// Copyright 2019 Esri.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific
// language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

using ArcGISRuntime;
using ArcGISRuntime.Samples.Managers;
using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry;
using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Mapping;
using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Ogc;
using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.UI.Controls;
using Foundation;
using System;
using UIKit;

namespace ArcGISRuntimeXamarin.Samples.EditKmlGroundOverlay
{
    [Register("EditKmlGroundOverlay")]
    [ArcGISRuntime.Samples.Shared.Attributes.Sample(
        name: "Edit KML ground overlay",
        category: "Layers",
        description: "Edit the values of a KML ground overlay.",
        instructions: "Use the slider to adjust the opacity of the ground overlay.",
        tags: new[] { "KML", "KMZ", "Keyhole", "OGC", "imagery", "Featured" })]
    [ArcGISRuntime.Samples.Shared.Attributes.OfflineData("1f3677c24b2c446e96eaf1099292e83e")]
    public class EditKmlGroundOverlay : UIViewController
    {
        // Hold references to UI controls.
        private SceneView _mySceneView;
        private UISlider _slider;
        private UILabel _valueLabel;

        // Uri of the image for the ground overlay.
        private readonly Uri _imageryUri = new Uri(DataManager.GetDataFolder("1f3677c24b2c446e96eaf1099292e83e", "1944.jpg"));

        // The ground overlay KML node.
        private KmlGroundOverlay _overlay;

        public EditKmlGroundOverlay()
        {
            Title = "Edit KML ground overlay";
        }

        private void Initialize()
        {
            // Create a scene for the sceneview.
            Scene myScene = new Scene(Basemap.CreateImagery());
            _mySceneView.Scene = myScene;

            // Create a geometry for the ground overlay.
            Envelope overlayGeometry = new Envelope(-123.066227926904, 44.04736963555683, -123.0796942287304, 44.03878298600624, SpatialReferences.Wgs84);

            // Create a KML Icon for the overlay image.
            KmlIcon overlayImage = new KmlIcon(_imageryUri);

            // Create the KML ground overlay.
            _overlay = new KmlGroundOverlay(overlayGeometry, overlayImage);

            // Set the rotation of the ground overlay.
            _overlay.Rotation = -3.046024799346924;

            // Create a KML dataset with the ground overlay as the root node.
            KmlDataset dataset = new KmlDataset(_overlay);

            // Create a KML layer for the scene view.
            KmlLayer layer = new KmlLayer(dataset);

            // Add the layer to the map.
            _mySceneView.Scene.OperationalLayers.Add(layer);

            // Move the viewpoint to the ground overlay.
            _mySceneView.SetViewpoint(new Viewpoint(_overlay.Geometry, new Camera(_overlay.Geometry.Extent.GetCenter(), 1250, 45, 60, 0)));

            // Set the default value for the slider.
            _slider.Value = 255;
        }

        private void SliderValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Change the color of the KML ground overlay image to edit the alpha-value. (Other color values are left as-is in the original image.)
            _overlay.Color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb((int)((UISlider)sender).Value, 0, 0, 0);

            // Display the value.
            _valueLabel.Text = ((int)((UISlider)sender).Value).ToString();
        }

        public override void LoadView()
        {
            // Create the views.
            View = new UIView { BackgroundColor = ApplicationTheme.BackgroundColor };

            _mySceneView = new SceneView();
            _mySceneView.TranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;

            UILabel opacityLabel = new UILabel() { Text = "Opacity ", TranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false };

            _slider = new UISlider()
            {
                MinValue = 0,
                MaxValue = 255,
                TranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
            };

            _valueLabel = new UILabel() { Text = "255", TranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false };

            UIToolbar toolbar = new UIToolbar();
            toolbar.TranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;
            toolbar.Items = new[]
            {
                new UIBarButtonItem {CustomView = opacityLabel},
                new UIBarButtonItem(UIBarButtonSystemItem.FlexibleSpace),
                new UIBarButtonItem {CustomView = _slider, Width = 200},
                new UIBarButtonItem(UIBarButtonSystemItem.FlexibleSpace),
                new UIBarButtonItem {CustomView = _valueLabel}
            };

            // Add the views.
            View.AddSubviews(_mySceneView, toolbar);

            // Lay out the views.
            NSLayoutConstraint.ActivateConstraints(new[]
            {
                _mySceneView.TopAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.SafeAreaLayoutGuide.TopAnchor),
                _mySceneView.LeadingAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.LeadingAnchor),
                _mySceneView.TrailingAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.TrailingAnchor),
                _mySceneView.BottomAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(toolbar.TopAnchor),

                toolbar.LeadingAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.LeadingAnchor),
                toolbar.TrailingAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.TrailingAnchor),
                toolbar.BottomAnchor.ConstraintEqualTo(View.SafeAreaLayoutGuide.BottomAnchor)
            });
        }

        public override void ViewDidLoad()
        {
            base.ViewDidLoad();
            Initialize();
        }

        public override void ViewWillAppear(bool animated)
        {
            base.ViewWillAppear(animated);

            // Subscribe to events.
            _slider.ValueChanged += SliderValueChanged;
        }

        public override void ViewDidDisappear(bool animated)
        {
            base.ViewDidDisappear(animated);

            // Unsubscribe from events, per best practice.
            _slider.ValueChanged -= SliderValueChanged;
        }
    }
}


Success!

Bones Confirmed For Its 12th And Final Season

Back in 2014, we teased at the tenth and final season of Bones. Thankfully, we've gotten another season out of the beloved Fox show; however, it is with a heavy heart we report the newly confirmed twelfth and final season.

If we're being completely honest, the show's been a bit of a downer since Sweets got shot.

The final season, promising twelve episodes, will give us fans the "meaningful and satisfying conclusion" we've been waiting for ever since we saw sparks fly between Brennan and Booth.

According to TVLine, the final twelve episodes will bring the Fox favourite to a grand total of 246 episodes on the air.

Executive Producers Jonathan Collier and Michael Peterson sat down to discuss their decision in detail: “We couldn’t be more thrilled to have another season, so we can give the show, characters, and fans the end they so richly deserve. Also knowing there is a Season 12, we can now write the most rewarding Season 11 finale possible — one we hope will leave our fans excited for what’s to come in this final season of Bones.”

Hart Hanson, the series creator, added: “In times like these, marked by instability and doubt, it’s comforting to know the world can count on at least one dependable beacon of stability. Apparently, that beacon is Bones. It just shows what you can do with an amalgam of genius cast, amazing crew, cunning writers, stalwart studio, sweat, a tough economy, a mercurial network, determination, luck, magic, miracles, and the most loyal audience in the world.”

Does this mean we'll get to see Daisy and her child well provided for? Will we get to see Jack and Angela see his invention on the shelf at the supermarket?

David B and Emily D thanked fans for their continued support and viewership in statements on the official Fox website.

“This is for the fans! Thank you to everyone at Fox and, of course, Dana and Gary – for all your support,” said Boreanaz. “Thank you to Hart, Stephen, Ian [Toynton], Michael, and Jonathan. Also to the crew and cast for their countless support along the way! And I couldn’t have done it without you, Emily!”

“I am thrilled the show will have the ending it deserves for all of our amazing, loyal fans!,” added Deschanel.


Electropermeabilization of skeletal muscle enhances gene transfer in vivo.
This work demonstrates that electrical muscle stimulation markedly increases the transfection efficiency of an intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA. In soleus or extensor digitorum longus muscles of adult rats the percentage of transfected fibers increased from about 1 to more than 10. The number of transfected fibers and the amount of foreign protein produced could be graded by varying the number or duration of the electrical pulses applied to the muscle. The stimulation had to be applied when DNA was present in the muscle. When dextran was injected together with the plasmid DNA, it was also taken up by the transfected fibers. Stimulation-induced membrane permeabilization and increased DNA uptake were therefore probably responsible for the improved transfection. The stimulation caused some muscle damage but the fibers regenerated rapidly. The described method, which is simple, efficient, and reproducible, should become valuable for basic research, gene therapy and DNA vaccination.


Q:

How do you disable the "Play Now" ballon from appearing in the GKMatchmakerViewController

I would like to prevent users from pressing the 'play now' balloon button because I don't want them to be able to auto-match.
I would like them to only be able to invite specific players in game center.
  if([GKLocalPlayer localPlayer].isAuthenticated)
  {
    if(!_matchRequest)
      _matchRequest                      = [[GKMatchRequest alloc] init];

    _matchRequest.minPlayers             = 2;
    _matchRequest.maxPlayers             = 2;
    _matchRequest.defaultNumberOfPlayers = _matchRequest.minPlayers;
            //prevent automatch players
    //how to disable 'play now' ?

    if(_mmvc)
      _mmvc = nil;

    _mmvc = [[GKMatchmakerViewController alloc] initWithMatchRequest:_matchRequest];

    _mmvc.matchmakerDelegate = self;

    [self presentViewController:_mmvc animated:YES completion:^{}];
 }

A:

Looks like there isn't a way. But the next best thing for me is to let people press 'play now' and then hit them with a message box that says 'No' - you have to invite people and that looks like this.
- (void)matchmakerViewController:(GKMatchmakerViewController *)viewController didFindMatch:(GKMatch *)match
{
  if(_matchRequest.playersToInvite == nil)
  {
    //This happens when the end-user presses 'play now'
    //Don't let them 'play now' - force them to invite one other device
    UIAlertView *v = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"No" message:@"You can't play now. You have to invite someone." delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Ok" otherButtonTitles:nil];
    [v show];
  }
  else
  {
    //you invited someone - you can start the game
    _match = match;
    //...
  }


Orb, the Kentucky Derby champion who many hoped would become the first Triple Crown winner in 35 years, finished fourth in the Preakness Stakes on Saturday, as 15-1 longshot Oxbow pulled off a surprise wire-to-wire win at Pimlico.

