Although John Bolton’s “Libya model” comments are likely to end up getting him sidelined in negotiations with North Korea the same way Peter Navarro has reportedly had his hand slapped in trade negotiations with China for insisting on pushing the most hawkish message possible, Bolton’s mere presence in the administration is enough to embed a significant geopolitical risk premium in crude.

Meanwhile, Goldman was out on Wednesday evening with a new note reinforcing the case for commodities, a case which the bank has been making very (very) hard of late.

First, Goldman suggests specs are getting cold feet at the wrong time and the bank is busting out the exclamation points in case you’re in anyway unclear what their thesis is. To wit, form the note mentioned above:

Best performing asset class now posts the best ytd returns in a decade (+10%) as oil nears our $82.50/bbl target, surpassing the returns of 2011 when the Arab Spring created a supply shock in Libya. Unlike then, however, this continues to be a demand led late-cycle rally as supply disruptions remain modest by comparison even in hot spots like Venezuela. And this current rally likely has room to run, particularly from a returns perspective, as the current fundamental backdrop for oil is now more bullish than we had expected as strong demand now faces supply disappointments (see Exhibit 1). As a result, we are raising our 12-month S&P GSCI returns forecast to 8% from 5%. Surprisingly, markets remain complacent. Oil speculative net long positions have been declining since $73/bbl with the common manta, ‘we will ride this one out’. These are dangerous words from a risk management perspective. Financial markets’ focus on slowing global growth rates and rising US rates matter far less for physical markets, which is why only gold has traded substantially lower with the risk-off driven dollar strength. Growth concerns will likely prove temporary, realized demand remains robust and OPEC has never been able to catch late-cycle demand growth to replenish inventories before a recession occurs. And even if growth were to decelerate sharply, it would take global GDP growth collapsing to 2.5% yoy to simply balance the oil market! As a result, we highly recommend not ‘riding this one out.’

This comes on the heels of BofAML raising the prospect of $100 oil, becoming the first Wall Street firm to do so last week. Here was their rationale, for anyone who missed it:

Looking into the next 18 months, we expect global oil supply and demand balances to tighten driven by the ongoing collapse in Venezuelan output. In addition, there are downside risks to Iranian crude oil exports. Plus we see a high likelihood of OPEC working with Russia in 2019 to set a floor on oil prices. As a result, we project an oil market deficit of 630k b/d in 2018 and 300k b/d in 2019. The deficits should push OECD oil stocks down closer to 2.6bn barrels by 4Q2019. With inventories set to drop below 5-year normals, we raise our average Brent forecast for this year and next to $70/bbl and $75/bbl respectively. We also introduce a 2Q $90/bbl Brent price target for 2019 and see a risk of $100/bbl oil next year, although we are concerned that these market dynamics could unfold over a shorter timeframe.

You might recall our assessment of the notion that Saudi Arabia is going to be willing to step in and replace lost Iranian barrels. Long story short, you can count us incredulous. To wit, from a post over at Dealbreaker:

While the Saudis support Trump’s decision on Iran, they’re also pretty keen on seeing higher prices in the interest of driving up the valuation on Aramco and also for other reasons tied to the Kingdom’s fiscal position and financing the ongoing (and seemingly intractable) conflict with the Houthis in Yemen (bombs ain’t cheap, yo!)

And because there’s only so much money you can extort from your relatives on the way to replenishing your reserves, oil prices need to rise even if that entails otherwise uneconomic U.S. production comes back online or is further emboldened.

Given that, the assumption that Riyadh is going to be willing to step in and replace any lost Iranian barrels in the interest of keeping prices anchored seems a bit tenuous – no matter what the official word from the Kingdom is.

For their part, Goldman (partially) agrees and they also note the obvious, which is that the market’s capacity (figuratively and literally) to absorb a supply shock is limited by Venezuela’s “progress” towards becoming a failed state. Here’s the bank again, from the same note cited above:

US shale cannot solve the current oil supply problems. With respect to Iran, we believe the withdrawal of the US from the JCPOA may put a few hundred thousand barrels of Iran exports at risk by year-end. While US allies such as Saudi Arabia will likely respond, they are unlikely to proactively replace these barrels, especially given their current narrative that the oil market is not fully rebalanced. Further, their response will reduce spare capacity in an increasingly tighter market. Beyond core-OPEC, the erosion in Venezuelan and Angolan oil output is accelerating at the same time the big engines of ex-US supply growth such as Brazil are also beginning to disappoint (see Exhibit 1). Only the US has seen significant upside surprises in production owing to the high prices, but shale is facing growing pains as faster growth has filled available pipeline capacity faster than expected.

So you know, make of all that what you will, but I guess what we would say for the umpteenth time is that you should consider it in the context of rising inflation expectations and the possibility that, if real rates in the U.S. have become at least partially a function of those inflation expectations by virtue of the market anticipating the Fed’s reaction function, well then you end right back in that self-feeding loop where breakevens follow crude higher and that stokes rate hike bets which in turn drive up real rates which in turn weigh on risk assets and around we go.

Writing about a subject is the best
way to educate yourself about it, and when I flick through past work I remember how much
they taught me, if no one else. Mainly they taught me that I didn’t know very much. But they
also taught me that most other people didn’t know much either. Thus, some key themes
which stand out include the illusory control of policy makers, the presumed knowledge of
those looking to them to actively do good, the ease with which we fool ourselves, and how
best to protect capital in the face of such unavoidable uncertainty. -- Dylan Grice


Q:

Magento Security Measures

I was looking for tips for making Magento as secure as possible. I found this http://magplazza.com/2010/06/top-4-security-tips-for-your-magento-store-that-can-be-done-easily/ but I wonder if anyone has any more tips or links like the one above ..... or maybe Magento is pretty secure out of the box. ( I have done a lot of work with WordPress and there are plenty of things to do to vanilla WordPress to secure it so I was assuming Magento would have some too )
EDIT:
NB: A commenter below has brought up a few issues with the quality of information contained in the above link.

