"Stacy Vollmer was last seen practicing alone on the school tennis court that Friday at around 9:00 p. m." "The clothes she was wearing were found in her locker." "Her body was discovered near the football field by the landscaping crew the following Monday morning." "Can you tell us the exact location of the body?" "She was dumped in a flower bed, wrapped in a shower curtain." "CSI arrived an hour later, excavated the body and began processing the scene." "Dr. Robbins, can you tell us how Stacy died?" "Beneath this laceration," "I found a complex fracture of the occipital bone." "Multiple shards of bone were driven into the occipital lobe of the brain, resulting in massive bleeding." "The cause of death was cerebral hemorrhage, consistent with a single, sharp blow to her head." "A search of the defendant's home yielded a laundry hamper containing the clothes he wore the night of the murder." "Did you find any blood or DNA on the clothes?" "No." "We determined they had been bleached." "Isn't bleach used to destroy blood and DNA evidence?" "Objection: argumentative." "Withdrawn." "What else did you find in the house?" "Human hairs consistent with the victim were discovered in the drain of the bathroom sink." "DNA was extracted and was also matched to the victim." "And based on this evidence, police arrested Marlon West." "That's correct." "Thank you, Mr. Stokes." "No further questions." "The State now calls Hannah West." "Your Honor, defense reiterates our objection." "She's a 12-year-old girl." "We've been through this already, counsel." "The defendant's sister is being called as a hostile witness." "That means the district attorney is permitted to ask leading questions." "Be nice." "Now, Hannah, isn't it a fact that on the night of Friday, December 2, 2005, your parents left you and your brother, the defendant, home alone?" "They went away for a..." "Yes or no, please." "Yes." "And isn't it also a fact that you and your brother were not together between the hours of 6:00 and 10:00 p. m.?" "Well, Marlon - he didn't really..." "Yes or no?" "Yes." "Thank you, Hannah." "I'd like to say something..." "No further questions, Your Honor." "Cross-examination?" "Absolutely, Your Honor." "Uh, Hannah, wh-what were you trying to say?" "Objection: calls for a narrative." "Overruled." "You go ahead, Hannah." "You say what you need to say." "Marlon didn't kill Stacy." "I did." "And I was wearing this when I did it." "Good news is Judge Crawford denied the defense's motion to dismiss." "Of course he did." "She's just a mixed-up kid trying to protect her older brother." "All the evidence points to Marlon." "Yeah, and all the jury's going to remember is a little girl in a bloody shirt confessing to murder." "That's reasonable doubt on a silver platter." "All right, then we have to prove that Hannah could not have done this." "Exactly." "We'll need a week to reexamine the evidence." "Judge gave the D.A. a 72-hour continuance." "Come on..." "Best he could do, Nick." "Now you go do your best." "Everybody thought Stacy was so... special." "She thought so, too." "She wasn't." "Stacy was a stuck-up bitch and a miserable person." "I just put her out of her misery." "I killed her and I put her in the ground." "That's all I've got to say." "The judge suppressed the video because a child advocate was never brought in, even though Marlon had waived his rights." "We really didn't need a confeson out of him." "The case against this kid was solid." "It started out as a prank:" "a sabotaged showerhead." "pH tests later revealed the presence of a strong base substance which was later identified as sodium hydroxide." "Sounds like Marlon packed the showerhead with elemental sodium." "A high school chemistry favorite, yeah." "Just add water, and instant kaboom." "Those out-of-order signs must've been part of his game." "You funnel the victim to the right showerhead." "Did you process the?" "Yeah, I matched the spindle marks on the paper to a laser printer in the high school library." "Accessible to any student." ""Multiple fragments of metal penetrating the skin and dermis" ""as deep as the superficial musculature of the back and neck"." "The showerhead explosion didn't kill her." "No, no, it did not." "What happened to the shower curtain?" "Well, the vic was injured, disoriented." "She grabbed the first thing she could to cover up and ran." "The intermittent blood trail started in the locker room and headed down a hall." "So Marlon followed her out just to hear her squeal?" "Or chased her out, yeah." "There's no way to know." "Either way, she ended up at the bottom of the stairs." "The size of the blood pool indicates that the fatal wound occurred there." "Do you have any physical evidence that would conclusively rule Hannah out as a suspect?" "Well, yeah- she's four-foot-three and 65 pounds." "The crime just required more strength than she's got." "How old is she?" "Twelve." "In high school?" "She's a high school senior." "She skipped six grades." "She's a prodigy." "Which means she has the brains for murder." "Yeah, but not the brawn." "The body was moved from the high school building across a football field and then hastily buried." "The vic's car was then driven two miles from campus and parked in front of the house of a kid named" "Scott Baird, Stacy's boyfriend" "I think possibly to frame him." "Was he ever a suspect?" "No." "He plays varsity hoops." "He was out of town on an away game." "I found blades of grass with blood on them near the vic's car- nondescript tracks headed towards the next-door neighbor's house." "Marlon West." "Yeah." "This kid's been in trouble before." "Multiple fights, threats." "It just got out of hand this time." "Marlon West killed Stacy Vollmer." "His little sister's just trying to exonerate him." "Hey, Nick." "Hodges, did you get the soil analysis back on Hannah's shirt?" "Matches the site of the body dump." "Really?" "So does this make Doogie Howser-ette your killer?" "Uh, I kind of doubt it." "Don't be so sure." "It's not easy." "What isn't easy, Hodges?" "Being profoundly gifted, knowing that everybody knows that you're always ten steps ahead of them." "It's a lot of pressure." "Some days, you feel like you're just going to snap." "I know the feeling." "In his confession," "Marlon basically said that Stacy deserved to die." "He was alone in that opinion." "Everybody loved Stacy - parents and students." "4.0 GPA, varsity tennis team, homecoming queen." "She even took a public virginity pledge with some of her classmates." "Did they have those in your high school?" "No." "Do you believe that Marlon killed her?" "I was looking right into his eyes when he told me he did it." "There's no doubt in my mind." "Two confessions, one crime." "We don't get that a lot." "When did you last speak with Marlon?" "The day the police ce to my house and arrested him." "You don't visit him?" "My parents won't let me see him in jail." "Bad environment." "Marlon didn't put me up to this." "He was trying to protect me." "It would've been wrong to let him be punished for something I did." "You don't think I could have done it." "Neither one of you." "That's a big job for a little girl." "Not if you have the right tools." "Smart kid like you... knows your brother's suffering." "You feel bad, you want to help, so you fabricate some evidence." "If you thought that the evidence was fake," "I wouldn't still be in jail." "Aren't you going to ask me why I did it?" "Would you like to tell us?" "I throw off the curve." "When I'm in a class, people who usually get A's, suddenly get C's." "Stacy was applying to Harvard." "She wanted me to dumb myself down." "I said no." "She didn't like that." "Uh... babies use the wall dryer." "So you killed her because she messed up your hair?" "No." "I'm used to pranks like that." "I get them most every day." "But Stacy... didn't stop there." "She had to take it to another level." "And she used Scott to do it." "Scott Baird, Stacy's boyfriend." "I was his tutor." "You know, I was really pissed off at Stacy when I heard about e whole... hair dryer thing, but her... her friends had put her up to it." "Stacy wanted me to give you something." "It's a peace offering." "I think you'll look great in it at the Spring Formal." "Oh, you are so going." "You like him." "He's on the basketball team." "I'm 12." "I'm not allowed to like him, but..." "I went anyway." "Over here." "The pictures were up on MySpace that night." "I got a ton of e-mails." "You put dium in the showerhead to get back at her?" "A prank for a prank." "I thought that there'd be a few sparks, that she'd freak out and that'd be it, but the nozzle exploded." "Stacy ran... and fell down the stairs... and died." "I tried to cover it up." "You miscalculated." "I guess I did." "Got the DNA results on the blood from Hannah's sweater." "Stacy." "Hannah." "So she fabricated evidence, and put her own blood on the shirt." "Maybe, maybe not." "The soil on the shirt wa consistent with the dump site." "Hannah could've been at the scene." "She could have cut herself burying the body." "Or she could have gone back to the field at any time within the last four months and rubbed her shirt in the same kind of dirt." "And counted on us to make the match?" "Well, that's just plain scary smart." "I mean, my daughter's a few years older than her, and the most important thing on her mind right now is how much belly button to show off at the mall." "Never thought I'd be grateful for that." "You have to understand." "My child's not capable of murder." "I assume you mean Hannah." "Of course." "Well, Marlon's your child, too." "Marlon's from my wife's first marriage." "He's more like his father." "This is Marlon's room." "No kidding." "It's pretty much the way I left it." "The bleached cloes were in the hamper." "But the real action... was in here." "Shared bathroom." "Very Brady." "Pulled Stacy's hairs out of the sink trap the first time through." "And I found some burn marks around the bathtub drain." "pH tested positive for sodium hydroxide, so..." "I figured Marlon probably did a test run." "The scope of the warrant only covered Marlon's room and other common areas of the house." "I popped my head in here." "Nothing in plain sight at the time." "Was this here before?" "It wasn't in plain sight." "I didn't check it." "Looks like Hannah won the science fair with a project about sodium." "Hannah's just trying to help Marlon." "So they're close?" "No, not really." "Sometimes I think if they didn't share a bathroom, they wouldn't see each other at all." "What do you mean?" "They're on different academic tracks." "Never take any of the same classes, and travel in completely different social circles." "From what we understand," "Hannah doesn't really have a social circle." "The other students bore her." "Hannah spends most of her time with her teachers." "And Marlon?" "I guess..." "I guess he spends most of his time alone." ""Rainbow party"?" "!" "Yeah, it's a party game where boys get the girls to wear different colored lipsticks while they have oral sex." "Boy with the most colors wins." "Supposed to be trendy." "So much for "Spin the Bottle"." "Carrie." ""Weird high school girl" ""gets humiliated at the prom, only to exact her revenge"." "Hann wanted us to find this." "Maybe." "Question is, did she read the book before... or aft the murder?" "We had Hannah's I.Q. tested when she was eight." "It's 177." "She really is one in a million." "Hannah's special." "She's an indigo child." "Indigo child?" "A new breed." "Hannah doesn't just see the world, she sees through it, through people, with an intuition none of us can comprehend." "She's compelled to help others, whether they're worth helping or not." "Ah, the shower curtain the vic was wrapped in." "Yeah, I had Mandy run the unknowns from the original case against Hannah's prints." "She got a match." "Okay." "But Hannah uses those showers after gym class." "This curtain was used in the handicapped shower." "Why would she do that?" "Probably hiding her body." "She's 12." "She hasn't reached puberty." "Undeveloped teen girls are very self-conscious." "Four... fingers, closely spaced." "Grabbing, maybe." "Could be from Hannah dragging Stacy's body." "Hannah weighed 65 pounds." "Stacy about a hundred." "Dead weight." "Plastic slides on grass." "It makes it easier." "It's certainly possible." "D.A.'s not going to like the sound of that." "Sodium demonstration is always a real crowd pleaser." "It's ended up in a senior prank more than once." "I keep it over here, under lock and key, but, unfortunately, the lab's always getting broken into." "It's certainly possible Marlon got the sodium from here." "Everyone have their goggles on?" "Which is precisely what I told the cops four months ago." "You need gloves to handle elemental sodium." "Of course." "It burns skin." "We keep it in kerosene to stabilize it." "Do you think it's possible that Hannah could have stolen it?" "Hannah would never do that." "I'm just wondering if it's possible." "She obviously has access to this room." "Ms. Sidle..." "I've had my share of good students over the years, but Hannah..." "Sometimes, right in the middle of a lecture," "I'll catch her staring at some little thing in the yard - a tree, a squirrel... and all I can think about is how much I wish" "I could see it the way she does." "If Hannah came up and asked me for a chunk of sodium, I'd give it to her, just to see what she would do with it." "The victim's car." "Originally impounded... in front of Scott Baird's house." "Traces of blood and soil consistent with the crime were found in the