410 F.Supp. 1256 (1976)
UNITED STATES of America
v.
Charles F. G. SMITH et al., Charles F. G. Smith, Movant.
Crim. No. 75-372.
United States District Court, E. D. Pennsylvania.
April 5, 1976.
*1257 Robert E. J. Curran, U. S. Atty., Jeffrey M. Miller, Asst. U. S. Atty., Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiff.
*1258 Robert F. Simone, Philadelphia, Pa., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
BECHTLE, District Judge.
Defendant Charles F. G. Smith was charged in a two-count indictment with conspiracy to smuggle Mexican gold coins into the United States and conspiracy to traffic in counterfeit obligations of the United States, both in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371. After a jury trial, Smith was found guilty as to both counts. Presently before the Court are Smith's motions for arrest of judgment[1] or, in the alternative, for a new trial. Smith moves for a new trial on the grounds that the Court: (1) failed to instruct the jury as to his theory of the defense; (2) failed to make a fair and impartial summary of the evidence in its charge to the jury; (3) abused its discretion by permitting the jury to have possession of the indictment during deliberations; and (4) improperly permitted a rebuttal by the Government during closing arguments despite the fact that Smith did not present a defense. For the reasons set forth below, the motions will be denied.
Only a brief synopsis of the facts is necessary to understand the issues raised herein. The evidence showed that on February 12, 1975, coconspirators Gene Harrow and Mario Papini[2] met with Mitchell Berger, a Government informant, at a diner located in Philadelphia. Papini mentioned the possibility of a deal whereby approximately 4900 Mexican gold coins could be purchased from two Mexican brothers, Juan and Armando Perez. At that time, the coins were physically located in Mexico. After that meeting, Berger contacted Dale Larson, a United States Secret Service agent, informing Larson of his meeting with Papini and Harrow and of the possibility that the proposed deal might in some way be illegal. Thereafter, Smith contacted Berger to inform him that the coins were still available and to set up a meeting for February 24, 1975, at the George Washington Motor Lodge located just outside the City of Philadelphia. At that meeting, Berger introduced Agent Larson to Smith, Harrow and Papini as Dale Bittel, an interested prospective buyer of the gold coins. The plan, as developed in that meeting and two subsequent meetings held on February 28 and March 4, 1975, as well as in numerous telephone conversations, was as follows: Larson was to purchase from Juan and Armando Perez, as arranged by Smith, Harrow and Papini, approximately 6900 Mexican gold coins and $500,000 in counterfeit obligations. The coins and counterfeit money were to be shipped in a large crate marked "furniture" from Mexico, through various Caribbean or Mediterranean ports, and into the United States. This method of shipment was designed to avoid customs inspection upon arrival in this country. Delivery was to be made on March 8, 1975, at a parking lot located at the corner of Routes 1 and 320 in Springfield, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. For reasons that are not entirely clear, nor particularly crucial, the coins and counterfeit money were never delivered and the deal was never consummated.

1. Theory of the defense.

Smith contends that the Court should have instructed the jury as to the theory *1259 of the defense. Essentially, that defense, as allegedly developed through both the direct and cross-examinations of Government witnesses, was that Papini, Harrow, Juan Perez and Armando Perez never intended to smuggle the coins and counterfeit money into the country. In other words, the entire scheme was allegedly set up, as stated in defendant's brief in support of post-trial motions, to "rip-off" the buyer, Agent Larson. If such were the case, Smith argues, even if he personally intended to carry out the plan, he could not be found guilty of conspiracy to smuggle the coins and counterfeit money since none of the other alleged conspirators ever intended to do the same.[3]
A defendant in a criminal case is entitled to have the jury instructed on any theory of defense for which there is any foundation in the evidence, however tenuous. United States v. Hillsman, 522 F.2d 454, 459 (7th Cir. 1975); United States v. Grant, 510 F.2d 137, 138-139 (5th Cir. 1975); United States v. Blair, 456 F.2d 514, 520 (3d Cir. 1972); United States v. Shewfelt, 455 F.2d 836 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 944, 92 S.Ct. 2042, 32 L.Ed.2d 331 (1972). The defendant need not testify or offer evidence or witnesses as a prerequisite to a court's instructing as to a theory of defense. Indeed, the foundation may rest upon evidence elicited from Government witnesses, either on direct or on cross-examination. See United States v. Vole, 435 F.2d 774 (7th Cir. 1970); United States v. Phillips, 217 F.2d 435 (7th Cir. 1955). However, such an instruction need not be given if it is completely devoid of evidentiary support or is based upon mere speculation. United States v. Waskow, 519 F.2d 1345, 1347 (8th Cir. 1975); United States v. Grant, supra, 510 F.2d at 139; United States v. Blair, supra, 456 F.2d at 520.
After a thorough examination of the record, the Court finds no foundation in the evidence to support Smith's "rip-off" theory of defense. The Court is not unmindful of the fact that Agent Larson testified, both on direct and cross-examination, of his concern about the possibility of being "ripped-off" by the Mexicans, Juan and Armando Perez. That testimony is subject to two different interpretations. One is that the Perezes never intended to smuggle the coins or counterfeit money into the country, but merely set up the scheme in order to "rip-off" the unsuspecting buyer, Agent Larson. The other is that they intended to smuggle the coins and counterfeit money into this country, using them as bait to steal the purchase money from Larson and actually sell them to someone else. Neither interpretation lends any support to Smith's theory that Papini and Harrow never intended to smuggle the coins and counterfeit money into the country. To have given an instruction to that effect would have been tantamount to instructing the jury on a theory of defense for which there was no foundation in the evidence, and would have distracted the jury from its important deliberating function of examining only the evidence by the interjection of idle speculation and frivolous considerations. See United States v. Blair, supra, 456 F.2d at 520. Accordingly, the motion *1260 for new trial on that ground will be denied.

2. Improper summary of evidence.

Smith contends that the Court failed to make a fair and impartial summary of the evidence in its charge to the jury. Specifically, he argues that the Court unduly highlighted the Government's evidence and ignored a great deal of evidence favorable to Smith, which was elicited on cross-examination of Government witnesses. In effect, he concludes, the Court's charge "presented the Government's final arguments."
The standard against which a charge to a jury must be measured is contained in Quercia v. United States, 289 U.S. 466, 469, 53 S.Ct. 698, 699, 77 L.Ed. 1321, 1325 (1933), wherein the Supreme Court stated:
In charging the jury, the trial judge is not limited to instructions of an abstract sort. It is within his province, whenever he thinks it necessary, to assist the jury in arriving at a just conclusion by explaining and commenting upon the evidence, by drawing their attention to the parts of it which he thinks important; and he may express his opinion upon the facts, provided he makes it clear to the jury that all matters of fact are submitted to their determination.
A trial judge's power to make comments is not boundless, however, as he or she may not unfairly prejudice a defendant. United States v. Green, 373 F.Supp. 149, 159 (E.D.Pa.), aff'd mem., 505 F.2d 731 (3d Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 978, 95 S.Ct. 1405, 43 L.Ed.2d 659 (1975). See United States v. Gaines, 450 F.2d 186, 188-192 (3d Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 405 U.S. 927, 92 S.Ct. 978, 30 L.Ed.2d 801 (1972).
A review of the Court's charge reveals that the jury was fairly and adequately instructed. Although some comments touching upon the evidence and the Government's theory of the case were made by the Court, it was done with the requisite impartiality. The Court at all times remained well within the bounds of fair comment. More importantly, the jury was instructed that it was the sole determiner of the facts (N.T. 5-16, 5-37 to 5-38, 5-46) and of the credibility of the witnesses (N.T. 5-33 to 5-34), and that it was at liberty to disregard all comments of the Court (N.T. 5-39).

3. Indictment during deliberations.

Smith contends that the Court abused its discretion by allowing the indictment to be sent out with the jury during its deliberations because the indictment contained specific words of taped telephone conversations "thereby invading the province of the jury."[4] We reject this contention.
It is well settled that allowing the jurors to have the indictment during their deliberations is within the sound discretion of the trial court, United States v. Tucker, 526 F.2d 279, 283 (5th Cir. 1976); United States v. Todaro, 448 F.2d 64, 66 (3d Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 1040, 92 S.Ct. 724, 30 L.Ed.2d 732 (1972); United States v. Stitt, 380 F.Supp. 1172, 1175 (W.D.Pa. 1974), aff'd mem., 510 F.2d 971 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 962, 95 S.Ct. 1949, 44 L.Ed.2d 448 (1975), "subject to a limiting instruction that the indictment does not constitute evidence, but is an accusation only." United States v. Todaro, supra, 448 F.2d at 66 (footnote omitted). The jury was so instructed.[5]

*1261 4. Order of closing arguments.

Smith contends that the order of closing arguments was improper since the Government was permitted rebuttal argument despite the fact that he elected not to present any defense. Prior to September 16, 1975, Local Criminal Rule 13(a) of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania provided that, if the defense produced no evidence, it was entitled to make last argument to the jury. However, on September 16, 1975, the Board of Judges for this district repealed Local Rule 13 in view of an amendment to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure which was to become effective on December 1, 1975. That amendment is now embodied in Fed.R.Crim.P. 29.1, which states: "After the closing of evidence the prosecution shall open the argument. The defense shall be permitted to reply. The prosecution shall then be permitted to reply in rebuttal." Even though Rule 29.1 did not become effective until this trial was over, this Court decided that it would apply that Rule during the period between September 16, 1975, and December 1, 1975. Smith's counsel was so informed at the close of the Government's case on Friday, October 31, 1975, of the new sequence of closing arguments and was, as Smith's counsel with commendable candor concedes,[6] given an opportunity to put Smith on the stand, as well as to present other evidence. Accordingly, the Court holds that Smith had adequate notice of the sequence of closing arguments and that he was not in any way prejudiced by that sequence.
An appropriate Order will be entered.
NOTES
[1]  A motion for arrest of judgment may only be raised on the grounds that (1) the indictment or information does not charge an offense; or (2) the court was without jurisdiction of the offense charged. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 34; 2 Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure: Criminal §§ 571-574 (1969). Since Smith asserts neither of these grounds, this motion will be denied. The Court notes, however, that one of Smith's arguments in support of the above motion is that there was insufficient evidence to sustain a conviction. Such a ground is properly advanced in support of a motion for judgment of acquittal. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 29(c). Assuming, arguendo, that Smith had filed a motion for judgment of acquittal, the Court would have no hesitancy in denying that motion. There was sufficient evidence to support a guilty verdict. See N.T. 4-109 to 4-110.
[2]  Harrow and Papini pled guilty to the charges in this case.
[3]  Smith's proposed supplemental point for charge reads as follows:

1. Before there can be a guilty verdict on a conspiracy charge the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that there were at least two participants. Since Larson and Berger were working for the government at all times material they can not be considered participants. Therefore you must be satisfied that either or both Harrow and Papini intended to smuggle gold coins or counterfeit money. If you are not satisfied that both Harrow and Papini did not (sic) intend to smuggle the coins or counterfeit money you must acquit the defendant Charles Smith.
The Court specifically instructed the jury that Larson and Berger could not be considered participants in the conspiracy since their intent was not to commit a crime. N.T. 5-26. However, the Court refused to instruct as to Smith's "rip-off" theory because there was a total lack of evidence that Harrow and Papini never intended to smuggle gold coins or counterfeit money into the country. N.T. 5-48 to 5-50.
[4]  See Defendant's Brief in Support of Post-Trial Motions at 7.
[5]  See N.T. 5-43, 5-55, 5-56. The Court specifically gave the jury the following instruction:

Firstly  I have said it several times; I will say it again  the indictment itself, even though it is lengthy, it is not evidence of what it says. You will have to find evidence if it exists from the testimony and the exhibits and the stipulations. You can't find any evidentiary matters in here. This is a guide to follow to see if the charges in here have been satisfied by the Government by convincing you beyond a reasonable doubt that the events that they have outlined in either count existed. So I repeat to you even though you are reading it and examining it and it is factual, it is not evidence.
N.T. 5-55.
[6]  The fact that Smith's counsel was notified that the Government would be given rebuttal time on Friday the 31st is not contained in the record. Counsel did relate to the Court at oral argument on the post-trial motions that he was so informed and that he was not trapped or hindered in presenting the case.


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a server device and a game program.
2. Description of Related Art
A game system capable of renting game content such as items to players has been known (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-94877).


Bethlehem restaurant bans smoking in campaign kickoff

When a giant papier-maché cigarette was broken Monday in Starfish Brasserie, the Bethlehem restaurant joined a growing number of eating places in the Lehigh Valley that are going smoke-free.

About half of the Lehigh Valley's restaurants ban smoking. And 118 Bethlehem area eateries prohibit patrons from puffing up.

Starfish owner Dick Barrows, whose father died of lung cancer, said he and his wife had toyed with the idea for years, but decided the timing was right with a growing number of states signing on to smoke-free workplaces.

"Many people have told us that they love our bar, but they can't stand the smoke," Barrows said at a news conference where the ceremonial cigarette was broken.

Barrows, city officials and nonsmoking advocates gathered at the restaurant to make the announcement to kick off the statewide "Stomping Out Big Tobacco" campaign. The initiative calls on advocates to collect 20,000 pairs shoes to display at the state Capitol in April. The shoes symbolize the number of adults who die of tobacco-related illness in Pennsylvania each year.

Mayor John Callahan, whose mother died after an eight-year battle with emphysema, applauded the efforts.

"I think it's a very positive sign for one of our leading restaurants on Restaurant Row to become totally smoke-free," Callahan said. "It is a good policy for work sites to provide a smoke-free environment for both their employees and their patrons."

Nonsmoking advocates say the Starfish is noteworthy because it has a bar.

"Sometimes restaurants are hesitant to go smoke-free when [they have] a bar," said Merry Casey of the Coalition for a Smoke-Free Valley.

But many are leaning in that direction. The Edge, a neighbor of Barrows' brasserie, had allowed smoking in one dining room and the bar. When too many tables were left empty in the smoking room, the Edge decided in January to kick the butts out of every dining room. Patrons can smoke only at the bar, but if they want to smoke cigars, they'll have to bring their own. The restaurant stopped selling them.

"People like to sit down at the bar with some expensive brandies and $20 cigars," said Fran Mantz, Edge general manager. "They can still do that, but we ask they not do that until after 9-9:30" p.m.

In Allentown, Youell's Oyster House decided to stop the smoking in the restaurant at 22nd and Walnut streets.

"The bar use to get quite smoky, very heavy smoke," owner Christian Filipos said. "There would be 25 people at the bar, and only four would be smoking."

The Coalition for a Smoke-Free Valley conducted a survey last year about the regulation of second-hand smoke. The survey found 75 percent of the 3,000 respondents preferred no smoking in restaurants.

Nationally, smoking in public places was recently banned in several states including New Jersey. New York City is smoke-free.

The Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights of Berkeley, Calif., says the U.S. economy loses about $10 billion a year in medical costs and lost wages to second-hand smoke. Smokers miss an average of 6.16 days of work, while nonsmokers take an average of 3.86 sick days each year, according to the group.

Still, the Starfish's Barrows knows that some customers may not embrace the smoking ban. One customer has said she'll never come back, though Barrows thinks she will relent.

In the meantime, Barrows said he will continue to wear some buttons Bethlehem Area Vocational Technical students made to put inside the giant cigarette: "The only thing we smoke here is salmon."


Cysteine biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans.
The existence of two postulated pathways of anabolic cysteine biosynthesis in Aspergillus midulans was investigated. No activities of the postulated pathway involving S-sulfocysteine as intermediate have been detected. Investigations on cyteine and methionine requiring mutants revealed independent regulation of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase by endogeneous cysteine and methionine pools. The reaction catalysed by O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase is postulated as the only anabolic pathway of cysteine biosynthesis in A. nidulans.


Related literature {#sec1}
==================

For the occurrence of the title compound in human breast milk and the fatty tissue of fish, see: Valdersnes *et al.* (2006[@bb12]). The title compound is the product of an esterification of 3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (AHTN---COOH) with methanol. For the synthesis of the acid, see: Kuhlich *et al.* (2010[@bb9]); Valdersnes *et al.* (2006[@bb12]). For the crystal structures of AHTN and AHTN--COOH, see: De Ridder *et al.* (1990[@bb5]) and Kuhlich *et al.* (2010[@bb9]), respectively. For the environmental occurrence and estrogenic activity of AHTN, see: Heberer (2003[@bb8]); Bitsch *et al.* (2002[@bb2]). For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975[@bb4]).

Experimental {#sec2}
============

 {#sec2.1}

### Crystal data {#sec2.1.1}

C~18~H~26~O~2~*M* *~r~* = 274.39Monoclinic,*a* = 11.5049 (11) Å*b* = 11.9482 (5) Å*c* = 12.1078 (13) Åβ = 102.612 (5)°*V* = 1624.2 (2) Å^3^*Z* = 4Cu *K*α radiationμ = 0.55 mm^−1^*T* = 193 K0.45 × 0.40 × 0.30 mm

### Data collection {#sec2.1.2}

Enraf--Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer5083 measured reflections3062 independent reflections2856 reflections with *I* \> 2σ(*I*)*R* ~int~ = 0.0473 standard reflections every 60 min intensity decay: 3%

### Refinement {#sec2.1.3}

*R*\[*F* ^2^ \> 2σ(*F* ^2^)\] = 0.054*wR*(*F* ^2^) = 0.152*S* = 1.033062 reflections216 parameters10 restraintsH-atom parameters constrainedΔρ~max~ = 0.29 e Å^−3^Δρ~min~ = −0.26 e Å^−3^

 {#d5e408}

Data collection: *CAD-4 Software* (Enraf--Nonius, 1989[@bb7]); cell refinement: *CAD-4 Software*; data reduction: *CORINC* (Dräger & Gattow, 1971[@bb6]); program(s) used to solve structure: *SIR97* (Altomare *et al.*, 1999[@bb1]); program(s) used to refine structure: *SHELXTL* (Sheldrick, 2008[@bb10]); molecular graphics: *PLATON* (Spek, 2009[@bb11]); software used to prepare material for publication: *PLATON*.

Supplementary Material
======================

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: [10.1107/S1600536811002601/zl2346sup1.cif](http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811002601/zl2346sup1.cif)

Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI: [10.1107/S1600536811002601/zl2346Isup2.hkl](http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811002601/zl2346Isup2.hkl)

Additional supplementary materials: [crystallographic information](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendsupfiles?zl2346&file=zl2346sup0.html&mime=text/html); [3D view](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendcif?zl2346sup1&Qmime=cif); [checkCIF report](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?zl2346&checkcif=yes)

Supplementary data and figures for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: [ZL2346](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendsup?zl2346)).

The authors want to thank Dr Dietmar Pfeifer (BAM, Berlin) for a helpful discussion regarding the interpretation of the NMR data.

Comment
=======

The title compound is the product of an esterification of 3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (AHTN-COOH) with methanol. AHTN-COOH itself is the product of a haloform reaction from 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-one (AHTN) and sodium hypochlorite solution. Two slightly different syntheses of AHTN-COOH are described by Kuhlich *et al.* (2010) and by Valdersnes *et al.* (2006). The crystal structure of AHTN-COOH was described previously by Kuhlich *et al.* (2010). The crystal structure of AHTN was determined by De Ridder *et al.* (1990).

The title compound can either be obtained in a two-step synthesis, described by Valdersnes *et al.* (2006) or, as described here, in a one-step procedure (see Experimental).

AHTN itself is a widely used fragrance in cosmetics and cleaning products. It is introduced into the environment mainly via sewage treatment plants and can be found in surface water at low µg/*L* concentration (Heberer, 2003). It is in focus of interest due to its low estrogenic potential (Bitsch *et al.*, 2002). Due to their structural similarities to AHTN, the title compound and AHTN-COOH might also have estrogenic or even toxic properties themselves.

The title compound was found in human breast milk and piscine fatty tissue by Valdersnes *et al.* (2006) proofing its ubiquitary occurrence.

The molecule crystallizes in the monoclinic space group *P*2~1~/n. The molecular structure of the compound and the atom-labeling scheme are shown in Fig 1. The structure is disordered in the non aromatic ring. This disorder can be described as pseudo mirror-symmetric with respect to the aromatic ring\'s plane, resulting in two moieties (ratio 0.744 (3):0.256 (3)).

