We wrote about the astonishing situation regarding the use of the Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) Go Texan mark on wine a few weeks ago. The unsettling truth is that, under current rules, the mark can be used on California wine. I wrote that this makes the mark meaningless and that Texas grape growers and winemakers would be better off if the Go Texan mark could not be put on any wine at all.

Then I had a better idea…. make Go Texan mean 100% Texas fruit. It would not only make the mark meaningful to consumers and reward Texas winemakers and growers, it would also make Texas the first and only state which had a clear, uniform way of specifying that its wines were 100% state-grown fruit. I expect the idea will be copied by other states, but let’s do it first.

I submitted a rules change to the TDA and, stop the presses, this e-mail circular just came in from them:

Dear Texas Wine Industry Supporter,

The Texas Department of Agriculture recently received a request from a member of the public to change the rule on GO TEXAN certification for wine. The proposed rule changes would require wine using the GO TEXAN mark on the label to be made from 100% Texas-grown grapes with no variance.

TDA values your opinion and would like your thoughts on the attached petition for a proposed rule change. We are certainly interested in your thoughts on the implications to marketing and production of Texas wine, but we are also collecting data on the feasibility of the proposal as well. Because of statutory deadlines, please provide the Department with your written comments by 5 p.m., Wednesday, December 4, 2013.

If you have any questions regarding this request, please contact me. Thank you for your assistance and for your support of Texas agriculture.

This means that we are at an important juncture in the growth and ongoing success of the Texas wine industry. This is a chance for the state to take a clear stand in favor of authenticity and quality on its way to becoming a fully mature wine-producing area.

Clearly from their e-mail the TDA is listening. At this point we need supporters of this change to send their comments to the TDA via Lindsay Dickens (gotexan@TexasAgriculture.gov) before the December 5th deadline. Stop and do it now! It means more demand for Texas wine. More demand for Texas grapes. More planting of wine grapes in the state, and less California bulk wine passed off on consumers who think they are buying a Texas wine.

California bulk juice shippers and their surrogates in Texas will speak up and their wishes will prevail if supporters of 100% Texas fruit in Go Texan wine don’t speak up. The result will be a smaller Texas wine industry and the Go Texan logo becoming a mark of irrelevance.

Harold: First of all, thank you for contributing and for your support. While I think the idea of a petition is a good one Crave’s resources at present are fully stretched. Also, the state expects comments to come in via e-mail to gotexan@TexasAgriculture.gov. That ensures that they are considered. As a result, we are recommending that supporters use that channel to convey their opinions.

Incidentally: You may have noticed that the e-mail address for comments changed after the above story was posted. The reason was the volume of comments received. It was overwhelming one hard-pressed official’s e-mail folder. I have been CCed on many of those comments at my Crave e-mail address (andrew@CraveDFW.com) and I have been absolutely slammed — so this thing has legs!

Congratulations on getting your petition into the TDA and some winery forwarding their email to you. As we have learned after research from wineries who have wines on the store shelves and the long label laws, it’s almost impossible to get a label changed in a timely manner if it’s not 100% Texas, so you should have stated your petition to just say don’t use Go Texan on any labels. That way in those bad years when they can’t use 100% Texas grapes, they can still use the label that has been approved.

I see this as potentially being like the VdT of Texas. It doesn’t guarantee quality but it begins to define standards for the industry that must be in place in order to support growth, improve quality and be relevant outside of our borders.

So, we a new commercial venture that has a focus on mead (fermented honey), but we’re technically a winery by federal and state licenses. Not all of honey nor all of our fruit are sourced in exclusively from Texas (some things just dont grow here), However the beverage is produced here in Texas. Should we not be able to use the GoTexan marketing resources? I know there are breweries that use the GoTexan marketing image on their labels and such, and hops and barley certainly dont grow that well down here….

Thinking about this from a couple different vantage points — for label clarity and consistency for wineries and consumers, please check this logic and accuracy — If Go Texan is approved at 100%, the end result would mean that a wine produced by a Texas winery with a legal label of at least 75% Texas grapes, and correctly identified as, say, High Plains AVA, could NOT be stamped with Go Texan unless there was documentation that the entire 100% was sourced from Texas… Is that accurate?

If so, and if the State is determined to make a change in this matter, then perhaps a 75% minimum of Go Texan, consistent with the regulations for declaring Texas Wine/Texas AVA on the label, would serve the consumer and wine industry interests and regulatory oversight/approval/paperwork filing in reasonable balance.

While I can appreciate the point of 100% purity for the state to bestow a Go Texan marketing label restricted only to 100% Texas wines, and disqualifying anything less even if the label says High Plains AVA, I’m not sure it’s absolutely necessary.

With a minimum set at 75%, any wine that is legally declared to be Texas/Texas AVA can apply for and receive Go Texan status if they so desire it, and manage their labels, regulations, and declarations consistently and efficiently.

Otherwise, if Go Texan is set with a 100% minimum, but a wine is still a legal Texas/Texas AVA wine at 75%+, then you will create consumer confusion of a different kind: Texan vs Pure Texan.

To make good on this new tiered system, the state must then spend dollars to make – and enforce, and legally defend – the further distinction that Go Texan, a quasi-nonregulated Marketing based consumer icon, means more than the legal, regulated and required Texas/Texas AVA declarations do. That is a cost and a burden the state is not built to accomplish nor actively manage, or that consumer/taxpayers should be mandated to fund.

It would be like saying that only Native Born Texans are allowed to fly the Lone Star flag. I wasn’t born here, but I got here as fast as I could, and I offend my Northeastern friends day and night with Texanifications. (And my fajitas are definitely better than yours or anyone else’s, I guarantee it! They should say “Go Laredo” on em).

In this new Pure Texan world, year in, year out, wineries must concern themselves with declaring to the state that, yes, this year the wine is not 100%, or it is 100%, and would you please give us the stamp or re-approve the same label but without the stamp and we will use it… And I just don’t see that as money well spent, or how consumers are that much better served, let alone being educated at some cost on such a distinction as compared to good old Texas AVA wines.

What I don’t want to see is the state and the wineries spending more time and resources to maintain the 100% pure Go Texan legal test file, when I think the customer will be better served, and satisfied, with Go Texan being applied with the level of consistency applied to Texas/Texas AVA wine declarations in general.

I think this definitely cures the issue you cited regarding American wines being labeled Go Texan.

Hi Miguel: Making “Go Texan” 75% Texas grapes certainly eliminates the absurd situation under present rules whereby California wines have “Go Texan” on the label. However, it robs the consumer and the winery of the ability to immediately recognize wines that are 100% Texas grapes. Most designated ares of Europe and Australia don’t have this problem — they have a way of saying that they are 100% from a certain area.

I envisage a situation where the current Federal rules that 75% of the grapes must be from the location on the label would continue to exist, and that would be alongside the “gold ring” of Go Texan — which would mean 100% Texas grapes.

Thank you Andrew. Let me follow up…
Notwithstanding the history of Bordeaux being riddled with decades of use of Tempranillo and Rhone grapes from outside their jurisdictions, or the fact that a Classified Growth Chateaux’s ability to annex a vineyard and thus elevate the once-lowly land status to Premiere Cru Classe just because of a change in title, or the fact that the price of land in Pomerol is so high that having a vineyard within the Pomerol boundary and the élevage literally across the street in a co-located facility in Lalande de Pomerol represents an egregious violation, I don’t see how European and Aussie AVA-based rules apply to this circumstance.

We are not talking here about a mandated label specific to wine, we are talking about a marketing designation that is optional, and in fact is not even unique to wine, it’s a consumer designation applied to products that have nothing whatsoever to do with wine, yet subject to verified tracking and proof, supplanting what is necessary and required for legal sale. It’s not foolproof. There will be situations where a winery states they are 100% Texan but does not bother with the state-sanctioned marketing designation because they just don’t want to deal with another level of state management, and would prefer the approach of not labeling in the off chance that the specific blend for said wine is less than Pure Texan.

There is basis in fact for a claim that enforcement costs being neutral or actually saving the state money, since the current system is wide open and the proposed system imposes requirements on the winery that not even the Federal or State alcohol labeling laws impose.

It would be a mistake to elevate a State-sanctioned, ubiquitous consumer marketing designation (which, it’s hard to believe, was ever intended to impose this sort of a purity test, nor is is staffed to do so) above the authority of the State-required legal designation. Do not impose such a requirement on the State to designate, track and enforce such a distinction.

Let the AVA elevate its own status to 100% purity based on member, consumer and legal input if that is something that is in the best interests of consumers and the industry.

H Miguel: As I said in an earlier post, the present use of Go Texan on wine is confusing and totally at odds with consumer expectations. Most consumers think that Go Texan means that it is a Texas wine. In fact, under the present rules, it means nothing of the sort. My proposal achieves two things:

First, it eliminates the confusion. Second, it makes Texas the first (of what I predict will be every serious winemaking state) to give its producers a ‘gold ring’ to declare 100% state fruit.

As I said in an earlier post, this proposal is specific to wine because wine is different from, for example, beer or coffee. Place (terroir) is a universally defining characteristic of wine. With other products either origin doesn’t matter or the product is not produced in Texas (so there is no confusion). See here:https://cravedfw.com/2013/10/27/the-unsettling-truth-about-go-texan-wine/

Enforcement is irrelevant to this rule change — it is necessary under any set of rules.

