INTRODUCTION {#sec0005}
============

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping clinical and laboratory features. CJD includes six major clinical-pathological subtypes that are largely determined by the genotype at the methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the *PRNP* gene and the type (1 or 2) of pathological prion protein accumulating in the brain (namely MM1, MM2, MV1, MV2, VV1, and VV2) \[[@ref001]\]. While the most common MM/MV1 subtype usually manifest with a subacute clinical course, atypical sporadic CJD variants such as MV 2K, MM 2C, and VV1 show a significantly slower clinical course, which may mimic AD and other neurodegenerative dementias \[[@ref002]\]. On the other hand, although AD typically presents with a slowly progressive and well defined profile of cognitive decline, there also are well recognized variants of the disease with a rapid clinical progression and/or focal neurological signs manifesting relatively early in the disease course \[[@ref003]\]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis is increasingly used in the diagnostic work-up of patients with neurodegenerative dementia. In particular, the search for elevated, above threshold, levels of protein 14-3-3 and/or t-tau is recommended by diagnostic criteria for CJD \[[@ref007]\], whereas a reduced concentration of amyloid-β peptide 1--42 (Aβ~42~) in combination with increased levels of both total (t-tau) and/or phosphorylated tau (p-tau) represents a well-established neurochemical profile in support of the clinical diagnosis of AD \[[@ref009]\]. However, the lack of full sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers still represents a significant limitation. In particular, approximately 10% of AD patients have t-tau levels compatible with CJD and/or show a positive 14-3-3 assay \[[@ref005]\], whereas a similar proportion of CJD cases, especially those of the MV2K, MM2C, and MM2T subtypes, is associated with a negative 14-3-3 test and/or with low t-tau levels \[[@ref002]\]. Finally, reduced Aβ~42~ CSF levels have also been found in CJD \[[@ref022]\]. To improve the differential diagnosis between AD and CJD based on CSF biomarkers, some studies analyzed the performance of the combined analyses of multiple protein markers including t-tau and p-tau, but also total prion protein (t-PrP) \[[@ref028]\]. Most significantly, the addition of t-PrP dosage and the calculation of the t-tau/(p-tau×t-PrP) ratio, also designated as "CJ factor", has allowed, to date, the most accurate diagnosis in AD with clinical overlap with CJD \[[@ref029]\]. However, these results have not been widely validated and there have been some divergent results between studies in terms oft-PrP CSF levels. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed CSF biomarker combination in the atypical variants of CJD has not been investigated as yet. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of CSF t-PrP levels either alone or in combination with other protein biomarkers, including Aβ~42~ in typical and atypical variants of both CJD and AD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS {#sec0010}
=====================

Patient characterization {#sec0015}
------------------------

We analyzed 230 CSF samples submitted to the Neuropathology Laboratory at the Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, including 33 controls, 89 AD patients, and 108 CJD patients. Clinical history and follow-up data were acquired for each patient. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, inclusive of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, and electroencephalographic (EEG) recording were also available as part of routine clinical investigations.

The diagnosis of AD was made according to the 2011 National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association workgroup guidelines \[[@ref031]\]. In particular, after a clinical follow-up of at least 24 months, all 89 AD patients fulfilled criteria for probable AD dementia with high evidence of the AD pathophysiological process. Moreover, evidence for AD pathology of high severity was obtained by neuropathological examination in 6 cases \[[@ref032]\].

CJD patients were classified according to the updated WHO diagnostic criteria \[[@ref007]\]. The largest group of "definite" CJD consisted of 83 autopsy-confirmed sporadic CJD and 8 genetic CJD, while the "probable" CJD group included 17 patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for possible CJD and showing a positive EEG and/or a positive DWI-MRI \[[@ref007]\]. All CJD cases underwent *PRNP* genetic analysis, as described previously \[[@ref033]\]. Moreover, PrP^Sc^ typing and CJD histotype classification was performed in all autopsied cases according to established methodologies and consensus criteria \[[@ref034]\]. CSF samples, in both AD and CJD groups, were selected to include a significant number of patients with an atypical clinical presentation and/or anatypical CSF biomarker profile. In particular, we defined AD as atypical/rapidly progressive (a/rpAD) when at least one of the following features was present: (1) rapid cognitive decline or presence of additional motor signs at time of CSF analyses \[[@ref029]\], (2) CSF t-tau \>1200 pg/ml, or (3) a positive CSF 14-3-3 assay, whereas for CJD the classification of atypical required at least one among: (1) clinical course \>2 years, (2) progressive cognitive decline without focal neurological signs (up to the time of CSF analyses), (3) CSF t-tau \<1200 pg/ml, (4) borderline or negative CSF 14-3-3 assay. Finally, the control group included 33 age- and sex-matched subjects lacking any clinical or neuroradiological evidence of central nervous system disease.

In our population, there were 44 AD and 54 CJD patients manifesting an atypical clinical presentation and/or showing an atypical CSF biomarkers profile. Among the remaining patients, 45 were classified as typical AD and 54 as typical CJD.

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects included in the study according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

CSF biochemical analysis {#sec0020}
------------------------

CSF samples were obtained by lumbar puncture at L3/L4 or L4/L5 levels following a standard procedure. Samples were centrifuged at 1000×g for 10 min, divided into aliquots, and stored in polypropylene tubes at --80°C until analysis.

14-3-3 protein was detected by a western blot immunoassay using CSF controls with a weak or a strong 14-3-3 signal, respectively, as internal quality controls. The immunoreactivity signals were classified as negative when the 14-3-3 optical densitometric (OD) band was lower than the weakly positive control; borderline (or weakly positive), when the 14-3-3 OD was up to two times higher than the control, and positive when it was at least two times higher than the control \[[@ref036]\].

We measured CSF t-tau, p-tau, and Aβ~42,~ levels using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (INNOTEST htau-Ag, INNOTEST phosphorylated-Tau181, and INNOTEST Aβ1--42; Innogenetics/Fujirebio Europe) according to the manufacturer's instructions. T-PrP CSF levels were determined using commercial Beta Prion Human Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Test kits (AJ Roboscreen, Leipzig, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Statistical analyses {#sec0025}
--------------------

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21- IBM Analytics). Several combinations of biomarkers were analyzed. Depending on the data distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney *U* test or the one-way ANOVA (followed by Tukey's *post hoc* test) were used to test differences between AD patients, CJD patients, and controls regarding demographic data and biomarkers measurements. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). A Bonferroni correction was applied to multiple comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic analyses (ROC) were performed to establish the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and the optimal cut-off value of each biomarker or combination of biomarkers. Differences were considered statistically significant at *p* \< 0.05.

RESULTS {#sec0030}
=======

Demographic characteristics {#sec0035}
---------------------------

In the control, AD, and CJD groups, mean ages and standard deviations were 61.6±10.9, 66.4±9.1, 66.4±9.0 years, respectively. Regarding sex, 42.4% controls, 59.6% AD patients, and 50.9% CJD patients were female. The molecular classification of CJD cases and their disease duration are summarized in [Table 1](#jad-55-jad160740-t001){ref-type="table"}. Atypical CJD cases presented a longer duration of the disease than typical CJD cases (*p* \< 0.001). [Table 2](#jad-55-jad160740-t002){ref-type="table"} shows the clinical and laboratory features of cases classified as a/rpAD.

CSF t-PrP levels ([Fig. 1](#jad-55-jad160740-g001){ref-type="fig"}) {#sec0040}
-------------------------------------------------------------------

CSF t-PrP levels were significantly lower in CJD patients compared to AD patients (*p* \< 0.001) and controls (*p* \< 0.001), but did not differ significantly between AD and controls (*p* = 0.500). A value of t-PrP lower than 261 ng/ml distinguished CJD patients from AD patients with a 73.0% sensitivity and a 75.0% specificity. Samples of typical CJD cases showed higher CSF t-PrP levels than those of the atypical group (*p* = 0.005).

CSF biomarker values in AD and CJD {#sec0045}
----------------------------------

CSF biomarker data in the AD and CJD groups are summarized in [Table 3](#jad-55-jad160740-t003){ref-type="table"}.

There were statistically significant differences between CJD (all) and AD (all) patients regarding t-tau (*p* \< 0.001), 14-3-3 (*p* \< 0.001), Aβ~42~ (*p* \< 0.001), t-tau/p-tau ratio (*p* \< 0.001), t-tau/t-PrP (*p* \< 0.001), Aβ~42~/p-tau (*p* \< 0.001), Aβ~42~/(p-tau×t-PrP) (*p* \< 0.001), Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau (*p* \< 0.001), CJ factor (*p* \< 0.001), and (Aβ~42~×t-tau)/(p-tau×t-PrP) (*p* \< 0.001).

Results from ROC analysis for biomarker combinations are illustrated in [Table 4](#jad-55-jad160740-t004){ref-type="table"} and [Fig. 2](#jad-55-jad160740-g002){ref-type="fig"}. The (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP) ratio achieved the best accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.995) in the discrimination of CJD from AD with 98.1% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity, using a cut-off value of 24.0. The accuracy, cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity of the other biomarker combinations are illustrated in [Table 4](#jad-55-jad160740-t004){ref-type="table"}.

Subgroup analysis {#sec0050}
-----------------

ROC analyses were also performed for the following comparisons: atypical CJD versus atypical/rapidly progressive AD; typical CJD versus atypical/rapidly progressive AD; atypical CJD versus typical AD.

