Violent offender research and implications for the criminal justice system.
Some offenders are at very high risk to reoffend. Research conducted at the author's institution and elsewhere shows that psychopathic offenders are especially likely to be violent, that future violence can be predicted with considerable accuracy among men who have committed at least 1 violent offense, and that treatment programs to reduce dangerousness do not always have the intended effects (i.e., they may actually increase the dangerousness of some individuals). Implications for the criminal justice system pertain to release following insanity acquittal, offender sentencing and parole, preventive detention, offender treatment, and program evaluation.


PETA lashes out against 'turncoat' Lady Gaga

Even a woman who voluntarily gathers "little monsters" might want to fear the animal-loving rage of PETA. The animal-rights organization has sent an open letter to
Lady Gaga on the subject of her fur coats. Let's just say that PETA is not so happy with the singer they now refer to as a "turncoat."

Lady Gaga has been something of an anti-fur hero for PETA until her recent fashion choices. The PETA letter cites a comment made to
Ellen DeGeneres (
"I hate fur and I don't wear fur.") as well as Gaga's support for gay rights.

Amusingly, no one even knows whether or not the furs are real. PETA isn't exactly cool with fake fur either, but the genuine article is much worse.
PETA's letter implies that Lady Gaga will be the focus of a new fall campaign unless there is an acceptable explanation for all of this.

PETA campaigns are never fun.

The singer herself has not been willing to comment one way or another on her fashion choices. Instead, because Lady Gaga doesn't seem to care much what PETA -- or anybody -- thinks, she quickly responded on
Twitter:

"For those press and such who are writing about whether or not my fur is actually real, please don't forget to credit the designer HERMES. Thank You! LOVE, gaga"

That response, of course, manages to avoid answering any of PETA's questions. And so the controversy will continue. It's almost like Lady Gaga likes the press or something...


5 August 2011

O.P.I 'Let me entertain you' notd

I am in love with OPI varnishes, it's very rare for me to find one i don't like- yesterday i went to get my nails painted and after having a little hunt with the girl's there, we all decided this was the most loveliest pink, it's glittery and absolutely lovely, after swatching this and a few other's i chose this one.
There was one like this but had a coral/yellow holagraphic effect which changed in the light.

It reminded me of the silver glitter paint they brought out in their new designer collection, it was quite hard to get the glitter to shine while taking the photo in the sunlight!

While i was at the salon the girl doing my nail's had such a beautiful purple on i asked if she had that, she said it was permanent, so all of us in there got on to the discussion of it- Shellac nails! A lady next to me had it on her toe's and was still shiny, perfect and like she'd just had it done, she'd had it on for an amazing 8 weeks! they recommend it last's 3 weeks.
It dries in minute's which is also very handy because i hate ruining my nail's after painting.
Even though i am extremely against sun bed's, im sure many reader's know how spf and sunshine crazy i am, well in order for it to dry and set properly Shellac use the same type of bulbs they use in sunbed's, however it won't be as damaging if you aren't having it done so regularly.

opi nail varnish- let me entertain you.

i booked in to get my hand's done and im very excited, i love doing my own nails and nail art it's usually something i do on a sunday evening but with college starting i won't have time so this will be handy, and i love shiny looking nail's.
I'll be keeping you updated to see how long it lasts and how it look's, i'm not actually having "shellac" done but it's the same concept.

3 comments

i love the colour, and this new nail treatment thing sounds perfect! i'm new to blogger, but i've started a fashion blog too. Outfit posts aren't up yet, but they will be sooN! I was wondering whether you could check my blog out and follow? It'd be worth it, i promise! - www.rebeccamarywatson.blogspot.com Bex xxx

I really like your blog and the whole concept. I'm also young and I'm on here to help people with budgeted make up :) I really like your nail colour, I tend to shy away from reds but maybe I should use them more. Check my blog out :) http://kellysbudgetmakeup.blogspot.com/


Isolation of a new heterotrophic nitrifying Bacillus sp. strain.
A heterotrophic nitrifier, named Bacillus sp. LY, was newly isolated from a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Bacillus sp. LY could utilize the organic carbon as the source of assimilation when it grew on glucose and ammonium chloride medium companying the formation of oxidized-nitrogen. It also could denitrify nitrate while nitrification. After 24 days incubation, the removal efficiencies of the COD and TN by Bacillus sp. LY were 71.7% and 61.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus sp. LY was performed and the phylogenetic tree of Bacillus sp. LY and the neighbouring nitrifiers was given. Bacillus sp. LY could become a new bacterial resource for heterotrophic nitrification and might play a bioremediation role for nutrient removal.


