -1.62 - -1.72. Which is the nearest to 2?  (a) y  (b) -8  (c) 4/3
c
Let a be ((-1)/(-2))/((3 + 0)/3). What is the nearest to 1 in 0, -2/13, a?
a
Let o = -2.1 + 4.1. What is the closest to 0 in o, -1/4, -0.3?
-1/4
Let n be 2/7*(-1)/(-2). Let x = 4 - 3.5. Let o = x + 0. What is the nearest to 2 in n, o, 0?
o
Let q = -0.3 - -1.3. Let u = 0.1 + -0.3. Let l = u + 0.3. What is the nearest to 2 in q, l, 0.3?
q
Suppose 5*d - 8 = 3*d. Suppose 4*v + 17 = -v - 3*z, -d*z - 17 = v. Let h be v/2 - (-2)/8. Which is the closest to h?  (a) -2/9  (b) -1  (c) 1
a
Let x = 57 - 53. Which is the nearest to -5?  (a) -3  (b) x  (c) -1
a
Let x = -38 + 10. Let r = 57/2 + x. Suppose -3*d - 6 = -3*n, -d = d - n + 3. Which is the closest to r?  (a) 5  (b) -1/4  (c) d
b
Let n be 10/25*6/4. Let o = 1/5 - n. Which is the nearest to 0?  (a) o  (b) 2  (c) -4/5
a
Let p(q) = q**3 + 5*q**2 + 2*q - 4. Let w be p(-4). Let s(j) = j**2 + j. Let t be s(-2). What is the nearest to -1 in t, w, -2/5?
-2/5
Let j = 2.4 + -1.8. Let l = j - 1.6. Which is the nearest to -0.3?  (a) l  (b) -1/3  (c) 5
b
Let i = -162 + 814/5. Let q = -0.066 + 6.966. Let g = q + -7. What is the closest to g in i, 2, -3?
i
Suppose 0 = 2*h + h + d + 12, h = -4*d - 4. Which is the closest to 1?  (a) h  (b) 0  (c) 0.4
c
Let n be 12/30 + 236/15610. Let w = -3/223 - n. What is the nearest to -0.1 in w, -2, -3?
w
Let n = 2.57 + 0.43. Let k = -1 - -1.1. Which is the nearest to 3/5?  (a) -2/3  (b) n  (c) k
c
Let v = -11 + 15. What is the nearest to 2 in v, -1, -0.4?
v
Let r = -20.2 + 22. Let j = r + -4.8. What is the nearest to -2 in -5, j, 4?
j
Let h be 3 + 6/(-18) + -3. Let v be (-10 - -1)/(102/(-4)). Let r = v + 5/34. Which is the nearest to r?  (a) -3  (b) -2  (c) h
c
Let f = -26/5 + 5. Which is the nearest to -0.1?  (a) -1  (b) -1/2  (c) f
c
Suppose 4*v - 16 - 56 = 0. Suppose 0 = 8*q - 5*q + v. Which is the nearest to 1?  (a) 4  (b) q  (c) 2
c
Let j be 1 + 3*(-3)/(-27). Let r = -27.7 - -28. What is the closest to 0.1 in r, 1/2, j?
r
Let r be 55 - 57 - (-1)/((-6)/(-20)). What is the closest to 1/4 in r, -0.4, 5?
-0.4
Let m be 1/(-3) + (-14)/(-15). Let d = 0.17 - 0.37. Which is the closest to -0.1?  (a) m  (b) d  (c) 2/7
b
Let x = 0.07 - -0.33. What is the nearest to x in -1/6, 0.5, -4?
0.5
Let w = 1.3 - -1.7. Which is the closest to 2?  (a) w  (b) 4  (c) 1/3
a
Let o be (4/42)/(4 - 55/15). Let j = 0.9 - 0.6. What is the closest to 1 in j, 0.1, o?
j
Let v = -13 - -17. What is the nearest to 1/4 in v, -1/4, 1/5?
1/5
Let l = -71 + 75. Which is the closest to -5?  (a) 0.4  (b) l  (c) -3
c
Let c = 33 + -31. Let p be (-5)/(-2)*(-2)/(-10). What is the nearest to c in 0.3, p, -0.3?
p
Let x = -2 - -1. Let n = -1 - x. Let z = 3 + -2.7. Which is the closest to n?  (a) -2  (b) z  (c) 0
c
Let r = -3 - -2.99. Let f = r + -3.99. Let q be -1*5 + 333/63. Which is the closest to q?  (a) 0.1  (b) -2  (c) f
a
Let y = -1/44 + -21/44. Let b = 0.11 - -3.89. Let m = -4.4 + b. What is the closest to y in -5, -1, m?
m
Let l = 4/7 - 6/7. Let f be 2/56 - (-2)/8. What is the closest to -1/3 in -3, f, l?
l
Let m(w) = -w - 13. Let a be m(-19). What is the nearest to 0.1 in 3, a, 2/11?
2/11
Let t = 3/82 - -19/41. Let p = 1 - 1. What is the closest to -3 in p, t, 5?
p
Let g = 0.2 + -0.4. Let j = g - -0.1. Let x(f) = f**3 - 6*f**2 - 9*f + 9. Let n be x(7). Which is the nearest to j?  (a) 1/5  (b) -0.3  (c) n
b
Let v = 1.9 - 1.9. What is the closest to v in 1, 2, -0.3?
-0.3
Let l be 8/(-40) + 1/5. Let p be 12/(-28)*1/1. What is the nearest to l in p, 2/5, -2/19?
-2/19
Let r = -15 + 12. What is the closest to -2 in -1/3, r, 1?
r
Let a = 564/7 + -81. Suppose 2*c = -6, -5*n = -5*c + c - 2. What is the closest to -2/5 in 4, a, n?
a
Suppose -m - 4*u + 46 = -4*m, 2*m + 4*u + 24 = 0. Let d(n) = -2*n - 28. Let b be d(m). What is the closest to b in -1/3, -2/3, -4?
-1/3
Let v = 0.9 + -1.2. Which is the closest to 2/5?  (a) 0.5  (b) v  (c) 1
a
Let o = -1 + 1. Suppose 34 = 4*i + 2*q + 3*q, -3*q = -6. Suppose -i*s + 8 = -2*s. What is the nearest to o in s, 3, 4/7?
4/7
Let h = 568/61 + -119635/12383. Let t = h - 25295/4872. Let p = 39/8 + t. Which is the nearest to p?  (a) -4/7  (b) 5  (c) -4
a
Let v be (-2)/(-8) - 2/4. Let r = -1 + 2. Which is the closest to v?  (a) 0.1  (b) r  (c) -5
a
Let w = -1.079 - -0.079. What is the closest to -3 in w, -0.5, -3?
-3
Suppose j - 1 = 2*j. Let o be ((-4)/(-36))/(j/(-6)). Which is the closest to 0.1?  (a) 2  (b) o  (c) 0.4
c
Let q = -29/33 - -6/11. Let t = 10 - 10.5. Which is the nearest to 0.1?  (a) -0.1  (b) t  (c) q
a
Let s = 77 + -81. What is the nearest to -0.1 in -2/11, s, -7?
-2/11
Let h(z) = -z + 14. Let f be h(14). Which is the nearest to f?  (a) -5  (b) 1  (c) 6
b
Let h = 0 - -1.4. Let r = h + -0.4. What is the nearest to 0.4 in -5, r, -1?
r
Let k(r) = -r + 8. Let w be k(7). Let m be -3 + (w - -1) + 1. Let p = 0.3 + -0.4. What is the closest to m in 5, p, -2?
p
Let k = -1.2 - -0.2. Let c = 18 + -18. What is the closest to k in c, -3, -0.3?
-0.3
Let n = -4.8 + 2.8. Which is the nearest to 0?  (a) -5  (b) n  (c) -3/4
c
Let v be 3/(2/((-8)/66)). Let k = 0.06 - -0.84. Let p = k - 0.7. Which is the closest to -1?  (a) v  (b) 2  (c) p
a
Let x = 16 - 16.08. Which is the nearest to 0.1?  (a) 0.3  (b) 2  (c) x
c
Suppose -3*j = 5*o, -j = -2*j + 5. What is the closest to -1 in -2/7, o, 4?
-2/7
Let p = 39/28 - 8/7. Let t = 0.935 - -0.155. Let f = t - 0.09. What is the closest to f in p, -0.1, 0.5?
0.5
Let r = -16 + 16.12. Let z = r + -0.32. Let g = 5.5 + -5. Which is the closest to -0.1?  (a) z  (b) -5  (c) g
a
Let k = 38 + -42. Which is the nearest to 0?  (a) -2  (b) -0.3  (c) k
b
Let y = 0 - -0.3. What is the nearest to y in -2/5, 0, -5?
0
Let f = -1 - -0.6. Let u = f - -0.1. What is the closest to 0.1 in -2/5, 0.2, u?
0.2
Let q = -21.6 - -22. Which is the closest to -1/4?  (a) 5  (b) -1  (c) q
c
Let s = -1/176 - 345/1232. Let g(f) = f**2 - 10*f + 9. Let h be g(8). Let n be h/14 + (-1 - -1). Which is the nearest to -1/4?  (a) n  (b) -3  (c) s
c
Let g be (-1)/4 - 9/(-36). Which is the closest to g?  (a) -0.3  (b) 0  (c) -2
b
Let z = -79 - -75.1. Let n = z - -4. Which is the nearest to n?  (a) 1/3  (b) 6/5  (c) -1/3
a
Let l = 16 + -19. Let t = l - 0. Let m = 4 - 2. What is the nearest to -0.3 in m, t, 1/6?
1/6
Let d = 7 - -4. Let q be 6/(-9) + d/3. Let v be (q/(-6))/((-1)/8). Which is the nearest to -2/7?  (a) v  (b) 3  (c) -1
c
Suppose -5*g = 0, -3*z + z - 5*g - 12 = 0. Let x = z + 6. What is the nearest to x in -1/3, 3, -5/4?
-1/3
Let n = 0.06 + -3.06. Let s = 0.763 + -5.763. What is the nearest to 2 in s, n, -0.1?
-0.1
Let t = 0.2 - 0.1. Let d = 395 - 4343/11. What is the closest to t in -5, d, 1/4?
d
Suppose -4*m + 5*m + 11 = -4*z, 3*m + 11 = -z. Which is the closest to z?  (a) -3  (b


