# Mandelbulber settings file
# version 2.22
# only modified parameters
[main_parameters]
ambient_occlusion 0,5;
ambient_occlusion_enabled true;
ambient_occlusion_mode 0;
brightness 1,2;
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gamma 0,8;
image_height 1080;
image_width 1920;
keyframe_last_to_render 0;
legacy_coordinate_system true;
main_light_beta -45;
main_light_intensity 0,7;
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mat1_is_defined true;
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mat2_is_defined true;
mat2_name primitive_water_1;
mat2_reflectance 0,7;
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mat2_use_colors_from_palette false;
primitive_water_1_enabled true;
primitive_water_1_length 4e-05;
primitive_water_1_material_id 2;
primitive_water_1_position 0 0 -1,69470320001364;
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primitive_water_1_rotation 180 0 -80;
raytraced_reflections true;
reflections_max 3;
target -0,115621444590899 -1,810208712310202 -1,694993579855311;
view_distance_max 11,04844396137546;
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volumetric_fog_colour_2_distance 0,0001589445871345126;
volumetric_fog_density 0,3;
volumetric_fog_distance_factor 0,0001589445871345126;
volumetric_fog_enabled true;
[fractal_1]
mandelbox_folding_min_radius 0,3;
mandelbox_rotation_neg_1 4 5 4;
mandelbox_rotation_neg_3 3 5 4;
mandelbox_rotation_pos_1 2 8 7;
mandelbox_rotation_pos_2 2 5 4;
mandelbox_rotation_pos_3 3 4 3;
mandelbox_rotations_enabled true;
mandelbox_scale -1,3;


higher doses of Progesterone increasing my energy and insomnia

by Nicole
(Hillsborough, NH 03244)

Hello,I suffer from insomnia, estrogen dominance (heavy painful periods, fibrocystic breasts, breast tenderness, PMS, pms induced insomnia. I also have creative ADHD -my mind is very active, but physically I am not hyper. I burn through food and started eating Paleo the past 6 months and added more healthy fats especially while I PMS because I seem to be ravenous! I also occasionally take .25 mg of Xanax to shut my brain down at night.

I started Progesterone 20 mg per day a couple of weeks ago and experienced frequent urination and dry mouth, but that went away after a week. I am taking 5HTP and CBD oil at night and I was falling asleep without a problem, but waking up in the middle of the night around 4 or 5 (I fall asleep around midnight) and I'm up for about an hour or so and then fall back to sleep and wake up around 9 or 10am which is too late for me.

I read about elevated estrogen levels while taking low doses of progesterone so I raised my dose to 100 mg (50mg in am, 50mg in pm) Saturday with hopes of it helping me stay asleep and I became very energetic (which was cool because I got a lot done that day) but it felt like I drank 8 cups of coffee! I couldn't really sit still, I felt a little anxious yet I felt calm, it makes no sense. That night I was up until about 3 am (not normal for me) and I had to take about 1 mg (very high dose for me) of Xanax to shut my brain down. I have not had to take any Xanax in a while and was not happy about this at all, but I needed to sleep!! And usually I only need .25mg and I'm out. So yesterday I upped my dose to 200 mg (100mg in am and 100mg in pm between meals) after reading articles on this website and I was zipping around the house like the flash! Getting tons of chores done, cooking and getting ready to watch the Super Bowl. Still had a lot of energy that night, and tried to calm myself down. I went to bed at 11:30 after taking my usual doses of 5htp and CBD oil and tossed and turned until about 2 am. It wasn't just my mind keeping me up, I felt like I could have run like 4 miles. I took .5mg of Xanax waited, nothing took .25 more nothing, took .25 more and finally fell asleep. I woke up at 7 am with the same amount of energy ready to go run a darn marathon! When I should be having a xanax hangover!

I don't know what to do because I read the benefits of progesterone and how it helps lower your risk of breast cancer and ease pms symptoms and help with sleep and it seems the more I take, the more hyper I become physically and mentally. My mom has the same symptoms with it as well.

I do take vitamins: vitamin D, b-complex, magnesium, ashwaghanda, vitamin C, omega, a multi vitamin, probiotics and food enzymes twice a day, they are food based vitamins, not synthetic, so they are high quality. I eat paleo like I mentioned earlier and drink only water and occasionally coffee.

I feel like I need to ease myself into the progesterone until my body gets used to it. if this is the case, what is the best way to do that?

The How to use Progesterone Cream page explains that 20mg progesterone is not enough, so increasing to 200mg was a good idea. Progesterone therapy can take between 2-6 months before positive results are seen. I suggest that you continue on that amount, use every day with no breaks until you feel stable enough, then you can continue to use by following your cycle if you still have one. If not, then use every day. Once stable you can slowly reduce down to 100mg per day. You will have to experiment to see what works for you.

Thank you for your response! The only issue is when I take 100 mg or more I feel very hyper, anxious, shaky, and cannot sleep at all. Which makes it very discouraging. I'm just going to start low and increase it every couple of weeks, I guess.

Although this web site is not intended to be prescriptive, it is intended, and hoped, that it will induce in you a sufficient level of scepticism about some health care practices to impel you to seek out medical advice that is not captive to purely commercial interests, or blinded by academic and institutional hubris. You are encouraged to refer any health problem to a health care practitioner and, in reference to any information contained in this web site, preferably one with specific knowledge of progesterone therapy.


WASHINGTON — The two biggest manufacturers of military aircraft have been busy marketing new versions of their fighter jets to the U.S. Air Force, but the service’s top official told Defense News in an exclusive interview that it’s not actually interested in purchasing either of them at the current moment.

This summer, Defense One broke two major stories about sales pitches from Boeing, which is proposing an advanced version of the F-15 to the Air Force, and Lockheed Martin, which has been pushing a hybrid version of the F-22 Raptor and F-35 joint strike fighter similar to what it is reportedly offering Japan.

But just because those companies are offering new jets, doesn’t mean that the Air Force wants them.

In an exclusive Sept. 5 interview, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said she believes the service needs to expend its precious financial resources on stealthy, fifth-generation platforms — specifically the F-35 — and thus buying even an advanced fourth generation fighter like the so-called F-15X is not in the cards.

"We are currently 80 percent fourth-gen aircraft and 20 percent fifth generation aircraft,” she said. "In any of the fights that we have been asked to plan for, more fifth gen aircraft make a huge difference, and we think that getting to 50-50 means not buying new fourth gen aircraft, it means continuing to increase the fifth generation.”

What about a new fifth generation plane that would combine the F-35 and F-22?

Wilson shut down that idea as well, saying that proposal "is not something we’re currently considering.”

What’s going on with America’s next fighter designs? The U.S. Air Force and Navy have ongoing efforts to create a new fighter design, but what does that look like?

× Fear of missing out? Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. Thanks for signing up. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief.

In a statement, a Lockheed spokesman said that the company was focused on the F-35 program but also looking into generational leaps in capability “to ensure our technology, including existing aircraft, remains a step ahead of advancing threats.”

Boeing declined to comment on this story.

The Air Force secretary’s proclamations seem to pour cold water on both Lockheed and Boeing’s sales pitches, but it is always possible that others inside the service are in favor of buying the F-15X and F-22/F-35 hybrid — and that they could continue making the case to Air Force leadership, potentially winning them over.

Sources that spoke to The War Zone said Boeing was in “very serious” talks with the Air Force over the F-15X, but that the service had shied away from making its interest public so as to not to derail it’s number-one procurement priority, the F-35. Defense News has also heard from multiple sources that the Air Force has been in talks with Boeing over the F-15X for over a year, though it’s unknown at what levels those conversations currently reside.

Experts who spoke with Defense News said it’s very likely that the Air Force intends to keep its focus on ramping up F-35 production for the time being, but that alternative platforms could very well be considered in future years.

However, it is the F-22/F-35 hybrid, not the F-15X, that they believe stands a better chance of being adopted by the Air Force.

Defense One, which broke the story about Lockheed’s hybrid offer, wrote that the proposed jet would involve taking the F-22 airframe and outfitting it with some of the F-35’s more advanced mission systems, though some structural changes could also be involved.

“Every F-22 hybrid or derivative I’ve seen has been great,” said Rebecca Grant, a defense analyst with IRIS independent Research.

The Air Force is in great need of such a stealthy air superiority aircraft because it only procured 183 F-22s, she said. Its other plane that specializes in the air-to-air fight, the F-15C/D, was originally fielded in the 1970s.

Grant said she interprets Wilson’s dismissal of the F-22/F-35 hybrid as a reflection of near-term requirements and priorities, noting that “job one is acquiring the F-35.” But in the future, that jet could be what the service decides it needs to contend with current and future threats.

David Deptula, the dean of the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Power Studies and a retired Air Force lieutenant general, agreed that the service should continue buying F-35s for the time being.

