National News

New Monica Lewinsky sex tape reportedly leaked

(Madeleine Morgenstern) A new Monica Lewinsky “sex tape” is reportedly set to drop, featuring a recording of Lewinsky planning an amorous encounter with President Bill Clinton in 1997.

Radar Online published written excerpts of the alleged three-minute recording, which is said to be in Thursday’s new issue of the National Enquirer, but is not online yet.

According to Radar, the former White House intern told Clinton she was “too cute and adorable” to be ignored. Clinton’s voice is not heard.

“I could take my clothes off and start…well…I know you wouldn’t enjoy that? I hope to see you later and I hope you will follow my script and do what I want,” Lewinsky reportedly said in the recording.

Lewinsky reportedly suggested Clinton use his secretary to help orchestrate a covert meetup.

“Now the first thing that has to happen is that you need to pre-plan with Betty that you will leave the office at, I don’t know, at 7, 7:30 so that everyone else who hates me that causes me lots of trouble goes home,” she said. “Then you quickly sneak back and then in the meantime I quickly sneak over and then we can have a nice little visit for, you know, 15 minutes or half an hour. Whatever you want.”

According to Radar, the tape was believed to have been destroyed, but a secret copy was made and is now surfacing.

In it, Lewinsky also reportedly suggested watching a movie with Clinton and having “I don’t know, boxed dinners or something like that.”

“And then that way we don’t have to deal with the problem of me…of there being a record of me going upstairs and we can spend some time together and see a good movie,” she said. “So I don’t know, those are two proposals and you can’t refuse me because I’m too cute and adorable and soon I won’t be here anymore to pop over. … I’m very persistent, but um… I really want to see you.”


Gulf Keystone’s rewards don’t suit a listed firm

AS AN oilman, Todd Kozel, the boss of Gulf Keystone Petroleum, knows a thing or two about extracting things that are buried far from view.

Hardly surprising, then, that the most sensational information in the Aim-listed company’s 2012 results was only to be found deep down in the text. Massive bonuses, expenses, company loans to executives: you name it, it was in there.

No stranger to investor ire about his pay, Kozel may be banking on the idea that shareholder fatigue will allow him to win the day.

He should think again. M&G’s nomination of four new directors in an effort to make Gulf Keystone’s board independent is being backed by a string of other institutions.

The mud-slinging doesn’t stop there, however. People close to the company say it is now trying frantically to discredit the M&G nominees as being riddled with conflicts of interest.

It should concentrate on cleaning up its own affairs. Closer scrutiny of Gulf Keystone’s accounts reveals that it paid Mehdi Varzi, the director who chairs its remuneration committee, more than £700,000 last year, including a £620,000 share bonus.

That is unacceptable, and Kozel must know it. Investors would be doing the entire London market a favour if they engineered Varzi’s exit at the earliest possible opportunity.

If directors want to continue rewarding themselves in this manner, they should first abandon the cowardly approach of slipping the numbers out and hope that nobody is paying attention. Then they should make a reasonable offer and take the company private.

BANKERS WEIGH UP NEW ALLIANCESIf they wanted to shatter the impression of a cosy oligopoly, then fireside chats involving the chief executives of Britain’s six biggest banks were unlikely to achieve it.

Yet until this week, the bank bosses envisaged just such a forum – outside the auspices of the British Bankers’ Association (BBA) – to hammer out a response to last week’s report from the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards.

Not any more. Sources say the taskforce idea has been dropped, partly because the bankers recognised the futility in resisting many of the commission’s proposals.

After Sir Mervyn King’s broadside against bank lobbying, though, questions about the industry’s main trade body continue to hang in the air. Senior bankers are voicing renewed doubts about the value of the BBA as a lobbying vehicle given the extent to which it has become discredited in Westminster.

“There is a feeling that with scores of members of all sizes and nationalities, it is becoming impossible for the BBA to represent us all effectively,” said a director of one of the largest UK banks.

Some are now pledging to fight for a sharp reduction in fees during discussions next year. The BBA’s post-Libor troubles are not over yet.

Yet while the public rhetoric of the regulator’s executives (those were the words of Sir Hector Sants and Martin Wheatley respectively) has quietened in recent months, its behind-the-scenes behaviour has toughened.

A move to force bankers to sign attestations in relation to their firm’s conduct involves numbers far more widespread than previously disclosed.

Understandably, bank executives are less keen to sign on the dotted line, to the extent that some who work for large foreign banks are taking legal advice in an attempt to force the FCA to back down. Let battle commence.


Q:

How was the Roman Princeps Senatus appointed?

In Republican Rome, the princeps senatus (~head of the senate) was supposed to have been nominated by the censors, who were elected every 5 years for 1 and a half years.
What happened when the censors disagreed on the candidates?
Did one censor get to choose first (patrician censor, censor elected with more votes...), or did the senate make a choice and ask the censors to follow?
What happened if a princeps senatus died while there were no censors? Did the consuls choose the new princeps senatus, did the senate do it, or did they have to wait until new censors are elected?

A:

It is not necessarily be problematic if the censors disagreed. Scholars have generally thought that only one censor was chosen by lot to nominate the Princeps Senatus alone. If correct, then in the event of disagreements between the censors, the chosen one would have the final say. Much support for this theory is inferred from the 209 dispute (see below), where one censor was reported to have the choice "by lot".

The role of appointing the princeps senatus was given by lot to one of the censors. The other censor might act in harmony, but legally the one who was given the lot was completely free to choose the man he preferred.
 - Ancient Society. Vol. 5-6. Katholieke Universiteit Te Leuven, 1974. 210.

Granted, this is not undisputed, since most records (where there was any indication at all) seem to suggest both censors agreed on the candidate. One explanation is that the choice belong to one censor, but he is obliged to seek his colleague's consent. Alternatively, it has been theorised that normally, the censors make the appointment jointly, but if the censors could not agree, then the dispute is resolved by lot.

Previous scholars agree that the princeps was apoointed by one censor ...  [But] it cannot be coincidence that the censorship of 209 provides our only example of a dispute de principle legendo and our only instance of sortition in the choice of a princeps. The evidence for the conduct of comitia suggests that there was a resort to the lot (sortitio) only when an agreement (comparatio) could not be made.
 - Ryan, Francis X. Rank and Participation in the Republican Senate. Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998.

Unfortunately we can't know for certain how the nomination operated. Nonetheless, the prevailing understanding of scholars is that a dispute between the censors would be satisfactorily resolved through allotment.

If there was no censors when the position of princeps became vacant, then it appears that no replacement was appointed until the censorship was filled again.

As there was no censorship between 86 and 70, it follows that the post of princeps senatus remained vacant from c. 79/78 at least until the censorship of 70.
 - Tansey, P. "The Princeps Senatus in the Last Decades of the Republic." Chiron 30 (2000): 15-30.

Prior to 209, the oldest living former censor was by tradition appointed the princeps senatus. As a matter of custom, this patrician would be re-nominated to the position until his death, at which point the next most senior former censor succeeds him.
In this year, the first recorded instance of the censors disagreeing on who to nominate as the princeps occurred. M. Cornelius Cethegus argued in support of the tradition of appointing the senior ex-censor, whereas his colleague P. Sempronius Tuditanus supported Q. Fabius Maximus, who was censor in 230. T. Manlius Torquatus, the traditionalist candidate, was senior to Fabius by one year.
After an apparently fierce debate, Sempronius prevailed and Fabius became princeps senatus. The episode is reported by Livy in his Ab Urbe Condita Libri:

The revision of the list of the senate was delayed by a dispute between the censors in regard to the choice of a princeps senatus. The choice belonged to Sempronius; but Cornelius said that they must follow the traditional custom of the senate, namely, to choose as princeps the man who, among the living, had been censor first. That was Titus Manlius Torquatus. Sempronius claimed that if the gods had given a man the choice by lot, they also gave him an unrestricted right; he would make the choice according to his own judgment, and would choose Quintus Fabius Maximus, whom he could prove, even with Hannibal as judge, to be at that time the first citizen of the Roman state. After the war of words had lasted long, his colleague was giving way, and Sempronius chose Quintus Fabius Maximus, the consul, as princeps senatus (Livy, 27.11 9-12).