A general puckering analysis according to Cremer and Pople (Cremer & Pople, 1975) led to a half-chair conformation for both enantiomers. The S-enantiomer (C4-C5-C9-C10B-C11B-C12) has a puckering amplitude (Q) of 0.526 (6) Å and 0.502 (2) Å for the R-enantiomer (C4-C5-C9-C10-C11-C12), respectively. The maximum deviation from planarity for C11/C11B is -0.3587 (39) of the R-enantiomer and 0.3335 (14) of the S-enantiomer, respectively, proofing the nearly mirror-symmetric setup.

Each molecule is surrounded by three next neighbors, whereas the centroids of the molecules are arranged in sheets parallel to the (202) plane.

A detailed description of the disorder treatment can be found in the refinement section. The molecules form pairs *via* non classical hydrogen bonds (C18---H26···O2) (see dashed green bonds in Fig. 2).

Experimental {#experimental}
============

The methyl ester of 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-one (AHTN) was synthesized by stirring a solution of 1 mg AHTN dissolved in 100 mL methanol and 50 mL 10% sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature. After 24 h of stirring precipitated sodium chloride was dissolved with water and the organic compound was extracted three times with 50 mL ethyl acetate each. The organic solvents were combined, washed with water and dried with sodium sulfate. For single-crystal X-ray crystallography white and clear crystals of the title compound were grown by solvent evaporation (ethyl acetate) at ambient temperature over a period of three days \[m.p. 348 K\]. IR (ν, cm^-1^): 1720(*s*), 1687(*s*), 1609(*s*), 1550(*s*), 1495(*s*), 1435(*s*), 1390(*s*), 1360(*s*), 1298(*s*), 1255(*s*), 1245(*s*), 1191(*s*), 1141(*s*), 1103(*s*), 1021(*s*), 980(*s*), 944(*s*), 916(*s*); ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CD~3~OD, TMS): δ = 7.83 (1*H*, s), 7.23 (1*H*, s), 3.83 (3*H*, s), 2.48 (3*H*, s), 1.85 (1*H*, ddq, *J*~H,H\'~=2.7 Hz, *J*~H,H\'\'~=13.2 Hz, *J*~H,Me~=6.9 Hz), 1.61 (1*H*, dd, ^2^*J*=13.6 Hz, ^3^*J*=13.2 Hz), 1.38 (1*H*, dd, ^2^*J*=13.6 Hz, ^3^*J*=2.7 Hz), 1.30 (3*H*, s), 1.26 (3*H*, s), 1.22 (3*H*, s), 1.04 (3*H*, s), 0.98 (3*H*, d, *J*=6.9 Hz); ^13^C-NMR (125 MHz, CD~3~OD, TMS): δ = 169.7, 151.8, 143.5, 137.8, 131.8, 130.2, 127.8, 52.1, 44.6, 38.9, 35.7, 34.9, 32.6, 32.4, 28.9, 25.1, 21.7, 17.1; (+)-ESI/MS: 275.6 (60) \[*M*+H^+^\], 297.5 (100) \[*M*+Na^+^\].

Refinement {#refinement}
==========

The structure exhibits disorder originating from two possible half chair conformations in the non aromatic ring. The significant disorder around the atoms of the non aromatic ring was taken into account and the refinement was improved by introducing split positions for the atoms C10, C11, C13, C14, C15, C16 and C17. Equivalent bond distances within the two moieties were restrained to be the same within a standard deviation of 0.02Å, and equivalent disordered atoms were constrained to have identical ADPs. Refinement of the occupancy ratio converged to a value of 74.4 (3)% for the major and 25.6 (3)% for the minor moiety, respectively.

Hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions with C---H distances of 0.98 (CH~3~), 0.99 (CH~2~), 1.00 (CH~sat~), and 0.95 (CH~arom~) with *U*~iso~(H) = 1.2 of the parent atom *U*~eq~ or 1.5 *U*~eq~(C~methyl~).

Figures
=======

![: Left: ORTEP representation of the title compound with atomic labeling shown with 30% probability displacement ellipsoids. Right: Atoms belonging to the minor disordered moiety and their bonds are presented in light gray and as thin black lines respectively. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for the sake of clarity.](e-67-0o485-fig1){#Fap1}

![: View of the unit cell of the title compound along \[010\]. Hydrogen bonds are drawn as dashed green lines. The minor disordered moiety is omitted for clarity.](e-67-0o485-fig2){#Fap2}

Crystal data {#tablewrapcrystaldatalong}
============

  ------------------------- -------------------------------------
  C~18~H~26~O~2~            *F*(000) = 600
  *M~r~* = 274.39           *D*~x~ = 1.122 Mg m^−3^
  Monoclinic, *P*2~1~/*n*   Cu *K*α radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å
  Hall symbol: -P 2yn       Cell parameters from 25 reflections
  *a* = 11.5049 (11) Å      θ = 65--69°
  *b* = 11.9482 (5) Å       µ = 0.55 mm^−1^
  *c* = 12.1078 (13) Å      *T* = 193 K
  β = 102.612 (5)°          Block, colourless
  *V* = 1624.2 (2) Å^3^     0.45 × 0.40 × 0.30 mm
  *Z* = 4
  ------------------------- -------------------------------------

Data collection {#tablewrapdatacollectionlong}
===============

  -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  Enraf--Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer     *R*~int~ = 0.047
  Radiation source: rotating anode       θ~max~ = 69.8°, θ~min~ = 4.8°
  graphite                               *h* = 0→14
  ω/2θ scans                             *k* = −14→14
  5083 measured reflections              *l* = −14→14
  3062 independent reflections           3 standard reflections every 60 min
  2856 reflections with *I* \> 2σ(*I*)   intensity decay: 3%
  -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------

Refinement {#tablewraprefinementdatalong}
==========

  ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Refinement on *F*^2^                                             Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
  Least-squares matrix: full                                       Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
  *R*\[*F*^2^ \> 2σ(*F*^2^)\] = 0.054                              H-atom parameters constrained
  *wR*(*F*^2^) = 0.152                                             *w* = 1/\[σ^2^(*F*~o~^2^) + (0.0889*P*)^2^ + 0.4305*P*\] where *P* = (*F*~o~^2^ + 2*F*~c~^2^)/3
  *S* = 1.03                                                       (Δ/σ)~max~ = 0.001
  3062 reflections                                                 Δρ~max~ = 0.29 e Å^−3^
  216 parameters                                                   Δρ~min~ = −0.26 e Å^−3^
  10 restraints                                                    Extinction correction: *SHELXTL* (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc^\*^=kFc\[1+0.001xFc^2^λ^3^/sin(2θ)\]^-1/4^
  Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods   Extinction coefficient: 0.0070 (8)
  ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Special details {#specialdetails}
===============

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
  Refinement. Refinement of F^2^ against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F^2^, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F^2^. The threshold expression of F^2^ \> 2sigma(F^2^) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F^2^ are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å^2^) {#tablewrapcoords}
==================================================================================================