Atypical CJD versus atypical/rapidly progressive AD {#sec0055}
---------------------------------------------------

[Table 5](#jad-55-jad160740-t005){ref-type="table"} illustrates the biomarker accuracy, cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity for the comparison between atypical CJD and a/rpAD groups. There were no significant differences in CSF t-tau levels and 14-3-3 assay results between a/rp AD and atypical CJD (*p* = 0.057 and *p* = 0.323, respectively). In contrast, values of Aβ~42~, t-tau/p-tau ratio, t-tau/t-PrP, Aβ~42~/p-tau, Aβ~42~/(p-tau×t-PrP), Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau, CJ factor, (Aβ~42~×t-tau)/(p-tau×t-PrP) significantly differed between the two groups (*p* \< 0.001). While the 1200 pg/ml cut-off and 14-3-3 test yielded only 61.1% and 25.9% sensitivity and 50.0% and 84.1% specificity, respectively, in the differential diagnosis, the (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP) ratio best distinguished (AUC = 0.986) atypical CJD from a/rp AD with 96.2% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity with an optimal cut-off value of 24. A relatively good sensitivity and specificity, with values above 90%, was also obtained for three out four biomarkers (t-tau and p-tau plus t-PrP or Aβ~42~).

Typical CJD versus atypical/rapidly progressive AD and atypical CJD versus typical AD {#sec0060}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The biomarkers accuracy, cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity for these comparisons are reported in [Supplementary Tables 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. While the t-tau×Aβ~42~/p-tau ratio yielded the higher accuracy with 100% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity in the first comparison, the (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP) ratio best distinguished typical AD from atypical CJD with 98.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

DISCUSSION {#sec0065}
==========

In this study we investigated for the first time the accuracy of CSF protein t-PrP, t-tau, 14-3-3, p-tau, and Aβ~42~ assays in the differential diagnosis between CJD and AD in a patient series including a high proportion of clinically atypical cases of both diseases. Furthermore, at variance with most previous studies which have mainly focused on t-tau, p-tau, and, to a lesser extent t-PrP, we also considered the added diagnostic value of Aβ~42~.

At variance with classic biomarkers such as t-tau, 14-3-3, p-tau, and Aβ~42,~ there is still limited knowledge about t-PrP in the CSF in both controls and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. To date, few studies have measured CSF PrP levels in CJD, AD, and controls. Our finding of a statistically significant decrease in CSF t-PrP levels in CJD patients is consistent with those of other authors \[[@ref029]\]. Thus, as CSF Aβ~42~ levels inversely correlate with amyloid burden in AD, t-PrP levels likely reflect the extent of PrP^c^ conversion into abnormal PrP (PrP^Sc^) and the burden of PrP^Sc^ deposition in CJD. The latter may also explain our finding of an even higher reduction of t-PrP levels in atypical CJD cases. Indeed, atypical CJD variants such as MV 2K and MM 2C are usually associated with a relatively high amount of PrP^Sc^ accumulation involving major areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus.

Our results on t-PrP CSF levels in AD are at variance with both Dorey et al. \[[@ref029]\] and Meyne et al. \[[@ref040]\], who found either increased or decreased t-PrP levels in AD compared to controls. While the latter discrepancy has been attributed to the lack of specificity for the human prion protein of the assay used by Meyne et al. \[[@ref040]\], the former may reflect differences in the selected patient populations. Whatever the case, further studies are needed to clarify the divergence, especially in view of the proposed putative role of PrP^C^ in AD pathogenesis \[[@ref029]\].

Regarding the diagnostic value of t-PrP in the discrimination of CJD from AD, we reported an AUC of 0.825, a sensitivity of 73%, and a specificity of 75% using a cut-off value of 261 ng/ml, which is slightly worse than that reported by Dorey et al. (AUC = 0.886, 82.1% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity) using the same kit and a very similar cut-off value (263 ng/ml). The small discrepancy likely reflects their findings of increased t-PrP levels compared to normal subjects in a subgroup of ADpatients.

In this study, we also addressed the possible diagnostic role of CSF Aβ~42~ and its derived ratios in the clinical distinction between CJD and AD. Van Everbroeck et al. \[[@ref022]\] originally reported that Aβ~42~ levels are decreased in CJD, a finding that has subsequently been confirmed by others \[[@ref022]\]. More recently, however, some studies showed that Aβ~42~ levels and Aβ~42~/p-tau ratio are significantly higher in CJD than in AD patients \[[@ref021]\], thus indicating that the determination of Aβ~42~ levels might contribute to the differential diagnosis between the two diseases. In our CJD population, Aβ~42~ CSF levels were highly heterogeneous, with several cases of both typical and atypical CJD groups showing a lower than cut-off value. Whether this result simply reflects the burden of associated AD pathology, which has to be taken in account considering the mean age of death of CJD patients, or also depends on a pathogenic interaction between the two proteins, as it has recently been suggested \[[@ref042]\], remains to be seen.

Taken together, our results underline the added value of both Aβ~42~ and t-PrP CSF assays in the differential diagnosis between CJD and AD. Indeed, the addition of t-PrP and Aβ~42~ values to those of t-tau and p-tau in a novel ratio (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP) distinguishes CJD from AD patients with greater accuracy (0.995 accuracy, 98.1% sensitivity, and 97.7% specificity) than all previously-described ratios such as CJ factor, t-tau/p-tau, and Aβ~42~/p-tau \[[@ref021]\]. Most importantly, the novel ratio also demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy in the most difficult clinical scenario, which is the clinical distinction between atypical CJD and a/rpAD patients. Indeed, while CSF t-tau and 14-3-3 do not contribute at all to the differential diagnosis of such atypical variants (e.g., 61.1% and 25.9% sensitivity; 50% and 84.1% specificity), in the same situation the novel ratio yields 96.2% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity. We therefore strongly recommend extending the analyses to all four biomarkers in the presence of atypical clinical features and ambiguous results of standard CSF assays. Alternatively, particularly in a laboratory setting where the t-PrP assay is not available, Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau and t-tau/p-tau ratios remain the best biomarkers for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in distinguishing CJD from AD.

We are aware that one potential limitation of our study is the discrepancy in the number of neuropathologically-verified cases between CJD and AD. Nevertheless, all AD affected subjects included in this study fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of probable AD with high evidence of the pathophysiological process of AD. Furthermore, in all a/rpAD cases, the final diagnosis was formulated at follow-up after at least 2 years of further clinical observation.

In summary, while individually none of the major CSF proteins that reflect the specific molecular pathology of AD (p-tau and Aβ~42~) and CJD (PrP) or the associated neuronal damage (t-tau, 14-3-3) distinguish the two disorders with sufficient accuracy, various combinations of these markers significantly increase the diagnostic power. Among, them the (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP) ratio best distinguishes CJD from AD patients and is especially recommended in the diagnostic work-up of patients presenting with atypical clinical features that are compatible with both diseases.

Supplementary Material
======================

###### Supplementary Table

######

Click here for additional data file.

The authors thank Italian neurologists for providing clinical information and Barbara Polischi, MSc for her valuable technical assistance.

This work was financially supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, grant RF2011-02351092, and by the Gino Galletti Foundation.

Authors' disclosures available online (<http://j-alz.com/manuscript-disclosures/16-0740r2>).

The supplementary material is available in the electronic version of this article: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160740>.

![Boxplots illustrate levels of the CSF total prion protein (t-PrP) in control, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) populations. Central horizontal lines indicate median values. Boxes illustrate the ranges between lower and upper quartiles. Error bars represent the full ranges of data, excluding outliers, which are displayed separately as single dots.](jad-55-jad160740-g001){#jad-55-jad160740-g001}

![Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves illustrate sensitivity and specificity of various cerebrospinal fluid biomarker combinations. Area under the ROC curve is reported as area under the curve (AUC). The corresponding AUC values are also listed in [Table 4](#jad-55-jad160740-t004){ref-type="table"}.](jad-55-jad160740-g002){#jad-55-jad160740-g002}

######

Disease duration and histotype classification of CJD cases

                               Typical CJD (N = 54)   Atypical CJD (N = 54)   Total CJD (N = 108)
  --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------
  Disease duration (months)           N = 52                 N = 52                 N = 104
    Mean±SD                          5.0±4.0                18.6±14.8              11.8±12.7
    Min-Max                         1.0--20.0               1.0--60.0              1.0--60.0
    Median (IQR)                  4.0 (2.0--6.4)        13.8 (6.5--24.8)        6.3 (3.0--15.5)
  Definite sporadic CJD                 51                     32                     83
    MM1                                 23                      6                     29
    MM1+2C                              8                       5                     13
    VV2                                 15                      0                     15
    MV 2K                               5                      13                     18
    MM 2C                               0                       5                      5
    MM 2T                               0                       2                      2
    VV1                                 0                       1                      1
  Definite genetic CJD                  1                       7                      8
    E200K-129MM(V)                      1                       6                      7
    R208H-129VV                         0                       1                      1
  Probable CJD                          2                      15                     17
    MM                                  0                       3                      3
    MV                                  2                      12                     14

######

Clinical and biological features of atypical/rapidly progressive AD

  Time between first compliant     26.3±25.6 (*n* = 44)
  ------------------------------ ------------------------
  Clinical presentation
    Cognitive decline                     44/44
    Extrapyramidal signs                   9/44
    Pyramidal signs                        3/44
    Myoclonus                              5/44
    Cerebellar signs                       2/44
  Biomarkers Data
    t-tau \>1200 pg/ml                    22/44
    Positive 14-3-3                        7/44
  Genetic features
    APOE genotype^§^                  No E4 = 18 (58.1%)
                                    One E4 = 8 (25.8%)
                                     E4/E4 = 5 (16%)
    FAD Mutations^\*^                      2/13
    (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2)              (both in PSEN1)

^§^patients (*n* = 31) with available DNA/informed consent for genetic analyses. ^\*^patients (*n* = 13) with early onset AD (\<65 years) and/or a positive family history.