/*
 * WorldEdit, a Minecraft world manipulation toolkit
 * Copyright (C) sk89q <http://www.sk89q.com>
 * Copyright (C) WorldEdit team and contributors
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

package com.sk89q.worldedit.function;

import com.sk89q.worldedit.WorldEditException;
import com.sk89q.worldedit.function.mask.Mask;
import com.sk89q.worldedit.math.BlockVector3;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

/**
 * Applies a {@link RegionFunction} to the first ground block.
 */
public class GroundFunction implements LayerFunction {

    private Mask mask;
    private final RegionFunction function;
    private int affected;

    /**
     * Create a new ground function.
     *
     * @param mask a mask
     * @param function the function to apply
     */
    public GroundFunction(Mask mask, RegionFunction function) {
        checkNotNull(mask);
        checkNotNull(function);
        this.mask = mask;
        this.function = function;
    }

    /**
     * Get the mask that determines what the ground consists of.
     *
     * @return a mask
     */
    public Mask getMask() {
        return mask;
    }

    /**
     * Set the mask that determines what the ground consists of.
     *
     * @param mask a mask
     */
    public void setMask(Mask mask) {
        checkNotNull(mask);
        this.mask = mask;
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of affected objects.
     *
     * @return the number of affected
     */
    public int getAffected() {
        return affected;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isGround(BlockVector3 position) {
        return mask.test(position);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(BlockVector3 position, int depth) throws WorldEditException {
        if (depth == 0) {
            if (function.apply(position)) {
                affected++;
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

}


Miss Midshipman

Miss Midshipman (German: Fräulein Fähnrich) is a 1929 German silent film directed by Fred Sauer and starring Mary Parker, Willi Forst and Fritz Schulz.

The film's sets were designed by the art director August Rinaldi.

Cast
 Mary Parker as Nanette von Tankerfang
 Willi Forst as Oberleutnant Mellnitz
 Fritz Schulz as Fähnrich Peter Pfiff
 Leo Peukert as Kapitän Strupps
 Johannes Roth as Kasimir Nolpe
 Valeska Stock as Frau Kapitän Strupps
 Ida Wüst as Vorsteherin des Offizierstöchterheims
 Albert Paulig as Admiral von Tankerang
 Karl Platen as Hauswart
 Paul Morgan as Oberstabsarzt
 Fritz Kampers as Sanitätskorporal
 Emmy Wyda as Leiterin des 'Grauen Hauses'

References

Bibliography
 Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.

External links

Category:1929 films
Category:German films
Category:Films of the Weimar Republic
Category:Films directed by Fred Sauer
Category:German silent feature films
Category:Seafaring films
Category:Military humor in film
Category:German black-and-white films


In recent years, “inclusion” has been a buzzword at this University, but concrete steps on making our University more inclusive in reality have been limited. However, Emory students have recently taken action to make that word a little more real.

The 48th Legislature of the Student Government Association (SGA) unanimously passed an amendment on Monday that will change all instances of gender-specific language within the Constitution — such as the pronouns “he” or “she” and “his” or “hers” — to “they,” “them” and “their” in order to be more inclusive towards students with non-binary gender identities. The bill must now win a majority in a University-wide referendum in order to take effect.

We applaud this genuine effort for greater inclusion in the Emory community. The continued normative use of the gender binary in our institutions is a manifestation of gender prejudice and exclusivity against people living outside of the binary genders of “man” or “woman.” Pronouns such as “they,” besides being used as a specific set of pronouns, are able to act as a neutral way to account for the unaccountable variety of different gender identities.

The use of the singular “they” is disputed almost exclusively on grammatical grounds. Its opponents, pointing fingers at grade school English textbooks, adamantly claim that “they” is grammatically incorrect. Strictly speaking on traditional grammatical grounds, they have a point.

However, there already exists in spoken English a common precedent of using the singular they, which has been used as a part of modern English since Shakespeare, and examples of its use can be found in the works of Jane Austen and Walt Whitman, among others.

Finally — and most importantly — when considering the actual lived identities of people, it is disingenuous, not to mention disrespectful, to claim that the constructed rules of grammar prevent recognizing non-binary genders. Besides, it is only a matter of time before the rules of grammar change to accommodate the inclusivity of non-binary gender identities.

We at the Wheel hope that the University recognizes the importance of extending inclusivity to all members of our community and will vote to pass the upcoming referendum, acting on one step in a long process of furthering the work of gender inclusivity at Emory and disrupting longstanding patterns of prejudice.

We also hope that the goal of gender equality does not end simply at language that is gender-inclusive. Trans*, genderqueer and gender nonconforming individuals are still discriminated against off and on Emory’s campus. We encourage the University and SGA to ensure that their efforts to be inclusive of all genders extends to a commitment to educating students about these identities and serving as helpful allies.

The above staff editorials represent the majority opinion of the Wheel’s editorial board.


The shikimate pathway, present in many organisms including plants, links metabolism of carbohydrates to biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. In a sequence of several metabolic steps, primary carbon is converted via shikimate into chorismate, (upper part of FIG. 1). Chorismate then serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (bottom part of FIG. 1). In plants, the products of the shikimate pathway itself as well as the aromatic amino acids produced downstream are involved in the production of multiple secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, lignin, coumarins, indole derivatives and other phenolic compounds. Thus, the Shikimate pathway serves as a bridge between primary and secondary metabolism.
The first committed enzyme of the Shikimate pathway is 3-Deoxy-D-Arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthase (DAHPS), which converts hosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and Erythrose 4-Phosphate (E-4P) into 3-Deoxy-D-Arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate (DAHP) (FIG. 1). Escherichia (E.) coli has three different DAHPS isoenzymes encoded by the AroF, AroG and AroH genes, which encode proteins that are feedback inhibited by the individual aromatic amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp), respectively (Brown, K. Genetics, 1968. 60(1):31-48). The major Phe-sensitive DAHPS isoform, which makes up to 80% of the total E. coli DAHPS activity, is a homo-tetramer protein encoded by the AroG gene (Hu, C. et al., J Basic Microbiol, 2003. 43(5): p. 399-406; Wallace, B. and J. Pittard, J Bacteriol, 1967. 93:237-244). It has also been suggested that the N-terminus as well as the interior regions of this AroG-encoded DAHPS are involved in its feedback inhibition by phenylalanine (Hu et al. 2003, supra; Xu, J. et al., J Basic Microbiol, 2004. 44(5):400-406: Ger, Y. et al., J Biochem, 1994. 116(5):986-990). Mutations replacing a number of amino acids in the AroG-encoded DAHPS, including proline at position 150 to leucine, leucie at position 175 to glutamine, leucine at position 179 to aspartic acid and phenylalanine at position 209 to alanine, significantly reduced the extent of feedback inhibition of 1 mM of phenylalnine while showing kinetic properties similar to the wild type (Xu et al. 2004, supra). These mutations were also associated with significant overproduction of phenylalanine in the bacterial cells (Hu et al. 2003, supra).
European Patent No. 1270721 discloses recombinant DNA sequences encoding feedback inhibition released enzymes, particularly a mutated AroG gene encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulonic acid-7-phosphate synthase, wherein the proline residue 150 is substituted by a leucine residue, plasmids containing these recombinant DNA sequences, microorganisms transformed with these plasmids, and a process for preparing L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine by fermentation.
In contrast to E. coli and many other bacterial species, the allosteric regulation of plant DAHPS is still questionable. (Gilchrist, D. and T. Kosuge, In: B. N. Miflin, ed, the Biochemistry of Plants, Academic Press, New York, 1980. 5:507-531; Herrmann, K. M. and L. M. Weaver, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1999. 50:473-503). It has been described that the in vitro activities of DAHPS from different plant species may be weakly inhibited by Trp and Tyr or weakly activated by either Trp or Tyr. In addition, the activity of the bean (Vigna radiate) DAHPS is weakly inhibited by prephenate and arogenate, the precursors of Phe and Tyr biosynthesis. It is still unknown, however, whether this feedback is due to inhibition of the enzyme expression or inhibition of its activity.
Arabidopsis plants possess two DAHPS genes, DHS1 (At4G39980) and DHS2 (At4G33510) in addition to one putative gene (At1g22410) with high similarity to DHS1. The expression of DHS1 in Arabidopsis is induced by physical wounding or by infiltration with pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains (Keith, B. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991. 88(19):8821-8825). The presence of amino-terminal extensions characteristic of chloroplast transit peptides in the Arabidopsis proteins encoded by DHS1 and DHS2 supports the notion that both proteins are localized in the chloroplast. Tomato (Solanum esculentum) also contains two distinct DHAPS encoding genes that contain plastid transit peptides and are differentially expressed (Gorlach, J. et al., Plant Mol Biol, 1993. 23(4):707-16). Nevertheless, despite the available information on DAHPS expression and activity in plants, it is still unknown whether this enzyme serves as a major regulator of the flux through the Shikimate pathway and hence whether DAHPS is a key regulatory enzyme bridging between primary and secondary metabolism.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,925 discloses methods for increasing the yield of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) in microorganisms through genetic alterations, particularly by overexpression of phosphoenol pyruvate synthase.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,911,331 discloses isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a DAHP synthetase. The patent also discloses the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the DAHP synthetase, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the DAHP synthetase in a transformed host cell, including plant cell.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,736 discloses the enzymes 3-dehydroquinate synthase, shikimate kinase, 5-enolpyruvoyl-Shikimate-3-phosphate synthase and chorismate synthase as rate-limiting enzymes in the common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in prokaryotes. Transforming prokaryotic cells with exogenous DNA sequences encoding these enzymes resulted in a significant increase in the end product production.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,790,431 discloses enzymes and enzymatic pathways for the pyruvate-based synthesis of shikimate or at least one intermediate thereto or derivative thereof. The patent also discloses nucleic acids encoding the enzymes, cells transformed therewith, and kits containing said enzymes, cells, or nucleic acid. A KDPGa1 aldolase is used to perform condensation of pyruvate with D-erythrose 4-phosphate to form 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP); a 3-dehydroquinate synthase is used to convert the DAHP to 3-dehydroquinate (DHQ); DHQ dehydratase can then convert DHQ to the key shikimate intermediate, 3-dehydroshikimate.
International (PCT) Application Publication No. WO 2009/072118 to the inventors of the present invention discloses that transforming plant cells with polynucleotide(s) encoding feedback-insensitive chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydrates results in altered content of at least one of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. However, these enzymes are located downstream the Shikimate pathway, and thus the amount of available chorismate is a “bottle neck” dictating the maximum levels of aromatic acids that may be produced.
Thus, means for modulation of the Shikimate pathway in plants towards the production of increased rates of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan is highly desired, as these amino acids are both essential components of protein synthesis and also serve as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites that are important for plant growth as well as for human nutrition and health.