  ------ -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------------- ------------
         *x*            *y*            *z*             *U*~iso~\*/*U*~eq~   Occ. (\<1)
  O1     0.34558 (10)   1.32637 (9)    −0.02324 (9)    0.0454 (3)
  O2     0.44327 (15)   1.40647 (10)   0.13483 (11)    0.0711 (5)
  C1     0.40482 (12)   1.32335 (11)   0.08442 (12)    0.0353 (3)
  C2     0.41364 (11)   1.20805 (11)   0.13210 (10)    0.0283 (3)
  C3     0.34903 (11)   1.12216 (11)   0.06975 (10)    0.0284 (3)
  H23    0.2999         1.1396         −0.0020         0.034\*
  C4     0.35277 (10)   1.01170 (11)   0.10740 (10)    0.0267 (3)
  C5     0.42442 (11)   0.98674 (11)   0.21369 (10)    0.0280 (3)
  C6     0.48890 (11)   1.07419 (11)   0.27540 (10)    0.0310 (3)
  H4     0.5373         1.0571         0.3476          0.037\*
  C7     0.48699 (11)   1.18407 (11)   0.23842 (10)    0.0297 (3)
  C8     0.56520 (13)   1.26927 (13)   0.31130 (12)    0.0412 (4)
  H1     0.6091         1.2331         0.3806          0.062\*
  H2     0.5156         1.3295         0.3310          0.062\*
  H3     0.6217         1.3005         0.2696          0.062\*
  C9     0.43809 (13)   0.86813 (12)   0.26390 (11)    0.0358 (4)
  C10    0.33564 (19)   0.79143 (16)   0.19751 (16)    0.0364 (5)           0.744 (3)
  H16    0.2599         0.8165         0.2176          0.044\*              0.744 (3)
  C11    0.32069 (18)   0.80706 (15)   0.07020 (16)    0.0352 (4)           0.744 (3)
  H11    0.3979         0.7929         0.0493          0.042\*              0.744 (3)
  H12    0.2627         0.7515         0.0302          0.042\*              0.744 (3)
  C15    0.3518 (4)     0.6672 (3)     0.2281 (5)      0.0516 (9)           0.744 (3)
  H13    0.2785         0.6265         0.1949          0.077\*              0.744 (3)
  H14    0.3692         0.6587         0.3106          0.077\*              0.744 (3)
  H15    0.4180         0.6368         0.1984          0.077\*              0.744 (3)
  C10B   0.3875 (6)     0.7792 (5)     0.1773 (5)      0.0364 (5)           0.256 (3)
  H16B   0.4408         0.7776         0.1222          0.044\*              0.256 (3)
  C11B   0.2689 (5)     0.8159 (4)     0.1118 (5)      0.0352 (4)           0.256 (3)
  H11B   0.2177         0.8350         0.1651          0.042\*              0.256 (3)
  H12B   0.2307         0.7532         0.0638          0.042\*              0.256 (3)
  C15B   0.3853 (14)    0.6606 (11)    0.2212 (16)     0.0516 (9)           0.256 (3)
  H13B   0.4661         0.6383         0.2595          0.077\*              0.256 (3)
  H14B   0.3559         0.6098         0.1577          0.077\*              0.256 (3)
  H15B   0.3327         0.6569         0.2747          0.077\*              0.256 (3)
  C12    0.27785 (11)   0.92416 (11)   0.03173 (11)    0.0318 (3)
  C13    0.1469 (4)     0.9422 (4)     0.0305 (4)      0.0414 (9)           0.744 (3)
  H5     0.0990         0.8866         −0.0190         0.062\*              0.744 (3)
  H6     0.1232         1.0176         0.0023          0.062\*              0.744 (3)
  H7     0.1339         0.9342         0.1075          0.062\*              0.744 (3)
  C14    0.2948 (2)     0.93749 (19)   −0.09371 (18)   0.0374 (5)           0.744 (3)
  H8     0.3800         0.9388         −0.0936         0.056\*              0.744 (3)
  H9     0.2580         1.0076         −0.1258         0.056\*              0.744 (3)
  H10    0.2570         0.8744         −0.1395         0.056\*              0.744 (3)
  C16    0.4257 (4)     0.8693 (6)     0.3874 (3)      0.0576 (11)          0.744 (3)
  H17    0.4953         0.9059         0.4345          0.086\*              0.744 (3)
  H18    0.4202         0.7922         0.4135          0.086\*              0.744 (3)
  H19    0.3535         0.9104         0.3930          0.086\*              0.744 (3)
  C17    0.5617 (2)     0.8238 (2)     0.2576 (2)      0.0464 (6)           0.744 (3)
  H20    0.5676         0.8189         0.1782          0.070\*              0.744 (3)
  H21    0.5734         0.7494         0.2923          0.070\*              0.744 (3)
  H22    0.6230         0.8749         0.2982          0.070\*              0.744 (3)
  C13B   0.1450 (11)    0.9619 (14)    0.0068 (14)     0.0414 (9)           0.256 (3)
  H5B    0.0939         0.8991         −0.0254         0.062\*              0.256 (3)
  H6B    0.1334         1.0242         −0.0473         0.062\*              0.256 (3)
  H7B    0.1241         0.9862         0.0773          0.062\*              0.256 (3)
  C14B   0.3189 (7)     0.8985 (6)     −0.0673 (6)     0.0374 (5)           0.256 (3)
  H8B    0.3208         0.9670         −0.1115         0.056\*              0.256 (3)
  H9B    0.2652         0.8441         −0.1128         0.056\*              0.256 (3)
  H10B   0.3993         0.8668         −0.0462         0.056\*              0.256 (3)
  C16B   0.3894 (15)    0.876 (2)      0.3749 (13)     0.0576 (11)          0.256 (3)
  H17B   0.4310         0.9355         0.4231          0.086\*              0.256 (3)
  H18B   0.4029         0.8042         0.4155          0.086\*              0.256 (3)
  H19B   0.3038         0.8918         0.3554          0.086\*              0.256 (3)
  C17B   0.5738 (8)     0.8426 (8)     0.3014 (7)      0.0464 (6)           0.256 (3)
  H20B   0.6116         0.8534         0.2371          0.070\*              0.256 (3)
  H21B   0.5851         0.7651         0.3279          0.070\*              0.256 (3)
  H22B   0.6101         0.8934         0.3629          0.070\*              0.256 (3)
  C18    0.33250 (17)   1.43507 (14)   −0.07628 (16)   0.0561 (5)
  H24    0.2983         1.4873         −0.0297         0.084\*
  H25    0.2796         1.4293         −0.1514         0.084\*
  H26    0.4107         1.4624         −0.0838         0.084\*
  ------ -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------------- ------------

Atomic displacement parameters (Å^2^) {#tablewrapadps}
=====================================

  ------ ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- --------------
         *U*^11^       *U*^22^       *U*^33^       *U*^12^        *U*^13^       *U*^23^
  O1     0.0551 (7)    0.0345 (6)    0.0423 (6)    −0.0050 (5)    0.0009 (5)    0.0096 (4)
  O2     0.1106 (12)   0.0323 (6)    0.0585 (8)    −0.0166 (7)    −0.0076 (7)   0.0010 (5)
  C1     0.0362 (7)    0.0302 (7)    0.0399 (7)    −0.0030 (5)    0.0091 (6)    0.0000 (5)
  C2     0.0269 (6)    0.0288 (7)    0.0313 (6)    0.0003 (5)     0.0108 (5)    −0.0009 (5)
  C3     0.0272 (6)    0.0312 (7)    0.0270 (6)    0.0007 (5)     0.0066 (5)    −0.0006 (5)
  C4     0.0252 (6)    0.0293 (7)    0.0275 (6)    0.0000 (5)     0.0101 (5)    −0.0018 (5)
  C5     0.0292 (6)    0.0312 (7)    0.0268 (6)    0.0023 (5)     0.0130 (5)    0.0012 (5)
  C6     0.0320 (7)    0.0372 (7)    0.0243 (6)    0.0022 (5)     0.0072 (5)    −0.0009 (5)
  C7     0.0277 (6)    0.0342 (7)    0.0289 (6)    −0.0004 (5)    0.0101 (5)    −0.0066 (5)
  C8     0.0415 (8)    0.0406 (8)    0.0388 (7)    −0.0035 (6)    0.0031 (6)    −0.0098 (6)
  C9     0.0452 (8)    0.0337 (7)    0.0306 (7)    0.0020 (6)     0.0132 (5)    0.0062 (5)
  C10    0.0429 (12)   0.0309 (9)    0.0411 (10)   −0.0002 (9)    0.0216 (8)    0.0049 (7)
  C11    0.0417 (10)   0.0276 (9)    0.0390 (10)   −0.0032 (7)    0.0149 (7)    −0.0046 (7)
  C15    0.066 (3)     0.0331 (10)   0.0607 (13)   −0.0013 (14)   0.0255 (19)   0.0079 (8)
  C10B   0.0429 (12)   0.0309 (9)    0.0411 (10)   −0.0002 (9)    0.0216 (8)    0.0049 (7)
  C11B   0.0417 (10)   0.0276 (9)    0.0390 (10)   −0.0032 (7)    0.0149 (7)    −0.0046 (7)
  C15B   0.066 (3)     0.0331 (10)   0.0607 (13)   −0.0013 (14)   0.0255 (19)   0.0079 (8)
  C12    0.0322 (7)    0.0292 (7)    0.0340 (7)    −0.0025 (5)    0.0073 (5)    −0.0034 (5)
  C13    0.0314 (8)    0.043 (2)     0.052 (2)     −0.0091 (10)   0.0133 (11)   −0.0071 (14)
  C14    0.0466 (13)   0.0345 (13)   0.0325 (11)   −0.0042 (9)    0.0117 (9)    −0.0053 (8)
  C16    0.091 (3)     0.0511 (14)   0.0374 (14)   0.006 (3)      0.029 (2)     0.0144 (12)
  C17    0.0529 (12)   0.0383 (13)   0.0484 (16)   0.0109 (9)     0.0119 (13)   0.0057 (12)
  C13B   0.0314 (8)    0.043 (2)     0.052 (2)     −0.0091 (10)   0.0133 (11)   −0.0071 (14)
  C14B   0.0466 (13)   0.0345 (13)   0.0325 (11)   −0.0042 (9)    0.0117 (9)    −0.0053 (8)
  C16B   0.091 (3)     0.0511 (14)   0.0374 (14)   0.006 (3)      0.029 (2)     0.0144 (12)
  C17B   0.0529 (12)   0.0383 (13)   0.0484 (16)   0.0109 (9)     0.0119 (13)   0.0057 (12)
  C18    0.0646 (11)   0.0412 (9)    0.0583 (10)   −0.0050 (8)    0.0038 (8)    0.0200 (7)
  ------ ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ------------- --------------

Geometric parameters (Å, °) {#tablewrapgeomlong}
===========================

  ----------------------- -------------- -------------------------- --------------
  O1---C1                 1.3330 (17)    C11B---H11B                0.9900
  O1---C18                1.4422 (18)    C11B---H12B                0.9900
  O2---C1                 1.1986 (18)    C15B---H13B                0.9800
  C1---C2                 1.4886 (18)    C15B---H14B                0.9800
  C2---C3                 1.3895 (18)    C15B---H15B                0.9800
  C2---C7                 1.4060 (18)    C12---C14B                 1.415 (7)
  C3---C4                 1.3939 (18)    C12---C13                  1.519 (4)
  C3---H23                0.9500         C12---C13B                 1.559 (12)
  C4---C5                 1.4005 (18)    C12---C14                  1.581 (2)
  C4---C12                1.5270 (17)    C13---H5                   0.9800
  C5---C6                 1.3994 (18)    C13---H6                   0.9800
  C5---C9                 1.5365 (18)    C13---H7                   0.9800
  C6---C7                 1.3858 (19)    C14---H8                   0.9800
  C6---H4                 0.9500         C14---H9                   0.9800
  C7---C8                 1.5092 (18)    C14---H10                  0.9800
  C8---H1                 0.9800         C16---H17                  0.9800
  C8---H2                 0.9800         C16---H18                  0.9800
  C8---H3                 0.9800         C16---H19                  0.9800
  C9---C10B               1.517 (6)      C17---H20                  0.9800
  C9---C16                1.532 (4)      C17---H21                  0.9800
  C9---C17                1.535 (3)      C17---H22                  0.9800
  C9---C17B               1.558 (9)      C13B---H5B                 0.9800
  C9---C16B               1.567 (12)     C13B---H6B                 0.9800
  C9---C10                1.569 (2)      C13B---H7B                 0.9800
  C10---C11               1.525 (3)      C14B---H8B                 0.9800
  C10---C15               1.531 (4)      C14B---H9B                 0.9800
  C10---H16               1.0000         C14B---H10B                0.9800
  C11---C12               1.522 (2)      C16B---H17B                0.9800
  C11---H11               0.9900         C16B---H18B                0.9800
  C11---H12               0.9900         C16B---H19B                0.9800
  C15---H13               0.9800         C17B---H20B                0.9800
  C15---H14               0.9800         C17B---H21B                0.9800
  C15---H15               0.9800         C17B---H22B                0.9800
  C10B---C11B             1.487 (8)      C18---H24                  0.9800
  C10B---C15B             1.515 (13)     C18---H25                  0.9800
  C10B---H16B             1.0000         C18---H26                  0.9800
  C11B---C12              1.633 (5)