front seat." "Now, if Hannah's the killer, she had to drive this car." "Well, it's got adjustable seats, tilt and telescoping steering wheel- it's certainly possible." "We go soil and blood on the carpet." "That was in the report." "But this wasn't." "I'd say the killer moved the seat." "Yeah." "12-year-old killer, huh?" "Starting to look that way, yeah." "I bet that Grand Theft Auto had something to do with it." "Mm, I don't know." "I don't think Hannah's really the video-game type." "Never know." "Between you and me, I actually think it's a ton of fun." "Print is a match to Scott Baird." "Isn't that the victim's boyfriend?" "Two people confessed to the murder, and now you're accusing my son?" "Kids do stupid things." "Marlon covers for Hannah," "Hannah covers for Scott." "Dad..." "Don't say a word." "DNA confirmed your fingerprint in Stacy's car, in Stacy's blood." "Scott loved Stacy." "We all did." "And when whoever killed her parked her car in my driveway to frame my son," "I understood why you had to talk to him." "But this?" "That's it." "We're leaving." "Come on, Scott." "This is the only chance you're going to get." "If you walk out that door, you're under arrest." "I want a lawyer." "I want to talk without my dad." "This is ridiculous." "I asked you guys to rule out one suspect, now we have three." "He's willing to talk," "I'd say we caught a break." "The father's going to sue." "Oh, I'd put money on that." "Okay, Scott." "You said you wanted to talk." "Let's talk." "This doesn't get back to our families, all right?" "My dad's a deacon, and Stacy's dad is, too." "They'll never understand." "They won't hear anything from me." "I was pressuring Stacy to have sex." "She kept resisting." "It was that stupid virginity pledge that she had taken at the high school." "I Id her that I loved her, and that nothing should get in the way of that." "Not even God." "I take it that convinced her." "Yeah." "I mean, really?" "You really do?" "Yeah." "I love you." "I love you with all of my heart." "There was a little blood." "Not a lot, but..." "After, she... she started feeling guilty, so" "I went back into the front of the car and I tossed the condom." "And... then I... wiped my fingers under the seat." "Hodges, Stokes." "Listen, there's a bloody fingerprint in the back freezer from Stacy Vollmer's car." "Pull it and test it for spermicides and lubricants." "We need it quickly, all right?" "I'm on it." "If it tests positive, it will clear him." "Yeah." "Which means we're down to Malcolm and Hannah." "Right back where we started." "Stacy said that she was afraid that God would punish her for having sex." "I told her that was crazy." "Guess I was wrong." "Archie is not getting much off of Hannah's computer." "Most of her files are encrypted AES-256." "It's going to be nearly impossible to crack." "What do you mean by "most"?" "Well, it's not much, but apparently Hannah had IP access to the laser printer in the high school library." "Same one that printed the "Out of Order" signs for the shower." "If she printed those signs, it shows intent." "Ah, teen lust." "Starts with some chemistry, and then you mess around with some biology, and once you have some experience "under your belt,"" "then you introduce the physics." "Apparently, chivalry is not dead:" "the bloody fingerprint tested positive for nonoxynol spermicide." "So much for the boyfriend." "If we can't pin this on Hannah or Marlon, they could both walk." "You could flip a coin." "I have a better idea." "I bet you really liked high school." "Yeah, playing football, chasing girls, books when I wanted to learn something - what's not to like?" "Hey, guys." "This is Darcy, my wife Tina's niece." "Hi, Darcy." "You were right; she's about Hannah's size." "More or less." "Stop talking about me." "Hey, that's the best part!" "That's what the pause button's for." "It's time to work, it's child labor day." "Okay." "Crime started right here." "Think you could reach that?" "It's kind of hard to sabotage a shower head you can't touch." "Depends on what's behind the curtain." "A stool." "Just like the one in Hannah's bathroom." "Try this." "Hannah had access to the chem lab, and she knew how to handle sodium..." "Stacy would not have known what hit her." "Or where she was going." "Stacy landed here and bled out from the trauma to her skull." "Darcy, why don't you put those headphones back on?" "Like I didn't hear what you guys just said?" "Hannah could have done this." "Maybe." "But the next part, that was the toughest." "It's too heavy!" "Come on, you're almost there!" "It's building character!" "It's slow going, but you're doing it." "Yeah, so far." "That's okay." "Look, even if she makes it to the grass, you think she could've pulled the body the entire length of the football field?" "There were scratches on the shower curtain- the body was dragged at least part of the way." "There's no way Hannah pulled it the entire distance." "Not by herself." "They did it together." "So... did I help the dead girl?" "If Marlon and Hannah committed this crime together, then they're probably still working as a team." "It's all part of the plan:" "he confesses, then she confesses." "Muddy the waters enough, they both get off on reasonable doubt." "Well, if we can't get one to implicate the other, we're screwed." "I don't get it." "What's wrong with you people?" "You want me to confess?" "Again?" "Fine, I will." "Marlon, you need to confirm that you're willing to talk to me without a parent or lawyer present, just a child advocate." "I already said that was okay." "I killed Stacy, what else do I have to tell you?" "Well, the truth works for me." "I like the truth." "Look, I don't need a lawyer, and I don't need my parents." "I just want to do what's right." "Hannah, taking the blame for something you didn't do may be noble, but it doesn't make it right." "That's deep." "Okay." "It happened like this:" "Stacy humiliated me, I wanted revenge." "Yeah, and you knew that there was no way you were ever going to get it by yourself." "You moved the body, you buried it..." "I know I did;" "I was there." "What's the problem?" "Well, the problem is what happened in the locker room." "I mean, you're not the kind of guy who puts sodium in a shower head to get back at somebody." "You just trip them in the hallway." "So you think I'm too stupid to have done it." "Great, join the club." "I don't think you're stupid, Marlon," "I didn't say you were stupid." "But this is Hannah's game." "The whole way." "I broke into the chem lab." "I stole the sodium." "Me." "All by myself." "It takes skills to handle a chemical like that properly." "And, quite frankly, man, you just don't have the skills." "Your prank went bad, and Stacy ended up dead." "That's what I said." "Marlon helped you bury her." "No." "Why won't you believe me?" "Marlon wasn't there." "Stay away from Hannah." "She had nothing to do with this." "No, no, she had everything to do with this." "You two were working together from the beginning." "Just leave her alone." "Marlon helped you move the body." "He didn't!" "You expect me to believe that a little girl like you lugged a hundred pounds of dead weight the length of a football field by yourself?" "No, of course not, that's why I had to use the cart." "What cart?" "The electric cart." "The one the landscapers were using." "It was just sitting there, right outside the door." "Wait a minute." "I got something." "Let me clean up this image." "I see a cart, Sara." "So Hannah could be telling the truth." "It's enough for reasonable doubt." "Great." "Thanks, Warrick." "The evidence says either one of them could have done it, but I think they were in it together." "Okay, I'll proceed against Marlon for the murder and bring charges against Hannah for conspiracy." "Another trial?" "You sure you want to go through all this again?" "Stacy's parents and the community will have my ass if I don't." "Well, then maybe this is good news." "I was just going over Sofia's notes from the original investigation." "The night of the murder," "Hannah and Marlon's parents had left them alone in the house." "Pizza was delivered to the residence around 9:00 p. m." "That's right around Stacy's TOD." "So, did anybody talk to the delivery guy?" "Yes, and at the point that Sofia did, a month had passed." "Now, the delivery guy's at the house all the time." "He recognized photos of both kids, but he could not be sure which one answered the door." "But one of them did answer the door." "So that means they were not together at the time Stacy was killed." "Yeah." "So much for conspiracy." "We're right back where we started." "Where we are is in the crapper." "Look, I have to disclose the cart." "Defense is going to eat me alive." "Marlon's your guy." "He's your guy - just because Hannah wasn't there doesn't mean she didn't help plan this." "Well, I sure hope it's Marlon, because he's the one we have on trial." "I stand by the case we filed." "I agree." "The girl's just trying to protect him." "Sara?" "This was more about brains than brawn." "I think Hannah did it." "Two out of three." "In my world, that's called an acquittal." "High school." "Even if you're popular, or a jock, or a brain... it can be hell." "Everybody here remembers what it was like... what it was really like." "Now take a look at Marlon West." "Take a good, hard look." "Not popular... not a jock... not a brain." "Now imagine what it must be like to be Marlon West day after day after day in the sociological pressure cooker of high school." "This imposing, struggling outsider like Marlon resenting someone like Stacy Voler, who made it look so easy to be popular, athletic and smart." "That strong resentment was already festering when Stacy made Marlon's sister the object of a typical high school prank." "And that is when Marlon, his resentment boiling over, crossed a line:" "He stalked Stacy." "You've seen and heard evidence illustrating the elaborate pains he took to rig a shower head to torture Stacy, how he forced her to run and fall, and watched her die in a pool of her own blood." "You know, for the first time in his life," "Marlon feels like a hero." "He's not invisible anymore." "He's a killer... and he is guilty beyond all reasonable doubt." ""Reasonable doubt"." "You know, I'm not surprised to hear the prosecution say those words, because its case offers nothing but reasonable doubt." "Access to sodium?" "!" "Marlon couldn't find sodium on a periodic table of the elements, let alone a locked supply closet." "Access to library printers?" "Do you really think a kid like Marlon spends any time in a library?" "The shower head - yes, Marlon's tall enough." "He could reach it, but he still would have had to have handled a volatile chemical with expert safety precautions in order to orchestrate an explosion." "I meanladies and gentlemen, do you know how to do that?" "I don't know how to do that." "Right?" "You'd have to be... a genius." "Marlon?" "Not a genius." "You know, one of the underpinnings of our justice system is that it is better to send a hundred guilty men free than to imprison even one who's innocent." "Marlon West is an innocent man." "Reasonable doubt compels you to find him not guilty." "Defendant shall rise." "Madam Foreman, what is the jury's verdict?" "On the sole count of murder in the first degree, we, the jury, find the defendant, Marlon West... not guilty." "So noted." "Court orders the defendant released from custody." "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, thank you for your service." "Court is adjourned." "Sign here." "Hey, there." "Did you come to say bye?" "No." "Actually, you and I are going to be seeing a lot of each other." "If you thought the DA wouldn't prosecute a 12-year-old for murder, you were wrong." "He wants justice for Stacy and her family." "Of course." "He's a totally linear thinker." "Most of you guys are." "Shame on you, Ms. Sidle." "Come on, Hannah." "You don't need to listen to this." "Mom, just give us a second." "You were saying?" "Here." "Hannah, with your gifts, you could've done anything you wanted, and you picked murder." "You can't take that back." "You're worried how I'm going turn out." "Of course I am." "I know it seems like a really long time, but... in five years, the Stacies of the world would've been behind you." "Let me guess." "You were a smart kid in school." "Maybe you feel we're a little bit alike." "There aren't many people like you." "That's what my parents always say, too." "The last four months, all they cared about was the effect of the trial on me... not Marlon." "It's been that way ever since I was 14 months old and started spelling words with plastic letters." "It's so unfair, and nobody ever sees it." "He doesn't deserve to go to jail." "If I get convicted, what's the worst-case scenario?" "I mean, I'll be out in five years with an undergraduate degree." "There's no "Son of Sam" law in Nevada- that was ruled unconstitutional- so I'm free to write a book about all this." "The story'll be worth millions." "Freaks are always good box office." "You're not a freak." "When's the last time you had to sit down to be eye-level with a murder suspect who was standing up?" "Hannah, you are smart." "So I've been told." "But you're not smart enough to get away with murder." "I think I am." "A lot of people are smart enough to get away with murder." "You probably are, too." "But you have to be really smart to make people think things happened that never did." "What do you mean, exactly?" "Please don't worry about me." "I'm going to be fine." "I didn't kill Stacy." "Marlon did."