32390, -14332391, -14332392?
-s - 14332386
What is the q'th term of -3834997, -3835010, -3835023?
-13*q - 3834984
What is the h'th term of -33910397, -33910398, -33910399?
-h - 33910396
What is the m'th term of 2085, 2307, 2547, 2823, 3153, 3555, 4047?
3*m**3 - 9*m**2 + 228*m + 1863
What is the h'th term of 1412, 4172, 8224, 13568?
646*h**2 + 822*h - 56
What is the z'th term of -2585149, -2585146, -2585143, -2585140, -2585137, -2585134?
3*z - 2585152
What is the y'th term of -17473, -17454, -17427, -17386, -17325, -17238?
y**3 - 2*y**2 + 18*y - 17490
What is the b'th term of -2780820, -5561646, -8342472, -11123298, -13904124, -16684950?
-2780826*b + 6
What is the c'th term of -2291914, -2291641, -2291368, -2291095, -2290822, -2290549?
273*c - 2292187
What is the d'th term of -4791, -9541, -14291?
-4750*d - 41
What is the o'th term of 3580, 12913, 27964, 48733, 75220, 107425, 145348?
2859*o**2 + 756*o - 35
What is the i'th term of -75385, -85628, -95871?
-10243*i - 65142
What is the z'th term of 10510, 10949, 11388?
439*z + 10071
What is the r'th term of 7571, 14329, 21087, 27845, 34603?
6758*r + 813
What is the m'th term of -50520, -101402, -152284, -203166, -254048?
-50882*m + 362
What is the w'th term of 23649, 24279, 24909, 25539, 26169, 26799?
630*w + 23019
What is the r'th term of 70876, 141758, 212648, 283546?
4*r**2 + 70870*r + 2
What is the q'th term of 395425, 395430, 395435?
5*q + 395420
What is the t'th term of -13531461, -13531470, -13531479, -13531488?
-9*t - 13531452
What is the w'th term of -20444, -20317, -20276, -20363, -20620, -21089, -21812, -22831?
-7*w**3 - w**2 + 179*w - 20615
What is the w'th term of -1208, -5431, -16446, -37649, -72436, -124203?
-566*w**3 - 261*w - 381
What is the m'th term of 118916, 118781, 118604, 118385, 118124, 117821?
-21*m**2 - 72*m + 119009
What is the q'th term of -36959, -295731, -998117, -2365925, -4620963?
-36968*q**3 + q**2 + q + 7
What is the m'th term of 1496, 3968, 7420, 11852, 17264, 23656, 31028?
490*m**2 + 1002*m + 4
What is the a'th term of -353461, -354255, -355049, -355843, -356637, -357431?
-794*a - 352667
What is the l'th term of 25826, 25937, 26048, 26159, 26270, 26381?
111*l + 25715
What is the x'th term of 204582751, 409165506, 613748261?
204582755*x - 4
What is the t'th term of -29204, -58365, -87460, -116459, -145332, -174049?
5*t**3 + 3*t**2 - 29205*t - 7
What is the k'th term of -190935, -381866, -572795, -763722, -954647?
k**2 - 190934*k - 2
What is the n'th term of 31989505, 63979009, 95968513?
31989504*n + 1
What is the m'th term of -959, -1950, -2983, -4070, -5223, -6454, -7775, -9198?
-2*m**3 - 9*m**2 - 950*m + 2
What is the h'th term of 563608, 563578, 563548, 563518?
-30*h + 563638
What is the p'th term of -10135142, -20270280, -30405418, -40540556, -50675694?
-10135138*p - 4
What is the j'th term of -656, 152, 1506, 3412, 5876, 8904, 12502?
j**3 + 267*j**2 - 924
What is the p'th term of -260726, -260405, -260088, -259775?
-2*p**2 + 327*p - 261051
What is the k'th term of 19688435, 39376860, 59065285, 78753710?
19688425*k + 10
What is the n'th term of -29626, -59225, -88830, -118441?
-3*n**2 - 29590*n - 33
What is the p'th term of -2701, -9615, -21133, -37255, -57981, -83311?
-2302*p**2 - 8*p - 391
What is the p'th term of 77142, 77118, 77100, 77094, 77106, 77142?
p**3 - 3*p**2 - 22*p + 77166
What is the k'th term of 174112, 174154, 174212, 174292, 174400?
k**3 + 2*k**2 + 29*k + 174080
What is the a'th term of -56695, -112614, -168533, -224452?
-55919*a - 776
What is the g'th term of -347461, -347123, -346561, -345775, -344765, -343531, -342073?
112*g**2 + 2*g - 347575
What is the o'th term of 74060, 74081, 74108, 74135, 74156, 74165, 74156?
-o**3 + 9*o**2 + o + 74051
What is the h'th term of -595, -432, 99, 998, 2265, 3900?
184*h**2 - 389*h - 390
What is the m'th term of -20274959, -20274961, -20274963, -20274965?
-2*m - 20274957
What is the k'th term of 788223, 1576622, 2365021, 3153420?
788399*k - 176
What is the s'th term of -3097, -4851, -6605, -8359?
-1754*s - 1343
What is the q'th term of -80627365, -322509457, -725646277, -1290037825, -2015684101?
-80627364*q**2 - 1
What is the n'th term of -5404712, -10809416, -16214120?
-5404704*n - 8
What is the p'th term of -1466380269, -1466380272, -1466380277, -1466380284, -1466380293, -1466380304, -1466380317?
-p**2 - 1466380268
What is the a'th term of 924455, 7395653, 24960327, 59165213, 115557047, 199682565, 317088503?
924456*a**3 + 2*a**2 - 3
What is the i'th term of -140344, -283456, -426568, -569680?
-143112*i + 2768
What is the r'th term of -2017479, -4034961, -6052443?
-2017482*r + 3
What is the f'th term of -68162, -68164, -68166, -68168?
-2*f - 68160
What is the i'th term of -15328, -34048, -65246, -108922, -165076?
-6239*i**2 - 3*i - 9086
What is the z'th term of 23919403, 47838811, 71758219, 95677627?
23919408*z - 5
What is the d'th term of 85370, 84960, 84548, 84134?
-d**2 - 407*d + 85778
What is the k'th term of 157523539, 157523536, 157523533, 157523530, 157523527, 157523524?
-3*k + 157523542
What is the b'th term of 5041, 4926, 4603, 3964, 2901, 1306, -929, -3912?
-18*b**3 + 4*b**2 - b + 5056
What is the o'th term of 1183, 35, -1113, -2261?
-1148*o + 2331
What is the d'th term of 1955, 1892, 1799, 1676, 1523, 1340, 1127?
-15*d**2 - 18*d + 1988
What is the j'th term of -396, 226, 1230, 2586, 4264, 6234, 8466?
-5*j**3 + 221*j**2 - 6*j - 606
What is the j'th term of -9604, -9666, -9796, -10018, -10356, -10834?
-4*j**3 - 10*j**2 - 4*j - 9586
What is the s'th term of -37, 339, 975, 1871, 3027, 4443, 6119?
130*s**2 - 14*s - 153
What is the g'th term of -12910, -12841, -12688, -12409, -11962?
7*g**3 + 20*g - 12937
What is the l'th term of 16344946, 16344959, 16344972?
13*l + 16344933
What is the t'th term of 14308, 25030, 35752, 46474?
10722*t + 3586
What is the p'th term of 238713286, 477426574, 716139862?
238713288*p - 2
What is the i'th term of -150284, -299361, -448438, -597515?
-149077*i - 1207
What is the k'th term of -170455, -339928, -509401?
-169473*k - 982
What is the k'th term of 19997, 40407, 60817?
20410*k - 413
What is the s'th term of -31554, -56873, -82190, -107505, -132818?
s**2 - 25322*s - 6233
What is the c'th term of 1783, 7463, 17051, 30559, 47999, 69383?
2*c**3 + 1942*c**2 - 160*c - 1
What is the m'th term of 260, 360, 510, 752, 1128, 1680, 2450?
7*m**3 - 17*m**2 + 102*m + 168
What is the u'th term of 56252, 112160, 167726, 222950, 277832?
-171*u**2 + 56421*u + 2
What is the w'th term of 17822, 17766, 17708, 17648?
-w**2 - 53*w + 17876
What is the d'th term of 5157, 19162, 42503, 75180, 117193, 168542, 229227?
4668*d**2 + d + 488
What is the m'th term of 520, -523, -3078, -7091, -12508, -19275, -27338?
9*m**3 - 810*m**2 + 1324*m - 3
What is the l'th term of 17640, 33362, 49084, 64806?
15722*l + 1918
What is the i'th term of 14378341, 28756681, 43135021, 57513361?
14378340*i + 1
What is the x'th term of -1304, -1381, -1456, -1529, -1600?
x**2 - 80*x - 1225
What is the d'th term of 1934203, 7736794, 17407777, 30947152, 48354919, 69631078, 94775629?
1934196*d**2 + 3*d + 4
What is the i'th term of 15802, 10807, 5812, 817, -4178, -9173?
-4995*i + 20797
What is the r'th term of -1497, -11875, -40071, -94995, -185557, -320667, -509235?
-1485*r**3 + r**2 + 14*r - 27
What is the l'th term of 120065838, 240131669, 360197490, 480263295, 600329078, 720394833, 840460554, 960526235?
-l**3 + l**2 + 120065835*l + 3
What is the b'th term of 12789, 28319, 43849, 59379?
15530*b - 2741
What is the z'th term of 16108, 14849, 12752, 9817, 6044, 1433?
-419*z**2 - 2*z + 16529
What is the u'th term of -7222121, -7222146, -7222183, -7222232, -7222293?
-6*u**2 - 7*u - 7222108
What is the m'th term of 7965966, 7965995, 7966024, 7966053?
29*m + 7965937
What is the o'th term of -14528, -16036, -17544?
-1508*o - 13020
What is the g'th term of -258003, -258195, -258387, -258579?
-192*g - 257811
What is the u'th term of 4001206, 4001231, 4001256, 4001281, 4001306, 4001331?
25*u + 4001181
What is the j'th term of 85267, 341747, 769211, 1367659, 2137091, 3077507?
85492*j**2 + 4*j - 229
What is the i'th term of 17672, 70704, 159100, 282860, 441984, 636472, 866324?
17682*i**2 - 14*i + 4
What is the t'th term of -355119


This invention relates generally to electrical switches and/or electrical connectors and more particularly to electrical switches of the rotary type and having insulation displacement connectors.
Electrical switches of the rotary type are known in the art and typically comprise a housing in which a plurality of stationary or fixed electrical contacts are located. Each contact is arranged to be connected by respective electrical wires to the external circuitry to be controlled by the switch. Thus, prior art switches also include connector mechanisms, such as screws, pressure-lock connectors, etc., located within the housing and to which the wires are to be connected. Selected one(s) of the fixed contacts are arranged to be electrically engaged by a movable contactor to connect the desired wires together. The movable contactor is frequently mounted on a rotable member or rotor. The rotor typically includes a shaft-like element extending out of the housing and which is arranged to be gripped directly or through use of a knob mounted thereon to effect its rotation to select the desired contacts to be connected together. In order to ensure that the fixed contact(s) which are electrically engaged by the movable contactor remain in good electrical continuity against accidental disconnection, prior art rotary switches frequently include some type of holding (detent) mechanism. One common example of a prior art detent mechanism consists of providing a cam surface extending about the periphery of the rotor to form a plurality of alternating recesses and lobes. A spring biased member, such as a metal spring-finger (which in some cases may be a fixed contact of the switch), is mounted in the housing adjacent the rotor to slide along the rotor's cam surface as the rotor is rotated so that the spring finger enters each successive recess to hold the rotor in any of the desired rotational orientations established thereby. Examples of rotary switches using such detent mechanisms are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,813,158 (Hutt) and, 4,045,637 (Mongeau).
While the foregoing rotary switches are generally suitable for their intended purposes, they nevertheless leave something to be desired from the standpoint of simplicity of construction and assembly, ease of connection to external circuitry, and operational effectiveness.