Andrew, with respect, I am trying to help here. Everyone knows what you said in an earlier post. In fact, that’s what comments are for — an opportunity for the author to learn from his audience. That’s why I wrote in the first place, because it’s a proposal that creates additional problems, and may not in the end serve customers, the industry or the state as well as another option. You are raising an issue of some importance here, but this is not a sinister plot, a betrayal of sacred trust, or even against the law. It’s a consumer mark, broadly applied, subject to misinterpretation under rules created by the state in the first place. It’s an issue that can be addressed in a manner that minimizes the potential for additional problems. Simply reposting your well documented position is not only redundant, it tells the readers that you are blind to additional options, and are unwilling or unable to consider any other solution. You did not offer a single point of acknowledgement to any of the substance of my input. If it is only “your solution” that interests you, as it appears now, there is no point in discussing this further on this forum.

PS — anyone with a serious interest in wine would not associate Terroir with a politically defined landmass the size of France. This is not about Terrior, and misusing that term here does not bolster confidence for wine advocacy.

I have been expecting one of your next articles to be an apology to Dry Comal Creek for the hatchet job you did on them on your FSITO article. Have you figured out yet that FSITO was not required on that label to get TTB approval? Assume not as you have yet to write your retraction and apology.
To the topic at hand. Your attempt here is sorely misguided for the following reason.
1. Your singling out of one industry of this program to have disparate requirements is out of place. While to try to explain this away comparing the beer industry where the brewmaster is all powerful and therefore the ingredients are not of concern contrasted with the wine industry where grapes are the only important part and the winemaker is reduced to a nuance of the process. This seems to be a simpletons understanding of wine making and the role of a winemaker.
2. The 100% requirement would create a large number of issues you don’t consider. This would include concentrates for sweetening and wines for blending. Requiring only wines from Texas to hit your standard would reduce options from the winemakers toolkit and has every chance of reducing the quality of wine produced in the state.
3. There are too many varieties that are not grown or grown in limited supply in Texas. Forcing a program that a winery is not able to promote across their product line will create confusion for their customers, be more difficult to administer and when the effort is more than the benefit, cause the program to be dropped.
4. In your petition to the TDA, you play fast and loose with the resultant impact of your proposal. Currently winery demand significantly outstrips vineyard production in good growing years. Your assertion that this change would speed up growth in vineyard plantings lacks any data to support this. If the current excess demand does not provide enough incentive to plant at a faster rate, it seems unlikely that the incremental demand from this change would affect this. A good analysis of this gap would include why planting have not been keeping up with demand vs your arm waving approach.
5. Given the significant shortage of Texas grapes (in good years), your proposed change would mean that only some of the wineries would be able to participate in this program. This doesn’t seem like something TDA would want to support or what this program was intended to use.
6. Given the much varied supply in Texas due to drought, hail, freezes, etc, etc…….having a program that comes in and out of effect will cause more confusion in the market and likely make participation of the wineries less likely. You brush off things like changing labels as a nuance. While not difficult, it does add costs especially to small wineries as they often do large runs of labels that last for more than one vintage.
7. Your understanding of supply/demand matching, macro-economics, price elasticity of the industry and consumer appears minimal. Your assertion that if it costs more the consumer will just be happy to pick up that added expense doesn’t work in most industries including the wine business.
When I started, I thought my birth certificate, the location of my winery, the taxes I pay and the employees that I hire would make me Texan enough. My goal is to be the best “Texas” winemaker I can be not the best “Texas Wine” maker. My goal is to use Texas fruit for wines I want to make, when it is available and of sufficient quality and at a competitive price. I will not limit what wines I make or the quality or style to only use Texas fruit. And that is what my customers expect.
Lastly, since you are so big on standards, I would like for you to champion one for bloggers. It should include more than having a computer, internet access and the ability to write pretty.

Stephen: Thank you for your follow up. First, let me see if I understand what you support regarding Go Texan: You support the present rule under which a wine with 0% Texas fruit can sport the Go Texan label. Is that correct?

Second. You have a popular tasting room at Saddlehorn as I understand (I have not visited personally). Have you ever conducted a survey of consumers as they come thorough your door asking them the question “If a wine has ‘Go Texan’ on the label, what percentage of the grapes do you think have to come from Texas?’

Third: If Go Texan can be applied to a 0% Texas grapes wine that arrives in a tank car and is maybe mixed with another tank car (that qualifies as ‘processing’) don’t you think that makes the Go Texan logo most useful to those who want to make wine that way (no winemaking skill required)? Does Saddlehorn want to have to compete with people like that in using the Go Texan label, or do you want it to mean something?

What I have proposed is a vast improvement on the status quo. First, 100% Texas fruit fits consumer expectations. It rewards Texas winemakers and grape growers, and it encourages indigenous growth in grape acreage. Second, it provides producers and consumers with a common, front-label symbol of 100% Texas fruit. That doesn’t exist right now but I bet you that, regardless what the TDA decides on this rule, other state will introduce it (“Pure Virginia”, “100% Arizonan”, “All Oregonian”, etc.)

A comment on Texas grape output: According to documents on the TWGGA web site, acres under vine grew at 13% per annum over several consecutive years in the late 2000s. That’s an indicator of how quickly any capacity shortfall can be made up. I think that the “not enough grapes” issue is a red herring. Some of the people I hear use it have been in business over 20 years. What have they been doing all this time that they could have planted thousands of acres of grapes? They have been using their “California crutch” — importing bulk tank car wine. Its a business model, not a bad harvest.

I genuinely appreciate you contributing and i look forward to your reply.

Andrew, I thought we were going to have a debate. Your response didn’t address really any of the issues that I raised and all you did was ask me a bunch of questions. At some point it would be great if you could get around to that. In the mean time, I will answer your questions:

1. Do I support the present rule that allows for 0% Texas fruit and still have a label? What I do support is that since TDA established the program, they get to chose the definitions for the parameters of the program. If they chose these definitions to mostly include value add content then so be it. I also expect the definition to apply generally to all participants in the program. If TDA established an in-state fruit content level for consumables, I would be ok with that as well as long as it was applied to all consumables. What I don’t support is twisted logic that singles out the wine industry to have unique requirements. Finally I don’t support 100% requirement because it doesn’t work (as mentioned, but not addressed, above).

2. Have I surveyed my customers to see what they think it means. No. That said, I would guess that beer, coffee and other consumable customers would have similar assumptions. Keep in mind that this wouldn’t be the first time a consumer misunderstood what a program was. I think a lot of consumers believe that what is written by bloggers is more than just opinion, has been fact checked and has some editorial review common with traditional reporting. I think many would be surprised (and disappointed) to find out that it is mostly just opinion stated forcefully to sound like fact. Maybe the right answer is educate the consumer that the label indicates that the business is in the state and is doing some value added transformation to the product.

3. Do I think the label is more useful to those that buy bulk? No. Your comment about bulk wine not requiring wine making skills is misinformed. Keep in mind that we do bulk wine in Texas too and have a new custom crush facility. Makes your bulk argument a little trickier going forward. Do I want to compete with these folks? I wouldn’t be much of a Texan it that bothered me would I?

4. The comment ” what I have proposed is a vast improvement” you do realize is an opinion and not a fact right? As I have stated above (and not responded to) 100% doesn’t work. I am beginning to think you are not a winemaker or a winery owner. Please let me know if I am misreading this. I’ll take the bet on other states employing a 100% requirement.

5. Acres under vine grew at 13% over several consecutive years. You go on to say “That’s an indicator of how quickly a shortfall can be made up”. You do realize that is only one side of the equation don’t you? Nowhere do you address demand increases. What if they grew at 15% per annum? Instead of fixing shortfall you would be losing ground by 2% per year. You do realize your comment of ” I believe the “not enough grapes” issue is a red herring” is just an opinion right? No data, no graph showing supply and demand and how they supply line pops above the demand line due to all the new planting? Oh yeah, and it needs to be historical………….not projected………..hard to make wine with projected grapes. One last comment on grape availability. In total we short to demand although I think there has been headway made. However, at a varietal level, there are significant shortages which you fail to consider.

Bottom line is TDA gets to and should be the ones that define the requirements. It is after all their program. It should be consistent across industries, and not purposefully misleading.

Steve: i will address all your points. First I want to check I understand what you are supporting.

Under the present 0% rule, someone can bring in two tank cars of California wine. Mix them in Texas. Sling Texas memorabilia on the label (Hill Country Artwork on the front, Hill Country poetry on the back), buy a Go Texan membership and put that on the front label as well. As a Texas winemaker, you have to compete with that. Confirm for me that that is the situation you want to continue.

Andy, again with the questions. I thought I answered this one earlier. We compete one way or another. Again I wouldn’t be much of a Texan if that bothered me. I am beginning to think that not only are you not a winemaker or a winery owner, but you don’t appear to be a Texan either.

Ok, at some point when you have a minute, and if not too much trouble, I would like to see you address some of my points. After all you are falling behind…..and I have one more point………..which makes you further behind. This one is really important and you need to really pay attention.

You mention surveying your customers and that all of the ones thought the Go Texan meant 100% fruit. Prior to winemaking, I was in a job where I learned a little about questionnaire design. One of the things I learned is that putting a questionnaire together is harder than it looks if you want good data coming out of it. It is too easy to knowingly or unknowingly steer the answer by how the question is asked. I’ll give you an example. Let’s say in my tasting room I asked my customers “How dissatisfied are you that bloggers only deal in opinion and are deceitful in their writings”. You see what I did there? I have told the person that blogs/bloggers are all opinion and deceitful. All I am asking them is how dissatisfied they are with that. Then I could say that a 100% of my customers to some level or another believe that bloggers are all opinion and deceitful. You following me here?????? If you didn’t get it the first time, reread it………I’ll wait. So this is what you did with Go Texan. I can’t tell if you did it on purpose or whether you did it accidentally. You asked the people what % of Texas fruit they thought Go Texan meant. You already told them by the way you worded your question that it had to do with fruit content……which is not the case. The right question would have been, “What do you think the Go Texan label means”.