Methods for ablating neurons.
This past year, laser ablation has been applied to investigations of neuromuscular connectivity in Drosophila, neuronal function in nematode, and mammalian central nervous system development. Ablation by targeted gene expression has been refined and applied to questions of neural development. Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation has been used to demonstrate distinct functions for two proteins during grasshopper neural development.


Q:

Spring MVC Abstract Controller PathVariable

I've an abstract controller and have path variables in some of it's operations:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/generic-status/v1")
public abstract class GenericStatusController{

    @RequestMapping(value = "/connection/availability/{connectionName}", method = { RequestMethod.GET })
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    @ResponseBody
    public abstract ConnectionResult checkConnection( @PathVariable("connectionName") String connectionName ) throws ConnectionException, ParameterInvalidException, StatusApiException;

When I extend and use it all request mappings are working properly. But unfortunately path variable always come as null.
Could you please help me in this ?
Thanks in advance

A:

As M.Deinum pointed out:
From what ive deducted after extending this abstract controller you have something like this:
@Override
ConnectionResult checkConnection(String connectionName) throws ConnectionException, ParameterInvalidException, StatusApiException; {
     // logic
}

Which means that the instance of controller you will be using has actually no @PathVariable mapping describing and telling Spring it should provide it as an argument to the method.
Solution: Add @PathVariable also in extending controller:
@Override
ConnectionResult checkConnection(@PathVariable("connectionName") String connectionName) throws ConnectionException, ParameterInvalidException, StatusApiException; {
     // logic
}


Bolo Zenden: Now let’s catch Bolton!

BOLO Zenden believes Sunderland can still overhaul Bolton in the Premier League’s home straight after beating the Wanderers at the weekend.

And he insists the Black Cats must hungrily pursue the top-10 finish that was their target all along in the remaining two games of the season.

“We can still do it,” he said. “The win over Bolton makes a difference – we are still only two points behind them with a couple of games left.

“It will be difficult I know, but we need to see if we can get into the top 10.

“The three points against Bolton makes everything nicer, but one of the goals we set ourselves at the start of the season was finishing in the top 10 and that’s what we’re still going for.

“It has been a strange sort of season for us, but injuries have hit us badly.

“We only had 12 first-team players on Friday – so it was easy for the gaffer to pick his team – and that’s the way it has been over the last few months.

“A few months ago we were talking about the top eight and then recently we’ve been looking over our shoulders because we’ve been on a very bad run, but now we need to go for that top 10.”

Zenden scored one and helped set up the second for strikerless Sunderland against Bolton and will now expect to keep his place in the starting line-up against Wolves this coming Saturday and away to West Ham on the final day of the season.

If he is heavily involved in both matches it might help persuade the out-of-contract 34-year-old to stay with Sunderland another year.

No contract talks have yet been entered into but, for Zenden, more minutes on the pitch are essential if he is to extend his time at the Stadium of Light beyond this month.

“I hope I’ve shown I can still play at this level,” he said.

“I don’t get many games and it has not been easy, but I got my opportunity and scored and to get 90 minutes is really pleasing for me.

“I’ve spoken to people and I feel I’m important for the club but it’s not just that.

“I want to be important for the team as well.

“Being out there, I realise this is what makes me happy. You can train as much as you want, but what you need is games to keep yourself going.

“I think I can continue playing.

“I’m only 34, I’ve seen players carry on so much longer so why can’t I? I’ve always lived for my sport, I don’t drink, I don’t smoke so I can get the benefits at the end of my career.

“For me, the most important thing is to play games.

“At 34, it’s easier to be playing at least once a week to keep you ticking. But if that doesn’t happen, it makes it harder to keep up.

“I’d like to stay in England if I can, but I’ve always been open to any opportunity.

“I’ve played eight years in the Premier League and my goal against Bolton means I’ve scored every season I’ve played here, so I was pleased with that.”

H Sunderland have not agreed a permanent move with John Mensah, despite claims over the weekend.

The club has yet to make a decision on the future of the injury-prone Ghanaian who has been on loan to the Stadium of Light for the past two seasons.

But it is believed that parent club Lyon ARE ready to cut their losses on the player they originally signed for £8m and will offer him to Sunderland permanently this summer in a cut-price £1m deal.


An amusement park in Japan has been forced to close its skating rink after a torrent of online criticism over its centrepiece: thousands of fish frozen into the ice.

Space World in the city of Kitakyushu, south-west Japan, bowed to pressure to close the facility on Sunday after an online campaign denouncing the piscine graveyard as “cruel”, “immoral” and “weird”.

The rink, which was supposed to have stayed open until the spring, featured about 5,000 dead sprats, mackerel and other fish that had been bought from a local market embedded in the ice, some with their mouths still open in apparent suspended animation, according to local media reports.

For Japan’s ‘stranded singles’, virtual love beats the real thing

Read more

The fish were also used to spell out “hello” under the ice and to form an arrow showing skaters which direction to follow.