Managing the Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension: Specialty Care Centers, Coordinated Care, and Patient Support.
Pulmonary hypertension remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Decentralized care for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has led to shortcomings in the diagnosis and management of PAH. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association-sponsored Pulmonary Hypertension Care Center program is designed to recognize specialty centers capable of providing multidisciplinary and comprehensive care of PAH. Ideally, Pulmonary Hypertension Care Centers will comanage PAH patients with community-based practitioners and address the growing needs of this emerging population of long-term PAH patients.


Malcolm Turnbull is right to defer tax reform. Credit:Andrew Meares Russell Broadbent had little doubt what was going on. The veteran Liberal waited for the right moment and then rose to point out a few home truths, such as the salient fact the very same party room had recently elected this precise leadership team. Already it was withdrawing its mandate. Morrison, he noted, had been given a task of identifying tax reform options in the hope of finding enough savings to return bracket creep to average weekly earners – and perhaps to lower company tax, and reduce the deficit too. He should be given time to do it. Broadbent's sage intervention was a wake-up call to a party room that is sleep-walking into disarray just months before an election. Such is the new mood of anything goes, that Turnbull and Morrison have had their options constantly trimmed through the tax reform process via the skilled application of public pressure from colleagues. So far this has seen the official removal of the GST option and now apparently the removal of negative gearing, and capital gains, as options too. Generous superannuation concessions which allow those with high disposable incomes to "park" earnings in super accounts at vastly reduced tax rates, and later to draw tax-free income from those savings, are ripe for adjustment on equity grounds. Labor's policy in this area is measured and would offer the government cover for something similar – or even identical. Yet Abbott's message, backed by a sizeable wedge of party room colleagues, is don't do this either. He even came armed with the attack lines for the "brilliant" communicator, Turnbull: a tax on super is an attack on elderly Australians; a tax on capital gains is an attack on battlers trying to get ahead; and, a tax on negative gearing is an attack on families.

The unedifying tax reform process is arguably Turnbull's most pressing immediate problem. Yet it is both cause and symptom. Turnbull as PM lacks the authority to demand patience or command unity, and his government, in the absence of a tax reform agenda, desperately wants the policy theme around which such oneness of purpose may ordinarily arise. It is a remarkable situation for a still very popular prime minister. The conundrum is this: delivering the core policy direction needed to inspire his party requires the leadership authority that a prime minister installed in a mid-term crisis, by definition, lacks. And yet to secure that unquestioned legitimacy in his own right via a solid election win, requires firm discipline and a united team. Right now, the Coalition party room is closer to Brown's cows than to the Howard government idyll which the same MPs lionised on the 20th anniversary of Howard becoming a prime minister. MPs show none of the reluctance of that era to campaign on issues such as tax options, and to offer their own commentary in contrast to the official line. Whether it is the previous week's orchestrated "values" attack in the party room on the Safe Schools anti-bullying program, which compromised the government's focus, or the remarks about election timing offered by several people who should know better. Even the unalloyed positive of last week's Defence white paper release has now been severely compromised by the egregious leaking of an earlier draft and claims openly corroborated by the former PM no less, that this was correct. This is right up there with the devastating leaks against Julia Gillard prior to the 2010 poll which nearly killed the government and yielded the three-year farce of minority government. Whoever leaked the white paper was trying for at least as much damage.

Notwithstanding the AFP investigation into the divulgence of top-secret national security papers, there is a sense that MPs feel no reason to keep their own counsel and expect no punishment for not doing so. The policy and authority vacuum, is most obvious over negative gearing. Morrison fluffed his first response to Labor's policy claiming it raised insufficient funds. He's since found his length even if others, such as the former tennis star-turned MP John Alexander, accidentally reached over the net with his view this week that the Sydney property market is overheated. Perhaps the most glaring marker of the political problem is that the government answers every question in Parliament on housing affordability by attacking Labor's answer. With the July 2 double-D election firming as a near certainty, voters, and frankly many within the party room, would like to know what the government's answer is. Mark Kenny is Fairfax Media's chief political correspondent.


The implication of Numb-induced Notch signaling in endothelial-mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy.
This study was purposed to figure out the contribution of Numb-induced Notch signaling to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Two hundred and twenty six DN patients were included, and human glomerular endothelial cells (RGEC) were cultured. MSCV-Numb-IRES-GFP, MSCV-Notch1-IRES-GFP and MSCV-Hes1-IRES-GFP were transfected to construct the recombinant retroviral vectors. The over-expressed Numb and Notch1, as well as the under-expressed Hes-1 were correlated with the undesirable prognosis of DN patients (P < 0.05). Within the cell lines transfection with si-Numb would cut down E-cadherin and CD31 expressions (P < 0.05), yet elevated α-SMA and vimentin expressions (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of si-Numb cell lines underperformed ones categorized into the hyperglucose group (P < 0.05), whereas the lowly-expressed Notch1 and Hes1 were observably associated with inhibited proliferation of myofibroblasts (P < 0.05). Addition of ADPT caused under-expressed α-SMA and vimentin, along with the over-expressed E-cadherin and CD31 (P < 0.05). Silencing of Notch1 and Hes1 reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that was triggered by high glucose (P < 0.05). Numb negatively regulated Notch signaling pathway in EMT of DN, implying that they had great potentials to serve as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers for DN.


The-Bookshelf

Ok, to be honest here, this is a very dry book where you mostly feel like you are being told that something said was so damn funny when in fact you probably had to be there and know the guys.

That said, this is just the neatest insight you can get into the sheer red tape miracle that is NASA and more specifically, our International Space Station. Documents on top of documents and meetings, and parts made by dozens of businesses that don't know how the parts are supposed to come together.