I’ve been to Stephen’s tasting room and they were very up front about the source of their fruit. I really appreciated that. The “GoTexan” issue never came up, in fact, when I go to tasting rooms (Or businesses that sell wine) looking for the “GoTexan” label never crosses my mind. If you make good wine in Texas and I enjoy it that’s all I really care about. If you make terrible wine with Texas grapes or great wine with California grapes I’m going to buy the bottle with CA grapes to take home with me and feel great about supporting a Texan running a business in Texas.

Jim; You may be in a minority of one. Ask consumers and they overwhelmingly think that ‘Go Texan’ means 100% Texas grapes.

Hopefully, the publicity will correct some of the misapprehensions about the program but they will creep back over time. Better to eliminate the ability of the jug wine juice brokers to use it and change the 0% rule to a 100% rule).

I did not argue that the winemaker is irrelevant in the wine making process. What I said was that the origin of corn did not matter in beer making — just the type and grade. Clearly the winemaker is crucial in winemaking, but he is hugely constrained by the quality of the grapes;

2. The 100% rule would reduce options relative to the current (0%) rule. It would get rid of non-Texas wines using the Go Texan logo. That is precisely the objective.

As to quality: Go Texan would become an authenticity standard (at the moment it is a nothing standard) not a quality standard. However, once the authenticity issue had been settled in consumers’ minds (by the 100% rule) I would expect market forces to improve the quality of Go Texan wine;

3. Go Texan should not designate all or none of a winemaker’s product line. It should be on a per-wine basis. No confusion there. it is either on the label or not. Just like some of your labels have “Texas” and others don’t.

4. Under the 100% rule the number of ‘Go Texan’ bottles would indeed vary year by year. Just like the total number of Texas bottles does. Wine is an agricultural commodity and I would be suspicious of any program that tried to pin the number of bottles every year.

5. (and dealing with an assertion in your point number 4); According to data on the TWGGA web site, vine acreage grew by 13% a year over a medium-length period in the latter part of the 2000s. That indicates how quickly supply can increase — on a sustainable basis. Lets examine what that means: The effect of the 100% rule will be an increase in demand for Go Texan wines as consumers seek out 100% Texas sourced-wines. That will lead to short-term higher prices for those wines and higher prices for Texas grapes. That will lead to more grape planting and an increase in supply. That will force prices back down. The best cure for high prices is high prices. All the while that increased output means more jobs and higher incomes in the Texas wine industry.

6. See my answer to 3, above;

7. My understanding of supply and demand is backed up by a Ph.D. in economics from a major American university. Hardly anybody knows that because I don’t tout it. I mention it here only because you challenged my economic literacy (essentially calling me a near economic illiterate) and that needs to be addressed.

On using California grapes that you ship in on a reefer truck to make wine that is <> in Texas: You will find that I have said in print that that is a perfectly legitimate business model.

On standards for bloggers: I completely agree with you. Here is one that I comply with: http://foodethics.wordpress.com/. I think it is incomplete, but a start (a bit like a “75% rule”). In fact, if I didn’t comply with ethical standards why would I be spending so much time and effort proposing, explaining and defending the 100% rule? I could just sit back and take the freebies.

Thanks Andrew and Miquel for the commentary. In regards to the original post, I find the information somewhat confusing in the sense that Australia is named in the article as indicating 100% grapes are required to be from a specific region if a ‘Geographical Indication’ (Australia’s nomenclature for Appellation) is mentioned. My understanding of Australia’s Label Integrity Program – it does not require that a GI be included on the label at all. If it is included, the requirement is that 85% must be from the designated GI: http://www.wineaustralia.com/en/Production%20and%20Exporting/Labelling.aspx. Is there another designation for Australian wines that I’m not aware of? I’d be interested in finding out more if that is the case.
This is basically the same as U.S. (Federal) labeling requirements if the wine is labeled with a specifically designated American Viticulture Area (U.S.’s nomenclature for Appellation) – 85%. The exception in the U.S. is that if a political subdivision is used (State, or County) the U.S. requirement is 75%. http://www.ttb.gov/appellation/index.shtml#requirement. This requirement aligns with most new world countries producing wine. Most European (old world) countries label by place rather than grape variety which often creates a different kind confusion – Chateauneuf-du-Pape is always 100% from Chateauneuf-du-Pape, but the AOC rules currently list 18 (formerly 13) different grape varieties that are allowed to be used. That is another topic!

Stephen, his reply to you is typical blogger. Notice how when you bring up legitimate points rather than address them he complains about your user name.
Yes in his eyes coffee, beer, and on and on is somehow different. (rolling my eyes) Why this person hates the Texas wine industry so is unknown. I suspect he/she is displaying a portion of their deep seated jealousy they have of those who are willing to make the investment and take the risk of actually being in the industry.

It is not just me but several people which I will not name have the same issue Mr. Chalk. Answer the questions others have asked in fairness. Mr.Stephen Morgan deserves that much in taking the time to answer the questions you have asked. I find this forum of the likes of a stuck car trying to get out of the mud only going backward up hill right now.

So, what you are asking everyone to support is an idea, the 100% Rule, whose solution requires a government run agency and website, dependent on taxpayer and legislative funding, apparently unable to support the current mission, to implement a new crusade of questionable value, for a healthy industry that, while already under considerable regulation, is growing and adapting to the needs of the market. Got it.

Just noticed that. Thanks for the response but not all of my points were addressed.

I do have one final point/concern. You keep using Terroir as the defining aspect of wine and justification for 100% Texas fruit. By that statement you are lumping ALL of Texas into one Terroir. This makes Valley fruit the same as High Plains fruit………..as long as it is all Texas. That would be like saying all of France is one Terroir. That makes no sense.

With regards to winemakers……………..one grape source, two winemakers………….two different wines……huge impact on the outcome of the wine.

I think we are close to a point where you either need to agree that you are wrong or we will just have to agree to disagree.

Stephen: We will have to agree to disagree but perhaps you could answer one last question: I see that you have a vineyard. In your ‘business plan’ do you have a long term objective to use 100% Texas grapes or are you totally unconcerned whether you use Texas fruit or not?

And to address your point about terroir. I use it as a general term to refer to a characteristic. Not to imply that there is only one terroir in Texas. Clearly there are many (and we are still discovering more).

Since you asked, I will answer your last question: Does my business plan have a long term objective to use 100% grapes or am I totally unconcerned whether I use Texas fruit or not? First let me say you are a funny guy. Are you this black and white in all of your life. In your way of thinking are these really the only two options? Really? Well I thought I answered this earlier. My “business plan” as it pertains to sourcing is as follows: Our preference is to source Texas grapes if there is availability, quality, competitive pricing and the varietals that we want to produce. Am I willing to pay a little more for Texas fruit to promote the industry? A little more but the quality has to be there. As there are varietals that don’t do well in Texas, have limited plantings and little to no additional plantings planned, I don’t believe I will ever be 100% Texas. Am I open to trying new varietals that we think will do well in Texas and help market them through our tasting room? Sure. Will I ever not have a Cabernet Sauvignon available in our tasting room? No. Have I ever been able to source this from Texas? No. Will I? Probably not.

Final 4 thoughts:

1. While it appears that we disagree on most everything, I would still sit have a drink with you……after all that is the Texas way.
2. My examples above using bloggers were for illustrative purposes and not meant to denigrate bloggers……..at least not all of them.
3. I still think you owe Dry Comal Creek an apology.
4. In the spirit of your “policy” you should update your biography on the Crave site. Just a little hypocricy on your part……although I did like the scholarship in special ed.

“And to address your point about terroir. I use it as a general term to refer to a characteristic. Not to imply that there is only one terroir in Texas. Clearly there are many (and we are still discovering more).”

Since you are telling everyone that you use Terroir as a general term in wine, even though you know better, then you should be pleased to see Go Texan used as a general term to describe “Lone Star Pride”. Fortunately, that happens to be the specific definition of the term, nothing more. Any further definitions are inferences. So shall it be in the future, even if the definition changes to 75%. There are many ways to be Texan, and to Go Texan. Let it be. Happy Thanksgiving!


Fresh off of yet another tense negotiation session, Gavin, standing alongside his brothers Joe and George, and Sacramento mayor Kevin Johnson, announced with great pride that it finally had happened. After more than a decade of posturing, failed ballot measures, name-calling, a near relocation and harsh back-and-forth between all parties involved, the two sides, the Sacramento Kings owners and the city, had come to an agreement on financing a new downtown arena.

The emotional Gavin finally let it all out. Through a lump in his throat, he said, “It’s been a long time. 13 years, as you know.” Gavin then broke down for a moment before continuing. “I think it’s great for our community. I’m glad that it’s finally coming to an end.”

Joe shook hands with Mayor Johnson and claimed, “We’ve always said we wanted to stay in Sacramento, and now here’s our opportunity.”

Even the reserved George took a turn, stating, “I think it is a fair deal…Sometimes you have to take chances, and this one is worth taking.”