Other parts of the rink showed rays and whale sharks that, the park pointed out, were merely enlarged photos that had been placed beneath the ice.

The outcry was prompted after the fish, some of which appear to be swimming in formation around a pillar, were featured in a local TV report last week.

Skaters on the rink at Space World in Kitakyushu with enlarged photos of rays under the ice. Photograph: STR/AFP/Getty Images

Space World’s Facebook page was inundated with complaints and calls for the attraction to close.

One commenter said the park was “disrespectful of life”, while another said it was displaying an “appalling lack of morality”.

The facility’s website had touted the Ice Aquarium as an opportunity for visitors to “glide across the sea” in what it called the first attraction of its kind in the world.

But on Sunday, the park announced it was closing the ice rink. “We deeply apologise to people who felt uncomfortable about the Ice Aquarium event,” it said in a statement quoted in the Japan Times. “As a result, we have stopped the event from today.”

A spokesperson told the Asahi Shimbun that the park was considering holding a memorial service for the fish next year, adding that the fish were already dead when they were bought from a local wholesaler.

“Misunderstandings spread on the internet that the fish were frozen while they were still alive, but that was not the case,” the spokesperson told the newspaper. “We should have explained more.”


203 Mich. App. 235 (1994)
512 N.W.2d 65
PEOPLE
v.
GAYDOSH
Docket No. 149510.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Submitted September 15, 1993, at Lansing.
Decided January 18, 1994, at 9:10 A.M.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, Irving C. Shaw, Jr., Prosecuting Attorney, and Jonathan L. Poer, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
James L. Fisher, for the defendant.
Before: McDONALD, P.J., and SAWYER and MARILYN KELLY, JJ.
*236 MARILYN KELLY, J.
Defendant appeals as of right from his jury conviction for resisting and obstructing a police officer in the discharge of duty. MCL 750.479; MSA 28.747. On appeal, defendant claims that the judge's instruction to the jury impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to him and amounted to a directed verdict for the prosecution. We agree and reverse.
I
Defendant was arrested for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. He failed various sobriety tests and refused a Breathalyzer test. As a consequence, a magistrate issued a warrant authorizing the police to seize a sample of his blood. Defendant refused to consent to the blood test. The arresting officer testified that he informed defendant that his failure to comply would cause him to be charged with resisting and obstructing a police officer. Defendant continued to refuse the blood test.
Consequently, he was charged with operating a vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor and with resisting and obstructing a police officer. MCL 257.625(6); MSA 9.2325(6); MCL 750.479; MSA 28.747. The jury acquitted him of the drunk driving charge but convicted him of resisting and obstructing.
On appeal, defendant challenges the validity of a portion of the jury instruction. The judge first gave the standard instruction on resisting and obstructing. CJI2d 13.3. The section on intent reads:
Sixth, that the Defendant intended to [resist/assault] the officer. [CJI2d 13.3(7).]
Immediately after giving it, the judge added:

*237 It is not necessary that the officer or medical personnel attempt to take the sample by force. As a matter of law, a Defendant's refusal to consent to the Court-ordered blood test is sufficient resistance to support a conviction of this charge if the blood draw is being done or was being offered to be done in a medically safe manner.
Defendant's objection is to the addition.
II
We read jury instructions in their entirety to determine if error occurred requiring reversal. Instructions which are somewhat imperfect are acceptable, so long as they fairly present to the jury the issues to be tried and sufficiently protect the rights of the defendant. People v Caulley, 197 Mich App 177, 184; 494 NW2d 853 (1992).
Reading the instructions in their entirety and the disputed instruction in context, we conclude that the added instruction given in this case left the jury with no alternative but to convict defendant. Defendant admitted that he refused the blood test. The medical technologist assigned to draw his blood testified to her qualifications and the safe manner she would have used to draw the blood. As a result, the instruction improperly invaded the province of the jury and was tantamount to a directed verdict from the bench.
Directed verdicts of guilt in criminal jury trials are forbidden by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments. People v Chamblis, 395 Mich 408, 420; 236 NW2d 473 (1975), overruled in part on other grounds in People v Stephens, 416 Mich 252; 330 NW2d 675 (1982), citing People v Reed, 393 Mich 342, 349; 224 NW2d 867 (1975). Appellate courts considering the issue have not hesitated to reverse a guilty verdict when an instruction amounted to *238 a directed verdict or otherwise improperly invaded the province of the jury. People v Clark, 295 Mich 704; 295 NW 370 (1940); People v Anschutz, 335 Mich 375, 380-381; 56 NW2d 224 (1953); 75A Am Jur 2d, Trial, §§ 1017-1024, pp 568-572.
Our Supreme Court as well has concluded that an instruction must not exclude from jury consideration material issues, defenses or theories if there is evidence to support them. The Court determined that a harmless error analysis is not appropriate where a judge has invaded the province of the jury. Reed, 348-351.
In this case, defendant argued that he lacked the requisite intent to resist the officer, but because of the challenged instruction, the jury was not entitled to consider that testimony. The instruction removed from the jury the factual determination of one element of the crime. See Sandstrom v Montana, 442 US 510; 99 S Ct 2450; 61 L Ed 2d 39 (1979).
The instruction also freed the prosecution from its obligation to prove each element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In re Winship, 397 US 358; 90 S Ct 1068; 25 L Ed 2d 368 (1970). We are aware that defendant's refusal showed resistance. People v Kelley, 78 Mich App 769, 774; 260 NW2d 923 (1977). However, when covering defendant's refusal in instructing on intent, the judge omitted language which permitted the jury to accept or reject the inference that defendant's behavior established his intent. A fair and simple reading of the instruction leads one to conclude that defendant's refusal established the requisite intent as a matter of law. In giving the instruction, the trial court undermined the essential fact-finding function of the jury.
Certainly no one would deny the jury's absolute *239 right to disbelieve all the "undisputed evidence" and acquit the defendant altogether. A "jury has the power to bring in a verdict in the teeth of both law and facts." [Chamblis, 421, quoting Horning v District of Columbia, 254 US 135, 138; 41 S Ct 53; 65 L Ed 185 (1920).]
We find, also, that the challenged instruction impermissibly shifted the burden of proof on the question of intent to defendant. It required him to overcome a presumption that refusal meant that he intended to resist the officer. In a criminal trial, a defendant is under no such obligation.
Instructions to the effect that the jury should look to defendant for evidence explaining his acts or that the law presumes intent from defendant's acts may serve to impermissibly shift the burden of proof. Where the burden is erroneously cast upon defendant to prove the absence of the intent required for conviction, reversal is mandated. [People v Smith, 67 Mich App 145, 149-150; 240 NW2d 475 (1976).]
The instruction denied the jury the right to believe or disbelieve the evidence as it saw fit. It freed the prosecutor from his duty to prove each element of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt. It impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to defendant and left the jury with no alternative but to convict defendant. We reverse.
McDONALD, P.J., concurred.
SAWYER, J. (concurring).
I concur in the result only.


## DEVDUTT PATTANAIK

### Shakti : A Female Power

PENGUIN BOOKS

PENGUIN BOOKS

## Contents

Shakti

_Follow Penguin_

_Copyright_

## Shakti

#### What is shakti? Is it the concept of divine cosmic energy? Is it a devi?

The Puranas use literary devices like metaphors, idioms, stories to convey concepts. There are two parallel forces in the universe. One is the inanimate, material force, which is tangible, sagun. The other is the one with life, prana shakti, which is intangible, nirgun. Trees, colours and even gender, among other things, can be used as a means of expressing a thought. So, the sagun has been described through the female form and the nirgun through the male form. Our human body is split into two parts: the perceptible, palpable flesh, sagun, and the mind, which cannot be seen or touched, nirgun. The former is called prakriti, nature, shakti, and the latter is atma, soul. Once the atma leaves the body, the body becomes lifeless, although you can still see and feel it. prakriti remains, and that is the feminine aspect. In Sanskrit, it is called the world of naam and roop, that is, name and appearance, which is identifiable, thus sagun; the other world is different from or beyond this.

#### There are fascinating stories about devis like Saraswati, Parvati and Lakshmi, in which they invariably have a more significant role to play than the male gods. Please throw some light on this.

If you look at it from a feminist angle, it's a male–female divide, but if you look at it spiritually, the male gods—the Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva)—are creating, sustaining and destroying. All these are action words, verbs. On the other hand, Saraswati is associated with knowledge, Lakshmi with wealth, Durga with shakti, power—all these are nouns. Knowledge, wealth and power exist in the world, but you need someone to create, sustain and destroy them. Similarly, in grammar, you need both verb and noun to form a sentence. Male forms are associated with verbs and female forms with nouns, and together they form language.

#### The three devis are forms of Shakti and are the consorts of the three gods. Aren't the Tridevi superior to the Trimurti?

You cannot separate devas and devis. Different sects have different beliefs: in the Shakta tradition, the Goddess is most superior, whereas in the Vaishnava tradition it is Vishnu. But taken together there is no clear case for one being superior to the other. Just like man and woman, one cannot exist without the other. This is represented in Shiva's Ardhanareshwara form, where he is half-man, half-woman. In many temples, you will find depictions of dampatya, married couple, to show this principle. To live, you need both mind and body; you cannot separate them.

#### There is a saying that Shiva without Shakti is shav, dead. Tell us about this.

There is a story about a time when, upset by Shiva's aloofness towards her, Parvati leaves him, saying he doesn't realize that he needs her for it is she who looks after him and his devotees. Later, Shiva witnesses a famine and people leaving for Kashi because it is fertile. He finds Parvati feeding people and asks her for food, saying he needs her.