"It's so special," said Oxbow jockey Gary Stevens, who came out of retirement this year at age 50. "We were kind of flying under the radar after the Derby. Didn't get a lot of respect."

Scenes from Preakness Stakes

"I get paid to spoil dreams," Lukas said.

Orb's fate may have been sealed days before the race, when he drew the No. 1 post position along the rail -- only two horses have won the Preakness from that position over the last 63 years. Sure enough, Orb got boxed in against the rail by a pack of horses early in the race, and could never find room to break free.

Meanwhile, Oxbow pulled ahead of the pack and never relinquished the lead.

2013's Triple Crown Top Contenders

It's a landmark win for Lukas: Oxbow's Preakness victory marks the trainer's 14th Triple Crown win, the most ever. He's won the Preakness six times, and the Kentucky Derby and the Belmont four times each. He passed James Fitzsimmons, who has won 13 Triple Crown races.

Jockey Gary Stevens has now notched three wins apiece at the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont over his career.

In the lead-up to the Preakness, Orb seemed like a prime candidate to end that drought, and bettors made him a heavy favorite. His breathtaking late push in the Kentucky Derby had people believing: He emerged from the back of the pack down the stretch, blew past a large group of horses and pulled away from the pack for a dominant win. Combined with a pedigree to make race fans drool -- his blood lines includes two Triple Crown winners, Seattle Slew (1977) and Secretariat (1973) -- many thought the three-year-old colt would take a place among the horse-racing elite.

Instead, he'll become another in a long line of almosts and what-ifs. Only 11 horses have won the Triple Crown, and none since Affirmed in 1978.

Orb wasn't the only one trying to make history on Saturday who came up short in Baltimore.


{-# OPTIONS --universe-polymorphism --allow-unsolved-metas --no-termination-check #-}

module Issue202 where

Foo : ∀ {A} → A → Set
Foo x = Foo x

-- Previously resulted in the following (cryptic) error:
-- Bug.agda:6,13-14
-- _5 !=< _5
-- when checking that the expression x has type _5


Tattooing with electrocauterization: a cosmetically acceptable therapeutic modality for a single halo naevus.
Two cases of single lesion halo naevus were treated with tattooing followed by electrocauterization resulting in good cosmetic acceptability. Tattooing with electrocauterization should be tried as a new therapeutic modality in a single lesion halo naevus especially on exposed parts of the body to avoid the unavoidable psychological trauma.


You know him, you love him, and now you’ll have the chance to interact with the Internet’s champion in an entirely new way. That’s right, Neil deGrasse Tyson – world renowned astrophysicist/the science teacher you wish you had in middle school – is appearing in his first ever virtual reality experience.

Tyson’s Space Odyssey VR Experience will make its debut at this year’s San Diego Comic-Con. Described in an official statement as both “an educational and entertaining interactive exhibition that will highlight some of the upcoming advances in virtual reality, as well as showcase the forthcoming Neil deGrasse Tyson’s Space Odyssey multi-platform franchise.”

These platforms will include an immersive game with virtual reality missions, a series of comic stories, and an animated series. This content will be available “on home and mobile devices – and eventually at museums, science centers and in classrooms.”

Space Odyssey will make its debut as a part of the inaugural VR Con – Comic-Con’s very first immersive-tech focused exhibition. VR Con is described as:

“An officially-sanctioned Comic-Con event that celebrates the boldest and coolest of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), with the latest from the leading equipment makers, film studios, television networks, brands, designers, coders and innovators. VR CON covers entertainment, gaming, education, travel, medical, architecture, and more.”

Tyson’s VR experience will be showcased at VR Con in partnership with Radiant Images. Radiant is a VR content house known for 360 video tie ins for feature films such as Southpaw, and In The Heart of The Sea.

Exact details on Space Odyssey’s content are sparse, but considering the pedigree of this partner studio it would be safe to assume that it will be a 360 immersive video experience featuring Tyson doing what he does best – educating people on the wonders of the cosmos with relevant facts and exciting visuals.

A Comic-Con panel featuring Tyson will also be live streamed in VR by Radiant and VRLIVE on Saturday July 23.


Q:

Breeze getProperty "undefined is not a function" with 1.14.12 stack (EF6)

I am receiving the following error:
"undefined is not a function at updateRelatedEntityInCollection (localhost:3091/scripts/breeze.debug.js:14542:40"
when using the breeze stack 1.14.12 with EF 6.1 / WebApi2.
I have the following entities / maps defined server-side:
public partial class Agency
{
    public Agency()
    {
        this.Programs = new HashSet<AgencyProgram>();
        this.Locations = new HashSet<Location>();
        this.Participants = new HashSet<Participant>();
        this.StaffMembers = new HashSet<Staff>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<AgencyProgram> Programs { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Location> Locations { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Participant> Participants { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Staff> StaffMembers { get; set; }
}

public partial class Staff
{
    public Staff()
    {
        this.CareerClubs = new HashSet<CareerClub>();
        this.ClassFacilitation = new HashSet<ClassFacilitator>();
    }

    public int AgencyId { get; set; }
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public virtual Agency Agency { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<CareerClub> CareerClubs { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<ClassFacilitator> ClassFacilitation { get; set; }
}

public class StaffMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Staff>
{
    public StaffMap()
    {
        // Primary Key
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        // Properties
        this.Property(t => t.Name)
            .IsRequired()
            .HasMaxLength(50);

        // Table & Column Mappings
        this.ToTable("Staff");
        this.Property(t => t.AgencyId).HasColumnName("AgencyId");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasColumnName("Name");
    }
}

public class AgencyMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Agency>
{
    public AgencyMap()
    {
        // Primary Key
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        // Properties
        this.Property(t => t.Name)
            .IsRequired()
            .HasMaxLength(50);

        // Table & Column Mappings
        this.ToTable("Agency");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasColumnName("Name");
}

When I query the controller for Agencies (no filters, just a
return context.Agencies

I am getting back the following Json
[{"$id":"1","$type":"System.Data.Entity.DynamicProxies.Agency_09777AD4C70881ED42DD78FB209FCD42C4995B1603097BBFD98C061405E71961, EntityFrameworkDynamicProxies-Model.Persistence","Locations":[],"Participants":[],"Programs":[],"StaffMembers":[{"$id":"2","$type":"System.Data.Entity.DynamicProxies.Staff_B3294F308AC9ED853C9E99FE2B1D765F9433E16FF56372757A43E397DECA38C7, EntityFrameworkDynamicProxies-Model.Persistence","Agency":{"$ref":"1"},"CareerClubs":[],"ClassFacilitation":[],"AgencyId":4,"Id":5,"Name":"Samuel Gonzalez"}],"Id":4,"Name":"Test Agency\r\n"}]

Anytime Breeze 'types' the results (either with toType, or if I set metadata mappings) this error is thrown.
The relatedEntity for the updateRelatedEntityInCollection is a populated Staff object without breeze props (no EntityAspect) and the inverseProperty associationName is Staff_Agency.
I guess for whatever reason the Staff object is not getting 'breezified' after coming back from the server.

A:

The dynamic proxies are the problem.  You'll need to turn them off, or use Breeze's EFContextProvider, which configures things correctly.
Breeze recognizes the entities by the "$type" property, which becomes unrecognizable when proxies are used.


Vick suspended indefinitely by NFL

NEW YORK -- The NFL has suspended Falcons quarterback Michael Vick indefinitely without pay following his admission of guilt in a dogfighting scheme.

On Friday, Vick filed his plea agreement in federal court admitting to conspiracy in a dogfighting ring and agreeing that the enterprise included killing pit bulls and gambling. He denied making side bets on the fights, but admitted to bankrolling them.

"Your admitted conduct was not only illegal, but also cruel and reprehensible" and regardless whether he personally placed bets, "your actions in funding the betting and your association with
illegal gambling both violate the terms of your NFL player contract and expose you to corrupting influences in derogation of one of the most fundamental responsibilities of an NFL player."

Goodell freed the Falcons to "assert any claims or remedies" to recover $22 million of Vick's signing bonus from the 10-year, $130 million contract he signed in 2004.

The commissioner didn't speak to Vick but based his decision on the court filings. NFL spokesman Greg Aiello said Goodell may meet with Vick in the future, and Goodell said he would review the suspension after all the legal proceedings.

"You have engaged in conduct detrimental to the welfare of the NFL and have violated the league's personal conduct policy,"
Goodell told Vick in a letter after meeting in New York with Falcons president and general manager Rich McKay.

"You are now justifiably facing consequences for the decisions you made and the conduct in which you engaged. Your career, freedom and public standing are now in the most serious jeopardy," Goodell wrote. "I hope that you will be able to learn from this difficult experience and emerge from it better prepared to act responsibly and to make the kinds of choices that are expected of a conscientious and law abiding citizen."

Falcons owner Arthur Blank supported Goodell's decision and said:

"We hope that Michael will use this time, not only to further address his legal matters, but to take positive steps to improve his personal life."