Days later, Joe, Gavin and the mayor took the floor at Power Balance Pavilion, as fans rose to their feet to salute the efforts of all involved in bringing a shiny new arena to their town. “My Hero” by the Foo Fighters was drowned out by the cheers of Kings faithful. Gavin acknowledged the crowd, throwing up his hands triumphantly.

“There’s going to be a beacon of light shining bright in 2015. A brand new arena!”

Armed with the support of the Maloofs, an agreement on the arena financing and the backing of thousands of Kings fans, Mayor Johnson proposed the deal to Sacramento City Council. It was approved 7-2, and planning for the development of the new entertainment sports complex began.

Maloofs pull an about-face

But it appears the whole thing was yet another charade. Bravo, Maloofs, for a truly Oscar-worthy performance that fooled all of Kings nation.

Suddenly, on Friday the 13th no less, the Maloof brothers traipsed into a New York hotel and claimed they never agreed to the deal as constituted. Suddenly, the deal was “insulting.” After all, it was Gavin who made it known that it took 13 years to come to a resolution. He and his brothers killed the deal in less than 13 minutes.

Those tears of joy? Phony. The on-court celebrations? Fake. The handshakes and high-fives with the mayor? Choreographed. Watching the city embrace the family again? Pure enjoyment.

The Maloofs pulled a fast one on the city of Sacramento. From the outside, it may look like a case of cold feet. But dig a little deeper. The Maloofs do not have the financial means to run an NBA team. Period. The family has hidden that fact for years, but everyone around them knows it.

Even the NBA is keen to it. That’s why commissioner David Stern was willing to front nearly all of the money for the Maloofs’ portion of the new arena costs in the form of a loan. The Maloof family was expected to contribute roughly $74 million upfront to the project. Stern offered to loan the family $67 million from the NBA and cover the remaining $7 million.

That’s right. It appears the Maloofs had next to nothing in the form of upfront costs.

But the Maloofs couldn’t have that. This NBA aid was a big monkey-wrench in their own plan to back out of the deal. So they claimed the $3.2 million in pre-development fees, which the family agreed to in Orlando, was the source of their disapproval. Yes, a $391 million deal to bring a new arena for the team they owned was being sabotaged because they didn’t want to come up with $3.2 million.

And they want to say they don’t have financial trouble.

The Maloofs' cover-up continues

The rest of Friday’s claptrap spewed by the Maloofs is merely laughable to those in Sacramento. George had the audacity to bring in a financial advisor (allegedly from Anaheim) who claimed the deal was not sound…for the city of Sacramento. A veiled attempt to transfer blame elsewhere. Well played, George. Surely Sacramentans appreciate you looking out for their best interests.

Then George continued to put his foot in his mouth, stating, “Why don’t we look at redoing Power Balance (Pavilion)? It just seems more natural. It’s less money. There’s less pressure on everybody.”

Nary a soul should believe that the Maloof family is serious about refurbishing the 24-year-old former Arco Arena. For years, while fans unwilling to pay for a new arena stood by the old Arco, the Maloofs denounced the dilapidated building. It’s the reason the city worked so hard to get a new building in place, fearing the Maloofs would take the team elsewhere. Just last year in March, Mayor Johnson, with the aid of one of Arco Arena’s original architects, again proposed remodeling Power Balance Pavilion to make it suitable for the Kings.

The Maloofs’ response? “A renovation of the existing structure is not an adequate solution.” Ah, yes, another Friday the 13th lie from the Maloof family.

Deception could run deeper

The question becomes, how deep does the deceit go? Did it truly develop over the past six weeks? Or has this been the long-running plan for the Kings owners in order to skip town? When they announced plans last year to file relocation papers for Anaheim, they probably figured that was the end of it.

What they didn’t count on was the diligent work of Mayor Johnson. For the past year, Johnson has poured thousands of hours into the arena project. With the Kings fighting for their lives in Sacramento, the mayor was the defibrillator. Lining up local business partners. Taking red-eyes to New York to speak to the NBA governing body. Securing more than $250 million WITHOUT instituting a sales tax increase. It was truly a masterful performance by the mayor, and one that the Maloofs did not expect.

Now the Maloofs must move to plan B -- alienate a fan base and continuing spewing the lies that have gotten them to this point. A few more shouldn’t hurt. The Maloofs say they are still committed to Sacramento, but at this point, why on earth would the city work with them in good faith?

Kings fans left out in the cold

The true, obvious loser in all of this is the fan base in Sacramento. Long considered one of the most passionate groups in the NBA, Kings fans embrace their team as family. Before the Maloofs took over the team, the Kings were NBA bottom-feeders, frequently placing in the bottom third of the league. Yet through the trying times, the Sacramento fans managed to build two of the five longest sellout streaks in NBA history.

The fans deserve better than the Maloofs. But can they get it? Multiple interested parties, including billionaire Ron Burkle, have expressed interest in buying the team, but the Maloofs have remained steadfast in their desire to hold on to the franchise. From the NBA side, Stern has claimed there is nothing more he can do, and forcing the team to sell to more viable owners doesn’t seem to be an option at this point.

This leaves Sacramento in a crummy, helpless position. The fans want to support the team but have no trust for the Maloofs. The fans will fight tooth-and-nail to keep them in Sacramento but continue to pray for an ownership change.

The Kings will play in Sacramento next season. Beyond that, it is anyone’s guess.

Lousy, dishonest owners reneging on deals and insulting a passionate fan base.

The NBA…it’s fan-tastic.

Image Source: Wikimedia Commons


Carlos Ghosn: Interpol issues 'red notice' for Nissan ex-boss's arrest Published duration 2 January

image copyright Reuters image caption Carlos Ghosn, pictured making a media statement in April 2019, landed in Lebanon on New Year's Eve

Lebanon has received a "red notice" from Interpol for the arrest of fugitive ex-Nissan boss Carlos Ghosn.

The request was received by Lebanon's internal security forces on Thursday and is yet to be referred to the judiciary, Reuters news agency reports.

Mr Ghosn, who was facing trial in Japan for alleged financial misconduct, arrived in Beirut on New Year's Eve.

The private jet on which he escaped reportedly landed in Istanbul first, prompting an investigation by Turkey.

According to Turkish media, seven arrests have been made in connection with the case - four pilots, a cargo company manager and two airport workers.

An Interpol "red notice" is a request to police across the world to provisionally arrest a person pending extradition, surrender or other similar legal action.

However, Lebanon has no extradition treaty with Japan.

image copyright AFP image caption Ghosn was released on bail last April and reportedly spent months planning his escape

The businessman holds French, Lebanese and Brazilian citizenship, and has made extensive investments in banking and real estate in Lebanon.

France has said it will not extradite him if he arrives in the country.

Mr Ghosn had posted 1bn yen (£6.8m; $8.9m) in bail in Japan last April, ahead of his trial. He said on his arrival in Lebanon he had "escaped injustice and political persecution".

On Thursday Mr Ghosn said media speculation that his wife had played a role in his escape was "inaccurate and false", adding: "I alone arranged for my departure."

Meanwhile, two Lebanese lawyers lodged a criminal complaint against Mr Ghosn for visiting Israel in January 2008, the National News Agency reported.

They argued he had defied a ban on nationals entering Israel, with which Lebanon is still technically at war.

It is now up to Lebanon's public prosecutor's office to decide whether to uphold the complaint.

What's the latest on the investigations?

According to Turkish media, Mr Ghosn's private jet landed at Istanbul's Ataturk airport at 05:30 (02:30 GMT) on Monday, having flown from Japan's Kansai airport in Osaka.

The Hurriyet news website quoted interior ministry officials as saying that Turkish border police had not been told Mr Ghosn was on the plane and he had not been registered as entering or leaving the country.

However, there has been no official comment on the case.

French Finance Minister Agnès Pannier-Runacher said Mr Ghosn "should not have absconded from the Japanese justice system", but added: "France never extradites its nationals."

Mr Ghosn, who was also boss of French car-maker Renault, has been under investigation in France but no charges have been laid.

Do we know any more about the escape?

Mr Ghosn had three passports - Brazilian, French and Lebanese - which had been surrendered to his legal team in Japan. The team maintains it was still in possession of them when he left.

Media reports now say he may have legally been in possession of a fourth passport to show his identity on some internal trips within Japan, but it would have been in a locked box or case, and his lawyers would have had the code.

There is no record of him using a passport to leave Japan, so investigators there believe he used illegal means.

Reuters on Thursday quoted sources close to Mr Ghosn as saying he decided to flee after finding out his trial had been delayed until April 2021.

media caption Carole Ghosn is calling for President Trump's support over her husband's legal battle

They said he was also "distressed" at being prevented from communicating with his wife, Carole, who is in Lebanon.

There are reports that Mr Ghosn left Japan by hiding in a large musical instrument case, although his wife described the reports as "fiction".

What charges does Carlos Ghosn face?

Once considered a hero in Japan for turning around Nissan, Mr Ghosn spent 108 days in custody after his arrest in Tokyo in November 2018.

Prosecutors allege that he made a multi-million-dollar payment to a Nissan distributor in Oman. Nissan, meanwhile, has filed its own criminal complaint against Mr Ghosn, accusing him of diverting money from the company for his own personal enrichment.


The central goals of scientists in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department are to research fundamental mechanisms in cells and organisms at the molecular level and to train the next generation of scientists. Read More...

The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology offers a highly collaborative research community and an excellent training environment for young scientists.

The field of biochemistry and molecular biology has been transformed in the past decade with the sequencing of the human genome and genomes of other organisms, atomic resolution structures for many important macromolecules, and technological advances that allow integration of this information to address fundamental questions about the structure and function of cells and organisms. These developments create unprecedented opportunities for scientific research and understanding of human health and disease.