The philosophy here is that the living will always experience hunger because they have a body to sustain. This is a story about hunger. Shiva is a great tapasvi and a god, and has conquered hunger. Devi tells him, 'You may be great but not your devotees who still feel hungry. Will you tell them to meditate or give them food?' The story talks of the basic reality of life.

Sometime during the ancient period, sages began giving sermons about relinquishing desire to obtain moksha, and so on. Women said that while these ideas were profound, children would still bawl with hunger. The husbands wished to settle in dhams, holy places, and become vairagis. But even they would feel hungry towards the evening. The women told their menfolk that unless they worked, tilled the fields, engaged in trade, etc., they could not expect to run the household. This concept is illustrated through the simple exchange between Shiva and Shakti.

The form of Shakti here is Annapurna, who tells Shiva that on Kailasa, where he resides, no one is hungry, but in Kashi, where ordinary people reside, everyone feels hungry. Will Shiva not serve them? So, Shiva descends from Kailasa to Kashi, and becomes Shankara Bhagavan who grants people vardaan and food. It is interesting that Annapurna, the goddess of the kitchen, who cooks food, is married to Shiva who is never in need of food—so, whom is she cooking for? And Shiva is known as bhiksha-tan, he who asks for alms of food; since he never feels hungry, he is asking not for himself but for his devotees.

The dual message here is that while you seek food, you should also prevent your hunger from growing out of proportion, otherwise it gives rise to greed. There's also a concept of striking a balance between greed and contentment. Shiva is talking of contentment, while Shakti is focused on food and other desires. We have to find equilibrium between becoming greedy and renouncing the world.

#### There is a famous story about Devi Mahatmya. During festivals in south India, plays based on this story are performed. Tell us about this form of the Devi.

Devi Mahatmya is a famous story about Durga. Durga is worshipped in Bengal during Dussehra, in Gujarat during Navaratri when the garba dance happens, during the jagrata in north India, etc. Devi Mahatmya came in late after Vishnu Purana but is very powerful, and probably arose out of folklore.

The story goes that the asura king Rambha and Princess Mahishi get married and have a son, Mahisha-asura, who can take the form of an animal at will. After years of doing penance, he is granted a boon by Brahma: no deva, asura, animal, or even the Tridev can kill him. Mahisha gains immense power and defeats all the devas of Indra-loka easily. A troubled Indra seeks the help of the Trimurti. They find a loophole in the boon, and create a woman. Shiva gives her his trishul, Indra gives her his vajra, Agni gives her a bhal and Surya gives her the power of ten thousand suns. Raja Himavan gives her a lion as a vehicle and Vishnu gives her the name Durga. With this arsenal, Durga fights a pitched battle, and the number of dead asuras, rakshasas and elephants keeps rising. The last asura to enter the battlefield is Mahisha and the battle intensifies. Mahisha keeps changing forms to attack her, but she destroys each one, ultimately killing him with Shiva's trishul.

If you observe the idol of Durga carefully, she is dressed in red, in jewels, and looks like a bride, but she has weapons in her hands and is killing a buffalo. It is a violent image. The concept here is that for bhoga, to satiate hunger, you need to offer sacrifice, to kill. Even for cultivation, you burn a forest, kill snakes, rats. So whether it is vegetarian or non-vegetarian, food is acquired through violence. Grihastha jeevan, the householder's life—where there is dhan, dhanya, sampatti, wealth—entails violence. The extent of violence depends on your viveka, conscience. This is the niyam, rule, of prakriti.

#### Devi has taken the extreme forms of Parvati and Durga. How so?

It's like us human beings. We have different personae in different situations, as with children, parents, our superiors, when we serve, and so on. Devis and devas too change according to the circumstances. These stories are very intimate, drawn from human life and issues. For instance, when we get angry we take on the form of Rudra, but at other moments, we can take on the calm aspect of Shiva as well.

#### Did the Devi come before Bhagavan or after?

This is a very political question; if women are seeing this, I have to say the Devi came first! Anyhow, this is a spiritual, philosophical, metaphysical subject. No one can say who came first, the man or the woman. We're all equal, and the order of appearance doesn't suggest that one is greater than the other.

In the Shakta tradition, Devi came first; in the Vaishnava tradition, Vishnu came first. Natural historians would say that prakriti existed before human beings and will continue to exist after them. If we see prakriti in the female form, Devi is eternal. Prakriti is the canvas on which a painting is made; the act of painting is masculine as it's a verb. In the Puranas, Shakti is both mother and daughter. The mother is Prakriti, nature, and the daughter is Sanskriti, culture.

This is a metaphor, only meant to indicate a deeper concept. When taken literally, it loses its bhaav, essence. Everyone has a role in the Brahmanda, the universe, which comprises male and female, Shiva and Shakti.

## THE BEGINNING

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##### PENGUIN BOOKS

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New Zealand | India | South Africa

Penguin Books is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies whose addresses can be found at  global.penguinrandomhouse.com.

First published by Penguin Books India 2016

Copyright © EPIC Television Networks Private Limited 2016
Text for this edition copyright © Devdutt Pattanaik 2016

The moral right of the author has been asserted

Cover design by Neeraj Nath

This digital edition published in 2016.
e-ISBN: 978-9-385-99060-1

The views and opinions expressed in this book are the author's own and the facts are as reported by him which have been verified to the extent possible, and the publishers are not in any way liable for the same.

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

# Contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title page
  3. Contents
  4. Shakti
  5. Follow Penguin
  6. Copyright

  1. Cover
  2. Brand Page
  3. Shakti : A Female Power
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Beginning of book
  6. Copyright


BlogCN

Established in November 2002, BlogCN is the first free blog hosting service provider in China. Based in the eastern city of Hangzhou, BlogCN has built the world's largest Chinese blog community, blog hosting service, and blog search engine. The Internet portal offers free blog space, but began to charge for value-added services, including mobile phone features, in 2005. BlogCN simultaneously introduced a virtual coin system to purchase such services. The total value of BlogCN is estimated at US$10,000,000. 70-80% of its revenue comes from advertising. The website is supported by Web 2.0 software.

Notable bloggers
The company first came into the public's attention in 2003 because of its blogger Mu Zimei. Her blog contained straightforward descriptions of her sexual encounters with various men, which was a first for China. Zhiguang Hu, the founder and now director of BlogCN, was featured in an article in the August 24, 2005 issue of BusinessWeek entitled A Watchful Eye on China's Blogosphere.

References

External links
BlogCN Homepage (in Chinese)
Layerhost Website

Category:Chinese social networking websites
Category:Blog hosting services
Category:Blog search engines


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Headlands Dark Sky Park 4th Anniversary

Thursday, May 7, 2015

Headlands Dark Sky Park, Mackinaw City

Come celebrate with the 4th anniversary of Headlands International Dark Sky Park Designation. The program will include panel discussion by scientific, industry, and humanities experts in honor of 2015: the International Year of Light and Lighting.

The Headlands, a beautiful 550-acre park just west of Mackinaw City, is one of six International Dark Sky Parks in the U.S. and one of nine in the world. Named a Dark Sky Park in May 2011, this designation means that The Headlands is a spectacular place for sky and star gazing.


Cathepsin K overexpression modifies lung development in newborn mice.
Cathepsin K (CatK), contributes to the development of chronic lung disease in newborn infants, but the impact of CatK for the lungs may be multifaceted. We have previously demonstrated that low level of CatK is associated with newborn lung injury and CatK deficiency aggravates lung injury in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Thus, we hypothesized that sustained/higher expression of CatK could ameliorate hyperoxia-induced injury and restrain the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We studied the lungs of newborn wild-type (WT) and CatK overexpressing transgenic mice (TG) that were exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 7 or 14 days after birth. Fourfold pulmonary overexpression of CatK did not affect the growth or lung weight in room-air bred TG mice. The distal airspaces in TG mice were, however, enlarged on postnatal days (PN) 7 and 14, the latter together with increased apoptosis, compared with WT controls. Survival rate was normal and no respiratory distress was observed in air-bred TG mice. Hyperoxia inhibited alveolarization and increased collagen accumulation in WT mice. In TG mice, hyperoxia for 1 week did not aggravate the lung injury, and the lung morphology and already enlarged alveoli remained unchanged in TG mice at PN7. Prolonged hyperoxic exposure caused significant lung injury and mortality similarly in both group of mice, and only few mice survived until PN14. In summary, CatK overexpression slightly enlarges distal airways in infant mice, but hyperoxic environment is initially better tolerated when compared to WT mice. These findings suggest multifaceted role for CatK in lung development and newborn lung injury.


Q:

18 families and 6 plays

I have to organize a meeting with 18 families. Each family has to play 6 plays. For each play 3 families meet.
How can I combine them, so they always meet different families?

A:

This is not possible; even a simpler variation with 12 families and 2 families per play is impossible. This is known as the Thirty-six officers problem.


James McElroy

James "Jimmy Mac" McElroy (1945 - 2011) was an Irish American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan, New York who was an enforcer for The Westies, a criminal organization that operated out of Hell's Kitchen.

Biography

Jimmy McElroy was born in 1945 in the Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan area of New York City. He rose through the ranks of a group known for counterfeiting, extortion and murder during the 70's and 80's.

A former boxer turned drug dealer, McElroy was known for being the driver of the infamous "meat wagon" (a large van used by the mob to transport dismembered body parts). Under control of Jimmy Coonan he became the third highest-ranking member of the Westies during that time.