Nike, meantime, said it terminated its contract with Vick.

In disciplining Vick, Goodell said he will "review the status of your suspension following the conclusion of the legal proceedings. As part of that review, I will take into account a number of factors, including the resolution of any other charges that may be brought against you, whether in Surry County, Virginia, or other jurisdictions, your conduct going forward, the specifics of the sentence imposed by Judge Hudson and any related findings he might make, and the extent to which you are truthful and cooperative with law enforcement and league staff who are investigating these matters."

"I have advised the Falcons that, with my decision today, they are no longer prohibited from acting and are now free to assert any claims or remedies available to them under the Collective Bargaining Agreement or your NFL Player Contract."

The grisly details outlined in the indictment and other court papers prompted a public backlash against Vick, who had been one of the NFL's most popular players.

Animal-rights groups mobilized against Vick -- even protesting at NFL headquarters in New York -- and sponsors dropped him.

"It is fitting that the NFL has suspended him,'' said Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of The Humane Society of the United
States. "He's now a role model for something terrible, and it's not appropriate that he suit up in an NFL uniform."


There are 2 summaries for S.Res.118. View summaries

Shown Here:

Passed Senate without amendment (04/05/2017)

(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

Condemns hate crime and any other form of racism, religious or ethnic bias, discrimination, incitement to violence, or animus targeting a minority in the United States. Affirms that the United States stands united in condemning hate and evil in all forms. Rejects hate-motivated crime as an attack on the fabric of society and the ideals of pluralism and respect.

Calls on federal law enforcement officials, working with state and local officials, to: (1) expeditiously investigate all credible reports of hate crimes and incidents and threats against minorities in the United States, and (2) bring the perpetrators to justice..

Encourages: (1) the Department of Justice (DOJ) and other federal agencies to work to improve the reporting of hate crimes, and to emphasize the importance of the agencies' collection and reporting of data pursuant to federal law; and (2) the development of an interagency task force led by the Attorney General to collaborate on the development of effective strategies and efforts to detect and deter hate crime in order to protect minority communities.

Calls on the executive branch to continue to: (1) offer federal assistance that may be available for victims of hate crimes; and (2) carry out safety and preparedness programs for religious institutions, places of worship, and other institutions that have been targeted because of their affiliation with any particular religious, racial, or ethnic minority in the United States.


Two types of kainate response in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
1. Two different types of kainate response were recorded in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with the use of the whole-cell and outside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique. 2. There was an outward rectification in the current-voltage (I-V) plot of the kainate-induced current (type I response) in relatively large neurons bearing a morphological resemblance to young pyramidal cells. In smaller neurons with elliptical somata and fine neurites, the kainate response was characterized by a remarkable inward rectification in the I-V plot of the kainate-induced current and a significant permeability to Ca2+ (type II response). 3. Both type I and type II responses were negligible below 2 microM and almost saturated at 500 microM kainate. The concentrations producing half-maximal responses and the Hill coefficients were 68 microM and 1.76 and 56 microM and 1.21 for type I and type II responses, respectively. Both responses were suppressed similarly by the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). 4. The mean single-channel conductance (gamma) of the type II kainate response was estimated, from the relation between the whole-cell mean currents and current variances, to be 8.7 pS. The power spectrum for the current noise was fitted with the sum of two Lorentzians with cutoff frequencies (fc) of 61.1 +/- 1.4 and 327.8 +/- 10.5 Hz (n = 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


/******************************************************************************
 * Project:  PROJ.4
 * Purpose:  Public (application) include file for PROJ.4 API, and constants.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, <warmerdam@pobox.com>
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2001, Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *****************************************************************************/

/* General projections header file */
#ifndef PROJ_API_H
#define PROJ_API_H

#include "vtk_libproj_mangle.h"
#include "vtklibproj_export.h"

/* standard inclusions */
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/*
 * This version number should be updated with every release!  The format of
 * PJ_VERSION is
 *
 * * Before version 4.10.0: PJ_VERSION=MNP where M, N, and P are the major,
 *   minor, and patch numbers; e.g., PJ_VERSION=493 for version 4.9.3.
 *
 * * Version 4.10.0 and later: PJ_VERSION=MMMNNNPP later where MMM, NNN, PP
 *   are the major, minor, and patch numbers (the minor and patch numbers
 *   are padded with leading zeros if necessary); e.g., PJ_VERSION=401000
 *   for version 4.10.0.
 */
#define PJ_VERSION 493

/* pj_init() and similar functions can be used with a non-C locale */
/* Can be detected too at runtime if the symbol pj_atof exists */
#define PJ_LOCALE_SAFE 1

extern char const pj_release[]; /* global release id string */

#define RAD_TO_DEG	57.295779513082321
#define DEG_TO_RAD	.017453292519943296

extern int pj_errno;	/* global error return code */

#if !defined(PROJECTS_H)
    typedef struct { double u, v; } projUV;
    typedef struct { double u, v, w; } projUVW;
    typedef void *projPJ;
    #define projXY projUV
    #define projLP projUV
    #define projXYZ projUVW
    #define projLPZ projUVW
    typedef void *projCtx;
#else
    typedef PJ *projPJ;
    typedef projCtx_t *projCtx;
#   define projXY	XY
#   define projLP       LP
#   define projXYZ      XYZ
#   define projLPZ      LPZ
#endif

/* file reading api, like stdio */
typedef int *PAFile;
typedef struct projFileAPI_t {
    PAFile  (*FOpen)(projCtx ctx, const char *filename, const char *access);
    size_t  (*FRead)(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb, PAFile file);
    int     (*FSeek)(PAFile file, long offset, int whence);
    long    (*FTell)(PAFile file);
    void    (*FClose)(PAFile);
} projFileAPI;

/* procedure prototypes */

vtklibproj_EXPORT
projXY pj_fwd(projLP, projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projLP pj_inv(projXY, projPJ);

vtklibproj_EXPORT
projXYZ pj_fwd3d(projLPZ, projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projLPZ pj_inv3d(projXYZ, projPJ);

vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_transform( projPJ src, projPJ dst, long point_count, int point_offset,
                  double *x, double *y, double *z );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_datum_transform( projPJ src, projPJ dst, long point_count, int point_offset,
                        double *x, double *y, double *z );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_geocentric_to_geodetic( double a, double es,
                               long point_count, int point_offset,
                               double *x, double *y, double *z );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_geodetic_to_geocentric( double a, double es,
                               long point_count, int point_offset,
                               double *x, double *y, double *z );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_compare_datums( projPJ srcdefn, projPJ dstdefn );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_apply_gridshift( projCtx, const char *, int,
                        long point_count, int point_offset,
                        double *x, double *y, double *z );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_deallocate_grids(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_clear_initcache(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_is_latlong(projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_is_geocent(projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_get_spheroid_defn(projPJ defn, double *major_axis, double *eccentricity_squared);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_pr_list(projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_free(projPJ);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_set_finder( const char *(*)(const char *) );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_set_searchpath ( int count, const char **path );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projPJ pj_init(int, char **);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projPJ pj_init_plus(const char *);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projPJ pj_init_ctx( projCtx, int, char ** );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projPJ pj_init_plus_ctx( projCtx, const char * );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
char *pj_get_def(projPJ, int);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projPJ pj_latlong_from_proj( projPJ );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void *pj_malloc(size_t);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_dalloc(void *);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void *pj_calloc (size_t n, size_t size);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void *pj_dealloc (void *ptr);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
char *pj_strerrno(int);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int *pj_get_errno_ref(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
const char *pj_get_release(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_acquire_lock(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_release_lock(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_cleanup_lock(void);

vtklibproj_EXPORT
projCtx pj_get_default_ctx(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projCtx pj_get_ctx( projPJ );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_set_ctx( projPJ, projCtx );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projCtx pj_ctx_alloc(void);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void    pj_ctx_free( projCtx );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_ctx_get_errno( projCtx );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_ctx_set_errno( projCtx, int );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_ctx_set_debug( projCtx, int );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_ctx_set_logger( projCtx, void (*)(void *, int, const char *) );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_ctx_set_app_data( projCtx, void * );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void *pj_ctx_get_app_data( projCtx );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_ctx_set_fileapi( projCtx, projFileAPI *);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projFileAPI *pj_ctx_get_fileapi( projCtx );

vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_log( projCtx ctx, int level, const char *fmt, ... );
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void pj_stderr_logger( void *, int, const char * );

/* file api */
vtklibproj_EXPORT
projFileAPI *pj_get_default_fileapi();

vtklibproj_EXPORT
PAFile pj_ctx_fopen(projCtx ctx, const char *filename, const char *access);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
size_t pj_ctx_fread(projCtx ctx, void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb, PAFile file);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
int    pj_ctx_fseek(projCtx ctx, PAFile file, long offset, int whence);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
long   pj_ctx_ftell(projCtx ctx, PAFile file);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
void   pj_ctx_fclose(projCtx ctx, PAFile file);
vtklibproj_EXPORT
char  *pj_ctx_fgets(projCtx ctx, char *line, int size, PAFile file);

vtklibproj_EXPORT
PAFile pj_open_lib(projCtx, const char *, const char *);

vtklibproj_EXPORT
int pj_run_selftests (int verbosity);

#define PJ_LOG_NONE        0
#define PJ_LOG_ERROR       1
#define PJ_LOG_DEBUG_MAJOR 2
#define PJ_LOG_DEBUG_MINOR 3

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* ndef PROJ_API_H */


Q:

How to group Array of Dictionaries by a key in swift?