It is akin to the pointless bureaucratic circling you might experience when ordering a stapler through your manager who needs to have the request reviewed by several executives before allowing you to purchase it with your own money and then expense it which then requires another round of approvals..... only... this is about space stuff.


Simple and rapid preparation of [11C]DASB with high quality and reliability for routine applications.
[(11)C]DASB combines all major prerequisites for a successful SERT-ligand, providing excellent biological properties and in-vivo behaviour. Thus, we aimed to establish a fully automated procedure for the synthesis and purification of [(11)C]DASB with a high degree of reliability reducing the overall synthesis time while conserving high yields and purity. The optimized [(11)C]DASB synthesis was applied in more than 60 applications with a very low failure rate (3.2%). We obtained yields up to 8.9 GBq (average 5.3+/-1.6 GBq). Radiochemical yields based on [(11)C]CH(3)I, (corrected for decay) were 66.3+/-6.9% with a specific radioactivity (A(s)) of 86.8+/-24.3 GBq/micromol (both at the end of synthesis, EOS). Time consumption was kept to a minimum, resulting in 43 min from end of bombardment to release of the product after quality control. From our data, it is evident that the presented method can be implemented for routine preparations of [(11)C]DASB with high reliability.


Alcoholic liver disease: focus on prodromal gut health.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is implicated in gut disturbances, both functionally and structurally. It has been noticed that the gut-liver interaction is an important feature in the prevention of systemic inflammation as well as liver health. The optimal functioning of the gut-liver axis depends on gut health. Therefore, gut problems may be important for estimating liver inflammation, while our knowledge of ALD could also provide an insight into gut health. Gut problems accompanied by ALD include gut motility and absorption problems, mucosal damage and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that besides direct inflammatory injury caused by alcohol, gut problems related to ALD play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and immunological disorders. In this regard, we should consider ALD in relation to both gut health and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Accordingly, integrative therapeutic strategies are warranted for treating and preventing ALD and systemic inflammation as well as alcohol-related gut problems.


Q:

Plotting bar charts for multi level groupby dataframe

Using the groupby method
    df = Al[['Connection Name','UAS-RS', 'SES-RS', 'OFS-RS', 'ES-RS', 'BBE-RS', 'Date', 'Alarm Type']]
    cols = ['Connection Name', 'Date', 'Alarm Type']

    df.mask(df == 0, np.nan).groupby(cols)[['UAS-RS', 'SES-RS', 'OFS-RS', 'ES-RS', 'BBE-RS']].count()

I got the following table:

The initial table had the this king of structure:
       | ConName |   Date   | Alarm | ETH1 | ETH2 | ETH 3|
       | AR21    | 25-01-19 |  AL1  |   1  |   0  |   3  |
       | AR22    | 25-01-19 |  AL2  |   0  |   0  |   1  |
       | AR23    | 26-01-19 |  AL1  |   1  |   1  |   0  |
       | AR21    | 26-01-19 |  AL2  |   0  |   1  |   0  |

The problem
I want to build barplots for each connection name depicting distribution of features between two Alarm Types.
What I get:

The desired output:

My last code for building plot only for one connection name:
for date in df[df['Connection Name']=='AR-CY18 A2.5G-RTA33']['Date']:
    df.mask(df == 0, np.nan).groupby('Alarm Type')[['UAS-RS', 'SES-RS', 'OFS-RS', 'ES-RS', 'BBE-RS']].count().plot(kind='bar',stacked=True,subplots=True)

Also, the problem is, that the script builds multiple plots by date (I interrupted kernel on the 77th plot) with the identical output.
What am I doing wrong? unstacking (unstack().plot.barh()) also didn't help.
Any clues are welcome.

A:

It looks like you are trying to produce a plot for each (date, conName). Here's what I would do:
for (dt, con), d in df.groupby(['Date','ConName'], group_keys=False):
    fig,ax = plt.subplots()
    d.groupby('Alarm')[['ETH1','ETH2']].count().plot.bar(ax=ax)
    ax.set_title(con)

Output will be several plots like this, where 2 is the conName:


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See the past in a magical light this Christmas at Corfe Castle. Take in the festive atmosphere with our beacons, brazier, lanterns and contemporary lighting as you explore the castle grounds.This event is free, but normal admission charges apply for the venue.

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Corfe Castle, Corfe CastleCorfe Castle village is overlooked by the outstanding ruins of its castle perched on a hill. The Castle, built in 1086, was one of the country’s great strongholds and was defended by Lady Bankes during the English Civil War.


Data are available through Figshare (DOI: <https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4658959>).

Introduction {#sec006}
============

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein and it affects the body's ability to process and use glucose for energy \[[@pone.0171987.ref001]\]. Main causes for DM are defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both \[[@pone.0171987.ref001], [@pone.0171987.ref002]\]. About 5--10% and 90--95% of patients with diabetes have type1 and type2 respectively \[[@pone.0171987.ref001], [@pone.0171987.ref002]\]. People with diabetes are increasing due to population growth, aging, urbanization and sedentary life style \[[@pone.0171987.ref003]\]. Since last decade, DM has emerged as an important clinical and public health problem throughout the world and its prevalence reached an epidemic proportion \[[@pone.0171987.ref004], [@pone.0171987.ref005]\].

In 2014, 422 million people in the world had diabetes with prevalence of 8.5% in adult population \[[@pone.0171987.ref006]\]. A prevalence of diabetes has been steadily increasing for the past three decades and is growing most rapidly in low and middle income countries \[[@pone.0171987.ref004]--[@pone.0171987.ref006]\]. The epidemic raised in diabetes poses significant public health and socioeconomic challenges through diabetic complications; the eye is the most commonly affected organ by diabetes leading to Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) \[[@pone.0171987.ref007]\].

There are, 93 million people are approximated as living with DR worldwide \[[@pone.0171987.ref008]\]. According to the systematic review report, DR affects 7--63% of sub Saharan diabetic patients \[[@pone.0171987.ref009]\]. Among diabetics In Jimma University tertiary hospital, Ethiopia, prevalence of DR was 25.4% \[[@pone.0171987.ref010]\]. Prevalence of DR in developed countries has been well documented and risk factors are well known. In study area data on prevalence and associated factors of DR is lacking. This effort constitutes the first attempt to estimate prevalence and associated factors of DR among diabetics at Arbaminch general hospital.

Methods and materials {#sec007}
=====================

This cross sectional study with record review was conducted at Arbaminch general hospital from November to January on diabetic patients ever enrolled since 1990 E.C. Arbaminch hospital was located at Arbaminch town, the capital city of Gamo Gofa zone, which is 505km form Addis Ababa (capital city of Ethiopia) and 280 Km from Hawasa, center of southern nation's nationality and people regional state (SNNPRS). Arbaminch has two sub cities, Secha and Sikela. The hospital is located at Secha which is the administrative center of Arbaminch town. Though Arbaminch hospital is technically a regional hospital, it is acting as a referral hospital and provides preventive, curative and rehabilitative care for 100,000--200,000 people per year and of them more than 400 patients was diabetic.

Data collection procedure, sampling and collecting instrument {#sec008}
-------------------------------------------------------------

After taking medical record number of diabetic patients from chronic care follow up clinic, patient folder was drawn from card room by health information technician. Among 400 diabetic patients under follow, 270 patients with baseline information and without history of hypertension at baseline were selected by using consecutive sampling technique. Whereas, Pregnancy induced diabetes and patients with retinopathy at baseline were excluded from the study.

The record reviews were done by two Bachelor of Science (BSc) nurses and facilitated by principal investigators. Training was given for data extractors prior to extraction; Pre test was done on 5% of patients outside study area. Data of cohorts was extracted from medical record by using pre tested structured checklist which was taken from previous studies. After completing data extraction it was transferred to STATA analysis soft ware version 12 for cleaning, coding, categorizing, merging and to check completeness, consistence and outliers.

Study variables {#sec009}
---------------

### Dependant variable {#sec010}

**Diabetic retinopathy.** The ascertainment of DR status was confirmed by ophthalmologist using history of clinical presentations, visual acuity test result, slit lamp microscope examination and direct ophthalmoscope examination findings.