The present invention relates to a roller assembly for use in a turn chain assembly of a towveyor system of the type manufactured and sold by S.I. Handling Systems of Easton, Pennsylvania.
In a so-called low profile towveyor system made by S.I. Handling Systems, a continuous tow chain is supported just beneath the floor in a warehouse. The tow chain is positioned for continuous movement through a closed circuit horizontal path beneath a slot in the warehouse floor and has spaced apart recessed dogs thereon. The dogs are typically spaced 101/2 feet apart and each dog is adapted to engage a lug depending from a cart or carriage utilized by the system.
In operation, a warehouse employee loads an order onto a cart and then positions that cart above the floor slot with the lug extending into the slot. The cart will have means such as electrical or mechanical probes which can be placed in different positions for indicating where the cart should go and a dog on the continuously moving tow chain eventually engages the lug and starts moving the cart on its journey to its designated destination, such as a specified terminal or bay at the warehouse loading dock. Typically, the drive mechanism for each tow chain has a variable speed control so that the tow chain can be driven at a speed of between 80 feet and 120 feet per minute.
In a typical section of a towveyor system a continuous tow chain is arranged to travel in an elongate loop with a 180.degree. degree turn at each end of the loop. Of course, other sections will have paths of different configurations which may have other types of turns such as 45.degree., 90.degree. and 120.degree. turns. Each turn has some form of means for bearing and guiding the tow chain around the turn, one such means being a turn chain assembly. The turn chain assembly includes a continuous turn chain comprising a plurality of bearing rollers rotatably journaled between links of the turn chain, an arcuate bearing guide plate having a concave front bearing surface, an arcuate return guide plate situated behind the bearing guide plate and stationary turn posts mounted at each end of the turn in so-called clean out boxes. The bearing guide plate and the return guide plate are generally parallel spaced and extend between the two clean out boxes. A section of the turn chain is situated between the tow chain and the front surface of the bearing guide plate to provide a means for bearing the tow chain around the turn while the remainder of the turn chain is trained around each of the turn posts and onto the surface of the return guide plate facing the bearing guide plate.
Typically each of the turn posts is defined by a short section of 4 inch pipe with one post being rigidly fixed in position and the other post being adjustably mounted so that its position can be adjusted to take up slack in the turn chain and to facilitate installation and removal of the turn chain.
From time to time during the operation of the towveyor system, bearing rollers of the turn chain become jammed and flats are worn onto them. These flats wear grooves into the turn posts. After five or six flats have developed on the rollers, the turn chain, and frequently the turn posts also, must be replaced. As a result the present average life of a turn chain and turn posts is approximately one to three years depending on how well they are maintained (e.g., lubricated and kept clean).
It will be understood that in a typical towveyor system there are numerous turns and that each time a turn chain needs to be replaced the whole system has to be shut down. This results in a work stoppage in the warehouse. It has been estimated that this work stoppage or down time in a warehouse each time a turn chain needs to be replaced presently costs between $1000.00 and $5000.00 per hour in addition to the cost of the replacement chain. A turn chain has a length from 8 to 40 feet and presently costs about $38.00 per foot. Depending on the length of the turn, the down time is typically between 3 and 10 hours. Thus, turn chain replacements are very costly; and it is a primary object of the present invention to reduce the frequency of turn chain replacements and increase the life of each turn chain in a towveyor system.


[Not Available].
The chemical revolution which arose between XVIIIth and XIXth centuries, had a special influence on the studies about living organisms and medicine. The idea was that the laboratory's discoveries could be applied to all the chemical transformation occurring in the human body. This point of view allowed the development of exerimental physiology and led to the birth of physiological chemistry; it influenced also a new theoretical discussion in medicine, by suggesting possible application to diagnostic and therapy. Paradoxically, in consideration of the importance of iatrochemistry in last centuries, the chemical revolution had a really small influence on medical systems.


Recession ballooned Medicaid rolls

As the economy was stuck squarely in the economic doldrums during 2009, people who lost their jobs — and their private health insurance — joined the Medicaid program in droves, driving a 22 percent increase in federal spending on the program, according to the latest National Health Expenditures report.

“Rising unemployment and rapid increases in Medicaid enrollment — two direct effects of the recession — were the main contributors to a sharp acceleration in Medicaid spending growth,” the report, published by Health Affairs, found.

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POLITICO 44

The report shows that spending on health care — both private and public — rose by a scant 4 percent in 2009, the second lowest annual increase since 1960.

Despite this, some sectors saw accelerated health spending, including a whopping 10 percent bump for home health care, an 8.3 percent increase in other residential and personal care and 5.3 percent for prescription drugs. This all resulted in an annual increase in health spending to $2.5 trillion. While spending growth slowed in 2009, it nonetheless consumed a greater piece of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product: 17.6 percent in 2009, up from 16.6 percent in 2008.

Often blamed for rising health care costs, the insurance industry urged Congress to act on the ominous findings in the report.

“The continued rise in health care costs is not sustainable,” said Karen Ignagni, president and CEO of America’s Health Insurance Plans. “Rising health care costs threaten our economic competitiveness, make health care coverage less affordable, and crowd out other urgent national priorities. We urge policymakers to work on a bipartisan basis to pass reforms that will control the soaring cost of medical care.”

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky) used the report’s findings to try and bolster the effort to “repeal and replace” the health reform law.

“The American people were unambiguous in their call for lower health care costs and smaller government,” McConnell said. “Yet instead of taking commonsense steps to lower costs, Democrats in Washington jammed through a massive government expansion that their own experts acknowledge will increase health costs. We need to repeal this massive bill and replace it with commonsense, step-by-step reforms that actually lower costs and encourage job growth. The House will take the first step in that process next week, and I hope the Senate will soon follow suit with a vote of its own.”

Obama administration officials, however, continue to suggest the Affordable Care Act saves approximately $143 billion over 10 years, and point to the official Congressional Budget Office estimates of the law.

In addition to increased enrollment, the Medicaid spending jump was also a result of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which funneled $34 billion to the states in the form of an increased Federal Medical Assistance Percentages (FMAP). In comparison, the federal share of Medicaid spending in 2008 – prior to passage of the stimulus package in early 2009 — was $7 billion.

If medicaid is lost, contagious diseases will go untreated threatening all of us, left ant right. Try to think things through more clearly. Can we afford to let TB and other contagious diseases run rampid?

All I know is that the Health Industry is an INDUSTRY and hospitals and docs alike are in it for $$$$$. If you have good insurance......they're gonna f--- you up good to keep you there for as long as they possibly can.

And if you go anywhere in Ohio to get anything "cosmetic" done,,,,they're going to make you waaaay worse before they'r going to make you better.

Their motto is f--- up before the fix up to get the most out of the insurance and absolutely soak people dry. I know this is happening in Ohio and you're better off if you have NO insurance than if you have really good insurance. They're raping the insurance companies here.


This proposal describes a new imaging technology that can detect and track single RNA molecules in living cells in real time without limitation in observation time. The new technology is based on the distance dependent plasmon coupling between individual noble metal nanoparticles that are tethered by a RNA probe strand. Hybridization of a complementary RNA target strand induces an interparticle distance change that leads to a shift in the plasmon resonance wavelength. This spectral shift serves as fiduciary point indicating target RNA binding. The special novelty of the plasmon coupling approach is the active nature of the proposed nanoparticle sensors. Due to their inherent ability to couple with each other, the proposed sensors enable a continuous monitoring of the end-to-end distance of the RNA tether. The proposed sensors cannot only detect and track individual RNA molecules, they will also provide information about structural changes of the labeled RNA tether in real-time. The specific aims of the proposal are: Aim 1: Develop RNA coupled noble metal nanoparticle dimers for in vivo applications. Aim 2: Develop a plasmon coupling based detection technology for individual RNA molecules. Aim 3: Detect and track individual cytoplasmic RNA molecules in living cells in real time. The health benefits of the proposed research include the potential to develop effective ways to silence genes that cause serious diseases such as cancer. Other benefits to the biomedical community include new technologies that allow the detection of single RNA molecules in living cells thereby allowing an entirely new diagnostics with unknown sensitivity on the single cell level. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]


Q:

Using a wx.gauge in a wx.wizard

I'm having trouble getting the gauge in the second page of my wizard to appear and update. It doesn't show until it's at 100%. It seems to me that the EVT_WIZARD_PAGE_CHANGED event gets handled before objects on the page are displayed.
The code below is a simplified version of what I'm trying to do. When I run it, the second page just hangs until the fill_gauge method is finished and the gauge is at 100%, then it finally appears on the screen. Does anyone have any ideas of how to display the gauge as soon as I change to the second page and have it dynamically update.
import time
import wx.wizard

class Wizard(wx.wizard.Wizard):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.Wizard.__init__(self, parent, wx.ID_ANY, title )
        self.pages = []
        self.Bind(wx.wizard.EVT_WIZARD_PAGE_CHANGED, self.on_page_changed)

    def add_page(self, page):
        """Add a WizardPage to the pages list"""
        self.pages.append(page)

    def chain_pages(self):
        i = 0
        while 1:
            if i == len(self.pages) - 1:
                break
            else:
                wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple_Chain(self.pages[i], self.pages[i + 1])
                i += 1

    def run(self):
        self.RunWizard(self.pages[0])

    def on_page_changed(self, evt):
        #if coming from self.pages[0]
        #and direction is forward
        if evt.GetDirection(): direction = 'forward'
        else:                  direction = 'backward'

        if evt.GetPage() is self.pages[1]\
        and direction == "forward":
            self.pages[1].fill_gauge()

class StartPage(wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple):

    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple.__init__(self, parent)
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.text = wx.StaticText(self, -1,
        "This is the First Page")
        #self.text.Wrap(parent.GetClientSizeTuple()[0])
        self.sizer.Add(self.text, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER|wx.ALL, 5)

class UpdatePage(wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple.__init__(self, parent)
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.status = wx.StaticText(self, -1, "This is the Second Page")
        self.gauge = wx.Gauge(self, -1, name = "Guage")

        self.sizer.Add(self.status, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER|wx.ALL, 5)
        self.sizer.Add(self.gauge, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL|wx.ALL, 10)
        self.SetSizer(self.sizer)

    def update(self, percent, status):
        self.status.SetLabel(status)
        self.gauge.SetValue(percent)
        #self.Refresh()

    def fill_gauge(self):
        x = 0
        while x <=100:
            self.update(x, "Gauge is at %d" % x)
            x += 10
            time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    wizard = Wizard(None, "Updater")
    wizard.add_page(StartPage(wizard, "Updater"))
    wizard.add_page(UpdatePage(wizard, "Updater"))
    wizard.chain_pages()
    wizard.run()
    wizard.Destroy()
    app.MainLoop()

A:

Your method of updating the gauge is blocking the gui's event loop.
You could use a wx.Timer to call the update so it doesn't block.
See the following example of your modifed code.
import time
import wx.wizard

class Wizard(wx.wizard.Wizard):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.Wizard.__init__(self, parent, wx.ID_ANY, title)
        self.pages = []
        self.Bind(wx.wizard.EVT_WIZARD_PAGE_CHANGED, self.on_page_changed)

    def add_page(self, page):
        """Add a WizardPage to the pages list"""
        self.pages.append(page)

    def chain_pages(self):
        i = 0
        while 1:
            if i == len(self.pages) - 1:
                break
            else:
                wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple_Chain(self.pages[i],
                                                 self.pages[i + 1])
                i += 1

    def run(self):
        self.RunWizard(self.pages[0])

    def on_page_changed(self, evt):
        # if coming from self.pages[0]
        # and direction is forward
        if evt.GetDirection():
            direction = 'forward'
        else:
            direction = 'backward'

        if evt.GetPage() is self.pages[1]\
        and direction == "forward":
#             self.pages[1].fill_gauge()
            self.pages[1].timer.Start(1000)

class StartPage(wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple):

    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple.__init__(self, parent)
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.text = wx.StaticText(self, -1,
        "This is the First Page")
        # self.text.Wrap(parent.GetClientSizeTuple()[0])
        self.sizer.Add(self.text, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 5)

class UpdatePage(wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        wx.wizard.WizardPageSimple.__init__(self, parent)
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.status = wx.StaticText(self, -1, "This is the Second Page")
        self.gauge = wx.Gauge(self, -1, name="Guage")

        self.sizer.Add(self.status, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 5)
        self.sizer.Add(self.gauge, 0,
                       wx.EXPAND | wx.ALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL | wx.ALL, 10)
        self.SetSizer(self.sizer)

        self.gauge_pos = 0  # Added
        self.timer = wx.Timer(self)  # Added
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.on_gauge_timer)  # Added

    def update(self, percent, status):
        self.status.SetLabel(status)
        self.gauge.SetValue(percent)
        # self.Refresh()

#     def fill_gauge(self):
#         x = 0
#         while x <= 100:
#             self.update(x, "Gauge is at %d" % x)
#             x += 10
#             time.sleep(1)

    def on_gauge_timer(self, event):  # Added method
        if self.gauge_pos < 100:
            self.gauge_pos += 10
            self.update(self.gauge_pos, "Gauge is at %d" % self.gauge_pos)
        else:
            self.timer.Stop()
            self.gauge_pos = 0

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    wizard = Wizard(None, "Updater")
    wizard.add_page(StartPage(wizard, "Updater"))
    wizard.add_page(UpdatePage(wizard, "Updater"))
    wizard.chain_pages()
    wizard.run()
    wizard.Destroy()
    app.MainLoop()

Note: it needs better code adding to stop the timer and reset the gauge if you go back a page, but i only made it basicly work.


import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { OperationType } from 'relay-runtime';
import { RenderProps, LoadQuery } from './RelayHooksType';
import { useRelayEnvironment } from './useRelayEnvironment';

export const usePreloadedQuery = <TOperationType extends OperationType = OperationType>(
    loadQuery: LoadQuery,
): RenderProps<TOperationType> => {
    const [, forceUpdate] = useState();
    const environment = useRelayEnvironment();

    useEffect(() => {
        const dispose = loadQuery.subscribe(forceUpdate);
        return (): void => dispose();
    }, [loadQuery]);

    return loadQuery.getValue(environment) as RenderProps<TOperationType>;
};


One of Italy's most famous tourist attractions, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, has reopened for the first time in almost 12 years.

Bells rang out across Pisa to mark the tower's restoration.

One of the first visitors said the experience was "unbelievable". She said that after years of thinking that the tower was going to fall down, "you can't describe the sensation you have when you walk up the steps."


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
  <info>
    <title>International Surgery</title>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/international-surgery</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/international-surgery" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/vancouver-superscript" rel="independent-parent"/>
    <link href="http://www.internationalsurgery.org/" rel="documentation"/>
    <category citation-format="numeric"/>
    <category field="medicine"/>
    <issn>0020-8868</issn>
    <updated>2012-09-09T21:58:08+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
</style>


INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============

Pelvi ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is a common cause of hydronephrosis detected during antenatal ultrasound.\[[@ref1]\] Ultrasonogram (USG) and radionuclide renogram are widely used to identify those who require pyeloplasty.\[[@ref2][@ref3]\] Conventionally radionuclide scans are being used as gold standard in children, with deterioration in split renal function (SRF) being used as an indication for pyeloplasty. However several authors have expressed concern regarding failure of the lost split function to recover after surgery.\[[@ref4][@ref5]\]

The sonographic criteria for pyeloplasty have not been uniformly defined in the literature.\[[@ref6]--[@ref8]\] The anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APPD) and Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grading have been widely used to describe the severity of hydronephrosis on ultrasound although their usefulness have been widely debated when it comes to selection of patients for surgery.\[[@ref9]--[@ref12]\] Renal parenchymal-to-pelvicalyceal area has been used successfully to predict those who required pyeloplasty.\[[@ref13]--[@ref15]\] We have shown that pelvis cortex ratio (P/C ratio) is superior to APPD as a marker of success following pyeloplasty in children.\[[@ref16]\] In this study we have analyzed the role of P/C ratio in the follow-up of children with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and addressed its usefulness in selection of patients who require surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS {#sec1-2}
=====================

All the children presenting with unilateral fetal hydronephrosis (PUJ) between Jan 2007 and March 2008 were included. Children with bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureter, VUR, or other associated anomalies were excluded. All the patients were followed up with USG and radionuclide scans at 3-month intervals. Indication for pyeloplasty was 10% or higher drop in split renal function on the nuclear renogram during the follow-up.

During the entire study period, USG was performed by a standardized technique by the same sonologist to avoid bias: the USG machine, probe, and settings were kept identical (Voluson 730 Expert, GE Medical Systems; wide band linear probe 4-10 Mhz) during initial and follow-up scans to reduce error. Hydration was ensured in all children by clinical assessment to prevent dehydration causing an impact on the pelvis size. The child was kept quite so that crying and straining would not bias the measurements. The maximum APPD was measured in coronal section and maximum polar cortical thickness (CT) was measured in longitudinal section accurately. P/C ratio was calculated by dividing maximum APPD with maximum CT \[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}\].