For example, I have this array of dictionaries
 [["Country":"Egypt","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"],["Country":"Palestine","Name":"Omar","Age":"15"],["Country":"Egypt","Name":"Ali","Age":"40"],["Country":"Jordan","Name":"Ahmad","Age":"25"],["Country":"Palestine","Name":"Amani","Age":"30"],["Country":"Jordan","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"]]

I want to group them by Country to become
  {"Egypt": [{"Country":"Egypt","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"} {"Country":"Egypt","Name":"Ali","Age":"40"}],
   "Palestine": [{"Country":"Palestine","Name":"Amani","Age":"30"},{"Country":"Palestine","Name":"Omar","Age":"15"}],
   "Jordan":[{"Country":"Jordan","Name":"Ahmad","Age":"25"},{"Country":"Jordan","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"}]
}

Please help.

A:

Swift has a nice function that does this for you...
let people = [["Country":"Egypt","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"],["Country":"Palestine","Name":"Omar","Age":"15"],["Country":"Egypt","Name":"Ali","Age":"40"],["Country":"Jordan","Name":"Ahmad","Age":"25"],["Country":"Palestine","Name":"Amani","Age":"30"],["Country":"Jordan","Name":"Mustafa","Age":"20"]]

let peopleByCountry = Dictionary(grouping: people, by: { $0["Country"]! } )

peopleByCountry will now be the format that you want.
You can read more about this function in the documentation.
Just to add to Hamish's comment.
You really shouldn't be working with Dictionaries here. You should be working with Structs...
struct Person {
    let countryName: String
    let name: String
    let age: Int
}

Even better would be to have a Country struct...
struct Country {
    let name: String
}

and use that in the Person for their country property instead of String.


# Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0

class ApiClientAuthorization < ArvadosBase
  def editable_attributes
    %w(expires_at default_owner_uuid)
  end
  def self.creatable?
    false
  end
end


Ron Burgundy, the classy and fictional news anchor played by Will Ferrell, is seriously helping the sales of Dodge Durangos.

Since the ads first began playing, Durango sales have increased by 59%, and web traffic has jumped 80%. Dodge has made 70 ads featuring the heavily mustached local-news anchor. The ad campaign coincides with the release of Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues, which will hit theaters on Dec. 20.

Don't act like you're not impressed.

Image: YouTube, Dodge

This article originally published at NowThis News here


 the second derivative of -3*a**2 + 4*a - a**2 + 4*a**2 + 7*a**5 wrt a?
140*a**3
Let s(i) = -i**2 + 5*i + 14. Let v be s(7). Let k(m) be the first derivative of -1/3*m**3 - m + v*m**2 + 2. What is the first derivative of k(y) wrt y?
-2*y
Let d = 13 - 7. Find the third derivative of c**3 - 4*c**3 + 4*c**2 + d*c**3 wrt c.
18
Let y = -6 + 8. Find the first derivative of -2 - 5 + 3 + f**y wrt f.
2*f
Let d(g) be the first derivative of -8*g + 1 + 4*g - 2*g**2 + 0. What is the derivative of d(a) wrt a?
-4
Let s(b) = b**3 - 8*b**2 - 3. Let j(w) = -w**2 - 1. Let i(u) = 3*j(u) - s(u). Find the third derivative of i(h) wrt h.
-6
Let s(f) be the first derivative of -4*f**3 - f**2/2 - 2. What is the second derivative of s(a) wrt a?
-24
Suppose o + 2*o = 0. Let m(j) be the first derivative of o*j - 1/3*j**3 + 0*j**4 + 0*j**2 + 1 - 2/5*j**5. Find the third derivative of m(a) wrt a.
-48*a
Let z(d) be the second derivative of -d**8/280 - d**5/40 - d**3/3 - 3*d. Let h(o) be the second derivative of z(o). Find the second derivative of h(u) wrt u.
-72*u**2
Let v(f) = f**4 - f**2 - f + 1. Let w(c) = -4*c**2 - c**2 + 0*c**2 - 5*c + 4*c**4 + 8. Let m(a) = 5*v(a) - w(a). Find the first derivative of m(k) wrt k.
4*k**3
Let y(r) = r - 1. Let j(s) = 2*s**2 + 7*s + 2. Let l(c) = -j(c) - 2*y(c). Find the second derivative of l(a) wrt a.
-4
Let p = 13 + -10. Find the third derivative of -2*i**5 + 40 - 40 + p*i**2 wrt i.
-120*i**2
Let i(a) be the first derivative of 2*a - 2*a + 3 - 3*a + 4*a**2 - 2*a**2. What is the derivative of i(y) wrt y?
4
Let r(v) = 1 - 2*v - 3 + 5*v. Let p(y) = -5*y + 3. Suppose 2*d + 7 = d. Let f(l) = d*r(l) - 4*p(l). Differentiate f(q) with respect to q.
-1
Let i = 97 - 95. Let y be (-3)/1*4/(-6). What is the first derivative of f**i - 3 + y + 0*f**2 wrt f?
2*f
Suppose 0*a = -5*a + 10. Let q = 5 - -1. Find the third derivative of 5*x**2 - x**a - x**2 - 4*x**q + x**6 wrt x.
-360*x**3
Let c(p) = -4*p**3 + 11*p**2 + 3*p - 3. Let w(o) = 4*o**3 - 12*o**2 - 4*o + 4. Let g(a) = 4*c(a) + 3*w(a). Find the third derivative of g(j) wrt j.
-24
Let u = 1 + 0. What is the derivative of 4 - 2*s + u - 3 wrt s?
-2
Let z = -1 + 5. Differentiate z*r**3 + 1 + 3 - 6*r**3 + 0*r**3 wrt r.
-6*r**2
Let w(a) be the first derivative of 7*a**6/30 + a**3/3 + 9*a - 4. Let k(p) be the first derivative of w(p). Find the second derivative of k(f) wrt f.
84*f**2
Let n(x) = -x**3 + x**2 + x. Let d(b) = 21*b**3 + 2*b**2 + 3*b. Let h(u) = -d(u) + 2*n(u). Find the second derivative of h(o) wrt o.
-138*o
Find the second derivative of 61*u + 13*u**2 - 94*u + 59*u - u**3 wrt u.
-6*u + 26
Let y = 2 + 0. Find the third derivative of 4*o**2 - 4*o**2 + 2*o**2 - 4*o**y - o**3 wrt o.
-6
Let o(f) be the first derivative of -6*f**5/5 - f**3 + 3. Find the third derivative of o(q) wrt q.
-144*q
Find the first derivative of 19 - 51 + 22*l + 29 wrt l.
22
Let w(m) be the first derivative of m**6/40 - m**3/6 - m**2/2 - 3. Let p(u) be the second derivative of w(u). Differentiate p(v) wrt v.
9*v**2
Let r(a) be the first derivative of a**8/240 + a**6/72 - 3*a**3 - 4. Let p(i) be the third derivative of r(i). Find the third derivative of p(u) wrt u.
168*u
Let n(t) be the first derivative of 0*t + 0*t**4 - 8/3*t**3 + 1 + 0*t**2 + 0*t**5 + 2/3*t**6. Find the third derivative of n(s) wrt s.
240*s**2
Suppose -2 = 2*x, 4*t + 4*x = -x + 3. Differentiate 2*c**t + 3 + 2*c - 2*c - 3*c**2 wrt c.
-2*c
Let f(n) = 28*n**4 - 12*n**3 - 12*n + 28. Let i(t) = 11*t**4 - 5*t**3 - 5*t + 11. Let z(v) = -5*f(v) + 12*i(v). Differentiate z(l) with respect to l.
-32*l**3
Suppose -4*r + 9 = 1. What is the derivative of -2 + w**r + 4 + 4*w**2 wrt w?
10*w
Let l(c) be the third derivative of c**9/1008 + c**5/30 - 2*c**3/3 - c**2. Let w(h) be the first derivative of l(h). Find the second derivative of w(a) wrt a.
60*a**3
Let r(n) be the second derivative of -n**6/180 + n**4/24 + 5*n**3/6 - 3*n. Let s(y) be the second derivative of r(y). Differentiate s(p) wrt p.
-4*p
Let j(b) be the first derivative of -2*b**3 - 3*b + 4. What is the first derivative of j(g) wrt g?
-12*g
Suppose 0 + 6 = 2*y. Differentiate t**2 + 2*t**3 + t**y - t**2 - 1 wrt t.
9*t**2
Let r(z) = -z**3 - 5*z**2 - 2*z - 7. Let f be r(-5). Suppose 2 = u + 1. What is the first derivative of j**4 + 0*j**f + 0*j**3 + u wrt j?
4*j**3
Let i(g) be the second derivative of 1/4*g**4 + 4*g + 0 + 0*g**3 + 2*g**2. Find the first derivative of i(r) wrt r.
6*r
Let d(k) be the first derivative of -2*k**3 - 21*k**2/2 - 1. Find the second derivative of d(y) wrt y.
-12
Suppose 0 = -h + 23 + 25. What is the third derivative of -2*n**2 + n**2 + h*n**4 - 51*n**4 wrt n?
-72*n
What is the third derivative of 14*j**2 + 9 + 6*j**3 - 9 + 0*j**3 wrt j?
36
Let x(z) = z**5 + z**3 + z. Let l(d) = 6*d**5 + d**3 + d**2 + d. Suppose 0 = -i - 1. Let r(s) = i*x(s) + l(s). What is the third derivative of r(b) wrt b?
300*b**2
What is the derivative of 44*g**2 + 3 + 5*g**4 - 44*g**2 wrt g?
20*g**3
Let n(w) be the first derivative of 4*w**6/3 + 9*w**2/2 + 16. Find the second derivative of n(h) wrt h.
160*h**3
Let f = 10 - 5. Suppose f*v - 1 = -2*a, -12 = -3*a - v + 4*v. What is the derivative of -3*r**3 + 0*r**a + r**3 + 0 - 2 wrt r?
-6*r**2
Let i(o) = -o**2 + 5*o + 4. Let m be i(5). Suppose 0 = p - m. Find the second derivative of 3*n**5 + 3*n - p*n - n**5 wrt n.
40*n**3
Let u(c) = c**3 + 5*c**2 - 3*c - 10. Let w be u(-5). Find the second derivative of -118 + w*s**3 - 4*s + 118 wrt s.
30*s
Let c(t) = -t. Let q(n) = n**5 + 6*n. Suppose 11 + 4 = -5*l. Let i = l + 24. Let o(w) = i*c(w) + 3*q(w). Find the second derivative of o(u) wrt u.
60*u**3
What is the second derivative of -5*a - 7*a**5 + 4*a**5 - 3*a**5 + 9*a wrt a?
-120*a**3
Let p(f) be the first derivative of 2*f**6 + 13*f**2/2 + 11. Find the second derivative of p(c) wrt c.
240*c**3
Let b(y) = -36*y**3 - 33*y - 3. Suppose -5*j = -0*j + 330. Let h(t) = t**3 + t. Let c(s) = j*h(s) - 2*b(s). Differentiate c(q) wrt q.
18*q**2
Let u(g) = -g**3 - 5*g**2 + 5*g - 3. Let h be u(-6). What is the second derivative of k + 2*k**3 + 3*k**h + 0*k**3 - k**3 wrt k?
24*k
Suppose 0 = t + 2*u - 1, -u = -4*t - 2*u + 25. What is the derivative of 3 - t + 0 + 2*f**3 wrt f?
6*f**2
Let m = 5 - 1. What is the third derivative of 13*y - 2*y**m - 13*y - 2*y**2 wrt y?
-48*y
Let c be (-118)/40 + (-5 - -8). Let v(i) be the second derivative of 0 - c*i**5 + i - i**2 + 0*i**4 + 0*i**3. Differentiate v(p) wrt p.
-3*p**2
What is the derivative of -6*i + 8*i**2 - 2 + 11*i - 5*i wrt i?
16*i
Let c(y) = -2*y + 11. Let n(f) be the second derivative of f**3 - 16*f**2 + 10*f. Let a(q) = -17*c(q) - 6*n(q). Differentiate a(p) wrt p.
-2
Let k(z) = -22*z**4 - 12*z**2 - 100. Let d(o) = -9*o**4 - 5*o**2 - 40. Let u(s) = 12*d(s) - 5*k(s). Find the first derivative of u(q) wrt q.
8*q**3
Find the first derivative of -10*x**2 - 6 - 7 + 2*x**2 + x**2 wrt x.
-14*x
Let s(g) = -5*g**3 - g**2. Let z(l) = -3*l**3. Let u(x) = -x**2 - 1. Let r be u(2). Let c(y) = r*z(y) + 2*s(y). What is the third derivative of c(o) wrt o?
30
Suppose -4*w + 4 = -4*t, 23 = -w - 2*t - 3*t. Let i = w + 5. Find the third derivative of -2*y**4 + 2*y**2 - 4*y**i + y**2 wrt y.
-48*y
Let o(n) = 27*n**4 - 9*n**3 + 33*n**2. Let m(r) = 13*r**4 - 5*r**3 + 16*r**2. Let w(c) = 9*m(c) - 5*o(c). Find the third derivative of w(u) wrt u.
-432*u
Differentiate -2 - 8*a**2 + 2 - 5 with respect to a.
-16*a
Let o = -8 + 11. Let t = 13 + -9. What is the first derivative of -4 + 4*n - o - n + t wrt n?
3
Let l = 62 + -41. Suppose -9 = 3*m - l. Find the third derivative of 3*q - 3*q + 2*q**2 + q**m wrt q.
24*q
Let m = -62 + 66. Let y(z) be the first derivative of -1/4*z**m + 0*z**2 + 0*z - 2/3*z**3 + 2. Find the third derivative of y(p) wrt p.
-6
Let s(u) = 1 - 6 + 0. Let h(p) = 1. Let f(k) = -11*h(k) - 2*s(k). Let z(x) = -4*x**2 + 3. Let i(l) = -6*f(l) - z(l). Find the first derivative of i(b) wrt b.
8*b
Let b(d) = 36*d**3 - 12*d**2 - 25*d. Let y(o) = 18*o**3 - 5*o**2 - 12*o. Let l(a) = 2*b(a) - 5*y(a). What is the third derivative of l(s) wrt s?
-108
Find the second derivative of 3*m + 4*m**3 - 4*m**3 + 3*m**3 wrt m.
18*m
Let p(g) be the first derivative of -g**6/3 - g**2/2 - 5. Find the second derivative of p(x) wrt x.
-40*x**3
Let u(q) be the first