A:

Wow, what a useless article you linked :-)
1) is obvious.
2) is more appropriately changed by overriding the frontName of the adminhtml module. This is done during Magento install or anytime by editing the admin/routers/adminhtml/args/frontName node in app/etc/local.xml. By the way, the admin frontName or the admin URL should always be something besides /admin - it's the cheapest impediment to bot attacks.
3) is TERRIBLE ADVICE. The secret key exposes nothing and should mitigate POST attacks.
4) is the only thing worthwhile item from the post.
Besides the above, everything else comes down to standard web server security. Patch your installs regularly, patch your software regularly, use sFTP if possible.
The only Magento-specific advice I can add is to ensure that you review any third-party modules before you install.

A:

One thing that is also good to do is to setup a web server based login / password in your admin location to add an extra layer of security to your admin OR Set up the admin to be only accessible to a particularly set of IPs.  Keep the OS, PHP, Apache, and MySQL up to date as possible to prevent any exploitation of these services outside the realm of Magento itself.
http://addoa.com/blog/ten-tips-keeping-your-magento-store-secure


I’m trying to find some specific sources for the claim that the Caliph Omar ordered the burning of the library at Alexandria. Yesterday we looked at Abd al-Latif. The source most commonly quoted is Gregory Bar Hebraeus, also known as Abu’l Faraj, writing in the 13th century. He was the last great writer of Syriac.

Bar Hebraeus wrote two histories in Syriac; the Chronicum Syriacum, and the Chronicum Ecclesiasticum. The former is more or less a world history, and was translated by E. Wallis Budge. The latter is a list of ecclesiastics, of both the west and east Syriac churches, and has only been translated into Latin.

Late in life, however, he produced a history in Arabic, which was extracted and translated from the Chronicum Syriacum, with additions specific to the Arabic version. Excerpts from this were printed in Latin translation by the 17th century orientalist, Edward Pococke, in 1650, (an 1806 reprint is here) [1] and then the Arabic text with a Latin translation of the whole by the same editor in 1663 under the title Historia Compendiosa Dynastiarum [2].

In the 1650 text, on p.170-171 he quotes Bar Hebraeus. But I find that I have a PDF of the 1663 edition, and so I have transcribed the Latin from it. The following text is on p.114 (p.66 of the PDF). I would guess that the PDF comes from the Early English Books Online (or EEBO) database, accessible only behind a paywall, but I don’t know. I would guess that the volume also included the Arabic, which explains a page number of 181; but I don’t seem to have this.

I do not guarantee the accuracy of the above, from the wretched PDF. But it more or less corresponds to the following translation I found online at an Islamic site here. I have resisted the urge to tidy it up, as this probably originates from the Arabic text rather than the Latin above.

In those days Yahya al-Nahwi, who was known as Grammaticus in our language, enjoyed fame among Arabs. He was a resident of Alexandria and a Jacobite Christian who ascribed to the Savari (?) creed. In his last days he renounced the Christian faith, and all Christian scholars of Egypt gathered around him and advised him to recant, but he did not. When the scholars were disappointed they stripped him of all the offices that he held. He lived in that condition until Amr ibn al As (the Muslim commander of the army conquering Egypt) entered Egypt.

One day Yahya went to see him. Amr came to know about his learning and scholarship and he paid him great respect. He began a discourse on philosophical issues which were unknown to Arabs: His speech made a deep impression on Amr and he became fond of him. As Amr was an intelligent, wise and thoughtful man, he made Yahyaa his companion, never parting his company.

One day Yahya said to Amr, “Whatever there is in Alexandria is in your control. As to things that are useful for you we have nothing to do with them, but as to those which you may not need, my request is that you favour us by putting them at our disposal, for we deserve them more than anyone else.” Amr asked him what they were. He said: “They are the books on wisdom and philosophy that are stored in the state library”

Amr replied that he could not decide the matter himself but had to seek the Caliph’s instructions in this regard. Accordingly, he informed the Caliph of the matter and asked for instructions. The Caliph wrote: “If those books are in agreement with the Quran, we have no need of them; and if these are opposed to the Quran, destroy them.”

After receiving the reply Amr began dismantling the library. At his orders, the books were distributed among the public baths of Alexandria. Thus in a period of complete six months all the books were burnt and destroyed. Believe it, and do not be amazed. [3]

“Savari” is of course the Severan form of monophysitism. The translation is rather free, tho, I can see, so let’s return to Pococke’s Latin and look at the key point:

Therefore having written a letter to Omar, he told him what John said, and a letter was brought to him from Omar, in which he (Omar) wrote, “About the books of which you have made mention: if there is contained in them what agrees (conveniat) with the book of God, in the book of God is what is sufficient, without them; but if (quodsi) in them there is what the book of God rejects, by no means is the material in them for us, order them to be taken away.” Therefore Amr ibn al-As ordered to disperse them among the baths of Alexandria, and to burn them for heating; so in the space of six months they were consumed. Listen to what was done, and marvel.

This does not seem to quite say what Omar is generally supposed to say, unless I have misunderstood the Latin. Unfortunately the words as quoted vary very considerably online: “they will either contradict the Koran, in which case they are heresy, or they will agree with it, so they are superfluous” is merely one of these.