**Independent variables.** Patient age, Sex, Place of residence was categorized as Urban and Rural. Urban for patients came from Arbaminch town and Rural for patients came from Arbaminch Zuria woreda and other rural Kebeles. Family history of diabetes, level of systolic blood pressure, level of diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma blood glucose level, duration of diabetes was categorized based on other studies, type of diabetes was categorized as type1 and type2. Type 1 when patient's age less than 30 years and uses insulin; type 2 when age greater than 30 years and uses oral anti diabetic agents; and type of anti diabetic agents taken are covariates.

Statistical analysis {#sec011}
--------------------

After data pre-analysis work was completed, it was analyzed by STATA version 12 and summarized by frequency and percentage to categorical variables and median along with Inter Quartile Range (IQR) to skewed continuous variable. Bi-variate binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to select potential candidate predictors for the full model with cutoff point P-value ≤ 0.25 \[[@pone.0171987.ref011]\].

Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the independent effect of predictors on DR.

Model was built and compared by step wise back ward elimination procedure and likely hood ratio test respectively. Interactions and confounders were checked by using change in beta coefficient with cutoff point beta change greater than 20% \[[@pone.0171987.ref011]\]. Instability of beta-coefficient (multicolinearity) for variables in the final fitted model was checked using variance inflation factor (VIF) with cutoff point mean VIF \>10 \[[@pone.0171987.ref012]\]. Classifying ability (predicting power) of variables in the final fitted model was checked by receiver observed characteristics (ROC) curve and over all goodness of fit was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi square test. Association between predictors and odds of DR was summarized using adjusted odds ratio and statistical significances were tested at p-value \<0.05.

Ethical consideration {#sec012}
---------------------

This study was conducted after getting ethical approval from Mekelle University College of medicine and health sciences ethical review board, permission to undertake the study was obtained from Gamo Gofa zone health department and Arbaminch general hospital.

Results {#sec013}
=======

Socio demographic characteristics of study subjects {#sec014}
---------------------------------------------------

From the total study subjects, 220 (81.5%) were within age category \<60years. With regard to gender, 138 (51.1%) of study subjects were male. Concerning to place of residence, 150 (56.6%) of study participants were from urban residence. Among 270 study subjects, 231 (85.9%) has no family history of diabetes ([Table 1](#pone.0171987.t001){ref-type="table"}).

10.1371/journal.pone.0171987.t001

###### Descriptive statistics with DR status of diabetic patients in Arbaminch general hospital, 2015/16, (n = 270).

![](pone.0171987.t001){#pone.0171987.t001g}

  Variables                     Category                        DR status
  ----------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------ ------------
  Baseline age in year          \<60 years                      19(52.78)    201(85.9)
  ≥ 60years                     17(47.22)                       33(14.10)
  Sex of the patient            Male                            21(58.33)    117(50)
  Female                        15(41.67)                       117(50)
  Place of residence            Urban                           29(80.56)    121(51.71)
  Rural                         7(19.44)                        113(48.29)
  Family history of DM          Yes                             11(14.13)    22(85.87)
  No                            25(10.68)                       209(89.32)
  Type of diabetes              Type1                           4(11.11)     66(28.21)
  Type2                         32(88.89)                       168(71.79)
  Duration of diabetes          \< 6yrs                         15(41.67)    198(84.62)
  ≥6 yrs                        21(58.33)                       36(15.38)
  Baseline Systolic BP level    ≤140mmhg                        24(66.67)    208(88.89)
  \>140mmhg                     12(33.33)                       26(11.11)
  Baseline diastolic Bp level   ≤90mmhg                         30(83.33)    210(89.74)
  \>90mmhg                      6(16.67)                        24(10.26)
  Baseline FBG level            176 mg per dl (IQR, 145--253)
  anti DM agents taken          Insulin alone                   5(13.89)     73(31.2)
  Insulin and oral              8(22.22)                        17(7.26)
  Oral agents alone             23(63.89)                       144(61.54)

Clinical and bio chemical characteristics of study subjects {#sec015}
-----------------------------------------------------------

Thirty six (13%) of study subjects were with DR. Among study subjects, 200(74.1%) were type2 diabetic. Concerning to duration of diabetes, 213(78.9%) were with diabetic duration less than six year. Pertaining towards anti diabetic agents taken, 78 (28.89%) were used insulin alone, 25 (9.26%) were used insulin and oral anti diabetic agents together and the rest 167(61.85%) were used oral anti diabetic agents alone to manage their diabetes. Looking to the baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure level, 232(85.9%) and 240 (88.9%) of study subjects have baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure level ≤ 140 mmhg and ≤90mmhg respectively. Fasting plasma glucose level was not normally distributed among cohorts and the median fasting plasma glucose level with inter quartile range (IQR) was 176 (IQR, 145--253) mg per dl ([Table 1](#pone.0171987.t001){ref-type="table"})

Bi-variate logistic regression analysis was done to select potential candidate variables to the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Based on the pre-set p-value criteria cutoff point ≤0.25(11), except baseline diastolic blood pressure level and sex of the patent, other predictors satisfied the p-value criteria and are a potential candidates for the multivariable logistic regression analysis ([Table 2](#pone.0171987.t002){ref-type="table"}).

10.1371/journal.pone.0171987.t002

###### Bi-variate logistic regression analysis of diabetic patients at Arbaminch general hospital, 2015/16, (n = 270).

![](pone.0171987.t002){#pone.0171987.t002g}

  Variables                         DR status    Category            COR             P-value
  --------------------------------- ------------ ------------------- --------------- --------- -----------
  **Baseline age in year**          19(52.78)    201(85.9)           \<60 years      5.45      0.000
  17(47.22)                         33(14.10)    ≥ 60years
  **Sex of the patient**            21(58.33)    117(50)             Male            0.71      **0.353**
  15(41.67)                         117(50)      Female
  **Place of residence**            29(80.56)    121(51.71)          Urban           0.26      0.002
  7(19.44)                          113(48.29)   Rural
  **Family history of DM**          11(14.13)    22(85.87)           Yes             0.20      0.000
  25(10.68)                         209(89.32)   No
  **Type of diabetes**              4(11.11)     66(28.21)           Type1           3.14      0.037
  32(88.89)                         168(71.79)   Type2
  **Duration of diabetes**          15(41.67)    198(84.62)          \< 6yrs         7.70      0.000
  21(58.33)                         36(15.38)    ≥6 yrs
  **Baseline Systolic BP level**    24(66.67)    208(88.89)          ≤140mmhg        4.00      0.001
  12(33.33)                         26(11.11)    \>140mmhg
  **Baseline diastolic Bp level**   30(83.33)    210(89.74)          ≤90mmhg         1.75      **0.260**
  6(16.67)                          24(10.26)    \>90mmhg
  **Baseline FBG level**            \-           \-                  \-              1.001     0.250
  **anti DM agents taken**          5(13.89)     73(31.2)            Insulin alone   6.87      0.002
  8(22.22)                          17(7.26)     Insulin and oral    2.33            0.099
  23(63.89)                         144(61.54)   Oral agents alone

Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis {#sec016}
-------------------------------------------------

In multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, baseline age, duration of diabetes, baseline systolic BP level and family history of diabetes have statistically significant association with odds of DR.

Factors influencing diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Arbaminch general hospital {#sec017}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adjusted binary logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of DR statistically and significantly associated with baseline age of diabetic patients. By holding the effect of baseline systolic BP level, duration of diabetes and family history of diabetes in the final fitted model constant and compare the odds of DR among baseline age \< 60 years and ≥ 60 years, odds of DR was six times higher on patients with baseline age ≥ 60 years than their counter parts. (AOR = 6.06: 95%CI; 2.42, 15.21).When baseline systolic blood pressure level increase, odds of DR correspondingly increase. The odds of developing DR was more than four times higher on patients with baseline systolic blood pressure level \>140mmhg than their counter parts. (AOR = 4.38: 95%CI; 1.64, 11.68). ([Table 3](#pone.0171987.t003){ref-type="table"}).

10.1371/journal.pone.0171987.t003

###### Adjusted binary logistic regression analysis of diabetic patients at Arbaminch general hospital, 2015/16, (n = 270).