Research Highlight

Mechanism of Ant1-induced human diseases unraveled by the Chen lab - July 2015

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. About 90% of the energy that cells need is produced in the form of ATP by the OXPHOS apparatus on the mitochondrial inner membrane. After it's synthesis by the F0F1 ATP-synthase, ATP is exported out of mitochondria via adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) by exchanging with the cytosolic ADP. Read more...

Using disease-associated mutations to understand the biochemical regulation of a multi-subunit histone methyltransferase complex - June 2014

Eukaryotic DNA is compacted into chromatin, which must be continually remodeled to allow for DNA processes such as transcription. The basic repeating unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, is composed of an octomer of histone proteins around which 147 base pairs of DNA is wrapped. One way chromatin remodeling is achieved is by posttransitional modification of histones. Read more...

Attack of the Killer Severer - in the Amberg Lab- May 2013

Graduate student Dimitra Aggeli, working in the Amberg lab, has discovered how to turn the small actin binding protein into an actin filament destroying machine. Building off the previous work by graduate student Mike Clark, Dimitra has been trying to understand why some of Mike's mutants are hyperactive for actin filament disassembly. Read more...

Understanding ε-mediated inhibition of bacterial F-type ATP synthase to develop drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Duncan Lab- March 2013

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an infectious pathogen that causes Pulmonary Tuberculosis and kills over one million people every year. It is also a major cause of death in HIV patients. Evolution of extreme drug-resistant strains in MTB poses a serious problem towards its treatment. As a result, there is an ongoing need to develop novel drugs that can effectively fight the resistant strains. Read more...


Amazon is said to be building home robots - uptown
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-23/amazon-is-said-to-be-working-on-another-big-bet-home-robots
======
mabbo
Never trust anonymous sources with over the top promises.

In 2010, I was an intern at Google working on a team doing the very early
prototypes of touch screen stuff for ChromeOS. I was in the room the first
time we scrolled the screen with a finger (initially, the wrong way). That
same week, a bunch of tech blogs with "insider information" announced we'd
have a consumer ChromeOS tablet by the end of the month. Spoiler: they were 8
years ahead of themselves.

~~~
akhatri_aus
Bloomberg isn't a tech blog.

------
soylentcola
As much as my inner kid (and probably outer adult) is grinning at the thought
of having a real personal house robot, the idea of it being more mobile Alexa
than Giskard takes away some of the appeal.

~~~
mfoy_
Wake up in the middle of the night with your Amazon robot standing over you,
laughing.

~~~
tonyedgecombe
I'd be more worried that my Amazon robot figured out how to order batteries,
nuts and bolts on my Amazon tablet.

------
RobertDeNiro
It's probably not top secret if its on bloomberg.

~~~
ekianjo
Yeah, you have got to love their sense of irony.

------
11thEarlOfMar
Trying to work through the algorithmic burden. Would a home robot's navigation
software be more or less complex than a self driving car? No lane markers,
stop signs/lights. Environment changes constantly with doors open/closing,
pets, humans moving around, stuff on the floor. It would be more like apples-
to-apples if we were talking about a self-driving off-road vehicle.

Not to mention, the auto is doing something useful simply by moving. Perhaps a
security robot in the home could be valuable by simply moving, but otherwise,
it needs an additional layer of application. Interacting with humans,
manipulating objects which it would have to identify, ...

~~~
mholmes680
A part of the burden of cars is the table stakes though... cars can
potentially kill people. A home robot worst-case is a potential pooptastrophe
[0] (I guess.. unless people can trip on it and fall down stairs).

[0] [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-
now/2016/08/15/po...](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-
now/2016/08/15/pooptastrophe-man-details-night-his-roomba-ran-over-dog-
poop/88667704/)

~~~
ben_w
Depends on the robot. A mere vacuum cleaner is as you describe, but a fully
general household bot could turn a gas hob on without igniting it, combine
unsafe combinations of bleach when cleaning the bathroom, fail to recognise
when food has expired before cooking it, mistake bleach for a drink when
serving dinner, mistake the owner’s fingers for carrot or a sausage when
making dinner, or lock one or more doors in an open position overnight.

------
geodel
I think it will come as RAAS or Robots As A Service. The features or
enhancements will be enabled by service provider. There will be monthly fee
plans based on how many functions calls are invoked on it.

~~~
joncrocks
Connect a robot up to Mechanical Turk and you've got a winner!

~~~
TeMPOraL
Basically, globalizing the domestic worker market. That's... both brilliant
and disturbing.

~~~
fenwick67
This has to be a Black Mirror episode

~~~
joncrocks
There was a film called 'Sleep Dealer' which dealt with the potential for
remote-controlling of robots.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_Dealer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_Dealer)

------
iandanforth
Why does the robot move around the house? Mobile robots are non-trivial. Doing
a mobile robot for an incremental publicity or novelty gain is a net-loss.
Moving robustly in a cluttered space is an unsolved problem in robotics so to
attempt it you need a really really good reason.

I think the project would be a blast to work on and I certainly think research
in this area should be supported, but I would love to know what they want to
accomplish that couldn't be done by selling 2 or 3x additional static devices
for less.

~~~
mkempe
I want a robot that travels around the house to clean up after my tornado
kids. Maybe a little bit at night, very quietly, and definitely during the
day, while they're at school.

I also would appreciate robots that empty the dishwasher; move the laundry
from the washing machine to the dryer, and then put the dry items into closets
and chests of drawers; wash windows; clean ovens and fridges; and so on.
Basically furthering domestic robots that free us from routine labor, just as
the current, limited robots have done for us (I tell my daughters the washing
machines are simple robots, and we should expect better in the near future).

~~~
photojosh
Absolutely. A clothes folding and sorting robot would be #1 in terms of time
saving, as that feels like 80% of the housework I do.

------
mrep
I think Amazon is uniquely positioned to come out with the first broadly
applicable consumer house robot. To me, I would buy one if it could move
around the house and handle some daily chores like taking the dishes/trash
out, laundry, and the always classic getting me a beer. That would require 1:
the ability to move around my house, 2 the ability to accept and interpret
commands, and 3 the ability to recognize objects visually and how to interact
with them.

Amazon has 1 partially solved with kiva, 2 with Alexa, leaving the big problem
as 3. Amazon is well aware of 3 though because that is their main problem
blocking them from automating hundreds of thousands of jobs in their
warehouses. They even hold competitions for it:
[https://www.wired.com/story/grasping-robots-compete-to-
rule-...](https://www.wired.com/story/grasping-robots-compete-to-rule-amazons-
warehouses/)

With all of that potential labor savings in solving that problem, and the
possibility of a home robot using the same technology, I doubt anyone spends
more R&D on this problem.

~~~
larkost
Kiva is not quite what you seem to think it is. Those robots navigate in
specially constructed, human-free, spaces with QR codes on the floor to keep
them positioned right. It is a highly developed system, but not one designed
for anything remotely like a human home.

And I would separate your #3 into two items: recognizing household objects (a
very significant bit of work), and then interacting with individual objects.
Single instances of each of those are tasks that whole companies are devoted
to. General-case systems are just not in the cards at this point.

------
gene-h
I'd be surprised if they didn't have some project on home robots. While I
would like to see Amazon have a program for making robots that do useful tasks
like dishes they are probably going to make something more like an echo on
wheels. The technology needed to do this is fairly mature. Robot vacuums have
been on the market for years, robot vacuums with SLAM have also been on the
market for years. They aren't perfect and can't operate in a very cluttered
room, but this is probably acceptable for an 'echo on wheels' application.

In my opinion this is a bit creepy. Now one would be putting an Amazon device
capable of sensing and actuation in their home. And not just sensing, enough
sensing to map a house and perhaps keep track of where people are. If the
robot does image recognition, so one can say hold up an empty box to buy more
on amazon, that's even creepier. As the only practical means of doing this
would be to send images to amazon's servers.

------
jacksmith21006
This is not at all surprising and been surprised we do NOT see Amazon trying
to play in the SDC space like Google is doing.

SDC - Self Driving Cars

Really SDC is much more of a software thing and surprising we have not seen
other big tech playing in the SDC space. Some rumors on Apple but not shown
anything.

------
brian_
This is just an aside but why do websites (and browsers) still auto-play video
content in this day and age? I thought we ended that disturbing trend..

------
justinclift
Wonder what they're using for the motor motion control software? eg g2core,
TinyG, GRBL, or something custom

------
txsh
Is it just an Alexa that cleans floors? I can’t imagine what other tasks this
could perform.

~~~
marban
Ordering stuff for you on Amazon.

------
wysewun
Of course they do..

------
numbsafari
Unlike the ones they've already built that mechanically turn their paychecks
into dozens of little brown boxes?


By Using 1 Teaspoon Of Baking Soda You Can Repair Your Damaged Kidney Naturally!

0Shares

The kidneys are one of the vital organs in the body. However, unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, as well as genetics can sometimes cause kidney damage. The most important thing when treating this condition is to first determine the exact cause. Patients should also learn about what conventional medical treatments involve so that they know how different the baking soda treatment is.

Food we consume must be dissolved into chemicals so that our body can make use of it. It’s the enzymes and hormones, products of the endocrine system, which are in charge of this.

Your kidneys are protected during digestion by the pancreas, which produces most of the sodium bicarbonate content in the body. However, depending on your diet, your kidneys sometimes produce more of this enzyme. For instance, if our diet is high in sugars and fat, your kidneys and pancreas can become overworked. This means they start producing less sodium bicarbonate. This in turn triggers other health issues.