![Preoperative USG in a patient with PUJ obstruction. White arrow represents maximum APPD in coronal section (40 mm in this patient). Black arrow represents maximum CT in longitudinal section (3 mm in this patient). P/C is calculated by dividing APPD with CT (13.3 in this patient).](IJU-26-494-g001){#F1}

Mean P/C ratio was compared between those who improved on conservative management and those who required surgery. Further analysis of P/C ratio versus outcome was performed. The outcome between groups was expressed as percentage. Statistical analysis was done using students *t* test and Fishers exact test and the difference in outcome was considered significant when the *P* value was less than 0.05.

RESULTS {#sec1-3}
=======

Among a total of 111 children (age range 1 month to 5 years; M: F = 2:1; median follow-up = 25 months), 87 (78%) improved on conservative management while 24 (22%) required pyeloplasty. The mean (± SD) P/C ratio was 2.7 ± 2.18 in those managed conservatively, and 13.5 ± 1.48 in those who required pyeloplasty \[[Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}\]. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (*P* \< 0.01 student\'s *t* test).

![Bars represent mean (+SD) P/C ratio in patients who required pyeloplasty (13.5 + 1.48) and those managed conservatively (2.7 + 2.18). The difference was statistically significant (*P* \<0.01).](IJU-26-494-g002){#F2}

[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"} shows the outcomes based on P/C ratio. All (22/22) children with P/C ratio of 12 or above required pyeloplasty; while 2/5 in the group with P/C ratio 8-12 and none (0/84) with P/C ratio less than 8 required pyeloplasty (*P* \<0.01 Fisher\'s Exact test). P/C ratio of 12 or above as a marker of PUJ obstruction has a sensitivity of 92%; specificity 100%; positive predictive value 100%; and negative predictive value 98%.

######

Table showing the outcome based on P/C ratio. All children with P/C ratio of 12 or above required pyeloplasty while only 2/5 with P/C ratio 8- 12, and none of those with P/C ratio \< 8 required pyeloplasty (*P* \<0.01 Fisher\'s Exact test)

![](IJU-26-494-g003)

DISCUSSION {#sec1-4}
==========

The incidence of antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis is as high as 1-5%. PUJ obstruction and transient physiological renal pelvic dilatation are important causes of unilateral hydronephrosis.\[[@ref1]\] Diuretic renography remains a gold standard in the evaluation of these patients with loss of SRF in progressive renal scans being the criterion to determine the presence of significant PUJ obstruction. However the lost SRF does not always recover following pyeloplasty\[[@ref2]--[@ref5]\] underscoring the need to select such patients earlier by alternative methods.

Hafez *et al*.\[[@ref6]\] felt patterns on serial USG were superior to invasive renography. Dhillon\[[@ref7]\] recommended simple follow-up for pelvic dilatations less than 12 mm, while surgery for those more than 50 mm. For the 20-50 mm group surgery was recommended in those with reduced function, symptoms, and increasing dilatation. Although SFU grading made sonographic assessment more descriptive, it helped more in comparing data between centers, rather than selection of patients for surgery.\[[@ref8]--[@ref11]\] Onen\[[@ref10]\] reported that neither SFU nor APPD could act the gold standard in determining the severity of hydronephrosis. Cost *et al*.\[[@ref13]\] felt that renal parenchymal area provided a more accurate estimate of renal size and function in the hydronephrotic kidney.

Imaji and Dewan\[[@ref15]\] introduced calyx parenchyma ratio as a marker of success following pyeloplasty. We felt that CT was also counted to assess success following pyeloplasty in children.\[[@ref16]\]

In the present study, we have analyzed the role of P/C ratio in the evaluation of children who presented with antenatally detected hydronephrosis. All patients with P/C ratio above 12 required pyeloplasty. All the children with P/C ratio less than 8 were successfully managed conservatively. In the group with P/C ratio 8-12, 2/5 (40%) required pyeloplasty.

Standardization of USG is an essential step in making it a useful tool. P/C ratio could be a useful, noninvasive, and simple criterion in addition to renographic parameters to select patients with significant obstruction for pyeloplasty. Further larger studies are required to strengthen or negate the evidence.

**Source of Support:** Nil

**Conflict of Interest:** None declared.


Blog by a cricket fan to keep people updated about matches, stats, records, live scores and lot more.

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ICC world T20 is now in super 10 stage. Get all information about daily matches, match results, points table etc here.

Ganguly out of Irani Trpohy Match -

Sourav Ganguly, ex Indian Cricket team captain has been left out of the Rest of India team for the Irani Trophy match. Alongwith Yuvraj Singh, Rohit Sharma and S Badrinath Mohammad Kaif made it to the team thanks to his 94 for India A against Australia A.

Ganguly's come back to Indian one day team sems to be impossible now. But there seems a good chance for Mohamad Kaif to impress the selectors he can fulfill Gangulys palce in test squad.

Meanwhile, Ashok Dinda, the Bengal medium-pacer, got a surprise call-up to the squad while Sachin Tendulkar, who declared himself fit for the match has made it along with Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman. Parthiv Patel, the other promotion from the India A side, is likely to open the batting with Wasim Jaffer.Here are the list of palyers of both teams


Introduction
============

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.[@b1-ott-10-5643] Adenocarcinoma is a major histological subtype of lung cancer, and its incidence rate has been increasing annually.[@b2-ott-10-5643] Early diagnosis and treatments are critical to improve the survival rate of patients with lung cancer. Chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics are two common treatment strategies for these patients. Gefitinib and erlotinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are important targeted therapies in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant patients and have shown promising clinical activity.[@b3-ott-10-5643] However, drug resistance during treatment leads to mutation, which is an important cause of tumor recurrence.[@b4-ott-10-5643] Another important mechanism underlying gefitinib resistance is focal amplification of the *MET* proto-oncogene.[@b3-ott-10-5643]

*MET* is a proto-oncogene that encodes transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor MET, and the tyrosine kinase activity is activated once the protein binds with its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HFG/SF), in vivo.[@b5-ott-10-5643] A range of downstream signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Ras-Rac/Rho, and phospholipase C-γ pathways, will be activated.[@b6-ott-10-5643] MET receptor signaling pathway is involved in cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and drug resistance, and can be activated by the upregulation of HGF, receptor mutation, *MET* amplification, and MET overexpression.[@b7-ott-10-5643] All these alterations refer to the development and progression of lung cancer and are associated with poor clinical outcome;[@b8-ott-10-5643] thus, MET signaling is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Several MET targeting inhibitors including TKIs and antagonistic antibodies show potential use in clinical trials.[@b9-ott-10-5643],[@b10-ott-10-5643] As a nonselective MET inhibitor, crizotinib shows its antitumor role in vivo and exhibits potency against MET-driven tumor models.[@b11-ott-10-5643]--[@b13-ott-10-5643] Cabozantinib is a TKI that acts against MET and has shown clinical activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer in a Phase II randomized trial.[@b14-ott-10-5643] Based on their advantageous preclinical profile, noninvasive diagnostic tools are helpful to estimate the status of MET in clinical practice.

Cancer cells preferentially rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate energy; this phenomenon is called "the Warburg effect."[@b15-ott-10-5643] Based on the glucose metabolism characteristic of the cancer cells, ^18^F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (^18^F-FDG PET/CT) has been used routinely for the diagnosis and staging of tumors.[@b16-ott-10-5643] In addition to its known role in cancer, MET signaling may also regulate glucose metabolism.[@b17-ott-10-5643]--[@b19-ott-10-5643] Perdomo et al revealed that MET signaling stimulates glucose transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle through the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway.[@b18-ott-10-5643] MET signaling induces the metabolic adaptation of colorectal cancer to angiogenesis inhibitors.[@b20-ott-10-5643] However, the relationship between ^18^F-FDG uptake and MET expression is not yet fully elucidated.

We investigated the correlation between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV~max~) and the expression of MET and several selected glycolysis-related markers, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) ([Figure 1](#f1-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). We also revealed the effect of MET on the ^18^F-FDG uptake in vitro. Our study aimed to investigate the ability of ^18^F-FDG to predict the status of MET and to show the potential of ^18^F-FDG as a novel biological indicator for clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment options.

