List of breweries in Minnesota

Breweries in Minnesota produce a wide range of beers in different styles that are marketed locally, regionally, and nationally. Brewing companies vary widely in the volume and variety of beer produced, from small nanobreweries and microbreweries to massive multinational conglomerate macrobreweries.

In 2014, Minnesota's 109 brewing establishments (including breweries, brewpubs, importers, and company-owned packagers and wholesalers) employed 667 people directly, and more than 24,000 others in related jobs such as wholesaling and retailing. As of 2017, the number of craft breweries had grown to 112, and the craft brewing overall economic impact of $1,324,000,000 ranked 14th among US states.

Including people directly employed in brewing, as well as those who supply Minnesota's breweries with everything from ingredients to machinery, the total business and personal tax revenue generated by Minnesota's breweries and related industries was more than $480 million. Consumer purchases of Minnesota's brewery products generated more than $177 million extra in tax revenue. In 2014, according to the Brewers Association, Minnesota ranked 14th in the number of craft breweries per capita, with 2.7 breweries per 100,000 adults.

For context, at the end of 2013 there were 2,822 breweries in the United States, including 2,768 craft breweries subdivided into 1,237 brewpubs, 1,412 microbreweries and 119 regional craft breweries. In 2016, according to the Beer Institute, the brewing industry employed around 64,745 Americans in brewing and distribution and had a combined economic impact of more than $350 billion.

Breweries

Breweries in Minnesota may produce their own beer, produce contract beers, or both. Breweries which are known to produce contract beer are noted, but this specification does not exclude non-contract brewing, nor does a lack of this specification exclude contract brewing.

See also
 Beer in the United States
 List of breweries in the United States
 List of microbreweries

References

*
Minnesota
Category:Minnesota-related lists
Category:Lists of companies based in Minnesota


# encoding: utf-8

require_relative 'io'
require_relative 'formatters'

module Logging
  # Main class. Instantiate it to start logging.
  # In reality all this class does is to provide
  # convenience proxy to {file:lib/logging/io.rb io objects}
  # and {file:lib/logging/formatters.rb formatters}.
  class Logger
    # Log levels. At the moment adding new log levels
    # isn't supported. This might or might not change.
    LEVELS ||= [:error, :warn, :info]

    # Label is required only when you use the default
    # {file:lib/logging/io.rb io object}.
    attr_reader :label

    # Create a new logger.
    #
    # @param label [String, nil] Label. For instance `logs.myapp.db`.
    # @param block [Proc] Block with the newly created instance.
    #
    # @yield [logger] The logger instance which just has been created.
    #
    # @example
    #   # Create logger with default values, specifying
    #   # only the label (mandatory when not specifying io).
    #   logger = Logging::Logger.new('logs.my_app.db')
    #
    #   # Create a logger specifying a custom formatter and io.
    #   logger = Logging::Logger.new('logs.my_app.db') do |logger|
    #     logger.io = Logging::IO::Pipe.new(logger.label, '/var/mypipe')
    #     logger.formatter = Logging::Formatters::Colourful.new
    #   end
    def initialize(label = nil, &block)
      @label = label
      block.call(self) if block
    end

    # The cached io instance. If there's none, one will be created.
    #
    # @raise [RuntimeError] If the label isn't specified (when creating new deafult io).
    def io
      @io ||= begin
        if self.label
          IO::Raw.new(self.label)
        else
          raise "You have to provide label in Logger.new if you want to use the default io object!"
        end
      end
    end

    attr_writer :io

    # The cached formatter instance. If there's none, one will be created.
    def formatter
      @formatter ||= Formatters::Default.new
    end

    attr_writer :formatter

    # @!method error(*messages)
    #   Log an error message.
    #   @param messages [Array<#to_s>] Messages to be logged.
    #   @api public
    #
    # @!method warn(*messages)
    #   Log a warning message.
    #   @param messages [Array<#to_s>] Messages to be logged.
    #   @api public
    #
    # @!method info(*messages)
    #   Log an info message.
    #   @param messages [Array<#to_s>] Messages to be logged.
    #   @api public
    LEVELS.each do |level|
      define_method(level) do |*messages|
        log(level, *messages)
      end
    end

    # Underlaying function for logging any kind of message.
    # The actual functionality is delegated to {#io}.
    #
    # @param level [Symbol] Log level.
    # @param messages [Array<#to_s>] Messages to be logged.
    def log(level, *messages)
      if messages.length == 1
        self.io.write_single_message(self.formatter, level, messages.first)
      else
        self.io.write_multiple_messages(self.formatter, level, messages)
      end
    end

    # Delegate to `self.io#write.
    #
    # @param args [Array] Arguments for `write` method of current `io` object.
    def write(*args)
      self.io.write(*args)
    end
  end
end


Conformational response of the glycocalyx to ionic strength and interaction with modified glass surfaces: study of live red cells by interferometry.
We have measured separation distances between live human red blood cells and simple or modified glass surfaces, using the finite aperture technique of microscope interferometry. In general, separation increases as the ionic strength falls, in isotonic solutions. Restriction on movement parallel to the glass in all except the most dilute salt solutions, coupled with the absence of Brownian motion, indicates direct molecular contact with the substratum. Thus increased separation must be due to swelling of the glycocalyx under electrostatic forces. However, at approximately less than to 2mM adherent cells show a separation greater than 100 nm, execute Brownian motion and the restriction on lateral motion is less evident. This suggests that secondary minimum adhesion by long-range forces with little or no direct molecular connection occurs at extreme dilution only. Treatment of cells with trypsin reduces separation by up to 40 nm, but the extent to which this reflects reduced double-layer repulsion due to loss of surface charge, as opposed to the reduced opportunity for swelling in a trimmed-down glycocalyx, is unclear. Adhesion at a separation approximately 100 nm in 1 mM buffer after trypsinization supports the view that adhesion can occur without very long glycoprotein connections, but does not prove it. Adhesion to unwettable methylated glass and completely wettable unmethylated glass, with an identical ionic strength dependence of the separation, shows that hydrophilicity is not an absolute requirement. Red cells interact closely at all ionic strengths with glass made polycationic with poly-L-lysine, owing to electrostatic attraction. The interference technique also shows that adherent cells can be spaced from the glass by an intervening layer of previously absorbed serum albumin.


Q:

Program hangs and does not loop

I am a beginner in c++. I wrote a program to separate the digits in an integer entered and display them and their sum. However, when the loop repeats, the program hangs even though it compiled perfectly. I tried a '... while' loop and a while loop but the problem persists. What should I do to have it repeat (ask user for next integer, calculate and display the results) without problems? Any help will be appreciated.
//Preprocessor directives
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

//Standard library
using namespace std;

//enter function main
int main()
{
int num;
int digit;
int sum = 0;
int pwr = 0;

cout << "Enter an integer: " << endl;
cin >> num;
cout << endl;
 while (num != 0 )
 {
//while loop to ask user to enter another number
cout << "The integer you entered is: " << num << endl;
cout << "The digits of " << num << " are: " << endl;

if (num < 0)
    num = -num;

    //find the highest number of 10 that divides the number

while (num / static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr)) >= 10)
    pwr++;

while (num > 0)
{
    digit = num / static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr));
    cout << digit << " ";
    sum = sum + digit;
    num = num % static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr));
    pwr--;
}

if (pwr != -1) //Either num is 0 or there are trailing zeros in num
    while (pwr != -1)
    {
        cout << 0 << " ";
        pwr--;
    }
cout << endl;

cout << "The sum of the digits = " << sum << endl;

while (num != 0);
cout << "Enter another integer: " << endl;
cin >> num;
cout << endl;

}
 return 0;
}

A:

//Preprocessor directives
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

//Standard library
using namespace std;

//enter function main
int main()
{

 while (true )
 {
//reset initial values every loop
int num;
int digit;
int sum = 0;
int pwr = 0;

cout << "Enter an integer: " << endl;
cin >> num;
cout << endl;
//same exit condition
if (num == 0)
    break;
//while loop to ask user to enter another number
cout << "The integer you entered is: " << num << endl;
cout << "The digits of " << num << " are: " << endl;

if (num < 0)
    num = -num;

    //find the highest number of 10 that divides the number

while (num / static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr)) >= 10)
    pwr++;

while (num > 0)
{
    digit = num / static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr));
    cout << digit << " ";
    sum = sum + digit;
    num = num % static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr));
    pwr--;
}

if (pwr != -1) //Either num is 0 or there are trailing zeros in num
    while (pwr != -1)
    {
        cout << 0 << " ";
        pwr--;
    }
cout << endl;

cout << "The sum of the digits = " << sum << endl;
//extraneous
/*while (num != 0);
cout << "Enter another integer: " << endl;
cin >> num;
cout << endl;*/

}
 return 0;
}


FONTLOG for the Lilita font

This file provides detailed information on the Lilita
font Software.

This information should be distributed along with the
Lilita fonts and any derivative works.

Basic Font Information

Lilita is a display typeface with a fat look, ideal for
headlines and short texts. With a slightly condensed
structure and some eye-catching details it adds
personal and soft looks to any page.

Lilita is a Unicode typeface family that supports
languages that use the Latin script and its variants, and
could be expanded to support other scripts.

This release supports the following Unicode
ranges: Latin-1

To contribute to the project contact Juan Montoreano at
juan@remolacha.biz

ChangeLog

If you make modifications be sure to add your name (N),
email (E), web-address (if you have one) (W) and description (D).

N: Juan Montoreano
E: juan@remolacha.biz
W: http://www.remolacha.biz
D: Original Type Designer


The Content Jungle: Australians aren't happy with algorithm program recommendations

Australians are drowning in content, streaming an average of 13.5 hours of video each week, competing with social media and browsing online.

However, many are uncomfortable with the algorithm-based program recommendations on what they should watch.

Deloitte’s annual Media Consumer Survey shows most Australians want a way to search through all the content jungle, not just parts of it.

Pay television remains the most valued media content subscription.

Australians are faced with so much entertainment they dream of a universal search of the content jungle for the best programs and the best value.

The seventh edition of Deloitte’s annual Media Consumer Survey underlines the proliferation of media and entertainment content and the challenges for both consumers and providers.

Australians stream an average of 13.5 hours of video each week and are seeing the rise of telco-tainment, esports and in-home voice assistant technology.

More than 40% of respondents to this year’s survey purchased a video on demand subscription, such as Netflix or Stan, up from 32% last year.

“But with the entertainment world now at our finger tips, people are finding it harder to decide what to watch, how and where,” says Niki Alcorn, Deloitte Sydney Managing Partner and Technology Media & Telco Consulting Partner.

“Nearly a quarter of respondents are uncomfortable with the algorithm-based program recommendations created to direct us through the content jungle (raising concern about the impact of these on future programming decisions) and 75% would like to be able to search all content in the one place.”