I wonder just what the English language source is, never mind the ancient source. I tried to find something in Gibbon, but in vain.

But using these words, I find this page which makes the following claim, helpfully escaping from the morass of hearsay by giving a reference to a real journal article:

We think that Isya Joseph did a thorough investigation of Bar Hebraeus and his role in the narrations about the Alexandria Library destruction by Amr Ibn Al-As on the command of Omar. His research was published in 1911 in The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature (Volume 27). Here is a link to his research.

The reader is advised to read pages 335-8. According to Isya Joseph, Bar Hebraeus says that Yahya, a Coptic philosopher, petitioned Amr Ibn Al-As to restore the royal library (Alexandria Library). Amr referred the matter to Omar. Omar ordered him to destroy the library on grounds that if what is in the library agrees with the contents of the Qur’an, then it is redundant. And, if the contents of the library do not agree with the Qur’an, then such contents are heretic. …

The assumption here is that no Muslim mentioned this library incident before Hebraeus. This latter assumption is actually mistaken. There are at least two independent sources that validate Hebraeus’s story. First, Abd-Al-Latif of Baghdad visited Egypt in the latter part of the sixth century. He mentions that the library which was in Alexandria was burned by Umru bn al-As in compliance to Omar’s orders. Second, Jamal Ad-din Al-Kufti, who was born in Kuft in upper Egypt in 565 A. H., and died in 646 A. H. , declares that the library was burned by Umru Ibn Al-As (page 335 of the above linked article).

When I look at this article by Isya Joseph, it begins with the following words:

In his At-târih (ed. 1663, p. 180), Bar Hebraeus says that when Yahya, the Coptic philosopher, petitioned Umru bn-Al-`As, the Moslem conqueror of Egypt, to restore the Royal Library to the public, the latter referred the matter to Omar bn-Al Hattab, the second Halif. The Halif ordered him to destroy the Library on the ground that if the books were in accord with the Kuran, the Kuran alone was sufficient, and if at variance with it, there was no need of them; therefore they were to be done away with.

The page number agrees with the data above. This phrase “in accord with the Kuran”, modified to “in accordance with” appears in various places. Dr Joseph tells us more; that his source is George Zaidan, who he tells us published in 1904 in Cairo a History of Mohammedan Civilization. He refers to vol. III of this, and continues:

The other authority is Jamal ad-Din Al-Kufti, wazir of Aleppo, who was born in Kuft in upper Egypt (south of Asiut) in 565 A.H., and died in 646 A.H. (op.cit., p. 42). In his Dictionary of Learned Men, a manuscript in the Hidewi Library, dating from 1197 A.H., Ibn Al-Kufti declares that the Library was burned by Umru bn Al-`As.

I don’t know whether we can access the work of Jamal ad-Din al-Kufti, which was clearly unpublished at that time. My own knowledge of Islamic literature is too scanty to say, and a web search drew a blank. Does anyone know?

The remainder of Dr Joseph’s article merely summarises material from Zaidan. Doubtless the book was one difficult to access in America at that period. I wonder whether Zaidan’s book is online. I find his name given as Jirgi Zaydan, Zeidan, etc. A search under the former gives a list of Arab publications. It seems that Zaidan published in Arabic; volume IV was translated into English by David Margoliouth, and is online here, but of course that does not help us. So Zaidan is also a dead end.

Returning to the Islamic site al-Tawid, the page also gives a further interesting quote (which it then disagrees with):

4) Ibn Khaldun, in the chapter “On the Rational Sciences and their Kinds” (al-`ulum al-‘aqliyyah wa asnafuha) of his Muqaddimah, says: “At the time of the conquest of Iran many books of that country fell into the hands of the Arabs. Sa’d ibn Abi al-Waqqas wrote to `Umar ibn al-Khattab asking his permission to have them translated for Muslims. ‘Umar wrote to him in reply that he should cast them into water, “for if what is written in those books is guidance, God has given us a better guide; and if that which is in those books is misleading, God has saved us from their evil.” Accordingly those books were cast into water or fire, and the sciences of the Iranians that were contained in them were destroyed and did not reach us.

This he references as “Pur Dawud, Yashtha, vol. ii, p. 20″; but he then rebuts the statement by examining Ibn Khaldun directly who in fact introduces the quote as follows: “It is said that these sciences reached Greece from the Persians, when Alexander killed Darius and conquered Persia, getting access to innumerable books and sciences developed by them. And when Iran was conquered (by Muslims) and books were found there in abundance, Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas wrote to `Umar . . . .”

Is Ibn Khaldun accessible, I wonder?

Just to follow up on yesterday’s post, the Islamic web page also quotes Abd al-Latif, whom he describes as a Christian writer, in a somewhat curious form:

Abd al-Latif al- Baghdad, a Christian, refersto it in his book entitled al Ifadah wa al-Nibar fi al-umur al-mushahadah wa al-hawadih al-mu`ayanah fi `ard Misr (the subject of the book is the eventsand conditions observed personally by the author, and is in fact, a travelaccount). In it while describing a `tower’ ( `amud) known as `Amad al-Sawari, the previous site of the library of Alexandria, he writes: “It is saidthat this tower is one of the several on which was erected a theatre, whereAristotle used to lecture and which was an academy, and here stood thelibrary of Alexandria which was burnt by Amr ibn al-`As at the Caliph’sorder.”

Whether this version or de Sacy’s is right I cannot say unless we obtain the Arabic text. Isya Joseph also has a version of Abd al-Latif, referenced to vol. III, pp.41 ff of Zaidan. He does not quote him explicitly, but says:

In speaking of the past events and remains in Egypt, he says that the Library which was in Alexandria was burned by Umru bn Al-`As in compliance with the order of Omar.