Patients and methods
====================

Study population
----------------

Fifty-seven patients who underwent tumor resection after ^18^F-FDG PET/CT at Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Renji Hospital and Shanghai Chest Hospital from December 2007 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: none of the patients had received treatment before PET/CT scanning; complete case records; tumor pathology of lung adenocarcinoma had been confirmed by histopathologic examination of surgical specimens; available tissue specimen for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. This research was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Renji Hospital and Shanghai Chest Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

PET-CT examination
------------------

^18^F-FDG PET/CT image was obtained using a PET/CT scanner (Biograph mCT; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). After fasting for at least 6 h (blood glucose levels were less than 140 mg/dL), all patients were intravenously injected with 3.7 MBq/kg ^18^F-FDG. Immediately after CT scanning, PET was acquired using three min per bed position and reconstructed iteratively with segmented correction for attenuation using the CT data. Irregular regions of interest were placed over the most intense area of ^18^F-FDG accumulation for semi-quantitative analysis. SUV was calculated according to the following formula: maximum pixel value with the region-of-interest activity (MBq/kg/(injected dose \[MBq\]/body weight \[kg\]).

Immunohistochemistry
--------------------

Paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues were used for the IHC analysis. Anti-MET antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), anti-GLUT1 antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), or anti-PKM2 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) was applied on 4 μm sections. Intensity of staining was scored according to the following criteria: 0 (no staining), 1 (weak staining), 2 (intermediate staining), and 3 (strong staining). In addition, 0 (0%), 1 (1%--9%), 2 (10%--49%), and 3 (50%--100%) were used to score the percentage of positive cells. Intensity of staining and percentages of cells were used to score the slides (0 to 9). An IHC score \<4 was considered negative, whereas an IHC score ≥4 was considered positive. The slides were evaluated by two independent observers who were blinded to the clinical data.

Cell culture
------------

A549 and H1299 cell lines were purchased from the Cell Bank of the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were incubated at 37°C under 5% CO~2~.

Transfection of siRNA
---------------------

Cells were transfected with oligo small silencing RNAs using Lipofectamine 2000. The sequences of siRNA oligos used in our study were as follows: MET (sense 5′-CAGAAUGUCAUUCUACAUGAG-3′, antisense 5′-CUCAUGUAGAAUGACAUUCUG-3′), GLUT1 (sense 5′-UGAUGUCCAGAAGAAUAUU-3′, antisense 5′-AAUAUUCUUCUGGACAUCA-3′), and negative control (sense 5′-UUCUCCGAGCGUGUCACGUTT-3′, antisense 5′-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT-3′).

^18^F-FDG uptake measurements
-----------------------------

A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with siRNAs in 12-well plates. Approximately 48 h after transfection, the cells were collected, washed with PBS, and incubated in 1 mL of glucose-free DMEM containing ^18^F-FDG (148 kBq \[4 μCi/mL\]) for 1 h at 37°C. Afterward, 1 mL of 0.1 M NaOH was used to produce lysates. A well γ-counter was used to detect the radioactivity of lysates. At the end of the experiments, data were normalized to total protein. Three independent experiments were performed during our study.

Quantitative real-time PCR
--------------------------

Approximately, 5×10^5^ cells were seeded in 12-well plates and transfected with siRNAs as indicated for 48 h. Cells were collected and washed with PBS for two times. Total RNA was isolated by using a TRIzol kit (Omega, Norcross, GA, USA). RNA concentration was measured by using NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotometers (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Then 500 ng of total RNA was reversely transcribed into first-strand cDNA using PrimeScript RT master mix (Takara, Tokyo, Japan). SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Takara) in a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to perform quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Primers used in our study were as follows: MET (forward primer 5′-AGCAATGGGGAGTGTAAAGAGG-3′, reverse primer 5′-CCCAGTCTTGTACTCAGCAAC-3′, GLUT1 (forward primer 5′-CAGTTCGGCTATAACACTGGTG-3′, reverse primer 5′-GCCCCCGACAGAGAAGATG-3′). The PCR cycling conditions were as follows: 95°C for 5 min, 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 s and 55°C for 20 s, 72°C for 20 s and dissociation at 95°C for 15 s, 60°C for 1 min and 95°C for 15 s. The data were analyzed using the 2^−ΔΔCt^ method,[@b21-ott-10-5643] where ΔCT = CT (target gene) − CT (internal control) and ΔΔCT = ΔCT (treatment groups) − ΔCT (control group). All qRT-PCR reactions were performed in triplicate.

Western blotting
----------------

Approximately, 1×10^6^ cells were seeded in six-well plates and transfected with siRNAs as indicated for 48 h. Cells were collected and washed with PBS for two times. After that, cells were lysed using RIPA lysis solution (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P 40, complete protease inhibitor cocktail) for 30 min on ice, and then centrifuged at 15,000× *g* for 30 min at 4°C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS \[2X\]) sample buffer was added to the cell extracts and boiled for 10 min at 100°C. Samples of 45 μg of protein were loaded onto SDS-polyacrylamide gel for electrophoreses as follows: 4.5% spacer gel at 80 V for the coloring matter closing to the top of separation gel and 10% separation gel at 120 V until the bromophenol blue running to the bottom of gel. The separated protein was transferred to the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) at 100 V for 1.5 h. Nonfat (5%) milk was used to block nonspecific background for 1 h at room temperature followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with the primary anti-MET (1:1,000) and anti-GLUT1 (1:5,000) antibodies. Anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were used in our study. The samples were visualized by using a chemiluminescent substrate (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Statistical analysis
--------------------

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. Unpaired two-tailed *t*-test was used to analyze the difference between groups. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to analyze dichotomous variables. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the SUV~max~ and protein expression levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the best threshold of SUV~max~ that can be used to predict the MET expression. Overall survival curves were calculated using Kaplan--Meier method and were compared by log-rank test. All tests of significance were two-sided; and *P*-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results
=======

Patient characteristics
-----------------------

Our test subjects included 33 males and 24 females. The age of patient ranged from 41 to 79 years with a mean value of 61 years. The primary tumor SUV~max~ ranged from 0.7 to 24 with a mean value of 6.56. The tumor size ranged from 0.80 to 9.30 cm with a mean value of 2.66 cm. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 20 patients.

Correlation of patient characteristics with MET expression
----------------------------------------------------------

IHC analysis was carried out to assess the expression of MET. MET protein was primarily localized on the cell membrane, or in the cytoplasm of tumor cells ([Figure 1](#f1-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). To investigate the relationship between MET expression and the biological characteristics of tumor tissues, we divided the patients into the following two categories according to immunhistochemistry of MET: positive MET expression group (n=21) and negative MET expression group (n=36). The results of the univariate analysis for each factor are shown in [Table 1](#t1-ott-10-5643){ref-type="table"}. MET expression was not associated with age, sex, tumor size, tumor differentiation, or TNM stage. However, the SUV~max~ and lymph node metastasis of these two groups were significantly different. Kaplan--Meier analysis showed that the overall survival rate was significantly lower in the positive MET expression group than in the negative MET expression group (*P*=0.040) ([Figure 2](#f2-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}).

Correlation of SUV~max~ with MET expression
-------------------------------------------

To assess the correlation between ^18^F-FDG uptake and MET expression in lung adenocarcinomas, we performed IHC staining in 57 patients who underwent ^18^F-FDG PET/CT before tumor resection. We found that SUV~max~ was significantly higher in the MET-positive group than in the MET-negative group (9.92±6.62 vs 4.60±3.00; *P*=0.002). Positive correlation was observed between SUV~max~ and MET score (*r*=0.458, *P*\<0.001) ([Table 2](#t2-ott-10-5643){ref-type="table"}). ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff value of SUV~max~ that is suggestive of positive MET results. The area under the curve was 0.751. The sensitivity and specificity in suggesting MET positive expression were 66.7% and 75%, respectively, when the cutoff value of SUV~max~ was set at 6.2 ([Figure 3](#f3-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). These data suggested that ^18^F-FDG PET/CT can be used to predict the MET expression status in lung adenocarcinoma. We also used multivariate analysis to rule out the possibility that the predictive value of SUV~max~ for MET status, and the results showed that SUV~max~ remained significantly correlated with MET expression in lung adenocarcinoma in multivariate analysis ([Table 3](#t3-ott-10-5643){ref-type="table"}).

Relationship among ^18^F-FDG accumulation, MET expression, GLUT1 expression, and PKM2 expression
================================================================================================

IHC analysis was carried out to assess the expression of GLUT1 and PKM2. Cell membrane staining for GLUT1 was considered positive staining ([Figure 1](#f1-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). PKM2 immunoreactivity was readily detected in the cytoplasm and was occasionally detected in the nucleus ([Figure 1](#f1-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}).