Trans-10,cis-12-CLA dysregulate lipid and glucose metabolism and induce hepatic NR4A receptors.
Our aim was to assess the effect of two isomers of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), cis-9,trans-11-CLA (c9,t11-CLA) and trans-10,cis-12-CLA (t10,c12-CLA), on glucose metabolism and hepatic expression of NR4A receptors, key transcription factors regulating gluconeogenesis. ApoE-deficient mice were fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous westernized diets enriched with c9,t11-CLA, t10,c12-CLA or linoleic acid (control diet). Plasma glucose, NEFA, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the t10,c12-CLA group compared with c9,t11-CLA or control group. Plasma insulin concentrations were lowered by c9,t11-CLA compared with either control or t10,c12-CLA group. Hepatic expression of NR4A receptors (Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1) was induced by t10,c12-CLA while c9,t11-CLA had not effect. Consistently t10,c12-CLA up-regulated key genes involved in gluconeogenesis including glucose-6-phosphatase, enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase. Hepatic expression of NR4A receptors correlated with plasma NEFA, with the expression of their target gene fatty acid transporter (FAT)/CD36 and with the accumulation of fat in the liver. These results suggest that t10,c12-CLA promote dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, at least in part, by an isomer-specific modulation of hepatic expression of NR4A receptors.