Q:

Numerical evaluation of zeta function $\zeta(-1)=1+2+3+\cdots= -1/12$

I'm learning special functions by programming them, largely for fun. This post discussed why or how $\zeta(-1)=-1/12$, while my interest is how to numerically evaluate the zeta function at -1 and other points on $\mathbb{R}$.
Corresponding to the definition of Riemann zeta function
$$
\zeta(z)= \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-z}
$$
where $n^{a+bi}=n^a[\cos(b \ln n)+i\sin (b \ln n)]$, my codes read:
public static double[] R_powerZ(double n, double[] v){
    double a=v[0];
    double b=v[1];
    double theta= b* Math.log(n);
    double[] c={ Math.cos(theta), Math.sin(theta)};
    return M.scale(c,  Math.pow(n, a));
}

public static double[] zeta(double[] tau, int interation) {
    double[] re = new double[2];
    for (int i = 1; i <= interation; i++) {
        double[] v = R_powerZ(i, M.scale( tau ,-1));
        M._add(re, v);
    }
    return re;
}

Let $z=-1$ and $n=50$, the numerical result is (1275,0). I can see that the value will increase when n increases, does it means that the series is divergent when $z=-1$?. I also tried $\zeta(-0.99999)=(1274.9563...,0)$ which indicates that the function is continuous around -1.
Such numerical evaluation is far from the result of $\zeta(-1)=1+2+3+\cdots=-1/12$. Further, it's crazy to get a negative value from this summation!
I read this old post. Partially convinced by the proof there, my question is: is there a constructive way (by programming, by literal summation as the definition the zeta function) to calculate the value of $\zeta(z)$? If not, why we need a definition of $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-z}$ at all?
Put it differently, how to get a good approximation of the zeta function by programming from scratch? This post did not explain any experiments (e.g. physical experiments or numeric algorithms) from which the value of the zeta function can be measured.
A convenient formula from wiki page is using Bernoulli number
$$
\zeta(2n)= \frac{(-1)^{n+1} B_{2n}(2\pi)^{2n}}{2 (2n)!}
$$
for positive even integer, and for nonpositive integer
$$
\zeta(-n)= (-1)^n\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1}
$$
both give the "right" results of $\zeta(0)$ and $\zeta(-1)$. But how can the two formula comply with the original definition $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-z}$?
Then I tried a 'globally' convergent series
$$
\zeta(z)=\frac{1}{1-2^{1-s}} \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^{n+1}} \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k} \frac{-1^k}{(k+1)^s}
$$
from the wiki page, the corresponding codes yield this image (the color denotes the argument)

Hopefully I am on the right direction.

A:

Numerical evaluation of special functions is a big subject — simply plugging in numbers into the simplest things often gives poor results.
Trying to estimate $\zeta(-1)$ by the partial sums of this series should be expected to give especially poor results — the limit of its partial sums only exists when $\mathrm{Re}(z) > 1$, and $z= -1$ does not have that property.
Similarly, estimating $-1/12$ by the partial sums of the series $1 + 2 + 3 + \ldots$ is also doomed to failure; the summation used here is not "limit of partial sums", it is "zeta regularization", so you should not expect partial sums to have anything to do with the value of the sum.
Wikipedia gives a great many formulas and identities that $\zeta(z)$ satisfies. All of the infinite sums on the wikipedia page, I believe, are the ordinary "limit of partial sums" meaning, so you can use partial sums to estimate the value.


Q:

angular2 component lifecycle

I am passing an array into my component like so;
 <app-bar-chart-demo [chartLabelObject]="['2006', '2007', '2008', '2009', '2010', '2011', '2012']"></app-bar-chart-demo>

I am retrieving that array in the component like so
    @Component({
...
      inputs:['chartLabelObject']
    })

I am then setting a variable to its value like so
    export class BarChartDemoComponent {
     ...
      barChartLabels:string[] = this.chartLabelObject;
...//and doing stuff with it
}

However it appears that it is 'undefined' at the point i use it.If i log its value in response to a button being pressed i see it is set, if i put it into the start of the 'export class' or below in the 'constructor' it is not set!
Where should i set the 'barChartLabels:string[]'?