However, the F-22/F-35 hybrid might be a good option for the service in the future, when it begins looking for a next-generation air superiority jet, which the Air Force has variously called Penetrating Counter Air and Next Generation Air Dominance.

Air Force's Next Fighter Jet a Program to Watch in 2017 2017 could be a decisive year for the Air Force’s future fighter jet, as the service begins multiple efforts that will help determine the requirements of its so-called Penetrating Counter Air capability.

“I think as the Air Force looks down the road at the concept of a Penetrating Counter Air and Next Generation Air Dominance — where it’s looking at and researching how we achieve order of magnitude increases in fundamental aviation elements such as aerodynamics, propulsion, low observability, sensor suite and sensor integration — there are a lot of options,” he said.

Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson pushed back on reports that the service was considering a new version of the F-15 to replace its legacy F-15C/Ds. (Staff Sgt. Alex Fox Echols III/U.S. Air Force)

The War Zone, which has published the most detailed account of Boeing’s proposal, reported that Boeing is willing to sell the F-15X under a fixed price contract and intends to deliver the aircraft at a unit cost that’s “well below” $95 million (for reference, each Lot 10 F-35A costs about that much, but unit costs are expected to decrease to about $89 million in Lot 11).

The new F-15s would include a suite of new capabilities including a APG-82 radar, the Eagle Passive Active Warning Survivability System (EPAWSS) electronic warfare suite, a Legion Pod-mounted infrared search and track system and the ability to carry up to 22 missiles at a time.

Boeing’s new F-15X may replace an aging fleet of F-15C/D Eagles The Air Force’s fleet of F-15 C and D Eagle fighters are aging faster than F-35 Joint Strike Fighters are being fielded. There’s a gap in the transition that some think needs to be filled. Boeing’s new F-15X design may be the Air Force’s answer to that issue.

But both Grant and Deptula, who are noted advocates of stealth technology, were less effusive about the sales case for the F-15X.

“I don’t see a role for an F-15X,” Grant said, adding that the service needs the stealth and advanced battle management capabilities of an F-22 or F-35.

While the Air Force used fourth-generation fighters to suppress enemy air defense capabilities during Desert Storm, adversaries have made advances to their own integrated air defenses that will make it difficult for a plane like the F-15X to penetrate, even after stealth platforms have kicked down the door, Deptula said.


---
abstract: 'We study the quantum-jump-based feedback control on the entanglement shared between two qubits with one of them subject to decoherence, while the other qubit is under the control. This situation is very relevant to a quantum system consisting of nuclear and electron spins in solid states. The possibility to prolong the coherence time of the dissipative qubit is also explored. Numerical simulations show that the quantum-jump-based feedback control can improve the entanglement between the qubits and prolong the coherence time for the qubit subject directly to decoherence.'
author:
- 'S. C. Hou'
- 'X. L. Huang'
- 'X. X. Yi'
title: 'Suppressing decoherence and improving entanglement by quantum-jump-based feedback control in two-level systems'
---

introduction
============

Superposition of states and entanglement make quantum information processing much different from its classical counterpart. But a quantum state would unavoidably interact with its environment, resulting in a degradation of coherence and entanglement. For example, spontaneous emission in atomic qubits [@Roos] would spoil the coherence of quantum states and limit the entanglement time.

Recent experimental advances have enabled individual systems to be monitored and manipulated at quantum level [@Puppe]. This makes the quantum feedback control realizable. Among the feedback controls, The homodyne-mediated feedback [@Wiseman; @Wiseman2] and quantum-jump-based feedback controls have been proposed to generate steady state entanglement in a cavity [@Wang; @Carvalho]. These two feedback schemes are Markovian, namely, a feedback information proportional to the quantum-jump detection is synchronously used. Besides, these control scheme can also be used to suppress decoherence [@Viola; @Katz; @Ganesan; @Zhang].

Meanwhile, researchers are looking for proper systems for experimental implementation of quantum information processing. Among the various candidates, solid-states quantum devices based on superconductors [@Bertet] and lateral quantum dots [@Hayashi] are promising ones, however, the decoherence from intrinsic noise originating from two-level fluctuators is hard to engineered [@Rebentrost]. For this reason, the nuclear spins have attracted considerable attention [@Vandersypen] due to its long coherence times [@Ladd]. But their weak interactions to others make the preparation, control, and detection on them difficult. Thanks to its intrinsic interactions with electron spins, electron spin can be used as an ancilla to access single nuclear spin. This naturally leads us to rise the following question: can feedback strategy be used to suppress decoherence, prepare and protect entanglement between the nuclear and electron spins by controlling the electron spin? In this paper, we will study this problem by considering a nuclear spin (as a qubit) coupled to electron spin (as the other qubit) that is exposed to its environment. We show that a Markovian feedback based on quantum-jump can be used to suppress decoherence, produce entanglement and protect it.

The paper is organized as follows: In Sec.[II]{}, we describe our model and present the dynamics in absence of feedback. In Sec.[III]{}, we introduce the quantum-jump-based feedback control and give the dynamical equation under the feedback control. The effect of feedback control on decoherence and entanglement is discussed in Sec.[IV]{} and Sec.[V]{}, respectively. Sec.[VI]{} concludes our results.

model
=====

Our system consists of a pair of two-level systems, called qubit 1 and qubit 2, where only the qubit 2 interacts with its environment. We present a scheme employing quantum-jump-based feedback control on the qubit 2 to affect the decoherence of the qubit 1 and increase entanglement between the two qubits. The Hamiltonian of the system reads $$\begin{aligned}
H=\frac{1}{2}\hbar\omega_1\sigma_{1}^z+\frac{1}{2}\hbar\omega_2\sigma_{2}^z+\hbar
g(\sigma_1^+\sigma_2^-+\sigma_1^-\sigma_2^+) .
\label{eqn:systemhamiltonian}\end{aligned}$$ The first two terms represent the free Hamiltonian of the two qubits, the last term describes their interactions under the rotating-wave approximation. $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are the transition frequency of the two qubits, respectively. $g $ is the coupling strength of the two qubits. $\sigma_z$ is the Pauli matrix, i.e., $\sigma_z={|e\rangle}{\langlee|}-{|g\rangle}{\langleg|}$, and $\sigma^+={|e\rangle}{\langleg|}$, $\sigma^-={|g\rangle}{\langlee|}.$

The state of this quantum system can be described by the density operator $\rho$ which is obtained by tracing out the environment. The dynamics of open quantum systems can be described by quantum master equations. The most general form of master equation for the density operator is [@quantumoptics; @quantumnoise] $$\begin{aligned}
\dot{\rho}=-\frac{i}{\hbar}[H,\rho]+\mathcal{L}(\rho),
\label{eqn:masterequation}\end{aligned}$$ where $H$ is the system Hamiltonian and $\mathcal{L}$ is a superoperator defined by $\mathcal{L}(\rho)=\Sigma_k\gamma_k(L_k\rho
L_k^{\dag}-\frac{1}{2}L_k^\dag L_k\rho-\frac{1}{2}\rho L_k^\dag
L_k),$ in which different $k$ characterizes different dissipative channels.

In our system, the first qubit is assumed to be isolated from environment. The decoherence comes from the spontaneous emission of the qubit 2 (the second qubit). This situation is of relevance to a system consisting of nuclear and electron spins in aforementioned solid state devices. The dynamics of such a system takes, $$\begin{aligned}
\dot{\rho}=-\frac{i}{\hbar}[H,\rho]+\gamma(\sigma_2^-\rho\sigma_2^+-
\frac{1}{2}\sigma_2^+\sigma_2^-\rho-\frac{1}{2}\rho
\sigma_2^+\sigma_2^-) .
\label{eqn:full}\end{aligned}$$ Here $\sigma_2^{\pm}=I_1\otimes\sigma_2^{\pm}$. The second part of Eq.(\[eqn:full\]) describes the dissipation of our system with $\gamma$ the decay rate.

Though the first qubit is assumed to be isolated from environment, it still loss coherence due to the coupling to the second qubit. The decoherence process can be showed by the decay of off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix for the first qubit.

In order to investigate this decoherence, we calculate the evolution of system density operator $\rho$ and then trace out the second qubit to get the reduced matrix $$\begin{aligned}
\rho_1=\text{Tr}_2(\rho)=\sum_{k=e,g}{ }_2\langle k|\rho|k\rangle_2=
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\rho_{ee} & \rho_{eg}\\
\rho_{ge} & \rho_{gg}\\
\end{array}
\right).\end{aligned}$$ The diagonal elements are the populations in the excited and ground states of the first qubit. And the off-diagonal elements represent the coherence of the qubit 1.

Quantum-jump-based Feedback control
===================================

Quantum feedback controls play an increasingly important role in quantum information processing. It is widely used to create and stabilize entanglement as well as combat with decoherence [@Carvalho; @Wang; @Zhang; @Katz]. In our model, the second qubit is used as an ancilla through which the feedback can affect the dynamics of the first qubit, i.e., by employing a feedback control on the second qubit, we control the first qubit. The goal is to suppress the decoherence of the first qubit and enhance the entanglement between the two qubits by a feedback control on the second qubit[@Carvalho].