218 Cal.App.3d 342 (1990)
266 Cal. Rptr. 830
PAUL P. FLYNN et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
RICHARD F. PAGE et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Docket No. B034919.
Court of Appeals of California, Second District, Division Three.
February 27, 1990.
*344 COUNSEL
Ward & Jampol and Alan R. Jampol for Plaintiffs and Appellants.
Rich & Ezer and Shelly Jay Shafron for Defendants and Respondents.
OPINION
DANIELSON, Acting P.J.
In April 1982, plaintiffs, cross-defendants and appellants Paul and Sandra Flynn (Flynn) sued defendants, cross-complainants and respondents Richard and Frances Page (Page) for specific performance of a sale agreement and deed of trust, constructive trust, breach of contract, unjust enrichment, rescission and restitution, tortious breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, and negligent misrepresentation. The action arose out of a real estate transaction in which plaintiffs purchased defendants' real property, giving them a note and purchase money deed of trust, and defendants, upon default by plaintiffs, exercised the private power of sale contained in the deed of trust and ultimately purchased the property at the trustee's sale. *345 Page cross-complained for abuse of process, bad faith waste, and malicious prosecution of a bankruptcy action to stay the foreclosure.[1] Flynn's demurrer to the cause of action for abuse of process was sustained without leave to amend.
On March 28, 1987, Flynn's second amended complaint was dismissed for failure to bring the case to trial within five years of the date of filing the original complaint. (Code Civ. Proc., § 583.310.)[2] In July 1987, Flynn moved for leave to file a cross-complaint essentially reiterating the allegations of the second amended complaint, and an amended answer to Page's cross-complaint alleging the same claims as an offset. This motion was denied on August 12, 1987; Flynn's motion for reconsideration of the motion was also denied.
On November 20, 1987, the court granted Page's motion for an award of attorney fees in the amount of $33,140.25 as prevailing party on the second amended complaint.
In January 1988, Flynn moved for summary judgment on Page's second amended cross-complaint, and Page moved for severance of the cross-complaint, revival of the cause of action for abuse of process, and entry of judgment in favor of Page on Flynn's second amended complaint. Both motions were denied by the trial court.
At the mandatory settlement conference relating to Page's second amended cross-complaint, held on March 22, 1988, Page agreed to dismiss the cross-complaint without prejudice, and did so a week later.
Flynn appeals from the judgment entered April 8, 1988, reflecting dismissal of both the complaint and cross-complaint, as well as the award of attorney fees to Page.