A:

Every change to an input property triggers a call to ngOnChanges on the component. This is where you should set your barChartLabels property.
@Component({
  ...
  inputs:['chartLabelObject']
})
export class BarChartDemoComponent implements OnChanges {
  barChartLabels:string[];

  constructor() { }

  ngOnChanges(changes){
      if(changes["chartLabelObject"]){
          this.barChartLabels = this.chartLabelObject;
      }
  }
}

You could also clean up your logic a bit and just have the input map directly to your input by using the @Input decorator like so:
@Component({
  ...
})
export class BarChartDemoComponent {
  @Input('chartLabelObject') barChartLabels:string[];

  constructor() { }
}


Hot Sugar's Cold World

Hot Sugar's Cold World is a 2015 American documentary film about musician Hot Sugar (Nick Koenig), directed by Adam Bhala Lough. It is executive produced by David Gordon Green, Jody Hill, and Danny McBride. It features appearances from Neil deGrasse Tyson, Martin Starr, Jim Jarmusch, and former members of Das Racist.

The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 16, 2015. It was released in theaters on November 6, 2015. It received an honorable mention at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

Plot
The film follows the life of musician Nick Koenig, better known as Hot Sugar. He creates his music by using the sounds around him. Having broken up with rapper girlfriend Kitty, he goes to Paris in search of unique sounds.

Cast
 Hot Sugar
 Heems
 Kool A.D.
 Shelby Fero
 Martin Starr
 Jim Jarmusch
 Neil deGrasse Tyson

Reception
Michael-Oliver Harding of Exclaim! gave the film an 8 out of 10, saying: "In more ways than one, Lough's unobtrusive though eye-opening portrait of Hot Sugar celebrates the free radical pursuits of a true artist." Stuart Brown of British Film Institute wrote, "we're given a rare insight into this sonic wanderer's highly unusual and absorbing approach to making music." Ethan Alter of Film Journal International described the film as "a fascinating portrait of love in the social-media age." Aaron Zorgel of Complex included the film on the "10 Music Documentaries You Need to See at HotDocs" list.

The film received an honorable mention at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

References

External links

Category:English-language films
Category:American documentary films
Category:2010s documentary films
Category:2015 films
Category:Films directed by Adam Bhala Lough
Category:Documentary films about music and musicians
Category:American films


Bikes and baptisms: one Ukrainian couple’s journey

Nestled in the mountains of western Ukraine, the small town of Khust boasts some of the country’s greatest mountain biking trails. Tourists from all over the world come to experience the region’s beauty. For Lesya Login, a native of Khust, biking is a deep passion—something she and her husband, Nicholai, dreamed of sharing with others.

Early in their marriage, Lesya worked as a coach at a school while Nicholai worked as a bike repairman. They dreamed of one day starting their own business selling bikes. After Lesya purchased and sold several bikes to test out their idea, she was convinced that the business would work—but the Logins lacked the capital needed to get it off the ground.

As Lesya sought a solution, commercial banks repeatedly denied her loan applications, doubtful that someone so young—just 22 years old at the time—and with no business experience would be able to repay. Determined, Lesya continued to search for a bank that would give her a loan. That’s when their neighbor, Michael, told Lesya and Nicholai about the organization he worked for: HOPE Ukraine.

“Our passion will become our work.”

Several years before, Michael had shared his faith with Lesya. Curious, Lesya began attending Michael’s church, and she came to know Christ as her Savior. As Lesya’s faith began to grow, Nicholai came to know Christ as well, and the two were baptized in 2005. Three years later, as Lesya shared her business dream with Michael, he suggested she join HOPE Ukraine.

“Choosing to take the loan was pivotal for me,” Lesya shares. “I was full of excitement to have my dream come true—that our passion would become our work.”

With her first loan from HOPE Ukraine, Lesya purchased a few bicycles, renting them to tourists. As they started making a profit, Lesya rented a space for her store so it could gain more visibility. Nicholai also offered bicycle maintenance, allowing them to continue serving previous clients.

In 2016, the Logins wanted to take their business a step further by purchasing a second retail shop and creating their own brand. But to do this, they needed a larger loan than HOPE Ukraine was able to provide.

Adapting to meet clients’ needs

Like Lesya, some entrepreneurs in middle-income countries grow their businesses to the point that they need larger loans than microfinance institutions can provide, but they still aren’t big enough to qualify for commercial banks. Dubbed “the missing middle,” these business owners can’t continue to grow, which stifles their ability to employ more people and meet local market needs. To meet these needs, HOPE Ukraine has piloted a small and medium enterprise (SME) program for trusted clients with a strong history of repayment, disbursing larger loans so these clients can continue to advance.

Today, with an SME loan and additional training, the Logins’ business includes two locations, their own brand, and several employees. They also have expanded to sell athletic clothing and other accessories.

Seeing a lifelong dream come true, Lesya and Nicholai are sharing their love of biking with others. “When God gives, we are called to give back,” Lesya says. In partnership with their church, they organize an annual bike ride for children, allowing families to connect with their church. They’ve also created a bicycle club for youth, helping them stay away from alcohol or drugs by giving them goals to work toward.

Lesya shares:

I feel positive about the future. I am full of excitement and hope. I have lots of dreams; I always like to keep on moving and achieve something. My dream is to never stop growing.

Over the past 20 years, thousands of faithful HOPE partners have also followed Christ’s call to come alongside those who are suffering. In celebration of HOPE’s 20th anniversary, we invite you to support HOPE’s work in Ukraine, where over 700 entrepreneurs like Lesya are served. Give here.

HOPE Intl

As Christ’s followers responding to His great love, HOPE International seeks physical, social, spiritual, and personal restoration in places of brokenness. Through Christ-centered microenterprise development, we empower men and women to strengthen their families, build their businesses, and unleash their dreams.


Characteristics of procarbazine as an inhibitor in-vitro of rat semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase.
Procarbazine (N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methyl hydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride) inhibited more powerfully the deamination of benzylamine by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) of rat brown adipose tissue than the deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine and benzylamine by rat liver monoamine oxidase-A or -B activities, respectively. Inhibition of SSAO, but not monoamine oxidase, was time-dependent. Use of metabolic inhibitors, and an enzyme dilution technique, suggested that any conversion of procarbazine to an active species must be as a result of the action of SSAO itself and not of any other enzyme. The non-competitive kinetics and the time-dependence of inhibition were indicative of a suicide interaction between procarbazine and SSAO. The slow reversal of inhibition by dialysis was evidence in favour of the involvement of tight binding, rather than covalent bonding. High concentrations of benzylamine afforded the enzyme significant protection from the action of procarbazine, indicating that the interaction is at or near the active site. If the properties of procarbazine, evident in in-vitro studies, are retained in-vivo, these data suggest that procarbazine might be suitable for the examination of SSAO activities, both in-vivo and ex-vivo.


Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor receptor 1, and microvascular density in gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health burden with poor treatment outcome. New treatment modalities that target inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis have been used in various cancers, including gastric cancer. We sought to study the pattern of expression of two important proteins, cyclooxygenase-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, and their association with microvascular density, clinicopathological features, and survival in Arab Omani patients with gastric cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors were studied by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and CD34. The immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. In our study population, we found a male/female ratio of 72:43, a median age of 59 years, stage III and IV incidence of 66.9%, and a median follow-up of 96 months. Positive expression rates of cyclooxygenase-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor were 89.6 and 23.5%, respectively. The median microvascular density value was 52.5. When this value was determined as the cut-off point, 50% of patients were found to have high microvascular density. Epidermal growth factor receptor over-expression correlated with high microvascular density values, advanced lymph node involvement (N3), and TNM stage presentation (III and IV). Similarly, lymph node involvement was associated with cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression and high microvascular density. Univariate analysis showed that epidermal growth factor receptor over-expression, pathological T3 and T4 disease, and overall stage III and IV disease were adverse prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model, expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, and advanced TNM stage were significant adverse prognostic factors for overall survival. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in Arab Omani patients with gastric cancer correlates with aggressive tumor characteristics and is an independent prognostic factor. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the utility of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry as a tool for gastric cancer treatment.


Joseph Made

Joseph Mtakwese Made is a Zimbabwean politician who served as Minister of Agriculture.

Political career
He was the Minister of Agriculture before being moved to the position of Minister of Agriculture Mechanization, with Rugare Gumbo replacing him as Minister of Agriculture.  Made has been accused of overseeing the destruction of the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe when he was minister.  Made also generated controversy blocking U.S. food aid to Zimbabwe during drought-induced food shortages citing concerns over genetically modified crops and the need to maintain a multi-million-dollar organic beef export agreement with Russia.

Made was nominated as ZANU-PF's candidate for the House of Assembly seat from Makoni West, a constituency in Manicaland, in the March 2008 parliamentary election. He was defeated by Webber Chinyadza of the Movement for Democratic Change, receiving 2,585 votes against 6,187 for Chinyadza.

When the national unity government was sworn in on February 13, 2009, Made became Minister of Agriculture again.  In 2009 the Canadian Parliament passed a law sanctioning the Zimbabwe government for corruption practices and restricted Canadian citizens and charities from engaging in economic activities with specific named members of the government including Joseph Made.

It was announced on November 27, 2017 that Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded Robert Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe following the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état, had dissolved the Cabinet of Zimbabwe and allowed only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe Mumbengegwi to remain as acting ministers of Finance and Foreign Affairs respectively until the appointment of a new cabinet.