Our feedback control strategy is based on quantum-jump detection. The master equation with feedback can be derived from the general measurement theory [@Wiseman2]. In our paper, Eq.(\[eqn:full\]) is equivalent to $$\begin{aligned}
\rho(t+dt)=\sum_{\alpha=0,1}\Omega_{\alpha}(T)\rho(t)\Omega_{\alpha}^{\dag}(T).
\label{measure}\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned}
\Omega_{1}(dt)=\sqrt{\gamma dt}\sigma_2^-
\\\Omega_{0}=1-(\frac{i}{\hbar}H+\frac{1}{2}\gamma\sigma_2^+\sigma_2^-)dt.
\label{measure2}\end{aligned}$$ When the measurement result is $\alpha=1$, a detection occurs, which causes a finite evolution in the system via $\Omega_1(dt)$. This is called a quantum jump. Then the unnormalized density matrix becomes $\tilde{\rho}_{\alpha=1}=\sigma_2^-\rho(t)\sigma_2^+dt$. The feedback control is added by giving $\tilde{\rho}_{\alpha=1}$ a finite unitary evolution, then $\tilde{\rho}_{\alpha=1}$ become $\tilde{\rho}_{\alpha=1}=F\sigma_2\rho(t)\sigma_2^+F^{\dag}dt$. In the limit that the feedback acts immediately after a detection and in a very shot time (much smaller than the time scale of the system’s evolution), the master equation is Markovian, $$\begin{aligned}
\dot{\rho}=-\frac{i}{\hbar}[H,\rho]+\gamma(F\sigma_2^-\rho\sigma_2^+F^\dag-
\frac{1}{2}\sigma_2^+\sigma_2^-\rho-\frac{1}{2}\rho
\sigma_2^+\sigma_2^-). \label{eqn:controlled}\end{aligned}$$ Here $F=e^{iH_f}$ and $H_f=-\frac{1}{\hbar}H_f't_f.$ We see that the operator $H_f$ contains a relatively large operator $H_f'$ multiplied by a very short time $t_f$ (Markovian assumption), but the product represents a certain amount of evolution, so it is convenient to discuss $H_f$ instead of $H_f'$ and $t_f$. Here $H_f$ is a $2\times 2$ hermit operator which can be decomposed by Pauli matrixes $H_f=A_x\sigma_x+A_y\sigma_y+A_z\sigma_z$ ($A_x,A_y,A_z$ are real numbers). So we have, $$\begin{aligned}
F=I_1\otimes e^{i\vec{A}\cdot\vec{\sigma}}=I_1\otimes(\cos|\vec{A}|+i\frac{\sin|\vec{A}|}{|\vec{A}|}
\vec{A}\cdot\vec{\sigma}).
\label{eqn:feedback}\end{aligned}$$ Here $\vec{\sigma}=(\sigma_{x},\sigma_{y},\sigma_{z})$ and $\vec{A}=(A_x,A_y,A_z)$ representing the amplitude of $\sigma_x,\sigma_y$ and $\sigma_z$ control.

In order to understand the physical meaning of feedback operator $F$, we rewrite it as $F=I_1\otimes
e^{-i\frac{\omega}{2}\vec{n}\cdot\vec{\sigma}}$ where $\vec{n}=(\sin{\theta}\cos{\phi},sin{\theta}\sin{\phi},
\cos{\theta})$ and $\vec{\sigma}=(\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z)$, this feedback operator is equivalent to a time-evolution with evolution operator $F=I_1\otimes e^{iH_f}$. And it is clear that the operator $F$ rotate the Bloch vector of the second qubit with the angle $\omega$ around the $\vec{n}$ axis. The relationship between the two forms of $F$ are $A_x=-\frac{\omega}{2}\sin{\theta}\cos{\phi},
A_y=-\frac{\omega}{2}\sin{\theta}\sin{\phi},
A_z=-\frac{\omega}{2}\cos{\theta}.$ So a $\sigma_x$ control ($A_y=0,A_z=0$) means rotating the Bloch vector with a certain amount of angle around the $x$ axis of Bloch sphere, so does the $A_y$ and $A_z$ control. Different $\vec{A}$ represents different feedback evolution i.e., rotate the Bloch vector with a particular angle around a particular direction in the Bloch sphere. For simplicity, we discuss the $\sigma_x, \sigma_y,\sigma_z$ control one by one in the following.

This control mechanism has the advantage of being simple to apply in practice, since it does not need real time state estimation as Bayesian feedback control does[@Wiseman3]. The emission of the second qubit is measured by a photo detector, whose signal provides the information to design the control $F$. In this kind of monitoring, the absence of signal predominates the dynamics and the control is triggered only after a detection click, i.e. a quantum jump, occurs.

Decoherence suppression
=======================

Before investigating the influence of the feedback control, we first analyze the evolution of our system without control. Assume that the two qubits are initially in the same pure superposition state, for example, $|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|e\rangle_1+|g\rangle_1)
\otimes\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|e\rangle_2+|g\rangle_2)$. The corresponding density matrix is, $$\begin{aligned}
\rho_0=|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\frac{1}{4}
\left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\end{array}
\right).\end{aligned}$$ We assign the Planck constant $\hbar$ to be 1, $\omega_1=\omega_2=\omega$ in Eq.(\[eqn:systemhamiltonian\]), and $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. After numerical calculation, we get the evolution of the density matrix for the first qubit without control. Since $\rho_{eg}=\rho_{ge}^*, \rho_{ee}+\rho_{gg}=1$, we only discuss coherence $|\rho_{eg}|$ and excited state population $\rho_{ee}$ for simplicity. The evolution of $|\rho_{eg}|$ and $\rho_{ee}$ without control is depicted in Fig.\[FIG:rhovs\] (a) and (b) (dashed lines).

In Fig.\[FIG:rhovs\] (a), a fast decay of $|\rho_{eg}|$ (dashed line) can be found. This demonstrates that the first qubit lost coherence due to the second qubit’s spontaneous emission and their interaction. Meanwhile, the first qubit lost energy due to couplings to the second qubit (Fig.\[FIG:rhovs\] (b) (dashed line)). The results also show that the populations in excited state and ground state decay away. This is because the first qubit exchange energy with the second qubit, see Eq.(\[eqn:systemhamiltonian\]).

![(a) Time evolution of $|\rho_{eg}|$ with and without control. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$. The different curves correspond to $A_x=1.2,A_y=A_z=0$(solid line) and $A_x=A_y=A_z=0=0$ (dashed line), for $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. The feedback control strategy results in an improvement in decoherence time evidently. (b) Excited state population $\rho_{ee}$ evolution with and without control for the same parameters with (a), the decay of excited state population is slower in the controlled scheme.[]{data-label="FIG:rhovs"}](rhoegvs.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![(a) Time evolution of $|\rho_{eg}|$ with and without control. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$. The different curves correspond to $A_x=1.2,A_y=A_z=0$(solid line) and $A_x=A_y=A_z=0=0$ (dashed line), for $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. The feedback control strategy results in an improvement in decoherence time evidently. (b) Excited state population $\rho_{ee}$ evolution with and without control for the same parameters with (a), the decay of excited state population is slower in the controlled scheme.[]{data-label="FIG:rhovs"}](rhoeevs.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}

Now we add feedback control $F$ to our system, the master equation then becomes Eq.(\[eqn:controlled\]). Our system is initially in the state $\rho_0$, other parameters remain unchanged.