Pay television remains the most valued media content subscription across all ages, stable at 31%, despite 20% of respondents having indicated in 2017 that they would cancel subscriptions in the next 12 months (16% in 2018).

In a content jungle, 91% of respondents multi-task while watching TV, predominantly by using social media.

Australians are spreading their attention time thinly. Most is spent on watching streamed video, which accounts for 20% of total time, but only slightly ahead of social media (19%), followed by web and app browsing (15%).

A snapshot:

Deloitte

Kimberly Chang, Deloitte lead partner, telco-tainment, a move of telcos into digital entertainment, is on the rise with 21% of video and music streaming subscribers now accessing services as part of a packaged internet or mobile plan.

“The strategic importance of digital entertainment to telcos is now unmistakable,” says Chang.

More than two third (70%) of respondents say digital entertainment inclusions from their telco provider influenced their purchase decision, and 79% say it is a key reason for staying as a customer.

“The attraction of family or household accounts accessed across multiple devices is clear, although the survey showed that there is a bending of the rules with high levels of ‘extended’ sharing as 26% of respondents (40% of Millennials) share log-in details outside the home at least once a month.”


Q:

Difference between abbr E and abbr M in IA-32 Architectures Software Developer Manual 2C

I am decoding X86 hex code representation to back to assembly. Section A.2.1 of ISA manual 2C provides the abbreviation Codes for Addressing Method (Page A-2 Vol. 2C). Can anyone explain me the what is the difference between abbr E and abbr M ?

E - A ModR/M byte follows the opcode and specifies the operand. The
  operand is either a general-purpose register or a memory address. If
  it is a memory address, the address is computed from a segment
  register and any of the following values: a base register, an index
  register, a scaling factor, a displacement.
M - The ModR/M byte may refer only to memory (for example, BOUND, LES,
  LDS, LSS, LFS, LGS, CMPXCHG8B).

A:

E can allows any source or destination residing in memory or a register (such as MOV EAX, DWORD PTR DS:[ESI] or MOV EAX, ESI), where as M only allows memory addresses, which means it cannot address a register, but it can address the memory pointed to by the value in the register (CMPXCHG8b ESI is invalid, where as CMPXCHG8b QWORD PTR DS:[ESI] is valid).


884 + -30883. Sort -3, d, l, 4 in descending order.
4, d, -3, l
Let f(q) = 4*q**2 + 3*q. Let w be f(-2). Suppose -m - 3*d = 2*d + 17, -2*m - 4 = -5*d. Suppose 68*z + 85*z + 101*z + 1270 = 0. Sort z, w, m.
m, z, w
Let q = -141 + 135.4. Let d = q - -1.6. Sort -2, 1, 0.16, d in descending order.
1, 0.16, -2, d
Let t = 12.076 + -2.076. Put 2/3, 0, t, -1 in decreasing order.
t, 2/3, 0, -1
Let c be (12/(-5))/((18/(-20))/9*3). Sort 30, c, 1, 0.
0, 1, c, 30
Suppose h = -4*m - 27, 3*m + 8 = -13. Suppose -c = -z - 2 + 5, -17 = -5*z + 3*c. Sort z, -2, h.
-2, h, z
Let w = -6232 + 6230. Put w, 21, 0, -1, -5 in descending order.
21, 0, -1, w, -5
Let b be ((-1)/2 - -2)*-2. Suppose s - 3*t - 51 = 0, 15*t + 46 = 16. Sort -5, 5, s, b.
-5, b, 5, s
Let g(x) = -2*x**2 - 5*x + 1. Suppose 107*p = 104*p + 168. Let k = p + -59. Let w be g(k). Put 4, -4, w in ascending order.
-4, w, 4
Let i = 20 - 27. Let y be -3 + (-8)/32 + 65/20 + -4. Suppose 0*u + 3*u = -15. Sort i, y, u in increasing order.
i, u, y
Let f = -138/53 + 1474/159. Put -1/3, f, -0.2, 0.2 in decreasing order.
f, 0.2, -0.2, -1/3
Let f(g) = -g**3 - 3*g**2 + 2*g + 4. Let n be f(-3). Let c = 3121 + -40571/13. Sort -0.4, c, n in descending order.
c, -0.4, n
Let u(o) = -o**3 + 4*o**2 + 4*o + 4. Let h be u(5). Let j be h + 1 - (-8 - -10). Let f = -3.346 - -0.346. Put j, 5, f in descending order.
5, j, f
Suppose -2*f - 1 = -f, 1 = q + 3*f. Suppose 4*z - 2*m - q = 0, 3*z = -z + 3*m. Put -2/11, z, 0.4, -3 in ascending order.
-3, -2/11, 0.4, z
Suppose -187 - 71 = -394*d + 308*d. Sort 5, -10, d, 1/8 in increasing order.
-10, 1/8, d, 5
Suppose -554 + 649 = -19*z. Sort z, 2/23, -3/5, -0.4.
z, -3/5, -0.4, 2/23
Let f be 18/54*(-6)/(-14). Sort 0.1, 0.07, f in increasing order.
0.07, 0.1, f
Let d = 0.05 + 0.03. Suppose j - 2*h = -6, -3 = 3*j - h - 0*h. Suppose j = 4*p - 14 + 10. Put 2, p, d in increasing order.
d, p, 2
Let r = 64 + -75. Let w(k) = 9*k + 16*k**2 - 14*k**2 - 8*k - k**3. Let v be w(-1). Sort r, 3, v in descending order.
3, v, r
Let m be (-10)/(-3)*(-156)/(-260). Suppose 635 - 635 = m*d. Sort d, 3, -17, -1 in descending order.
3, d, -1, -17
Let b = 2037.8 + -2052. Sort -3, -5, b, 2 in decreasing order.
2, -3, -5, b
Let y be ((-2)/(-1))/((-2)/3). Let u = -159132 + 159132. Sort u, -19, y in ascending order.
-19, y, u
Let f(x) = -x**2 + 6*x + 5. Let a be f(6). Let b = 0.67648 + -0.57648. Let c = 0.04 + 3.96. Sort c, a, b in descending order.
a, c, b
Suppose -3*f - 20 = 2*f. Let m be (18/24)/(50/(-16) - -3). Let a be (-166)/12 + 1/m. Sort f, 1, -5, a in descending order.
1, f, -5, a
Let z = 5918 - 5915. Sort 6, z, 169 in increasing order.
z, 6, 169
Suppose 70*y = -271 - 79. Sort y, -3, 2, -7, -1 in ascending order.
-7, y, -3, -1, 2
Let p = 85 + -81. Suppose 0*r - b = 2*r - 13, -4*b = p*r - 32. Put 3, r, 15 in increasing order.
3, r, 15
Suppose -3*u + 15*y + 16 = 19*y, y + 11 = 3*u. Let k be ((-4)/6)/(1/6). Let c(p) = -p + 10. Let x be c(9). Sort u, k, 5, x.
k, x, u, 5
Let q = 3041 + -3058. Sort q, 5, -62 in descending order.
5, q, -62
Suppose -26*u - 36*u = -28*u. Sort u, -5, 4, 5, 3 in descending order.
5, 4, 3, u, -5
Let h = -45056.5236 + 45057. Sort -2/15, 4, h in ascending order.
-2/15, h, 4
Let m = -6.4 + 3. Let i = -18.6 + m. Let z be (13 + 166/(-10))*26/(-117). Sort z, 0.1, i in increasing order.
i, 0.1, z
Let m = 20366 - 20566. Put -16, -2/21, m, 1/3 in increasing order.
m, -16, -2/21, 1/3
Suppose z = -z + 8. Let g be z/(-3)*(-15)/110. Let p = -10255 + 10250. Put -13/6, p, g in descending order.
g, -13/6, p
Suppose -3*r = 0, 4*w + 4*r = 7*w - 111. Let k = w + -110/3. Sort -5, k, -1 in descending order.
k, -1, -5
Let m = -8439 - -8415. Sort 6, -5, m, 5.
m, -5, 5, 6
Let z be (-12)/((-6)/12*6). Let w = 98 + -65. Let b = w + -36. Put 2, b, -5, z in increasing order.
-5, b, 2, z
Suppose q - 1 = -f, q - 19 = -4*f - 3. Sort 476, 10, f in increasing order.
f, 10, 476
Let v = 60 - -6. Let c = 8955 - 9054. Let r = c + v. Sort 4, -2, 0, r.
r, -2, 0, 4
Let z = 673 - 672.383. Let s = 0.565 - z. Sort s, 0.5, 3 in descending order.
3, 0.5, s
Let y = -131 + 134. Let n(a) be the second derivative of a**3/6 - 8*a**2 - 2*a. Let l be n(15). Sort -4, l, y in descending order.
y, l, -4
Suppose -k = -3, -5*j + 57 = -5*k - 98. Let u be j/(-4) + 3 + (-35)/(-7). Sort -5, 1/6, u, 14 in decreasing order.
14, 1/6, u, -5
Let r(a) = -a**2 - 6*a - 5. Let u be r(-6). Let l be ((-8)/20)/(32/80). Let j be (-36)/(-6) + l + -9 - -6. Sort j, 0, u in ascending order.
u, 0, j
Suppose p + p = -2*f - 132, 5*f + 2*p = -318. Let v be ((-8)/(-10))/(f/(-1705)) - 5. Sort -4, -5, -3, v in decreasing order.
v, -3, -4, -5
Let k(i) = 10*i - 37. Let d be k(4). Suppose p = -3*b + 26 + 6, -2*b = -5*p - 10. Suppose -30 = 5*s + 5*o, -2*s - b = d*s + o. Put 6, -5, s in decreasing order.
6, s, -5
Let x be (-1011)/(-5) - (-3)/15*-1. Let m = 207 - x. Sort m, 3/7, -17, -5 in ascending order.
-17, -5, 3/7, m
Let v = 215 + -210. Let t = -2/15 - 16/15. Sort t, v, -0.5.
t, -0.5, v
Let k = -1/6 + -11/42. Let d = 994 + -1016.9. Let j = 23.02 + d. Put j, k, -5 in descending order.
j, k, -5
Let x(p) = -2*p**3 - 3*p**2 - p - 6. Let b be x(-2). Sort 1/222, -2, 1, b in decreasing order.
1, 1/222, b, -2
Suppose 5087*y - 5088*y - 1 = 0. Let d(h) = h**3 + 8*h**2 - 7. Let p be d(-8). Let g(l) = -l**2 - 8*l + 5. Let b be g(p). Sort y, b, -5 in descending order.
b, y, -5
Let m be (-394)/90 - 10/25 - -5. Let j = -22 - -22. Suppose 4 = 4*s - 8. Sort m, s, j.
j, m, s
Let i = 535 + -1604/3. Let d = -1/49 + -13/49. Put -3/7, 4, i, d in descending order.
4, i, d, -3/7
Let s = -0.3 + -0.1. Suppose 4*o - 3*f + 471 = 0, -o - 108 = -3*f - f. Let u be (2/150*4)/((-80)/o). Sort u, s, -2/3 in decreasing order.
u, s, -2/3
Let c be 10/102*(182/(-637) - 52/(-35)). Sort -5/3, c, 174, -2, 2 in ascending order.
-2, -5/3, c, 2, 174
Let s = 4082.2 - 4512. Let t = -430 - s. Sort 8, t, 0.11, 1 in decreasing order.
8, 1, 0.11, t
Let r = 2.1 + 0.9. Let h = 38 + r. Let l = -41 + h. Sort -0.5, l, 0.6 in decreasing order.
0.6, l, -0.5
Let g(y) = y**3 - 3*y**2 - 6*y + 12. Let t(q) = 3*q**3 + 2*q**2 - 1. Let w be t(1). Let z be g(w). Put -3, 1, -21, z in decreasing order.
z, 1, -3, -21
Let n be ((-12558)/(-1610))/(6/10). Suppose 2*a + 4*m = 24, 6*a - 2*a = -3*m + 28. Put a, -5, n in increasing order.
-5, a, n
Let r = 0.06 + 1.94. Let p = -17.882 - -0.282. Let x = p - -17.3. Sort r, -5, x.
-5, x, r
Let h = -152/3 - -454/9. Sort h, -8, -0.03 in decreasing order.
-0.03, h, -8
Let u be 8/10*1560/48. Suppose -4*o - 3*z = -6*z + 112, -56 = 2*o + 5*z. Let j = o + u. Sort 0, j, -4 in increasing order.
-4, j, 0
Suppose 38 + 11 = 18*c + 13. Let y = 17 + -19. Put 0, y, c in ascending order.
y, 0, c
Let m = -22 - -16. Let v(g) = 4*g + 26. Let c be v(m). Suppose -5*x = i - 38, 2*i - c*x + 23 = 3*i. Sort -3, 5, i.
-3, 5, i
Let u(o) = -574*o + 2905. Let t be u(5). Let h be (-2)/(-6)*3/(-2). Put 0.4, h, t in descending order.
t, 0.4, h
Let q be 1/1 - 0/(-1). Let k(h) = 11*h + 1. Let l be k(2). Let f be l + -21 - (-9)/(-5). Sort q, 3/5, f in ascending order.
f, 3/5, q
Suppose 0 = -4*w - 3*j - j + 88, j = -2*w + 45. Let b = 9 - w. Let x(k) = -2*k**2 - 17*k - 30. Let y be x(-2). Put 3, y, b in decreasing order.
3, y, b
Let d = -478123/5 - -96014. Let b = d + -389. Sort 1/42, -1/5, -0.5, b in descending order.
b, 1/42, -1/5, -0.5
Let t = -364.1 - -364. Put 0, t, 4/3, -1, -6 in decreasing order.
4/3, 0, t, -1, -6
Let a = 61 + -193. Let i be (-108)/(-44) - 72/a. Sort -6, 1, -2, i in descending order.
i, 1, -2, -6
Suppose 7*u - 6*u + 183*u + 368 = 0. Put u, -4, 1, 30 in ascending order.
-4, u, 1, 30
Suppose -3*f + 137*u = 133*u - 8, -2*f - 4*u - 8 = 0. Let q be (-2)/6 + 10/(-6). Let a = q + 1. Sort a, f, 2 in descending order.
2, f, a
Let p = -23.09 - -23. Let f = 0.1063 - 1.0163. Let k = f + p. Sort 1/4, k, -2 in decreasing order.
1/4, k, -2
Let m be (129/(-32) + (45 - 41))*-4. Let i = 277/470 - -1/94. Sort 2, m, i in decreasing order.
2, i, m
Let t = -32831 - -32836. Let d(l) = -l**2 + 3*l - 1. Let o be d(1). Put o, 4/9, t in increasing order.
4/9, o, t
Let j be 21/12 + (-3096)/1440. Put j, 251, 1 in decreasing order.
251, 1, j
Let g(z) = -z**2 - 8*z - 10. Let c(w) = w**2 + 7*w - 3. Let n be c(-7). Let u be g(n). Suppose 0 = 5*


  NO. 12-00-00150-CR

NO. 12-00-00151-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT

TYLER, TEXAS

TIMOTHY MIMS,§
		APPEAL FROM THE 7TH
APPELLANT

V.§
		JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF

THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE§
		SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS

	The original opinion heretofore entered on August 9, 2001, is set aside and the same is hereby
withdrawn and the following original opinion is entered in lieu thereof, to wit:
	Timothy Mims ("Appellant") appeals his two convictions for aggravated assault.  The two
cases were consolidated for trial.  A jury returned a verdict of guilty, and assessed his punishment
at fifteen years of confinement and a $5,000.00 fine in each case.  There was an affirmative finding
of a deadly weapon in each case.  Appellant raises two issues on appeal.  We affirm.

Background

	Erin Adams ("Erin"), age sixteen, met an old friend from Troup Junior High School, Grace
Starkey ("Grace"), who was nineteen. The two initially decided that Erin would spend the night with
Grace, but plans quickly changed after Grace decided to spend the night with her boyfriend,
Appellant.  Grace arranged for Appellant's friend, Jarrod, to go out with Erin.  During the course of
the evening, the four of them went to Grace's mother's house and drank alcohol, then went to a local
restaurant, where they argued with another group of youths.  In the restaurant parking lot,  Erin saw
an acquaintance of Appellant's give Appellant a pistol.  The  four then went to the home of  a friend
of Appellant where Appellant argued with and choked a young man.  After Appellant, Erin and
Grace cursed at the family, they were ordered to leave the house.  Appellant drove down Grande
Boulevard in Tyler to the intersection of Old Jacksonville Highway where Appellant pulled in the
parking lot of a closed gas station.  Appellant then yelled and cursed at a young man, Herbert "Ty"
Yarbrough ("Ty").  Appellant then "head-butted" Ty, causing his lip to bleed.  Continuing to yell and
curse at Ty, Appellant brandished the gun and threatened to "kill everybody," including Ty, his
friend, and a couple using a pay phone.  Appellant then got back in his vehicle and drove to his
house.
	Once back at his trailer house, Appellant began to make sexual overtures toward Erin.
Infuriated, Grace left the house.  Erin was then alone with Appellant and Jarrod.  Appellant
continued his unwanted overtures toward Erin, who continued to reject him, once even slapping him.
They went outside, where Appellant sprayed Erin with a water hose and temporarily locked her out
of the house.  Subsequently, Appellant took Erin to his car.  Appellant told Erin to pray and that she
was going to die.  Appellant then drove Erin to a nearby country road, forced her to get out of the
car and kneel down, put a gun to her head and said he was going to kill her.  However, Appellant did
not kill Erin.  Rather, he let her up and took her back to his house.  At this point, Grace had returned
to Appellant's house and drove Erin home.
	Appellant was charged with assaulting both Ty and Erin.  The jury found Appellant guilty
of both charges of aggravated assault, and sentenced him to fifteen years in prison and a $5,000.00
fine in each case.
	Appellant raises two issues. (1)  First, he contends the trial court erred in denying a motion for
mistrial.  Second, he contends the evidence is legally and  factually insufficient.

Motion for Mistrial

	Appellant's first issue contends that the trial court erred in not granting his motion for
mistrial.  During the State's redirect of Erin, Erin testified about her conversation with Grace as
Grace was taking her home.  The State asked her what Grace told her.  Erin said Grace was
encouraging Erin not to tell her father about Appellant pointing the gun at her because ". . . it was
no big deal and then she got into saying that Tim dealt cocaine."  Appellant immediately objected.
	In a conference at the bench, Appellant argued that the State had not provided the information
regarding allegations of drug delivery during discovery and asked for a mistrial based on the State's
failure to provide information.  The State responded that the comment about dealing cocaine was
unexpected, and that they were trying to develop Erin's grand jury comments.
	Appellant's trial attorney objected and asked the court for an instruction to the jury to
disregard the statement regarding Appellant dealing drugs.  The court sustained Appellant's
objection and instructed the jury to disregard the statement.  Appellant then moved for a mistrial,
which was denied.
	The issue before us is whether the trial court's instruction to disregard was sufficient to
overcome the impact of the witness's statement.  Preserving error as to the admission of
objectionable evidence to a jury involves a three-step process:  making an objection, requesting an
instruction to disregard, and finally, making a motion for mistrial. Cook v. State, 858, S.W.2d 467,
473 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).  When a litigant has received that relief which he has requested,
nothing is preserved on appeal.  "Appellant must obtain an adverse ruling in order to preserve a
matter for review." Cook v. State, 858 S.W.2d 467, 473 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Nethery v. State,
692 S.W.2d 686, 701 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985).
	Considering the use of an instruction to disregard, the Court of Criminal Appeals has stated:

	In the vast majority of cases in which . . . testimony comes in, deliberately or inadvertently, which has
no relevance to any material issue in the case and carries with it some definite potential for prejudice
to the accused, this Court has relied upon what amounts to an appellate presumption that an instruction
to disregard the evidence will be obeyed by the jury.  In essence this court puts its faith in the jury's
ability, upon instruction, consciously to recognize the potential for prejudice, and then consciously to
discount the prejudice, if any, in its deliberations.  Thus we say the harm deriving from the
unresponsive answer has been "cured."  This is true except in extreme cases where it appears that the
evidence is clearly calculated to inflame the minds of the jury and is of such a character as to suggest
the impossibility of withdrawing the impression produced on their minds.
Ladd v. State, 3 S.W.3d 547, 567 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999), cert. denied, 529 U.S.1070, 120 S. Ct.
1680, 146 L. Ed. 2d 487 (2000), quoting Gardner v. State, 730 S.W.2d 675, 696 (Tex. Crim. App.
1987).  Further, the jury is presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to have followed
the instruction to disregard, and to have not considered the statement for any purpose.  Hinojosa v.
State, 4 S.W.3d 240, 253 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).  A witness's inadvertent reference to an
extraneous offense is generally cured by a prompt instruction to disregard. Rojas v. State, 986
S.W.2d 241, 250 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998).
	A mistrial is the appropriate remedy for the most egregious of testimonial errors.  Wood v.
State, 18 S.W.3d 642, 648 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).  The Court of Criminal Appeals has explained
the use of a mistrial as follows:

 A mistrial is a device used to halt trial proceedings when error is so prejudicial that expenditure or
further time and expense would be wasteful and futile.  Thus, a trial court may properly exercise its
discretion to declare a mistrial if an impartial verdict cannot be reached, or if a verdict of conviction
could be reached but would have to be reversed on appeal due to an obvious procedural error. [citation
omitted].  The determination of whether a given error necessitates a mistrial must be made by
examining the particular facts of the case. [citation omitted].  The asking of an improper question will
seldom call for a mistrial, because, in most cases, any harm can be cured by an instruction to disregard.
[citation omitted].  A mistrial is required only when the improper question is clearly prejudicial to the
defendant and is of such character as to suggest the impossibility of withdrawing the impression
produced on the minds of the jurors. [citation omitted].  A trial court's denial of a mistrial is reviewed
under an abuse of discretion standard.

Ladd, 3 S.W.3d at 567.
	The statement which Appellant found objectionable was made during the State's presentation
of its evidence in chief through one of the victims.  The State contended that the comment was
unexpected.  The trial court gave the following instruction to the jury:

	Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury, the last statement of the witness had no place whatsoever in this
trial.  It is not to be considered for any purpose whatsoever.  It is to be wholly and completely
disregarded, never discussed.  It has no place whatsoever in this trial at all, not for any purpose period.

The jury was then recessed, and a hearing was conducted on the statement concerning Appellant's
alleged cocaine delivery.  The witness testified that she thought she may have told a policeman about
it, but could not remember specifically who she told.  She further stated she did not tell anyone in
the District Attorney's office.  The trial court noted that no officer had written any such comment
in any police  report that it had been provided.  The State's lead attorney testified that she had been
unaware of any such cocaine delivery prior to the witness's comment during trial.  Further, she
testified that neither the witness nor any police officer involved in the case investigation had ever
mentioned to her anything about Appellant's alleged cocaine delivery during the State's preparation
for trial.  The court reviewed on the record and followed the pattern of the trial court's jury
instruction to disregard which had been approved in Dickey v. State. 979 S.W.2d 825 (Tex.
App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998), rev'd on other grounds, Dickey v. State, 22 S.W.3d 490 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1999).
	When the jury returned, the Court again instructed them to disregard the witness's comment
stating:

 We are ready to proceed at this time, and Ladies and Gentlemen, I wanted to reenforce, reiterate the
instruction I gave you before we recessed.  The witness'[sic] last answer had to do with the sale of
cocaine is to be disregarded totally.  It is not to be considered for any purpose whatsoever.  There is
no evidence here to support the witness'[sic] statement regarding that and so it has no purpose here;
and it is not to be discussed, not to be considered at all and is to be totally disregarded. Any questions
about that?  If you do raise your hand.  There are no hands raised.  Everybody understands the
instructions, and I anticipate will follow those instructions.

	The statement by the witness was not in direct response to the prosecuting attorney's
question.  The State's lead attorney testified that she was not expecting such a response, and was
unaware of such information.  The witness was uncertain as to whether she had told anyone about
the cocaine delivery, but was sure that she had not given such information to the State's attorney.
The trial court stated on the record that the statement was not included in the police reports.
Appellant immediately objected.  Appellant's objection was sustained.  Appellant then requested a
motion to disregard.  The trial court gave two extensive admonitions to the jury to disregard the
statement.  Further, Appellant's motion for mistrial was denied.  We conclude that the two
instructions to disregard were sufficient, in light of the statement of the witness and the Appellant's
and trial court's immediate and thorough response, to overcome any impact of the statement, and to
have "cured" any error.  Thus, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling
Appellant's motion for mistrial.  Appellant's first issue is overruled.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

	In his second issue, Appellant complains that the evidence was legally and factually
insufficient.  Analysis of the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence adduced at trial and
considered by the jury are based on the following legal principles.
Legal Sufficiency
	In reviewing a legal sufficiency question, we must view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.  Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319,
99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); Whitaker v. State, 977 S.W.2d 595, 598 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1998); Mason v. State, 905 S.W.2d 570, 574 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995).  The trier of fact, here,
the jury, is the exclusive judge of the credibility of witnesses and of the weight to be given their
testimony.  Barnes v. State, 876 S.W.2d 316, 321 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Williams v. State, 692
S.W.2d 671, 676 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).  The jury is entitled to draw reasonable inferences from
the evidence.  Benavides v. State, 763 S.W.2d 587, 588-89 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1988, pet.
ref'd).  Likewise, reconciliation of conflicts in the evidence is within the exclusive province of the
jury.  Losada v. State, 721 S.W.2d 305, 309 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986).  Sufficiency of the evidence
is measured by the hypothetically correct jury charge.  Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1997).
	Under section 22.02 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits the offense of aggravated
assault if the person:
. . .

	. . . commits assault as defined in Section 22.01 and the person:

. . .

uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.

. . .

Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(1) (Vernon 1994).

	A person commits the offense of assault if the person:
 . . .

	intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the
person's spouse;

. . .

Tex. Pen. Code Ann.§ 22.01(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2001).
	The evidence before the jury, as related to the aggravated assault of Erin, was Erin's
testimony that Appellant  drove her to a secluded area, told her to pray because she was about to die,
made her kneel down, threatened to kill her and put a pistol to her head.  The evidence before the
jury, as related to the aggravated assault of Ty, was that Appellant saw him at a gas station and exited
his car, that Appellant verbally assaulted him, physically attacked him, brandished a pistol and
threatened to kill him.  Appellant's trial attorney painted a starkly contrasting portrait of the events
of the night of the assaults through Appellant's witnesses, through his cross-examination of State's
witnesses, and by way of strong opening and closing arguments.  However, when presented with
conflicting evidence, the jury, through their office as the judges of the facts and as evaluators of the
credibility of the witnesses, chose to believe the State's case over the Appellant's.
	Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we find that there was legally
sufficient evidence on which the jury, as the trier of fact, could have found the essential elements of
the crimes beyond a reasonable doubt.  The testimony set forth above was legally sufficient to
support the conviction of Appellant.  Therefore, Appellant's second issue as it relates to legal
sufficiency is overruled.
Factual Sufficiency
	Appellant further contends in his second issue that the evidence is factually insufficient to
support the charges of aggravated assault for which Appellant was convicted.  When reviewing the
factual sufficiency of the evidence, we view all the evidence, but not in the light most favorable to
the prosecution.  Cain v. State, 958 S.W.2d 404, 407 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).  We set aside the
verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong
and unjust.  Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 129 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996).  In conducting this
analysis, our duty is to examine the trier of fact's weighing of the evidence. Scott v. State, 934
S.W.2d 396, 398 (Tex. App.- Dallas 1996, no pet.).  We consider all of the evidence in the record
related to an appellant's sufficiency challenge, comparing the weight of the evidence that tends to
prove guilt with the evidence that tends to disprove it.  See Santellan v. State, 939 S.W.2d 155, 164
(Tex. Crim. App. 1997).  Because we consider all of the evidence in conducting a factual sufficiency
review, we necessarily consider any reasonable alternative hypotheses raised by the evidence.  Ates
v. State, 21 S.W.3d 384, 391 (Tex. App.-Tyler 2000, no pet.); Richardson v. State, 973 S.W.2d 384,
387 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1998, no pet.).  However, the mere existence of a reasonable alternative
hypothesis does not render the evidence factually insufficient.  Ates, 21 S.W.3d at 391; Richardson,
973 S.W.2d at 387.
	Because the jury is the sole judge of the facts, we must give deference to jury findings. Cain,
958 S.W.2d at 407.  What weight to give contradictory testimonial evidence is within the sole
province of the jury, because it turns on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor.  Id. at 408-09.
We are not free to re-weigh the evidence and set aside a jury verdict merely because we feel that a
different result is more reasonable.  Id. at 407.  We cannot reverse the verdict if reasonable minds
could differ about the conclusions to be drawn from the evidence.  Richardson, 973 S.W.2d at 387.
We find the evidence factually insufficient only where necessary to prevent manifest injustice.  Cain,
958 S.W.2d at 407.  A decision is not manifestly unjust merely because the jury resolved conflicting
views in favor of the State.  Id. at 410.
	Although we must give deference to jury findings because the jury is the sole judge of the
facts, absolute deference is not the standard.  Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 8 (Tex. Crim. App.
2000); Cain, 958 S.W.2d at 407.  The degree of deference we give to jury findings must be
proportionate with the facts which we can accurately glean from the trial record.  Johnson, 23
S.W.3d at 8.  Our factual sufficiency analysis can consider only those few matters bearing on
credibility that can be fully determined from the cold appellate record.  Unless the appellate record
before us reveals that a different result is appropriate, we must defer to the jury's determination
concerning what weight to give contradictory testimonial evidence because resolution often turns
on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor, and the jury was in attendance when the testimony was
delivered.  Id.  We then accord this evidence appropriate consideration in the context of our overall
analysis.  Id. at 8-9.  A factual sufficiency review encompasses the formulations used in both civil
and criminal cases.  Id. at 11.  This means that the evidence can be factually insufficient if (1) it is
so weak as to be clearly wrong and manifestly unjust, or (2) the adverse finding is against the great
weight and preponderance of the available evidence.  Id.  The Court of Criminal Appeals in Johnson
further states:

	. . . [T]he complete and correct standard a reviewing court must follow to conduct a Clewis factual
sufficiency review of the elements of a criminal offense asks whether a neutral review of all the
evidence, both for and against the finding, demonstrates that the proof of guilt is so obviously weak
as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination, or the proof of guilt, although adequate taken
alone, is greatly outweighed by contrary proof.

Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 11.
	Applying the law to the facts in the present case, we cannot say the verdict is so contrary to
the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust.  The jury heard the
evidence in both the State's case and Appellant's case.   The State's case included several  witnesses
to Appellant's aggravated assault on Ty Yarbrough, and one witness, Erin, the victim, about the
aggravated assault on her.
	Appellant called several witnesses who testified about the evening and whose testimony
could be perceived as discrediting some of the State's witnesses.  However, the jury chose to believe
the State's witnesses.  The jury witnessed the demeanor and testimony of the witnesses and were able
to assess the credibility of the witnesses far better than a reviewing court depending solely on the
cold record.  Therefore, we hold there was factually sufficient evidence to support the verdict and
to support the jury's finding of each of  the aggravated assault.  The portion of Appellant's second
issue, regarding the factual sufficiency of the evidence, is overruled.
	Having found no reversible error, we affirm Appellant's conviction.

  SAM GRIFFITH
 Justice

Opinion delivered August 10, 2001.
Panel consisted of, Worthen, J. and Griffith, J.
Davis, C.J., not participating

(PUBLISH / DO NOT PUBLISH)
1.  Issue two is multifarious, containing two distinct issues. "A multifarious point is one that embraces more
than one specific ground. [citation omitted] While we may disregard them and refuse to review multifarious points of
error, we may elect to consider them if we are able to determine, with reasonable certainty, the alleged error about
which the complaint is made." Stults v. State, 23 S.W.3d 198, 205 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet.
ref'd).  In the interest of justice, each sub-issue will be addressed.


New South Wales Family and Community Services (FACS) Minister Brad Hazzard has refused to confirm whether his department's budget will be slashed by $70 million next year.

Labor has obtained internal departmental documents titled "Changing the Way We Work" which suggest it must find annual savings of $70 million.

"The majority of these savings will come from staff reductions in the central parts of FACS where we will need to be 30 per cent smaller," the document states.

The NSW Opposition used budget estimates to confront the Minister about the document, asking how many FACS staff would be slashed as a result of a $70 million budget cut.

But Mr Hazzard refused to confirm or deny the figure and would not put a number on job losses, only saying there would be no frontline cuts.

"I'm not confirming anything at this point except for the fact that the budget that we have will be more than adequate to meet the various needs because I as a minister will ensure that," Mr Hazzard said.

He said there were efficiency cuts taking place across all departments.

"If there does need to be more funds I will happily argue, as I did this year, for additional funds out of treasury," he said.

There were heated exchanges as Labor committee member Penny Sharpe pushed him to put a figure on job cuts.

"It's a $70 million cut. How many staff are going? It's not unreasonable for this committee to be asking that question. That's what estimates are actually for," Ms Sharpe said.

But Mr Hazzard refused to detail any job cuts.

"I have just confirmed to you that there would be no frontline cuts," Mr Hazzard said.

Ms Sharpe continued to press the point.

"That's not what I'm asking, Minister," she said.

"I understand the difference."

Mr Hazzard still would not confirm any budget or job cuts.

"It's becoming rather tedious," Mr Hazzard shot back.

'No savings from frontline child protection positions'

After the hearing, the Director General of the NSW Department of Service Michael Coutts-Trotter issued a statement confirming that 91 positions would be cut in the FACS central office.

The statement came after Labor issued a press release suggesting as many as 5,000 jobs could go.

Mr Coutts-Trotter described that claim as "stunningly wrong".

"Documents published inside our department and provided to unions and to the NSW Industrial Relations Commission make plain we will reduce our central office by 91 positions, with 86 of these being executive positions," he said.

"In addition to the 91 net job losses, we are also reducing our use of contractors and eliminating some vacant positions in central offices.

"No savings have come from frontline child protection positions.

"Caseworker numbers have risen over time and we have the lowest vacancy rate among caseworkers for six years."


Type A behavior and marital interaction: hostile-dominant responses during conflict.
Previous research has indicated that the risk conferred by men's Type A versus B behavior depends, in part, on the personality characteristics of their spouses. In the present study of 60 married couples, we found that couples consisting of two Structured Interview-defined Type A's showed a larger increase in hostile/dominant behavior during discussions of marital conflicts than did couples consisting of two Type B's or a Type A husband and a Type B wife. Couples consisting of a Type B husband and a Type A wife displayed an intermediate level of hostile dominance. These results are consistent with previous speculations about interpersonal dynamics in Type A behavior and interaction patterns which might underlie spouse effects on Type A behavior and coronary risk.


A T cell activity that enhances polyclonal IgE production and its inhibition by interferon-gamma.
The addition of concanavalin A-stimulated supernatants of the helper T cell clone, D9.1, to cultures of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated T-depleted mouse spleen cells caused more than a 100-fold increase in immunoglobulin (Ig) E production. These supernatants cause a 10-fold to 15-fold increase in IgG1, a fivefold to 10-fold increase in IgA, and a fivefold to 10-fold decrease in IgG3. These effects are optimal when the supernatants are added 1 to 2 days after stimulation with LPS. Cells from mouse strains that normally give little or no IgE response in vivo give normal IgE levels in response to LPS plus the supernatant of Concanavalin A-stimulated D9.1 cells in vitro. The enhancement of both IgE and IgG1 can be completely inhibited by relatively low concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Both the IgE-enhancing activity and IFN-gamma act directly upon purified B cells.


Monday, May 29, 2006

Life Is Gray

Fortunately.

Too often people try to paint everything as black and white, when, in fact, nothing is. We are confined to a reality between theoretical extremes that only exist in our minds.

I got thinking about this topic when I saw someone correct someone else about the improper use of a phrase like "almost unique". It triggered memories of elementary school when I learned that the phrase "more perfect"--right from the US Constitution--is improper English. Rubbish.

Words like perfect and unique are extremes. Denying the use of adverbs with them in comparisons is basically saying that you are not allowed to compare anything to them.

Surely if there are only two of some object in the world, then it is almost unique. It is also not unique. But it is more unique than something of which there are a million copies.

What is a perfect sphere? It is a set of all points in three dimensions that are the same distance from a common point. Do any exist? No. But we use the definition to compare real objects to. The Earth is a more perfect sphere than a Rubik's Cube.

Language is complex, subtle, and vitally important. Let's not handcuff ourselves with it. Leave that to the lawyers.

Life and games are full of shades of gray between the two extremes of every measurable property. Embrace the gray.

2 Comments:

I'm with you in the whole 'shades of gray' concept. I'd not have discussed the concept using the two examples you did though: While 'Perfect' is used way too liverally for my liking, perfection does exist. There is such thing as perfect play on a simple game, for example. Calculations can be perfect is some situations.

In a similar manner, the word 'unique' is not all that easy to define. You could go for the 'in a class of its own' definition, that you see used all the time in advertising. If you use a different definition, 'the only one of its kind' It's all about defining the 'kind'. I might not care about baseballs, but I'm pretty sure there's someone out there that would claim that the ball that Mark McGwire hit to score his 62d home run in 98 is unique. It's all a matter of perspective.

Besides, I remember how my Spanish teacher, claimed that the Spanish equivalent for unique 'unico', was something that could be translated as 'an absolute term', meaning that nothing could be a little unico, or very unico. It either was or wasn't. I'd be suprised if someone could not claim the same thing about the same word in English.

"Near-perfect", "almost unique" yes; "more perfect", "less unique" no (although I may have been guilty of it myself, it's still wrong - I am only human and I don't remember using such terms in adulthood at least).

It's more about mathematics than semantics. This reminds me of an argument somebody put forward regarding multiplayer balance some time ago; along the lines of "In a totally balanced game each player should win (a four-player game) 25% of the time". I replied, "But if everything is balanced everybody should draw 100% of the time". Think about it...


The sign is located near "Gondolier Snacks" the gelato counter. An entrance of "Venetian Gondolas" the attraction is also near the shop. It's a gondolier area!

These sign from inside of the "Galleria Disney" the merchandise shop in Mediterranean Harbor. Recently, the merchandise are almost of the Duffy Bear things same as the other shops is not interesting for me at all, however the interior decorating is as beautiful as ever.

The sign from Mediterranean Harbor which themed a southern European port town. The sign written "private" in Italian.

The sign from "Cafe Portofino" the buffeteria restaurant. The one side of the dining area renovated as part of the restaurant from a fishing net repairer, so the rusty sign shows us the situation. Italian "Padrone" means "Master".

The sign near the "Fortress Explorations" the walk-through attraction. The "S" symbol on the sign abbreviated form of "Society of Explorers and Adventurers".

The sign from "Zambini Brother's Ristorante" the counter-service restaurant. They ran a family business, wine and olive oil. We can find the grape tannin which stained the sign. I love this sign.

The sign from the "Figaro's Clothiers". The naming of this shop from "The Barber of Seville" the opera buffa.

This pretty frosted window sign from “Cape Cod Cook-Off” the counter-service restaurant. This sign is located in an order counter area which themed on town hall of Cape Cod. It's very neat design, I like it.

The weathered plate from an outside queue line of “Tower of Terror”. The part of the outside queue designed the garden as an Indian theme. It's very beautiful sign but something creepy.
The elaborated decoration of the above the door is a cobra.

I wonder where the door admitting to.
There are so many mysterious in this attraction.

The clean pale green door from “Turtle Talk”. This attraction is located in S.S. Columbia. The stout iron door with a studs is very ship-like.

This wooden door with iron plate from inside of "Broadway Music Theatre". The excitement of a jazzy show, "Big Band Beat" has enjoyed a long run in the theater. So if you wait in front of this door, you may have the chance to meet the show performer. (But I have never seen them at the door.)

The sign from a queue line of the "DisneySea Electric Railway" the attraction that's why "conductors".

These sign are in the "Waterfront Park" in front of the "Tower of Terror". Each signs are nice choice of words to the park.

The sign from the smoking area in the American Waterfront, near the "Broadway Theatre". This place next to the under the elevated railway track, "DisneySea Electric Railway", therefore the sign says "Conductors Only".

The sign from "Tower of Terror" of TDS. Not only the rusty sign but also the door itself create the eerie atmosphere.

This sign from the "McDuck's Department Store" the merchandise shop in American Waterfront. The store run by Scrooge McDuck, however the store is so prosperous that he hired many human as a sales assistant, therefore not Duck going in and out of this entrance.

This sign from American Waterfront, the back door of the "Liberty Landing Dinner" serves sushi-roll, or other snacks.

This sign near the "Tower of Terror Memorabilia" the merchandise shop which is attached to the attraction. This area regarded as the NYC, therefore a sign on the wall stated "N.Y.C. Municipal Workers Only".

This sign from "New York Deli" the counter-service restaurant. This dining area themed prop shop.

This sign before the S.S. Columbia. It looks like it had been weathered away.

This sign from near the "Aunt Peg's Village Store" the merchandise shop. There are nice vegetable patch near the sign, it gives you the reality of villagers existence.

This sign from "Sailing Day Buffet" the restaurant. The restaurant's themed main cargo terminal for the S.S. Columbia, therefore the sign says "Dock Workers Only".

This sign from inside of the S.S. Columbia. The polished door and gold rim add a touch of class to the area.

This sign from the "Lost River Cookhouse" the smaked chichen counter. The sign's "COCINERO" Spanish means "cook" in English. I like this rustic plate.

This sign from around the exit area of the Indy's attraction include some merchandise shops. This attraction presented by Panasonic, there are the "Panasonic" logo in blue near the door. I think this door to the sponsor lounge or something.

These signs from "Miguel's El Dorado Cantina" the counter-service restaurant. The Spanish "Cocineros" means "cook". The official staff (not part-timer) didn't know what the sign written and even didn't care. What a pity!

These sign from "Raging Spirits" the roller coaster. The Spanish "iALTO" means "stop".

The sign from near the "Indiana Jones Adventure: Temple of the Crystal Skull". It is so mysterious.

The sign from "Yucatan Base Camp Grill" the counter-service restaurant. This restaurant next to the Indy's attraction which themed the archaeological site.

Please note that URANEZU.COM is in no way part of, endorsed or authorized by, or affiliated with the Walt Disney Company,
Tokyo Disney Resort or its Affiliates.
This is an independent, unofficial site.


The present invention relates to a system and method for generating a wide-area high-resolution image by capturing partial images (sub-images) of parts of a target object such as a document and thereafter connecting or synthesizing the sub-images.


China's military build-up in the South China Sea and its deployment of high-end weapons systems in the disputed waters is designed to intimidate and coerce neighbours, US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Saturday.

His broadside at a security summit in Singapore drew a sharp rebuke from a Chinese general, who lashed out at "irresponsible comments" on the contested sea and insisted Bejing was simply defending its territory.

Speaking just 10 days before President Donald Trump is due to meet North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Mattis also said the US military continues to support diplomats pushing for the "complete, verifiable and irreversible" denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula.

Beijing has deployed a range of military hardware including anti-ship missiles, surface-to-air missiles and electronic jammers across the South China Sea, where it has built islets and other maritime features into hardened military facilities, Mattis said.

China has also landed heavy bombers on Woody Island in the Paracel Islands.

"Despite China's claims to the contrary, the placement of these weapon systems is tied directly to military use for the purposes of intimidation and coercion," Mattis told the Shangri-La Dialogue.

He also blasted Chinese President Xi Jinping for reneging on a 2015 promise made at the White House that Beijing would not militarise the island features in the South China Sea.


Duality of a basis is not duality of individual vectors

Suppose we have a coordinate system . This defines a coordinate basis , where for each the basis vector has components

in these coordinates. We also have the coordinate dual basis where each dual vector or “1-form” has components

Now while these bases are dual in the sense of bases:

(by definition of dual basis), the individual vectors are not dual to the individual 1-forms in the sense of individual vectors. That is, for any given , we have and are not dual in general.

Instead, recall indices are raised and lowered using the metric components (in a coordinate basis, that is). Possibly the result could be seen by inspection, but for clarity let’s write for some chosen . This vector has components , hence the corresponding 1-form has components . By the meaning of components this says the 1-form is . This is not, in general! In “musical isomorphism” notation, the result is:

Similarly,

To show the result another way, recall the metric defines the dual to our vector to be . To examine this 1-form, feed it a vector (specifically, basis vectors ) and see how it acts on it:

which says , as before.

In closing, another reason we cannot have in general is that the coordinate basis vector is not defined in terms of alone, but also all the other coordinates chosen. More on that next.

(Schutz (2009, §3.3, §3.5) makes a superb background to this discussion, and while the cited sections are for special relativity, in this case you can simply replace the Minkowski metric with an arbitrary curved metric .)


“Obviously, for me, I want to make sure that the fans know how much we appreciate them,” Franklin said. “I know next week, there will be 112,000 in the stadium. I don’t know if that’s possible. But I also appreciate the fans that travel with us on the road because it helps.”

Appreciation for the coaches and players who battled through a challenging environment and circumstances to emerge with a win. Appreciation for the media members who traveled four states over to provide coverage of his football program. And maybe most of all, an appreciation for the fans that traveled to hostile territory, then received the reward of a win and postgame celebration in Iowa’s building.

The Nittany Lions’ head coach, contemplative following a 17-12 win against the Hawkeyes to mark a 6-0 start to the 2019 season, ran through the positives and negatives from the game.

The transition set up his next point, one accentuated by the reality of the No. 7 Nittany Lions’ White Out game against No. 16 Michigan set for national television Saturday night.

Whether it’s fully grasped or not, Penn State is having a moment and Franklin is determined to capitalize on it from beyond the immediacy of the opportunity to remain unbeaten for at least another week.

“To me, that’s probably the next step for us is when we can really, really travel and take over other people’s stadiums,” Franklin said, encouraging a buy-in beyond that of consistently selling out the nation’s second-largest stadium and third-largest in the world. “As you guys know, I study a lot of things that are going on all around the country in our profession, in our business, and our game, and I see that. I was on the other end of that in the past as well. So the fans that we get that travel with us are phenomenal, but we want that to grow.

“I want Penn State to have an unbelievable national reputation for how we travel, all over the country, wherever we play, and not just the bowl game; regular, in-season games.”

Certainly, Franklin and the Nittany Lions will work all week to improve on their bowl-guaranteed season with another favorable outcome against the Wolverines.

But that outcome is also, to a certain extent, beside the larger point to be made about the Penn State football program.

This weekend, ESPN’s College GameDay program will make its home in Happy Valley for the third consecutive year for a game with the most national significance on the Week Seven slate. This comes in the midst of a run for the Nittany Lions that has now reached a mark of 37-9 since the start of the 2016 season, with a win total that trails only Clemson (47-3), Alabama (47-3), Ohio State (42-5), Oklahoma (41-6), and Wisconsin (38-9) in the same span.

Last week, HBO broadcast an hour-long 24/7 documentary, acting as a gift-wrapped infomercial highlighting Franklin, his assistant coaches, and the players that make up the program. At the next level, the fruits of those successes are taking shape as former Nittany Lion Saquon Barkley is the reigning NFL Rookie of the Year, while Chris Godwin, Miles Sanders, Carl Nassib, Mike Gesicki, DaeSean Hamilton and a host of other recent Penn State products make their marks.

Meanwhile, in the immediacy of this moment, the Nittany Lions are bowl eligible yet again, off to an unbeaten start with a group that for all practical purposes is proving itself to be a year ahead of schedule. A team overwhelmingly composed of contributors still in the early stages of their Penn State careers, that the Nittany Lions have passed every test to this point on the schedule while maintaining a grounded mindset bodes well not only for the remainder of the 2019 season but also into the future as well.

“Although we’ve got a young team, one of the younger teams in college football, we have a very mature approach. They’ve been great,” Franklin said Saturday night. “How we practice, how we meet, how they interact with the coaches, our coaches interact with them. It’s really good. It really is. I’ve been doing this for 24 years; it’s pretty good.”

That hasn’t prevented Franklin from using the season’s early successes as a motivating tool to dream bigger, though.

Urging the team to search for ways to improve, even by finding minor tweaks that, when compounded, can lead to real, appreciable dividends, a greater purpose is at work.

It’s program-building, and Franklin envisions much more than what’s currently taking place with the program under his watch.

“We just got to keep refining this thing and we can't be satisfied, we can't become complacent, which I don't think we will,” Franklin said, launching into a plea for outside assistance to their goals. “Next week, we need that stadium and that town rocking like it's never rocked before. I'm talking about vibrating. I'm talking about it being a seismic event for the entire weekend. I'm talking about the restaurants, the bars, the hotels, everything. The place needs to be rocking like it's never rocked before. And we need to keep that going.”

Intensely focused on a developmental approach that includes all facets of Penn State football and the community that surrounds it, Franklin and the Nittany Lions put in the work to create the all-in moment that the upcoming weekend represents.

Already pleased by the progress of the pieces he can most directly control, it’s a trajectory Franklin hopes will soon enrapture the totality of the elements which he cannot.

“I’ve been around some good teams, I’ve been around some good programs, I’ve had some pretty good years,” Franklin said. “The locker room is good. They’re so supportive of one another. They care so much about each other. It’s good.

“We gotta keep it going. We gotta keep building.”

Saturday night, Penn State will get another opportunity to do so. Judging by the many indicators of the program’s overall health, it won’t be the last.


[Usefulness of counting leukocytes and round cells in determination of bacterial infection of semen in infertile men].
The authors measured efficiency of the determination of bacterial infection from the semen of infertile men. They compared the correlation of counts of bacteria with white blood cells (peroxidase method) and round cells in ejaculate. Seminal white blood cells counts (more than 1 x 10(5)/ml) correlated well with bacteriospermia (more than 1000 cells/ml), R = 0.4741, p = 0.0007. Determination of round cells in semen has no clinical value in prediction of seminal infection, R = 0.0153, p = 0.6022.


Monday, October 25, 2010

My friend couldn’t find the paper. He had the cardboard, the paper fasteners, the glue, and the decorative wrapping paper. Everything he needed for the journal we were making that day in 5th grade art class, except the paper for the pages. So he did what any 5th grader would do, inquire loudly to the room:

“Where the paypaaaaa?!?”

And with this outburst, it suddenly became clear to me what I would do with my own journal. I opened it to the first blank page, took out a pen, and began to write.

“Where the paypaaaaa?!?” - Dominic

And thus, I had begun the Sayings Book.

In 5th grade, my friends were the neurotypicals, sociable and highly quotable. And me, the undiagnosed Aspie, I recorded. Why were sayings of so much interest to me? To understand how they socialized? To compile a catalog? To add to the conversation in my own way? I’m not sure. It just came naturally.

The Sayings Book captured everyday life. The unexpected, the comical, the absurd, the random.

At lunch time.“A spaghetti sandwich is so good to eat!” – Molly

In the computer lab, confusing the Logo turtle. “I don’t know how to Molly.” – Computer

There was Mr. Young, the custodian, who opened the front doors of the school to a stampede every morning. “Stop pooshin’, stop pooshin’.”

There was the lunch lady who manned the checkout counter like an assembly line. “You gettin’ anythin’ else, honey?”

There was the bus driver who inexplicably forbid our band instruments from sitting in our seats with us. “Up! We can’t take that suitcase back there!”

There was Mr. Carpenter, the existential gym teacher, who supervised the cafeteria at lunch time. “You throw pretzels when you sit in high chairs.”

It captured ourselves. As friends, we shared a bond of creativity, awareness, and silliness. Our core group were the gifted and talented, the teachers’ darlings, well-liked by our peers, snarky and irreverent amongst ourselves. The world was our Chief Crunchie for the taking.

Once the others realized they were being recorded, the Sayings Book gained notoriety. “Did you write that one down?” “Let me see!” It went everywhere with me. Instant catch phrases like, “That’s dumb!”were born and repeated, like a secret code. I took the disposable and gave it permanence. And yes, I appeared in the book as well, although much less frequently.

Then, there were the songs. A song was no less wacky than a saying, just longer, and with a melody. My friend Tracy started a series of bird-themed songs.

The bird, the bird, the big fat Molly bird,

Singing in his perch till dayyy-break,

Until he lays an egg, crack!

Then somebody takes the egg, and turns it into scrambled eggs,

Then it turns to mush, and then the person that ate it died,

Then it turns to meat,

And then the cow barfed,

[something something I forget]

Then a little Q-Bert came along and ate the cow.

Then Q-Bert licked a lollipop, and the cow was on the lollipop.

[something more I forget]

And the little bird died, playing a guitar.

And we did a whole series of Christmas song parodies.

Deck the halls with little Beadies, fa la la la la, la la la la.

Go to the store and buy them Wheaties, fa la la la la, la la la la.

Beadies love to eat them Wheaties, fa la la la la, la la la la.

They will give none to the needies, fa la la la la, la la la la!

The Sayings Book captured moments. It seemed we would always be this way. Always cracking each other up, always riffing on the world around us, always inhabiting our own little corner of the universe where we made the rules. There were no thoughts of middle school, and going our separate ways. No thoughts, until the time came.

I kept the Sayings Book years after I wrote its last entry. Years after I had lost touch with the cast of characters. Until I finally concluded that getting back in touch was never happening, and it seemed overly sentimental to hold onto this childish nostalgia any longer.

Not long afterward, Facebook came along, which as we all know, renders “never” a very short time. Many of us have reconnected. And wouldn’t you know, over 20 years later, one of the first things they recall is the Sayings Book. In fact, in a knock-me-out-of-my-chair moment, it was through a comment about the Sayings Book that I found a long-lost friend under an assumed name. They all ask me, “Do you still have it?” and I have to say no. But much of it stayed in my head, so ingrained was its mythology, and that lessens my regrets somewhat.

We realize now what we didn’t then, the value of this primary source, this time capsule. Nowadays, it’s so easy to preserve the present moment, with our cell phone cameras, videos, status updates, and Twitter. But I don’t think any of those things captures kids being kids in quite the same way as I did with an art class journal and a pen.

If a picture is worth a thousand words, a Sayings Book is worth a thousand stories. In today’s often ridiculous times of career and bills and other burdens of adulthood, it’s worth remembering the way we were, when we were a different kind of ridiculous. When we could ponder the important things, like, what wasa strep with feet? And what is the proper response to “Let’s change brains?” And what compelled Juan to ask the science teacher, “What is breakfast?”

And I, for one, am wracking my brain trying to remember what came after “And then the cow barfed.” I know it was something important.

Thursday, October 21, 2010

Yesterday I had the privilege to attend a conference featuring Tony Attwood in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It turned out to be quite an amazing experience, in large part due to my chance to meet Dr. Attwood and to share my cartoons with him. But that came at the end of a long and informative day, so I’m jumping ahead of myself.

I have wanted to go to an autism conference for some time, and this was my first chance. It was a two-hour drive to Harrisburg, so I had to set out very early (in the dark and the fog) to make the 8:30 start. It’s a rather beautiful city, from what I saw of it, although there was horrendous traffic coming home as we crawled a half a mile in a half hour along Route 11. Hopefully, I just caught Harrisburg on a bad day.

It was a Very Important Conference!

The conference was mostly attended by professionals, teachers, and parents, as indicated by their asking for a show of hands at the introduction. There were a few people with Asperger's, but they didn't ask us to raise our hands (even though we were encouraged to attend with a special discounted rate).

Dr. Attwood’s topic was listed as “Making Friends and Managing Feelings,” but he covered much more than this. Here are just a few highlights:

In Australia, he said, the Aspies speak with an American accent because they learn language from TV. This was one of many comments that drew laughs throughout the day.

On the subject of AS being hereditary: "If someone didn't fall in love with an Aspie, it would have died out years ago!"

He described the feeling of being a ghost in a crowd of people when no one is noticing or responding to you.

He spent some time promoting some of his latest projects, including the CAT Kit for visualizing feelings, and the Exploring Feelings Program.

He spoke at length about Asperger's in girls and how they camouflage it.

He mentioned Gary McKinnon and suggested he should be hired by the CIA rather than prosecuted for cracking codes.

He talked about his remarkable Aspie sister-in-law who married a man 30 years older, and their happy marriage which lasted 27 years until his death.

To an audience question on the proposed changes in the DSM-V, he voiced his opposition to the removal of Asperger's. The term helps many, he said, and changing it will not help understanding. “Mild autism” is not mild for the person who’s got it, and is more likely to be met with skepticism upon disclosure. “What are they thinking? They don’t realize the consequences [of removing Asperger’s,]” he said.

To another question on whether AS should be disclosed in a job interview, he advised to be cautious, perhaps wait until you've got the job, or prepare a brochure listing your strengths and weaknesses.

Dr. Attwood was a very engaging speaker and easy to listen to for 6 hours. I highly recommend you go and see him if you get a chance.

Which brings me to the end of the day when he graciously stuck around for book signings and an informal meet and greet. I came prepared with my copy of “The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome,” just in case. I also brought a copy of “Dude, I’m An Aspie!” thinking I might show it to some fellow attendees. When the time came to meet the “Asperger’s guru,” as intimidating as it was, I picked up both books and took my place in line.

Much to my surprise and delight, Dr. Attwood not only wanted to look at my book, but he very much enjoyed it. He laughed out loud at the “freshly ground autism/just a dash” cartoon. "This should be published!" he said, leafing through the pages. The conference organizer, who is also a publisher of autism books, was standing next to us, and she took my information and asked me to send her a copy. I only had the one copy on me, and Dr. Attwood said, “I’m keeping this one, since I love it so much!” (Of course I said yes, even though it was my own copy!) Then he asked, “Would you sign it for me? We’ll trade!” So I did.

All in all, it was quite thrilling. No matter what comes of this, to get such a compliment from someone whose book I referenced in my own, means a great deal. You just never know. I guess that’s why I didn’t mind the traffic so much, inching along the congested Route 11, unable to wipe the ear-to-ear grin off my face.

Sunday, October 17, 2010

With apologies to Leonard Cohen, some new and timely verses to one of his well-known songs.

And who by words of fire,
who by ice cold shoulder,
who by recess ridicule,
who by playground put-down,
who with sneers and slurs,
who when the teacher’s back is turned,
who by lunch table lockout,
who by yo-yo friendship,
And who
shall I say
is calling?

And who in stairwell secrecy,
who by mimicry,
who by sing-song serenade,
who by twisted nickname,
who by scornful snickering,
who by tackling,
who by tolerated torment,
who by contemptuous comment,
And who
shall I say
is calling?

And who by exclusion,
who by omission,
who by insinuation,
who by nomination,
who by intimidation,
who by provocation,
who by mock molestation,
who for the lulz,
And who
shall I say
is calling?

And who by anonymous phone call,
who by text message torpedo,
who by human blockade,
who with a hostage house-key,
who by footprint faceplant
who by saliva salvos,
who in a toppled port-a-john,
who by webcam invasion,
And who
shall I say
is calling?

And who with shattered self-esteem,
who with self-directed blame,
who by building barriers,
who forever feeling flawed,
who shamed into silence,
who with exterminated trust,
who with the everlasting echo,
who with scars that never heal,
And who
shall I say
is calling?

Sunday, October 10, 2010

Imagine, if you will, a residential home for autistic adults, but instead of an institutional building, a 400 acre farm. And instead of a paid staff of aides on rotating shifts, care is provided by fellow residents who live full time on site. And instead of sitting in a room in front of a large TV, the residents spend their days at work in the gardens, or baking bread, or weaving rugs, producing retail goods they sell for profit.

An idealistic pipe dream? Something out of fiction? Nope, it’s the real thing. I had occasion recently to learn about the Camphill movement. I found it compelling, curious, and inspiring, and I wanted to share with you what I learned.

Camphill villages are farming and handcrafting communities that include adults with developmental disabilities, such as autism and Down syndrome. The model was developed in 1939 by Karl Koenig, and today there are more than 100 communities worldwide. Central to the concept is anthroposophy, the idea of respect for the spiritual wholeness of each person and the human possibilities to evolve toward freedom and love.

Non-disabled resident volunteers live and work side by side with those with special needs. Some stay a year as part of an AmeriCorps-type program; others stay for years or a lifetime. They share meals and household responsibilities. The village sells its organic produce, baked goods, and crafts at a café open to the public, and at Whole Foods. They host concerts and festivals. There’s also the Waldorf school branch of Camphill, serving children with special needs. And, if that all wasn’t enough, all Camphill technology is green, from the sustainable agriculture to the construction of the residences.

Are you a bit awe-struck? I must say I am. Here's a relatively little-known organization with progressive solutions to many of our most challenging societal problems, all in one place. Perhaps most impressive is that the abled and disabled are treated as equals. We often say that’s what we most wish for, for autistic persons, the disappearance of different-ness. Camphill is a community in the realest sense. “I stopped seeing people with disabilities, and now I just see people,” commented one service volunteer in the recent Camphill publication, Lilipoh.

Why isn’t Camphill better known? It seems positively utopian in its outlook, and at the same time, somewhat radical. The villages are not licensed treatment facilities. They are supported by donations, grants, sales, and family support. They don’t collect detailed data on outcomes for residents and whether their lives improve. Despite the 70-year history of the movement, there seems to be no scientific comparison with traditional group homes. Indeed, little evidence suggests Camphill does a better job at caring for the disabled.

“The Camphill communities… are widely known of, but little known about; often lauded, sometimes condemned but rarely understood,” according to a review by Baron and Haldane (1991). A study of the 600 Waldorf schools worldwide found “there appears to be no research based evidence to its effectiveness for those with autism or other developmental disability.” (Roberts 2004) Most recently, a study in Ireland compared 29 residents of a Camphill community with 125 residents of a traditional group home. Camphill was found to have higher staff:resident ratios, more homely living areas, and less of an institutional feel, but was not found to be better on a range of other objective measures (Fahey et al. 2010).

So without scientific proof of effectiveness (or ineffectiveness), it seems that further comparative studies should be done. If the Camphill model could gain evidence-based status, then it could expand beyond its seven sites in the U.S. If it has weaknesses, then researchers could work toward improving the model. At a time when residential homes are needed, expensive, and challenging to operate, we should fully investigate promising alternative models.

Whether or not that happens, the Camphill movement remains fascinating. I plan to keep attuned to the goings-on at my local Camphill branch in Kimberton, PA, perhaps check out a musical performance or pick up some freshly baked cookies at the café. It might be nice to volunteer for a day, get a window into a different rhythm of life, where the food is slow, the workers are like family, and the boundaries between us disappear. If you have the chance to visit a village, I hope you will, too.


[Immunopathologic studies in herpes gestationis].
In a 19-year-old Turkish primigravida with clinically and histologically confirmed herpes gestationis, immunohistological investigations revealed deposits of C3, C4, IgG, and IgM in the dermoepidermal junction. Furthermore, C3 and IgM were found in the upper dermal vessels, suggesting a concomitant vasculitis, which was also observed by capillary microscopy. ANA were present in the serum of the patient, a circulating factor capable of fixing complement to the basement-membrane (HG-factor) was demonstrable as well. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies, however, could not be detected. HLA-typing disclosed HLA-B8 haplotype.


Q:

Почему при миграции БД через flyway sequence не обновляется?