In 1990 he testified against John Gotti to get a reduction in his racketeering charges, stating that he acted on orders from the Gambino Boss when assaulting a Carpenter's Union official three blocks down from the Hudson River piers. Gotti was acquitted on all charges and McElroy spent the rest of his life in prison.

Death

In May 2011 McElroy died in federal custody, his body was transferred to New York where a funeral procession was held at The Church of the Holy Cross in the renamed Clinton neighborhood.

References

External links

Category:1945 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:American mobsters of Irish descent
Category:American people who died in prison custody
Category:Mobsters who died in prison custody
Category:Mafia hitmen
Category:People convicted of racketeering


Q:

MatLab (presented data)

I have imported the data from MATLAB file contains these variables:
X is 1x25 double vector

A = 100

B = 62.3000

Y is 50x25 Matrix

I want to present the data on a scatter plot.

A:

You can pass a vector as the first input to plot and a matrix (with a dimension which matches the size of the first vector) as the second input and it will create a plot for each pairing of the first vector and each row/column of the second input.
plot(X, Y, 'o')

This will automatically color each row of Y differently. If you'd like the entire plot to be the same color, you can specify the color when creating the plot
plot(X, Y, 'o', 'Color', 'black')

If, however, you want to use scatter, you'll need to make sure that the two inputs have the same size. You can do this by applying repmat to X to make it the same size as Y
xx = repmat(X, size(Y, 1), 1);
scatter(xx(:), Y(:))


Q:

WebApp that communicates using only json objects?

Hey everyone, I've been thinking about how the majority of web apps works at the moment. If as an example the backend is written in java/php/python what you probably see is that the backend is "echoing / printing" the html ready to the browser, right.
For web apps that works using almost exclusively ajax, is there a reason to not simply communicate without html, as an example just by using JSON objects passing back and fourth between the server and client, and instead of "printing or echoing" html in our script/app backend we simply echo the json string, ajax fetches it and converts the JSON string to an object with all of our attributes/arrays and so on.
Surely this way we have less characters to send, no html tags and so on, and on the client side we simply use frameworks such as jQuery etc and create/format our html there instead of printing and echoing the html in the server scripts?
Perhaps people already do this but I have not really seen a lot of apps work this way?
The reason is that I want todo this is because I would like to separate the layer of presentation and logic more than it currently is, so instead of "echoing" html in my java/php I just "echo" json objects, and javascript takes care of the whole presentation layer, is there something fundamentally wrong with this, what are your opinions?
Thanks again Stackoverflow.

A:

There are quite a few apps that work this way (simply communicating via AJAX using JSON objects rather than sending markup).
I've worked on a few and it has its advantages.
In some cases though (like when working with large result sets) it makes more sense to render the markup on the server side and send it to the browser. That way, you're not relying on JavaScript/DOM Manipulation to create a large document (which, depending on the browser, would perform poorly).


Capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of DNA adduct mixtures.
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an emerging technique that can be applied to the separation of neutral compound mixtures and provides a versatile alternative to micellar electrokinetic chromatography. In this paper, CEC is applied to the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and in vitro reaction products of PAH deoxynucleoside adducts. Some unique features related to CEC, such as convenience of stopping the flow, nanoliter flow rate, and low sample consumption, are discussed. On-column focusing in CEC can be conducted by introducing the analytes in a solution of lower solvent strength followed by elution with a stronger mobile phase, in a manner analogous to that used in normal HPLC (e.g., a 10-fold preconcentration factor can be readily achieved). Coupling of CEC to mass spectrometry for the detection of a relatively dilute DNA adduct mixture solution (10(-6) M) using the on-column focusing method is also presented.


GT5 Commentary - Course Maker

Toscana from the GT5 demo has gotten me to wonder what could be possible with the new track editor. Looking back on old news of GT5 has gotten me to learn more about the track editor, which I was previously opposed to. The reason why I was opposed to this editor was because making distinctive (key word) and unique courses with given environments. I then started to study what this new model could provide, and needless to say, I do have my preoccupations and reservations about any created track with the GT5 course maker.

This blog post concerns the Course Maker for Gran Turismo 5 and my commentary on it. (UPDATE! - November 21, 2010) I have updated my views on this topic in my new Gran Turismo blog! To see the blog post in question, click here: "GT5 Course Maker Commentary").

--- Backtrack ---

Before I begin with commentary, allow me to call to your attention an image from the past...

^ From E3 2009, a first look at a seemingly empty environment with a dirt road.
(original picture credit: unknown (I downloaded this image a long time ago that I don't know where it came from))

Do you remember this image from the E3 2009 trailer for Gran Turismo 5? A seemingly expansive space with a lonely dirt road and some off-track details help accentuate this course. It was the same expansive and empty space where our jaws dropped at the inclusion of the World Rally Championship in Gran Turismo 5. Back then, we knew this course as Toscana, and we mostly thought this was going to be a new experience. We would later see Toscana in a new light... or should I say, under the lights? Fast forward to a year later when we saw Toscana with the sun going down and the stars coming out. Some time in the future, a master plan was finally unveiled- the Toscana course we've seen in videos was actually part of a new Course Maker for Gran Turismo 5!

As I played the GT5 kiosk demo and blogged about my experiences, I began to take second looks at the Toscana course. The only thing I know about the area represented is that you can enroll at the Olive Garden culinary school in Tuscany. Part of me says Toscana is a brand-new experience and a brand-new track to enjoy Gran Turismo racing on, but part of me also says that Toscana is what could be possible with a track editor. In addition, I doubt Tuscany is THIS empty as the Toscana track demonstrates.

It was then unveiled at GamesCom back in August 2010 that a new Course Maker was unveiled for Gran Turismo 5. GTPlanet's amar212, who is a friend of mine on GTPlanet, broke the news on a possible track editor for GT5 back in August 2009. It has since been common knowledge that GT gamers now have the power to create their own courses. Now initially, I thought it was too out of place to include such a feature. In addition, the prospect of a course maker also allows you set up some dream courses to test the limits of a game engine and its driving model. Any courses would be limited to 6.5 miles (or about 10.4 kilometers) in length. I will go into further detail about my criticisms on a course maker for GT5 later in this blog entry.

So are you excited about creating your own tracks yet? ;-)

--- Course-Making Insight from Other Games ---

Let's look at some other games that had their own Track Editor/Maker. These only involve games I have played before, so if you don't see a certain game here, I haven't played it or don't remember studying its nuances to comment.

Stunts/4D Sports Driving.

The 1990 game made by Broderbund (best known for the Myst series) and Distinctive Software Incorporated (later known as Electronic Arts Canada) made this 3D racing game featuring some of the fastest cars of its time. All created courses all utilized a huge grid system. The grid squares can be filled with various road parts and Every course was a one-lap run around a course filled with jumps, loops, and some dangerous stunts. A game like this likely took inspiration from games like Hard Drivin' and Race Drivin'. The user had a chance to create his/her own tracks and change up the horizon to five different horizons. New tracks usually involved one of five pre-made environments. Or for more advanced gamers, the ability to modify a given environment to make your own was also possible for an individual track. The track can have only one Start/Finish line, and the track must have one complete loop.

Moto Racer 2.

Moto Racer 2 was released in the late 1990s. Its most intriguing element was that of making your own tracks. The track editor allowed you to make your own tracks for either sport bikes or dirt bikes. You could create and modify roads to create your own exciting courses. Moto Racer 2 greatly lacked the ability to make your own unique courses. You can actually create your own layout, but you were unable to make really unique environments. When you create a track, you choose between one of five different environment layouts. So you have no real control over making specific and distinctive layouts. This, along with the fact that all courses feel more like barricaded courses really limits your ability to great memorable and challenging unique courses.

TrackMania Series.

Drawing inspiration from past titles (like Stunts/4D Sports Driving), TrackMania games allow you to use certain set environments. The downfall here, however, is that you are unable to use different cars from different environments. Each environment features a car unique to its environment with its own driving dynamics. The environments also allow for a variety of unique tiles to be used for each environment. There are limits for how high up you can build. I experimented making my own hillclimb courses with roads that go all the way up into the sky. Replay value is incredible since there are MANY ways to create a classic course.

So what will Gran Turismo's influence provide? Replay value will be immense since you can create any number of courses. That will all depend on what the game will provide from the course making experience.

These themes help determine what is possible in designing a course for Gran Turismo 5. The two themes feature variations for tarmac and non-tarmac roads. The only concern I really have is if it is possible to create (especially in the case of rally racing a combination of tarmac and non-tarmac roads in one stage.

--- Possible Future Themes? ---

Let's say the options were open to showcase more venues. What would make for possible future environments?

Snow/Ice Theme?

KEY ELEMENTS: snow, ice, cold temperatures, snow banks

This can either pertain to a snowy location or an icy location. Imagine if you could have a race track in a snowy/icy locale, like with the WRC Rally Sweden, with icy roads or maybe some tarmac with some icy off-road sections? If temperatures play a role in Gran Turismo 5, then a cold or cool course would help out turbo cars since it's cooler. There may also be a tough time trying to get a colder track warmed up because of the cold temperatures. A tarmac course would feature some slippery off-road sections. I even envisioned a Grand Prix-style racing course in a snowy location. It may not be likely to happen, but imagine a proper Grand Prix-style course (any road course 2.75 miles or more in length) where there is a lot of snow on the outside of each corner (or at least, grass that has a lot of snow on the grass). A non-tarmac icy course would test your ability to race on snow and ice. Snow and ice handle MUCH differently from gravel or mud. You are going to have snow banks on either side of the road. Getting up on either side of the snow banks can be just as bad as flying off a gravel stage into a tree or a ditch.