![The evolution of absolute value of the first qubit’s off-diagonal element with different control parameters, for $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$ and $t$ in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$. (a) The $\sigma_x$ control for $A_x=0\thicksim\pi,A_y=A_z=0$. (b) The $\sigma_y$ control for $A_y=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_z=0$. (c) The $\sigma_z$ control for $A_z=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_y=0$. When the feedback amplitude is chosen to be about 1.3 and 1.9 for both $\sigma_x$ and $\sigma_y$ control, the oscillation of off-diagonal element is remarkably enhanced. The $\sigma_z$ control doesn’t work in our model. []{data-label="FIG:rho3"}](rhoax.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![The evolution of absolute value of the first qubit’s off-diagonal element with different control parameters, for $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$ and $t$ in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$. (a) The $\sigma_x$ control for $A_x=0\thicksim\pi,A_y=A_z=0$. (b) The $\sigma_y$ control for $A_y=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_z=0$. (c) The $\sigma_z$ control for $A_z=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_y=0$. When the feedback amplitude is chosen to be about 1.3 and 1.9 for both $\sigma_x$ and $\sigma_y$ control, the oscillation of off-diagonal element is remarkably enhanced. The $\sigma_z$ control doesn’t work in our model. []{data-label="FIG:rho3"}](rhoay.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![The evolution of absolute value of the first qubit’s off-diagonal element with different control parameters, for $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$ and $t$ in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$. (a) The $\sigma_x$ control for $A_x=0\thicksim\pi,A_y=A_z=0$. (b) The $\sigma_y$ control for $A_y=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_z=0$. (c) The $\sigma_z$ control for $A_z=0\thicksim\pi,A_x=A_y=0$. When the feedback amplitude is chosen to be about 1.3 and 1.9 for both $\sigma_x$ and $\sigma_y$ control, the oscillation of off-diagonal element is remarkably enhanced. The $\sigma_z$ control doesn’t work in our model. []{data-label="FIG:rho3"}](rhoaz.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}

We first analysis the $\sigma_x$ control by choosing feedback amplitude $A_x=0\thicksim\pi, A_y=A_z=0$. Note that when $A_y=A_z=0,$ the feedback amplitude $A_x$ influence the system’s evolution with a period of $\pi$ which comes from the term $F\sigma_2^-\rho\sigma_2^+F^{\dag}$ in Eq.(\[eqn:feedback\]). It can be analytically proved that $e^{iA_x\sigma_x}\sigma^-\rho_2\sigma^+
e^{-iA_x\sigma_x}=e^{i(A_x+\pi)
\sigma_x}\sigma^-\rho_2\sigma^+e^{-i(A_x+\pi)\sigma_x}$ and $e^{iA_y\sigma_y}\sigma^-\rho_2\sigma^+e^{iA_y\sigma_y}=
e^{i(A_y+\pi)\sigma_y}\sigma^-\rho_2\sigma^+e^{i(A_y+\pi)\sigma_y}$ under any $A_x$ and $A_y$. Here $\rho_2$ is the reduced density matrix of the second qubit. The absolute value for the first qubit’s off-diagonal density matrix element evolves as showed in Fig.\[FIG:rho3\] (a). The figure indicates that, for an appropriate feedback amplitude , $A_x\approx1.3$ and $A_x\approx1.9$, the absolute value of off-diagonal element can be evidently enhanced compared with the uncontrolled case ($A_x=0$). That means the decoherence is partially suppressed. The improvement of coherence caused by feedback is shown explicitly in Fig.\[FIG:rhovs\] (a). We plot $|\rho_{eg}|$, representing the coherence of the first qubit, as a function of time with $A_x=1.2,A_y=A_z=0$ (a selected controlled case). In comparison with the uncontrolled case, a stronger oscillation amplitude and longer dechoherence time appears. Meanwhile, the $\rho_{ee}$ decays slowly compared to the uncontrolled case as shown in Fig.\[FIG:rho3\] (b).

Similarly, the $\sigma_y$ control is also able to slow down the decay of $|\rho_{eg}|$. We make $A_y=0\thicksim\pi, A_x=A_z=0$. The numerical results of $|\rho_{eg}|$ is shown in Fig.\[FIG:rho3\] (b). Unlike the $\sigma_x$ and $\sigma_y$ control, the $\sigma_z$ control ($A_z=0\thicksim\pi, A_x=A_y=0$) has no effect on the evolution of the system as shown in Fig.\[FIG:rho3\] (c). This is because $e^{iA_z\sigma_z}\sigma_-\rho_2\sigma_+
e^{-iA_z\sigma_z}=\rho_2$ for any $A_z$. The physics behind this result is that after emitting a photon, the controlled qubit must stay in the ground state with the Bloch vector pointing the bottom of the Bloch sphere, so the rotation around $z$ axis does not change the Bloch vector, i.e., the state of the qubit remains unchanged.

The present results show that decoherence of the first qubit can be suppressed by controlling its partner. The decoherence source in our system is the spontaneous emission of the second qubit, once the detector detects a photon, i.e. a quantum jump of the second qubit happens, the feedback beam instantaneously act on the second qubit and then the first qubit is impacted through the coupling of the two qubit. The feedback control scheme can reduce the destructive effects of coherence and slow down the dissipation of energy.

The control effect is relevant to the coupling strength $g$. When $g$ is small, the first qubit is hard to be impacted by the second qubit, so it’s hard to prepare, measure and control the state of the first qubit. As the interaction goes stronger, the effect of feedback control becomes more evident.

For the case discussed in Fig.\[FIG:rhovs\], the first qubit is dissipative. We found that when the control parameters is chosen as: $A_x=\frac{\pi}{2},A_y=A_z=0$ , or $A_y=\frac{\pi}{2},A_x=A_y=0$ with the two qubits initially being prepared in the same states, the decoherence dynamics turns to a phase damping type. The population in ground state and excited state do not change, while the off-diagonal elements evolves in the same way as in the uncontrolled case. We show this in a bloch sphere[@Altafini] in Fig.\[FIG:bloch\]. Here the reduced density matrix of the first qubit can be written by $\rho_1=\frac{1}{2}(I+\vec{P}\cdot\vec{\sigma})$. We can get the polarization vector components $P_x=\text{Tr}(\sigma_x\rho_1)$, $P_y=\text{Tr}(\sigma_y\rho_1)$ and $P_z=\text{Tr}(\sigma_z\rho_1)$.

![ Polarization vector evolution in a bloch sphere for feedback amplitude $A_x=\frac{\pi}{2},A_x=A_y=0$ (solid line) and $A_y=A_x=A_y=0$ (dashed line). The parameters are $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$, the initial state is $|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|e\rangle_1+|g\rangle_1)\otimes\frac{1}
{\sqrt{2}}(|e\rangle_2+|g\rangle_2)$.[]{data-label="FIG:bloch"}](bloch.eps){width="7cm"}

Entanglement control
====================

![(a) Conccurence as a function of time and $A_y$. The system is initially in the state $|\psi\rangle=|g\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$, for the parameters $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. (b) A controlled evolution for $A_y=0.5\pi,A_x=A_z=0$ vs. uncontrolled case. The entanglement is improved by choosing an appropriate feedback. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$ for (a) and (b).[]{data-label="FIG:cge"}](cgeay.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![(a) Conccurence as a function of time and $A_y$. The system is initially in the state $|\psi\rangle=|g\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$, for the parameters $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. (b) A controlled evolution for $A_y=0.5\pi,A_x=A_z=0$ vs. uncontrolled case. The entanglement is improved by choosing an appropriate feedback. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$ for (a) and (b).[]{data-label="FIG:cge"}](cgeayvs.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}

Quantum feedback control has been recently used to improve the creation of steady state entanglement in open quantum systems. A highly entangled states of two qubits in a cavity can be produced with an appropriate selection of the feedback Hamiltonian and detection strategy [@Carvalho; @Carvalho2]. We will show that the quantum-jump-based feedback scheme can produce and improve entanglement in our model. We choose the concurrence [@Wootters] as a measure of entanglement. For a mixed state represented by the density matrix $\rho$ the “spin-flipped” density operator reads $$\begin{aligned}
\tilde{\rho}=(\sigma_y\otimes\sigma_y)\rho^*(\sigma_y\otimes\sigma_y)\end{aligned}$$ where the $*$ denotes complex conjugate of $\rho$ in the bases of $\{|gg\rangle,  |ge\rangle,  |eg\rangle,  |ee\rangle\}$, and $\sigma_y$ is the usual Pauli matrix. The concurrence of the density matrix $\rho$ is defined as $$\begin{aligned}
C(\rho)=\max{(\sqrt{\lambda_1}-\sqrt{\lambda_2}
-\sqrt{\lambda_3}-\sqrt{\lambda_4},0)}.\end{aligned}$$ where $\lambda_i$ are eigenvalues of matrix $\rho\tilde{\rho}$ and sorted in decreasing order $\lambda_1>\lambda_2>\lambda_3>\lambda_4$. The range of concurrence is from 0 to 1, and $C=1$ represents the maximum entanglement.

In absence of spontaneous emission, i.e. $\gamma=0$, the system evolves without dissipation. We find that for the system initially in a separable state except $|\psi\rangle=|e\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$ or $|\psi\rangle=|g\rangle_1|g\rangle_2$ (the eigenstates of system Hamiltonian $H$), an entangled state can be generated due to the interaction between the two qubits. The amount of entanglement depends on initial states of the system and the coupling strength $g$. But when the spontaneous emission effect is taken into account, the performance of entanglement preparation get worse considerably.

![ (a) Conccurence as a function of time and $A_y$. The system is initially in the state $|\psi\rangle=|e\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$, for the parameters $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. (b) The controlled conccurence evolution for $A_y=1.2,A_x=A_z=0$ vs. uncontrolled case. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$ for (a) and (b).[]{data-label="FIG:cee"}](ceeay.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![ (a) Conccurence as a function of time and $A_y$. The system is initially in the state $|\psi\rangle=|e\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$, for the parameters $g/\omega=1,\gamma/\omega=0.5$. (b) The controlled conccurence evolution for $A_y=1.2,A_x=A_z=0$ vs. uncontrolled case. $t$ is in the unit of $\frac{1}{\omega}$ for (a) and (b).[]{data-label="FIG:cee"}](ceeayvs.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}

Now we investigate if our feedback control strategy can improve the entanglement preparation with the effect of spontaneous emission of the second qubit. The master equation with control is Eq.(\[eqn:controlled\]). The effect of feedback control lies in different choices for the feedback parameters $A_x, A_y, A_z$, the coupling strength $g$ and different initial states. Here we present two typical results with two different states.