References

Category:Living people
Category:ZANU–PF politicians
Category:Government ministers of Zimbabwe
Category:1954 births


Victorian Home Decor and Accessories Ideas

Victorian home decor has old world charming atmosphere in design and accessories to be decorated based on your own ideas in how to make Victorian home style. Victorian home design and decor along with accessories are available in several recommendations to choose from in best options just within your budget affordability to become home decorating styles. Victorian home design decor is one of the most popular decorating styles based on latest trends in featuring beauty, elegance along with functionality in a very significant way. It is included into old world home decorating themes that I dare to say about fine quality in featuring simplicity yet glamor at the same time.

Victorian Home Ideas

Victorian Home Decor for Sale

Victorian home bedroom tends to be classic yet glamor with rustic old world decorating styles to make sure in preserving warm and cozy atmosphere. Especially when it comes to Victorian home window valance that I dare to say about fine quality in preserving quite enchanting design and decor to create gorgeous ambiance when you are inside of bedroom to have fine quality of sleeping. Victorian home is taken for certain does awesome in featuring quite beautiful and enchanting decorating theme into home interior spaces. Just check on this post to get you the very best Victorian home decor recommendations on a budget to get you some inspiring references. There are some recommendations for Victorian home decorating ideas to choose from which best yet on a budget to become your significant references.

23 Inspiration Gallery from Victorian Home Decor and Accessories Ideas


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Hello ...I had my first trip to Japan 2 years ago for a month; Tanoshikatta desu !I stayed in Kashiwa for one week and intended buying knives but ran out of time.When young, I had a japanese clever with wooden handle. Smaller than the Chinese one I see around which are usually all steel. I would like a clever and a knife for preparing vegetables in watashi no daidokoro .O yoroshiku onegai shimasu . I do not cook meat but I do use fish.Please can you suggest what would be suitable .I do not want to buy the most expensive..sumimasen !Yours sincerely,OdetteGomen nasai for no Hiragana or Katakana .Thank you m..m

If you want a small cleaver I'm wondering if you would like a Nakiri? It has the same shape but it's much smaller and easier to handle. Also, I think it would be fun for you to have a hand made knife from a Japanese blacksmith. If you take a look at this section page full of nakiri knives there are a couple I like for you. Murata makes a good one and is affordable. So does Goko. http://www.chefknivestogo.com/nakiri-knives.html

Both of these knives are hand made and really fun to use. They're both carbon steel or clad with carbon steel edge so you need to dry the knife after you wash or use it so it won't rust.

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/** @file
  AsmReadCr3 function

  Copyright (c) 2006 - 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>
  SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent

**/

/**
  Reads the current value of the Control Register 3 (CR3).

  Reads and returns the current value of CR3. This function is only available
  on IA-32 and x64. This returns a 32-bit value on IA-32 and a 64-bit value on
  x64.

  @return The value of the Control Register 3 (CR3).

**/
UINTN
EFIAPI
AsmReadCr3 (
  VOID
  )
{
  __asm {
    mov     eax, cr3
  }
}


Au coeur de Luang Prabang

Ce matin là dès 7h, me voilà à déambuler dans les rues de Luang Prabang. J’aime me balader tôt le matin dans les villes, c’est pour moi le meilleur moment pour s’imprégner de la vie locale. En effet à cette heure-ci, la ville s’éveille, les locaux préparent leur magasins et vont au marché. Il y a de activité dans les monastères et la chaleur n’est pas encore trop présente dans les rues ce qui rend la promenade plus agréable. Bien que touristique, Luang Prabang est une très jolie ville qui mérite qu’on s’y perde la journée, entre temples et étroites ruelles.

Je prends le temps de m’arrêter et me pose quelques minutes pour observer les gens et la vie qui se déroule sous mes yeux.


Q:

Rendering mode set to Template for vector pdf in image catalogue, but UIImageView wont tint the image in a custom cell

I have migrated all my image files to the asset catalogue. All of them are pdf vectors of size 1x. They are set to render as a Template. They show up fine everywhere in size and in color. But there is this one custom TableView Cell from a xib that I has 6 UIImageView s linking to 6 of these images from the catalogue. Somehow they don't respect the tint color, neither default nor custom. Tried changing them programmatically but didn't work either. These same images show up fine in another tableview with static cells inside the main storyboard. I am not able to isolate the issue.
Interestingly, the tint shows up perfectly fine once the cell is selected and the selection is changed. Then it tends to show the tint as set in IB. Seems to be like a bug to me in xcode. The problem exists in both, simulator and device. Any help?
PS: Already searched StackOverflow and the answers are all to change the rendering mode to template, which it is that way already.
Image Catalogue

Storyboard

Image before selection

image after selection

A:

Template image is work for something like UIButton.image but not UIImageView.image .
You have to set UIImage AlwaysTemplate by yourself.
imageView.image = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"] imageWithRenderingMode:UIImageRenderingModeAlwaysTemplate];

And set rendering mode in imageAssets is not working in iOS 7.


/***********************************************************************
 * FXRuby -- the Ruby language bindings for the FOX GUI toolkit.
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2009 by Lyle Johnson. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * For further information please contact the author by e-mail
 * at "lyle@lylejohnson.name".
 ***********************************************************************/

/***********************************************************************
 * $Id: FXRbDCWindow.h 2372 2006-04-20 00:38:08Z lyle $
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifndef FXRBDCWINDOW_H
#define FXRBDCWINDOW_H

class FXRbDCWindow : public FXDCWindow {
#include "FXRbDCVirtuals.h"
public:
  /// Construct for painting in response to expose;
  /// This sets the clip rectangle to the exposed rectangle
  FXRbDCWindow(FXDrawable* drawable,FXEvent* event) : FXDCWindow(drawable,event){
    FXRbRegisterAppSensitiveObject(this);
    }

  /// Construct for normal drawing;
  /// This sets clip rectangle to the whole drawable
  FXRbDCWindow(FXDrawable* drawable) : FXDCWindow(drawable){
    FXRbRegisterAppSensitiveObject(this);
    }

  // Helper for FXDCWindow initialization block
  static VALUE endit(VALUE obj){
    FXDCWindow* dc=reinterpret_cast<FXDCWindow*>(DATA_PTR(obj));
    FXASSERT(dc!=0);
    dc->end();
    return Qnil;
    }

  // Mark dependencies for the GC
  static void markfunc(FXDCWindow* self);

  // Destructor
  virtual ~FXRbDCWindow(){
    FXTRACE((100,"FXRbDCWindow::~FXRbDCWindow() %p\n",this));
    FXRbUnregisterRubyObj(this);
    FXRbUnregisterAppSensitiveObject(this);
    }
  };

#endif


Davit Modzmanashvili

Davit Modzmanashvili () (born 9 November 1986) is a heavyweight freestyle wrestler from Georgia who since 2017 competes for Uzbekistan. He won a silver medal for Georgia at the 2012 Olympics and placed third at the 2011 World Championships.

After winning a European title in 2008, Modzmanashvili tested positive for a banned substance. He was stripped of his gold medal and received a two-year suspension.

In January 2019, Modzmanashvili tested positive for a prohibited substance of dehydrochlormethyltestosterone after stored samples from the 2012 Olympics were re-analysed. He was subsequently stripped of his Olympic silver medal.

References

Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Wrestlers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Male sport wrestlers from Georgia (country)
Category:Olympic wrestlers of Georgia (country)
Category:Olympic medalists in wrestling
Category:World Wrestling Championships medalists
Category:Wrestlers at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for Uzbekistan
Category:Asian Games medalists in wrestling
Category:Doping cases in wrestling
Category:Competitors stripped of Summer Olympics medals
Category:Sportspeople from Georgia (country) in doping cases
Category:Uzbekistani people of Georgian descent


global.order.push("b");


Q:

Legendre polynomials and Rodrigues' formula

Consider the function $$f_n(x)=(x^2-1)^n$$..........(20)
Differentiating this equation we get the second order differential equation, $$(1-x^2)f_n''+2(n-1)xf_n'+2nf_n=0$$..................(22)
We wish to differentiate this n times by use of Leibniz's formula, $$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}A(x)B(x)=\sum^n_{k=0}\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}\frac{d^kA}{dx^k}\frac{d^{n-k}B}{dx^{n-k}}$$......................(23)
Applying this to (22) we easily get $$(1-x^2)f_n^{(n+2)}-2xf_n^{(n+1)}+n(n+1)f_n^{(n)}=0$$......................................(24)
How to get to (24) from (23)&(22)? This is the source.