I think to add diversity to the kind of environments, a snow environment is needed. Unless you just want those Snow Tires to not get any work...

Desert Theme?

If you are thinking of an expansive desert environment (like the Baja 1000 or the Mint 400), you are likely out of luck. The possibility to make your own Dubai Autodrome or Yas Marina Circuit is a good possibility here. A desert environment would mean that temperatures would be unbearably hot. Series like the Middle Eastern Rally Championship and Dakar Rally have their fair share of desert-type off-road racing.

Coastal/Tropical Theme?

The presence of a coastal setting lends itself to the possibility of creating racing venues with racing along or near a coastline. This can be good for exotic-style courses or even off-road courses along coastlines. Options are really endless for this setting. You could create a tropical tarmac paradise like Tahiti Road, or you can have coastal-style rally courses like Tahiti Circuit or Tahiti Maze. You could probably also create your own fantasy Grand Prix race course that takes place along the beach!

Jungle Environment?

KEY ELEMENTS: lush greenery, high trees, dirt and mud

This environment entails exotic scenery. Despite the exotic scenery, it may likely be a setting primarily better for off-road racing. Surfaces may consist of gravel and mud. I basically think of the Safari Rally when I think of such a setting. If there is such a setting, I sincerely doubt animals will run across the track for you to avoid (or hit if you love drive like an idiot). I am pretty sure there won't be any kind of Grand Prix courses through a jungle. So at best, you're looking at a good rally environment for a jungle-type course.

Mountain Theme?

KEY ELEMENTS: ???

I primarily thought of mountain passes here. Imagine taking part in your own touge battles on mountain passes you create! Enthusia fans can relate to this with Dragon Range. Forza fans can relate to this with Fujimi Kaido. What makes mountainous stages great is for the immense challenge such courses provide. It may not seem very fun to not be able to make a challenging mountain pass with about 6.5 miles to work with, but you can still create some great mountain passes if you just use your creativity.

To get an idea of making your own mountain passes, play the tracks from the games I mentioned earlier, or try out "Tokyo Xtreme Racer Drift 2." TXRD2 even features one mountain pass that is over seven miles long!

Now one that can be very tough to define...

Urban Themes?

KEY ELEMENTS: city buildings, city scenery, city roads, city streets, highways, concrete walls, and the like

What I am going for here is an environment more accustomed for traditional urban cities. This is an environment that would be better suited for making your own street courses. Anything from a romp around a city park to a Grand Prix race through downtown of a metropolis is possible. While these can be glamourous, they can be very tough to come along with since city courses take a certain amount of magic to make believable. You know, you have to envision a city before you build a course around the city. What I had in mind for this section is mostly along the lines of more modern cities, like San Francisco, New York City, London, Tokyo, Sydney, and the like.

A non-conventional urban locale, if you will, was Grindelwald from Gran Turismo 2. It was a street course mostly set around a traditional European village rather than an urban jungle. The possibility exists to have certain tarmac rally courses that utilize an environment where you're weaving through various villages and cottages. Think about places like the WRC Rally Corsica or some other rally that has a stage go through streets of villages or cities.

These are just a few ideas in regards to environments. We will see what will really be possible in the future.

--- Previous Criticisms of Mine for the Course Maker ---

I have had some primary criticisms regarding the featuring of a course maker for Gran Turismo 5, and you will read both of them here.

Lack of Distinction.

I am someone who believes that true distinction in track making does not involve using a pre-determined environment. While you can create great courses utilizing a certain environment, making DISTINCTIVE courses doesn't truly materialize. I define distinctive courses as courses that have their own unique environment that makes a certain track come to life. A street course that has a little of New York and Paris in design and environment is more distinctive than a proper race track designed in a grassy plain environment.

Seemingly Out of Place.

You would think for a racing game more about cars and racing, the idea of a Course Maker appears to be totally out of place. You can, however, test the limits of ANY game and its game engine by making your own courses. This is a case where making your own courses can help you discover the limits of a certain game.

Always Thought Autocross Was the ONLY Purpose for a Course Maker.

Because a Course Maker is out of place for a Gran Turismo game, I thought its only usefulness was in making Autocross or Gymkhana tracks. That would be the ONLY usage for making your own tracks since making a track from start to finish would be too massive a task. A simple Autocross track would be better for me than going with a full-on Course Maker of some kind.

These have been my own criticisms with the new Course Maker for GT5. Despite these, I welcome and will embrace this new Course Maker.

--- Tarmac Possibilities for GT5 ---

What is possible for GT5 in making tarmac courses? I once made race tracks for Duke Nukem 3D of all games. I wonder if I'd be able to re-create the courses in the GT5 realm. The courses, however, are all realistic. So I didn't create anything that has like, for example... loops, exploding bits, any sort of Apocalyptic details (like ravaged cities and rough roads). Could I be able to create them as best as I can? That all remains to be seen.

Every created course will have weather and time implemented. Anything from tarmac rallies to tarmac racing circuits are possible. Can I make my own oval with banking in the corners? Can I re-create a stretch of road? Can I make my own Grand Prix course to race really fast and powerful cars on? These all remain to be seen.

--- Randomly-Generated Rally Courses for GT5 ---

The best news about this Course Maker is that it is possible to make point-to-point stages. I hear that courses will be limited to about 6.5 miles. That is still a LOT of track to make courses with! In my view, making your own point-to-point stages may not seem like making enough sense. But when you consider how tough it can be to make some of the most believable and realistic point-to-point venues, the idea of randomly-generated courses is not a bad idea. I mentioned earlier about not having that distinction element by using given environments. However, it is still possible to make quality rally courses 6.5 miles (or 10.4 km) in length. Don't believe me? Here's some perspective from Colin McRae Rally 2.0... Many of the individual stages from CMR2 are longer than 1.9 kilometers (or longer than 1.18 miles) and no longer than 5.5 kilometers (or about 3.42 miles). In fact, a lot of the courses are mostly in the range of 4.2 km to 5.3 km (or about 2.61 mi to 3.29 mi) in length. So you have more than enough space to make your own rally stages.

You are able to adjust the width of the road to accommodate the amount of rally racing challenge you want. So if you are disappointed with the very wide roads of most rally courses in Gran Turismo games past, you can narrow things significantly to make for a more realistic experience. Think of courses like any of GT4's tarmac rally courses or tracks like Grand Canyon in GT4 for inspiration of real rally-style courses.

Finally, what can be possible with these courses? Can I make water splashes through streams (like with the WRC Rally Argentina or the WRC Rally Australia)? Will there be a variety of surfaces to race on (like with the WRC Rally Great Britain)? What can be possible on the rally front? Also, can realistic courses be created? I want to imagine making my own unique challenges, like having to deal with the rough roads of the Acropolis Rally or some of the rural village of some rallies. I do think Course Maker will be great for rally racing.

You are welcome to offer your own thoughts on the Course Maker for GT5. You can seemingly make any course using up to 6.5 miles (10.4 km) of track. How do you feel about the Course Maker for GT5? Comment away! While you're at it...

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 8000 # the port that this service should serve on
    # the container on each pod to connect to, can be a name
    # (e.g. 'www') or a number (e.g. 80)
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
  # just like the selector in the deployment,
  # but this time it identifies the set of pods to load balance
  # traffic to.
  selector:
    app: nginx


Q:

How can I dynamically switch urls in dev/archive

I would like to be able to automate the process of swapping the app URL in AppDelate.m . However, I can't figure out how to do this. I would like to do this essentially:
if (schemeIsDebug) {
  jsCodeLocation = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://localhost:8081/index.ios.bundle"];
} else {
  jsCodeLocation = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"main" withExtension:@"jsbundle"];
}

This way when I hit archive it will automatically switch to the prod URL.

A:

#ifdef DEBUG
  jsCodeLocation = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://localhost:8081/index.ios.bundle"];
#else
  jsCodeLocation = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"main" withExtension:@"jsbundle"];
#endif

This will switch jsCode in debug or release mode. And "archive" will always build in release mode.


importance: 5

---

# The result of OR AND OR

What will the result be?

```js
alert( null || 2 && 3 || 4 );
```


Q:

concatenating a comma character to a string

I'm using php to generate an href that should call on a javascript function
here's what I had attempted so far:
echo "edit	";

which I had expected to generate:
edit

when I click the href I get:

Uncaught ReferenceError: asd is not defined

where asd is the second param
I've tried echoing 2 strings with a comma in between:
$title = $row["Title"] . ' , ' . "test";
echo $title;

That only prints the first variable.
How can I print something like:
param1,param2

Thanks

A:

In your case, asd is a string, so the resulting output looks like:
...edit_pub(xxx, asd)...