######

CSF biomarker data in the AD and CJD groups

                                      all AD         Typical AD         a/rpAD          all CJD         Typical CJD      Atypical CJD
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------
  t-PrP (ng/ml)
    Median                             335              334              345              173               209              141
    (IQR)                           (234--455)       (281--455)       (224--469)       (103--261)       (131--288)        (83--208)
  t-tau (pg/ml)
    Median                             822              697              1223             2489             7284              1390
    (IQR)                          (582--1223)       (509--846)      (703--1668)      (1389--7344)     (3022--10004)     (914--2086)
  p-tau (pg/ml)
    Median                             104               90              122               49               55                46
    (IQR)                           (77--140)        (74--115)        (81--151)         (37--68)         (41--72)          (34--65)
  Aβ~42~ (pg/ml)
    Median                             358              371              326              527               553              498
    (IQR)                           (266--465)       (279--469)       (250--442)       (366--747)       (353--773)        (370--738)
  14-3-3
    N° positive                        7/89             0/45             7/44            68/108            54/54            14/54
  t-tau/p-tau
    Median                             7.67             7.13             9.08             59.3              111              32.2
    (IQR)                          (6.76--10.1)     (6.38--7.98)     (7.35--11.3)     (27.1--110)       (64.5--198)      (20.6--52.1)
  t-tau/t-PrP
    Median                             2.58             2.22             3.36             17.4             33.6              10.7
    (IQR)                          (1.81--3.86)     (1.68--2.61)     (2.29--5.40)     (8.29--39.4)     (17.4--76.9)      (6.10--17.3)
  Aβ~42~/p-tau
    Median                             3.63             4.09             3.20             10.1              9.5              12.3
    (IQR)                          (2.47--4.70)     (3.11--5.29)     (1.88--4.23)     (7.18--16.1)     (5.55--14.6)      (8.09--16.7)
  Aβ~42~/ (p-tau×t-PrP)
    Median                            0.010            0.011            0.009            0.062             0.053            0.071
    (IQR)                         (0.007--0.018)   (0.008--0.019)   (0.005--0.016)   (0.035--0.107)   (0.026--0.090)    (0.044--0.144)
  Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau
    Median                             2870             2615             3089            27675             55348            15176
    (IQR)                          (2143--3938)     (2010--3373)     (2344--4661)    (13490--59655)   (30720--121296)   (9099--27419)
  t-tau/(p-tau×t-PrP)
    Median                            0.024            0.022            0.032            0.370             0.637            0.223
    (IQR)                         (0.018--0.037)   (0.018--0.031)   (0.019--0.045)   (0.161--0.778)   (0.238--1.345)    (0.131--0.460)
  (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP)
    Median                             8.63             7.64             10.9             155               263              104
    (IQR)                          (6.02--12.6)     (5.68--10.6)     (6.06--14.8)     (82.8--401)       (134--682)       (69.9--205)

######

Comparison of discriminatory power of CSF biomarkers to distinguish AD from CJD

  Biomarker                       Area under   Cut-off value    Patients diagnosed   Sensitivity %   Specificity %
  ------------------------------ ------------- --------------- -------------------- --------------- --------------- ------
                                                                       CJD                AD
  t-PrP                           0.825±0.029  \<261 ng/ml            81/108             24/89           73.0        75.0
  14-3-3                              --       --                     68/108             7/89            63.0        92.1
  Aβ~42~/p-tau                    0.914±0.021  \>5.11                 90/107             15/88           84.1        83.0
  Aβ~42~/(p-tau×t-PrP)            0.956±0.014  \>0.022                94/107             10/88           87.9        88.6
  t-tau                           0.865±0.025  \>1200 pg/ml           87/108             22/89           80.6        75.3
  t-tau/p-tau                     0.982±0.010  \>16.4                103/107             4/88            96.3        95.5
  t-tau/t-PrP                     0.945±0.016  \>5.50                 98/108             8/89            90.7        91.0
  Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau              0.984±0.008  \>6677                101/107             5/88            94.4        94.3
  t-tau/(p-tau×t-PrP)             0.984±0.007  \>0.061               104/107             4/88            97.1        95.5
  (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP)    0.995±0.004  \>24.0                105/107             2/88            98.1        97.7

######

Comparison of discriminatory power of CSF biomarkers in the distinction between atypical AD and atypical CJD

  Biomarker                       Area under the  Cut-off value    Patients diagnosed   Sensitivity %   Specificity %
  ------------------------------ ---------------- --------------- -------------------- --------------- --------------- ------
                                                                      Atypical CJD         a/rp AD
  t-tau                            0.612±0.057    \>1200 pg/ml           33/54              22/44           61.1        50.0
  14-3-3                                --        --                     14/54              7/44            25.9        84.1
  Aβ~42~/p-tau                     0.945±0.025    \>4.70                 48/53              4/44            90.6        90.9
  Aβ~42~/(p-tau×t-PrP)             0.982±0.010    \>0.025                49/53              2/44            92.5        95.5
  t-tau/p-tau                      0.945±0.025    \>16.3                 49/54              4/44            90.6        90.9
  t-tau/t-PrP                      0.852±0.040    \>5.27                 45/54              8/44            83.3        81.8
  Aβ~42~×t-tau/p-tau               0.958±0.020    \>6550                 49/53              3/44            92.5        93.2
  t-tau/(p-tau×t-PrP)              0.955±0.020    \>0.063                50/54              3/44            92.6        93.2
  (t-tau×Aβ~42~)/(p-tau×t-PrP)     0.986±0.010    \>24.0                 51/53              2/44            96.2        95.5


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital audio system which transmits or utilizes, as a modulation signal of a recording/playing back operation, a digital signal obtained by sampling an audio signal at predetermined time intervals, and more specifically to a digital audio system of this type provided with automatic fade in and fade out operations.
2. Description of Background Information
Digital audio systems are designed, for example, such that an audio input signal is sampled at predetermined time intervals and the sampled value is subsequently treated by a quantization process. The quantized signal is then modulated by a modulation process such as a PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) process in which an input signal is represented by combinations of pulses having either one of two binary values 0 and 1. The thus obtained digital signal, that is the PCM signal, is utilized for transmission or recording/playing back of the audio signal.
On the other hand, in playing back or recording audio signals, it is desirable that fade in and fade out operations are provided so that the volume of a desired sound is gradually reduced to remove the desired sound from a predetermined program, or the volume of a desired sound is gradually increased to insert the desired sound into the predetermined program.
In conventional digital audio systems of this type, if a fade in or fade out operation is required, it was necessary to manipulate a control means such as a volume control of an amplifier or a record level control of a tape recorder. Therefore, automatic fade in and fade out operations are desirable in order to eliminate rather troublesome manual operations by an operator or to eliminate annoying audio responses during the fade in or fade out operation which has often been caused by excessive rapid change of the volume of the sound.


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    <updater>Updater1</updater>
    <updater>Updater2</updater>
    <param name="param1">Param Value 1</param>
    <param name="param2">Param Value 2</param>
    <item name="item1">Item Value 1</item>
    <item name="item2">
        <item name="item3">Item Value 2.3</item>
    </item>
</argument>


Q:

inserting number into oracle sql - using jython

I have this insert command where iam trying to insert a number to be taken from loop
i=0
for line in column:
    myStmt.executeQuery("INSERT INTO REVERSE_COL
( TABLE_NAME,COL_NAME,POS) values
(,'test','"+column[i]+"','"+i+"'")
i=i+1

POS IS  NUMBER  DATATYPE
but it works if i hard code as 1
i=0
for line in column:
    myStmt.executeQuery("INSERT INTO REVERSE_COL
( TABLE_NAME,COL_NAME,POS) values
(,'test','"+column[i]+"',1")

I have tried only i , +i+ and other method but its not working any suggestion how to solve this .
Thanks everyone .

A:

I have no jython experience, but I will still try to offer my personal approach and advice. Take from it what you will.
The first thing that I would look into, and perhaps this is something someone else knows offhand, is the way that a number is concatenated to the string. I'm speaking from a C++ background here, but a number i may well be converted to the ASCII character representing that value, and not necessarily the character that you intend.
For example, if i is 9, it may be placing a TAB into the string and not the number 9, which would be an ASCII value 57.
Again, I'm not telling you this IS the answer...but it's the first thing that pops into my mind. Good luck!


Michael Parkhurst and Nordsjælland turn their eyes back to Superligaen action after tough loss in Portugal while Danish Division One action kicks off with Aarhus looking to fight their way back into the top flight.

FC Nordsjælland - Brøndby IF

Following Thursday's hard-fought Europa League loss to Sporing which eliminated them from the competition, Michael Parkhurst and the Wild Tigers will look to continue their hot domestic start when they host Brøndby on Sunday.

While few would have given them a chance to come out of Sporting's Estádio José Alvalade with the necessary win to advance in the competition, Parkhurst and his teammates gave the hosts some nervous moments by pulling to within a goal of victory in the late going, before finally conceding the backbreaker in the final moments.

They can nevertheless take heart from their encouraging display as they shift focus back to their league campaign, which has them currently in a lofty second place after three rounds of games.

Last weekend's 2-0 win over Randers showed Morten Wieghorst's team at their very best, combining a tight defensive unit with their free-flowing attack in a dominating display in which the scoreline could have even been considered flattering to the losers.

In their opponents Brøndby, the Wild Tigers are facing a team which has also put on a series of solid, if unspectacular performances. Tied with Nordsjælland on six points, their Copenhagen-area neighbors have reeled off four straight wins, split between a pair of league victories and their successful passage through Europa League third-round qualifying.

Wieghorst should have a full squad available for the game, which could be an important factor for a team which could still be weary from their 1500-mile-plus trip back home just days before.

Brøndby could be without defender Thomas Rasmussen, midfielder Michael Krohn-Dehli and forward Martin Bernburg after all were left out of the team's squad for Thursday's Europa League contest with minor injuries.

Vejle BK - AGF Aarhus

Benny Feilhaber and Aarhus begin their first season back in the Danish second-tier - with an eye on promotion - when they visit Vejle on Sunday.

A terrible spring doomed Feilhaber and his teammates to relegation from the Superligaen, at the end of last season, leaving them to navigate the waters of the First Division for at least one season.