  C1---O1---C18           116.18 (12)    C12---C11B---H12B          109.1
  O2---C1---O1            121.91 (13)    H11B---C11B---H12B         107.9
  O2---C1---C2            125.66 (13)    C10B---C15B---H13B         109.5
  O1---C1---C2            112.42 (11)    C10B---C15B---H14B         109.5
  C3---C2---C7            119.33 (12)    H13B---C15B---H14B         109.5
  C3---C2---C1            119.32 (11)    C10B---C15B---H15B         109.5
  C7---C2---C1            121.35 (12)    H13B---C15B---H15B         109.5
  C2---C3---C4            123.16 (11)    H14B---C15B---H15B         109.5
  C2---C3---H23           118.4          C14B---C12---C13           122.5 (4)
  C4---C3---H23           118.4          C14B---C12---C11           85.1 (3)
  C3---C4---C5            118.17 (11)    C13---C12---C11            112.82 (19)
  C3---C4---C12           118.64 (11)    C14B---C12---C4            114.0 (3)
  C5---C4---C12           123.19 (12)    C13---C12---C4             109.7 (2)
  C6---C5---C4            117.95 (12)    C11---C12---C4             110.08 (12)
  C6---C5---C9            118.74 (11)    C14B---C12---C13B          113.2 (7)
  C4---C5---C9            123.29 (12)    C4---C12---C13B            108.6 (7)
  C7---C6---C5            124.45 (11)    C13---C12---C14            107.86 (18)
  C7---C6---H4            117.8          C11---C12---C14            106.67 (13)
  C5---C6---H4            117.8          C4---C12---C14             109.60 (12)
  C6---C7---C2            116.93 (11)    C13B---C12---C14           96.1 (6)
  C6---C7---C8            119.00 (12)    C14B---C12---C11B          114.1 (4)
  C2---C7---C8            124.04 (12)    C13---C12---C11B           85.8 (2)
  C7---C8---H1            109.5          C4---C12---C11B            106.7 (2)
  C7---C8---H2            109.5          C13B---C12---C11B          99.1 (6)
  H1---C8---H2            109.5          C14---C12---C11B           133.4 (2)
  C7---C8---H3            109.5          C12---C13---H5             109.5
  H1---C8---H3            109.5          C12---C13---H6             109.5
  H2---C8---H3            109.5          C12---C13---H7             109.5
  C10B---C9---C16         125.2 (4)      C12---C14---H8             109.5
  C10B---C9---C17         86.8 (3)       C12---C14---H9             109.5
  C16---C9---C17          109.67 (19)    C12---C14---H10            109.5
  C10B---C9---C5          112.5 (2)      C9---C16---H17             109.5
  C16---C9---C5           110.8 (3)      C9---C16---H18             109.5
  C17---C9---C5           108.32 (14)    C9---C16---H19             109.5
  C10B---C9---C17B        105.9 (4)      C9---C17---H20             109.5
  C16---C9---C17B         91.1 (4)       C9---C17---H21             109.5
  C5---C9---C17B          107.8 (4)      C9---C17---H22             109.5
  C10B---C9---C16B        118.5 (10)     C12---C13B---H5B           109.5
  C17---C9---C16B         124.8 (6)      C12---C13B---H6B           109.5
  C5---C9---C16B          105.2 (9)      H5B---C13B---H6B           109.5
  C17B---C9---C16B        106.5 (7)      C12---C13B---H7B           109.5
  C17---C9---C10          111.94 (15)    H5B---C13B---H7B           109.5
  C5---C9---C10           109.60 (12)    H6B---C13B---H7B           109.5
  C17B---C9---C10         128.9 (4)      C12---C14B---H8B           109.5
  C16B---C9---C10         95.9 (9)       C12---C14B---H9B           109.5
  C11---C10---C15         110.1 (2)      H8B---C14B---H9B           109.5
  C11---C10---C9          110.65 (14)    C12---C14B---H10B          109.5
  C15---C10---C9          113.8 (2)      H8B---C14B---H10B          109.5
  C11---C10---H16         107.3          H9B---C14B---H10B          109.5
  C15---C10---H16         107.3          C9---C16B---H17B           109.5
  C9---C10---H16          107.3          C9---C16B---H18B           109.5
  C12---C11---C10         112.30 (14)    H17B---C16B---H18B         109.5
  C12---C11---H11         109.1          C9---C16B---H19B           109.5
  C10---C11---H11         109.1          H17B---C16B---H19B         109.5
  C12---C11---H12         109.1          H18B---C16B---H19B         109.5
  C10---C11---H12         109.1          C9---C17B---H20B           109.5
  H11---C11---H12         107.9          C9---C17B---H21B           109.5
  C11B---C10B---C15B      112.3 (8)      H20B---C17B---H21B         109.5
  C11B---C10B---C9        109.3 (4)      C9---C17B---H22B           109.5
  C15B---C10B---C9        116.5 (9)      H20B---C17B---H22B         109.5
  C11B---C10B---H16B      106.0          H21B---C17B---H22B         109.5
  C15B---C10B---H16B      106.0          O1---C18---H24             109.5
  C9---C10B---H16B        106.0          O1---C18---H25             109.5
  C10B---C11B---C12       112.4 (4)      H24---C18---H25            109.5
  C10B---C11B---H11B      109.1          O1---C18---H26             109.5
  C12---C11B---H11B       109.1          H24---C18---H26            109.5
  C10B---C11B---H12B      109.1          H25---C18---H26            109.5

  C18---O1---C1---O2      1.2 (2)        C17B---C9---C10---C15      36.1 (5)
  C18---O1---C1---C2      179.86 (13)    C16B---C9---C10---C15      −80.7 (8)
  O2---C1---C2---C3       169.86 (15)    C15---C10---C11---C12      167.6 (2)
  O1---C1---C2---C3       −8.72 (18)     C9---C10---C11---C12       −65.6 (2)
  O2---C1---C2---C7       −10.8 (2)      C16---C9---C10B---C11B     94.2 (5)
  O1---C1---C2---C7       170.60 (11)    C17---C9---C10B---C11B     −153.9 (4)
  C7---C2---C3---C4       0.10 (18)      C5---C9---C10B---C11B      −45.4 (5)
  C1---C2---C3---C4       179.43 (11)    C17B---C9---C10B---C11B    −162.8 (5)
  C2---C3---C4---C5       0.59 (18)      C16B---C9---C10B---C11B    77.8 (9)
  C2---C3---C4---C12      179.94 (11)    C10---C9---C10B---C11B     43.7 (4)
  C3---C4---C5---C6       −0.56 (17)     C16---C9---C10B---C15B     −34.4 (8)
  C12---C4---C5---C6      −179.88 (11)   C17---C9---C10B---C15B     77.5 (7)
  C3---C4---C5---C9       −178.83 (11)   C5---C9---C10B---C15B      −174.0 (6)
  C12---C4---C5---C9      1.85 (18)      C17B---C9---C10B---C15B    68.5 (8)
  C4---C5---C6---C7       −0.15 (19)     C16B---C9---C10B---C15B    −50.9 (10)
  C9---C5---C6---C7       178.20 (11)    C10---C9---C10B---C15B     −85.0 (8)
  C5---C6---C7---C2       0.83 (19)      C15B---C10B---C11B---C12   −161.7 (8)
  C5---C6---C7---C8       −177.28 (12)   C9---C10B---C11B---C12     67.4 (5)
  C3---C2---C7---C6       −0.78 (17)     C10---C11---C12---C14B     162.2 (4)
  C1---C2---C7---C6       179.90 (11)    C10---C11---C12---C13      −74.5 (3)
  C3---C2---C7---C8       177.23 (12)    C10---C11---C12---C4       48.37 (18)
  C1---C2---C7---C8       −2.10 (19)     C10---C11---C12---C13B     −83.0 (8)
  C6---C5---C9---C10B     −166.3 (3)     C10---C11---C12---C14      167.20 (16)
  C4---C5---C9---C10B     12.0 (3)       C10---C11---C12---C11B     −41.0 (4)
  C6---C5---C9---C16      48.2 (2)       C3---C4---C12---C14B       69.9 (3)
  C4---C5---C9---C16      −133.5 (2)     C5---C4---C12---C14B       −110.8 (3)
  C6---C5---C9---C17      −72.09 (16)    C3---C4---C12---C13        −71.72 (18)
  C4---C5---C9---C17      106.17 (16)    C5---C4---C12---C13        107.60 (17)
  C6---C5---C9---C17B     −50.0 (3)      C3---C4---C12---C11        163.56 (12)
  C4---C5---C9---C17B     128.3 (3)      C5---C4---C12---C11        −17.12 (17)
  C6---C5---C9---C16B     63.4 (8)       C3---C4---C12---C13B       −57.3 (6)
  C4---C5---C9---C16B     −118.4 (8)     C5---C4---C12---C13B       122.0 (6)
  C6---C5---C9---C10      165.52 (12)    C3---C4---C12---C14        46.53 (17)
  C4---C5---C9---C10      −16.23 (17)    C5---C4---C12---C14        −134.15 (14)
  C16---C9---C10---C11    166.1 (2)      C3---C4---C12---C11B       −163.2 (2)
  C17---C9---C10---C11    −74.04 (19)    C5---C4---C12---C11B       16.1 (3)
  C5---C9---C10---C11     46.17 (18)     C10B---C11B---C12---C14B   75.9 (6)
  C17B---C9---C10---C11   −88.6 (5)      C10B---C11B---C12---C13    −160.2 (5)
  C16B---C9---C10---C11   154.6 (7)      C10B---C11B---C12---C11    50.5 (4)
  C16---C9---C10---C15    −69.3 (3)      C10B---C11B---C12---C4     −50.9 (5)
  C17---C9---C10---C15    50.6 (2)       C10B---C11B---C12---C13B   −163.5 (8)
  C5---C9---C10---C15     170.84 (18)    C10B---C11B---C12---C14    89.0 (5)
  ----------------------- -------------- -------------------------- --------------

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) {#tablewraphbondslong}
=============================

  ------------------- --------- --------- ------------- ---------------
  *D*---H···*A*       *D*---H   H···*A*   *D*···*A*     *D*---H···*A*
  C3---H23···O1       0.95      2.32      2.6839 (17)   103
  C18---H26···O2^i^   0.98      2.47      3.397 (2)     157
  ------------------- --------- --------- ------------- ---------------

Symmetry codes: (i) −*x*+1, −*y*+3, −*z*.

###### Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

  *D*---H⋯*A*       *D*---H   H⋯*A*   *D*⋯*A*     *D*---H⋯*A*
  ----------------- --------- ------- ----------- -------------
  C18---H26⋯O2^i^   0.98      2.47    3.397 (2)   157

Symmetry code: (i) .


The W3C has released the XHTML 2.0 Working Draft. It appears to include major revisions over previous versions of HMTL, including:

A new <nl> tag for navigation lists (aka menus).

A new <line> tag to replace <br /> for single line-breaks.

A more general <h> tag for headers, to be used in conjunction with…

The new <section> tag, to hierarchically organize information.

Deprication of the <img> tag in favor of the <object> tag, which can now also contain image information (and other media information) in the XHTML itself. (As opposed to current standards, which require you to point to other files for image data.)

A <colgroup> tag to help keep those tables organized.

New <ins> and <del> tags to indicate insertions and deletions from draft documents.

Many other changes have been proposed, as well, no doubt.

Now, Zeldman complains about the lack of compatibility with older standards, arguing that the W3C might have done better calling the new specification something like “Advanced Markup Language” (AML) instead of XHTML 2.0 to avoid confusion and incompatibility complaints.

“Imagine if Illustrator had been named Photoshop 2,” he writes, comparing XHTML 2.0 to Illustrator and XHTML 1.0 to Photoshop. “Some artists would scream with pleasure. (‘Finally, I can use vectors!’) Others would howl with rage. (‘What do you mean I can’t edit photos any more?’)”

This is nonsense. I haven’t done a thorough study, but at first blush XHTML 2.0 appears designed to accomplish the same goals as 1.0 in much the same way — it’s not a different product nor a completely different paradigm of text markup. It attempts to solve some of the more outstanding problems with HTML, though, and this requires deeper structural changes.

As different versions of HTML and XHTML come out, we should start paying more and more attention to our document-type declarations, usually the first line in the HTML code. Internet Explorer 5 for Mac does render pages slightly differently depending on which version of HTML the page has declared it will use. Hopefully new browsers will include this sort of feature, allowing different markup processing engines to fire up depending on which text markup scheme the web page uses — HTML, XHTML 1.0, XHTML 2.0, or whatever else may come in the future.

Hello, There.

I'm Josh Knowles, a technology developer/consultant on a variety of mobile, social media, and gaming projects. I founded and lead Frescher-Southern, Ltd. I grew up in Austin, Texas and currently live in New York City.


The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for bracing cargo in a container for transport. More particularly, the present invention pertains to apparatus and methods for securing cargo in a vehicle, such as the cargo bed of a truck or trailer.
When cargo is loaded into a truck or trailer but does not entirely fill the cargo space, it needs bracing to prevent it from shifting about and being damaged when the vehicle is in motion, and particularly when the vehicle makes a sharp turn, accelerates, or comes to an abrupt stop. There is a need to provide bracing apparatus that will accommodate the myriad of items that people haul in trucks or trailers: rectangular boxes, cylindrical articles such as barrels and drums, lumber, furniture, appliances, mattresses, machines, household goods, tools, equipment, yard waste and the like. If items are stacked on top of other items, it may be difficult to secure them.
A number of adjustable length bracing devices are known and disclosed in the prior art. The majority of these are telescoping. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,578 to Barnes is for a load stabilizer for a truck which comprises horizontal telescoping poles biased against the sidewalls of a truck bed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,056 to Hunt discloses another telescoping pole brace with mounting brackets that pivot on the ends of the brace so that it may be mounted at various angles with the side walls. It also provides a T-connector and second pole perpendicular to the first pole which can be biased against another wall or against the floor of the transport container.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,599 to Gordon is for yet another pole-like device of adjustable length having two arms extending from a connecting sleeve. Its mounting brackets are suction cups which engage opposing side walls of a truck.
A load-retaining attachment for freight cars is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 969,002 to Teachout. The device is a telescoping beam that attaches to the side walls of the freightcar by means of sharpened spurs at each end thereof which penetrate the walls.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,840,927 to Woodruf is for an adjustable bar of a pair of bar sections aligned end to end, the outer ends of the bar having hooks to engage the upper rimedges of the sides walls of a freight car, and the inner ends terminating in threaded rods coupled by a turnbuckle.
These telescoping bar or pole devices are useful for restraining a single layer of boxes or other items but are not capable of restraining multiple layers of thin items such as a mattress or a stack of lumber or other narrow items.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,136 discloses a collapsible extendable enclosure structure for covering the open bed of a land or marine vehicle. The structure includes an end gate assembly selectively positionable and releasably securable at various locations on the truck bed, independently of the movable rear section of the enclosure. A system of cables and sheaves directs the force needed to retract or extend the structure by sliding its sections along tracks mounted at the top edges of the side walls of the vehicle. This invention is extremely complicated in structure and deployment, and the end gate assembly, being part of an enclosure, is solid, making it heavier than is needed for a simple restraint.
Accordingly there is a need for an uncomplicated, adjustable cargo restraint that is adaptable to a variety of loads, including loads of stacked small loose items, and that is lightweight and easy to position. Additionally it should provide tie-down capability for items that might otherwise slide around or off the truck bed.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable cargo gate system for a bed or floor of a pick-up truck or trailer for restraining objects being transported from sliding or moving when the vehicle accelerates, decelerate, or makes sharp turns.
Another object of the invention is to provide a cargo restraint that is lightweight, easy to set up and easy to remove or store flat, and that can be deployed in a variety of positions athwart the bed of the vehicle.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a cargo restraint to which tie-down means can be attached.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a cargo restraint of adjustable width so that it can be narrowed to fit between wheel wells, and widened to fit diagonally across corners as well as from side to side at the widest dimension.


MOSCOW - A suicide bomber struck a busy railway station in southern Russia on Sunday, killing at least 15 people and wounding scores more, officials said, in a stark reminder of the threat Russia is facing as it prepares to host February's Olympics in Sochi.

No one immediately claimed responsibility for the bombing in Volgograd, but it came several months after Chechen rebel leader Doku Umarov called for new attacks against civilian targets in Russia, including the Sochi Games.

Suicide bombings have rocked Russia for years, but many have been contained to the Caucasus, the center of an insurgency seeking an Islamist state in the region. Until recently Volgograd was not a typical target, but the city formerly known as Stalingrad has now been struck twice in two months - suggesting militants may be using the transportation hub as a renewed way of showing their reach outside their restive region.

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Volgograd, which borders the Caucasus, is 550 miles south of Moscow and about 400 miles northeast of Sochi, a Black Sea resort flanked by the North Caucasus Mountains.

One woman had a narrow escape when she left the station just moments before the bomb went off, reports CBS News's Holly Williams.

"I saw people running," she said. "Human flesh all around, shattered glass and broken doors. I saw smoke, but I didn't understand what was going on."

The bombing highlights the daunting security challenge Russia will face in fulfilling its pledge to make the Sochi Games the "safest Olympics in history." The government has deployed tens of thousands of soldiers, police and other security personnel to protect the games.

Through the day, officials issued conflicting statements on casualties. Officials said that the suspected bomber was a woman, but late Sunday the Interfax news agency quoted an unidentified law enforcement officer as saying footage taken by surveillance cameras indicated that the bomber was a man. It also reported that a torn male finger ringed by a safety pin removed from a hand grenade was found on the site of the explosion.

Investigators work at the site of an explosion at the entrance of a train station in Volgograd December 29, 2013. A suicide bomber killed at least 14 people in the second deadly attack within three days as the country prepares to host the Winter Olympics. Sergei Karpov/REUTERS

The bomber detonated explosives in front of a metal detector just beyond the station's main entrance when a police sergeant became suspicious and rushed forward to check ID, officials said. The officer was killed by the blast, and several other policemen were wounded.

"When the suicide bomber saw a policeman near a metal detector, she became nervous and set off her explosive device," Vladimir Markin, the spokesman for the nation's top investigative agency, said in a statement. He added that the bomb contained about 10 kilograms (22 pounds) of TNT and was rigged with shrapnel.

Markin later told Interfax that the attacker could have been a man, but added that the investigation was still ongoing. He said that another hand grenade, which didn't explode, was also found on the explosion site.

Markin said that security controls prevented a far greater number of casualties at the station, which was packed with people at a time when several trains were delayed.

Markin said 13 people and the bomber were killed on the spot, and the regional government said two other people later died at a hospital. About 40 were hospitalized, many in grave condition.

The Interfax news agency reported that the suspected bomber's head was found at the site of explosion, which would allow security agencies to quickly identify her.

Lifenews.ru, a Russian news portal that reportedly has close links to security agencies, posted what it claimed was an image of the severed head of the female attacker. It said she appeared to have been a woman whose two successive rebel husbands had been killed by Russian security forces in the Caucasus.

Interior Ministry members stand guard in front of the train station where a bomber detonated explosives in Volgograd December 29, 2013. Sergei Karpov, REUTERS

Female suicide bombers, many of whom were widows or sisters of rebels, have mounted numerous attacks in Russia. They often have been referred to as "black widows."

In October, a female suicide bomber blew herself up on a city bus in Volgograd, killing six people and injuring about 30. Officials said that attacker came from the province of Dagestan, which has become the center of the Islamist insurgency that has spread across the region after two separatist wars in Chechnya.

As in Sunday's blast, her bomb was rigged with shrapnel that caused severe injuries.

Chechnya has become more stable under the steely grip of its Moscow-backed strongman, who incorporated many of the former rebels into his feared security force. But in Dagestan, the province between Chechnya and the Caspian Sea, Islamic insurgents who declared an intention to carve out an Islamic state in the region mount near daily attacks on police and other officials.

Rights groups say that authorities' tough response involving arbitrary arrests, torture and killings of terror suspects has fueled the rebellion.

The Kremlin replaced Dagestan's provincial chief earlier this year, and the new leader abandoned his predecessor's attempts at reconciliation and his efforts to persuade some of the rebels to surrender in exchange for amnesty.