As we saw yesterday, this is almost the words of Abd al-Latif, word for word.

There are several loose ends in all this. The lack of modern editions and modern translations is a clear barrier. I was able to find a short bibliography here.

[3] According to the website this is Wahid Akhtar (tr), Murtada Mutahhari-quddisa sirruh, Alleged Book Burnings in Iran and Egypt: A Study of Related Facts and Fiction, in al Tawhid vol 14, No. 1 Spring 1997, and an English translation from the Persian. The site refers to Bar Hebraeus as Abu Al-Faraj ibn al-`Ibri. He introduces the author, mentions the Chronicum Syriacum, and adds “He also prepared a condensed version of it in Arabic under the title Mukhtasar al-duwal. It is said that all its manuscripts are incomplete and defective.” It references the information as “35. These details are cited from Shibli Nu’mani’s Kitabkhaneh yi Iskandariyyah, Persian trans. by Fakhr-e Da`i, pp. 14-15, 38.” and “36. Ibid., pp. 16-18.”

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20 Responses to “Bar Hebraeus, Abd al-Latif, and the destruction of the library of Alexandria”

Andy Hilkens

Coincidently, we worked on this very subject (the library of Alexandria) two years ago in the context of a class. I remember one group in particular studied various (ancient) theories on the destruction of the library. I will see if I can find the particular sources on the involvement of the Arabs, but I seem to remember that the conclusion was that all the evidence was of extremely late date. In any event, our research left some interesting results, but unfortunately, no definitive conclusions were drawn…

Roger, very interesting topic.
The topic was discussed by Alfred Butler in his The Arab Conquest of Egypt – And the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, which was published in 1902, under the title: “The Library of Alexandria”, which can be accessed here:

… with his translation of the discourse between Amr ibn al Ass, the conquorer of Egypt in around 640 AD, and Omar ibn al Khatab (634-644 AD), the second Caliph during whose reign Egypt was occupied by those Asiatic Arabs.

Interestingly Butler did not think the Arabs burned the Library of Alexandria. His argument is not convincing. Admittedly, all the references to the conversation between Amr and Omar are from writers who wrote in the Middle Ages; however much of Muslim history and religion is written by late writers. What would make learned Muslim writers create lies about their idols?

“Whenever the Arabs overcome a country desolation and destruction are quick to set foot in it since they are a savage and uncivilised nation by reason of the savage conditions in which they live, which made savagery in them like a second nature.”

Dioscorus, thank you very much indeed for this information about Arabic writers, which is really interesting! These I must look into. I also appreciate the link to Butler, which I will look at in a day or so (slightly tied up this week).

I’m looking at Butler, and he tells us that in vol. IV of Bury’s edition of Gibbon, p.454, note, there is discussion of the Ibn Khaldun material. This volume can be found here but is not the right one. The passage on Bar Hebraeus and the library can be found on p.64 of this edition.

The writer you talked about is Ǧurğī Zaidān or Jurji Zaydan (d. 1914). He was a greek Lebanese but later moved to Egypt. He wrote a famous book in Arabic called “Tarikh al-Tamaddun al Islami” (History of Islamic Civilisation)” [Cairo, 1901 – 1906]. In this book he talked about the burning of the Library of Alexandria by Arabs.

I am not sure if his book is available in English translation, though I think it most probably is, since I know he is much hailed by the Orientalists. Anyway, it is available in its Arabic origin in the internet, such as at 4shared.com. Those who are interested in it can llok at that address for تاريخ التمدن الإسلامي.

Hi, I came across this conversation a bit late, but thought I’d add the following thought: Is the key question of interest (i) the time and nature of the destruction of the library, (ii) the veracity of the story concerning Omar’s order; or (iii) whether or not the islamic conquerers were responsible for the destruction, or someone else?

I do not think the veracity of the story can be determined. Like the story of Archimedes’ brief exchange with the soldier reputed to have slain him, it will remain entombed in amber, resistant to direct inquiry, but for various reasons held closer to the realm of myth than history, simply because there is no credible link between the original text of the purported conversation and any of the extant sources.

If the conversation is doubted but not dismissed entirely, (ii) cannot be resolved. We do not seem to have any independent direct witnesses allowing us to say anything further about (iii). However, I think we can say quite a bit more about (i).

In casual reading some time ago I came across a cited Vatican document of a most mundane variety, an order for resources to be provided for the upkeep of the collection in the Alexandria Library. I do not recall the source or the exact date but if memory serves it was within a century or so of the Islamic conquest, or so was my impression at the time. A search of Vatican archives might turn the reference up.

It occurred to me that this settles the question of whether the Catholics destroyed the library by order of Rome (first, such an order is not found — only an order to destroy a nearby derelict pagan shrine which had been used at some point to house some of the Alexandrian collection, and second, how is it that the Vatican would on one hand deploy resources to maintain the library and on the other order it destroyed?).

Further, it seems that it gives us pretty good control over a window of time in which the library was destroyed. Apparently it was maintained by the Catholics up to a time not long before the Islamic conquest, and not heard of directly thereafter except in the form of stories explaining the disappearance of the library, centuries later.

It would follow that the final destruction of the library must have taken place approximately at the time of the Islamic conquest or within a century or two afterwards.

This does not negate the other two classical explanations for the prior destruction of the library, it only shows that neither of them could have entailed the complete destruction of the library. Islamic sources refer to 700,000 volumes, which would indicate that at the conquest there was a significant facility in place.