![](pone.0171987.t003){#pone.0171987.t003g}

  Variable                                 Category   COR    AOR     95%CI of AOR   P-value
  ---------------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------- -------------- ---------
  Baseline age in year                     \<60       1      1       2.42           0.000
  ≥ 60                                     5.45       6.06   15.21
  Duration of diabetes in year             \<6        1      1       3.56           0.001
  ≥6                                       7.70       8.84   12.89
  Baseline systolic blood pressure level   ≤140mmhg   1      1       1.64,          0.003
  \>140mmhg                                4.00       4.38   11.68
  Family history diabetes                  Yes        1      1       0.08           0.002
  No                                       0.20       0.22   0.58

**N.B:** 1 is reference category

The odds of DR were high on patients with family history of diabetes than their counter parts; which is 78% less likely on patients without family history of diabetes. (AOR = 0.22: 95%CI; 0.08, 0.58). When duration of diabetes increases, odds of DR also increase. After stabilizing the effect of other covariates in the model constant and compare the odds of DR among patients with duration of diabetes less than six years with greater than or equal to six years, it is nearly nine times higher on patients with diabetic duration greater than or equal to six years than their counters. (AOR = 8.84: 95%CI; 3.56, 12.89) ([Table 3](#pone.0171987.t003){ref-type="table"}).

Discussion {#sec018}
==========

The current study revealed that prevalence of DR among diabetic patients at Arbaminch general hospital was 13%. This figure is low when compared to study finding in Benghazi Libya, 30.6% of type 2 diabetic patients developed DR \[[@pone.0171987.ref013]\] and study finding in Jimma University specialized hospital, 33.8% of diabetic patients have visual disturbance \[[@pone.0171987.ref014]\]. Possible reasons for this inconsistency might be variation on skill and knowledge of physicians to diagnose DR and methods used to detect. It also might be due to variation on advancement of hospitals, number and condition of diabetic patients who served (Jimma university hospital is specialized hospital; hence majority of diabetic cases came by referral after long duration of disease). Furthermore, it might be due to difference in health care system and quality of care given for diabetic patients.

The current study showed that duration of diabetes was directly associated with odds of DR (AOR = 8.84: 95%CI; 3.56, 12.89) ([Table 3](#pone.0171987.t003){ref-type="table"}). The finding is consistent with cross sectional study finding in Jimma university tertiary hospital \[[@pone.0171987.ref014]\] and longitudinal study finding on type1 diabetic patients in England \[[@pone.0171987.ref015]\]. Majority of patients with DR in the current study were type2 diabetics and it is consistent with study findings of (13, 14, and 15). This is because type2 diabetics are prone to come late to the health facility because type 2 diabetes is not as severe as type 1 and patients with type 2 diabetes develop DR within short duration of diseases compared to type1\[[@pone.0171987.ref016]\].

Elevation of systolic blood pressure level is a risk factor for chronic non communicable illness; as well, the current study revealed that baseline systolic BP level was significantly and directly related with the odds of DR (AOR = 4.38: 95%CI; 1.64, 11.68) ([Table 3](#pone.0171987.t003){ref-type="table"}). This finding is in line with longitudinal study finding of United Kingdom \[[@pone.0171987.ref017]\]. Despite this, the finding of community based cross sectional study in Melbourne, Australia, revealed that, no statistically significant association between level of systolic BP and odds of DR \[[@pone.0171987.ref018]\]. Possible reason for this irregularity might be variation of patients on self care practice, variation on BP measuring device functionality and skill of health care providers on measuring and recording BP level.

Diabetes affects both individuals and their families and has an impact on economic and social development of a country. Information on availability, cost, and quality of medical care for diabetes does mostly not exist for many low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Complications from diabetes, which can be devastating, could largely be prevented by wider use of several inexpensive medicines, simple tests and monitoring and can be a cost saving intervention. This study will provide an in-depth and comprehensive picture of impacts of diabetes and DR and propose clear recommendations for improving prevention and management of diabetic complications. It will help to develop programs and policies for better management of diabetics and cost effective strategies in Ethiopian context.

Strengths and limitations {#sec019}
-------------------------

### Strength of the study {#sec020}

Extracted data was recorded in the past at the time when patient came to the health facility, so it was not depended on patient's memory and it minimized recall bias.

### Limitations of the study {#sec021}

Since this study was conducted by using pre recorded data, there might be lack of accuracy. Because of institutional based nature of study and non probability sampling technique, findings can't be generalized for total population. The current study was not used experimental design, so it doesn't show causal relationship among predictors and DR.

Conclusion {#sec022}
==========

In conclusion, prevalence of DR was low in the current study when compared with referenced literatures. The study also showed that recommended follow-up examinations and tests for body mass index and blood cholesterol analysis are neither done nor documented for all of patients. The clinic also has no standardized intake form and electronic data base system for diabetic patients, so that some of the most important variables and the effect of life style related factors were not estimated. Finally, baseline age, duration of diabetes, baseline systolic BP level and family history of diabetes were statistically and significantly associated with odds of DR in multivariable binary logistic regression.

Recommendations {#sec023}
===============

Based on the findings of the current study, the following recommendations are drown for the concerned bodies to overcome the problem and its unwelcomed effects. In addition to routine care, especial emphasis should be given for patients with baseline age ≥60 years, high baseline systolic blood pressure (\>140mmhg), patients with duration of diabetes six year and above and patients with family history of diabetes. Knowing and controlling the level of body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol level and life style related factors were important primary prevention strategies for chronic non communicable illnesses; these factors should be routinely examined, evaluated and recorded. Finally, prospective cohort study is highly recommended to identify real life determinants of DR.

Supporting information {#sec024}
======================

######

(XLSX)

######

Click here for additional data file.

First of all, we would like to thank Mekelle University college of health sciences department of public health for providing an ethical approval to conduct this study. Next, we would also like to give our heartfelt for officials and professionals of Gamo Gofa zone health department and Arbaminch general hospital for permission to use the data and for welcomed face. Finally, we would like to gratitude data collectors, friends and all individuals who helped directly or indirectly for the success of this study.

[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

[^2]: **Conceptualization:** YC WT HA SL.**Data curation:** YC WT HA SL.**Formal analysis:** YC WT HA SL.**Methodology:** YC WT HA SL.**Resources:** YC WT SL.**Writing -- original draft:** YC SL.**Writing -- review & editing:** YC WT SL.


6 comments:

favill
said...

I hate to say it, but many Canadians have exactly the same mentality. I can't wait to retire and move to the US. What states are the "freest"? (I want to move somewhere warm...I've lived in the cold, snow and ice for long enough--I don't mind visiting it (the cold places)...but I'd rather live in a place that doesn't have near freezing temperatures in May.

As you know I live in paradise; the number of times I have witnessed people completely ignoring the beauty of our world to self obsess over their Iphones breaks my heart. Why do they bother to leave home?

go talk to the Native Peoples....beads, blankets and bullshit that turned into cheapass government houses, kids wrecked on drugs and alcohol, and a "reservation" instead of endless woods and plains........

Hmmm....isn't Estonia small enough to be completely covered in wifi with...like....3 routers? I hate how everyone wants to compare the U.S. with some tiny nation and expect everything to be the same. Hell, the DFW metroplex is bigger than a lot of European countries!

The Wirecutter Chronicles

Dragon Leatherworks

Truth

About Me

Supermom, Libertarian, and avid reader. As a stubborn, redheaded big-mouth, I was told to start my own blog and leave other people's alone. Other than that, I'm indescribable without using colorful profanity. Email at hiswiserangel@aol.com


One Killed in Rush Hour Crash

Receive the latest local updates in your inbox

One person was killed in an incident involving three vehicles on the Dulles Toll Road.

One vehicle rear-ended another in the eastbound lanes just past the main toll plaza, and when those drivers got out to investigate, a third vehicle crashed into the other vehicles, killing one of the drivers outside the cars.

Eastbound traffic on the Dulles Toll Road can't access the Capital Beltway and is being diverted onto the Dulles Airport Access Road.