Security camera images broadcast by Rossiya 24 television, showed Sunday's moment of explosion, a bright orange flash inside the station behind the massive main gate followed by plumes of smoke.

A witness, Roman Lobachev, told Rossiya television that he was putting his bags on a belt for screening when he heard the sound of an explosion. "I heard a bang and felt as if something hit me on the head," said Lobachev who survived the attack with minor injuries.

The bombing followed Friday's explosion in the city of Pyatigorsk in southern Russian, where a car rigged with explosives blew up on a street, killing three.

Following Sunday's explosion, the Interior Ministry ordered police to beef up patrols at railway stations and other transport facilities across Russia.

Russia in past years has seen a series of terror attacks on buses, trains and airplanes, some carried out by suicide bombers.

Twin bombings on the Moscow subway in March 2010 by female suicide bombers killed 40 people and wounded more than 120. In January 2011, a male suicide bomber struck Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, killing 37 people and injuring more than 180.

Umarov, who had claimed responsibility for the 2010 and 2011 bombings, ordered a halt to attacks on civilian targets during the mass street protests against President Vladimir Putin in the winter of 2011-12. He reversed that order in July, urging his men to "do their utmost to derail" the Sochi Olympics which he described as "satanic dances on the bones of our ancestors."

A group calling itself Anonymous Caucasus said in a statement Friday on the Caucasus rebel web site, kavkazcenter.com, that it would launch cyber-attacks to avenge Russia's refusal to acknowledge the 19th century expulsion of Chirkassians, one of the ethnic groups in the Caucasus.

In a statement, the U.S. State Department condemned the attack.

"The United States condemns in the strongest terms today's terrorist attack in Volgograd," said spokeswoman Jen Psaki. "We send our sincere condolences to the families of the victims and stand in solidarity with the Russian people against terrorism of any kind."

The International Olympics Committee expressed its condolences over the bombing, but said it was confident of Russia's security preparation for the games.

"At the Olympics, security is the responsibility of the local authorities, and we have no doubt that the Russian authorities will be up to the task," it said in a statement.

Russian authorities have introduced some of the most extensive identity checks and sweeping security measures ever seen at an international sports event.

Anyone wanting to attend the games that open on Feb. 7 will have to buy a ticket online from the organizers and obtain a "spectator pass" for access. Doing so will require providing passport details and contacts that will allow the authorities to screen all visitors and check their identities upon arrival.

The security zone created around Sochi stretches approximately 60 miles along the Black Sea coast and up to 25 miles inland. Russian forces include special troops to patrol the forested mountains towering over the resort, drones to keep constant watch over Olympic facilities and speed boats to patrol the coast.

The security plan includes a ban on cars from outside the zone from a month before the games begin until a month after they end.


Q:

Managing Fonts, Brushes and Pens in MFC

I am about to start a text-rendering window in MFC.  Given that the text-rendering window will allow fonts of differing style (and each window can have a different font), I've been thinking about the management of fonts.
Would it make sense to create some kind of a font manager?  I was thinking that each time a font is required, the renderer would pass the desired LOGFONT to the manager.  If a CFont existed, it would be returned and if not, created.  This font manager would be global in the system.
Is this overkill?  Does Windows do this kind of thing under-the-hood meaning it is totally un-necessary from an application perspective?
One could also say the same for brushes and pens of a particular colour.  Is it faster to store them in a manager of some sort once one is created?  E.g, if I create a solid mauve brush, should another window that wants mauve request the existing brush?
Also, I'm guessing that if I load an image on disk to blit, that if two separate windows load the same image from disk, I'll have two images - so these are good candidates to cache (by filename, perhaps?)

A:

Different windows versions have done differing amounts of caching of these things.
My advice hinges on two things:

Don't optimize prematurely. If you can see a possible need to optimize in the future, go ahead and ensure that you architect it such that Fonts are retrieved from a font manager. But, until there is a provable performance deficit, don't bother implementing the cache.
Measure. Make a test case program that creates and destroys hundreds of differently styles fonts and measure how it scales in performance.

I once spent a long time writing a multi threaded renderer. Only to find that, because the GDI drivers serialize access to the hardware anyway, I got zero benefit.

A:

This is an okay strategy for fonts, the Windows font mapper isn't that cheap and the number of fonts that a typical program uses is finite.  But not for brushes and pens, they are dirt-cheap so just create and destroy them on the fly.
The ultimate endorsement for this strategy comes from Microsoft's own code, Winforms does this.  Beware that caching creates a new problem, you have to invalidate the cache when the user changes system settings.  System colors, DPI, that sort of thing.  You have to listen for WM_SETTINGCHANGE in a toplevel window.


23 August 2010

My New Orleans

(A sign on a house in the lower 9th Ward - almost 3 years after Katrina)

New Orleans is on my mind this week as the 5th anniversary of Katrina approaches. On the day the levees broke and my beloved city began to flood, I was on vacation in Maryland, just feet from a lazy Chesapeake Bay. It became a mockery, those calm waters, over the surreal days that followed, as my heartbreak became complete. It had been years since I'd been a full-time resident of New Orleans, years since the sorrow of my initial departure, but the tears and heartache were all too real, as was the helplessness that so many of us felt, displaced or not.

New Orleans was a city that left its imprint on me early in life. I had an odd childhood here, the observation of sorrow and brutal reality mixed in with the more normal childhood passions of neighborhood friends, games that lasted until daylight faded, bike riding and roller skating and playing dress up. And then there were the unique New Orleans experiences - the fever of Carnival season, crawfish boils and Saturday night seafood dinners with my grandparents, riding the ferry to and from Old Algiers, class field trips to the French Quarter, and weekend beignets at Cafe du Monde.

I lived in a large house, in a terrible neighborhood, where my parents ran a drug rehab center. There were mornings I awoke to junkies on the doorstep, another place setting at the table, cops who might pick up one person and drop off another, a swirl of multihued humanity becoming part of my everyday experience. My neighborhood was so bad that I wasn't allowed outside, except for my comings and goings to private school. Even today, I couldn't tell you much about my neighborhood, because I never really saw much of it. I can tell you what it sounded like, sirens throughout the night. Oddly enough, I can still be lulled to sleep by the sound of sirens, which served me well during my years in New York. There were adults who said it was no place for a child, no life for a child, but I am no worse for wear - perhaps just a bit more observant than the average adult, able to discern sorrow in the most benign of expressions.

My other, more normal, life took place over the weekends. I spent that time with my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. I had my weekend friends, my weekend toys, and all the experiences that most children in New Orleans encounter in their life here. I loved it. In fact, I loved it all - good and bad.

My immediate family left New Orleans just before I turned eleven. The sorrow of leaving this city is still so vivid to me. It ruined me for any other heartbreak, and I have always been able to say goodbye to other cities with little more than a backward glance. In the eight years that followed, I lived in three more towns and cities, none more than an hour-and-a-half from New Orleans, but it was never the same. There are cities that simply take hold of you and never let go. New York was like that for me, but it was the right city for the person I would become; New Orleans has always been the city for the person I was born to be.

It is no accident that I've returned here. It felt there was no other real choice after Katrina. It is my duty and my pleasure to be here, to help rebuild and strengthen a city. I do this with great love, for this city gave so much to me. And for those who question whether it's really worth it to rebuild, whether we should employ extraordinary measures and spend vast amounts of money to ensure its survival, I say to you with certainty - there's no other city like this city.

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New Orleans is a truly extraordinary city full of even more extraordinary people. Having visited shortly after Katrina too I found the people there so inspiring in the face of such disaster that it was hard not to be moved by it all.

Ok, now you made me cry. I grew up in Morgan City. And I feel about it pretty much the same way you do about N.O. These days when I tell people I am from Louisiana, they always ask me what New Orleans is like. Honestly, I have only been there to Ocshner or other drs. twice to Audubon Zoo and once for Mardi Gras back in 1980. But I think it's possibly the same for all of us born and raised in Louisiana. It's 'home'. Thanks for sharing...

I'm a professional magazine stylist and crafter, wife and mother and I live and create in New Orleans. I write about all the facets of my creative life here, both personal and professional, though like most Southerners, I reserve the right to digress.


Serum advanced glycosylation end products: a new class of uremic toxins?
Irreversible advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) are shown to induce tissue damage by a variety of chemical and cellular mechanisms. When administered to normal animals, AGE-modified albumin reacts covalently with tissue proteins to produce complex vascular alterations closely resembling diabetic vasculopathy. In humans, the clearance of serum with renal insufficiency and is severely impaired in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The renal clearance of AGE-peptides was estimated at 0.72 +/- 0.23 ml/min for normal subjects, and 0.61 +/- 0.2 ml/min for diabetics with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p value NS). After comparing different modes of treatment of patients with ESRD, we noted that, although conventional hemodialysis is ineffective, high-flux dialysis (HF) markedly reduces AGE levels only to return to near-pretreatment levels within 3 h. In chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-treated patients, serum AGE are similar to those achieved by hemodialysis. In contrast, AGE levels in diabetics with renal transplantation decreased 8 h after surgery and remained within the normal range over the long term. Human serum AGE peptides (M.W. between 2,000 and 6,000) are shown to retain strong cross-linking activity with collagen in vitro. AGE peptides in human circulation may represent a thus far unrecognized class of reactive and potentially toxic substances which can exacerbate extrarenal vascular pathology, through their covalent attachment onto matrix proteins.


The long term objective of this proposal os to elucidate the mechanisms by which cells selectively degrade their intracellular proteins and to discover the features of protein that promote their catabolism. Two cell systems are available in which it is possible to eliminate either proline endopeptidase or ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation. Individual, radiolabeled proteins will be injected into each cell line to determine which proteins are substrates for these pathways. This procedure has already revealed that ubiquitin and bovine serum albumin ar stabilized in cells lacking proline endopeptidase and that oxidized hemoglobin is stabilized in ts85 mouse cells which contain a labile Ub-activating enzyme. The half-lives of a series of temperature-sensitive T4 lysozymes will also be measured to test the hypothesis that thermodynamic stability correlates with metabolic stability. Surprisingly, T4 lysozyme is degraded very rapidly in HeLa cells, and we will determine whether surface cysteines or arginine-arginine pairs are responsible for its short life. In addition, specific proteins will be targeted to the nucleus to discover whether their degradation rates are affected by mislocalization. Finally, ubiquitin will be injected into ts85 mouse cells or HeLa cells and several aspects of Ub metabolism will be measured, including Ub's role in autophagy and release of injected proteins, as well as the subcellular location of Ub conjugates before and after heat-shock.