Our first choice is the initial state $|\psi\rangle=|g\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$ with $\sigma_y$ control for $A_y=0\thicksim\pi, A_x=0, A_z=0$. The concurrence evolution is plotted as a function of time and feedback amplitude $A_y$ in Fig.\[FIG:cge\] (a), and Fig.\[FIG:cge\] (b) denotes the concurrence evolution with a selected feedback amplitude compared with the uncontrolled case. We see that entangled states can be generated with any feedback parameters, but it decreases with time because of the dissipative effect. When an appropriate feedback amplitude $A_y\approx0.9$ is chosen, the concurrence amplitude is remarkably enhanced, and the entanglement lasts for a long time. For the system initially in the state $|\psi\rangle=|e\rangle_1|e\rangle_2$ with $\sigma_y$ control, the dynamics of the concurrence is shown in Fig.\[FIG:cee\] (a). Note that in this case if there is no spontaneous effect, this is a steady state of the system, the density matrix elements does not change with time. Fig.\[FIG:cee\] (a) demonstrates that the dissipation and feedback can produce entanglement. We show this explicitly in Fig.\[FIG:cee\] (b) by choosing feedback amplitude $A_y=1.2$. We can see that for a proper feedback amplitude, after an entanglement death, a larger amount entanglement is regenerated.

The above results shows the feedback control strategy can be used to prepare and protect entanglement in our model. The effect of entanglement control strongly depends on the initial state. For a certain initial state, we found that the $\sigma_x$ control and $\sigma_y$ control has the similar effect but the $\sigma_z$ control does not work.

Conclusion and remarks
======================

In this paper, we studied the effect of quantum jump based feedback control on a system consisting of two qubits where only one of them subject to decoherence. By numerical simulation, we found that it is possible to suppress decoherence of the first qubits by a local control on the second qubits. We observed that the decoherence time of the first qubit is increased remarkably. The control scheme can also used to protect the entanglement between the two qubits. These features can be understood as that the feedback control changes the dissipative dynamics of the system through the quantum-jump operators. We would like to note that Hamiltonian Eq.(\[eqn:systemhamiltonian\]) does not describe the hyperfine interaction. However, by the recent technology we can simulate Hamiltonian Eq.(\[eqn:systemhamiltonian\]) in nuclear-electron spin systems, in this sense, the scheme presented here is available for nuclear-electron spin systems. On the other hand, by using the hyperfine interaction Hamiltonian, our further simulations show that we can obtain results similar to that for Hamiltonian Eq.(\[eqn:systemhamiltonian\]).

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Template:Zorkdied

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It appears that the last blow was too much for you. I'm afraid that you are dead.

As you take your last breath, you feel relieved of your burdens. The feeling passes as you find yourself before the gates of Hell, where the spirits jeer at you and deny you entry. Your senses are disturbed. The objects in the dungeon appear indistinct, bleached of color, even unreal.

> examine me

You appear to be made of a translucent floating white substance. There seems to be a golden halo hovering above your head.


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More Info An antique lithograph. Circa 1850. Williams was the son of Peter Williams, a Welsh Calvinist Methodist clergyman and biblical commentator, and was born in Llandyfaelog, Carmarthenshire, west Wales. After being educated at the grammar school in Carmarthen, he studied at the University of Oxford, matriculating from Jesus College, Oxford in 1785 and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Christ Church, Oxford in 1790. He was ordained in 1788 and served in Eastleach Martin (Gloucestershire), Swinbrook and Burford (both in Oxfordshire) before becoming rector of Llanrug and Llanberis in Caernarfonshire, north Wales, holding these posts until his death on 22 November 1836. His son, Henry Bayley Williams, later became rector of Llanrug and Llanberis.

Approx 31cms by 39cms.

An antique lithograph. Circa 1850. Williams was the son of Peter Williams, a Welsh Calvinist Methodist clergyman and biblical commentator, and was born in Llandyfaelog, Carmarthenshire, west Wales. After being educated at the grammar school in Carmarthen, he studied at the University of Oxford, matriculating from Jesus College, Oxford in 1785 and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Christ Church, Oxford in 1790. He was ordained in 1788 and served in Eastleach Martin (Gloucestershire), Swinbrook and Burford (both in Oxfordshire) before becoming rector of Llanrug and Llanberis in Caernarfonshire, north Wales, holding these posts until his death on 22 November 1836. His son, Henry Bayley Williams, later became rector of Llanrug and Llanberis.


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Calculate 232370072 divided by 44.
5281138
Divide -4295694 by -2.
2147847
Calculate -1064634 divided by -68.
532317/34
What is -620017 divided by -1?
620017
-5655730 divided by -85
66538
513 divided by -11545
-513/11545
What is 13853300 divided by -4777?
-2900
Calculate -22027366 divided by -2.
11013683
Calculate 192960218 divided by -5.
-192960218/5
-63718523 divided by -5
63718523/5
Divide -1242536562 by 6.
-207089427
-10311504 divided by -42
245512
Divide -785853797 by -367.
2141291
Calculate -79528 divided by 16.
-9941/2
Calculate 328299 divided by 16.
328299/16
Calculate 927 divided by -23829.
-309/7943
What is 8139930 divided by -2713310?
-3
11994670 divided by 5
2398934
Divide 6094884 by 2031628.
3
Calculate -1422 divided by 1490.
-711/745
What is 9866220 divided by -4170?
-2366
What is -61 divided by -1990884?
61/1990884
3566110 divided by -187690
-19
Divide 10767003 by 2067.
5209
3 divided by 32750413
3/32750413
Calculate -253632 divided by 16.
-15852
What is 0 divided by 47321857?
0
Calculate 14945 divided by -594.
-14945/594
-364709965 divided by 1779073
-205
Divide -88 by -1516286.
44/758143
What is 6951661 divided by 143?
6951661/143
Divide -281505064 by 35188133.
-8
Divide -38764264 by 11.
-3524024
-147 divided by 1331752
-147/1331752
Divide 271689984 by 235842.
1152
What is 1324644 divided by 1983?
668
63374 divided by 7158
31687/3579
What is -688012 divided by 13231?
-52
41213694 divided by 2
20606847
Calculate 9858265 divided by 9858265.
1
-48 divided by -2021434
24/1010717
-24052632 divided by 105494
-228
Calculate 8741600 divided by 14.
624400
Divide 17766835 by -2455.
-7237
Calculate 19151255 divided by 313955.
61
240372 divided by 9
26708
Divide 283730040 by 228.
1244430
Calculate -626173 divided by 99.
-626173/99
-630408 divided by 11
-630408/11
Divide -6802711 by 67.
-101533
What is 2941 divided by -1275?
-173/75
1766 divided by -398399
-1766/398399
4 divided by 1585567
4/1585567
Calculate 5261256 divided by -1287.
-4088
Divide 393848466 by 131282822.
3
858602935 divided by 17
50506055
What is -16220756 divided by -19?
853724
What is -4311461 divided by -10241?
421
-195227892 divided by -3518
55494
Divide 889870 by 75.
177974/15
125375125 divided by 5
25075025
Divide -5731500 by -477625.
12
Calculate 16857000 divided by 421425.
40
Divide 80704767 by 6487.
12441
What is 191074580 divided by -47768645?
-4
Divide -150 by 150325.
-6/6013
Calculate 85 divided by -306659.
-85/306659
What is -1912589 divided by -273227?
7
Calculate 173933864 divided by -52.
-3344882
Divide 4053 by 285.
1351/95
What is -9086425 divided by 313325?
-29
-658229 divided by 58
-658229/58
What is 40 divided by -260786?
-20/130393
-2673 divided by 8559
-99/317
Calculate -31 divided by 456883.
-31/456883
Calculate 181095470 divided by 5.
36219094
What is 27749410 divided by -13?
-2134570
What is 287131 divided by 20?
287131/20
Divide -251944109 by 3.
-251944109/3
Divide 1749564 by 194396.
9
Divide 549540 by -213.
-2580
1 divided by 12404721
1/12404721
-82909 divided by -542
82909/542
Calculate 75406331 divided by 143.
527317
Calculate 189344132 divided by 139.
1362188
Calculate -19016992 divided by -2.
9508496
5176906 divided by 4
2588453/2
What is 4191 divided by -1862?
-4191/1862
Divide -8773960 by -186680.
47
1 divided by -4148456
-1/4148456
Calculate 559976470 divided by 2.
279988235
What is -9643728 divided by 311088?
-31
Divide -14 by 77089588.
-7/38544794
Calculate 18359882 divided by -3526.
-5207
What is 184807680 divided by 570?
324224
Divide 40 by -2101179.
-40/2101179
830664900 divided by -18
-46148050
289 divided by 157571
289/157571
Divide -416478 by 448.
-208239/224
What is 88488868 divided by -2?
-44244434
Calculate -5354624 divided by -16.
334664
Divide -3140701 by 38.
-3140701/38
Calculate 753425522 divided by -376712761.
-2
Divide 19715 by -118.
-19715/118
Calculate 1561627 divided by 2.
1561627/2
Calculate 136795 divided by -102.
-136795/102
Calculate -2226092 divided by -203.
2226092/203
What is 4 divided by -98250822?
-2/49125411
Calculate -9423776 divided by -3716.
2536
-18730243 divided by -749
25007
Divide 249210 by -13.
-19170
Divide -97936776 by 324.
-302274
Calculate 171161880 divided by 1140.
150142
Calculate 7295040 divided by 8160.
894
11617952 divided by -36
-2904488/9
Divide -8958496 by -1136.
7886
What is 17 divided by 2956791?
17/2956791
Calculate -220380129 divided by 1.
-220380129
What is 45637 divided by 189?
45637/189
-94350294 divided by -15725049
6
Calculate 102 divided by -2661171.
-34/887057
Calculate -3 divided by -5220357.
1/1740119
-22488 div