[package]
name = "bgrep"
version = "1.0.0"
description = "bgrep is a grep tailored to handle binary patterns and files"
authors = ["gahag <gabriel.s.b@live.com>"]
homepage = "https://github.com/gahag/bgrep"
documentation = "https://github.com/gahag/bgrep"
repository = "https://github.com/gahag/bgrep"
readme = "readme.md"
keywords = [ "grep", "binary", "regex", "search", "pattern" ]
categories = ["command-line-utilities", "text-processing"]
license = "BSD-3-Clause"
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
regex = "1"
clap = "2.32"

[profile.release]
lto = true


Expression of the c-rel and c-myc proto-oncogenes in avian tissues.
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) transforms very immature avian lymphoid cells and induces a rapidly fatal lymphoma. The viral oncogene, v-rel, encodes a 59 kDa phosphoprotein which is complexed with cellular proteins in the cytosol of REV-T transformed lymphoid cell lines. The proto-oncogene, c-rel, has been highly conserved among both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The expression of both the c-rel and c-myc protoncogenes was characterized during avian development. Two distinct rel-related transcripts were detected. A 4.0kb mRNA was the principal transcript expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin with highest levels detected in bursa, thymus, and spleen tissue obtained from hatched birds. Relatively low levels of this 4.0 kb transcript were detected in nonhematopoietic tissues. Thus, the distribution of this mRNA correlated with the presence of target cells for transformation by v-rel. The 4.0 kb c-rel transcript had a half-life of nearly 2 h in an avian lymphoid cell line. A second rel-related transcript was identified in the ovary of young hens and appeared to be expressed either in primary oocytes or in the developing follicle. This 2.6 kb c-rel mRNA was detected at substantially lower levels in cells of hematopoietic origin. Using radiolabeled RNA probes, the 2.6 kb c-rel transcript was not detected in liver, brain, testes, or muscle. The c-myc proto-oncogene was also expressed in cells of hematopoietic tissue and ova obtained from hatched birds. While intermediate RNA levels were observed in muscle and liver cells, the c-myc gene was not expressed in avian testes.


N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase

N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase (, aspartylglucosylamine deaspartylase, aspartylglucosylaminase, aspartylglucosaminidase, aspartylglycosylamine amidohydrolase, N-aspartyl-beta-glucosaminidase, glucosylamidase, beta-aspartylglucosylamine amidohydrolase, 4-N-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine amidohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name N4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine amidohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 N4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O  N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate

This enzyme acts only on asparagine-oligosaccharides containing one amino acid.

See also
 Aspartylglucosaminidase

References

External links

Category:EC 3.5.1


<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

/*
 * Test suite bootstrap
 */

use Cake\Core\Configure;

/*
 * This function is used to find the location of CakePHP whether CakePHP
 * has been installed as a dependency of the plugin, or the plugin is itself
 * installed as a dependency of an application.
 */
$findRoot = function ($root) {
    do {
        $lastRoot = $root;
        $root = dirname($root);
        if (is_dir($root . '/vendor/cakephp/cakephp')) {
            return $root;
        }
    } while ($root !== $lastRoot);
    throw new Exception('Cannot find the root of the application, unable to run tests');
};
$root = $findRoot(__FILE__);
unset($findRoot);
chdir($root);
require $root . '/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/tests/bootstrap.php';

Configure::write('App.paths', [
    'plugins' => [$root . '/tests/test_app/plugins/'],
    'templates' => [$root . '/tests/test_app/templates/'],
]);


EVANS Black Chrome Drumheads Rock

The Black Chrome heads consist of a 2-ply foil combination: Over the first black layer with 0.19mm is a clear foil which is 0.178mm thick. This not only gives the heads enormous robustness and longevity, but it also produces an interesting optical effect. The sound of the Black Chrome heads is extremely deep, yet with precise articulation and clear attack.


[Kaposi's sarcoma].
Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant tumor that is one of the major complications with AIDS. This disease is common in male homosexuals, and HHV-8 has been indicated to play a role in its pathogenesis. In treating the lesions that spread over the skin of the entire body, and visceral lesions, mainly of the lung, multidrug chemotherapy has been commonly used, but there are many problems such as myelosuppression and the treatment results are poor in HIV patients with advanced disease. In recent years, however, progress has been made with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the prognosis in cases of HIV infection is improving. Moreover, HAART is now coming to be seen as a treatment option for Kaposi's sarcoma itself. In addition, with the use of new drugs such as liposomal doxorubicin, the therapeutic strategy for Kaposi's sarcoma is undergoing great changes.


Q:

NSDate conversion issue when input NSDate format is unknown and separate Date and Time

I get null date even when the string that I pass has a date as shown below:-
Generic input Date Format is "MM/dd/YYYY hh:mm a"
NSString input Date can be one of the following: "12/1/2012"  , "12/1/2012 01:43 am" , "01:43 am"
Expected output which I am trying is that , it must print date if it exists in input string and time must be printed out if it exists in the input string.
Input:-
 [self testDate:@"12/1/2012"]

Code:-
-(void) testDate:(NSString*) str{
    NSDateFormatter *formatter=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [formatter setDateFormat:@"MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm a"];//My Generic Date Format
    self.dateTest=[formatter dateFromString:str];
    [self printDate:self.dateTest];
}

-(void) printSeparatedDateAndTime:(NSDate*) date{
    NSDateFormatter *dateF=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [dateF setDateFormat:@"MM/dd/yyyy"];
    NSString *dateStr=[dateF stringFromDate:date];
    NSLog(@"Date= %@",dateStr);

    [dateF setDateFormat:@"hh:mm a"];
    NSString *timeStr=[dateF stringFromDate:date];
    NSLog(@"Time= %@",timeStr);
}

Output Date:-
Date= (null)
Time= (null)
Input can be in any format, ex
input
"12/1/2012"
output
date="12/1/2012"
time=null
input
"12/1/2012 01:43 am"
output
date="12/1/2012"
time=01:43 am
input
"01:43 am"
output
date=null
time="01:43 am"
One can get a different answer here Objective-C String(yyyy-mm-dd) to NSDate. This refers to answer if date format set is wrong.
In my case date format is correct. But it might have only date, only time or both of them.
To separate date and time from a String one can refer here ios4 - splitting a date and time from a string into two separate strings, but it does not have a checked answer or a valid answer.

A:

Remove hh:mm a  and the format can be either "MM/dd/yyyy" or "dd/MM/yyyy".
-(void) testDate:(NSString*) str{
    NSDateFormatter *formatter=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [formatter setDateFormat:@"dd/MM/yyyy"];
    self.dateTest=[formatter dateFromString:str];
    [self printDate:date];
}

Your printeDate: will not work as expected since the date created don't have any information about the time and you are trying to show hours and minutes.It will always show 12.00 AM.
If you want to show hours and minutes you need to include that also in your input string.
EDIT : Since dateFormats can be in three formats you need to do a trial and error.
-(void) testDate:(NSString*) str{

    NSArray *dateFormats = @[@"dd/MM/yyyy",@"hh:mm a",@"dd/MM/yyyy hh:mm a"];

    NSDateFormatter *formatter=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    NSDate *date = nil;

    for (NSString *dateFormat in dateFormats) {
        [formatter setDateFormat:dateFormat];
        date = [formatter dateFromString:str];
        if (date) {
            break;
        }
    }

    [self printDate:date];
}

OR
-(void) testDate:(NSString*) dateString
{
    NSDate *date = nil;
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSDataDetector *detector = [NSDataDetector dataDetectorWithTypes:NSTextCheckingTypeDate
                                                               error:&error];
    NSArray *matches = [detector matchesInString:dateString
                                         options:0
                                           range:NSMakeRange(0, [dateString length])];
    for (NSTextCheckingResult *match in matches) {
        if (match.date) {
            date = match.date;
            break;
        }
    }

    [self printDate:date];
}

EDIT 2 : As it is a requirement to have data/time to nil out. Please try
typedef enum {
    ValidDateType = 0,
    ValidTimeType = 1,
    ValidDateTimeType =2
}ValidType;

- (void)testDate:(NSString*) dateString
{
    NSArray *dateFormats = @[@"dd/MM/yyyy",@"hh:mm a",@"dd/MM/yyyy hh:mm a"];

    NSDateFormatter *formatter=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];

    __block NSDate *date = nil;
    __block ValidType type = ValidDateType;

    [dateFormats enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        NSString *dateFormat = (NSString *)obj;
        [formatter setDateFormat:dateFormat];
        date = [formatter dateFromString:dateString];
        if (date) {
            type = idx;
            *stop = TRUE;
        }