While it was expected that two of the team's most valuable assets - Feilhaber and fellow midfielder Jakob Poulsen - would be departing for greener pastures during the summer, a dearth of acceptable offers for the pair for either has the team currently with the strongest squad in the division.

Feilhaber will have a busy week as he has also been called up by Bob Bradley for the USA's friendly game against Brazil in New Jersey two days after the league opener, which will almost certainly keep him out of Aarhus' midweek Danish Cup game one day later.

Having originally eyed their own promotion back to the Superligaen at the beginning of the previous season, Vejle faltered down the stretch going winless in their final 13 league games to finish a troublesome three points above the relegation spots.

Both teams are healthy and sporting full squads out of their pre-season preparations.

FC Vestsjælland - FC Roskilde

After finishing strong to survive the previous season in the First Division, FC Roskilde and central defender Jamil Fearrington begin the season under a new coach with hopes of making headway into the upper half of the standings, beginning with Sunday's contest at Vestsjælland.

The team made several major changes during the offseason, most notably replacing longtime coach Martin Jungsgaard with another previous coach from more than a decade before, Carsten Broe.

The team also just added veteran keeper Lasse Sørensen earlier in the week to alleviate their goalkeeping crisis, and have somehow managed to hang onto their most dangerous offensive weapon, 13-goal-scorer Jeppe Kjær.

Vestsjælland looked to be possible promotion contenders at the mid-point of last season, but fell off slightly during the spring to finish 12 points back in fifth place.

Neither team is reporting any injuries prior to the match.

Kolding FC - Viborg FF

Babajijde Ogunbiyi and Viborg will look to continue their back-line dominance from last season, but will hope to find a bit more offensive spark in the new term as they push for the top flight, starting on Sunday when they visit pre-season relegation favorites Kolding.

Viborg proved by and large to be one of the premier defensive units in the First Division during the spring half of the season, however their anemic attack - ranked as second-worst in the league - kept them from being able to put together a serious run for a top-two finish.

If their most recent pre-season performance, a commanding 4-1 win over fellow First Division competitors Skive, is any indication, they could be well on their way to promotion at season's end.

Kolding can count themselves lucky to still remain in the division after a poor previous term left them barely clear of falling into the doldrums of the Second Division, and can yet again be expected to have a tough time to maintain their status come season's end.

Both teams will have full squads available for the game.

Notes

Both Chris Rolfe and Marcus Tracy are in the recovery stage from injuries and will miss Aalborg's encounter with bottom-feeders Silkeborg on Saturday.

RANDOM TAGS FROM PAST WEEK...
SELECT `tags`.`id` AS `tag_id`, `tags`.`tag` AS `tag_name` FROM `article_tags` JOIN `tags` ON `article_tags`.`tag` = `tags`.`id` WHERE `article_tags`.`article` IN () GROUP BY `article_tags`.`tag` ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 10


Characteristics and pretreatment behaviors of clients entering drug abuse treatment: 1969 to 1993.
This study summarizes historical changes among clients entering drug treatment in their sociodemographic characteristics and important pretreatment behaviors, such as work activity, criminal behavior, drug use, prior drug treatment, and health insurance. Data are drawn from three major studies of drug abuse treatment clients: the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP), 1969-1972; the Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS), 1979-1981; and the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), 1991-1993. The mix of drug treatment clients and their interaction with the drug treatment system changed substantially over the past three decades. Because data items are most directly comparable between TOPS and DATOS, the focus of this paper is on changes within the past decade. The most conspicuous change is in types and numbers of drugs used by clients entering treatment. Multiple drug use declined since the late 1970s, while reports of cocaine use since TOPS more than doubled among clients in the long-term residential and outpatient treatment modalities, and increased 1 1/2 times among methadone clients. Other differences in treatment populations include decreases in clients' working full-time and in reports of suicidal ideation and attempts and predatory crime. Data from such studies as DARP, TOPS, and DATOS are valuable in historical, contextual, policy, and evaluative frameworks. The changing nature of the drug treatment client population--from sociodemographics to drug use and multiple treatment problem severities--highlights the complexity of issues and difficulties encountered by those attempting to treat clients or plan treatment strategies.


One of my main reasons for starting this blog was to have a place I could share the cool costumes I’ve made for my son over the years.

Sewing isn’t really my thing, so buying articles of clothing have often saved me time and energy in costume making. With the variety in pre-owned clothing stores, from Goodwill to Value Village, if the right clothes aren’t part of your child’s wardrobe, quite often they can be purchased quite economically.

1993: Mickey Mouse

When Aunt Cindy came back from her Disneyland vacation, she brought my son Mickey Mouse ears with his name embroidered on them. This became the first piece of my son’s first Hallowe’en costume.

For Mickey black tights and a long sleeved black cotton turtleneck were essential base pieces.

We wanted the classic original Mickey look, so my son’s red shorts were just the thing. I just needed to sew two large white buttons on the front, and another two on the back, where I also attached a piece of (untwisted) black raffia for the mouse tail.

Mickey wears 1930’s era white gloves, so I altered a pair of the little stretch gloves that can expand to fit adult fingers. Since Mickey (like many cartoon characters) has only three fingers, I removed one finger from each glove, so two fingers have to share a finger in the glove. Then I used a black marker to draw three black lines on the back of the hand part of the glove.

Opa and Oma helped out with the classic Mickey Mouse shoes. Using stuffing and yellow felt, they made over a pair of toddler slippers into the bulgy yellow shoes Mickey Mouse wears.

1994: Scott Tracy, Thunderbird One Pilot
Both my husband and I grew up watching the Gerry and Sylvia Anderson supermarionation “Thunderbirds” television series. As a science fiction fan, I had been looking for a chance to see it again for years, but it was only reissued here when our child was small, so he grew up watching it too.

Blue turtleneck and sweatpants formed the costume’s base. I used a vinyl fabric with a fuzzy white backing to make the sash, and glued on velcro for the closure. The sash also had a belt loop to hold tools (a yellow flashlight went there) and a plastic friction-spark gun was just perfect to serve as Scott’s ray gun that fills the holster on the other side of the sash. The glue did not hold up very well, and has been repaired with clear packing tape at this point. More of the vinyl became boot covers, which can be pulled on over ordinary shoes.

I used acrylic paint to recreate the International Rescue logo on the sash. The oval IR logo on the hat was made by painting the black outline over metallic silver paper, then glued onto the pilot hat. The hat was fairly simple to make for a novice. The hardest part was incorporating more blue vinyl as piping. To help the hat stay on, I attached a bit of elastic that ran unobtrusively behind his head under his hair.

He was very proud to trick-or-treat as Scott Tracy, but was annoyed at how many people had no idea who he was supposed to be.

1995: Mickey II

Two years later, when he had a better grasp of Hallowe’en, since we had moved (and had a new audience) my son chose to reprise the role in the new neighborhood. The slippers no longer fit, and he chose instead to wear ordinary running shoes. After trick-or-treating, we went to the Brampton Pizza Hut Hallowe’en Party, where he’s pictured above with KooKoo the Klown.

1996: Spiderman

The costume is based on “the real Spiderman” which to me is the Spiderman from Ralph Bakshi’s animated 1970’s television series. Conveniently, my son agreed. The costume was created from a red sweater that Nanny would have sent to Goodwill had we not snagged it. Blue sweatpants formed the base, and I cut up the sweater into bits I then sewed into the head, sweater, boot covers and gloves. I used a bottle of black silk screen paint to make the web detail work.

1997: Superkid

At this age my son often spent time drawing pictures and making up stories about his own super namesake, so that was who he decided to be for next Hallowe’en. This was kind of fun because I had a lot more freedom of design.


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<table xmlns="http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/schema/table.xsd" https="true">
	<meta>
		<author>Zach Graves (zachg@yahoo-inc.com)</author>
		<description>Twitter OAuth API</description>
		<documentationURL>http://apiwiki.twitter.com/Twitter-API-Documentation</documentationURL>
		<sampleQuery>select * from {table};</sampleQuery>
	</meta>
	<bindings>
		<select itemPath="relationship" produces="XML">
			<urls>
				<url>http://api.twitter.com/1/friendships/show.{format}</url>
			</urls>
			<inputs>
				<key id="source_id" type="xs:string" paramType="query" required="false"/>
				<key id="source_screen_name" type="xs:string" paramType="query" required="false"/>
				<key id="target_id" type="xs:string" paramType="query" required="false"/>
				<key id="target_screen_name" type="xs:string" paramType="query" required="false"/>
				<key id="format" type="xs:string" paramType="path" default="xml"/>

				<key id="oauth_consumer_key" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="false"/>
				<key id="oauth_consumer_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="false"/>
				<key id="oauth_token" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="false"/>
				<key id="oauth_token_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="false"/>
			</inputs>
			<execute>
				<![CDATA[
if(oauth_consumer_key && oauth_consumer_secret && oauth_token && oauth_token_secret) {
   y.include("http://zachgrav.es/twitter/yql/oauth.utils.js");

   var accessor = {};
   accessor.consumerKey = oauth_consumer_key;
   accessor.consumerSecret = oauth_consumer_secret;
   accessor.realm = request.url;
   accessor.token = oauth_token;
   accessor.tokenSecret = oauth_token_secret;

   response.object = sendRequest({
     action: request.url,
     method: 'GET',
     accessor: accessor,
     parameters: null
   });
} else {
   try {
      response.object = request.get().response;
   } catch(err) {
      response.object = {'result':'failure', 'error': err};
   }
}
				]]>
			</execute>
		</select>
		<insert itemPath="user" produces="XML">
			<urls>
				<url>http://api.twitter.com/1/friendships/create/{id}.{format}</url>
			</urls>
			<inputs>
				<key id="id" type="xs:string" paramType="path" required="true"/>
				<key id="follow" type="xs:string" paramType="query" required="false"/>
				<key id="format" type="xs:string" paramType="path" default="xml"/>