Q:

Как снова начать считывать файл с первой строки при достижении последней строки

Имеется код, нужно начать считывание файла с начала при достижении последней строки.
file = open('file.txt', 'r') #в файле 20 строк
for i in range(40):
    line = file.readline()
file.close()

A:

Используйте метод seek чтобы переместить указатель.
Код ниже 40 раз выведет первую строку файла:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
    for i in range(40):
        line = f.readline()

        # Возвращаемся к началу файла
        f.seek(0)

А код ниже выведет все строки из файла, переместит указатель в начало файла и еще раз выведет строки:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        print(repr(line))

    # Возвращаемся к началу файла
    f.seek(0)

    print("Еще раз!")

    for line in f:
        print(repr(line))

Можно еще поиграться с итераторами.
Суть в том, что мы создадим итератор и будем дергать из него строки файла и если достигнем конца, то тот выбросит исключение StopIteration, а мы это поймаем и вернемся в начало файла:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
    it = iter(f)

    for i in range(40):
        try:
            line = next(it)
        except StopIteration:
            f.seek(0)

            line = next(it)

        print(i, repr(line))

Но это, по сути, велосипед. Т.к. в ответе рядом через cycle и islice происходит тоже самое :)


Attribute the author

Title

King Charles Street, No 6-10

Description

August 1991. Colour photograph of nos.6-10 King Charles Street. On the left, no.10 is Liv-In Leather goods, then no.8 Bianco Hair World in the centre, and on the right no.6 Aroma Coffee House. A car is parked on the road.


Psy's income from YouTube advertising revenue linked to 'Gangnam Style' is believed to be around £540,670 ($870,000), and the singer and his management company are also entitled to a cut of income generated by parodies of the song.

However, the largest slice of his income is estimated to come from commercial deals. This figure is estimated by a South Korean securities analyst to be £2.86 million ($4.6 million).


The Haunting of Bly Manor creator Mike Flanagan made it official on Twitter this morning that iZombie actor Rahul Kohli is joining the Netflix/Paramount TV/Amblin/Intrepid Pictures follow-up horror anthology series to The Haunting of Hill House.

In addition, Catherine Parker, who starred in Hill House as Poppy Hill, is coming to Bly Manor.

Flanagan also announced that T’Nia Miller and Amelia Eve are joining, as well as Amelie Smith as Flora and Benjamin Ainsworth as Miles, the latter two being kids’ roles. Kohli, in a series regular role, is reportedly playing a small town guy with a worldly mindset, who has returned to the country to take care of his ailing mother.

Bly Manor is inspired by Henry James’ psychological gothic horror novella The Turn of the Screw, which takes place almost entirely in an old country mansion. There, two young orphans are looked after by a young governess by whom most of the story is narrated by. As Deadline exclusively announced, Victoria Pedretti plays the governess. On Wednesday, Flanagan revealed that Hill House thespian Henry Thomas was coming back for Bly Manor, and yesterday he announced that the series’ Kate Siegel was coming back too.

Originally from London, England, Rahul began his career by performing in local theater. In early 2014, Rahul self-taped for the CW pilot, iZombie, which was created by Rob Thomas. Several days later, they offered the role to Kohli as Rob Thomas knew he was his guy after viewing his audition. Earlier this year, Kohli wrapped the fifth and final season of iZombie. Previously, Kohli starred in the feature Netflix film, Happy Anniversary, opposite Ben Schwartz and Noel Wells. The film is about a couple (Ben and Noel) at a crossroads in their relationship and Kohli plays Schwartz’s best friend. Kohli is represented by Artists First and United Agents in the UK.

Parker’s Poppy Hill in Hill House was a 1920s-era ghost who married into the Hill family. She met her husband, William Hill, in the asylum where they were both patients and took up residence in Hill House shortly after. As a ghost, Poppy believes the only way to wake up humans from their nightmares is to kill them. Parker is repped by Luber Roklin and VanderKloot Law.

Trevor Macy is EP on Bly Manor under the Intrepid Pictures banner with Flanagan. Amblin TV and Paramount TV are also behind Bly Manor. It is slated to debut in 2020.

Intrepid Pictures also has Warner Bros.’ The Shining sequel Doctor Sleep on Nov. 8, which Flanagan directed, as well as Midnight Mass, a second horror series that will be coming to Netflix.

Below are Flanagan’s tweets:

https://twitter.com/flanaganfilm/status/1167485985451429888

Almost a decade ago, I first worked with CATHERINE PARKER on a tiny movie called ABSENTIA. Last season, she was unforgettable as Poppy Hill… today, I’m thrilled to announce that she’s joining us at Bly Manor. — Mike Flanagan (@flanaganfilm) August 30, 2019


Quick Strike Rigging Winter Pike

By Mike Lunde

Northern pike are one of the dominant piscivorous predators that roam Alaska's freshwater lakes and river systems. During the ice fishing season, hardwater anglers utilize a twofold combination of vertical jigging techniques and tip-ups presentations to catch them. Compared to anglers targeting pike in lower 48 watersheds, there is an important difference as it applies to presenting bait on tip-ups in Alaska. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) regulations state that the use of live bait is illegal and this is done as a conservatory method to prevent the introduction of invasive species to Alaska's native fish populations. Even though trophy sized northern pike have been caught on livebait, deadbait is still as equally effective. They represent a large, stationary profile to hungry fish, triggering instinctive strikes. As a bonus, the putrid smell given off is transported through underwater currents which allow pike to use their olfactory senses to locate the bait. With catch-and-release angling becoming increasingly popular, quick-strike rigs have been successful in minimizing post-release mortality and increasing hooking efficiency.

Quick-Strike Rig Philosophy

The introduction of quick-strike rigs came into play approximately 30 years ago, working off an elaborate European design. Although several variations in existence, these rigs shared a fundamental design: a hook attached to the end of a 15- to 20- inch section of wire with a second riding a few inches above. A typical northern pike bait rig consisted of a large single or treble hook attached to a wire or fluorocarbon leader with livebait or deadbait impaled on the hook. Although an effective presentation, it otherwise proved detrimental to the survival of post-released fish. This concept was demonstrated by the Wisconsin DNR on a population of muskies. Terry Margineau, a Wisconsin DNR (WIDNR) fisheries biologist published a study that demonstrated that large single-hook (#10/0) livebait rigs killed fish because anglers waited several minutes for fish to manipulate their prey thereby resulting in lacerations of the stomach cavity. The study concluded that quick-strike rigs are effective presentations for minimizing catch-and-release mortality. It was apparent that tandem-hook rigs maximized hooking efficiency for several reasons: (1) increased probability of hook-ups, (2) pike are hooked shallower in the mouth thereby making hook removal easier, and (3) angler can set the hook instantly, rather than letting the fish run – hence the term “quick-strike”.

Quick-Strike Rig Systems

Two hooks or tandem-hook designs remain the ideal standard for quick-strike rigging. The function of hooks on quick-strike rigs serves two purposes – to hold the bait and hook the pike. One hook of the treble is impaled through the bait, leaving the remaining two exposed for hook-ups. Hook positioning on quick-strike rigs is important because if not rigged properly the bait rides in unnatural position in the water column, thus resulting in low percentage hook-ups. Many ice anglers generally nose hook or dorsal fin hook bait, and the success rate of these single-hook rigs are exceptionally low. To properly rig deadbait, the end hook is inserted slightly behind the dorsal fin of the baitfish with the upper hook inserted near the tail. Depending on the length of the bait, the distance in between both hooks should be 2 to 4 inches. When selecting deadbait, choose oily baitfish that give off that putrid stench. Popular baitfish to select for deadbait include herring, smelt, sardines, least ciscoes, whitefish, and longnose suckers.

A variety of commercial manufacturers make quick-strike rigs that work for presenting deadbait, yet there is a problem as it pertains to the hook positioning. Fixed hook positioning results in deadbaits held in an unnatural, upright position. The quick-strike rigs presented here allow for a horizontal, natural deadbait presentation. Personal preferences for leader material vary between wire and flourocarbon. In clear water situations, flourocarbon is necessary despite the sharp teeth pike possess. Flourocarbon is much more abrasion resistance and has less stretch compared to monofilament which essentially means its fairly tooth resistant. For wire, titanium or sevenstrand stainless steel wire will suffice in for most water conditions.

Quick-Strike Rigging Formula

Select a 20 to 35 inch piece of wire or fluorocarbon, allowing a few inches for crimping. Insert one tag end through a crimp sleeve and slide up a few inches. Insert a barrel swivel onto the wire. While using your thumb as a guide, take that tag end piece of wire and reinsert it through again as you first began. Slide wire or flurocarbon through crimp sleeve and crimp very tight with pliers or crimping tool. The same process will be applied when attaching the cross-lock or dulock snap. Cut another 8 to 14 inch separate section of flurocarbon or wire. Insert crimp sleeve up both tag ends and slide it up until a small loop is formed. Once the small loop has been established, crimp the sleeve tight. The final step is crimping on two treble hooks of similar size. Follow the same crimping process as mentioned previously for the barrel swivel and cross-lock snap.

An additive bonus to provide on quick-strike rigs is a spinner. Since northern pike rely heavily on their sight and lateral line for feeding, the addition of spinners onto a quick-strike rig provides that acoustic vibration in the water column that simulates struggling prey. This alerts and triggers pike from longer distances to strike. Often this is a huge advantage during low-light conditions or reduced water clarity or else when a pike’s vision is obscured in dense, aquatic vegetation. To add spinners onto a quick-strike rig, directly thread the spinner on the wire just above the top hook. Add a quick-change clevis to interchange spinner blade type (e.g. Colorado, Indiana, or Willow-leaf blade) and colors. Popular spinner colors to experiment with include silver, gold, hot orange, and chartreuse.

As the baitfish length increases, the size of the treble hook increases. This table is a general comparison of hook size to baitfish length that should be used when constructing quick-strike rigs. By matching preferred hook size to correct baitfish length, the quick-strike rig maximizes hooking efficiency.