I think the story of Omar and the Alexandrian Library too closely parallels that of the Persian book destruction — It is natural to infer that it was a fanciful adaptation of that story to explain the Alexandria event.

But the window of time is strongly suggestive that the event took place at approximately that time. It is unlikely that Coptic (or Jacobian, etc) resistance burned it in defiance of the Islamic conquerers — why destroy their own cultural artifacts? What kind of point does that make? It seems that the most reasonable assumption is that the library was destroyed by deliberate action of the ruling muslims or because of an accidental fire.

While the actual story of the conversation with Amr seems suspect, it remains credible, even likely, that the destruction of the library happened immediately after the conquest, under the caliphate of Omar, though perhaps without his knowledge or direct order. And I suspect that is all we’ll ever be able to say about the matter.

The issue on which I blogged is in fact none of these. Rather it arises from the approach which I have found it necessary to take to all controverted historical questions. That is, to assemble all the primary sources in one place, to verify them when I see them quoted, to see what story they tell, and then, and only then, to read modern authors. I don’t tend to try to resolve impossible questions — rather to do what can be done, which is to work with the sources.

If you read anything about the library and its destruction, you quickly come across references to Bar Hebraeus. Now I know something about Arabic Christian literature. For instance I know off-hand that the text in question — the Compendiosa Historia Dynastiarum — has only been printed once, by Pococke in the 17th century, with Latin translation, and that no modern language translation exists. I also know that almost no-one knows any Christian Arabic.

All this raised my suspicions right there and then. When people talk confidently about what Bar Hebraeus says, how do they know? They can’t consult the source. The most that anyone can do is translate the Latin translation. And Pococke is a very rare book. Until it came online, how could most people even see that? The conditions were right, therefore, for hearsay to circulate.

Sources are my thing. So I decided to address this. At least THAT would not be a problem, once I was done. I think I saw stuff in the Wikipedia article, which I therefore pointed here.

My first task was to locate the text, and get it translated from the Arabic directly into English. In the process, I learned of Abd el-Latif, that Bar Hebraeus was just pasting stuff from this earlier Arabic source. So I addressed this also.

This is what you get, once you start to look seriously at sources. All that reams and reams of stuff on whether we should take the account of Bar Hebraeus seriously — all based on ignorance of the actual text, and utter ignorance of the fact that he was repeating Abd el-Latif. What value, then, in reading any of it?

Of course there is probably more to be found in Moslem sources. Here my knowledge and ability to work runs out. I have no access to Brockelmann’s massive list of Moslem literature.

But I think I have taken the subject forward.

Whether or not the library was so destroyed I do not know. I feel no particular need to decide.

One point you make gave me deep pain: you wrote, “In casual reading some time ago I came across a cited Vatican document of a most mundane variety, an order for resources to be provided for the upkeep of the collection in the Alexandria Library. I do not recall the source or the exact date but if memory serves it was within a century or so of the Islamic conquest, or so was my impression at the time. A search of Vatican archives might turn the reference up.”

Ouch. You know, you do need to track this down? Give us something? As it stands, your comment is how hearsay gets started — an authoritative-sounding reference to an unspecified and untraceable source. I can just imagine reading stuff derived from it in the future! Now I mean no offence, and I’m sure you post in good faith — but as stated this idea does not sound at all likely. Please … get the specifics. If you can resolve this down to something solid, that would be better. But remember, in the 8th century Italy was a ruin. The Popes of that period did not spend their time worrying about pagan monuments a world away. They spent their time trying to stay alive.

Hi. Thanks for the quick comeback. I see your purpose a bit more clearly now. Sorry to “give you pain”, as you say, concerning this bit of hearsay (and I agree that it is only that, coming from me … I haven’t the best memory of things of which I read snippets and then recall years later). Although I am a scholar of sorts it is not in this field or anything related to it. I only read history casually; I do not footnote my memories of what I read in this field.

It struck me that if my claim was even close to being true it would be an extremely valuable document simply because it was not intended to be historical. Clerical records are intrinsically worthwhile sources of history simply because they have no axe to grind — they are generally clear of agendas that incline toward bias. All the sources that say something about the actual destruction of the library seem to have an agenda, and therefore must be read with caution; the unintended meaning in them must be gleaned. For instance, from the Abd el-Latif clipping one can infer that Abd understood a need to explain the disappearance of the temple within a certain window of time. There’s a lot about this that we can’t infer, but it does mean, for one, that the library would have been totally obliviated by his time, and that to him and his contemporaries, some aspect of of his story made the most credible explanation. To be more direct, we can infer that the library wasn’t destroyed in the 13th Century, for example, because they were busy explaining its disappearance in the twelfth. In the same way we can be pretty sure that Caesar’s fire didn’t destroy the thing because of later references to the library whose purpose wasn’t to discredit the Julian story, but as byproducts of something else they were saying.

As to the unlikeliness of the document, I see your point, but I must say that the Roman Catholics have always had a certain reverence toward literature, and the Church has never been known for conservatism in its use of funds when it came to artifacts and sites it considered to have value. Regardless of the origin of the Library — was it really pagan as you say, or largely secular in nature despite the nearby pagan shrines? — it does appear that the Vatican considered it a possession and was concerned over centuries with its upkeep, so can we really judge with confidence that they would trim it from their budget in a time of austerity? While this would make practical sense I’m not sure it is a foregone conclusion based on Vatican behavior.

But now I’m motivated to see whether I can track that document down again, or a reference to it. If I do you’ll be sure to hear from me. Thanks for the interesting discussion.

excellent, well informed discussion! You may have found your pdf online by now; the text is now open on Google Books, Historia Compendiosa Dynastiarum, Volume 1, 114
By Barhebraeus, Edward Pococke (1663)

In “Audi quid factum fuerit et mirare” Gibbon reads sit instead of fuerit; in a high rhetorical phrase he doesn’t even believe, , I don’t get the practical difference between the third-person singular present active subjunctive and the third-person singular perfect active subjunctive


Pope Francis decries migrant 'tragedy' at Mexico Mass Published duration 18 February 2016

media caption Pope Francis celebrated an open-air Mass in Mexico's Ciudad Juarez city

Pope Francis has decried the "tragedy" of people who are forced to migrate, as he celebrated Mass in Mexico's Ciudad Juarez city on the border with the US.

He climbed a ramp overlooking the Rio Grande that separates the city and El Paso, Texas, and laid flowers on a cross erected in memory of migrants who died trying to cross to the other side.

Earlier, he met inmates in the jail of Ciudad Juarez that was once one of the most violent cities in Mexico.

The events concluded his five-day trip.

"We cannot deny the humanitarian crisis which in recent years has meant the migration of thousands of people," the pontiff told some 300,000 people who attended the open-air Mass.

On the US side, tens of thousands watched the event on a giant screen.

"Each step, a journey laden with injustices; the enslaved, the imprisoned and extorted; so many of these brothers and sisters of ours are the consequence of trafficking in human beings," Pope Francis said.

image copyright AFP image caption The pontiff (right) waved to tens of thousands of faithful who had gathered on the US border

Earlier on Wednesday, the pontiff visited a jail in Ciudad Juarez which houses about 700 inmates, 250 of them women.

Analysis - Katy Watson, BBC News, Mexico City

This trip to Ciudad Juarez was the culmination of a trip focused on meeting people on the margins.

He criticised the prison system while praying with inmates, he told the church hierarchy to leave their churches and be with their people and he urged political leaders to make Mexico a better place.

But there's one issue that is especially close to the pontiff's heart - as a Latin American and the son of immigrants, migration is a theme the Pope is keen to address.

Celebrating mass on the border with the United States went beyond Catholicism and went beyond the personal - it was a bold political move at a time when immigration is such a hotly-debated topic north of the border.

His visit was seen as a chance to give hope to the city's residents, who lived through a spate of murders and rampant drug violence which meant few dared leave their homes at night.

"The problem of security is not resolved only by incarcerating; rather, it calls us to intervene by confronting the structural and cultural causes of insecurity that impact the entire social framework," Francis told the inmates.

image copyright AFP image caption Pope Francis received a cross made by an inmate during his visit to a penitentiary in Ciudad Juarez

image copyright AFP image caption Security forces were out in force at the prison in Ciudad Juarez ahead of Pope Francis's visit

The pontiff's visit came just days after 49 prisoners died in a fight between rival gang members at the Topo Chico jail in the north-eastern city of Monterrey.

Mexican prisons are notoriously overcrowded and corrupt and the meeting between inmates and the pontiff is expected to draw further attention to these problems.

Pope Francis has repeatedly called on the country's leaders to make it a better place for people to live.

On Tuesday, he told young Mexicans in the violence-hit state of Michoacan "to dare to dream".


Last week, during one 24-hour period, Donald Trump first said he would “absolutely” consider a third-party run and then reversed course, saying that his “total focus is to run as a Republican and to win.” This question of whether to run as an Independent has also been brought up in relation to Bernie Sanders, who happens to be the only Independent member of the U.S. Senate.

In a Q&A session with the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, Sanders delivered a definitive “no” when asked if he would run as an Independent were he to lose the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton.

Sanders explained that when he was making his decision to run for president in 2016, he considered doing it as an Independent because he feels the Democratic Party is “too conservative, too cozied up with big money and corporate America.” But ultimately he decided that the “only way” to run for president “at this unique moment in history” would be to do it as part of the two-party system.

“If it happens that I do not win that process, would I run outside of the system? No, I made the promise that I would not and I will keep that promise,” Sanders said. “And the reason for that is I do not want to be responsible for electing some right-wing Republican to be president of the United States.”

In other words, Sanders does not want to be the Ralph Nader of 2016. Trump, on the other hand, has only said that he “wants” to run as Republican, leaving the door far more open to a potential third-party run that would all but deliver the election to the Democratic candidate.

Watch video below, via C-SPAN:

[Photo via screengrab]

— —

>> Follow Matt Wilstein (@TheMattWilstein) on Twitter

Have a tip we should know? [email protected]


Eye damage control by reduced blue illumination.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a blue light and ultraviolet cut-off filter (blue filter) could reduce short-wavelength retina/RPE damage threshold by a continuous spectrum source. Sixteen normal eyes of two rhesus monkeys and six cynomolgus monkeys were subjected to macular irradiation of 20, 24, 27.4, 30, 35, 45, 50 and 60 J/cm(2) energy densities. The values of energy density were measured before the blue filter. Lesions were measured before and at 2 and 30 days after irradiation of a 2.8 mm diameter region within the macular arcade. Measures were fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography and long wavelength scanning by the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) unit. The lesions, which were produced, were scored and compared to irradiant energy density of the blue LED (NSPB500S, Nichia, Tokushima, Japan). The exposure at the 20 J/cm(2) produced no detectable result at 2 or 30 days. Exposure at 35 J/cm(2) showed definite lesion production without blue filter. With the filter added there was one indication of minor change. At 60 J/cm(2) there was extensive heavy, enduring damage without the filter and with the filter damage was present but was significantly attenuated. These results strongly support the conclusion that the blue filter attenuation reduces the frequency of damage by exposure. This experimental system is a useful model for normal human eye aging and continuous spectrum environment irradiance.