				<key id="oauth_consumer_key" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_consumer_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_token" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_token_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
			</inputs>
			<execute>
				<![CDATA[
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
y.include("http://zachgrav.es/twitter/yql/oauth.utils.js");
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

var accessor = {};
accessor.consumerKey = oauth_consumer_key;
accessor.consumerSecret = oauth_consumer_secret;
accessor.realm = request.url;
accessor.token = oauth_token;
accessor.tokenSecret = oauth_token_secret;

response.object = sendRequest({
   action: request.url,
   method: "POST",
   accessor: accessor,
   parameters: null
});
				]]>
			</execute>
		</insert>
		<delete>
			<urls>
				<url>http://api.twitter.com/1/friendships/destroy/{id}.{format}</url>
			</urls>
			<inputs>
				<key id="id" type="xs:string" paramType="path" required="true"/>
				<key id="format" type="xs:string" paramType="path" default="xml"/>

				<key id="oauth_consumer_key" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_consumer_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_token" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
				<key id="oauth_token_secret" type="xs:string" paramType="variable" required="true"/>
			</inputs>
			<execute>
				<![CDATA[
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
y.include("http://zachgrav.es/twitter/yql/oauth.utils.js");
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

var accessor = {};
accessor.consumerKey = oauth_consumer_key;
accessor.consumerSecret = oauth_consumer_secret;
accessor.realm = request.url;
accessor.token = oauth_token;
accessor.tokenSecret = oauth_token_secret;

response.object = sendRequest({
   action: request.url,
   method: "DELETE",
   accessor: accessor,
   parameters: null
});
				]]>
			</execute>
		</delete>
	</bindings>
</table>


Most of the news this year, however, appears to be good for the world’s richest — perhaps a sign of a perkier global economy in 2012. Seventeen of the 20 billionaires on the list have added to their net worth year-to-date. The only three losers were Walmart heirs Christy, Jim and Samuel Robson Walton, likely reflecting the fact that Walmart stock has lost ground in 2012.

Charting the wealth of the world’s most outrageously wealthy used to be strictly the purview of Forbes magazine, whose own billionaires list is published each March and is due out later today Wednesday. But this year the magazine has been scooped by the upstart Bloomberg News organization, whose daily list attempts to make the Forbes version obsolete. According to the New York Post, however, Forbes will come out with its own daily rankings later this month.

Bloomberg fired the opening salvo in this war for wealth coverage last winter when it announced it would be producing its own global rich list and was hiring Forbes magazine veteran Matthew Miller to head up the project. Miller spent seven years at Forbes and was the editor of the America-focused Forbes 400, as well as the co-editor of the Forbes World’s Billionaires list.

(MORE: ‘Gordon Gekko’ Joins FBI Battle Against Wall Street Fraud)

One blind spot to Bloomberg’s coverage, however, will be the company’s majority owner and erstwhile CEO, and New York City’s mayor. According to Forbes, Michael Bloomberg is America’s 12th richest man and the world’s 30th. He won’t be appearing in any of Bloomberg News’ coverage, however, as it is the company’s editorial policy not to cover Bloomberg LP.

From batting averages to polling numbers, we live in an age of real-time data. Now, thanks to Bloomberg News, you can add billionaires’ net worth to the list of statistics you can look up day to day. Bloomberg News launched its Bloomberg Billionaires Index yesterday, a daily ranking of the world’s 20 wealthiest people. The list will be updated daily based on “market and economic changes and Bloomberg News reporting.” It will also include a yearly and daily accounting of how much these tycoons’ holdings have fluctuated.

Let’s just say these numbers trump whatever you won or lost at the roulette table in Atlantic City, N.J., last weekend. On the day of its launch, the index estimated that the world’s wealthiest man, Mexican telecom magnate Carlos Slim Helú, lost nearly half a billion dollars in the previous 24 hours. The No. 2 richest man, Bill Gates, saw his net worth tumble by $102 million in the same time span.

Most of the news this year, however, appears to be good for the world’s richest — perhaps a sign of a perkier global economy in 2012. Seventeen of the 20 billionaires on the list have added to their net worth year-to-date. The only three losers were Walmart heirs Christy, Jim and Samuel Robson Walton, likely reflecting the fact that Walmart stock has lost ground in 2012.

Charting the wealth of the world’s most outrageously wealthy used to be strictly the purview of Forbes magazine, whose own billionaires list is published each March and is due out later today Wednesday. But this year the magazine has been scooped by the upstart Bloomberg News organization, whose daily list attempts to make the Forbes version obsolete. According to the New York Post, however, Forbes will come out with its own daily rankings later this month.

Bloomberg fired the opening salvo in this war for wealth coverage last winter when it announced it would be producing its own global rich list and was hiringForbes magazine veteran Matthew Miller to head up the project. Miller spent seven years at Forbes and was the editor of the America-focused Forbes 400, as well as the co-editor of the Forbes World’s Billionaires list.

One blind spot to Bloomberg’s coverage, however, will be the company’s majority owner and erstwhile CEO, and New York City’s mayor. According to Forbes, Michael Bloomberg is America’s 12th richest man and the world’s 30th. He won’t be appearing in any of Bloomberg News’ coverage, however, as it is the company’s editorial policy not to cover Bloomberg LP.


Concentration of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin in serum in response to stress: A contribution to the prevention of stress ulcers by means of vitamin A.
Starting from clinical observations indicating a reduction in the stress ulcer rate by parenteral administration of high doses of vitamin A after burns, traumatic damage and surgical operations, the pattern of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations in serum was studied in a number of patients with multiple traumas (group 1; n equals 32), cranial-cerebral lesions and postoperative conditions (group 2; n equals 27) and patients having undergone gynecologic operation (group 3; n equals 15); the results obtained were compared with the concentrations determined preoperatively and the normal values as reported in the literature. It was seen that the concentrations in the 3 groups were significantly reduced for all 3 parameters. This fall in concentration was observed not only when food was withheld but also with optimal supplies of essential nutrients. Intestinal hemmorrhages occurred in altogether 6 patients of groups 1 and 2 who exhibited serum vitamin A concentrations in the extremely low range and in the lower normal range.


Q:

Why can't i click on "Draw Curve" in Blender 2.78

i recently installed blender 2.78, and when i tried to use the newly added feature "Draw Curve" i can't, i can't click on it, it appears to be in grey.
Does anyone knows why, and thanks in advanced.

A:

I tried some stuff and it and it seems like it doesn't generate a new object (a curve).
It did work after i added a Bezier curve myself. After adding a curve i just went to the toolshlef and was ready to use it to align the curve with my drawn curve


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╚══██╔══╝██╔═══██╗██║ ██╔╝██╔════╝████╗  ██║██╔════╝
   ██║   ██║   ██║█████╔╝ █████╗  ██╔██╗ ██║███████╗
   ██║   ██║   ██║██╔═██╗ ██╔══╝  ██║╚██╗██║╚════██║
   ██║   ╚██████╔╝██║  ██╗███████╗██║ ╚████║███████║
   ╚═╝    ╚═════╝ ╚═╝  ╚═╝╚══════╝╚═╝  ╚═══╝╚══════╝

Tokens are like backup namespaces, you can have the same file in
different tokens and it won't conflict.

There are 2 kinds of tokens, ReadWrite and WriteOnly, ReadWrite tokens
dont require any credentials for create, delete and list files,
WriteOnly tokens require credentials for *list* and *delete*.

To get your current tokens use:
{{ template "partial_email_status.txt" . }}

{{ template "TokenList.txt" . }}

{{ template "TokenCreate.txt" . }}

{{ template "TokenModify.txt" . }}

{{ template "TokenDelete.txt" . }}


Gun groups target California lawmakers for recall

Sacramento --

Gun-rights advocates plan to target Assembly Speaker John Pérez and four other Democratic lawmakers in a recall campaign to serve as retribution for California passing an assortment of gun-control bills this year.

Political consultant Jennifer Kerns announced Thursday that the lawmakers they will attempt to unseat include Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, state Sen. Ben Hueso, D-San Diego, state Sen. Norma Torres, D-Pomona (Los Angeles County), Assemblywoman Sharon Quirk-Silva, D-Fullerton (Orange County), and Peréz, who terms out of his Los Angeles seat next year.

Kerns said the group is using a scoring system in which lawmakers are ranked on how they voted and how much money it would take to initiate a recall election. Assemblyman Tim Donnelly, R-Twin Peaks (San Bernardino County), joined in the announcement on the west steps of the Capitol.

Kerns said Republican Assembly members Brian Jones of Santee (San Diego County) and Shannon Grove of Bakersfield have also joined the effort.

"Every single assemblyman and state senator swore an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution," said Donnelly, a Tea Party favorite running a low-funded campaign for governor next year. "When they violate that oath by trying to erase the Second Amendment, I think we have a duty for those who swore that oath to remove that threat."

Kerns helped lead a successful recall in Colorado last month in which two Colorado Democratic legislators were replaced with Republican members due to their support of gun restrictions. Kerns said the Colorado efforts sparked calls for loosening restrictions in California, which has the toughest gun-control laws in the country.

Kerns said Gov. Jerry Brown would not be a target, citing a $2 million price tag to gather enough signatures to put the recall of the governor on the state ballot.

California Assembly Speaker John Perez, D- Los Angeles, right, and four other Democrat lawmakers have been targeted by gun-rights advocates in a recall campaign to serve as retribution for California passing an assortment of gun control bills this year. less California Assembly Speaker John Perez, D- Los Angeles, right, and four other Democrat lawmakers have been targeted by gun-rights advocates in a recall campaign to serve as retribution for California ... more Photo: Rich Pedroncelli, Associated Press Photo: Rich Pedroncelli, Associated Press Image 1 of / 1 Caption Close Gun groups target California lawmakers for recall 1 / 1 Back to Gallery

"The legislators are the ones who passed these bills," Kerns said.

The groups, which include Gun Owners of California, are counting on gun owners to buoy their efforts to break the Democrats' control in the Legislature.