We investigated the association between GLUTI, PKM2 expression according to their IHC staining scores and PET SUV~max~. Spearman rank analysis showed that SUV~max~ was positively correlated with GLUT1 expression (*r*=0.551; *P*\<0.001) but not correlated with PKM2 expression (*r*=0.176; *P*=0.190) ([Table 2](#t2-ott-10-5643){ref-type="table"}). SUV~max~ in tumor group with high GLUT1 expression (n=22, 9.71±5.96) was significantly higher than that in the group with low GLUT1 expression (n=35, 4.58±3.70; *P*=0.001). A positive correlation was found between MET expression and GLUT1 expression (*r*=0.408; *P*=0.002) but not between MET expression and PKM2 expression (*r*=0.003; *P*=0.980). We speculate that MET could increase ^18^F-FDG accumulation by upregulating GLUT1 expression but not PKM2 expression.

Effect of MET downregulation on the cellular uptake of ^18^F-FDG
================================================================

Given the correlated expression of MET and GLUT1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, ^18^F-FDG uptake was tested to assess whether MET regulation of GLUT1 affects metabolic flux in A549 and H1129 cells. The results showed that MET knockdown by specific siRNA significantly reduced the ^18^F-FDG uptake in A549 and H1299 cells. GLUT1 knockdown by specific siRNA further reduced ^18^F-FDG uptake; however, no additive effect was observed when si-MET was combined with si-GLUT1, indicating that the effect of MET on glycolysis in A549 and H1129 cells was GLUT1 dependent ([Figure 4](#f4-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}).

To further elucidate the mechanism behind these effects, we investigated the effect of MET knockdown on the expression of GLUT1. The results showed that the mRNA levels of GLUT1 were significantly decreased in A549 and H1299 cells treated with siRNA against MET ([Figure 5A and B](#f5-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). Western blot analysis showed that MET knockdown by specific siRNA reduced the GLUT1 proteins in A549 and H1299 cells ([Figure 5C and D](#f5-ott-10-5643){ref-type="fig"}). These results suggested that MET modulated ^18^F-FDG uptake via the regulation of GLUT1 mRNA and protein levels.

Discussion
==========

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.[@b1-ott-10-5643] Chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics are two common treatment strategies in lung adenocarcinoma patients. EGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor, and its mutation is common in adenocarcinoma and has shown promising data in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.[@b22-ott-10-5643] EGFR TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib have shown promising clinical activity.[@b3-ott-10-5643] However, MET amplification has been reported to be an important reason which leads to acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors.[@b3-ott-10-5643],[@b5-ott-10-5643],[@b23-ott-10-5643] Approximately, one-fifth of patients resistant to EGFR inhibitors have exhibited MET amplification or expression.[@b3-ott-10-5643],[@b24-ott-10-5643] Several MET-targeting inhibitors have shown potential use in clinical trials.[@b9-ott-10-5643],[@b10-ott-10-5643] The combination of EGFR and MET dual inhibitory strategies showed a synergistic benefit in MET overexpression patients with acquired resistance to EGFR TKI.[@b25-ott-10-5643] Based on their advantageous preclinical profile, noninvasive methods are helpful to estimate the status of MET in clinical practice and show the potential to evaluate the effect of the molecular-targeted therapeutics on advanced MET-positive lung adenocarcinoma. PET-CT is one of the currently available noninvasive imaging methods and is widely used in the diagnosis and staging of malignant tumors or monitoring of chemotherapeutic response in patients with cancer.[@b26-ott-10-5643] Our results revealed that SUV~max~ was significantly higher in MET-positive expression tumors than in MET-negative expression tumors, suggesting that ^18^F-FDG accumulation may reflect MET expression in lung adenocarcinomas.

In 2007, Lutterbach et al first reported MET gene amplification and overexpression in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines[@b27-ott-10-5643] and their association with poor overall survival.[@b28-ott-10-5643],[@b29-ott-10-5643] In our present study, we found the MET expression rate to be 36.8% by using immunohistochemistry, which was in agreement with previous reports.[@b29-ott-10-5643],[@b30-ott-10-5643] We found a positive correlation between MET protein expression and primary tumor SUV~max~, which was significantly higher in patients with positive expression of MET than in those with negative expression of MET. Tian et al also reported similar observation in human colorectal carcinoma.[@b31-ott-10-5643] ROC analysis indicated that ^18^F-FDG PET/CT scans could predict MET expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that SUV~max~ was correlated significantly with MET expression. These data suggested that ^18^F-FDG uptake can predict MET status and can be used to monitor the effects of MET-targeted therapeutics in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

GLUT1 and PKM2 are two key rate-limiting enzymes for glycolysis. ^18^F-FDG uptake in cancer cells depends mainly on glucose transporter proteins. However, the association of ^18^F-FDG uptake with these glycolysis-related markers is currently being debated.[@b16-ott-10-5643],[@b32-ott-10-5643] Our results showed that there was a positive association between GLUT1 expression and SUV~max~ but not between PKM2 expression and SUV~max~. We also found a significant correlation between MET expression and GLUT1 expression. In renal cell carcinoma, the hyperactivation of MET signal promoted glycolysis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.[@b33-ott-10-5643] Brauer et al reported that the altered expression of MET pathway changed the expression of GLUTI and consequently affected Warburg-like metabolism in breast cancer.[@b19-ott-10-5643] All these data suggested that MET signal is involved in glycolysis in cancer. Our results showed that MET knockdown significantly inhibited ^18^F-FDG uptake by reducing the mRNA and protein levels of GLUT1 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. In theory, in vitro experiments supported our finding that MET expression was correlated with GLUT expression. ^18^F-FDG uptake could predict MET expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

The prognostic value of MET expression in adenocarcinoma lung is debatable; several reports indicated that patients with MET expression or amplification show a poor prognosis in NSCLC,[@b28-ott-10-5643]--[@b30-ott-10-5643] whereas others failed to find an association with prognosis.[@b34-ott-10-5643],[@b35-ott-10-5643] In our research, we found that patients with positive MET expression had reduced overall survival compared with those showing negative MET expression. We also found that MET expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis; this finding was consistent with those of previous studies.[@b34-ott-10-5643] Our results showed a correlation between MET expression and lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma and supported the role of MET signal in driving lymph node angiogenesis in cancer cells.[@b36-ott-10-5643],[@b37-ott-10-5643]

However, there were some shortcomings in our study. First, our study was conducted at a single center, indicating that the sample size was relatively small. Second, this research was a retrospective study with unavoidable selection bias. A multicenter prospective study that includes many clinical samples is needed to confirm our results.

Conclusion
==========

We found that ^18^F-FDG accumulation was positively correlated with MET expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients. A significant correlation was found between MET expression and GLUT1 expression, and MET increased the ^18^F-FDG uptake by upregulating GLUT1 expression. ^18^F-FDG PET/CT shows the potential as a complementary image tool for predicting MET expression and for assessing the molecular profiles of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Since several MET targeting inhibitors and antagonistic antibodies have brought promising data in lung adenocarcinoma patients with high MET expression, finding new noninvasive methods (eg, molecular imaging) to predict MET status will be beneficial for guiding and monitoring of MET-targeted therapeutics.

The study was supported by research grants from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (201440606), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 81530053, 81471685, 81372195, 81471687, 81572719) and "973" Project (2012CB932600).

**Disclosure**

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

![Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining: (**A**) MET, (**B**) GLUT1, and (**C**) PKM2 (magnification ×400). Scale bar: 50 μm.\
**Abbreviations:** GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2.](ott-10-5643Fig1){#f1-ott-10-5643}

![Kaplan--Meier survival analysis according to MET expression. Graph shows that survival time in patients with positive MET expression (n=17) was significantly lower than that in patients with negative MET expression (n=32, *P*=0.040).](ott-10-5643Fig2){#f2-ott-10-5643}

![Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of SUV~max~ (maximal standardized uptake value) to predict MET expression. With an SUV~max~ of 6.2 as the threshold, sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of MET expression were 66.7% and 75%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.751 (95% CI: 0.609--0.892, *P*=0.002).](ott-10-5643Fig3){#f3-ott-10-5643}

![Graphs show influence of MET knockdown on ^18^F-FDG (^18^F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake. Influence of MET on ^18^F-FDG uptake in lung adenocarcinoma (**A**) A549 and (**B**) H1299 cell lines. MET knockdown by specific siRNA (small silencing RNA) significantly decreased ^18^F-FDG uptake in A549 (*P*=0.035) and H1299 (*P*=0.010) cells. GLUT1 knockdown by specific siRNA further reduced ^18^F-FDG uptake in A549 (*P*=0.011) and H1299 (*P*=0.001) cells. However, no additive effect was observed when si-MET was combined with si-GLUT1 in A549 (*P*=0.708) and H1299 (*P*=0.764) cells. \**P*\<0.05, \*\**P*\<0.01.\
**Abbreviations:** GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; NC, negative control; NS, nonsignificant.](ott-10-5643Fig4){#f4-ott-10-5643}