    }];

    [self printDate:date validType:type];
}

- (void)printDate:(NSDate*) date validType:(ValidType)type
{
    NSDateFormatter *dateF=[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [dateF setDateFormat:@"MM/dd/yyyy"];
    NSString *dateStr=[dateF stringFromDate:date];

    [dateF setDateFormat:@"hh:mm a"];
    NSString *timeStr=[dateF stringFromDate:date];

    dateStr = (type == ValidTimeType)?nil:dateStr;
    timeStr = (type == ValidDateType)?nil:timeStr;

    NSLog(@"Time= %@",timeStr);
    NSLog(@"Date= %@",dateStr);

}


265 Minn. 131 (1963)
120 N.W. (2d) 846
JAMES PETERS
v.
CHARLES ELMER PETERSON.
No. 38,733.
Supreme Court of Minnesota.
March 15, 1963.
*132 Rischmiller, Wasche & Hedelson, for appellant.
Schermer & Gensler, for respondent.
NELSON, JUSTICE.
Appeal from an order denying plaintiff's motion for a new trial in an action for damages resulting from a collision between an automobile owned and operated by him and a garage being moved by defendant. After the jury returned a general verdict for defendant, plaintiff moved for a new trial on all issues, which motion was denied.
Since defendant was the prevailing party below, he is entitled to have all conflicts in the evidence submitted resolved in his favor. The following statement of the facts is based upon that principle. On December 3, 1959, at approximately 6 a.m., defendant, a house mover, was engaged in hauling a garage in a northerly direction along Second Street Northeast at a point between the intersections of Thirteenth Avenue and Twelfth Avenue in the city of Minneapolis. The garage, which was placed on a flat-bed trailer, was 18 feet wide and 20 feet long and was set upon a series of three 8 x 10 cross timbers, about 19 feet long. The trailer was approximately 20 feet long and 8 feet wide, so lengthwise all of the garage rested on the trailer, but crosswise the garage extended 5 feet over each side of the trailer. Because of the darkness at that time of day, defendant put a kerosene flare at the left front corner of the garage, placing the flare upon planks spiked above the cross timbers at a point about 42 inches above the ground. He put flashers at the rear corners of the garage, but did not place any light at its front right corner.
To move the garage defendant had attached the trailer to an Autocar tractor, which he drove. He had stationed an employee as a flagman on each side of the Autocar. In addition another employee drove a White tractor approximately 300 feet ahead of the Autocar and another followed the trailer in a pickup truck. Both the White and the Autocar tractors carried clearance lights above their cabs *133 and on their outside mirrors. The trailer itself had four clearance lights on each side and four lamps at the rear.
It appears that shortly before the collision occurred the operator of the White tractor stopped his vehicle to the north of the intersection of Second Street Northeast with Thirteenth Avenue and began to flag down traffic proceeding south on Second Street. He flagged a bus and a pickup truck, both of which went around the Autocar tractor and the trailer without difficulty. A few moments later plaintiff's automobile, which he was operating, approached the pilot truck at a speed of approximately 40 miles per hour. The driver of the pilot truck failed in his attempt to flag down plaintiff's automobile. The flagmen stationed on each side of the Autocar tractor, who carried flashlights, also attempted to flag down plaintiff's vehicle but were forced to jump to safety on the running board of the truck. Defendant, who was driving the Autocar tractor, also attempted to stop plaintiff by flicking the tractor's headlights. However, plaintiff's vehicle passed under the left front corner of the garage, lifting it into the air, then continued for a distance of 161 feet, and was brought to a stop by striking a cement wall on the east side of the street.
As the collision occurred, the left corner of the windshield area of plaintiff's car collided with the left front corner of the garage, driving two large planks through the windshield and out the rear window of the car. Plaintiff was severely injured, a piece of wood about 1 inch wide and 6 inches long being driven into his skull. He has no recollection of seeing the garage or of seeing any lights in his driving lane and does not recall the collision itself, presumably because of the injuries he sustained. There were no skid marks left by plaintiff's automobile.
1. Plaintiff assigns as error the exclusion of certain evidence which he attempted to introduce. He contends that defendant violated Minn. St. 169.51, which provides in part:
"Every such vehicle having a width, including load thereon, at any part in excess of 80 inches shall be equipped with four clearance lamps, two located on the front at opposite sides and not more than six inches from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle or load, * * *. The front *134 clearance lamps shall be located at a height of not less than 24 inches above the head lamp centers."
Since violation of that statute is prima facie evidence of negligence, plaintiff contends that expert testimony with respect to custom and practice in lighting loads at night, examples of lighting which conform to the statute's requirements which he wished to introduce as exhibits, and evidence that such lighting can be easily and inexpensively installed were all material in determining whether violation of the statute was justified.
With respect to custom and practice "in the trucking trade" concerning lighting loads at night, plaintiff called Clifford Stuart Marx. He also intended to introduce through him, as exhibits, clearance lights customarily used in the industry and to have him testify that their cost was $1.09 per light. However, the court sustained objections based on lack of foundation and immateriality. The following is an example of plaintiff's attempts to introduce such evidence:
"Q. * * * Now, Mr. Marx, are you familiar, because of the experience you have related, with the custom and practice in the trucking trade of lighting loads that are either extended over the side or overhanging in the rear?
"A. Yes, I am.
"Q. Will you tell us what the custom and practice in the trucking trade is with respect to the lighting of such loads?
"Mr. Schermer: That is objected to, your Honor, as immaterial.
"The Court: Sustained."
It is, of course, clear that this ruling foreclosed testimony as to the cost of various clearance and marker lights with which the witness may have been familiar.
A review of the record might well lead to the conclusion that Mr. Marx knew little, if any, more about customary practices in the housemoving field than did the members of the jury. Determination of the qualifications of an expert witness is a matter largely within the discretion of the trial court, and we are unable to discover anything in the *135 record which would indicate that the trial court abused that discretion in its rulings.[1]
2. We think that there was ample basis in the evidence upon which the jurors, by applying their common knowledge and experience to the information provided by the testimony and exhibits, could determine whether defendant was guilty of negligence which was a proximate cause of the accident.
The trial court in submitting the case to the jury advised them of plaintiff's claim that defendant was negligent in failing properly to light the tractor and trailer, and its load, and in failing properly to warn that the load was obstructing a portion of the southbound traffic lane in which plaintiff was traveling. The court also advised them that it was the claim of defendant that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence in failing to keep a proper lookout, in failing to keep his automobile under proper control, in failing to respond to warning signals, and in driving at an excessive rate of speed. The court properly instructed on the requirements of the traffic code as to speed restrictions, clearance and marker lamps, and distribution of lights.
Plaintiff apparently did not voice any dissatisfaction with the instructions when they were given. On appeal, however, he contends that the court's instructions were erroneous because they permitted the jury, if it found there was no light on the left front corner of the garage (the impact corner), to excuse that violation of the "clearance lamp" statute on the basis of defendant's testimony as to his customary practice respecting lighting. (Defendant did not claim he had a light on the right front corner of the garage and the court charged the jury that to that extent he was guilty of negligence as a matter of law.)
Since defendant admitted that there was no light on the right front corner of the garage and attempted no excuse or justification, the trial court properly instructed the jury that he was guilty of negligence as a matter of law in this respect. The trial court further instructed generally that a violation of any of the statutes discussed in the charge was negligence unless all of the facts, conditions and circumstances *136 disclosed by the evidence furnishes such an explanation, excuse, or justification for the violation of the statute that the jury was not satisfied by a fair preponderance of the evidence that it was negligence to violate such statute. This is a correct statement of the law.
It is a long-established general principle that new trials are to be granted only for errors materially affecting substantial rights of the aggrieved party. Moreover, a new trial will not be granted even where there is error if from the whole case it appears that the result will not be changed. See, 14 Dunnell, Dig. (3 ed.) § 7074, and cases cited.
We are unable to find from the record here that the court committed prejudicial error in any of its evidentiary rulings. The facts were clearly for the jury's determination and amply support its verdict.
Affirmed.
NOTES
[1]  Carmody v. Aho, 251 Minn. 19, 86 N.W. (2d) 692; Hartmon v. National Heater Co. 240 Minn. 264, 277, 60 N.W. (2d) 804, 812.