And, they said Colorado offered much hope. Gun-rights advocates won in Colorado, despite targeting districts with more Democrats than Republicans and being outspent 5 to 1.

Brown signed 11 gun-control bills into law earlier this month, including a ban on lead ammunition used by hunters. The lead-ammunition bill was second to a detachable-magazine ban proposed by state Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg, D-Sacramento, on the group's list of most hated bills.


//
//  Logger.h
//  Logger
//
//  Created by Ивлев А.Е. on 26.09.16.
//
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

//! Project version number for Logger.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT double LoggerVersionNumber;

//! Project version string for Logger.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT const unsigned char LoggerVersionString[];

// In this header, you should import all the public headers of your framework using statements like #import <Logger/PublicHeader.h>


Using Google as a proxy server to bypass web-blockers, paywalls - bgun
http://www.labnol.org/internet/google-proxy-server/28112/

======
cowbell
Not smart enough to get around region restrictions though apparently...

[http://www.gmodules.com/ig/proxy?url=http://www.livestation....](http://www.gmodules.com/ig/proxy?url=http://www.livestation.com/en/bbc-
world/popout)


Folding White Step Stool Small

Reference: 077491

Condition: New product

A definite must-have in any home or office, these convenient and sturdy foldable step stools are lightweight and easy to store. They easily fold flat for hassle-free storage and come with a built-in carry handle for convenient portability.

Send to a friend

Folding White Step Stool Small

A definite must-have in any home or office, these convenient and sturdy foldable step stools are lightweight and easy to store. They easily fold flat for hassle-free storage and come with a built-in carry handle for convenient portability.


President Trump said the U.S. government would look into national-security concerns raised by billionaire investor and Facebook Inc. board member Peter Thiel about Google’s ties to China.

Hours later at a Senate hearing, Google confirmed for the first time that it had killed its controversial plans for a censored search engine in China dubbed “Dragonfly.”

The...


Show HN: Generate animated GIFs from asciinema terminal recordings - wonderfuly
https://github.com/tav/asciinema2gif
======
brudgers
The Readme "shows not tells" how powerful the technique might be. Managing the
downsides for searchability might require some further thought regarding usage
on the web.


Thursday, October 11, 2012

Controversial Thursday: Without couth in Monster Cafe

Running a bar has it's ups and downs no doubt. One runs into many problems. One also runs into especially in this city a lack of education. But as I understand it the same things are common back in my home town of Atlanta. This is not to condemn the whole city mind you. But some People are frickin morons. But this is my blog and this IS Controversial Thursday where it is no holds barred and someone is going to get offended.
So here we go........

Seems like a pretty ordinary picture doesn't it? Young couple enjoying a meal...Oh what is that? What is on her plate? Is that some kind of new Monster Cafe dish? No? That is RIGHT! This ASSHAT brings OUTSIDE food into MY restaurant and proceeds to use MY plate to eat it. Look lady...This is NOT a park where one can do that in. You cannot bring outside food into a restaurant. See what I mean?

Let's take a look at the next bozos...

I was a waiter in Atlanta AND New York for several years and only one time has someone not left me a tip. Expand the photo. Behind the white truck a group of kids are leaving...Without tipping my waiter. That BURNS me up in this city. I see more of that than I can care to admit. But the Mexican people are so humble. My waiters have never complained. I am truly awed at that. I would be throwing protests behind people that stiffed me for sure if it were I waiting on them. You don't want to tip? Go to Mcdonald's where you don't have to. Do not come to a classy place like this and play that crap. Don't go anywhere..... We got more couthless individuals featured...

The table with the pink girl at it. Oblivious to EVERYONE around them on ASSHAT decides to turn up some Spanish Mariachi tunes on his phone and blasts it. Does NOT care about the people sitting around them enjoying Monster Cafe music....These people wanted THEIR music. Didn't ask permission, just did it. Incredulous is hardly the word I would use. I almost asked them to turn it off but I decided to let peace reign.

And lastly...Now this is not my promotion ad, I just googled one. We do have 2 buy 1 beer sometimes. The messege behind the promotion should be obvious to anyone. Use the promotion but order food too to be nice. It is the restaurant's way of helping out the customer. How is that working here in Monster Cafe? Not good. Most of the time the cheapskates come into RAID the promotion and never order anything to eat. They walk away with a belly full of beer. The promotion should never be abused like that. Sadly lack of an education is prevalent here. Just for the record whenever I go to a restaurant I ALWAYS get something to eat. Never have I just had beer and left the place. Must be some serious alcoholics running around to do all of that.

That sucks. I have never had a job where I had to work with the public..it was always behind the scene. I would have to say something because I can be just as much of an asshole as the people that do that stuff. lolI was a cook from 1999 to 2005....and luckily never ever had any problems. Even when I was working for the bar and grills...but never...ever could I work out in the dining room. I would strangle someone, and that's not good for business. lol


Best Food Processors

Healthy cooking starts with fresh ingredients — then, often, there's loads of tedious, tiring prep work. Luckily, a good food processor (or its little sister, a mini- chopper) can save your wrists — and your diet. We tested 17 full-size units to see how well they handled tasks such as julienning potatoes, slicing tomatoes and pepperoni, shredding mozzarella, and even kneading pizza dough. We put the six mini-choppers to work on onions, parsley, and Parmesan cheese. We also rated all the machines on their ease of use. These slice-and-dicers can really reduce your time in the kitchen. For more top choppers, be sure to check out our kitchen knife recommendations.

Workhorse Winners

Workhorse Winners

The Cuisinart Prep 9 ($150, amazon.com) and Prep 11 ($200, amazon.com) excelled at everything — even tricky jobs like slicing tomatoes and shredding carrots. The Prep 9's nine-cup capacity should be ample for most home cooks, while the 11-cup Prep 11 is ideal if you entertain often.

Budget Buy

Budget Buy

What you get with the Hamilton Beach Big Mouth Duo ($80, amazon.com) for this nice price: two bowls (a 14-cup one, plus a five-cup one for small tasks) and excellent overall performance. What you don't get: dough-kneading capability, and quiet (it was one of the noisiest units tested).


Welcome to the 2017 edition of “Top Shelf Prospects”. During the summer, I will feature a team-by-team look at the top prospects in the NHL. I will follow the order of the first round of the NHL draft (as if there were no trades). You can find all the articles here. Since we had an extensive NHL Draft preview, I will not be reviewing the players who were drafted this year. There have been no games since then, and my reports on them will not have changed.

I will link you to those articles; as well as taking a look at prospects that were acquired before this year’s draft; their progress, and their chances of making the 2017-18 roster. I will also bring you one sleeper pick – a player who was either drafted in the 4th-round or later; or an undrafted free agent signing who I pick as a dark horse to make the NHL. The cut-off for prospects is typically 50 NHL games played or being 25 years old. These are not hard or fast rules though, and I may make some exceptions depending on the circumstances.

TSP: Vegas Golden Knights Prospects

This report will be a little different from the rest of our reports. As a brand new team, the top Vegas Golden Knights prospects are going to lean very heavily towards players they selected in the 2017 NHL Draft. After all the Golden Knights received the title of best draft, in our annual draft grades.

Smart moves by general manager George McPhee in building his team around the Expansion Draft ensure that these aren’t the only prospects the Golden Knights have. They have aquired players who still qualify as prospects in this series, including Shea Theodore, Alex Tuch, Keegan Kolesar, and signed free agent Reid Duke.

2017 NHL Draft Picks: Cody Glass, Nick Suzuki, Erik Brannstrom, Nicolas Hague, Jake Leschyshyn, Jonas Rondbjerg, Maksim Zhukov, Lucas Elvenes, Jonathan Dugan, Nick Campoli, Jiri Patera, Ben Jones

Top Prospect: Cody Glass

The Golden Knights drafted Glass with the 6th overall pick in this year’s NHL draft. Prior to the draft, we did an in-depth scouting report on Glass. As no games have been played since that report; we will not repeat it. You can check out the report here.

Defense — shoots Left

Born August 3rd, 1995 — Langley, British Columbia

Height 6’2″ — Weight 195 lbs [188 cm / 88 kg]

Drafted by Anaheim Ducks in the 1st round, #26 overall at the 2013 NHL Entry Draft

Traded to the Vegas Golden Knights in June 2017

Anaheim has one of the deepest defence corps in the NHL, as such getting a full-time role has been difficult for the 21-year old. Theodore yo-yoed between the AHL and the big club for the second straight year. He scored two goals and nine points in 34 games for Ducks as well as five goals and 20 points for the San Diego Gulls. Theodore was very impressive when injuries hit the Ducks in the NHL playoffs scoring two goals and eight points in 14 games.

Skating

Theodore’s skating is at an elite level and defines his game. He has excellent speed and acceleration, and this allows him to lead the rush, or to join as a trailer and then get back to the defensive responsibilities in his own end. He has great agility, and good edge work, and pivots which really allows him to cover a lot of ice. Theodore improved his lower body strength, giving him better balance and helping him to be stronger on the puck. However, there are still steps to be taken in this area.

Offensive Game

Theodore is developing into an excellent offensive producer. In addition to his skating ability, he has great stick handling and excellent poise. Couple this with very good vision and passing abilities and Theodore is a key play maker. He can set up teammates both off the rush, and when quarterbacking the power play. On top of it all Theodore has developed an excellent slap shot and one timer and can score from the point on the power play. He gets the puck on net, even through traffic. Theodore understands that keeping the puck low can provide his teammates opportunities for rebounds, tip-ins and screens.

Defensive Game

Theodore has plenty of size. Since being drafted he has improved the physical aspects of his game. He is better in board battles, in throwing hits and in clearing the crease. There is still some more room for improvement and bulking up and adding some more muscle to his frame would certainly help. He gambles offensively from time-to-time, which can get him caught at the defensive end of the ice.

Outlook

Expect Theodore to be a top four defenceman for the Golden Knights. He is NHL ready and will be one of the pieces that this team is built around.