![Graphs show influence of MET on expression of GLUT1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. (**A** and **B**) Influence of MET on the mRNA levels of GLUT1 in (**A**) A549 and (**B**) H1299 cells. MET knockdown by specific siRNA (small silencing RNA) significantly decreased the mRNA levels of GLUT1 in both A549 (*P*=0.000) and H1299 (*P*=0.029) cells. (**C** and **D**) Influence of MET on the protein levels of GLUT1 in (**C**) A549 and (**D**) H1299 cells. MET knockdown by specific siRNA significantly decreased the protein levels of GLUT1 in both A549 and H1299 cells. \**P*\<0.05, \*\**P*\<0.01.\
**Abbreviations:** GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; NC, negative control.](ott-10-5643Fig5){#f5-ott-10-5643}

######

Relationship between MET expression and clinical-pathological characteristics (n=57)

  Variable                MET expression   *P*-value
  ----------------------- ---------------- ----------- -------
  Age, years                                           1.000
   \<60 years             16               10
   ≥60 years              20               11
  Gender                                               0.520
   Male                   22               11
   Female                 14               10
  Tumor size (cm)                                      0.560
   \<3.0                  25               13
   ≥3.0                   11               8
  Tumor differentiation                                0.089
   Well                   14               5
   Moderate               12               4
   Poor                   10               12
  Pathological N stage                                 0.037
   N0                     27               10
   N1                     9                11
  TNM stage                                            0.081
   I + II                 27               11
   III + IV               9                10
  SUV~max~                                             0.002
   Mean ± SD              4.60±3.00        9.92±6.62

**Abbreviation:** SUV~max~, maximal standardized uptake value.

######

Spearman correlation coefficients and *P*-value between the immunohistochemical staining scores for MET, GLUTI, and PKM2 expression with SUV~max~

  Variable   SUV~max~
  ---------- ---------- ---------
  MET        0.458      \<0.001
  GLUT1      0.551      \<0.001
  PKM2       0.176      0.190

**Abbreviations:** GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2; SUV~max~, maximal standardized uptake value.

######

Multivariate analysis of MET expression in 57 patients with lung adenocarcinoma

  Parameter               Multivariate analysis   *P*-value
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -------------- -------
  Age, years              0.963                   0.896--1.053   0.307
  Gender                  0.508                   0.130--1.989   0.331
  Tumor size (cm)         0.973                   0.631--1.500   0.902
  Tumor differentiation   0.886                   0.360--2.182   0.792
  Pathological N stage    1.020                   0.191--5.431   0.982
  TNM stage               0.584                   0.138--2.467   0.464
  SUV~max~                1.254                   1.016--1.548   0.035

**Abbreviations:** SUV~max~, maximal standardized uptake value; OR, odds ratio.

[^1]: These authors have contributed equally to this work


Q:

Lambda can only be used with functional interface?

I did this:
public class LambdaConflict
{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        //*
        System.out.println(LambdaConflict.get(
            (str) -> "Hello World!! By ME?"
        ));
        /*/
        System.out.println(LambdaConflict.get(new Intf<String> (){
            @Override public String get1(String str){
                return "Hello World!! By get1 " + str;
            }
        }));
        /*****/
    }

    public static String get(Intf<String> i, boolean b){
        return i.get1("from 1");
    }
}

interface Intf<T>
{
    public T get1(T arg1);

    public T get2(T arg1);
}

and get this exception:

incompatible types: Intf is not a functional interface
          multiple non-overriding abstract methods found in interface Intf
      Note: Some messages have been simplified; recompile with -Xdiags:verbose to get
      full output
      1 error

Is there any condition that I can't use lambda to replace anonymous class?

A:

No. There is no way to "overcome" this. A functional interface must have only one abstract method. Your interface has two:
interface Intf<T> {
    public T get1(T arg1);
    public T get2(T arg1);
}

Note: You don't need to annotate your interface as mentioned in comments. But you can use the @FunctionalInterface annotation to get compile time errors if your interface is not a valid functional interface. So it brings you a little bit more security in your code.
For more see e.g. http://java.dzone.com/articles/introduction-functional-1

A:

Just for reference and to enrich the answers already given:
As per JSR-335: Lambda Expressions for the Java Programming Language, in section Lambda Specification, Part A: Functional Interfaces it says:

A functional interface is an interface that has just one abstract
  method (aside from the methods of Object), and thus represents a
  single function contract. (In some cases, this "single" method may
  take the form of multiple abstract methods with override-equivalent
  signatures inherited from superinterfaces; in this case, the inherited
  methods logically represent a single method.)

So, what you need is to either provide a default implementation for one of your methods or put one of your methods in a different interface.

A:

Think about it:

How should the compiler know if you want to override get1 or get2?
If you only override get1, what will be get2's implementation? Even the code you commented out won't work because you don't implement get2...

There are reasons for this limitation...


The odd year election cycle of 2009 is fast approaching with two gubernatorial races entering the national scene. New Jersey and Virginia will steal the '09 spotlight, but several large cities will conduct mayoral elections and at least one House Seat will be up for grabs. The depth of public polling is however limited to the two Gubernatorial elections for the moment, and I don't suspect this will change.

I've compiled gubernatorial election polling released so far in 2009 and applied our projection methodology. The resulting conclusions, along with each poll, is depicted in the graphs below. The graphs are dynamically updated upon the inclusion of a new poll, and embeddable. The complete list of polling data is available on our Polls and Graphs page with the gubernatorial elections prefixed with "2009" on the Race drop down list.

HTML Code:

Forum Code:

[url=http://voteforamerica.net/polls.aspx?Race=2009 New Jersey&Election=Governor#Results][img]http://voteforamerica.net/chart.aspx?State=2009 New Jersey&Election=Governor[/img][/url]

HTML Code:

Forum Code:

[url=http://voteforamerica.net/polls.aspx?Race=2009 Virginia&Election=Governor#Results][img]http://voteforamerica.net/chart.aspx?State=2009 Virginia&Election=Governor[/img][/url]

I've got two quick pieces of analysis, one for each state and I'll preface my comments by stating that I know very little about each state and next to nothing about the candidates. I can however provide demographic and historical perspectives.

Let's begin with New Jersey; Democratic Incumbent Jon Corzine currently trails by about 8 percent. A back-analysis of our 2008 Senate projections reveals that just two candidates overcame an 8 percent deficit in mid-July and they were both the challenger rather than the incumbent; Hagan (D) in North Carolina and Merkley (D) in Oregon. A Corzine victory would not be unprecedented, but given the political environment of an odd year election, where nobody cares, it seems unlikely. Our model currently gives Corzine just a 1.05% chance of victory.

Virginia features a much more competitive, incumbent-less field in a state trending heavily blue. The Republican Candidate, Bob McDonnell currently has the upper hand as Creigh Deeds' primary bounce seems to be subsiding; but with that being said, neither candidate has obtained inevitability. The biggest wild card in this election will be the contribution of the Democratic National Committee which is currently chaired by the present Governor of Virginia, Tim Kaine. If Deeds and Kaine can effectively leverage the Democratic base in Virginia, they should easily win. McDonnell's strategy is simple, stay ahead and hope election fatigue sets in, thus diminishing Democratic turnout. In either case, the victor of the next month will likely be the victor at the end of three months.

I'll post a polling update every Monday from now until November 3rd with the latest polls and analysis pertaining to the two gubernatorial elections of 2009. If another race produces fluid polling data, I'll incorporate that data as well, but I just don't see it happening.


Palliative management of pressure ulcers and malignant wounds in patients with advanced illness.
Pressure ulcers and malignant wounds are prevalent in populations with advanced illness. In these populations, the goals of care may shift from a primary focus on healing to a focus on wound management, palliation and comfort. Many complications associated with these wounds must be palliated. This review explores the palliative approach to managing pressure ulcers and malignant wounds in patients with advanced illness. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Databases for articles addressing wound management and palliation was performed. We also reviewed online wound care resources and textbooks related to the field. The key to good wound care is prevention if possible, ongoing wound assessment, correct choice of dressing and use of available adjuvant therapies. The ultimate goals of palliative wound care are to control pain, to manage infection, odor, bleeding, and exudate, and to maintain a good quality of life for the patient and caregiver.