Restaurants and other vendors who provide various types of services acknowledge the value of accurately identifying their customers, nurturing their relationships with their customers to retain their business, and communicating effectively with their customer base. To meet this need, vendors routinely provide various types of incentives to reach new customers, to rekindle interest among existing customers, and to reward loyalty from long-term customers. Promotional incentives, coupons, membership programs, and other tools have been widely used for this purpose in the restaurant business and in other service businesses.
Customers of restaurants and other services often schedule their business with the service vendor beforehand, making some type of reservation; alternately, upon arrival at the restaurant or other vendor site, customers may expect to wait for service for some period of time. This wait time is often detrimental for the vendor and can even have negative impact on customer-vendor interaction and the overall customer experience. Other than adding the customers' names to a wait-list or queue, there is little the vendor can do to take advantage of this wait period and to make it a more positive experience for the customer. Instead, waiting time can be detrimental for business as customers can easily become bored, anxious, or even upset at what they may perceive as a lack of vendor interest in their needs.
With the advent of wireless phones and other personal communication devices, the management of a restaurant or other service can more easily communicate with its customers, such as to indicate that seating is now available or that they are next in line for service. Restaurants, for example, now routinely utilize the customer's cell phone as a type of “pager” for informing the customer that a table is ready. Other aspects and capabilities of the cell phone, smartphone, or other customer device are not used, however; only its paging capability is employed. While it makes it easier to reach the customer and can be less expensive than using proprietary “beeper” systems, this practice does not help to resolve the inherent problems of wait-time or offer any opportunity for building a longer term relationship with the customer.
The value of effective customer relationship management is understood not only where a waiting list is provided, but for any online or electronic interaction with the customer. Thus, it can be appreciated that tools that help to communicate more efficiently with customers, based on any type of transaction, would be beneficial.


A retrospective audit of 200 cases of CNS tumours and their surgical management in a tertiary care centre.
To study the nature of the tumours managed in the Irish population. This audit research was completed via a retrospective medical review on 200 patients with CNS tumours managed in a tertiary care centre between 2008 and 2009. The mean age was 53 years. The male:female ratio was 2:1. The majority were glioblastomas and astrocytomas. Grade IV tumours were predominant (65.5 %). Headaches (37 %), motor weakness (32 %) and seizures (25.5 %) were the highest presentations. The commonest sites affected were the left parietal and left temporal lobes. There were 17.5 % operative morbidities with motor weakness (22.9 %), seizure (14.3 %) and thrombo-embolism (14.3 %) dominating and significant association to surgical radicality (p = 0.041). 3.5 % operative mortalities were reported. 52.5 and 62.5 % of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. Patients with CNS tumours typically had multiple presentations. More extensive surgical resection was associated with higher postoperative morbidities (p = 0.041). The 30-day postoperative morbidity (17.5 %) and mortality (3.5 %) were concordant with the currently available literature.


Del Rio faces Jaguars for 1st time since firing - NBC Sports

ENGLEWOOD, Colo. (AP) If Sunday's game against Jacksonville means more than most to Jack Del Rio, he's not showing it.

It is the first coaching opportunity for Denver's defensive coordinator against the team that fired him in 2011 after 8 1/2 seasons as its head coach.

The Jaguars have gone 4-22 since his departure.

Asked Thursday what facing Jacksonville meant to him, Del Rio said, "It's an opportunity to get our sixth win. That's really what we're after. Sunday can't get here quick enough. I feel like defensively we've got a lot of work to do."

Because of a porous pass defense, the Broncos (5-0) rank 29th overall in the NFL after Del Rio guided Denver to a No. 2 defensive ranking last season.

Del Rio was fired by the Jaguars in 2011 after going 69-73 in Jacksonville, including 1-2 in the playoffs.

"It was an honor to be the head coach there. It was a terrific place to raise my family, to live and to be the head coach. A lot of great memories," Del Rio said.

"I'm very grateful for (former owner Wayne) Weaver for giving me that opportunity. ... Now I've moved on. I'm here in Denver. I enjoy doing what I do, and that is helping this defense be as good as it can be and helping this football team win games."

Del Rio's name has surfaced at USC, which fired Lane Kiffin earlier this month, but Del Rio has declined to discuss any interest he may or may not have in returning to his alma mater and coaching in the college ranks after his contract with the Broncos expires in February.

Del Rio spoke glowingly of running back Maurice Jones-Drew, one of the few bright spots for the winless Jaguars (0-5), who are a record four-TD underdog Sunday at Sports Authority Field.

"He's pretty special. I remember in evaluating him, were in the dome in Indianapolis for the combine and I just saw him explode on the field in a drill. It was like, `Wow. If we could end up with a guy like that, it would really help us and this guy could be special," Del Rio said.

He turned out even better than Del Rio anticipated.

"The thing that nobody really knew about MDJ is Maurice is a terrific blocker. Nobody really understood that," Del Rio said. "You thought when you got him he was a scat back. He's so much more than that. He's a fine football player and a good man. He's had a tremendous career, so I'm proud of him."

The admiration is mutual.

"The one thing we always respected about coach Del Rio is that he's always going to put you in a situation to be successful," Jones-Drew said.


Acupuncture

Acupuncture Clinic in the Cincinnati Area

Acupuncture is one of the most ancient healing techniques in the world, dating back to 4000 years ago. At Physicians Healthsource, Dr. Jeffrey Elwert, DC, has been performing acupuncture since 2008.

What can acupuncture do for you?

Acupuncture is most effective at treating acute/chronic pain, such as headaches, low back, neck, or muscle pain.