CONTENTIONS
Flynn contends the trial court erred in denying Flynn's motions (1) for leave to file a cross-complaint to Page's cross-complaint, asserting the same claims set forth in Flynn's original complaint following its dismissal for failure to bring the case to trial within five years, and (2) for summary judgment on Page's cross-complaint. Flynn also contends the award of *346 attorney fees to Page constituted a deficiency judgment prohibited by Code of Civil Procedure sections 580b and 580d.

DISCUSSION

The Trial Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Denying Flynn's Motion for Leave to File Further Pleadings
Flynn points out that dismissal of the second amended complaint under section 583.310 was without prejudice (Stephan v. American Home Builders (1971) 21 Cal. App.3d 402, 406 [98 Cal. Rptr. 354]), and did not effect a determination on the merits (Gonsalves v. Bank of America (1940) 16 Cal.2d 169, 172 [105 p.2d 118]), and argues that the proffered cross-complaint to Page's second amended cross-complaint was authorized by a combination of several statutes.
Under section 426.30, a party against whom a complaint has been filed and served must "allege in a cross-complaint any related cause of action which (at the time of serving his answer to the complaint) he has against the plaintiff."
Section 426.50 provides: "A party who fails to plead a cause of action subject to the requirements of this article [on compulsory cross-complaints], whether through oversight, inadvertence, mistake, neglect, or other cause, may apply to the court for leave to amend his pleading, or to file a cross-complaint, to assert such cause at any time during the course of the action. The court ... shall grant, upon such terms as may be just to the parties, leave to amend the pleading, or to file the cross-complaint, to assert such cause if the party who failed to plead the cause acted in good faith. This subdivision shall be liberally construed to avoid forfeiture of causes of action."
Here, the causes of action Flynn sought to allege were related to those alleged by Page in the cross-complaint as they arose out of the "same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences...." (§ 426.10, subd. (c).) Therefore, Flynn claims, the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion pursuant to section 426.50 for leave to file the subject cross-complaint.
We find no case, and the parties cite us none, dealing with the question whether a party whose complaint was dismissed because he permitted the five-year period within which to bring his case to trial to expire, may thereafter allege the same causes of action in a cross-complaint to the defendant's cross-complaint.
*347 (1) Under section 428.50,[3] Flynn was required to obtain leave of the trial court to file the proposed cross-complaint. Contrary to Flynn's suggestion, we do not believe the court was compelled by section 426.50, supra, to grant the requested leave. That section refers to a party who fails to plead a cause of action related to the complaint or cross-complaint.[4] Here, the subject causes of action were pled by Flynn, in a complaint dismissed pursuant to section 583.310, supra. Even assuming Flynn could thereafter attempt to initiate a new five-year period by seeking leave to allege the same causes of action in a cross-complaint to Page's cross-complaint, we perceive no abuse of discretion in the trial court's denial of the request.
In enacting the five-year mandatory dismissal statute (former § 583, now §§ 583.310, 583.360),[5] the Legislature determined a delay of five years after the filing of the complaint was unreasonable as a matter of law. (Hsu v. City etc. of San Francisco (1966) 240 Cal. App.2d 317, 322 [49 Cal. Rptr. 531].) In addition, absent Page's pending cross-complaint, Flynn's causes of action would have been barred by the applicable statutes of limitation prior to expiration of the five-year mandatory dismissal period, and could not have been revived.
Finally, the reporter's transcript of the hearing on Flynn's application reflects the trial judge's concern with the fact that the litigation had been pending for over five years, as well as Flynn's failure to make any showing of good cause justifying the filing of the amended pleadings. The judge specifically stated that in making his ruling, he considered the liberal nature of the right to amend and the importance of resolving matters on the merits. The ruling was proper.