Electrical interlocking is provided to avoid accidental simultaneous motions of crane due to activation of multiple push buttons at the same time. Limit switches are provided against over hoisting! over lowering and over travel in cross and longitudinal direction.

Hoist:

INDEF brand Wire rope electric hoist.
Hoist is generally conforming to IS 3938. Externally mounted TEFC. Squirrel cage, S4 Crane duty induction motor is provided for hoisting and lowering. Wire rope is as per IS 2266 and Hoist motor is as per IS 325 with class 'F insulation and (P-55 protection. Hoist drum is of seamless steel pipe. For other details refer wire rope hoist catalogue.


Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski have been tapped to join Access Hollywood on the Oscars red carpet, NBC announced Tuesday.Weir, 29, and Lipinski, 31, were breakout stars during the Sochi Olympics thanks to their great chemistry and hilarious yet insightful ...

TV Guide

Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski have been tapped to join Access Hollywood on the Oscars red carpet, NBC announced Tuesday.

Weir, 29, and Lipinski, 31, were breakout stars during the Sochi Olympics thanks to their great chemistry and hilarious yet insightful commentary. The two will join Billy Bush, Shaun Robinson and Liz Hernandez.

Fall TV Scorecard: What's been canceled?

"I am honored and so excited to be a part of the team for Access Hollywood's Oscar coverage," Weir said in a statement. "There is no time that LA shines brighter than during the Oscar's and I hope to bring my own special brand of sparkle to the broadcast. I am so privileged to work with my great friend, Tara Lipinski and together we hope to entertain America's pants off."

Added Lipinski: "I am so excited to be a part of the biggest night in Hollywood. Johnny and I had such an incredible time working with Access Hollywood in Sochi and we are excited to keep the fun rolling."

The 86th Academy Awards, hosted by Ellen DeGeneres, will air live Sunday, March 2 at 8:30 p.m. ET/ 5:30 p.m. PT on ABC.


Q:

Button click not registering

I have an Xcode 5 button problem.
I create a number of button programatically on a UIViewController and then want to register clicks on these buttons. I use NSLog to track the clicks but it seems that no clicks are registered in the log.
Can anyone help please?
The ultimate aim to to segue to next UIViewController on each button click, but was just testing to see if button clicks were registered first.
Here is how I create the buttons in viewDidLoad (only 1 shown).
NOTE: the if-statement used only to check which buttons were pressed in previous view.
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

    NSString *myString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", self.tagNumber ];

    if (self.tagNumber == 1)
    {
        hotelButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
        hotelButton.tag = 1;
        hotelButton.frame = CGRectMake(60, 60, 300.f, 100.f);

        UIImage *buttonImage1 = [UIImage imageNamed:@"buttonImage1.png"];
        [hotelButton setBackgroundImage:buttonImage1 forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [self.view addSubview:hotelButton];

        // Add targets and actions
        [hotelButton addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonClicked) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpOutside];
    }

}
And here is how I check for button clicks
- (void) buttonClicked
{
    NSLog(@"Button %i clicked", hotelButton.tag);
}

NOTE: I also tried the following:
- (void) buttonClicked:(UIButton *) button
{
    NSLog(@"Button %ld clicked", (long int)[button tag]);
}

But that gave an error "undeclared selector buttonClicked" in my viewDidLoad pointing to action@selector):
[hotelButton addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonClicked) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpOutside];

A:

Use this:
[hotelButton addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonClicked)
    forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

From Apple Docs:
UIControlEventTouchUpInside
A touch-up event in the control where the finger is inside the bounds of the control.

UIControlEventTouchUpOutside
A touch-up event in the control where the finger is outside the bounds of the control

And keep this method:
- (void) buttonClicked
{
    NSLog(@"Button %i clicked", hotelButton.tag);
}


A historic summit for Middle East Christians in Amman

By Father Nabil Haddad|Print |Share

blogEcumenical & Interfaith Dialogue

Guest blog

On September 3 and 4, leaders from churches and Christian communities throughout the Middle East gathered in Amman, Jordan for a conference on “The Challenges facing Arab Christians.” The participants focused on the problems and challenges that affect the lives of all the baptized in the Middle East region.

Driven by its desire and good will to offer a concrete contribution to the solution of the problems of so many indigenous Christian communities in the Middle East, Jordan organized this meeting—the first of its kind in history—to gather opinions and recommendations. The meeting was commissioned by Jordan’s King Abdullah II, who had met with Pope Francis in the Vatican the week before. Prince Ghazi bin Mohammad, advisor to King Abdullah II for cultural affairs, was its main advocate.

For two days the Christian leaders and heads of churches gathered in this historic “summit,” or synod. Seventy patriarchs, patriarchal delegates, bishops, and priests of all Christian churches rooted in the region discussed and debated recent developments in Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria.

Sectarian violence and religious discrimination in the region made this gathering very timely. The initiative by King Abdullah sought to help church leaders discuss these issues and recommendations to ensure the promotion of their role and presence as essential and integral parts of our Middle Eastern fabric, culture, and history.

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, participated in the meeting. Participants also included the Greek Orthodox patriarch of Jerusalem, Theophilos III, as well as other Catholic and Orthodox patriarchs. Cardinal Rai of the Maronite Church, Patriarch Gregory III, and Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Yohanna X al-Yazigi were also in attendance. Patriarch Yohanna X al-Yazigi is a resident of Damascus and the brother of the Metropolitan of Aleppo, Boulos al-Yazigi, who was abducted last April together with the Assyrian Orthodox Metropolitan of Aleppo, Mar Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim.

Jordan, with its record of religious and interfaith initiatives, has sensed the importance of such a space and platform for Arab Christians facing challenges. Jordan should be commended for its efforts for interfaith peace in the country and in the region. For the past 20 years, Arab Christians have been killed, abducted, and tortured by extremists, in some countries of the region. Jordan has taken in Christians from throughout the region who are fleeing their homelands to take refuge from persecution.

Arab Christians, as loyal citizens who refuse isolation, have always shown a willingness to work with their Muslim brothers and sisters and sought to achieve human dignity for all in their societies. One of the challenges for Christians is to be witnesses of love and harmony while advocating freedom within their societies. The Arab Christians’ cause in the Middle East is not with Islam, but with extremism, backwardness, human fragmentation, and the absence of dignity of the Arab citizen.

It is the cause of every subjugated Arab human being. It is a common issue for Muslims and Christians: renaissance for Christians is not possible without the renaissance of the Muslims. The focus of Arab Christians on obtaining or maintaining their freedom does not mean that they do not see that their Muslims, fatigued with misery, are also without freedom. Arab Christians’ demand for freedom is not (and should not be) only for themselves, but for all. This way all Arabs become the extent and the scope of our ministry.

To read a translation of King Abdullah II’s September 3 remarks at “The Challenges Facing Arab Christians” Conference in Amman, Jordan, click here[1].


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"This is DIFFICULT"

Lately, we've been rethinking our landing pages. Today I facilitated the first of a series of card sorting activities to help us evaluate whether the way we are categorizing content on these pages makes sense.

Today's activity was looking at the Students landing page with a group from Associated Students - two students and two staff members who work in the area. I gave them 75 index cards that matched the 75 links currently on the student landing page, representing content ranging from academic advising to bike rentals to early outreach programs to the theater performances.

To begin, the group had started breaking the cards down into academic and student life categories. Then computer resources.