A:

$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[(1-x^2)f_n''+2(n-1)xf_n'+2nf_n]=0  $$
$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[(1-x^2)f_n'']+2(n-1)\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[xf_n']+2nf_n^{(n)}=0  \tag{1}$$
We wish to differentiate this n times by use of Leibniz's formula, $$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}A(x)B(x)=\sum^n_{k=0}\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}\frac{d^kA}{dx^k}\frac{d^{n-k}B}{dx^{n-k}} \tag{2}$$
Applying Leibniz's formula to each term in (1) separately
$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[(1-x^2)f_n'']=(1-x^2)f_n^{(n+2)}+n(1-x^2)'f_n^{(n+1)}+\frac{n(n-1)}{2}(1-x^2)''f_n^{(n)} $$
$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[(1-x^2)f_n'']=(1-x^2)f_n^{(n+2)}-2nxf_n^{(n+1)}-n(n-1)f_n^{(n)} \tag{3}$$
$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[xf_n']=xf_n^{(n+1)}+n(x)'f_n^{(n)} $$
$$\frac{d^n}{dx^n}[xf_n']=xf_n^{(n+1)}+nf_n^{(n)} \tag{4}$$
If we put the results (3) and (4) above in  (1)
You can get the desired result
$$(1-x^2)f_n^{(n+2)}-2xf_n^{(n+1)}+n(n+1)f_n^{(n)}=0$$


1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to extracting translations from translated texts, and in particular to extracting sentence translations from translated documents.
2. Description of the Related Art
Translation memories require the alignment of the sentences in a source document with the sentences in a translated version of the same document. These sentence/translation pairs serve as a starting point for human translation when the same sentence appears in a new version of the document that has to be translated again. Alignment on sentence level is also a prerequisite for the extraction of bilingual and multilingual lexical and terminological information from existing bilingual and multilingual documents.
Presently, several techniques have been developed for identifying the translation of individual sentences from translated documents. These techniques are based on sentence length criteria or on lexical information.
Length-based approaches are examples of knowledge-poor approaches which ignore most of the available information, except for the sentence length. These approaches have been successfully applied to documents of relatively high quality such as translations of political and legal texts. While these algorithms are rather simple in their structure and work quite fast, these approaches are known to be sensitive to noise, for instance in case of unreliable sentence segmentation due to OCR noise, or translations with long omissions. The length-based approaches do not work well in particular when sentence boundaries cannot be determined with high reliability. Moreover, these algorithms have a cost that grows with the product of the number of units to align. As these algorithms are based on straightforward dynamic programming techniques, the time and memory consumption grows with the product of the lengths of the given documents. Thus, when working on pairs of large documents, their space and memory requirement make them impractical, unless the data is previously manually decomposed into shorter units. That is, very long documents need to be manually split into shorter parts before they can be given to the alignment algorithm.
Techniques based on lexical information offer a high quality and more robustness, but at the price of increased computational complexity. These techniques are knowledge-rich approaches which use lexical information to obtain better alignments, and which at the same time extract lexical information from the texts to be aligned. The approaches mostly increase accuracy and robustness of the length-based approaches by taking into account some form of lexical information which is either built into the system (such as word similarities to exploit cognates and other invariant strings), acquired from external resources such as dictionaries, or extracted from the data being processed. The use of richer knowledge sources often comes at a considerable cost in efficiency, and typical processing speeds are in the order of one second per sentence pair which is not satisfactory for a system that is supposed to work on very large documents or document collections.


Contents

According to Aruna, her shapeshifting powers manifested when she was very young. Because of this her parents were never sure of her true gender. Her family were treated as Dalit (untouchables) the lowest rung of the ancient varnas class structure. She was orphaned while still very young, when her parents were abducted by two unknown men. She adopted the name Aruna (after Aruṇa, a male "Charioteer of the Sun" in Hindu mythology), and eventually became one of the top stunt persons in India due to her shapeshifting abilities.

After a young Indian actor is kidnapped from the streets of Gotham City, Batgirl and Batman travel to Mumbai, India, home of Bollywood, to solve the mystery of his abduction. The duo come into conflict with Aruna, a metahuman stuntwoman who is also looking for the boy, who was discovered to have been murdered by his own agent. The agent was motivated to do so by his own prejudiced beliefs after learning that his client came from a Dalit family.

At the conclusion of the story, Aruna decides to use her powers to fight for justice and stamp out intolerance.[1]


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed generally to a method and apparatus for sensing the depth of a tire tread, and more particularly, to a noninvasive method and apparatus for measuring a tread depth remaining on a tire while minimizing structural damage to the tire itself.
2. Description of Related Art
New tires are formed with a tread that includes channels through which water, snow and other environmental debris commonly found on roads can pass as the vehicle travels along a public roadway. By allowing the water to enter the channel, the amount of water passing between the roadway surface and an outermost tire surface is minimized, thereby reducing the tendency of the water to lift the vehicle from the roadway surface. Such channels are mandated on all tires to be installed on vehicles that are licensed to travel public roadways, and depending on the type of tire, come in a variety of depths, widths and patterns.
Tread depth is a vertical measurement between the outermost surface of the tire that will actually contact the roadway surface and the bottom surface of the tread's channels that is approximately parallel to the outermost surface of the tire. In the United States, tread depth is measured in increments of 1/32 of an inch to determine whether the tire is safe for use with a vehicle licensed to navigate public roadways. Traditionally, this measurement has required the partial insertion of a conventional ruler into the channel until a terminal end of the ruler contacts the bottom surface of that channel. The tread depth is then read by an onlooker viewing the ruler's scale extending out of the channel from the plane of the tire's outermost surface.
Measuring the tread depth of a tire with a ruler is difficult and inaccurate. Often the tire with the tread depth being measured is installed on a vehicle that is resting on the ground. Wheel wells, quarter panels and other body parts of the vehicle on which the tire is installed can obstruct the onlooker's view of the ruler, and can often interfere with the insertion of a lengthy ruler into the channel at a location from where it can be easily viewed by the onlooker making the measurement. Further, the fine 1/32 inch increments of the tread depth measurement and the inconsistent viewing angle of the onlooker onto the ruler from tire to tire often skew the subjective reading of the ruler by the onlooker. Such inaccuracies can result in the erroneous conclusion that a questionable tire is safe to travel along public roadways when, in reality, it is not.
Other devices for measuring tread depth rely less on the subjective reading of a ruler's scale than the use of a ruler does. For example, a tire tread depth gauge includes a single demarcation distinguishing an acceptable tread depth from an unacceptable tread depth. The gauge can be smaller than a ruler, thereby facilitating use of the gauge in cramped spaces where a ruler may not otherwise be useable. Further, the single marking on the gauge simplifies measurements and provides an objective determination as to whether the remaining tread depth of a tire is acceptable for continued use on a vehicle licensed to travel public roadways. One form of such a gauge is a U.S. Lincoln Penny. As a rule of thumb, when the Lincoln Penny is inserted into the channel head first and Lincoln's entire head is visible when observed from a plane of the tire's outermost surface, the tire's tread has been worn to approximately 2/32 of an inch, and is considered legally worn out in most States.
Although the use of a commercial gauge or simply a Lincoln Penny provides a more objective measurement tool than a ruler, it is still prone to inconsistencies that can lead to erroneous measurements. For example, the onlooker making the measurement may view the extent to which Lincoln's head is visible from a plane other than that which is in the plane of the tire's outermost surface. Thus, the same measurement can vary each time the measurement is performed. And regardless of the objectivity of the measurements made with a gauge or a ruler, measurement of a tire's tread depth with a gauge requires use of the vehicle on which the tire is installed to be discontinued for considerable periods of time for the inspection. Further, keeping records documenting tread wear is time consuming when the tread depth is manually measured with rulers and gauges. Tread wear records for each individual tire in such cases must be manually created and maintained, which also requires each tire to first be manually identified and distinguished from other tires that are to be inspected.
Attempts have been made to automate the measurement of a tire's tread depth. Such devices utilize many laser light sources and sensors positioned in an array to illuminate the outermost surface of the tire's tread, along with side wall profiles. The measurements performed by the array of lasers and sensors encompassed the entire circumference of the tire, and accordingly, required the tire to be removed from the vehicle and rotated by a dedicated stand positioned adjacent to the array of lasers and sensors. Such an arrangement is cumbersome, and makes inspection of tires provided to a fleet of vehicles impractical.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an apparatus for accurately and consistently measuring the tread depth of a tire. The apparatus can measure the remaining tread depth of the tire without physically contacting the tire with a measuring device, and can optionally identify and differentiate a plurality of tires from each other in addition to performing the tread depth measurement. Further, the apparatus can optionally measure the depth of a plurality of channels across a width of the tire's tread, and can optionally generate, maintain and update tire wear records automatically, without human intervention.


Q:

Removing Database from AlwaysOn Availability Group

I have a 2-node SQL Server AlwaysOn Availability Group.  When I execute this T-SQL command on the Primary server:
USE master
go
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP MyAG REMOVE DATABASE TestDB

it removes the TestDB from the Availability Group.  Everything looks fine on the Primary server.  However, on the Secondary replica, the TestDB has the status of "Restoring ..." next to it.   The database is inaccessible.  The status remains "Restoring..." for a while.  Looks like the only thing I could do is to drop it, which I did.
My question is: after I remove the DB from MyAG, what do I need to do to make the TestDB available for use again on the secondary replica?

A:

Simply run
RESTORE DATABASE TestDB WITH RECOVERY

on the secondary.


Q:

jQuery Cycle: 1 cycle, multiple pagers

Long time reader, first time poster. :)
I'm using the jQuery Cycle plugin, which can be downloaded here: http://jquery.malsup.com/cycle/
I got it working fine for the post part but a request has come in to have pager controls above and below the object that cycles.
It seems that the second pager doesn't get picked up on, either with highlighting the active panels pager link and clicking on the second pager controls just adds the "#" to the url in the address bar.
I saw this post:
stackoverflow.com/questions/1663974/using-multiple-pagers-in-jquery-cycle-plugin
which kind of makes sense but not sure why it would be any different from mine, the end result of mine can be seen here: http://dev02.web.lumens.demandware.net/on/demandware.store/Sites-Lumens-Site/default/Search-Show?cgid=brands if you scroll all the way to the bottom.
The html looks something like this: