Mirror Merseyside correspondent David Maddock on what the Blues' players and fans can expect from the former Liverpool manager

Ask any of his former players what Rafa Benitez brings to management, and universally they will offer an answer that provides insight into his appointment by Chelsea.

The Spanish coach is a bit of a Marmite figure among his ex-charges, they either love him or hate him.

But whichever side they are on, not one has anything but praise for his meticulous planning and preparation.

Under Roberto Di Matteo, Chelsea have looked a side lacking direction at times, their new inventiveness through the likes of Eden Hazard and Oscar too often undermined recently by a corresponding lack of discipline.

Conversely, few managers can match Benitez when it comes to tactical acumen, or strategic thinking.

With him, it is guaranteed that players will know their roles precisely - even if they don’t always enjoy them.

It is a theme touched upon by every single star who has ever been coached by the Spaniard - and one explained by Martin Skrtel, who was signed by Benitez for Liverpool, on Wednesday.

“I know him and how he likes to operate, and he likes to work on a tactical plan of games,” Skrtel explained, after hearing that his former coach could soon be back in the Premier League after two years in the football wilderness.

“He will definitely try to bring his tactical ideas to their game and I think that will be the main thing he will try to implement.”

John Powell

Mint tactics: Skrtel knows all about playing the Benitez way

For Benitez, the team always comes first.

Most specifically, how that team functions, tactically, to gain subtle advantage in areas of the pitch where games can be won and lost.

He critics suggest he enjoyed some outrageous fortune in the finals of the two trophies he won at Anfield.

But those same critics forget the tactical masterstrokes he delivered in beating Juventus in the quarter-finals and Chelsea the semis of the 2005 Champions League, and Chelsea again in the semi-final of the 2006 FA Cup.

Clearly, Roman Abramovich possesses a better memory than those conveniently forgetful critics as, facing a season of chaos with the lack of direction so evident within his team, the Russian billionaire has chosen to go with an almost obsessive organiser.

Lucky or good? Benitez's European Cup triumph was a mix of both

Perhaps significantly, Fernando Torres has been one of the most vocal recently in talking up Benitez’s strengths, and most notably how the coach got the best out of him.

“He is the only coach who knew how to help me improve,” the Chelsea striker has said.

Yet, ever the pragmatist, Blues fans shouldn’t get carried away with the idea their new coach will transform Torres, as he is equally as likely to decide he needs to buy a new striker who can work better with his three-headed creative force of Hazard, Oscar and Juan Mata.

Until the New Year though, expect Torres, as the only striking option, to be better accommodated, but Benitez knows his owner would prefer to see the creativity retained in the longer term, and he will have no sentiment in choosing the best option to bring that out... even if it means ditching a former favourite.

Clive Rose

Still the man: Torres will start for Benitez's Chelsea - until January anyway

One thing is guaranteed though - there will be no repeat of the defensive shambles that typified Chelsea in Turin on Tuesday.

Which is bad news for David Luiz.

Benitez will not tolerate a defender so lacking in discipline, and it will be a surprise to see the Brazilian given a shirt.

Instead, expect another signing in the heart of the defence, and a stifling organisation at the back that will make Chelsea supremely hard to score against once more.

It may not win him friends among a skeptical Stamford Bridge fan base, but as many players will testify, Benitez knows popularity contests don’t win honours, tough decisions do.


Q:

Ruby module/enum retrieves odd values

Trying to build an enum for ruby so I can retrieve int values for the corresponding enum value.
My module looks like:
module DataType
  STRING  = 1,
  NUMBER  = 2,
  BOOLEAN = 3,
  OBJECT  = 4,
  DATA    = 5,
  FILE    = 6,
  DATE    = 7,
  ARRAY   = 8
end

If I call this with any value other than String,
DataType::Number

It returns
 2... 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

But if I call
DataType::String

It returns
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

How and why is DataType::String returning an array of all the enum values?

A:

You declare constant by comma:
module DataType
  STRING  = 1,
  NUMBER  = 2,
  ...........
end

DataType::Number second position in module and return value from second position, you need this instead:
module DataType
  STRING  = 1
  NUMBER  = 2
  BOOLEAN = 3
  ..........
end

Now DataType::Number return 2. and return all:
=> DataType.constants.map { |x| Hash[x, DataType.const_get(x)] }
=> [{:STRING=>1}, {:NUMBER=>2}, {:BOOLEAN=>3}, {:OBJECT=>4}, {:DATA=>5}, {:FILE=>6}, {:DATE=>7}, {:ARRAY=>8}]

For help Module#constants and Module#const_get.


Our Initiatives

We are actively reviewing pre-clinical programs that could be appropriate for GBA mutation carriers.

The Silverstein Foundation has funded the following research:

A grant was made to the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research which will be directed specifically to GBA-related research. (March, 2017)

A grant was made to the Parkinson’s Institute and Clinical Center in San Francisco to allow Executive Director, Dr. Carrolee Barlow and her team to complete a study of the clinical manifestations of genetic (GBA, LRRK2, etc.) as compared to sporadic Parkinsons, specifically as it relates to neurons in the GI tract. Studying people who have a genetic form of Parkinson’s will allow scientists to determine if the same mechanism that is believed to cause sporadic Parkinson’s (which includes ~90% of people with the disease) also causes Parkinson’s in people with GBA mutations. It is widely believed that targeting alpha-synuclein (the suspect in sporadic Parkinson’s) will also be helpful in people with GBA-related Parkinson’s. However, it remains to be proven that this is the case. There are several potential therapies that might be useful for stopping Parkinson’s in people with GBA and other genetic mutations that do not directly target alpha-synuclein. Data from this study can be used by pharmaceutical companies in collaboration with Dr. Barlow’s team and the FDA to design and quickly advance pivotal clinical studies with disease-modifying therapies for people with GBA mutations. (March 2017)

A grant was made to a private biotechnology company developing novel therapeutics in GBA PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

A grant was made to Columbia University which will be directed specifically to GBA-related research.

A grant was made to Columbia University which will be directed specifically to GBA-focused bioinformatics.


"(birds twittering)" "(ROCK 'N' ROLL SONG playing)" "(BUZZlNG)" "They yank me out of the biggest jamboree of the year and right in the middle of the night..." "How am I going to teach responsibility to the Young Bisons if I'm not even there?" "MURDOCK:" "And don't think that they can't track me down." "And if they track me down, that means they can track you down, and if they track you down, whose cover is blown, then, huh?" "Murdock, General, Carla." "Excuse me, ladies, I must go." "Lauren, why don't you give your swimming suit to Carla?" "All right, ladies, we will see you next Friday." "This obviously explains the huge tabs you've been running up all around town." "$25,000 in just the last few weeks." "Yeah, well, I never could say no to a bargain." "Especially when Uncle Sam is picking up the tab." "What is this doing here, Mr. Santana?" "Those are expensive surveillance cameras." "Chalk up another $5,000." "I don't know why you bother, Stockwell." "We said we'd go on the missions, we gave you our word." "The honor system seems to work with my troops, General." "This house of cards couldn't keep us for five minutes." "Check your security." "Where are Able Six and Able Seven?" "Unable." "This way." "hannibal:" "Here are your boys, General." "They decided to sit this dance out." "Spoilsport." "Shall we adjourn?" "(GUN firing)" "(birds twittering)" "I don't get it." "How could a two-bit dictator like Alexander Martien dare to take three US citizens prisoner?" "Well, apparently their boat, The Lucy, strayed into San Marcos' territorial waters while on a cruise." "And for this they need our services?" "President Martien would like to turn this minor infraction into an international incident." "DlSHPAN:" "Man, isn't that the way?" "No respect for power." "MURDOCK:" "Hey, isn't that Ted Burke?" "The rich guy who owned all the movie studios?" "And advertising agencies and race horses and..." "CARLA:" "He and two other men," "Rick Balcolm and Dan Sellers, are now Martien's political prisoners." "Obviously, this administration can't be involved with another Grenada." "The United States cannot attack that little island." "So if we go in, we're on our own." "Oh, I love that." "I love it, I love it." "Well, certainly we will not abandon you, at least not for 24 hours." "That's very considerate." "As Americans, you can expect to be shot on sight if you're discovered." "How do they feel about Puerto Ricans?" "And black people?" "I'll arrange for a submarine to drop you at San Marcos." "It will rendezvous with you in exactly 24 hours." "If you're not there to meet it, you and the mission will be abandoned." "Well, we'll need a bazooka, automatic weapons, some fire grenades, some stun grenades." "Unfortunately, we cannot provide you with US military equipment." "If it were left behind..." "Then they would know the US government was involved." "Yes, spook 101." "We do have a few pieces of Korean equipment, which I think is in working order." "No way, General." "I mean, we don't go in without good equipment." "Hey, man, B.A. Baracus don't fight with no toys." "We've got some of our own we can use." "Okay, guys." "Don't tell us you're going to get sick now?" "How'd you guess?" "Because your skin pigmentation is the color of a ficus bush." "Take deep breaths, Frank." "No can do, Johnny." "Frankie Santana don't ride the waves no more." "From now on we fly or we drive." "(COUGHS) Hey, man." "If it's a choice between flying or taking a boat, we're going to take a boat." "Well, I'll take that choppy boat ride over some smooth flight any day." "Frankman is one flexible dude, okay?" "Murdock, keep track of the hours till rendezvous." "You got it." "All right, let's go!" "Prison's north of here." "Colonel, Colonel, my Bison training tells me that this is fungi Musci moss here, which means north is that way." "I'm sorry, Murdock, but the compass says north is that way." "B.A., take rear guard." "(BELLS TOLLlNG)" "(MEN speaking spanish)" "(soldiers speaking spanish)" "We are searching for the rebel Juan Alvarez." "We have information that he is from this village." "Expose him as the traitor that he is and no harm will befall you or your children." "Where is Juan Alvarez?" "Search everywhere." "(soldiers speaking spanish)" "(GLASS shattering)" "(whispering) Are we just going to stand here and watch?" "B.A., we've got 21 hours to accomplish our mission and make that rendezvous." "We haven't got time for cleanup detail." "You do not fear me, huh?" "Perhaps you are a rebel, huh?" "(LAUGHS)" "Take her." "No!" "bonita:" "No!" "No!" "Stop it!" "No!" "Stop it!" "Now, that guy's really out of line." "bonita:" "Give my brother." "DlSHPAN:" "Leave her alone!" "(speaking spanish)" "You want someone to take back, take me." "I am her brother." "(DlSHPAN groaning)" "(exclaims)" "(laughing)" "(speaking spanish)" "We'll be back." "Well, you have to admit he earned his Bison badge for bravery on that one." "Well, he certainly didn't earn it for being smart." "You guys watch behind us." "B.A., come with me." "chihuahua:" "Is Maria going to die?" "No, but she's real sick." "Bonita, all of you live here alone?" "Where are your parents?" "They gone." "Soldiers take them away, long time ago." "Why?" "What did they do?" "Nothing, they were honest people." "President Martien takes many people." "Most we never see again." "How does this guy get away with this stuff?" "Bonita, the prison." "Can you show us a good way to get there?" "I can." "I know this island up and down." "Hannibal, Maria's fever is getting higher." "I don't think she should be alone." "Well, I can stay." "No, you've got to look at that prison real close." "B.A., here." "Give her these." "Stay a little while." "We're at 0800 hours, Hannibal." "Got it." "So how much time does that mean we have?" "Twenty hours." "I thought you were in the paratroopers." "hannibal:" "Seven guards in a watchtower, four on each wall, all with automatic weapons, an M60 at the gate with two ammo-handlers and a gallows." "Well, at least we know we're in the right place." "Yeah." "I like it." "It's going to be a piece of cake." "(LEAVES rustling)" "Colonel, the other side of the prison is identical to this one, except that there is wild foliage growing up the north wall." "They got enough searchlights to hold a premiere at the Chinese theater." "How're we doing for time, Murdock?" "We're at about 1030 hours, Colonel." "That means we got until 1300 to get somebody inside that prison." "That'll give us till 1500 to find Burke and spring him." "Wait a minute, so that leaves how much time to get to the sub?" "We'll have four hours to get to the beachhead and then another hour to row out to the rendezvous point about 1900 hours." "Colonel, that leaves us a cushion of less than one hour." "That's not much, but it'll have to do." "Now, why can't we just say, you know, like, 8:05, like normal people?" "Like 2:30." "Hey, here comes Martien in a Rolls-Royce with some guy in a Russian uniform." "Take a look at that." "Russians?" "That must have slipped Stockwell's mind." "Wait until you see the rest of our island." "The resources, the natural harbors..." "I think you will be more than enthusiastic." "Uh-oh." "Something's happening." "(GUNS firing)" "Get them!" "Get them, and bring them to me!" "(MEN speaking spanish)" "Let's get out of here." "(speaking spanish)" "What is your name?" "Answer me!" "We will find out what we want to know." "Not from this one!" "To come this close, this man has lost his fear of me." "Am I right?" "You have no fear." "Hmm?" "You are willing to die in silence for your cause?" "Leave, and tell your rebel brothers that at least I respect their bravery." "(GUN cocking)" "(GUN fires)" "(speaking spanish)" "That's the guy who started the all fireworks." "(GUNS COCKlNG)" "These must be his friends." "I tell you, guys, we're only here on a rescue mission." "If you are not working for Martien, why did you attempt to pursue us?" "Things were a little confusing back there." "I mean, it wasn't exactly the kind of situation where you trust the first person you run into." "ALVAREZ:" "I say the risk is too great." "I say we get rid of them now!" "Now, that would be a big mistake." "(machine GUN firing)" "B.A.:" "Yeah, a big mistake." "It's B.A." "(LAUGHS)" "This changes nothing." "My men can still cut you down." "I'd think twice before I did that." "B.A.'s got a short temper." "Mr. Good Guy." "You tell them." "You tell them, Chihuahua." "These are my friends." "They help Maria." "They gave us food." "When the soldiers tried to take me away, this man risked his life to save me." "Please, listen to them." "You may call me Tomas Jefferson." "That seems appropriate." "I am the leader of the revolutionary forces." "This is my Capitan, Senor Alvarez." "Martien has three U.S. citizens in his prison." "We're going to get them out." "Nothing can interfere with the revolution." "No offense, but from what I've seen, this isn't much of a revolution." "Hey, man, you're fighting hit-and-run with rocks and sticks." "That ain't no way to fight a war." "We will endure as we always have." "In five years of fighting, Martien has failed to destroy us." "Or you've made no progress against him." "It does depend on how you look at it." "We do not need outside help." "The revolution is a battle for the people of San Marcos." "You know, that Russian who was getting the grand tour, isn't here to buy a condo." "You can never stop the will of the people." "If Martien is snuggling up to the those guys you can kiss this revolution goodbye." "STOCKWELL:" "The Russians will not affect your mission, Colonel." "There was no need to tell you about them." "Well, the people down here are pretty upset about it." "Now, It may take us an extra day." "Colonel, you are to get the men out of prison and meet the sub on schedule." "You are to have no contact with the civilians or the government of San Marcos." "Now, do it my way." "Is that understood?" "You were breaking up pretty bad there, General." "(voice breaking UP) Sir, I don't read you, but I'll talk to you later." "You're in a defensive posture." "What you need are a couple of decisive victories." "As you can see, we are hardly equipped to attack Martien's forces directly." "That's a bad attitude." "We're going to have to work on that." "Make sure you tie that hitch real tight, so we can keep the tension." "A half hitch in time saves nine." "It is very kind of you, Frankie, and your friends to do so much for us." "You are very special." "Yeah, well, when you've been doing this kind of stuff as long as I have, it sort of becomes second nature, know what I mean?" "I only hope I can express my gratitude." "Oh, we'll think of something." "All set, Face." "Couldn't you have found me something in eelskin?" "Okay, you've got five grenades, the best M14 we've got," "50 rounds of ammunition, a synchronized watch, and this." "What's that?" "This is a second-degree Woodfox badge." "Now, normally there is a requirement of a five-mile walk but I think I can swing it with the board." "Now, don't say anything." "Let's just share the moment." "What you..." "Share it!" "Your man Santana could pass, but the others would be spotted instantly." "That's true, but Face has got to have a back-up." "Very well, two of our men will go with Face and Senor Santana." "We're fighting a revolution here." "We cannot sacrifice two of our men for their mission." "If they destroy the weapons, they are doing us quite a favor, Juan." "I will go." "Oh, no, no, no." "Forget that." "I'm not even crazy about me going." "Frankie, this is my country, I believe in the revolution, and I will fight with the others for that belief." "Okay." "Bueno." "Bonita will go." "Juan, you will go as well." "I will not be lead by foreigners." "Fine, you lead." "That guy sure seems to be carrying a grudge." "The man Martien murdered today was Alvarez's brother." "(DONKEY BRAYlNG)" "Juan." "(speaking spanish)" "(speaking spanish)" "(BOTH grunting)" "(ALL speaking spanish)" "(GLASS shattering)" "(soldier shouting)" "(rifles COCKlNG)" "It's inexcusable." "The weapons I gave you in good faith are destroyed by guerillas, which you have said don't exist." "Comrade Kerensky, as I have told you this is the work of a small group of malcontents." "They only got as close as they did through the negligence of soldiers." "The same soldiers, who allowed the attack on your motorcar." "I will be blunt." "I am here for the boat." "I don't care whether you have an insurgency or a group of malcontents, but if you need more troops, I can..." "No!" "We do not need foreign intervention!" "We have a deal." "The MiGs for the boat." "And let me remind you, Comrade, the U.S.S.R. is not the only customer I can deal with." "Do not underestimate the President." "He does not make threats lightly." "He will have what he wants on his terms only." "And you seem to be much more rational, more aware of the world arena." "Perhaps I was bargaining with the wrong man." "You could be very powerful, Commandant." "And you, Comrade, could be shot." "Mission accomplished, Johnny." "Scratch one weapons deal." "But there is bad news." "Your man has been captured and beaten." "Martien has him in his custody." "Martien has him just where we want him." "(FACE groaning)" "Take it easy." "I got a tennis elbow, all right?" "Do you mind?" "(speaking spanish)" "Come on, at least give me back my watch, huh?" "You're lucky he let you keep your shirt." "Burke, Balcolm and Sellers, right?" "Guilty." "Who are you?" "Well, my name is Templeton Peck and believe it or not, I am here to rescue you." "Ah!" "You did?" "Yeah, well, I know, it's not, it's not quite the same as the cavalry coming over the ridge, is it?" "Then you're from the company?" "Company?" "Its okay, Peck, it's okay." "The cell isn't bugged, we checked." "Yeah, and besides, if you think Martien doesn't know already that we're with American intelligence, well, you've got a lot of surprises in store for you." "Oh, no, no, no." "Don't tell me." "You guys are American intelligence agents?" "That's right." "Well, that explains why Kerensky is here, doesn't it?" "Anatoly Kerensky is here?" "Yeah." "Damn it, he's here to get the boat." "The boat you guys were captured on?" "I thought Martien blew that up." "No, no." "We were gonna scuttle it ourselves but we didn't have enough time." "His gunboats got to us too quick." "And Mr. Peck, that boat is just jam-packed with top-secret, submarine detection gear," "I mean, enough to just blow the entire ocean grid network." "And Kerensky is the Soviets' top troubleshooter." "If he gets his hands on that boat..." "We gotta get out of here." "Well, in two-and-a-half hours, we'll be on a submarine headed for the Mayport Naval Air Station." "So, well, we can worry about your boat then, okay?" "Right now... (shuffling)" "It's time for my daily walk around the grounds, isn't that right, guys?" "How do you like the watch?" "(speaking spanish)" "Radio Faceman is on the air." "It's a pretty snappy tune, too." "Yeah." "Right on time." "How is it coming, B.A.?" "Right on schedule, Hannibal." "Good." "When we get to the prison, we can triangulate and pinpoint Face's exact location." "Amazing, the way your men work together." "You caught us on a good day." "All right, now, B.A., you got the walls, Frankie's got the rockets." "Murdock and I will hit the gate and try to cover the guards on the watchtowers." "It's gonna be tight." "My men and I will attack the gate." "Brief me on your plan." "Now, that's a welcome change." "You've helped us when you didn't need to and your men have risked their lives for our cause." "Now I wanna help you." "Besides, I can think of nothing that would humiliate Martien more than an escape from his impenetrable prison." "I want our revolution to be a part of that." "This could get interesting." "Goodbye, Mr. Frankie." "So long, champ." "Now, I don't want to hear it, Bonita, okay?" "We figure the old Presidente might try to get the jump on us, so it's off to the high country for you." "I am not afraid of him." "Tell me about it." "You know, to tell you the truth, when Hannibal asked me to come on this mission," "I was a little unsure." "Not scared, mind you, just thoughtful." "But you, you just jump right in there." "I've never met a girl like you." "When you think of our people who have been imprisoned or killed, it was a small thing." "Still, the old Frankman was impressed." "For five years now, this war has gone on and our people have hidden in the brush." "But now everything is so big." "Well, look." "Martien's on the defensive." "The A-Team is here." "What dictator wouldn't quake at that thought, huh?" "You make light of everything." "But I can tell." "I can read your soul, Frankie." "You are scared." "My father gave me this." "It is for good luck." "I will probably never see you again and I want you to have it." "You will probably need it more than I will." "Look, Bonita..." "Just go." "I will be back." "I promise." "Come on, move it, man." "Hannibal said we got three hours to finish our work and get back to the sub." "Yeah." "Right." "(GROANS)" "You do have a choice, you know." "You can talk to me, tell me what I want to know and live, or you can persist at being stubborn, in which case I will kill you." "And I guarantee, it will take hours for you to die." "You have been on him for some time, Commandant, and yet, nothing." "(gasping)" "(GROANS)" "Listen, young man, your life is over, do you understand?" "Everything you and your spies have attempted has failed." "Now, I am the master here." "This is my country and you live or die at my whim." "Take him back to his cell." "Not a word of this American agent to Kerensky." "Oh, no, no, no, no." "Not the boots again." "Okay, okay, okay." "(gasping)" "(BEEPlNG)" "How does it look, B.A.?" "Looks good, Hannibal." "FACE:" "Oh, no." "What's the matter, what's going on?" "Well, a major part of our escape plan has just gone into the toilet." "Got it." "Stand by." "Colonel Smith, the Russian is leaving." "Let him go, Alvarez." "Stick to plan." "As you say." "Hey, compadre." "Hey, could you tell me what time it is?" "(speaking spanish)" "(GUNS firing)" "They're attacking here!" "(explosions)" "(GUNS firing)" "Oh, I was beginning to wonder." "Have I ever let you down?" "Ted Burke." "Thanks a lot, Colonel." "Man, did you ever see such a thing of beauty?" "Perfect trajectory." "Up and over." "Colonel, we don't hit that beachhead in 15 minutes, you better break out the water wings." "Let's go." "I will have those spies back." "I don't care how long it takes." "I don't care how many people die." "I will have them back!" "(WOMAN EXCLAlMlNG)" "Mr. Good Guy!" "I saw you land." "I knew you'd come back here." "Chihuahua, you can't come with us." "El Presidente, he go crazy." "He took people away." "He say if he not get his prisoners back, he start killing them every hour." "What about Bonita?" "Soldiers take her and Senor Jefferson." "We need your help." "So what do you say, Mr. Good Guy?" "Hold on, Smith." "As much as we'd like to, we can't get involved in a civil war." "Okay, Burke, grab the boat and get it to the sub." "If we're not out in three hours, call an air strike and split." "Yes, sir." "Let's go, guys." "Remember that sound, Jefferson." "Next time that door drops, you won't be hearing it." "Perhaps." "No one's coming to your rescue, Jefferson." "Your American friends have abandoned you." "And your pathetic little rebellion will die with you at the end of that rope." "MARTlEN:" "My people, I have asked you all here to witness the termination of a vicious plot, a plot to take San Marcos away from me!" "Us." "The seeds of discontent..." "I'd dry that tear for you, but it would be out of character." "Senor Smith?" "Don't look." "MARTlEN:...of our Caribbean homeland." "Is that you?" "You don't think I'd let that slime ball really hang you, do you?" "MARTlEN:...of the United States that have poisoned certain segments of our sovereign nation." "God bless you." "MARTlEN:...on the threshold of destiny." "The elimination of these traitors is one more triumphant battle won for the freedom of Third World nations." "Tomas Jefferson, Bonita Gallegos" "Alberto Musalen and Roberto Ribas, once good people, have been infected with the disease of dissent." "For that they must die." "Those imperialists from across the ocean who will look upon San Marcos with greedy eyes should take note." "Do not underestimate the will and determination of our military forces." "We have come a long way." "The people of San Marcos have been forced to labor tirelessly to bring our country..." "This is gonna be for you, Bonita." "MARTlEN:" "The gem of our efforts is soon to be mined and polished to glitter in the rays of the sun." "(GRUNTlNG)" "(laughing)" "MARTlEN:" "How many more?" "How many innocents will die because of..." "Hey, Santana, you done here yet?" "B.A., genius and artistry cannot be rushed." "Hey, man, if you don't hurry up, those people are gonna die." "Like I said, nothing here that can't pass for perfection." "So what's going on?" "Didn't you find the boat?" "Martien got the boat in the building out back." "So what's the problem?" "Now all we gotta do is wait for our boy Murdock to come through with his part." "That's the thing that worries me." "(speaking spanish)" "A new triumphant battle won for the freedom of Third World nations." "It is a new beginning of dawn of the long hard night of the longest day." "Executioner, do your duty." "I don't believe this." "hannibal:" "Anytime, Murdock." "We're cutting it a little close." "Come on, Murdock." "I love the smell of revolution in the morning." "It smells like Hush Puppies!" "(screaming)" "What is going on?" "(revolution 1 playing)" "(GUNS firing)" "I love this stuff." "My palace." "They're attacking my palace!" "How could you let them get away?" "After them!" "This is Bison Leader to the combined military forces of Presidente Martien offering you a rare opportunity to lay down your weapons and join the Bison Troops of San Marcos." "It's the big maintenance building out back." "Get it, crazy fool!" "Okay." "I gotta tell you, from up here the local flora and fauna is quite remarkable." "Murdock." "My boat." "They're going for the boat!" "No!" "Martien, I've been saving this little puppy just for you." "This is for all the rotten things you ever did to Bonita and her people." "I call it "The Frankie Flip."" "I love it when a plan comes together." "(whooping)" "Regardless of me, you should come to the States, Bonita." "I mean, I'm not in a very stable position right now, but I will be." "You should see Hollywood." "It's like a multi-billion-dollar playground." "And New York, you'd love that." "Frankie, I have seen San Marcos die and be reborn again." "There is so much to be done and I want to be a part of it." "But I will never forget you." "Don't lose this, okay?" "I may be selfish, but I don't want you to forget me, either." "I do not know if we'll ever be able to tell you how much you've done for our people." "It may seem like the hard part is over, but I have a feeling that our challenge is just beginning." "Thank you." "Colonel, what do you suppose Stockwell's gonna say about us knocking this country sideways?" "I don't know, but I'm gonna enjoy it." "(chickens clucking)" "Hey, Hannibal, the sub is on the way." "Murdock, what?" "What, what?" "(stammering) What?" "What are you looking at?" "I..." "For outstanding dedication to the Bison code of bravery, you are now a Baying Wolf, First Degree." "I'm a..." "I'm a Baying Wolf." "I've always suspected it." "(BOTH howling)" "I can't believe this is the second time he pulled me away from my Bison troops." "I mean, how are they gonna learn anything?" "(BUZZlNG)"


https://ilwaz.wordpress.com for the current status on my planned scans and translations. Message me for larger or unedited versions of my scans.

Want these or others in English? Please contribute to or accept my bounties: https://e-hentai.org/bounty.php?u=840438. You can also just send me scripts for trap / futa works and I’ll probably edit and typeset them (though I’m super behind right now). I can’t translate from Japanese myself, so it’d be a great help.


Q:

I'd like to know, what columns have been REALLY changed

I have an after trigger implemented in SQLCLR assembly. Within it I'd like to know, what columns have been really updated (and their values have been changed).
Unfortunately, SqlContext.TriggerContext.IsUpdatedColumn returns true, even when a column value is still the same. I guess, it's just because an SQL query, prepared by a not-very-smart server application, rewrites all columns, even if some of them have not been changed by user.
The second problem is some of the columns have ntext type, so I cannot even SELECT them from INSERTED pseudo table (MS SQL Server doesn't allow SELECT fields which have ntext type from INSERTED). That's why now I SELECT changed rows with the following query:
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[MyTable] WHERE [id] IN (SELECT [id] FROM INSERTED)

What should I do to get to know, what columns are not just updated, but changed?
Now I have a simple idea: create another trigger, BEFORE, and save updated rows from within. Then, when AFTER trigger is being executed, compare column values. Is this idea the best thing I can do? If so, what is the best place to keep the changed rows between BEFORE and AFTER triggers? A temporary table will be dropped before the AFTER trigger is executed, since I close context connection (maybe, just don't close?).

A:

OK, now I've solved the problem.
First of all, I've created a full copy of source table (data + structure):
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'copyTable')
SELECT * INTO copyTable FROM MyTable

Then, I'm comparing the source table with its copy at the beginning of my trigger:
SELECT A.* FROM MyTable A, copyTable B WHERE
    A.id IN (SELECT [id] FROM INSERTED) AND
    A.id = B.id AND
    A.{0} <> B.{0}

Replace {0} with a column you require. This column is exactly the column you have to know, is it updated or not. In my case, it is being defined dynamically, but you can count statically all columns you need.
Et voila - you've selected just the rows that are really changed.
Finally, at the end of the trigger, don't forget to update copyTable with the new values:
UPDATE copyTable SET
    id = s.id,
    col1 = s.col1,
    ... all columns you'd like to control ...
FROM MyTable s WHERE
    s.id IN (SELECT [id] FROM INSERTED) AND
    copyTable.id = s.id

Maybe, there is a better solution, but this works too as well.
Regards,


Apartments Headed to Palms-Culver City Border

Low-rise building would rise between Washington and Venice Boulevards.

California Landmark Group (CLG), a Los Angeles-based real estate developer, is planning a new residential complex along the border between the Palms neighborhood and Culver City.

The project, known as the Dunn Apartments, would replace an approximately half-acre parking lot at 3838 Dunn Drive. The proposed building would rise seven stories, featuring 79 market rate apartments, seven units of affordable housing and a partially below-grade garage. Proposed amenities include a fitness center, a community room and a nearly 2,000-square-foot roof deck.

According to a representative from CLG, the Dunn Apartments are being designed by Rios Clementi Hale Studios, a locally-based firm with an extensive portfolio of multi-family residential developments. An artistic rendering of the project portrays a primarily white and grey building, featuring yellow accents and a green wall to mask its at-grade parking level.

As of this past May, CLG is seeking approval from the Department of Building and Safety to demolish the existing parking lot and begin shoring for the new apartment building. However, an exact timeline for the project is currently unknown.

The Dunn Apartments would be located immediately north of NMS@Culver City, a large mixed-use development currently under construction at the intersection of Washington Boulevard and Hughes Avenue.


INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============

Depression has a complex etiology and often results from a combination of multiple factors. The syndromal depression is linked to physical changes in the brain and to an imbalance of neurotransmitters that carries signals in brain and nerves. Some of the more common factors involved in triggering depression are: Family history, which includes genetics, trauma and stress, which includes financial problems, breaks in relationships or the death of a loved one and other life-changing events such as starting a new job, graduating from school or getting married. Further, pessimistic personality traits like low self-esteem and a negative outlook lead to higher risk of becoming depressed. Sometimes serious medical conditions like heart disease, cancer, and HIV can play a significant role in causing depression.\[[@CIT1]--[@CIT4]\] However, there are very limited studies interlinking consanguinity and depression. Consanguinity of marriages is prevalent in some communities in the Indian population, especially in south India. It is estimated that, at the national level prevalence of cousin marriages is 14%, the overall figure conceals the regional and religious differences. For example, in Tamil Nadu 47 percent of marriages were consanguineous compared to 25 percent in Maharashtra and less than 10 percent in northern and eastern India.\[[@CIT5]\] Bittles *et al*, in a large scale study in two cities in Karnataka, reported the prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Bangalore and Mysore to be 37% and 31% respectively.\[[@CIT6]\] Studies have shown that the consanguinity of marriages is associated with many diseases related to birth malformations due to expression of recessive defects.\[[@CIT7]--[@CIT15]\] The genetics of depression is still not understood.\[[@CIT16]--[@CIT18]\] The clinical observations indicated that the depression is very high in some communities where the consanguinity of marriages is also high.\[[@CIT19]\] However, it is still a debatable topic. In this study, we present evidence showing the association of depression with consanguineous marriages, which suggests that recessive genetic factors influence depression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS {#sec1-2}
=====================

The study was planned with a case--control design. Proven depression cases based on DSM IV TR\[[@CIT20]\] criteria were selected from the out patient department of JSS medical college, Mysore and Vinayaka Nursing Home, Mandya during 2006-2008 after obtaining the appropriate consent. The controls were selected from consented patients from the departments of Surgery, Emergency and Orthopedics of JSS medical college, Mysore. The subjects for the study were in the age group 20-70 years of both sexes. The information on age, sex, educational status, community and consanguinity of marriages was obtained from each subject and included in the study. Univariate analysis was carried out with consanguinity and other factors to study the association. Also estimated the odds ratios for factors, which had association with depression. The bivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to study the independent association of consanguinity of marriage with depression.

RESULTS {#sec1-3}
=======

The mean age of subjects included in the study was 39.04 (standard deviation 16.93), the mean age of cases was 33.64 and controls was 45.51. The females constituted 36.5 percent with 37.1 percent in controls compared to 43.9 in cases. The data indicated that the consanguinity was found to be associated with the depression. The odds ratio was 5.66 with confidence interval 2.42-13.54 \[[Table 1](#T0001){ref-type="table"}\]. It was observed that in younger age groups, the OR was 6.43 compared to persons above age 50 years. The females had higher risk of depression compared to males (OR 2.34). The univariate analysis with other factors with depression indicated that age and sex were associated with depression. The educational status and community had no association with consanguinity \[[Table 2](#T0002){ref-type="table"}\].

######

The Odds ratio with confidence interval of consanguinity marriage with depression

  Consanguinity↓   Depression   Control     Total         Odds ratio
  ---------------- ------------ ----------- ------------- -------------------
  No               64 (40.4)    74 (53.0)   138 (100.0)   1.00
  Yes              44 (83.0)    9 (17.0)    53 (100/0)    5.66 (2.42-13.54)
  Total            180 (56.5)   83 (43.5)   191 (100/0)

Number in parenthesis represents percentages (*P*\<.05)

######

The Odds ratio with confidence interval of socio demographic factors with depression

  Factors   Classification                                 Case   Controls   *P* value   Odds ratio
  --------- ----------------------------- ---------------- ------ ---------- ----------- -------------------
  1\.       Sex                           Males            59     62         *P*\<0.05   1.00
                                          Females          49     22                     2.34 (1.21-4.55)
  2\.       Age distribution (In years)   50               14     36         *P*\<0.05   1.00
                                          40-49            22     16                     3.54 (1.33-9.57)
                                          30-39            30     12                     6.43 (2.37-17.88)
                                          20-29            32     16                     5.14 (2.00-13.43)
                                          \< 20            10     4                      6.43 (6.50-29.74)
  3\.       Education                     Not literate     37     37         *P*\>0.05
                                          Primary School   5      9
                                          Middle School    16     15
                                          High School      27     16
                                          PUC/ diploma     14     6
                                          Graduate         9      2
  4         Community                     Gowda            53     35         *P*\>0.05
                                          Lingayat         15     18
                                          Others           40     31

The multivariate analysis with bivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to study the independent association of consanguinity of marriages with depression after removing the effect of age and sex. It was observed that the odds ratio of consanguinity was. 7.32 (3.93-19.45). The classificatory analysis indicated that with the three variables, it is possible to classify correctly 69.1 percent of subjects \[[Table 3](#T0003){ref-type="table"}\]. The consanguity marriage alone could classify 61.9% correctly \[[Table 4](#T0004){ref-type="table"}\].

######

Classification of subjects with bivariate regression analysis of consanguinity of marriage, age and sex with depression

  Observed/↓ Predicted→   Yes   No   Percentage with correct
  ----------------------- ----- ---- -------------------------
  Yes                     85    23   78.7
  No                      36    47   56.5
  Over all percentage                69.1

######

Classification of subjects with bivariate regression analysis of consanguinity of marriage with depression

  Observed/↓ Predicted→   Yes   No   Percentage with correct
  ----------------------- ----- ---- -------------------------
  Yes                     44    64   40.7
  No                      9     74   89.2
  Over all percentage                61.9

DISCUSSION {#sec1-4}
==========

Depression is a serious medical condition that leads to social problems as well as loss of productivity. It is generally under-diagnosed and leads to severe suffering among the subjects. The findings in this study suggest that the consanguinity of marriage has higher risk associated with depression. This is a pilot study that needs to be confirmed and extended but this investigation provided lead data on the positive relationship between consanguinity and depression. We further extending the study to further test this hypothesis with a larger sample after excluding other known factors related to depression. The high levels of depression in consanguineous marriages may be genetically driven. If so, the identification of recessive mediators of depression can lead to a number of useful mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. This type of recessive gene analysis is generally difficult even with twin studies, as twins generally share traits, but they are not necessarily a product of homozygosis due to marriages between relatives. Alternatively, the social structure that leads to consanguinity can create a number of situations that lead to depression. In either event, the understanding of the higher risk of depression in consanguineous marriages can help in the prevention of or management of this serious condition.

We acknowledge the help and the consultation with Dr. Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Pittsburgh, USA and Dr. Smita Deshpande, New Delhi during the study and in preparation of this manuscript.

**Source of Support:** Nil

**Conflict of Interest:** None declared


Q:

\hslash with other letter

I would like to know how to make a character like \hslash, but with a 'd' instead of an 'h'.
I know that \hbar is defined using \mathchar'26, might there be a similar character for the slash in \hslash?

A:

The \hslash symbol is a unique glyph. Here's an emulation of it obtained by scaling, rotating and raising a minus sign:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb,graphicx}
\newcommand{\hslashslash}{%
  \raisebox{.9ex}{%
    \scalebox{.7}{%
      \rotatebox[origin=c]{18}{$-$}%
    }%
  }%
}
\newcommand{\dslash}{%
  {%
   \vphantom{d}%
   \ooalign{\kern.05em\smash{\hslashslash}\hidewidth\cr$d$\cr}%
   \kern.05em
  }%
}
\begin{document}
$\hslash\ne\dslash^2$
\end{document}


Hispanic children with special health care needs from Spanish-language households.
We examined the specific health care needs of Hispanic children with special health care needs (CSHCN) from Spanish-language households, and we compared the needs for children in this group to those for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white CSHCN from English-language households. We estimated the prevalence of parent-reported health care needs, health conditions, and functional characteristics by using data from the 2001 and 2005-2006 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. We used bivariate and multivariate methods to describe the relationship between ethnicity, language, and the demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of CSHCN. Between 2001 and 2005-2006, the prevalence of special health care needs increased significantly among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children from English-language households but not among Hispanic children from Spanish-language households. In 2005-2006, Hispanic children from Spanish-language households were only one-third as likely as other children to be identified as CSHCN. Relative to both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white CSHCN from English-language households, Hispanic CSHCN from Spanish-language households had a higher prevalence of several developmentally related conditions and of functional difficulties related to gross and fine motor coordination, self-care, speech, and communication but had a lower prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Lower use of prescription medications was significantly associated with Hispanic ethnicity (regardless of household language) even after we controlled for demographic and socioeconomic differences. Hispanic CSHCN from Spanish-language households are distinct from other CSHCN, and stratifying the Hispanic population by using primary household language can reveal important differences in the health and functioning characteristics of Hispanic CSHCN.


American Journal January 27, 2013

Do you know that I have never heard an Infantryman (suppose we may soon be calling them Infantrypersons) complain about their branch being called The Queen of Battle. One of the first marching cadences an Army recruit in training learns is, “Pick up your rifle and follow me. Queen of Battle Infantry.” Queen of Battle may be politically incorrect these days. I do not know. Actually, it is hard to know anything these days. I stand back and observe. Those serving have a lot to deal with. They do not require my help.

America, the largely uninformed America most of whom have never and will never serve in the Armed Forces, is standing by while the organization to which belong the only humans in the world, who have willingly placed their lives on the line to protect the freedom of their countrymen, is being decimated. Decimated by social engineering. Decimated by their civilian leadership that wants to build a model of their utopia inside the services. Because they can. Complicit in this decimation is a collection of head nodding flag officers. The flag officers in disagreement with the direction of our Armed Services are being shown the door. Warrior Generals are being replaced by politically oriented Generals. The people who always pay the price for inept political and military leadership are the Soldiers on the ground.

I was an Army Drill Sergeant for 3 years starting in 1980. The Soldiers I was charged to train, if they remained in the service, have already retired. By now, they may have children serving. We had a fairly significant social engineering project during that time. It was Gender-Integrated Basic Combat Training. No matter what you hear or will hear in the coming days, I can tell you from being there – it was an abject failure then. We tried integrating basic training companies by having male and female platoons. We could not stress male trainees without risking injury to female trainees. I believe we invented the female pelvic stress fracture – caused by females over striding to keep pace with males during the daily road marches. When injuries increased, we placed female platoons in the lead to pace the road marches. We lessened the injuries for females, but we also failed to stress the males. After a few cycles of this experiment, wise leaders returned to segregated companies. All male or all female. Training improved and Drill Sergeants did not have to spend their nights rooting the boys and girls out of the stair wells and other places doing what is natural for teenagers. Discipline also improved. However, some geniuses who had never strapped on a pair of combat boots decided that integrated was best. So to make it work, we gender-normed the fitness standards. Meaning simply that men and women had to complete the same training, but to different standards. For example, a male may not get out of basic training unless he could do 40 pushups, but a female might get by with 10. If you ask any Drill Sergeant today, he or she will tell you how great it is going in integrated training companies. Because they have to. I will stand by for the first reports from gender-integrated (and future gender-normed) One Station Infantry training. And I fully expect that they will be publicly glowing as well.

With homosexuals, it was preached to us about how it was all about service and not having to live a life in secrecy. No, it was about normalizing homosexual behavior. Army Chapels are holding same sex weddings. It was never about service. Those who wanted to serve were already serving. Now, it is the same song. This is about women having the opportunity to reach the highest levels of the service, normally achieved by experienced and accomplished Combat Arms Officers.

My stand is simple. Any woman who wants to be in the Combat Arms should be allowed to try. But, she should meet the same physical standards as do males in the Combat Arms. It will not happen however. We will have a gender-normed Queen of Battle. And our combat effectiveness will suffer.

A thought for you to ponder. GI Jane was a movie as are many other fantasies where 130 pound women beat the snot out of 200 pound men. A 200 pound male Soldier in full combat load will top out at 250 pounds plus maybe as much as 275. The combat load does not get lighter just because you are female. No one is going to carry her stuff. A 200 pound Soldier has the upper body strength to drag a wounded comrade to safety. If his buddy is a female, both may die because she does not have the strength to complete a critical task.

General Dempsey thinks the only issue for the “young ladies” is their privacy, “and we can work that out.” That should be a recruiting poster.

Related

Post navigation

2 thoughts on “American Journal January 27, 2013”

JD, great post. Glad I am retired and not having to deal with the same-sex issues and now this. Although I was not combat arms (supply sergeant), I was in some combat units. After division left Fort Riley, our FA battalion was left with one female. The HHB 1SG came and told us he faced his biggest test of his career. How to properly perform a urinalysis on his one female soldier. We thought it was humorous then. Not so much now.

A little late, but well said Sergeant Major. Would like to have been a fly on the wall of the NCO club then, but perhaps the clubs were all combined by then. (was going to say integrated, but that would have been miscontrued by a PC person.)


The Commonwealth of Dominica (not to be confused with the Dominican Republic) is an English speaking country in the Eastern Caribbean. Dominica was named after its sighting on a Sunday by Christopher Columbus when he sailed past the island in 1493. Dominica is a ruggedly beautiful mountainous country with a population of approximately 72,000 inhabitants. Dominica is a Republic which is a member of the Commonwealth. It enjoys Westminster style parliamentary democracy and being unspoiled the sobriquet “the Nature Island of the Caribbean”.

The island, 289 square miles (748.51 square kilometres), is situated at the northern end of the Windward chain of the Lesser Antilles, lying between the two French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe (one hour by boat to either island) and is readily accessible from Antigua, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Lucia and San Juan.

More information on:• Country profile• Geography• Population• Government

As at 4:30 pm yesterday September 24, 2017, DOMLEC was 500ft from PMH. DOMLEC expects to connect PMH by tomorrow Tuesday September 26, 2017. Simultaineously work is ongoing to restore electricity to the Portmouth Hospital. This week, work will continue on the upper Goodwill feeder so that electrici


You may support my crowdfunding campaign here . In 2013 I started filming a documentary about the Uitenhage Chess Festival. This event was organised by, Elizabeth Muller and Maria Diedericks for about 12 years . They have both since retired, and so I decided to make rewrite the story to focus on the rising star of Jesse February, South Africa’s top female chess champion.

I filmed some footage and interviews and raised about $100 on a previous crowdfunding campaign. However, my own life took a detour, when I moved to China. In September 2017, I relocated back to South Africa after two years in Beijing.

You may support my crowdfunding campaign here.

New Crowdfunding for a film about Chess champion, Jesse February

A new crowdfunding campaign was launched this week by film-makers in Nelson Mandela Bay. They plan to raise about R25,000 for a documentary about Chess champion, Jesse February from Port Elizabeth. The money will be used to cover additional interviews and post-production costs to ensure the film is good enough for a television broadcast.

The director and producer, Ramon Thomas, started filming in 2013 after completing a Video Production course at The Media Workshop in Port Elizabeth, now known as AFDA Film School.

“This film project has evolved from the story about chess in a small town to a celebration of the individual chess player,” says Thomas. “Jesse February is a Chess champion and role model for pure grit.”

Former-president Jacob Zuma was an avid chess player and supporter. He opened the Commonwealth Chess Games with grandmasters like Gary Kasparov at the Boardwalk, Summerstrand, in 2013. All these events have contributed to the development of a story rooted in Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth, also known as Nelson Mandela Bay.

The funds raised via crowdfunding will cover additional filming and post-production costs. The film will be distributed via Youtube and Vimeo, free to the world. And it will be submitted to film festivals worldwide to raise awareness of the unbreakable spirit of Miss February.

You may support my crowdfunding campaign here.

Incoming search terms:


Q:

Racket how to define a recursive generator like Python?

This is a recursive algorithm to yield all subsets of a set. the equivalent Python code is:
def subsets(s):
    if not s:
        yield ()
    else:
        for e in subsets(s[1:]):
            yield s[:1] + e
            yield e

for s in subsets((1,2,3)):
    print(s)

Result:
>>>
(1, 2, 3)
(2, 3)
(1, 3)
(3,)
(1, 2)
(2,)
(1,)
()

This is the Racket version I tried:
#lang racket
(require racket/generator)

(define (subsets x)
  (generator ()
   (let recur ([s x])
     (if (null? s)
         (yield '())
         (for ([e (in-producer (recur (cdr s)))])
           (yield (cons (car s) e))
           (yield e))))))

(for/list ([j (in-producer (subsets '(1 2 3)))])
    (display j))

But it doesn't work:
Welcome to DrRacket, version 6.0.1 [3m].
Language: racket; memory limit: 128 MB.
(). . result arity mismatch;
 expected number of values not received
  expected: 1
  received: 0
  values...:

There seems to be no related example in Racket documentation Is it possible, how?

A:

You were overall pretty close, with some minor issues:

You made the subsets function get the set and return a generator
properly, but then you decided to wrap the body in the recur loop
for no good reason...  You want the recursive call to return a
generator (to be used as a producer) so you just need to call
subsets.
The proper way to iterate over a generator is to make it return some
known value when it's done, and use that as a stop-value.  For
example, add a (void) in the end and use it to stop.
You shouldn't mix for/list and display -- the first is used to
collect a list of results and the second is used to display a value.
Either switch to for, or just drop the display to return the list
of subsets.

Fixing these gives working code:
#lang racket
(require racket/generator)

(define (subsets s)
  (generator ()
    (if (null? s)
      (yield '())
      (for ([e (in-producer (subsets (cdr s)) (void))])
        (yield (cons (car s) e))
        (yield e)))
    (void)))

(for ([j (in-producer (subsets '(1 2 3)) (void))])
  (displayln j))

Two side comments:

A minor comment about Oscar's solution: using in-generator can be a
little confusing since it's not a way to iterate over a generator but
instead it's a way to create a generator and immediately iterate
over it.
JFYI, this is not really a good way to do this if you care about
efficiency (rather than play around with generators).


Q:

Run a script when the element is in view

Can someone fix this script so it runs when the element is in the view. In other words, it needs to wait until it's visible to run. Thanks! -Dan
$('.amount-chart').each(function(){
var $chart = $(this),
  size = parseFloat( $chart.outerWidth() ),
  clearSet;

$chart.css({
  height: size
})
.easyPieChart({
    size: size,
    animate: 2000,
            onStep: function(from, to, currentValue) {
                $(this.el).find('span.amount-counter').text(Math.round(currentValue));
            }
});

$(window).on('resize', function(){

   size = parseFloat( $chart.outerWidth() );

   $chart.css({
      height: size
   });

   //clearTimeout(clearSet);
   //clearSet = setTimeout(function(){
      $chart.removeData('easyPieChart').find('canvas').remove();
      $chart.easyPieChart({
         size: size,
         animate: 1
      });
   //}, 100);
});

});

A:

Thank you for full description!
Look at demo
HTML

Pie Chart

JavaScript
var inited = false
function init() {
   // init your chart
   // code here run once on element with id="el" will in viewport
}

$(window).on('scroll', function() {
  if ( inited ) {
    return
  }

  if ( el.offsetTop >= window.innerHeight + document.body.scrollTop ) {
    inited = true
    init()
  }
})


Why you shouldn't jump on the SPF bandwagon (2005) - porjo
http://david.woodhou.se/why-not-spf.html
======
livebsd
I've been managing my own mail server since forwever (when nanae was still a
thing: news.admin.net-abuse.email).

SPF is not too bad as far as forging countermeasures work. It's relatively
simple both to implement and to check. I'm not against it.

What I don't like is every single other standard they pushed later. I
personally think DMARC is borderline useless. DKIM is plainly horrid and
breaks just about everything you'd expect from email such as mailing lists,
while not solving anything both from a legitimacy perspective and from a spam
perspective.

Like everybody says, the "recommended" solution is to pour each and every of
these half-assed solutions into a score system. Which sucks, because when a
legitimate email is rejected, the fix is never trivial: it could be just a
perfectly legitimate host which decided that all these solutions are crap (and
they're right).

You know my current 90+% spam and scamming source by volume? It's gmail.com.
It's passing all these checks, of course. It's the reason I consider DKIM
virtually useless even from a legitimacy perspective: a valid DKIM signature
from any large/free email provider bears no significance to the point that
even if I had a decent UI for validation in my email client, I would basically
have to avoid it: "oh, right, another _legit_ scam from gmail.com".

~~~
garaetjjte
It is SPF that completely breaks mailing lists, DKIM is necessary to fix it.

DMARC just specifies reporting and policy, DKIM is almost useless (except as
SPF fail override) without it (because you don't know if it should have
signature or not)

~~~
brightball
DKIM without DMARC is the issue. Mail servers have no way of knowing that an
email with no DKIM signature was supposed to have one unless you’ve set a
DMARC policy to make it clear.

------
jedberg
I helped develop SPF, and created what may still be the "largest" SPF record
(eBay.com and PayPal.com). That being said, the author is mostly right. You
shouldn't reject email that fails SPF.

BUT, there is a use for SPF. You add it as a factor in your spam filter.
Deduct points for an SPF failure, or make it an aspect among many in your
filters. It's still a useful way for one org to tell another org, "here are
the IPs you should expect mail to come from".

~~~
jtmcmc
I mean that's what we developed DMARC for though.

~~~
jedberg
DMARC is a better solution for sure, but it's harder to implement and not as
many receivers support it.

------
mehrdadn
Weirdly enough, I've had this problem with DMARC, not SPF. It occurs on a very
small fraction of emails from more "sensitive" domains, like a fraction of
emails from one or two banks.

In particular, Gmail _completely silently_ drops emails forwarded by hosts
that aren't explicitly authorized by the sender's DMARC policy, which sucks
because it means I can't forward such emails from my _own_ addresses on other
domains to my _own_ Gmail account. I understand this is because the sender's
DMARC policy says that the receiver should hard-reject any mail delivered by
unauthorized middlemen, which seems naively short-sighted given that anyone
can deliver email, and DKIM already lets the receiver verify the authenticity.
(Is this even compliant behavior?)

Does anyone have a reasonable workaround for forwarding to Gmail in such
cases?

~~~
nothrabannosir
I’m afraid I don’t. This was in fact why I stopped hosting a mail server for
friends, way back when. I realised that if most of them put their gmail
address in ~/.forward, any spam they received on their account on my domain,
gmail would count towards my domain / ip instead of the original sender. This
is a fundamental flaw with current email implementations; there is no
equivalent to something like the “trusted downstream proxies” list.[1]

I always wondered why gmail wouldn’t have a (per account) setting to say: “I
am forwarding mail from this host / domain / address”, with corresponding
trust of Received: headers chain. If I could then add a header in forwarded
mails requiring that to be set, somehow, then we could avoid this SPF / DMARC
problem entirely. The fundamentals are there (received: headers and DKIM). All
we need is some last mile config :(

But it would promote decentralisation, so I’m not holding my breath.

[1] random search result of such an implementation:
[https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/pull/1864/files](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/pull/1864/files)

~~~
cm2187
But why doing email forwarding. If it is a custom domain, why not simply use
gmail as your MX entries?

~~~
mehrdadn
Confused, how does that work? How would Gmail know which mailbox to put an
email it gets for an address in a different domain?

~~~
cm2187
Gmail like pretty much every other providers offers to manage custom domains.
You point your mx entries to them, you setup the mailbox and aliases on the
google side, and you have a emails in yourdomain.com running using gmail
behind the scene. Just google "gmail custom domain".

~~~
mehrdadn
Oh, so you mean GSuite, not Gmail. That severely restricts your freedom with
the mailboxes and addresses you can have on your own domain.

~~~
judge2020
The e-mail routing in Gsuite is very customizable, the only downside to using
Gsuite (basic) is that it'll put you down $5 a month and if you use email
aliases you can only send from those aliases via gmail.com (or a mail client
that supports them).

------
zlynx
I've been using SPF in my SpamAssassin rules for over 10 years now and it has
only ever been a good thing.

      score SPF_FAIL 0 0.919 0 0.919

~~~
n3storm
That is not exactly how SPF was meant to use. If it fails email should be
rejected not scored. Disclaimer: I do the same as you.

~~~
nailer
So the developer of SPF (see jedberg above) says it should be used as a
ranking factor, but SPF itself says it should be rejected?

Maybe the issue with SPF is in the messaging around it?

~~~
LambdaComplex
I think that would depend on whether the SPF record indicated soft-fail or
hard-fail, no?

------
RobertRoberts
Without SPF records, automated email notices from my sites to any system like
Gmail, Hotmail, Office, Yahoo, etc... were rejected.

I don't care if it doesn't work, if 90% of every day emails are getting
rejected without SPF, then I setup SPF.

Edit: For serious email delivery these days DKIM is required...

------
INTPenis
I manage some pretty big spam filters for national regions and hospitals and
we need SPF to ward off potential phishing attacks claiming to be from our own
domain.

At the same time I do agree with the author that SPF might be harmful for the
rest of the internet by vouching for e-mail from a certain sender but if
you're relying solely on SPF then you've misconfigured.

------
flurdy
The Problems the article lists are correct still today. SPF should not be used
to single-handedly decide whether to reject mail.

The Alternatives the article lists reflect the date (2005). Domain Keys and
Cisco's alternative merged to become DKIM. DMARC came later.

Today I would suggest for most people to still use SPF but with ? or ~
(tilde), (Neutral or Softfail), and never - (Fail). So it becomes part of the
spam scoring and not decider as there are too many false positives with SPF,
as highlighted in the article.

Combine it with DKIM and at least initially a reporting only DMARC and you are
on your way to a good set up.

SRS turned out to be a disaster. Idea good, implementation with spam bad.

~~~
nasredin
I would suggest using the "-" ("reject")

Life is too short to waste it on spam.

If you can't set up proper SPF/DMARC/DKIM then I don't email me at all.

~~~
flurdy
No, that is the point, and mentioned in the article.

"-"(Reject/Hard Fail) for SPF is broken and should be avoided. SPF only
considers the sender and not the transport and recipient. It does not consider
recipients' forwarding alias rules, backup MXs, multi relay domain setups,
etc. I.e. normal email infrastructure and usage patterns.

I have subset of users that uses Gmail as their client, SPF with "-" from a
random valid sender would not allow me to redirect those emails to Google's
servers.

Also many aliases on my domains forwards to other addresses not on hosted by
my servers (subsidiaries, personal accounts, mailing lists, etc), Spf with "-"
will force the end SMTP server to block those emails as doubtful your SPF
listing has listed my SMTP servers.

And if a recipient domain has a more complex SMTP setup with mutiple SMTP
servers acting as incomming, outgoing, bastions, backups, webmail, sharded
storage, etc then any redirecting between them would again break with a strict
SPF.

As said before use: DKIM, DMARC but make sure SPF is set to not Fail as it is
broken. Use Greylisting, Spamassassin etc to score spam to avoid false
positives that are not obvious rubbish enough to reject on envelope details
alone.

Fastmail has a very good default recommendations:
[https://www.fastmail.com/help/technical/senderauthentication...](https://www.fastmail.com/help/technical/senderauthentication.html)

My own Postfix doc's DKIM section:
[http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix/#ext_dkim](http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix/#ext_dkim)

------
oelmekki
Just to be clear, if we don't implement SPF on our domain names, our mails
will be rejected by gmail, right?

If that's so, this is purely a theoretical discussion (which has its own
merits, of course).

~~~
ceejayoz
I don't believe Gmail rejects automatically for missing SPF records. It may be
a significant hit to the spam score, but it's still technically optional.

~~~
CodeWriter23
My experience is anything less than SPF, DKIM and DMARC results in Gmail
silently dropping messages. Also, HTML mail with inline images similarly
causes Gmail to drop.

And forget about sending from a DO Droplet due to poor IP reputation. A friend
of mine at an ISP confirmed their third party SPAM scoring provider (like
Symantec/ Brightworks) gives them a list of IPs to block at the edge, which
includes large swaths of DO’s IP blocks. Not sure what the story is for other
low-end VPS providers like Linode, etc.

Testing deliverability has become completely absurd. Every ISP and ESP has a
completely different method for mail rejection. And thanks to outsourcing
options for SPAM scoring, is subject to change at a moment’s notice.

This is a glaring omission in all Net Neutrality discussions I’ve seen, the
ability to simply communicate an order acknowledgement to a customer. Even
outsourcing to Mailgun, SendGrid or the like is no silver bullet for this
issue, you’ll still have interruptions in delivery because every day some
spammer gets through their checks and trashes that shared IP you’re sending
from. And probably you’re having unnoticed delivery failures because someone
else reported it / got it fixed. Renting a dedicated IP isn’t really a
solution because you have to send from IPv4 to reach the guy who is still
doing email @hisdomain.com and doesn’t even know IPv6 is a thing. And IPv4
addresses are in short supply.

------
badrabbit
This is a ridiculous article. First off,most orgs have an outbound mail
provider that supports spf. Second, Spf can be setup to softfail (mail gets
delivered anyways).

I have used spf many times to distinguish forged phishing email vs phishing
email originating from a compromised account.

SPF is like most security solutions,its purpose is to reduce risk not
eliminate it. If you really want to go down the rabbit hole of eliminating
risk,your first step should be to not use email at all.

------
janci
It's SRS that is broken, not SPF.


"""selIBEA tests"""

import nose.tools as nt

import deap
import numpy

import bluepyopt.deapext
from bluepyopt.deapext.tools.selIBEA \
    import (_calc_fitness_components, _mating_selection,)
from deapext_test_utils import make_mock_population

from nose.plugins.attrib import attr

@attr('unit')
def test_calc_fitness_components():
    """deapext.selIBEA: test calc_fitness_components"""
    KAPPA = 0.05
    population = make_mock_population()

    components = _calc_fitness_components(population, kappa=KAPPA)

    expected = numpy.array(
        [
            [1.00000000e+00, 4.30002298e-05, 4.26748513e-09, 2.06115362e-09,
             9.71587289e-03],
            [5.11484499e-09, 1.00000000e+00, 2.02317572e-07, 4.79335491e-05,
             3.52720088e-08],
            [6.75130710e-07, 1.23735078e+00, 1.00000000e+00, 2.77149617e-01,
             8.37712763e-06],
            [2.06115362e-09, 3.04444453e-04, 8.15288827e-08, 1.00000000e+00,
             2.06115362e-09],
            [2.06115362e-09, 6.75565231e-04, 4.39228177e-07, 2.12142918e-07,
             1.00000000e+00]
        ])

    nt.assert_true(numpy.allclose(expected, components))

@attr('unit')
def test_mating_selection():
    """deapext.selIBEA: test mating selection"""

    PARENT_COUNT = 10
    population = make_mock_population()
    parents = _mating_selection(population, PARENT_COUNT, 5)
    nt.assert_equal(len(parents), PARENT_COUNT)
    expected = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]
    nt.assert_equal(expected, [ind.ibea_fitness for ind in parents])

@attr('unit')
def test_selibea_init():
    """deapext.selIBEA: test selIBEA init"""

    deap.creator.create('fit', deap.base.Fitness, weights=(-1.0,))
    deap.creator.create(
        'ind',
        numpy.ndarray,
        fitness=deap.creator.__dict__['fit'])

    numpy.random.seed(1)

    population = [deap.creator.__dict__['ind'](x)
                  for x in numpy.random.uniform(0, 1,
                                                (10, 2))]

    for ind in population:
        ind.fitness.values = (numpy.random.uniform(0, 1), )

    mu = 5
    parents = bluepyopt.deapext.tools.selIBEA(population, mu)

    nt.assert_equal(len(parents), mu)


358 Mich. 594 (1960)
101 N.W.2d 365
BARRINGER
v.
ARNOLD.
Docket No. 30, Calendar No. 47,812.
Supreme Court of Michigan.
Decided February 25, 1960.
Schlee, McIntosh, Simpson & Oppliger, for plaintiff.
Said M. Touma and Loyall G. Watson, for defendants.
CARR, J.
Plaintiff brought this action in circuit court to recover damages for personal injury sustained in a traffic accident. On February 15, 1957, at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, she was riding in an automobile driven by her husband in a southerly direction on a public street in the city of St. Clair. A motor vehicle owned by defendant Arnold and driven by defendant Vossen was at the time proceeding in a northerly direction on said street. For reasons that are in dispute the cars came in contact on the west side of the traveled portion of the highway, a *597 blacktop road approximately 24 feet in width at the point in question. As a result of the collision plaintiff was injured.
In the declaration filed in the case plaintiff alleged that Vossen, hereinafter referred to as the defendant, was negligent in the operation of the automobile owned by Mr. Arnold and driven at the time with his knowledge and consent. Specifically it was charged that defendant was driving at an excessive rate of speed, that he did not have his vehicle under proper control, that he was proceeding in a careless and heedless manner, and that he negligently crossed the center line of the highway. It was the claim of the defendant on the trial of the case in circuit court that he was not driving at an excessive rate of speed or otherwise in a negligent manner, that an automobile suddenly came from a private driveway and entered the highway in front of him, that he attempted to avoid striking said car by turning to his left, that he then observed the proximity of the Barringer car, and that in endeavoring to avoid a collision with either of the vehicles he applied his brakes in an attempt to "spin" his car on the pavement. His testimony in this respect is corroborated to some extent by that of a police officer of the city of St. Clair who arrived on the scene shortly after the accident had occurred, and who testified as to the skid marks that he observed on the pavement. It further appears that the Barringer car was damaged on its left side and the condition of the defendant's vehicle after the impact indicated that the front right corner thereof had come in contact with the automobile in which plaintiff was riding.
A witness on behalf of defendant corroborated the latter's claims as to the attempted spinning operation and also the entrance into the highway of an automobile driven by a third party. Plaintiff and her husband both denied observing any such other vehicle. *598 It was their claim in substance that defendant crossed the center line of the road and thereby caused the accident. The case was tried before a jury which returned a verdict in favor of defendants. Plaintiff's motion for a new trial was denied, and she has appealed. It is claimed in her behalf that certain prejudicial errors occurred in the course of the trial of such character as to constitute grounds for reversal.
At the conclusion of the proofs counsel for plaintiff requested that the court instruct the jury that defendant was guilty of negligence as a matter of law. The trial judge denied the request, and properly so. The testimony was in dispute as to how and why the accident occurred. Defendant in his testimony denied operating his vehicle in a negligent manner. It was his claim that he was confronted by a sudden emergency that resulted from the act of a third person whose identity was not disclosed by the proofs on the trial, that he was not responsible for the occurrence of such emergency, that faced therewith he undertook to avoid the accident by resorting to the attempted action described by him, that he knew that it was possible to spin an automobile and bring it to a sudden stop in that manner, that he had previously undertaken to do so, with success, and that no other possible way of avoiding a collision occurred to him at the time. Plaintiff's proofs were at variance with those of defendant. Under the circumstances it rested with the jury as the trier of the facts to weigh the testimony of the witnesses and to determine on the basis of all the evidence in the case the issue as to defendant's negligence.
Complaint is also made that the trial judge in submitting the case to the jury charged with reference to the so-called emergency rule without specifically referring in the first instance to the qualification of said rule, in other words, without advising the jury that the rule would not apply if the emergency resulted *599 from the conduct of the one seeking to invoke its benefit. However, immediately following the reference to the effect of a sudden emergency the jury was charged as follows:
"The emergency doctrine in law means that a person who is operating a motor vehicle and suddenly is faced with an unusual or unsuspected situation is required to act as a reasonably prudent man would or might act under the same or similar circumstances; that is, act as a reasonably prudent man would under like circumstances, however, if this emergency is brought about by his own carelessness and recklessness or negligent acts, then the emergency doctrine itself, of course, does not apply. If in this case you find that there was an emergency situation but you find that Mr. Vossen's acts brought about this situation, you will not then apply the emergency doctrine to the case as I have previously given it to you."
In view of the language quoted we do not think that there could have been any misunderstanding on the part of the jurors as to the proper application of the emergency rule. The claim of prejudicial error in the charge with reference thereto is not well-founded.
Complaint is also made on behalf of appellant that in the charge to the jury repeated references were made to "the proximate cause" of the accident and plaintiff's injuries therein. It is contended that the jury might have understood that there was no liability unless the negligence of the defendant was the sole proximate cause of the collision of the automobiles. This Court has repeatedly held that an injury and cause of action may result from more than 1 concurring acts of negligence. Thus in Gleason v. Hanafin, 308 Mich 31, 37, it was said:
"There may be 2 contributing causes of an injury. Welch v. Jackson & Battle Creek Traction Co., 154 Mich 399. Where injury results from concurrent negligence of 2 or more persons, each proximately *600 contributing to the result, recovery may be had against 1 or more. Banzhof v. Roche, 228 Mich 36. It is not essential to recovery that defendants' negligence be the sole cause of plaintiff's injury. Camp v. Wilson, 258 Mich 38. There may be 2 proximate causes of an accident. Fitzcharles v. Mayer, 284 Mich 122 (3 NCCA NS 565); Bordner v. McKernan, 294 Mich 411; Wallace v. Kramer, 296 Mich 680."
See, also, Tracy v. Rublein, 342 Mich 623, 631.
In Sedorchuk v. Weeder, 311 Mich 6, the Court, citing prior decisions, recognized the principle of law that there may be more than 1 proximate cause of an accident and held that the trial judge committed reversible error in referring throughout his charge to the jury to "the proximate cause." The Court declared (p 11) that the charge as given "was tantamount to an instruction that, before plaintiff could recover, he must show that defendant's negligence was `the sole' proximate cause of the accident." Under the proofs in the instant case the jury may have concluded that the party proceeding from the private drive to the public highway (assuming the correctness of defendant's proofs), or the driver of the automobile in which plaintiff was riding, or both, were guilty of negligence constituting contributing factors to the accident, and that defendant's negligence, if such there was, was not the sole proximate cause. In view of the proofs it is quite possible that the form of the charge as given resulted in prejudice to plaintiff's right to recover. Such being the case it must be considered erroneous.
At the time of the accident plaintiff and her husband were riding in the front seat of their automobile. In the rear seat were Mrs. Barringer's mother, Mrs. Hattie Martin, and 2 small children. At the time of the trial Mrs. Martin, as appears from the testimony, was 76 years of age. She was not called as a witness nor was any explanation offered on behalf of either *601 party as to why she was not produced. At the request of defendant the trial court charged the jury as follows:
"In this case, the record shows that Mrs. Martin, the mother of Mrs. Barringer, was a passenger in the Barringer auto at the time of the accident and she has not been here produced as a witness nor has her absence been explained. The failure or refusal of a party to produce evidence within his possession or control raises a presumption that the evidence, if produced, would have operated against him and in your deliberation in this case you are entitled to assume that if Mrs. Martin were produced as a witness, her testimony would be unfavorable to the claim of the plaintiff in this case."
On behalf of plaintiff it is insisted that such charge was erroneous and prejudicial. It is claimed in substance that defendant might have subpoenaed Mrs. Martin had her testimony been desired. It is further urged that, inferentially at least, her testimony, had she been a witness, would have been merely cumulative to that of plaintiff and her husband. Plaintiff's argument is in substance that under the facts involved in the case no inference prejudicial to her should be permitted to be drawn because of the fact that she did not produce her mother as a witness in her behalf.
In Brandt v. C.F. Smith & Co., 242 Mich 217, 222, it was said:
"Failure to produce evidence within a party's control raises the presumption that, if produced, it would operate against him; and every intendment will be in favor of the opposite party. Cole v. Lake Shore & M.S.R. Co., 81 Mich 156; Griggs v. Saginaw & F.R. Co., 196 Mich 258."
Involved in the case was the alleged failure of the defendant to produce its records, and also officers and agents that presumably had knowledge of the *602 transactions involved in the litigation. Of like import is Leeds v. Masha, 328 Mich 137, which was an action for damages sustained in an automobile accident. One of the defendants, who was the driver of the vehicle owned by the other defendant, was not called as a witness nor was any explanation made as to the failure to call him. The rule as generally stated permits the raising of the inference referred to by the trial judge in his charge to the jury when the failure or refusal of a party to produce evidence has reference to the proof, or means of proof, subject to the "control" of such party. The circuit judge correctly stated the rule, but the question before us is whether it is applicable under the facts here presented.
The record discloses that Mr. and Mrs. Barringer resided at the time of the trial, as well as at the time of the accident, in the city of St. Clair. Mrs. Martin lived in Marysville. In other words, she was not a member of the household of the plaintiff. No claim is made that defendant was not aware of the fact that Mrs. Martin was a passenger in the Barringer car at the time of the occurrence on February 15, 1957. Neither is there any claim that she could not have been subpoenaed as a witness on behalf of the defense. In other words, it does not appear that the evidence that plaintiff did not produce was subject to her control and not equally available to the defendant. Furthermore, in order that the inference referred to in the charge of the trial court may properly be drawn the evidence involved may not be merely cumulative. In the final analysis the rule in its development and in its application has been and is directed against the suppression of proof that should be produced to assist in a proper determination of the pending litigation.
In Cross v. Lake Shore & M.S.R. Co., 69 Mich 363 (13 Am St Rep 399, 9 Am Neg Cas 464), plaintiff *603 claimed that she was injured as the result of negligence on the part of defendant in the maintenance of its grounds. Another party was injured at the same time in like manner. Such other party was not called as a witness, and counsel for defendant requested the court to charge the jury that the unexplained failure to call such other injured party was a matter that the jury might consider and conclude therefrom that such testimony, had it been produced, would have been injurious to plaintiff. The trial court refused to so charge, indicating as the reason therefor that the witness was equally available to defendant as well as to the plaintiff. Commenting thereon in the opinion on appeal, it was said (p 369):
"We think the court was correct in his refusal, and right as to the presumption. If she was within reach of the process of the court, either party had, as far as the record shows, equal facilities for bringing her into court as a witness; and the mere fact that either failed to do so raised no presumption that she would testify against their particular theory of the accident."
In Bleecker v. Johnston, 69 NY 309, an action was brought against copartners on an alleged contract of employment. One of the defendants testified but the other did not. The trial judge charged the jury in substance that the inference might be drawn from the nonproduction of such other defendant that his evidence would not be beneficial to defendants. This was held to be error, the court of appeals holding that there was no duty to call all witnesses within reach, and that the failure to do so did not imply a fraud or a design to suppress the truth. The judgment in favor of plaintiff was reversed because of the error. This Court in Cole v. Lake Shore & S.M.R. Co., 81 Mich 156, 161, quoted with approval from the opinion in the New York case, as follows:
*604 "The mere omission of a party to a civil action to call a witness who, at the most, has no other or better knowledge of the matter in dispute than those who are produced and give evidence, is not necessarily suspicious, entitling the adverse party to every presumption to his prejudice."
See, also, Macklem v. Warren Construction Company, 343 Mich 334, 338.
In Gibbons v. Delta Contracting Co., 301 Mich 638, the action was brought to recover damages resulting from a collision between plaintiff's automobile and defendant's truck. At the time of the collision one Louis Dain was riding in the truck with the driver. He was not called as a witness by defendant, and counsel for plaintiff in his argument to the jury commented on such failure. The trial judge charged the jury with reference to the matter, pointing out that Dain had been in the courtroom during part of the trial, and further stating to the jury that:
"You are charged that either party had the right to call Louis Dain as a witness, he being available to the process of this court, Dain being a resident of Watersmeet, Gogebic county, Michigan. You are further charged that counsel for either party to this litigation had the right to make such proper comments on the failure to call Louis Dain as the facts warranted."
This Court held (p 650) that neither the argument by plaintiff's counsel nor the court's instruction to the jury constituted reversible error. It was recognized, in other words, that either party had the right to call the witness. A like situation existed in the case at bar.
In recognition of what appears to be the general rule on the subject, it is said in 31 CJS, Evidence § 156, p 858:
*605 "It has been laid down in a large number of cases that where a witness is equally available or accessible to both parties, no presumption or inference against either party can arise by reason of his failure to call such witness."
Likewise, in 20 Am Jur, Evidence, § 189, p 193, it is stated that:
"Furthermore, it is a general rule that a party is not to be prejudiced by his failure to call a witness who is equally available to the other party."
Under the circumstances indicated by the proofs in the instant case we conclude that the trial judge was in error in giving defendant's request with reference to plaintiff's failure to call Mrs. Martin as a witness. Counsel for defendant knew that plaintiff's mother was riding in the Barringer automobile and might have subpoenaed her as a witness if they had desired to do so. Plaintiff and her husband were occupants of the front seat and presumably in a better position to make observations as to the movements of defendant's car than was Mrs. Martin. The failure to call all the witnesses to a transaction gives rise to no prejudicial inference if it may reasonably be anticipated that the witnesses not called would give merely cumulative testimony. At most it was merely a matter of argument by counsel as to the conclusion that might be drawn from the fact that Mrs. Martin was not produced by either party.
For the errors indicated the judgment must be reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial. Plaintiff may have costs.
DETHMERS, C.J., and KELLY, SMITH, BLACK, EDWARDS, KAVANAGH, and SOURIS, JJ., concurred.