The thing is sodium bicarbonate counterbalances the acids produced during digestion, so a deficiency in sodium bicarbonate in the body means the acids can’t be neutralized. This affects not just your kidney, but other organs as well. Plus, it leads to premature aging in adults.

One of the functions of your kidneys includes secretion of sodium bicarbonate, the enzyme that ensures proper kidney function. Lack of sodium in your body puts extra burden on your kidneys as they try to compensate by producing more of this enzyme. When they can’t produce enough sodium or when they fail to transfer it to the urine, the sodium ends into your blood stream changing your blood pH value. This is one of the first signs of kidney failure because damaged kidneys can’t remove the acid from the blood. When they start functioning properly again, they move the sodium into the urine, so your blood regains its normal pH value.

In a study conducted at the Royal London Hospital, the researchers tried to examine the effects of baking soda on kidney stones. In fact, the study revealed that this common kitchen ingredient is extremely beneficial for kidney health and can even slow down the progress of kidney stones. Baking soda also proved beneficial for people on dialysis as it reduced the kidney damage and the patients no longer needed dialysis.

What the researchers did was give patients on dialysis sodium bicarbonate as an addition to their treatment. The results were amazing as baking soda slowed down the kidney failure. At the end of the 2-year study only 6,5% of the participants still needed dialysis, as opposed to the 33% who needed dialysis at the start of the study.

When baking soda is administered through dialysis, it gives faster results than when consumed orally because it goes directly to the blood stream. It neutralizes the acids from the food including sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen thus preventing any damage to your kidneys.

In addition, baking soda has already been proved to help with other serious conditions including cancer. To be more specific, cancer patients can benefits a lot from this common household ingredient because it reduces the side effects from chemotherapy, as well as of chemical and toxin overdose.

– How to use sodium bicarbonate?

– Take ½ teaspoon of baking soda on the first day. Put it under your tongue to dissolve.

– Mix 1 teaspoon of soda and ½ teaspoon of table salt into 1.5l water and drink it.

Aside from the baking soda treatment, having a healthy lifestyle and eating a well-balanced diet is also important to ensure good overall health.


Q:

validar  com Javascript

Estou tentando validar um <form> com JavaScript, mas o código que criei não está fazendo nada. me parece correto.
Código HTML
<form name="ContactForm" action="addDataAdmin.php" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" autocomplete="off" onsubmit="return ValidateContactForm();">

ISBN
 <input type="text" name="ISBN">

Author's Name
 <input type="text" name="Authorsname">

Title
 <input type="text" name="Title">

Edition
 <input type="text" name="edition">

Year
 <input type="text" name="year">

Category

  <select name="category" size="1">
      <option value="computing">Computing</option>
      <option value="Romance">Romance</option>
      <option value="Fiction">Fiction</option>
      <option value="Non-Fiction">Non-Fiction</option>
  </select>

Publisher
 <input type="text" name="publisher">

Quantity-in-stock
 <input type="text" name="quantityinstock">

Price
 <input type="text" name="price">
  <input type="file" name="fileToUpload" id="fileToUpload">
  <input type="submit" value="Upload Image" name="submit" formaction="/upload.php">
  <input type="submit" value="Send" name="send">
  <input type="reset" value="Clear">
</form>

Script
function ValidateContactForm()
{
    var ISBN = document.ContactForm.ISBN;
    var Authorsname = document.ContactForm.Authorsname;
    var Title = document.ContactForm.Title;
    var edition = document.ContactForm.edition;
    var year= document.ContactForm.year;
    var category = document.ContactForm.category;
    var publisher = document.ContactForm.publisher;
    var quantityinstock= document.ContactForm.quantityinstock;
    var price = document.ContactForm.price;
}

if (ISBN.value == "")
{
    window.alert("Please enter ISBN.");
    ISBN.focus();
    return false;
}

A:

A chave que fecha a função ValidateContactForm tá no lugar errado.
Este if (ISBN.value == "") tá perdido no código, ele deveria estar dentro da função que faz a validação.
Veja funcionando (tirei boa parte do código pra facilitar a leitura).

function ValidateContactForm()
{
    var ISBN = document.ContactForm.ISBN;

    if (ISBN.value == "")
    {
        window.alert("Please enter ISBN.");
        ISBN.focus();
        return false;
    }
}
<form name="ContactForm" method="GET" onsubmit="return ValidateContactForm();">

ISBN
 <input type="text" name="ISBN">

  <input type="submit" value="Send" name="send">
</form>


William Scovell Savory

Sir William Scovell Savory, 1st Baronet,  (30 November 1826 – 4 March 1895) was a British surgeon.

He was born in London, the son of William Henry Savory, and his second wife, Mary Webb. He entered St Bartholomew's Hospital as a student in 1844, becoming M.R.C.S. in 1847, and F.R.C.S. in 1852. From 1849 to 1859 he was demonstrator of anatomy and operative surgery at St Bartholomew's, and for many years curator of the museum, where he devoted himself to pathological and physiological work. In June  1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for his papers on "the structure and connections of the valves of the human heart – On the development of striated muscular fibre in Mammalia – Phil Trans 1855 [and] on the relative temperature of arterial and venous Blood".

In 1859 he succeeded Sir James Paget as lecturer on general anatomy and physiology. In 1861 he became assistant surgeon, and in 1867 surgeon, holding the latter post till 1891; and from 1869 to 1889 he was lecturer on surgery. In the College of Surgeons he was a man of the greatest influence, and was president for four successive years, 1885–1888. As Hunterian professor of comparative anatomy and physiology (1859–1861), he lectured on General Physiology and the Physiology of Food. In 1884 he delivered the Bradshaw Lecture (on the Pathology of Cancer) and in 1887 the Hunterian oration to the Royal College of Physicians.

In 1879, at Cork, he had declared against Listerism at the meeting of the British Medical Association, the last public expression, it has been said, by a prominent surgeon against the now accepted method of modern surgery. In 1887 he became surgeon-extraordinary to Queen Victoria, and, in 1890 he was made a baronet. Savory, who was an able operator, but averse from exhibitions of brilliancy, was a powerful and authoritative man in his profession, his lucidity of expression teing almost as valuable as his great knowledge of physiology and anatomy.

He died in London in 1895 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. He had married, on 30 Nov 1854, Louisa Frances Borradaile (1821–1867); they had an only son, Sir Borradaile Savory, rector of St. Bartholomew's the Great, who succeeded him as second baronet.

References

Category:1826 births
Category:1895 deaths
Savory, William Scovell, 1st Baronet
Category:British surgeons
Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society
Category:Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery


Q:

list comprehension python with multiple variables

Hello am new to python i need to ask it is possible for someone to write this code for me in normal conversion and not using list comprehension found the code online as i dont understand the part of a[i]
a = [[1, 9, 2, 6], [5, 1, 10, 7], [9, 1, 2, 4, 5], [9, 8, 9, 8, 3], [7, 4, 5, 8, 4], [7, 3, 5, 9, 6]]

b = [a[i] for i in range(len(a)) if i%2]
print(b)

also is it possible to use list comprehension on multiple variable like the below and if so please show me thank you.
RANKS = 'A 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K'.split()
        whole_deck, SPADE,HEARTS, DIAMONDS, CLUBS = [],[],[],[],[]
        for cards in RANKS:
            HEARTS.append(cards)
            DIAMONDS.append(cards)
            CLUBS.append(cards)
            SPADE.append(cards)

A:

The following is how to deal with multiple lists in comprehension notation.
The point is to add a nested form of comprehension notation to the comprehension notation that takes out the first list.
[[y for y in x if y % 2] for x in a]
[[1, 9], [5, 1, 7], [9, 1, 5], [9, 9, 3], [7, 5], [7, 3, 5, 9]]


51 F.3d 283
NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel.UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Antonio McKINNEY, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 94-50362.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted March 21, 1995.*Decided March 27, 1995.

Before:  SNEED, POOLE, and BRUNETTI, Circuit Judges.

1
MEMORANDUM**

2
Antonio McKinney appeals his sentence of 101 months imposed following remand by this court.  He contends that by sentencing him at the top of the guideline range, the district court improperly penalized him for standing trial.  We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1291, and we affirm.

3
McKinney was convicted, following a jury trial, for conspiracy, armed bank robbery, and using a firearm during a crime of violence.  The district court sentenced him at the low end of his guideline range to concurrent terms of 46 months imprisonment on Counts 1 and 2, and a consecutive 60-month term on the firearm count.  We affirmed McKinney's conviction, but vacated his sentence and remanded for the district court to award a reduction in his offense level for acceptance of responsibility.  United States v. McKinney, 15 F.3d 849 (9th Cir.1994).  On remand, the district court made a three-level downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility and sentenced McKinney at the high end of his new guideline range to 41 months imprisonment on Counts 1 and 2.

4
McKinney contends that at resentencing the district court penalized him for not pleading guilty.  This contention lacks merit.

5
We have jurisdiction to consider whether McKinney's sentence was imposed in violation of law.  See United States v. Kohl, 972 F.2d 294, 299 (9th Cir.1992) (no authority to review sentence within guideline range unless it was imposed in violation of law).

6
"Whether harsher sentences were imposed as a punishment for a defendant's assertion of his right to trial is a mixed question of law and fact which we review de novo."  United States v. Morris, 827 F.2d 1348, 1352 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1017 (1988).

7
When plea negotiations have failed, the imposition of a longer term after a not guilty plea does not, without more, invalidate the sentence.  Id.  "However, where the court has 'taken a hand in' or 'was involved in' plea bargaining, or where the record contains statements that give rise to an inference of vindictive sentencing, we require that the record affirmatively show that 'no improper weight was given the failure to plead guilty.' "   Id. (quoting United States v. Carter, 804 F.2d 508, 514 (9th Cir.1986));  see also McKinney, 15 F.3d at 852 (defendant not required to plead guilty to receive acceptance of responsibility reduction).

8
Similarly, unless circumstances indicate a reasonable likelihood that the imposition of a higher term after remand from an appellate court was vindictive, the defendant must prove actual vindictiveness.  Alabama v. Smith, 490 U.S. 794, 799 (1989);  cf. id. at 802 (citing North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 726 (1969)) (vindictiveness presumed where roughly the same sentencing information is available on remand).

9
Here, the district court imposed a shorter sentence on remand.  Moreover, the circumstances do not otherwise indicate a reasonable likelihood that the court was vindictive.  McKinney attempted to plead guilty to Counts 2 and 3 immediately before trial, but the district court would not let him.  Accordingly, in McKinney's prior appeal, we held that "this is one of the unusual cases in which a defendant is entitled to an acceptance of responsibility reduction despite having pleaded not guilty."  McKinney, 15 F.3d at 852.  McKinney relies on the fact that at the sentencing hearing on remand, the district court questioned our finding that he would have pleaded guilty had there been an opportunity to do so.  The district court, however, stated that it sentenced McKinney at the top of the guideline range "in light of the offense."   Under these circumstances, a presumption of vindictiveness is not warranted, and McKinney has not established actual vindictiveness.  See Smith, 490 U.S. at 799;  Morris, 827 F.2d at 1352;  see also Taylor v. Kincheloe, 920 F.2d 599, 608 (9th Cir.1990) (court may consider nature of offense in making sentencing decisions).

10
AFFIRMED.

*
 The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument.  Fed.R.App.P. 34(a);  9th Cir.R. 34-4

**
 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir.R. 36-3


This week the U.S. Supreme Court opened a new term, for the first time in Barack Obama’s presidency without a new Justice joining the high court. Also this week, two of the Justices testified before Congress in an historic hearing on the role of judges under the U.S. Constitution. A new national conversation about the third branch and the Constitution is gaining the attention of more Americans every day, and it’s one all of us should join.

History shows that nearly every major political issue ends up in the courts. Our nation’s federal courts are where social security appeals are heard, employment cases decided, immigration issues settled, and where Americans vindicate their most cherished Constitutional rights. This year is no different.

This Supreme Court term, lasting through June 2012, promises to be a significant one, with decisions affecting every American. The cases the court will decide this term alone highlight what’s really at stake for all Americans, far beyond any single election or individual term in office.

Consider these important questions the Court is poised to decide: the constitutionality of the Obama Administration’s landmark health care reform legislation; the constitutionality of warrantless surveillance of Americans using GPS tracking devices; the constitutionality of Arizona’s controversial racial profiling immigration law; questions relating to the Family and Medical Leave Act; the constitutionality of religious organizations discriminating in hiring decisions; constitutional questions about the reliability of eyewitness testimony in criminal cases (a key issue in the recent Georgia execution of Troy Davis).

This is a veritable hit parade of issues progressives, independents—indeed all Americans—care deeply about.

Until recently, the courts were generally friendly to progressive public policies. Indeed the federal courts helped to enable the social and economic progress that has made our country stronger and more inclusive over time. Courts were able to do so by adhering to the text and history of the U.S. Constitution and its amendments, and applying the Constitution’s core principles and values to questions of the day.

Conservatives, unhappy with idea that the Constitution guarantees more opportunity all our citizens instead of just for the already privileged few, have in recent years mounted a concerted political effort to remake the federal judiciary in their image: to be more activist and more closely aligned with their political views. Americans used to be able to sleep at night knowing the federal courts were good guardians of our most cherished constitutional principles. Now, the rights many Americans take for granted, like equal access at the voting booth and the ability to challenge discrimination at work, increasingly find a hostile and activist audience in the nation’s courts.

But progressives have a chance to turn the tide. Today, there are a record number of vacancies in our federal courtrooms, as a new Center for American Progress study released this week shows. Unprecedented obstruction by conservative U.S. Senators has led to an abysmal rate of judicial confirmations. This has left a level of empty judgeships not seen at any time under any president in U.S. history. Fully two thirds of the country is living in a jurisdiction without enough judges for the cases that are piling up. It means less access to justice and longer delays in court for the American worker and small business owner.

It doesn’t have to be this way. Progressives need to work together to support making our judiciary more progressive—and to support the confirmation of President Obama’s nominees. It’s time for the judiciary to be a priority for progressives.

The judges progressives want on the bench are judges for all Americans—judges who follow the text and history of the Constitution and apply it faithfully to the questions before them. At a time when the Tea Party is cherry-picking select provisions of the Constitution and discarding others to win short-term political arguments, we need the federal judiciary to be a strong guardian of all of our Constitution’s provisions and amendments for the long-term. With increasingly conservative state legislatures rolling back gains progressives have championed for decades, we need our courts to protect our Constitutional values from the political winds of the moment. These values—liberty, freedom, equality—have driven America’s progress since its founding, and are what make America exceptional around the world today.

Our courts matter for all Americans. And who is on the courts should matter to anyone who cares about the Constitution and the opportunities and protections it promises. It’s time for progressives to unite and support getting more progressive judges on the federal bench. Nothing less than the long term health of our democracy depends on it.


require "uri"
{% unless flag?(:win32) %}
  require "./http/client"
  require "./http/server"
  require "./http/log"
{% end %}
require "./http/common"

# The HTTP module contains `HTTP::Client`, `HTTP::Server` and `HTTP::WebSocket` implementations.
module HTTP
end


“Lenovo Fingerprint Manager Pro … contains a hard-coded password” - taspeotis
https://support.lenovo.com/au/en/product_security/len-15999
======
qubex
Stuff like this just boggles the mind. It's difficult to even think of it in
terms of “plausible deniability”. It's either software engineering of the most
starkly incompetent kind, product management of the most starkly incompetent
kind, or exfiltration mechanism implementation of the most starkly incompetent
kind (or some starkly incompetent combination of the three).

------
tinus_hn
This story has been submitted a few times this week with different URLs, for
instance:

[https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2018/01/lenov...](https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2018/01/lenovo-fixes-hard-coded-password-and-weak-crypto-in-
fingerprint-manager/)


We've got everything you need to keep your garden picture perfect all year through, from hand tools to mowers and everything in between - Don't miss out on our last minute reduced to clear items, it's not too late!

Looking for inspiration for your home? We've got a huge range of home accessories to really add that wow factor...Illuminate your home in style with our new lighting ranges full of great value lamps and pendants

Vanish White Gold Stain Remover 1.4kg

You can get your whites up to three shades whiter, and it's also safe to use colours.

Vanish Oxi Action Gold fabric stain remover powder is a powerful and super fast- acting way to keep your clothes and other fabrics smelling fresh and looking super clean. Vanish Gold is a super-boosted version of the standard Vanish Oxi Action formula, made to attack all types of stubborn stains - from the ones you can clearly see to the tougher ones that may be hidden deep in the fabric, providing amazing results in as little as 30 seconds. The formula is equally as effective on both coloured and white garments, you can rest assured your family's laundry is exceptionally clean and stain free every time!

From banishing marks from beetroot and red wine, to dissipating deep-down dried on grass, mud and blood stains, Vanish Oxi Action Gold is so easy to use. A versatile fabric stain remover, use it to pre-treat, wash and soak your fabrics. To pre-treat, mix a quarter scoop of powder with a 3 quarter scoop of water and apply to the stain for up to 5 minutes before washing as normal. Alternatively, pop it in your main washing machine drawer alongside your normal detergent - adding 1 scoop for tough stains and just half a scoop for normal stains. You can also use this stain remover to soak fabrics for a really intensive clean: fully dissolve 1 scoop in 4 litres of warm water (maximum 40°C) before soaking coloured fabrics for up to an hour, or whites for up to 6 hours.

Do not use on wool, silk or leather. Do not use on finished or coated surfaces - for example wood and metal.

Warning:Always follow the usage instructions. Harmful if swallowed and irritating to skin. Keep out of reach of children and keep away from eyes.

Customer Reviews

Help & Advice

You can get your whites up to three shades whiter, and it's also safe to use colours.

Vanish Oxi Action Gold fabric stain remover powder is a powerful and super fast- acting way to keep your clothes and other fabrics smelling fresh and looking super clean. Vanish Gold is a super-boosted version of the standard Vanish Oxi Action formula, made to attack all types of stubborn stains - from the ones you can clearly see to the tougher ones that may be hidden deep in the fabric, providing amazing results in as little as 30 seconds. The formula is equally as effective on both coloured and white garments, you can rest assured your family's laundry is exceptionally clean and stain free every time!

From banishing marks from beetroot and red wine, to dissipating deep-down dried on grass, mud and blood stains, Vanish Oxi Action Gold is so easy to use. A versatile fabric stain remover, use it to pre-treat, wash and soak your fabrics. To pre-treat, mix a quarter scoop of powder with a 3 quarter scoop of water and apply to the stain for up to 5 minutes before washing as normal. Alternatively, pop it in your main washing machine drawer alongside your normal detergent - adding 1 scoop for tough stains and just half a scoop for normal stains. You can also use this stain remover to soak fabrics for a really intensive clean: fully dissolve 1 scoop in 4 litres of warm water (maximum 40°C) before soaking coloured fabrics for up to an hour, or whites for up to 6 hours.