#3 Prospect: Nick Suzuki

The Golden Knights drafted Suzuki with the 13th overall pick in this year’s NHL draft. Prior to the draft, we did an in-depth scouting report on Suzuki. As no games have been played since that report; we will not repeat it. You can check out the report here.

#4 Prospect: Erik Brannstrom

The Golden Knights drafted Brannstrom with the 15th overall pick in this year’s NHL draft. Prior to the draft, we did an in-depth scouting report on Brannstrom. As no games have been played since that report; we will not repeat it. You can check out the report here.

Right Wing — shoots Right

Born May 10th, 1996 — Baldwinsville, New York

Height 6’4″ — Weight 225 lbs [193 cm /103 kg]

Drafted by the Minnesota Wild in the 1st round, #18 overall at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft

Traded to the Vegas Golden Knights in June 2017

Alex Tuch had a first pro season. He scored 18 goals and 37 points in 57 games as an AHL rookie with the Iowa Wild. He also got in a quick callup with the Minnesota Will, playing six NHL games. Unfortunately, he is still looking for his first NHL point.

Skating

Tuch is 6’4 and 225 pounds. He is built like a truck. He plays with the skill needed to become the type of power forward prospect many teams covet. His skating stride seems unconventional and awkward, but it doesn’t hold him back as he generates decent speed and has a good first step and adequate acceleration. He’s not a speedster but he can keep up. Tuch also has good balance and is strong on the puck. Tuch wins a tone of puck battles using that good balance, and leverage, along with his size. He also uses his balance to fight through checks and get to the dirty areas of the ice in order to put up points. Tuch has good agility for a man his size, and can slip through openings when he sees them.

Offensive Game

Tuch uses his size and strength to establish position in front of the net or to win board battles. He also is an effective fore checker and will use his body to get the puck, and while very effective, he is not likely to throw too many highlight reel hits. He is also good at controlling the puck in the cycle game and at driving the net when an opening appears. If an opening doesn’t appear, he drives the net bowling right over the man defending him.

Tuch has soft hands to tip in pucks, pounce on rebounds, and score from in tight when driving the net. He also had one of the hardest wrist shots in the college and a very good release. Tuch adds to that powerful wrister, with a cannon of a slap shot which he can unleash in one-timers. He is able to control the puck in the cycle game and make smart passes to teammates leading to the majority of his assists. His hockey sense is very good, as Tuch seems to almost always make the smart play with the puck, and he is able to find openings in the defence without it.

Defensive Game

Tuch shows good defensive instincts. His hockey IQ is very apparent as he anticipates plays well leading to turnovers and starting the transition game. He is hard on the back check and supports the defense down low. Tuch wins battles along the boards in all three zones. His hard-nosed and gritty style helps in his own end of the ice. He is a very good all-around type of player.

Outlook

Expect to see Tuch starting in the AHL this year. He needs to play big minutes and continue to develop his consistency and make other minor refinements to his game. Tuch could become an important part of the Golden Knights soon.

#6 Prospect: Nicolas Hague

The Golden Knights drafted Hague with the 34th overall pick in this year’s NHL draft. Prior to the draft, we did an in-depth scouting report on Hage. As no games have been played since that report; we will not repeat it. You can check out the report here.

#7 Prospect: Keegan Kolesar

Right Wing — shoots Right

Born April 8th, 1997 — Winnipeg, Manitoba

Height 6’2″ — Weight 223 lbs [188 cm / 101 kg]

Drafted by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 3rd round, #69 overall, at the 2015 NHL Entry Draft

Traded to the Vegas Golden Knights, June 2017.

Kolesar had an an excellent final season with the Seattle Thunderbirds. He put up 26 goals and 60 points in 54 regular season games. He turned his game up another notch in the playoffs, helping the Seattle Thunderbirds to the WHL Championship. Kolesar had 12 goals and 31 points in 19 games, leading all scorers in the WHL playoffs.

Skating

While Kolesar is a good prospect, the biggest concern here is his skating. He must get quicker, particularly in his first few steps. An awkward and choppy startup, and poor acceleration can be an issue, particularly in chasing down loose pucks. He has gotten better in the last two years, but there is still work to be done in this area. Once he gets going Kolesar has above average speed, and has the agility and edge work to create problems off the rush. He also has good balance. Kolesar is strong on his skates and can win board battles or establish position in front of the net.

Offensive Game

Kolesar is a potential power forward who plays a very simple game. As mentioned, he is strong and powerful along the boards, and wins battles for position in front of the net. He gets into good positions as well as the quick hands to score goals in close. He can pounce on rebounds, one time in passes and get deflections out front. Kolesar does have a hard wrist shot, snap shot, and one-timer from further out. His shots also feature a good release. Kolesar has a knack for getting finding a soft spot in the defence and getting that shot off.

He also loves to hit, and punishes defenders on the forecheck. Most of his assists come from digging pucks out of corners or protecting it on the cycle and then getting the puck to a teammate in front of the int.

Defensive Game

Kolesar plays his gritty style in all three zones. He fights for loose pucks and gets into good positions. He is willing to work hard on the back check, helping with back pressure. Kolesar has smart positioning, cutting down passing lanes, and is willing to block shots.

Outlook

Kolesar will turn pro this season. Expect to see him with the Chicago Wolves as he will continue to develop in the AHL. He could be two years away from the NHL as he has some areas of his game that must be refined.

#8 Prospect: Jake Leschyshyn

The Golden Knights drafted Leschyshyn with the 62nd overall pick in this year’s NHL draft. Prior to the draft, we did an in-depth scouting report on Leschyshyn. As no games have been played since that report; we will not repeat it. You can check out the report here.

Left Wing — shoots Left

Born December 20th 1994 — Lasalle, Quebec

Height 6’1 — Weight 194 lbs [185 cm / 88 kg]

Drafted by the St. Louis Blues in round 2, #57 overall at the 2013 NHL Entry Draft

Traded to the Buffalo Sabres in February 2014

Drafted by the Vegas Golden Knights in the Expansion Draft

Carrier spent most of the year with the Buffalo Sabres, scoring five goals and eight points in 41 games for the team.

Skating

Carrier has a strong, powerful skating stride. He generates very good speed, and his acceleration is such that he can reach top speed in only a few strides. He has enough speed to take a defender wide and cut to the net. Carrier has great balance and is very difficult to knock off the puck. Carrier’s powerful stride allows him to fight through checks, and he has the ability to go straight through defenders at times instead of going around them. He has decent agility and edgework, but he’s more likely to use his ability to bulldoze a defender then to elude them.

Offensive Game

Carrier cycles the puck extremely well down low, and finds openings to cut to the net. He can show soft hands when he gets there. He scores most of his goals in tight either through this cutting to the net; or by standing in front with rebounds and tip-ins. Carrier has good vision and can be an decent play maker, especially out of the cycle. A pure power forward, he wins battles along the boards, and loves to throw his weight around on the fore check. He could stand to improve his stick handling though. This holds Carrier’s offensive game back. He will need to get better at making plays while still moving at top speed. Otherwise he will top out as a bottom six player going forward.

Defensive Game

Carrier has the added bonus of playing a strong two-way game. He brings his physical presence to his own end of the rink, and continues to be strong in board battles and hitting. He also cuts down on passing and shooting lanes and is not afraid to block shots. Carrier has good anticipation, and creates turnovers. He has been used on the penalty kill.

Outlook

At this point Carrier is profiling like a bottom six player. He can play a grinding game in the offensive zone, and a decent defensive game. He should get a bottom six role on the Golden Knights.

Sleeper Prospect: Tomas Hyka

Right Wing — shoots Right

Born March 23, 1993 — Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic

Height 5’11” — Weight 174 lbs [180 cm / 79 kg]

Drafted by the Los Angeles Kings in the 6th round, #171 overall at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft

Signed with the Vegas Golden Knights in June 2014.

Hyka had a very good season for BK Mlada Boleslav in the Czech Elite League. His 17 goals and 38 points in 48 games led the team. It was also enough to get him on the Czech team at the World Championships. Originally drafted by the Los Angeles Kings in 2012, his rights expired and he signed as a free agent with Vegas.

Skating

Hyka is another great skater. He has great top end speed, and really good acceleration. He is agile and extremely shifty, and uses his edges extremely well. Hyka makes sudden stops and starts, changes of direction, or changes of pace, giving defenders fits. Hyka has good balance. He needs work on his core strength. Hyka can be stronger on his skates and not knocked around as easily. He is a little undersized which is also an issue here.

Offensive Game

Hyka is a good puckhandler who isn’t afraid to take the puck to the net despite his frame. He has a decent shot and release, but is more of a play maker off the wing than a scorer. He also has good vision and makes crisp tape to tape passes putting teammates in good positions to convert. Hyka possesses excellent hockey sense and offensive instinct.

The biggest question on Hyka is his size and strength. Big, strong defenders knock Hyka off the puck at times. The question is if Hyka is strong enough to handle the rigors of NHL Hockey. Hyka could also stand to be more consistent, as there are times where he can disappear for stretches.

Defensive Game

He can also be overpowered in the defensive zone despite his attentive back checking. Hyka is a willing and committed back checker. He works hard in the defensive zone. Hyka has good positioning. He is aggressive and involved in the play. However his physical short comings really detract from his overall effectiveness in his own end of the ice.

Outlook

Hyka should fight for a spot on the NHL roster this year. He may be a depth piece providing some skill in the bottom six, or he could be injury depth in the AHL. Training camp will be extremely important for this bubble player.

System Review

The Golden Knights took full advantage of some very advantageous expansion draft rules this year, and turned it into a great draft that stocks their system. With three picks in the top 15, they snagged two potential top line centres in Glass and Suzuki. Lechyshyn and Lucas Elvenes are also solid picks. In terms of non-2017 drafted prospects, Tuch, Kolesar, and Hyka are joined by Brendan Leipsic, Reid Duke, William Carrier, Stefan Matteau, T.J. Tynan, and Tomas Nosek provide forward depth

Erik Brannstrom and Shea Theodore provide the Golden Knights with two elite puck movers in the system. Meanwhile Hague is a big body who can play a defensive game. Jake Bischoff provides depth further down the system. Adding to these young defencemen will be a priority for George McPhee very soon.