Then Niko came across the card labeled "I need to." Something clicked. He quickly walked around the table, gathering cards and reading aloud, "I need to sign up for class. I need to make living arrangements. I need to relax and have fun."

"You guys, we could organize all the other cards according to these!"

I felt a rush of excitement as the others in the group agreed that the "I need to" terms would make sense to students and would make it easier to find things. There was a great reshuffling.

"I need to relax and have fun. Outdoor Rec and the Cycle Center should go with that."

"But those are leadership opportunities," objected Cristina Rodriguez, who works for Student Activities and Leadership Development. "They're about so much more than just renting a bike."

"We need a category for 'I need to be a leader,'" suggested Johanna Iwata, another Student Affairs staff member.

"But what if you just want go for a bike ride? Students don't think of that as leadership," argued Niko. Behind him, fellow student Margarita Tapia-Soto nodded her agreement.

A similar debate ensued around Athletics - there is a difference between just going to a game and being a student-athlete on the team, not to mention the way the Athletics department is its own area, totally separate from Student Life on the organizational chart.

Somewhere around this point Niko said, "This is DIFFICULT."

I couldn't blame him. Coming up with one way to organize the cards was next to impossible given all the different ways the information could be organized, all the potential areas of overlap. The ways students related to the content was drastically different than the way the staff members saw the mission and messaging, not to mention the organizational structure they were familiar with.

About here I jumped in again to reassure them that there was no right or wrong way to organize the cards, and that they could make duplicate cards for content that truly belonged in more than one category, and additional category labels if they needed.

That got the activity moving again. I took a few notes on the different user perspectives the sorting had revealed, the places the group had found quick consensus on category alignment and the places they'd gotten hung up. As we continue with the rethink, this information will be just as valuable as the final organization the group decides on.

Eventually, Niko surveyed the table. "I feel really good about this. Good job everyone." Around the room, nods and smiles.

In the end, the group came up with "I need to" categories that fit just about everything. Except Judicial Affairs, which had to stand alone.

Switching the body text to a sans serif font increases legibility, which is a measure of how easy it is to distinguish one letter from another. Characters in a sans serif typeface don’t have the tails that serif typeface characters have, which adds space between characters making them easier to read.

Changing the header font to a wider sans serif typeface improves legibility because header characters are no longer compressed, which makes characters difficult to read. We also adjusted the font size of all headers to improve readability, which refers to how easy it is to read words, phrases, blocks of copy such as a book. With…

On Monday, May 22, 2017, Web Services will improve its editor used to create content in csumb.edu.

This will be the first significant improvement to the editor since we launched the last redesign in February 2015.

In addition, we will provide some significant updates to how we create and display key elements, including:Improving how events get made, shared across campus, and displayed on the page.Enabling the ability to "clip" content from one CSUMB site and used on another.Improving how news is displayed on a page.Introducing several new content blocks that will provide more functionality.
Test the new editor
You can test the new editor on a separate site with duplicated content. Our internal user experience team is testing as well and we encourage you to play with it until it breaks. Then tell us about it at webservices@csumb.edu

We will also hold presentations at upcoming Technology Open Labs starting May 5 and running through May 19. Each lab will hold a presentation at …

Coming on Monday, May 22, when we go live with the new editor , you will see a new editing block called “clipping.”

You will be able to clip individual blocks on a page and insert them into your own page. This allows you to publish content that belongs to someone else, and when they update it, the content updates on your page as well.

Screenshots
To start clipping start by adding the clipping block to the page where you want the content of another page.

After adding the clipping block, begin clipping by clicking the begin clipping button.

After clicking "Begin clipping" you will now be in clipping mode. You can navigate to the page with the content you want to clip by using the site's navigation or if you already know the URL you can enter the full URL.

When you are on the page you clip by clicking the "clip part of this page" button to be able to select the blocks you want to clip from the page.


defmodule Sentinel.Mailer.Invite do
  @moduledoc """
  Responsible for the creation (and easy override) of the default invitation
  email
  """

  import Bamboo.Email
  import Bamboo.Phoenix
  import Sentinel.Mailer

  @doc """
  Takes a user, and a tuple containing a confirmation token & password reset
  token and returns an email. It does not send the email
  """
  def build(user, %{confirmation_token: confirmation_token, password_reset_token: password_reset_token}) do
    user
    |> base_email
    |> assign(:user, user)
    |> assign(:confirmation_token, confirmation_token)
    |> assign(:password_reset_token, password_reset_token)
    |> subject("You've been invited to #{app_name()} #{user.email}")
    |> render(:invite)
  end
end


Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts.
Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria has been responsible for recent increase in invasive disease in the adult population of the United States. This increase in H. influenzae infections is greatest in individuals above 65 years of age. A plausible explanation for this increase may be the changes observed in the epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae type b (Hib) disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts. A comprehensive literature review was conducted from multiple data sources, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, CDC, journal articles, reference texts, and Internet websites. The increase in infectious disease caused by H. influenzae type b bacteria is affecting individuals 65 years and older and is preventable. However, Hib vaccines are currently approved for the pediatric population and susceptible adults with certain immune deficiencies. New trends in this invasive disease require reevaluation of current guidelines to include individuals 65 years and older as target population for the polysaccharide Hib vaccine. The changing epidemiology of H. influenzae type b bacteria requires reevaluation of current immunization guidelines regarding Hib vaccination so that it is included in the immunization schedule for adults aged 65 and above.


Prairie Linen Company produces luxury bedding and table linens for those looking for all natural 100% linen at an affordable price. Our products are handmade in the USA using the highest quality fabrics. Our goal is to help you create a beautiful room that reflects a comfortable, healthy lifestyle.


Q:

How can I prove that fread calls ReadFile and fopen calls CreateFile

I know it sounds a little stupid but is there a way to prove that on Windows:

fopen function calls winapi function CreateFile (or CreateFileEx)
fread function calls winapi function ReadFile (or ReadFileEx)

If there is a more general way to determine how some C library functions call the winapi functions, I'm also happy with that as an answer.
We're having a debate and I'm interested in some proof. I'm mainly interested in Visual C.

A:

Visual C comes with the source code for the C runtime library.  Would that settle things?


AIR7 HD flies over Disneyland amid a power outage

ANAHEIM, Calif. (KABC) -- A major power outage affected attractions in parts of Disneyland in Anaheim Wednesday, a busy time for the park during the holiday season A Disneyland spokesperson said power went down in Toontown and Fantasyland, and crews were working to restore it.By 4 p.m., the park said the power had been fully restored to all areas of the resort and the park would be fully operational within 30 minutes as attractions were brought back online.When the outage first hit, guests were escorted off "about a dozen" rides, including the popular Monorail, during the outage.A park spokesperson said the outage stemmed from a transformer problem."We've determined that the issue is with a Disneyland Resort transformer and our team is currently assessing and working to restore power," the statement read.The outage happened as Disneyland was near capacity for the day.Park officials said they were only accepting guests for re-entry at Disneyland, but Disney's California Adventure Park remained open for everyone.


António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, 1st Marquis of Tomar

António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, 1st Count and 1st Marquis of Tomar (9 May 1803 – 1 September 1889) was a Portuguese 19th century statesman.

Early life
Born in Fornos de Algodres he trained as a lawyer in Coimbra and was later appointed as a judge. A liberal, he earned a mixed reputation of fear and admiration.

Career
He was appointed Governor of Lisbon in 1836 and was a confidant of Queen Maria II of Portugal. The year he was appointed, he used force to put down radical mobs in Lisbon (the Rossio massacre). He restored diplomatic relations with the Vatican and re-introduced a conservative Constitutional Charter. Following an 1842 coup d'état, he was appointed as Minister and Secretary for Royal State Affairs (the equivalent of a today's Interior minister) in 1843. In 1846 famine led to the peasant revolt of Maria da Fonte in the north of Portugal, and he was removed from office. He fled to England but was restored to power in 1848. Again due to his unpopularity and the now poor economic state of Portugal he was replaced for a second time by the Duque de Saldanha in 1851.

See also
List of Portuguese Prime Ministers
Marquis of Tomar
Count of Tomar

References
Portugal History via Library of Congress

Category:1803 births
Category:1889 deaths
Category:People from Fornos de Algodres
Category:Portuguese nobility
Category:Prime Ministers of Portugal
Category:Ambassadors of Portugal to Brazil
Category:Ambassadors of Portugal to the Holy See
Category:People of the Liberal Wars
Category:19th-century Portuguese people
Category:University of Coimbra alumni
Category:Commanders of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa


Restoring Miami’s Tree Canopy with Bank of America

Planting 1 million trees sounds like an ambitious goal, but for Million Trees Miami, it’s just the right amount. As a longstanding partner, American Forests has worked with Million Trees Miami again and again to move closer to achieving 1 million trees planted by 2020 and 30 percent canopy cover for Miami-Dade County.