Приведу простой пример:
Используемая БД - PostgresSQL.
Используемый стек: Spring Boot + Hibernate + FlyWay
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "books")
public class Book {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long bookId;

    //....
}

Вот, генерируемая hibernate'ом таблица
create table if not exists books
(
  book_id bigserial not null
    constraint books_pkey
      primary key,
  language_id bigint
    constraint fksp7ty25kndaxyfrgkrloo1dd8
      references author
);

Пример sql запросов для импорта:
INSERT INTO "public"."books" ("book_id", "author_id") VALUES (1,  2);

После миграции данных через flyway sequence не обновился.
Т.е. у меня должно быть более 200 объектов, а sequence индекс показывает 1.
SELECT last_value FROM books_book_id_seq;
last_value 0

При этом например, для другой сущности, которая была инициализирована java скриптом индекс отображается корректно.
Проблема чем-то похожа на эту:
Ссылка
И зачем hibernate генерирует sequences, если GenerationType.IDENTITY ?
В чем заключается моя ошибка?
Обновлено
Попробовал другое - сменил GenerationType.SEQUENCE
hibernate создала hibernate_sequence Но также изменила DDL таблицы на (bigserial -> bigint):
create table if not exists books
(
  book_id bigint not null
    constraint books_pkey
      primary key,
  language_id bigint
    constraint fksp7ty25kndaxyfrgkrloo1dd8
      references author
);

В любом случае при миграции через flyway значение не инкрементируется. Максимум могу вручную подправить это значение.
Ну а так как значение в sequence некорректное, то вот Exception - DataIntegrityViolationException
Заранее благодарю за ответы!

A:

Почему при миграции БД через flyway sequence не обновляется?

Тут есть недопонимание, как работает serial/bigserial тип в postgres.
Это тип, который, в случае если вы не задали значение при создании записи, сгенерирует значение из sequence. Если же значение для поля было явно задано (как в случае миграции, которую вы создали), то оно вставляется, как есть, а sequence при этом не модифицируется.
Исправить это можно одним из трех способов. При создании записей в миграции можно:

не указывать book_id, чтобы сработал механизм автоматической генерации
либо вручную использовать sequence привязанный к полю book_id
либо вручную обновить sequence после вставки всех записей

Рассмотрим эти варианты
Не указывать book_id
INSERT INTO "public"."books" ("author_id") VALUES (2);

Если нужно сослаться, на только что сгенерированный идентификатор это можно сделать так (на примере с автором):
INSERT INTO "public"."author" ("name") VALUES ('somebody');

INSERT INTO "public"."books" ("author_id")
SELECT currval(pg_get_serial_sequence('books', 'author_id'));

вручную использовать sequence
Честно говоря, сильного смысла вариант не имеет, но для полноты картины включаю его тоже. Выглядеть запрос будет так:
INSERT INTO "public"."books" ("book_id", "author_id")
SELECT nextval(pg_get_serial_sequence('books', 'book_id')), 2;

вручную обновить sequence после вставки всех записей
SELECT pg_catalog.setval(
         pg_get_serial_sequence('books', 'book_id'),
         (SELECT MAX(book_id) FROM "public"."books") + 1);

зачем hibernate генерирует sequences, если GenerationType.IDENTITY

Тут все не совсем так. sequence создает не hibernate, а postgres.
IDENTITY означает, что поле автоматически сгенерируется БД, если оно не задано. Т.е. hibernate при создании новой сущности в БД просто не передает это поле.
И это ответственность БД сгенерировать значение автоматически.
В postgres типы с автогенерацией значения - serial/bigserial. То что внутри используется sequence - это деталь реализации автоматической генерации в postgres (ведь он создается автоматически и пользователю в большинстве случаев не нужно о нем заботится - поле автоматически генерируется и это то, что нужно). Именно поэтому, этот  sequence нигде не фигурирует в маппинге hibernate.
А для GenerationType.SEQUENCE нужно явно указать в маппинге, какой sequence используется. При создании новой записи hibernate выполнит запрос к БД, чтобы сгенерировать значение для поля, используя указаный в конфигурации поля sequence. И потом использует это значение непосредственно при выполнении INSERT.
Когда вы сменили тип генератора на GenerationType.SEQUENCE, то в этом случае hibernate создает другой тип поля в БД - bigint, т.е. тип без автогенерации, потому, что этим вы явно указали использовать sequence.


Q:

Order Wordpress posts by most recent comment

I tried many things but impossible to get it works.
I finally deleted my try
Is there a plugin instead ?
SOLUTION :
In your function.php :
/**
 * Comment_pre_save filter updates post_modified date
 * to coincide with new comments. Since posts are ordered by
 * post_modified, this will 'bubble' up more active posts to the top
 */
add_filter('preprocess_comment', 'update_post_modified');

function update_post_modified($comment_data){
    global $wpdb;
    $wpdb->update(
        $wpdb->posts,
        array(
            'post_modified' => current_time('mysql'),   // string
        ),
        array( 'ID' => $comment_data['comment_post_ID'] ),
        array(
            '%s'
        ),
        array( '%d' )
    );
    return $comment_data;
}

In your index.php:
<?php $posts=query_posts($query_string . '&orderby=modified'); ?>

A:

This is a bit a of a hack, but I had to do the same thing for one of my projects. I ended up updating a post's "post_modified" field every time a new comment was made on a post using the preprocess_comment filter:
/**
 * Comment_pre_save filter updates post_modified date
 * to coincide with new comments. Since posts are ordered by
 * post_modified, this will 'bubble' up more active posts to the top
 */
add_filter('preprocess_comment', 'update_post_modified');

function update_post_modified($comment_data){
    global $wpdb;
    $wpdb->update(
        $wpdb->posts,
        array(
            'post_modified' => current_time('mysql'),   // string
        ),
        array( 'ID' => $comment_data['comment_post_ID'] ),
        array(
            '%s'
        ),
        array( '%d' )
    );
    return $comment_data;
}

Edit:
Forgot to add one bit, wherever you have your post loop, make sure you order it by the modified date, otherwise this hack won't work. For example:
global $wp_query;
$args = array_merge( $wp_query->query, array( 'orderby' => 'modified' ) );
query_posts($args);


p16 and MIB1 improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: methodological issues in a report of 447 biopsies with consensus diagnosis and HPV HCII testing.
Many investigators are studying the additional value of biomarkers to improve histopathologic agreement, but few are using the same methodologies. Our objectives in this analysis to differentiate High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) from Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LGSIL), atypia, and normal were: (1) to examine the rate of Human Papilloma Virus High-Risk positivity (HPV HR+), (2) to compare and grade the basal, parabasal, intermediate, and superficial layer staining of each marker, (3) to determine the optimal qualitative threshold for markers, (4) to compare p16 and MIB1 agreement, and (5) to examine the sensitivities and specificities using each markers alone and together. A sample of biopsies from 208 patients were chosen from a total of 1850 patients and 3735 biopsies obtained during the course of ongoing optical trials. At least two independent blinded reviews were performed for each biopsy. A third review was performed if there was a disagreement between the two reviews. Both endocervical and ectocervical samples were stained for p16 and MIB1. A grading system that is delineated in the text ranged from 0 to 3 for both markers and each biopsy was scored by each cell layer. Frequencies, sensitivities, and specificities were calculated using Statistica. An ANOVA was used to compare p16 and MIB1 staining in the epithelial layers. Finally the sensitivity and specificity of each marker alone and together were examined. 453 specimens from 208 patients whose final diagnoses were normal (n=244), low-grade (LG) (n=59), and high-grade (HG) (n=144) were selected for analysis. 447 of 453 specimens were available for staining. Most LG and HG lesions were HPV HR positive. Endocervical samples stained positive less often than ectocervix and often results were discordant from ectocervical results. The analysis by layers showed pronounced increases in staining of both p16 and MIB1 as lesions progressed from normal to LG to HG. The cutoff or threshold for p16 was 0 versus 1-3 while for MIB1 it was 0-1 versus 2-3. Using the intermediate epithelial layer measurement of both p16 and MIB1 in HPV High-Risk Positive separated the normal tissue from LGSIL, normal from HGSIL, and LGSIL from HGSIL by a statistically significant margin (p<0.05). Each marker had sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of HGSIL versus LGSIL and normal of approximately 85-90% and this improved by 5% for both sensitivity and specificity when used together (p16 sensitivity 90%, specificity 85%; MIB1 sensitivity 89%, specificity 87%; together sensitivity 94%, specificity 90%). Several important methodological issues have been studied. Overall, p16 and MIB1 are promising markers to help pathologists differentiate HG lesions from all else. The staining of the endocervix and the ectocervix do not always agree, and the ectocervix more often stains positive with the presence of HGSIL. Each marker is helpful and both are helpful together. In conclusion, both markers are useful for the confirmation of HG lesions.


My first computer application

That was way back in 1996. I was in 9th standard and we (classmates) were preparing to throw a farewell party for our seniors. We have to invite the Principal and other staff members too to the celebration. We bought a few chart papers and prepared something that looked like an invitation. Though everyone was happy with what we have, I wanted to something more. And there it started…

I remembered a floppy disk (yes, the 5 ¼ one) my computer teacher showed us a few weeks ago. We were there in the lab on a Sunday to say ‘hi’ to sir and as well play some games if given a chance. The disk had horoscopes for different years. Though I myself don’t believe in them unless there’s something positive, lol, I wanted to print a copy and include with the invitations that we prepared for the teachers for the farewell party we organized for seniors.

Our computer knowledge was very limited then. Though we started ‘learning’ computers from 7th standard, we hardly knew startup and shutdown by the time we were in the 9th. Of course, we had ‘by heart’ a series of commands that helped us open a few games; that didn’t need any learning, just by heart. The entire 7th standard, we understood the basics – input, CPU and the output. In 8th standard, we were happy to skip computer class (once every week – 45 minutes) to play games. And 9th standard gave us some opportunity to understand and practice LOGO and BASIC languages.

Few days before the event, we talked to all the teachers to collect their Date of Birth details. We gave some excuses as explanation as we wanted the horoscope thing to be a surprise. Even the computer teacher didn’t have a clue as to what was in store. Two days before the event, we were in the lab to accomplish the task and get the invitations with horoscope ready. We started around 2 in the afternoon and worked till 12 midnight to complete about 25-30 printouts! Yes, we spent about 10 hours to print those 30 pages!!

I was the computer operator for the project. Because only I knew how to open ‘WordStar’ application, open the horoscope file and issue the print command. We didn’t know how to print multiple copies. So, if we need horoscope for two teachers that share the same sign, we had to restart the process and print again. And the printer was obviously a dot-matrix one. It screamed all day as we printed copies and we could hear the same sound in our sleep that night!

And here is the main reason I remember the incident so well. I didn’t remember the command/ steps to close the horoscope file once opened. Or, did I know how to quit ‘WordStar’ and re-enter the application. So, after every print, I used to unplug the power cord, start the computer again to open ‘WordStar’ and print another file/ copy!! We couldn’t ask our computer teacher for assistance as that could spoil the surprise!

In spite of all the trouble, we did print necessary copies and everyone was delighted to accept the invitations with horoscopes; not to mention the surprised and very happy look on our computer teacher’s face. Hence, I conclude that I applied computer technology on that day for the first time. Hehehe…


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	Copyright (c) 2004-2011, The Dojo Foundation All Rights Reserved.
	Available via Academic Free License >= 2.1 OR the modified BSD license.
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