*348 The Order Denying the Motion for Summary Judgment Is Not Reviewable on This Appeal

(2) Page's voluntary dismissal of the cross-complaint precluded any award of attorney fees thereon. (Civ. Code, § 1717, subd. (b)(2).)[6] Had Flynn's earlier motion for summary judgment been granted, then Flynn would be the prevailing party on the cross-complaint and, ultimately, the party prevailing on the contract would be "the party who recovered a greater relief in the action on the contract." (Civ. Code, § 1717, subd. (b)(1).) Therefore, Flynn seeks review of the order denying summary judgment.
Our Supreme Court has rejected the suggestion "that in pretrial dismissal cases the court should determine whether, and to what extent, the complaint is meritorious and award attorney fees accordingly" (International Industries, Inc. v. Olen (1978) 21 Cal.3d 218, 224 [145 Cal. Rptr. 691, 577 P.2d 1031]), stating, at pages 224-225 of the cited decision: "to arrive at that determination would require the court to try the entire case. The purpose of litigation is to resolve participants' disputes, not compensate participating attorneys. Our courts are sufficiently burdened without combat kept alive solely for attorney fees. [¶] In pretrial dismissal cases, we are faced with a Hobson's choice of either (1) adopting an automatic right to attorney fees, thereby encouraging the maintenance of pointless litigation and violating the equitable principles which should govern attorney fee clauses, (2) providing for application of equitable considerations, requiring use of scarce judicial resources for trial of the merits of dismissed actions, or (3) continuing the former rule, denying attorney fees in spite of agreement. We are satisfied that concern for the efficient and equitable administration of justice requires that the parties in pretrial dismissal cases be left to bear their own attorney fees, whether claim is asserted on the basis of the contract or [Civil Code] section 1717's reciprocal right."
The same reasoning applies to the question whether, once Page voluntarily dismissed the cross-complaint, we should review the trial court's earlier ruling on Flynn's motion for summary judgment thereon.

The Award of Attorney Fees to Page Did Not Constitute a Deficiency Judgment
(3) Flynn contends the award of attorney fees to Page constituted an impermissible deficiency judgment.
*349 Former section 580b provided, in part: "No deficiency judgment shall lie in any event after any sale of real property ... under a deed of trust ... given to the vendor to secure payment of the balance of the purchase price of real property...." Section 580d formerly provided, in part: "No judgment shall be rendered for any deficiency upon a note secured by a deed of trust or mortgage upon real property hereafter executed in any case in which the real property has been sold by the mortgagee or trustee under power of sale contained in such mortgage or deed of trust." Flynn argues foreclosure of the deed of trust by Page under the private power of sale contained in the trust deed precluded the award of attorney fees to Page, as the award constituted a deficiency judgment.
In Passanisi v. Merit-McBride Realtors, Inc. (1987) 190 Cal. App.3d 1496 [236 Cal. Rptr. 59], the court explained that an award such as that made here "is neither measured by, nor interrelated to, a deficiency on the note. Such an award is not attributable to a general condition of the real estate market, but is the result of the debtor-trustor's voluntary act in bringing an unmeritorious suit which the creditor-beneficiary was required to make expenditures to defend. The judgment for attorney's fees and costs is entirely independent of the problems encompassed by antideficiency legislation and the enforcement of such a judgment will not affect the parity of remedies such legislation is intended to foster. [Citation.]" (Id. at p. 1509.)
Flynn attempts to distinguish Passanisi, in that our case involves a purchase money obligation and an award of attorney fees after, rather than before, the foreclosure sale. The policy behind section 580d, as explained in Passanisi, is equally applicable to the antideficiency provisions of section 580b. Moreover, the fact that the foreclosure sale occurred prior to the award of fees is not determinative. What is determinative is the fact that, had Flynn prevailed on the complaint, Flynn would have been entitled to such an award.

DECISION
The judgment is affirmed.
Arabian, J., and Croskey, J., concurred.
Respondents' petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied May 17, 1990. Arabian, J., did not participate therein.
NOTES
[1]  The property was transferred by Flynn to a corporation, which then filed a petition for reorganization under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. This proceeding was dismissed by the bankruptcy court.
[2]  Unless otherwise indicated, all statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
[3]  Section 428.50: "(a) A party shall file a cross-complaint against any of the parties who filed the complaint or cross-complaint against him or her before or at the same time as the answer to the complaint or cross-complaint. [¶] (b) ... [¶] (c) A party shall obtain leave of court to file any cross-complaint except one filed within the time specified in subdivision (a) or (b). Leave may be granted in the interest of justice at any time during the course of the action."
[4]  "`Complaint' means a complaint or cross-complaint." (§ 426.10, subd. (a).)
[5]  Section 583.310: "An action shall be brought to trial within five years after the action is commenced against the defendant."