Bank of America volunteers; Million Trees Miami/Miami-Dade County Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces Department staff; American Forests staff; and Miami-Dade County District 2 Commissioner Jean Monestime celebrate the beginning of the planting.

Recently, as part of Miami Tree Week, American Forests partnered with Million Trees Miami and Bank of America to host a planting at Arcola Lakes Park, planting 75 gumbo limbo and verawood trees. Before the planting, we worked with Million Trees Miami to identify native species that would perform well in the area. We typically do this for all plantings, but it’s especially important as Miami recovers from Hurricane Irma and prepares for the continued effects of climate change.

Arcola Lakes Park is a busy spot, often filled with nearby residents and community members taking advantage of the trail that weaves through the park. In addition to health benefits, providing a wind barrier and absorbing stormwater runoff, the trees planted will provide shade and reduce temperatures so parkgoers can comfortably enjoy the space.

American Forests staff member Lindsey Putz assists Bank of America volunteers in planting one of 75 trees at Arcola Lakes Park in Miami-Dade County.

American Forests has worked with Bank of America since 2013 to increase urban tree canopy in nearly 20 cities across the country. After the devastating effects of Hurricane Irma, there was an obvious need to not only restore lost canopy, but to restore the public’s trust in trees. The Arcola Lakes Park planting kickstarted this effort and helped us begin restoring the relationship between Miami-Dade County residents and their trees.

Take a look at the video below to see highlights from our planting with Bank of America and Million Trees Miami!

discover more

Forest Digest: December 16, 2018

December 16th, 2018|

Ever considered living in a vertical forest? Learn about this and more in the latest Forest Digest!


Jammu and Kashmir

extreme situation when crowd control fails

Rajnath Singh

Feel sorry for youngsters who got injured by pellet guns: CRPF DG

NEW DELHI: The Central Reserve Police Force, at the forefront of maintaining law and order situation infor last two weeks, on Monday expressed regret for the eye injuries caused to the youth due to the use of pellet guns in the valley.The force, however, added that it would continue to use this weapon in extreme situations ‘carefully’, while hoping such situation doesn’t arise in future.“We feel very sorry for them as youngsters have to bear injuries due to the firing of pellet guns. We ourselves are trying to use it in bare minimum so that there are fewer injuries. But we use them under theby other means,” CRPF DG K Durga Prasad said while addressing the force’s annual press conference in Delhi.He also said that the ground troops are trained “not to be emotional”, while reacting very rationally to such a situation.While there is nothing such as “non-lethal” weapon, the pellet guns are the least lethal available with them, he said adding that J&K is the only place where ‘stone pelting’ is done in such magnitude and the jawans have to use the pellet guns when the situation goes out of control.The DG said instructions have been given to all force personnel that pellet guns, whenever used in Kashmir, should be fired below the knee level. “The injuries have taken place as the force had to resort to firing of pellet guns when the protesters come very close and there is a possibility of loss of lives either side,” he said.A large number of youths have been injured in the last fortnight when CRPF personnel used pellet guns to control violent protesters in the wake of killing of Burhan Wani, a top militant of Hizbul Mujahideen.CRPF received widespread criticism for the use of this category of non-lethal weapon, prompting home ministerto announce in Parliament that a committee will be set up to review use of pellet guns and find an alternative to it.“Everybody feel bad when youngsters get hit. But still, we will have to use it (pellet guns) in extreme situation as of now. We hope that any (extreme) situation does not arise (in future),” Prasad said.Prasad said the CRPF is already experimenting with the other options under the less-lethal weapon category available globally, including the ones used by United States forces.Explaining the stress under which the CRPF personnel were deployed in Kashmir Valley, he said as many as 114 companies (about 11,400 personnel), which were undergoing training elsewhere, had to be pulled out and deployed in the state to control the situation arising after Wani’s death.“Our annual training has suffered as we are in continuous deployment. As of today, all our training companies are deployed in some theatre or the other,” he said.He said 1,051 CRPF personnel were injured due to stone pelting and other forms of attacks by protesters in last two weeks.Prasad said around 7,500 'full body protectors' are being procured for use of troops deployed in crowd control duties.He added that state government didn’t provide inputs that a tense situation would arise after Wani’s death while adding that situation was fast returning to normalcy even though “there are stray incidents happening here and there”.


Wang Chien-Ming Joins Brothers Coaching Staff

The off-season “coach poaching” continues as another coach will switch camp. On January 1, the Chinatrust Brothers announced the signing of 王建民 (Wang Chien-Ming) as guest pitching coach for the 2020 CPBL season.

According to the Brothers’ press release, Wang Chien-Ming’s new role within the Brothers’ organisation will be mainly developing pitching prospects. Wang is expected to report to the team on January 16 for the first phase of the 2020 spring training.

#CTBros have signed 王建民 (Wang Chien-Ming) as guest pitching coach for the 2020 #CPBL season. pic.twitter.com/KxwhklFV25 — CPBL STATS (@GOCPBL) January 1, 2020

Multiple Teams Wanted to Sign Wang as Coach

Prior to the Brothers’ signing, Wang worked as the guest coach for the Fubon Guardians since June 2018. As a coach, Wang was well-received by many within the Guardians organisation.

After the 2019 regular season ended, Wang also worked as the bullpen coach for Team Taiwan at the Premier12 tournament. In December, rumours began to circulate that both Rakuten Monkeys and Chinatrust Brothers were eyeing the former New York Yankees’ ace.

There are rumours the Brothers offered Wang Chien-Ming a multi-year deal. When asked by the media, the Brothers’ general manager declined to comments.


IO model
========

Python is supposed to interact with outside world (i.e. everything
outside the interpretor) through numerous ways:

- ``open`` and ``input`` builtin functions.
- ``os`` module (e.g. ``os.open`` function)
- ``stdout``, ``stderr`` and ``stdin`` files descriptors
- ``__import__`` & co
- ``ctypes`` & micropython's ``ffi`` libraries
- ...

However those functions are no longer relevant when python is embedded
into Godot. They can even be dangerous when opening a Godot application to
modding given a 3rd party python code has suddently full access to the computer !

Hence, those functions needs to be adapted to Godot:
- ``ctype``, ``ffi`` and ``open`` disabled
- ``stdout``, ``stderr`` and ``stdin`` redirected to Godot editor's console


/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.tencentcloudapi.mps.v20190612.models;

import com.tencentcloudapi.common.AbstractModel;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class AsrWordsConfigureInfo extends AbstractModel{

    /**
    * 语音关键词识别任务开关，可选值：

ON：开启语音关键词识别任务；

OFF：关闭语音关键词识别任务。

    */
    @SerializedName("Switch")
    @Expose
    private String Switch;

    /**
    * 关键词过滤标签，指定需要返回的关键词的标签。如果未填或者为空，则全部结果都返回。
标签个数最多 10 个，每个标签长度最多 16 个字符。
    */
    @SerializedName("LabelSet")
    @Expose
    private String [] LabelSet;

    /**
     * Get 语音关键词识别任务开关，可选值：

ON：开启语音关键词识别任务；

OFF：关闭语音关键词识别任务。

     * @return Switch 语音关键词识别任务开关，可选值：

ON：开启语音关键词识别任务；

OFF：关闭语音关键词识别任务。

     */
    public String getSwitch() {
        return this.Switch;
    }

    /**
     * Set 语音关键词识别任务开关，可选值：

ON：开启语音关键词识别任务；

OFF：关闭语音关键词识别任务。

     * @param Switch 语音关键词识别任务开关，可选值：

ON：开启语音关键词识别任务；

OFF：关闭语音关键词识别任务。

     */
    public void setSwitch(String Switch) {
        this.Switch = Switch;
    }

    /**
     * Get 关键词过滤标签，指定需要返回的关键词的标签。如果未填或者为空，则全部结果都返回。
标签个数最多 10 个，每个标签长度最多 16 个字符。
     * @return LabelSet 关键词过滤标签，指定需要返回的关键词的标签。如果未填或者为空，则全部结果都返回。
标签个数最多 10 个，每个标签长度最多 16 个字符。
     */
    public String [] getLabelSet() {
        return this.LabelSet;
    }

    /**
     * Set 关键词过滤标签，指定需要返回的关键词的标签。如果未填或者为空，则全部结果都返回。
标签个数最多 10 个，每个标签长度最多 16 个字符。
     * @param LabelSet 关键词过滤标签，指定需要返回的关键词的标签。如果未填或者为空，则全部结果都返回。
标签个数最多 10 个，每个标签长度最多 16 个字符。
     */
    public void setLabelSet(String [] LabelSet) {
        this.LabelSet = LabelSet;
    }

    /**
     * Internal implementation, normal users should not use it.
     */
    public void toMap(HashMap<String, String> map, String prefix) {
        this.setParamSimple(map, prefix + "Switch", this.Switch);
        this.setParamArraySimple(map, prefix + "LabelSet.", this.LabelSet);

    }
}