In net, Maksim Zhukov has excellent athleticism. While free agent signing Oscar Dansk provides depth in the system.

Main Photo: KELOWNA, CANADA – JANUARY 21: Cody Glass #8 of the Portland Winterhawks lines up against the Kelowna Rockets on January 21, 2017 at Prospera Place in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. (Photo by Marissa Baecker/Getty Images)


Visit my Travel Blog!: Kamikazee WanderGirl

Local and international tourists need no longer endure long lines when it comes to paying their travel taxes – thanks to the efforts of TIEZA, the government arm tasked with the collection and allocation of travel taxes. The government agency has now rolled out the Travel Tax Online Payment System. No more falling in line […]

“Not all who wander are lost,” so goes the oft-quoted line from JRR Tolkien’s poem “All That is Gold does not Glitter.” Marianas Islands, a lush Micronesian paradise made of tiny tropical islands in the Pacific sandwiched between the furthermost edges of Japan, Hawaii, New Guinea and the Philippines and currently classified as a US […]

Traveling nowadays doesn’t stop when one reaches the destination. The dawn of technology has given rise to the need to be always connected – whether sharing amazing photos of sunrise on top of Mt.Fuji, of well-worn but romantic path along Nami Island or reunion photos with long-lost cousins in California – some travel moments were […]

The last time I was in Boracay, it was mid-June of 2007. I have recently left my job at the shipping line plying the seas of the island and was returning for “the last time – for the time being.” Unlike most people who considered the island as paradise and vacation spot, the nature of […]

One of the things I was considering when I first went to Japan is to enter the country via Osaka and then make way to Tokyo via overnight bus through Willer Bus Service. Willet offers online bus reservations and unlike here in Manila, when you have to buy your physical tickets in advance if you […]

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I had a rough day at the office today Someone really wants me dead This is already too much. I come to realise that there is no such thing as being "half-assed" about things. I really have to make a decision. I know what that … Continue reading What does not kill me, makes me stronger

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As I was trawling the Net for various J-Pop news and whatnots, I came across this really funny CM from the website worldofjapanesecmsAnd I was laughing my brains out watching it though I really cannot get what these funny creatures had to do with the product. … Continue reading LOL commercial

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Just a short note paying my respects to South Koream former leader Roh Moo Hyun, who passed away yesterday, due to apparent suicide. President Roh was a humanitarian lawyer, who prided himself of clean governance when he was still the President of South Korea. Shortly, after … Continue reading RIP SK ex-pres Roh Moo Hyun

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For as long as I can remember, I've been a fan-girl extraordinaire. I've fan-girled for so many groups since my high school days, I'd probably earned a medal or something. I've been through New Kids on the Block, Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, F4, Incubus and now J-Pop … Continue reading Fan-boying

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Congenital dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: 30 years of follow-up.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare fibrohistiocytic tumor that commonly appears in adult patients. Few cases of DFSP in childhood have been reported. We describe a case of congenital DFSP that had been incompletely excised in childhood, and again at 28 years of age. The 33-year-old woman presented with a recurrence. When comparing the histologic features of the previous specimens excised in 1970 and 30 years later, the similar typical storiform pattern of fibromatous cells was found. The small number of proliferation-marker-positive cells was not altered over the course of 30 years. In line with a few additional reports, we suggest that congenital dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a tumor with a low malignant potential.


/*
 *    GeoTools - The Open Source Java GIS Toolkit
 *    http://geotools.org
 *
 *    (C) 2008, Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo)
 *
 *    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 *    License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *    version 2.1 of the License.
 *
 *    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 *    Lesser General Public License for more details.
 */
package org.geotools.util;

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Temporary methods to be removed when we will be allowed to compile for Java 6. The Java 6 methods
 * that we would like to use are commented-out at the begining of each method.
 *
 * @version $Id$
 * @author Martin Desruisseaux
 */
public final class Java6 {
    private Java6() {}

    /**
     * Placeholder for {@link Arrays#binarySearch(int[], int, int, int)}.
     *
     * <p>Note that I'm too lazy for implementing a real binary search. Lets switch to Java 6 and
     * throw away this code soon!
     */
    public static int binarySearch(
            final int[] a, final int fromIndex, final int toIndex, final int key) {
        //      return Arrays.binarySearch(a, fromIndex, toIndex, key);

        for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex; i++) {
            final int v = a[i];
            if (v == key) {
                return i;
            }
            if (v > key) {
                return ~i;
            }
        }
        return ~toIndex;
    }

    /** Returns the console reader, or {@code null} if none. */
    public static Reader consoleReader() {
        //      Console console = System.console();
        //      return (console != null) ? console.reader() : null;

        Method method;
        try {
            method = System.class.getMethod("console", (Class[]) null);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException exception) {
            return null; // We are not running Java 6.
        }
        try {
            final Object console = method.invoke(null, (Object[]) null);
            if (console != null) {
                method = console.getClass().getMethod("reader", (Class[]) null);
                return (Reader) method.invoke(console, (Object[]) null);
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Any kind of checked exception at this point would be a programming error.
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /** Returns the console writer, or {@code null} if none. */
    public static PrintWriter consoleWriter() {
        //      Console console = System.console();
        //      return (console != null) ? console.writer() : null;

        Method method;
        try {
            method = System.class.getMethod("console", (Class[]) null);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException exception) {
            return null; // We are not running Java 6.
        }
        try {
            final Object console = method.invoke(null, (Object[]) null);
            if (console != null) {
                method = console.getClass().getMethod("writer", (Class[]) null);
                return (PrintWriter) method.invoke(console, (Object[]) null);
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Any kind of checked exception at this point would be a programming error.
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
        return null;
    }
}


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A Scam Email with the Subject
"IMPORTANT!!"
was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on
Sat, 12 Sep 2015 15:48:01 -0700 and has been classified as a
Advance Fee Fraud/419 Scam.
The sender was
"Karunamoorthy, Vignesh" <vignesh.karunamoorthy@hp.com>,
although it may have been spoofed.

Domain Names used for collecting scam email ("Honeypot email accounts") have been obscured and replaced with the token 'HUN1P0T'

Community Action - SPAM/non-Scam Report

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Scamdex will, as soon as is practicable, take-down any emails that in our opinion should not
be in our database. Note that ALL emails in the Scamdex Scam Email Database were received as Unsolicited Commercial Email, aka UCE or
SPAM, via unpublished 'Honeypot' email addresses.

I am Sanford Gregory, the Human Resources Executive of Atlantic Oil &Gas Corporation. On the 20th of june 2010, Tom Clinton, an expatriate, who was a consultant/contractor with the Corporation, was found to have died in a plane crash along
the Lekki Peninsula while on inspection tour of offshore

oilfacilities belonging to the Corporation.As the Welfare Director of the corporation, I contacted Toms bankers and briefed them of this development. The bankers informed me that since their client is dead, it is only the next of kin to
the deceased with the proper legaldocuments that can compel them to pay his fixed deposit as an inherited estate. With the position of the financial outfit, Imandated the legal department of our firm to search for a relative of

the deceased so that he can be presented as the next of kin to the bank.

But the only relative of the deceased, one Mr. Sam Leonard who was also the next of kin to the deceased according to his bank documents and who was last known to have lived in Latvia Eastern Europe, died as cancer patient some two months
before his death. All efforts to trace other relatives of the deceased proved abortive, as all available links were exhusted. Three years after his death, with no news from any relative living anywhere and no one coming forward, we decided to

seek a foreigner so that the fund can be transferred out of its present account to yours.

The account deposit contains US$12 million United States Dollars and it is important that a probable next of kin claims this fund within the next fourteen official working days. If no one comes for the claim before the stipulated time frame,
the account would be closed as inactive and dormant and funds sent to the coffers of the government.

I seek your consent to present you as the next of kin of the deceased.This would facilitate the payment of the proceeds of the said account to you.

All I require is your honest cooperation to enable us seeing this through. I guarantee that this will be executed under a legitimate arrangement that will protect all the parties involved from any breach of the law.

Please let me know what you intend to have as your commission if you agree to embark on this venture.

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Road map to developing a fellowship program in a tertiary care hospital.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has identified the need for more subspecialists. Beginning a pediatric pulmonary fellowship program in a tertiary care hospital can be a challenging process. Persistence, perseverance, and working through barriers to education are important strides to take toward achieving this goal. We share our experience with this endeavor. The objective of this study was to describe our experience developing a pediatric pulmonary fellowship program, the challenges we faced, and the methods we used to meet and overcome those challenges. Self-reflection by the program director, associate director, and coordinator involved in the development and implementation of a successful fellowship program. This includes the step by step process, effort, and time commitment needed for planning and implementing a fellowship program. Our goals are to share this information with the medical community. RESULTS/OUTCOMES/IMPROVEMENTS: Planning, preparing, and implementing a pediatric pulmonary fellowship program can be challenging in the current economic climate, especially considering budget constraints and increasingly demanding clinical mandates. Department chairs and administrators view work relative value units as a marker for remuneration; educational efforts are more often an unfunded mandate. Major difficulties included imposing new educational expectations on the clinical staff and expanding the budget to include fellows' costs. Developing a program information form (PIF) was a work-in-progress over a two-year period with the dedicated staff meeting regularly during this time.


The 2013 White House Correspondents Dinner: A Lot of Lovely Dresses, Some Not-So-Lovely Ones… and Some Downright HORRIFYING Ones

We're not totally sure why the White House Correspondents Dinner is a star-studded red carpet event now, but here are the best (Kerry Washington), worst (Patricia Arquette), and "meh" (Chrissy Teigen) dresses of the bunch!

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