Section 583.360: "(a) An action shall be dismissed by the court on its own motion or on motion of the defendant, after notice to the parties, if the action is not brought to trial within the time prescribed in this article. [¶] (b) The requirements of this article are mandatory and are not subject to extension, excuse, or exception except as expressly provided by statute."
[6]  Civil Code section 1717 provides, in part: "(b) ... (2) Where an action has been voluntarily dismissed or dismissed pursuant to a settlement of the case, there shall be no prevailing party for purposes of this section."


# message.read

Read the messages from room or between users

## Route
> GET /v2/messages

## Params
| key            | type               | required | description |
| -------------- | ------------------ | -------- | ------------ |
| _roomId        | ObjectId           | false    | Room id  |
| _storyId       | ObjectId           | false    | Story id |
| _toId/_withId  | ObjectId           | false    | Target user id |
| _teamId        | ObjectId           | false    | Team id    |
| limit          | Number             | false    | Limitation |
| maxDate        | Date               | false    | Max created date |
| _maxId         | ObjectId           | false    | Read the messages before this id, the messages will sort desc by _id      |
| _minId         | ObjectId           | false    | Read the messages after this id, the messages will sort asc by _id        |
| _besideId      | ObjectId           | false    | Read the messages beside this id, the messages will sort asc by _id, the result collection will be twice the length of limit |
| category       | String             | false    | Category of message attachments                                           |
| fileCategory   | String             | false    | Message file category (image, document, media, other)                     |
| _markId        | ObjectId           | false    | Mark id                                                                    |

## Request
```
GET /v2/messages?_roomId=549908a68cd040715c48cadf HTTP/1.1
```

## Response
```json
[
  {
    "_id": "549908a78cd040715c48caf2",
    "room": {
      "_id": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf",
      "email": "room1.r2e29c2a0@talk.ai",
      "team": "549908a68cd040715c48cad3",
      "topic": "room1",
      "pinyin": "room1",
      "creator": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "guestToken": "2e297480",
      "__v": 0,
      "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.856Z",
      "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.856Z",
      "pinyins": [
        "room1"
      ],
      "color": "blue",
      "isArchived": false,
      "isGeneral": false,
      "guestUrl": "http://guest.talk.bi/rooms/2e297480",
      "_creatorId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "_teamId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad3",
      "id": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf"
    },
    "creator": {
      "_id": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "name": "dajiangyou1",
      "pinyin": "dajiangyou1",
      "avatarUrl": "null",
      "email": "user1@teambition.com",
      "__v": 0,
      "globalRole": "user",
      "isRobot": false,
      "pinyins": [
        "dajiangyou1"
      ],
      "from": "register",
      "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.719Z",
      "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.719Z",
      "source": "teambition",
      "id": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1"
    },
    "body": "third",
    "__v": 0,
    "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:07.047Z",
    "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:07.047Z",
    "_roomId": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf",
    "_creatorId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
    "id": "549908a78cd040715c48caf2"
  },
  {
    "_id": "549908a78cd040715c48caf1",
    "room": {
      "_id": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf",
      "email": "room1.r2e29c2a0@talk.ai",
      "team": "549908a68cd040715c48cad3",
      "topic": "room1",
      "pinyin": "room1",
      "creator": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "guestToken": "2e297480",
      "__v": 0,
      "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.856Z",
      "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.856Z",
      "pinyins": [
        "room1"
      ],
      "color": "blue",
      "isArchived": false,
      "isGeneral": false,
      "guestUrl": "http://guest.talk.bi/rooms/2e297480",
      "_creatorId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "_teamId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad3",
      "id": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf"
    },
    "creator": {
      "_id": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
      "name": "dajiangyou1",
      "pinyin": "dajiangyou1",
      "avatarUrl": "null",
      "email": "user1@teambition.com",
      "__v": 0,
      "globalRole": "user",
      "isRobot": false,
      "pinyins": [
        "dajiangyou1"
      ],
      "from": "register",
      "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.719Z",
      "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:06.719Z",
      "source": "teambition",
      "id": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1"
    },
    "body": "second",
    "__v": 0,
    "updatedAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:07.027Z",
    "createdAt": "2014-12-23T06:16:07.027Z",
    "_roomId": "549908a68cd040715c48cadf",
    "_creatorId": "549908a68cd040715c48cad1",
    "id": "549908a78cd040715c48caf1"
  }
]
```