Do not use on wool, silk or leather. Do not use on finished or coated surfaces - for example wood and metal.

Warning:Always follow the usage instructions. Harmful if swallowed and irritating to skin. Keep out of reach of children and keep away from eyes.

Please choose a variant of the product(s) you are adding to the basket

Add this product

Add all products

Please add at least one product

Low Stock

In stock and ready to ship

Out of Stock

Sorry, we can't add that many Vanish White Gold Stain Remover 1.4kg to your order as we only currently have 10 available right now. Should you need to order a larger quantity, please contact our customer care team on 08000 329 329


Extended Features
=================

While continuing with the library example, we add some more features as we go.

------------------
Field Descriptions
------------------

Sometimes, you want to guide the user a bit more and be more descriptive than
just a label on the details and editpage of an entity. To do so, you can set a
description per field. In this case, the author of a book is more informative:

.. code-block:: yaml

    library:
        label: Library
        table: library
        pageSize: 5
        fields:
            name:
                type: text
                label: Name
    book:
        label: Book
        table: book
        listFields: [id, created_at, updated_at, author, title]
        filter: [author, title]
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
                description: The Author of the Book
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages

----------------------------
Displayed Fields in the List
----------------------------

As an addition, we only want to show the author and title in the big list
view of the books. We can do it by using the listFields entry:

.. code-block:: yaml

    library:
        label: Library
        table: library
        fields:
            name:
                type: text
                label: Name
    book:
        label: Book
        table: book
        listFields: [id, created_at, updated_at, author, title]
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages

It is a simple list referencing the fields. Note the usage of the internal
fields "id", "created_at" and "update_at". "version" is not yet used and
every row where "deleted_at" is not null is marked as deleted, so this field
would make no sense to display.

----------
Pagination
----------

Per default, 25 entities are listed per page on the list view. You can change
this number by setting the **pageSize** parameter like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

    library:
        label: Library
        table: library
        pageSize: 5
        fields:
            name:
                type: text
                label: Name
    book:
        label: Book
        table: book
        listFields: [id, created_at, updated_at, author, title]
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages

Only strings and integers are boring, so in the next chapter, all possible
data types are presented.

-------
Filters
-------

Currently, the listview contains all entries on the pages. Often, it is desirable to filter it in order to search for specific entries. The fields to be allowed to filter on can be easily added with a filter array just like the listFields. This is how the books view could be filtered by author and title:

.. code-block:: yaml

    library:
        label: Library
        table: library
        pageSize: 5
        fields:
            name:
                type: text
                label: Name
    book:
        label: Book
        table: book
        listFields: [id, created_at, updated_at, author, title]
        filter: [author, title]
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages

----
I18n
----

Here are some features around the i18n support.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Set the Translations of Entity- and Field-Labels
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can translate the labels of the entities and their fields using some special
label keys: *label_(locale)* with *(locale)* being your desired locale. Example
for **de**:

.. code-block:: yaml

    book:
        label: Book
        label_de: Buch
        table: book
        listFields: [id, created_at, updated_at, author, title]
        filter: [author, title]
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
                label_de: Autor
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
                label_de: Titel
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages
                label_de: Seiten

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Switch off I18n Management
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Per default, CRUDlex manages i18n for you. But this might be not desired in
bigger projects, so you can disable it on registration like this:

.. code-block:: php

    $app->register(new CRUDlex\ServiceProvider(), array(
        'crud.file' => __DIR__ . '<yourCrud.yml>',
        'crud.datafactory' => $dataFactory,
        'crud.manageI18n' => false
    ));

--------------------------
Initial Sorting Parameters
--------------------------

Initially, when you visit the list page of an entity, the view is sorted ascending
by created_at. There might be cases, where you want to change that.

For this, two parameters can be set on entity level:

* **initialSortField:** Sets the field the data is sort by
* **initialSortAscending:** If set to true, the initial sort order is ascending,
  if set to false, the initial sort order is descending

Here is an example where the books are sorted by their author in an descending
order:

.. code-block:: yaml

    book:
        label: Book
        table: book
        filter: [author, title]
        initialSortField: author
        initialSortAscending: false
        fields:
            author:
                type: text
                label: Author
            title:
                type: text
                label: Title
            pages:
                type: integer
                label: Pages

---------------------------------------------------------------
Using UUIDs as Primary Key Instead of an Auto Incremented Value
---------------------------------------------------------------

CRUDMySQLData offers an option to use UUIDs as primary key instead of an auto
incremented value.

First, you have to create your id field as varchar(36):

.. code-block:: sql

    `id` varchar(36) NOT NULL

And then you have to activate it in the setup when creating the
CRUDDataFactoryInterface:

.. code-block:: php

    $dataFactory = new CRUDlex\MySQLDataFactory($app['db'], true);

---------------------------------------------------
Using an own Implementation of the EntityDefinition
---------------------------------------------------

There might be the case where you want to use an own implementation derived from the EntityDefinition. In this case,
you can hand in an own implementation of the EntityDefinitionFactory like this:

.. code-block:: php

    $entityDefinitionFactory = new MyOwnEntityDefinitionFactory();
    $app->register(new CRUDlex\ServiceProvider(), array(
        'crud.entitydefinitionfactory' => $entityDefinitionFactory
    ));

------------------------------------------
Prefilled Form Fields on the Creation Page
------------------------------------------

You can set some initial values when you link the creation page from somewhere
else by handing in the appropriate GET parameter. Example for the author of a
book: .../book/create?author=MyAuthor

-----------------------------
Combine with the Web Profiler
-----------------------------

If you want to use the package "silex/web-profiler", you have to register the
TranslationServiceProvider on your own first:

.. code-block:: php

    $app->register(new \Silex\Provider\TranslationServiceProvider(), array(
        'locale_fallbacks' => array('en'),
    ));


Sergio Sgro, owner of Di Vino Wholesalers in Richmond, showed off some of the company's imports at Corner Wines on Euclid Avenue. One of its noteworthy selections is Veglio Michelino e Figlio, which contains fewer headache-inducing histamines and ingredients. Lexington Herald-Leader

Sergio Sgro, owner of Di Vino Wholesalers in Richmond, showed off some of the company's imports at Corner Wines on Euclid Avenue. One of its noteworthy selections is Veglio Michelino e Figlio, which contains fewer headache-inducing histamines and ingredients. Lexington Herald-Leader

Lexington wholesaler helps bring a non-migraine red wine to Kentucky

Veglio Michelino e Figlio, a red wine from Italy, promises a dinner party without the prospect of a migraine the next day.

The wine, which is sold in the United States through Richmond distributor Di Vino Wholesalers, was vetted by the Norway-based MigrainePolice.com as unlikely to cause headaches in the vast majority of migraine sufferers. MigrainePolice.com used a grant from the Norwegian government to find a winery to develop a wine with far fewer headache-inducing histamines and other ingredients.

They found the vineyard in Piedmont, Italy. Veglio Michelino e Figlio is available now at Liquor Barn and Kroger Wine and Spirits stores; in January, it will be on shelves across Kentucky.

Never miss a local story.

Sign up today for a free 30 day free trial of unlimited digital access.

"It turned into a passion," Sergio Sgro said. "We specialize in small, family-owned wineries out of Italy. We have relationships with each and every brand we have. It's not just, 'Here is a bottle of wine;' it's a livelihood."

The Sgros work with small Italian vineyards to bring in about 40 wines, including Veglio's Moscato d'Asti, which sells particularly well at Liquor Barn, Sergio Sgro said.

"Another one taking off is a real fun wine, Cantine Francesco Montagna's Sangue di Giuda. It's a sweet, red fizzy wine. It literally translates to 'Blood of Judas,'" Sgro said. (It's a little unclear where the name comes from; Sgro said the winery attributes it to an Italian legend that Judas became a winemaker for penance.)

"The other very popular wines are our signature wines — 'The Stick' wines — Italo Cescon," Sgro said. Each bottle is tied with a small stick, a piece of the tralcetto or prunings off the grape vines, so buyers can find the right bottles.

"I call it the 'total package wine.' I can sell you something that looks good, but if the juice inside isn't good, you won't buy it again," Sgro said. "This juice is good. The packaging is old-world beautiful. And the pricing is perfect."

Gary Dornberg, owner of Corner Wine on Euclid, said customers have had a Cescon at a party and have come in asking for the wine with the stick.

"We'll sell over 100 cases a year of 'The Stick," Dornberg said. "It sells itself, really. This one brings them back."

That's a far cry from the early days.

When Sgro started his business in 2007, Monty's Spirits in Richmond let him set up his first tasting.

"I had no idea what I was doing," Sgro said. "I would say, 'Would you like to taste some wine?' and they would say 'No.' Or 'I don't drink wine.' I said to my wife, 'We're going to have to sell this one bottle at a time.'"

So they did.

"I would follow people around the store and make them taste it," Sgro said.

But it paid off. "Once they taste, it's OK," Sgro said.

Now his wholesale business is growing, expanding the lineup of Italian offerings to include espresso, pasta, olive oil and Italian condiments.

"When I got here, I thought there wasn't that much Italian going on here. Everyone always wants the authentic experience," Sgro said. "When you get to the fundamental Italian meal, it isn't as complex as we have made it here. It's much more natural."