You can see that asd is not quoted on the client.  If you're echoing out strings, you need to make sure you remember to requote them for JavaScript:
echo "edit	";


959 So.2d 817 (2007)
Karry KADUK, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Florida, Appellee.
No. 4D05-3776.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.
July 5, 2007.
*818 Carey Haughwout, Public Defender, and Ian Seldin, Assistant Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.
Bill McCollum, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Joseph A. Tringali, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, for appellee.
WARNER, J.
The appellant, Karry Kaduk, challenges the trial court's order of revocation of probation. He contends the violation of changing residences without approval of his probation officer was not a willful and substantial violation, where he removed himself from his residence because of a domestic dispute. We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that failure to notify his probation officer for a period of weeks after the incident makes this violation willful and substantial. In addition, Kaduk contends that the trial court erred in failing to familiarize itself with prior probation revocation proceedings before sentencing him on his current violation. Because Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.700(c) does not apply in probation violation proceedings, the trial court's consideration of previous admitted violations in determining whether to revoke his probation was not an abuse of discretion. We affirm.
Kaduk pled to and was sentenced for multiple counts of burglary of a dwelling, grand theft, and dealing in stolen property. After he served the prison portion of his sentences, he was placed on probation. Over the years his probation supervisors filed five affidavits for violation of probation. Three times Kaduk admitted the *819 violations, and Judge Shapiro readmitted him to probation and modified its terms. A fourth time, Judge Shapiro found no willful violation.
On the fifth affidavit of violation of probation, Kaduk was charged with changing his residence without permission, failing to file a monthly report, and failing to comply with the probation officer's instructions. Judge Holmes presided over this proceeding. At the hearing, the probation officer testified that she had received a call from Kaduk's fiancée on April 16, 2005, telling her that Kaduk had moved out of their residence because they had been fighting. The fiancée believed that Kaduk was at his mother's home, but the officer did not go to the mother's house. Instead, she called Kaduk's cell phone but received no response.
Kaduk did not call his probation officer until April 18th or 19th. He apologized for missing his appointment on April 5th, his normal reporting date, explaining that he had been busy at work. He also informed her that he had moved out of his residence because of a domestic dispute on the night of April 3rd. The officer testified that she told Kaduk to report the next day, but he did not come to the office until April 26th. By that time the officer had filed an affidavit of violation.
Judge Holmes found that Kaduk's violations of probation in changing his residence without permission, failing to report on April 5th, and failing to comply with his probation officer's order to report to the office on April 19th were willful and substantial violations, particularly given the time Kaduk had been on probation and his understanding of its rules. The court revoked his probation and sentenced him to prison for ten years, less all jail and prison credit to which he was entitled. Kaduk appeals.
During the appeal process, Kaduk filed a Rule 3.800(b)(2) motion to correct sentence, alleging the trial court had erred in referencing prior probation violations when determining whether to revoke his probation. In responding to this allegation, the trial court said:
This Court was merely responding to defense counsel's request that the Court reinstate probation or "give him another shot" (p. 46).[1] This Court did not need to look at other violations nor the transcripts to see that Defendant was not a likely candidate for continued supervision. This Court is certainly free to take into account Defendant's prior history of supervision in determining whether to reinstate or revoke probation.
The trial court denied the motion.
An appellate court reviews a trial court decision on violations of probation under an abuse of discretion standard. Myers v. State, 931 So.2d 1069, 1071 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006); Matthews v. State, 736 So.2d 72, 75 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999). "The determination of whether a violation of probation is willful and substantial is a question of fact and will not be overturned on appeal unless the record shows that there is no evidence to support it." Riggins v. State, 830 So.2d 920, 921 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). "For a violation of a condition of probation to trigger a revocation, the violation must be willful and substantial, and the state must prove it by the greater weight of the evidence." Myers, 931 So.2d at 1071 (quoting Tobias v. State, 828 So.2d 1066, 1068 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002)). A trial court has broad discretion in determining *820 whether a violation of probation is willful and substantial. See State v. Carter, 835 So.2d 259, 262 (Fla.2002).
Kaduk argues that leaving his residence because of a domestic quarrel does not constitute a willful and substantial violation of the terms of his probation. On the facts of this case, the trial court disagreed, and competent substantial evidence supports that conclusion. Kaduk's failure to report his absence from his residence for a period of over two weeks is not an insignificant violation of his probation conditions.
Kaduk relies on Thomas v. State, 760 So.2d 1138 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000), where the defendant left his approved residence and moved back into his mother's home, which had previously been his approved residence, after having a domestic quarrel with his girlfriend over Thanksgiving weekend. When the parole officer located the defendant the Monday following Thanksgiving, Thomas explained to the officer that he attempted to call him at his office but was unsuccessful because of the long holiday weekend. The trial court found that Thomas violated the condition that he obtain approval before changing his residence. On appeal, the Fifth District held that the circumstances did not show a willful violation, explaining that "Thomas' move over a holiday weekend back to the original approved residence demonstrated a degree of responsibility prompted by the exigencies of the circumstances." Id. at 1139.
In contrast to Thomas, Kaduk moved on April 3rd but did not speak with his probation officer until April 18th or 19thmore than two weeks after the move. Other than Kaduk's own testimony, there was no evidence that he attempted to contact his probation officer before then. While Kaduk claimed that he left his probation officer a message, when he received no response then, as the trial court commented, he should have called her again. Moreover, unlike in Thomas, there was no evidence that the mother's house was a prior approved residence.
The trial court is in the best position to evaluate the credibility of witnesses and an appellate court must give great deference to the findings of the trial court. Riggins, 830 So.2d at 921. The record contains substantial competent evidence to support the conclusion reached by the trial court that Kaduk willfully and substantially violated his probation by changing his address without prior permission, failing to report on April 5th, and failing to follow his probation officer's instructions.
Kaduk also contends that Judge Holmes failed to comply with rule 3.700(c)(1) when she surmised what occurred during prior proceedings without reviewing the record of Kaduk's prior probation violation hearings. Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.700(c)(1) requires that a judge who did not take the plea or preside at the trial of a defendant must familiarize himself or herself with prior proceedings before making sentencing decisions. However, while rule 3.700(c) applies to initial sentencing hearings, it does not extend to violation of probation proceedings. See, e.g., Murphy v. State, 939 So.2d 1168 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006); Lambert v. State, 910 So.2d 890 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005). Thus, the judge who tries the violation of probation case is not a successor judge within the contemplation of the rule.
Furthermore, Judge Holmes was not relying on prior violations to determine whether Kaduk violated probation for the acts charged in the affidavit. Instead, the judge looked at the prior record of violations to determine whether Kaduk's probation should be revoked as a result of the new violations. Upon a finding of a willful and substantial violation of probation, section *821 948.06, Florida Statutes, gives the judge discretion to revoke, modify, or continue the probation, or to place the probationer into community control. Just as a trial judge considers a past criminal record in determining the appropriate sentence, so too a trial judge may consider a probationer's past probation record in determining whether to revoke for the violation or impose some lesser sanction. We agree with Judge Holmes that Kaduk's prior violations and the sanctions imposed can and should be considered in determining whether to revoke his probation on this fifth affidavit of violation. Certainly, the fact that Kaduk admitted violating probation three separate times in the past, for which the judge continued him on probation, would factor into a decision by the trial court on whether he should be allowed to continue on probation for his fourth violation.
Probation is a matter of grace. See Matthews v. State, 736 So.2d 72, 75 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999). As Judge Sharp noted in State v. Watson, 909 So.2d 942 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005):
Whether to modify or continue probation after a violation is a matter our statutes and rules leave up to the discretion of the judge who conducts the violation proceeding. If revoked, appellate courts give the judge's ruling great deference, under the long-standing mantra that probation is a matter of "grace."
Id. at 945 (footnote omitted). The court exercised its "grace" three prior times in continuing probation. This time, that "grace" ran out. We defer to the judge's ruling.
Affirmed.
GROSS and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.
NOTES
[1]  As Kaduk points out in his brief, counsel actually stated, "give him a shot" (emphasis added).


Edgecombe County serial killer

The Edgecombe County serial killer, also known as the Seven Bridges Killer, is a yet unidentified serial killer in the surroundings of Edgecombe and Halifax counties in North Carolina, United States. There are ten suspected victims, all African-American women, and the remains of eight have been recovered. Officers suspect that Antwan Maurice Pittman, a registered sex offender charged with a murder fitting a similar profile, was responsible for the Edgecombe deaths. All of the victims had a history of drugs and/or sex work.

History
In June 2008, the sheriff's office requested assistance from the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) and formed a task force of local, state and federal officials to try to find out if the killings are connected.

In 2010, the remains of Roberta Williams, missing since 2008, were discovered off Seven Bridges Road between Battleboro and Whitakers, North Carolina. In January 2011, a hunter found more human remains in Edgecombe County. The remains were 37-year-old Yolanda Lancaster, who was listed as missing.

In September 2009, a suspect, Antwan Maurice Pittman, a registered sex offender, was charged with at least one of the cases, Taraha Shenice Nicholson, 28, who was found strangled. Authorities are still questioning whether Pittman may have been connected to some of the other killings.

The first victim found was Melody Wiggins, 29, back in 2005. In 2007, Jackie Thorpe, 35, was found nude in a pile of trash. In 2008, the body of Ernestine Battle, 50, was found in a wooded area. In June 2009, a farmer found the skeleton of Jarniece Latonya Hargrove, 31, also in a wooded spot.

Conviction of Antwan Pittman
On September 28, 2011, a jury convicted Antwan Pittman of first-degree murder of one of the women, 28-year-old Taraha Nicholson.  Although he has never been charged in relation to the deaths of any of the other alleged victims of the Edgecombe County serial killer, authorities have stated that Pittman is a suspect in at least seven of the other cases.

Public awareness
In July 2012, a motorcycle ride was held in contribution to the five women found murdered. The ride was organized to help raise awareness for the nine women found dead who are suspected to be victims of the Edgecombe killer.

See also
 List of serial killers in the United States

References

Category:Murder in North Carolina
Category:Crimes against sex workers in the United States
Category:2005 crimes in the United States
Category:2007 crimes in the United States
Category:2008 crimes in the United States
Category:2009 crimes in the United States
Category:Unidentified serial killers
Category:Unsolved murders in the United States
Category:American serial killers
Category:Crimes in North Carolina