Q:

Resolve order of Promises within Promises

For the below code
function inner () {
  new Promise(function(resolve,reject){
    resolve()
  }).then(function(){
    console.log('Inner Promise')
  })
}
function outer() {
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    resolve()
    inner()
  })
}

outer().then(function(data) {
  console.log('Outer Promise')
})

The output is
Inner Promise
Outer Promise

I thought the outer resolve would be the first to enter the JS Message Queue followed by the inner resolve.
However the JS Event Loop fires the Inner resolve first then followed by Outer resolve.
What does Promise resolve do internally?

A:

In a nutshell, you get the behavior you see because the .then() method on the inner() promise runs first before the .then() method on the outer() promise and thus it's handler gets queued first (see step by step explanation below for why this is).

What does Promise resolve do internally?

resolve() changes the internal state of the promise to Fulfilled.  At that moment, if there are any .then() handlers already attached to the promise, they are added to a queue to be executed when the stack unwinds and the current running path of Javascript finishes and returns control back to the system.  Note, as you will see in this case (when you read the step-by-step analysis below), if there are not yet any .then() handlers that have been registered, nothing can yet be added to the queue.

I thought the outer resolve would be the first to enter the JS Message
  Queue followed by the inner resolve. However the JS Event Loop fires
  the Inner resolve first then followed by Outer resolve.

Promise resolve actions are not added to the queue.  resolve() is synchronous.  It changes the state of the current promise to the Fulfilled state immediately.  If, at the time the promise is resolved, there are any .then() handlers already register, then they are what is added to a queue.  But, in both your promises, at the moment each of your promises are resolved, there are no .then() handlers yet attached.  So, those .then() handlers won't be queued at the point the promise is resolved.  Instead, they will be queued later when the .then() method actually runs and registers them.
Here's a bit of an analysis of how your code runs and a likely explanation:

First you call outer().  This creates a Promise object and synchronously calls the promise executor callback you pass it.
That callback calls resolve() which will queue up the calling of any currently attached .then() handlers.  Note, that at the moment you call resolve(), there are no .then() handlers yet because in this code outer().then(), you're still running outer() and the .then() after it has not yet run so there isn't actually yet anything to queue up yet (this is probably key to the ordering you observe - read on for further details).
Then, the code calls inner().  That creates a new promise and then (still running synchronously) calls the promise executor callback you pass there which calls resolve().  Again, there are not yet any .then() handlers attached so there is still yet nothing else to schedule for future execution.
Now, the Promise executor inside of inner() returns and the .then() method is called on that promise inside of inner().  This promise has already been resolved so, when this .then() handler is called, the promise knows to schedule it to run in the future.  Since all .then() handlers are called asynchronously when the stack has unwound to only platform code, it is not run immediately, but it is scheduled to run in the future by puttiing it in a queue.  It is implementation dependent exactly how this queue works (macro task or micro task, etc...), but we know it is guaranteed by the Promise specification to run after the current synchronous piece of JS code that is executing finishes running and returns control back to the system.
Now inner() returns (code is still running synchronously).
Now outer() returns and the .then() method in outer().then() runs.  Just like in the previous example, when this .then() method is called, the host promise is already resolved.  So, the promise engine will schedule the .then() handler callback to be run by adding it to the queue.
If these two .then() handlers in steps 4 and 6 are queued in the order they were run (which would be the logical implementation), then you would see the .then() handler on inner() run first and then the .then() handler on outer() would run since inner().then() ran first beforeouter().then()`.  That is what you observe.
Even though outer() is resolved before inner() is, at the time outer() is resolved, there are not .then() handlers attached so there is nothing to schedule for future execution when it is resolved.  This is likely why even though it is resolved first, its .then() handlers don't run first.  Once both inner() and outer() are resolved, it is inner's .then() method that runs first, so it gets first crack at scheduling a .then() handler to run and this is what you observe.

You can get some additional context for what's going on by reading and studying these references:
What is the order of execution in javascript promises
Difference between microtask and macrotask within an event loop context.

If you wanted to more explicitly specify that the inner .then() handler would fire first, you can simply chain it to the outer() promise like this:

function inner () {
  return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){
    resolve();
  }).then(function(){
    console.log('Inner Promise')
  })
}
function outer() {
    // Add return here to chain the inner promise
    // make to make sure that outer() does not resolve until
    // inner() is completely done
    return inner();
}

outer().then(function(data) {
  console.log('Outer Promise')
})

If you wanted to guarantee that the outer().then() handler was called first, you'd have to pick a different structure since this structure does not force that type of order in any way and can't be cajoled that direction unless you consciously delay the running of inner() (using a setTimeout() or some such thing) or restructure the code.  For example, if you really wanted to restructure to force inner() to run last, you would kick it off in the outer().then() handler like this:

function inner () {
  return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){
    resolve()
  }).then(function(){
    console.log('Inner Promise')
  })
}
function outer() {
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    resolve()
  })
}

outer().then(function(data) {
  console.log('Outer Promise')
  return inner();
})


Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a single blood test that screens for eight common cancer types and helps identify the location of the cancer.

The test, called CancerSEEK, is a unique, noninvasive test that simultaneously evaluates levels of eight common cancer proteins and the presence of cancer gene mutations from DNA circulating in the blood. The cancers that the test screens for—cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast—account for more than 60 percent of cancer deaths in the United States. Five of the cancers covered by the test currently have no screening test.

CancerSEEK can, in principle, be administered by primary care providers at the time of other routine blood work. The investigators envision that the CancerSEEK test will eventually cost less than $500.

Bert Vogelstein Johns Hopkins professor of oncology "This test represents the next step in changing the focus of cancer research from late-stage disease to early disease, which I believe will be critical to reducing cancer deaths in the long term."

"The use of a combination of selected biomarkers for early detection has the potential to change the way we screen for cancer, and it is based on the same rationale for using combinations of drugs to treat cancers," says Nickolas Papadopoulos, senior author and professor of oncology and pathology at Johns Hopkins.

The findings were published online Thursday by Science.

"Circulating tumor DNA mutations can be highly specific markers for cancer. To capitalize on this inherent specificity, we sought to develop a small yet robust panel that could detect at least one mutation in the vast majority of cancers," says Joshua Cohen, an MD-PhD student at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the paper's first author. "In fact, keeping the mutation panel small is essential to minimize false-positive results and keep such screening tests affordable."

The investigators initially explored several hundred genes and 40 protein markers, whittling the number down to segments of 16 genes and eight proteins. They point out that this molecular test is solely aimed at cancer screening and, therefore, is different from other molecular tests, which rely on analyzing large numbers of cancer-driving genes to identify therapeutically actionable targets.

In this study, the test had greater than 99 percent specificity for cancer. The test was used on 812 healthy controls and produced only seven false-positive results.

"Very high specificity was essential because false-positive results can subject patients to unnecessary invasive follow-up tests and procedures to confirm the presence of cancer," says Kenneth Kinzler, professor of oncology.

The test was evaluated on 1,005 patients with nonmetastatic, stages I to III cancer. The median overall sensitivity, or the ability to find cancer, was 70 percent and ranged from a high of 98 percent for ovarian cancer to a low of 33 percent for breast cancer. For the five cancers that have no screening tests—ovarian, liver, stomach, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers—sensitivity ranged from 69 percent to 98 percent.

Although the current test does not pick up every cancer, it identifies many cancers that would likely otherwise go undetected.

"Many of the most promising cancer treatments we have today only benefit a small minority of cancer patients, and we consider them major breakthroughs," says Bert Vogelstein, professor of oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. "If we are going to make progress in early cancer detection, we have to begin looking at it in a more realistic way, recognizing that no test will detect all cancers.

"This test represents the next step in changing the focus of cancer research from late-stage disease to early disease, which I believe will be critical to reducing cancer deaths in the long term."

Larger studies of the test are currently under way.


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motor drive controller for controlling the drive of a motor while correcting a torque constant which is changed when the motor rotates, and more specifically, to a motor drive controller suitable to control the drive of a one-phase electromagnetic motor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In conventional one-phase electromagnetic motors, a torque constant used as a parameter for controlling the motors is often fixed to a particular torque constant parameter.
Since the torque constant of one-phase electromagnetic motors is indispensable as a known parameter to control the motor, the deviation of this parameter makes the motor control system unstable and causes a deterioration in the shaping property thereof. When the torque constant used as the parameter of control is fixed to a particular torque constant parameter, since the torque constant of one-phase electromagnetic motors greatly changes depending upon the position where it is driven in rotation, the actual torque constant may deviate from a parameter determined in a control calculation. Since the stability of control is lost in such a case, the range in which the motor is driven is restricted.


module FakeS3
  VERSION = "2.0.0"
end