It can also be used to treat arthritis, facial pain, sciatica, pain from shingles, and spastic colon and colitis conditions. Acupuncture has also been successful in treating obesity and addictions such as nicotine addictions.

Acupuncture is safe.

The doctor will use tiny needles that are sterile and only one-time use. The needles will be inserted into the affected area for 30-45 minutes. The needles are so tiny, about the width of a human hair, most patients can’t even feel them being inserted. Many patients that use acupuncture treatment for acute/chronic pain will feel extremely relaxed, tranquil and revitalized.


Novel nonsense CDC73 mutations in Chinese patients with parathyroid tumors.
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the occurrences of parathyroid tumors and ossifying fibroma of maxilla/mandible. It is caused by mutations in CDC73 gene and mutation carriers are at increased risk of parathyroid carcinoma. Hyperparathyroidism could be the sole manifestation. We reported two Chinese patients having parathyroid neoplasm with equivocal malignant potential and parathyroid carcinoma respectively with both germline and somatic CDC73 mutations detected. Both of them presented with severe hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism with no other HPT-JT associated tumors and negative family history. We identified one novel germline mutation CDC73 NM_024529.4: c.1475G > A; NP_078805.3: p.Trp492X and one novel somatic mutation CDC73 NM_024529.4: c.142G > T; NP_078805.3: p.Glu48X. The other germline mutation CDC73 NM_024529.4: c.226C > T; NP_078805.3: p.Arg76X and somatic mutation CDC73 NM_024529.4: c.85delG; NP_078805.3: p.Glu29SerfsX8 were previously reported. This is the first report of CDC73 mutations in the Chinese population. Genetic analysis is reliable to confirm the underlying hereditary basis of hyperparathyroidism. By identification of mutations, the patient and the family members could benefit from regular surveillance for early detection of tumors.


[Case of neuro-Behçet disease with HLA-B54, Cw1, which is difficult in clinical diagnosis from neuro-Sweet disease].
The patient was a 53-year-old woman with an 18-year history of recurrent oral aphtae, genital ulcers and folliculitis-like erupsions without mucocutaneus symptoms. She was admitted to our hospital for headache, and presented with meningeal irritation, dysarthria and right pyramidal signs. Brain MRI showed abnormal intensities extending from the right midbrain to the bilateral corona radiata, accompanied by contrast enhancement. She was diagnosed as having an incomplete form of neuro-Behçet disease (NBD) based on the diagnostic criteria for NBD. However, the HLA-type was defined as B54 and Cw1, which is common and specific in neuro-Sweet disease (NSD). Oral administration of prednisolone was markedly effective for the neurological symptoms and improved radiological findings, suggesting NSD rather than NBD as the clinical diagnosis for this patient Since she presented with clinical features that appeared in both diseases, the definitive diagnosis was clinically difficult. While tapering the dosage of prednisolone, we carefully observed the appearance of skin lesions and erythema nodosum appearing on her right lower leg. Skin biopsy demonstrated the features of erythema nodosum: lobular panniculitis with the accumulation of neutrophils and lymphocytes with necrotic fatty cells in the subcutaneous area, which was compatible with skin lesions in NBD. In our case, pathological findings of the skin lesion were required to differentiate between NBD and NSD, indicating the need for careful follow-up of dermatologic signs appearing in such a case.


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the protection of computer systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method of detecting and preventing buffer overflows and Return-to-LIBC attacks.
2. Description of Related Art
Buffer overflow techniques have often been used by malicious hackers and virus writers to attack computer systems. Buffers are data storage areas that typically hold a predefined finite amount of data. A buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to store more data into a buffer than the buffer can accommodate, i.e., the program attempts to store more than the predefined finite amount of data.
One category of buffer overflow, sometimes called stack-based buffer overflow, involves overwriting stack memory, sometimes called the stack. Stack-based buffer overflow is typically caused by programs that do not verify the length of the data being copied into a buffer.
When the data exceeds the size of the buffer, the extra data can overflow into the adjacent memory locations. In this manner, it is possible to corrupt valid data and possibly change the execution flow and instructions.
In the particular case of a Return-to-LIBC attack, hereinafter also referred to as a RLIBC attack, the attacker overflows the stack in such a way that a return address will be replaced to point to a library function in a loaded library inside the process address space. Thus, when the return address is used by the overflowed process, a library function will be executed. This way the attacker runs at least one call function, such as an Application Programming Interface (API), to make operating system function calls and run a command shell on the compromised system remotely.


Q:

XSLT flat to hierarchical

I have a flat file with xml data that contains parent and child information i need a xslt to transform
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<NewDataSet>
  <CRStructure>
    <objid>CA0D2594-183B-4E80-B2CA-4F915A1E2D32</objid>
    <cr_id>87</cr_id>
    <cr_parent>14</cr_parent>
  </CRStructure>
  <CRStructure>
    <objid>23BD80FA-7ACE-4111-9607-8AC0857868AF</objid>
    <cr_id>172</cr_id>
    <cr_parent>128</cr_parent>
  </CRStructure>
  <CRStructure>
    <objid>E381DE99-AD82-428E-A82B-63EB965BA2F4</objid>
    <cr_id>247</cr_id>
    <cr_parent>138</cr_parent>
      </CRStructure>
  <CRStructure> ............

To
<CR  xmlns="http://ait.com/cr/">

  <CRItems>

    <CRItem ObjectId="69230491-BCB8-4CD5-9FC3-2113FFE832EC">
     <CrId>1</CrId>

        <CRItems>

        <CRItem ObjectId="2D425940-B3B1-432E-BDA4-6778C9AE8391">
            <CrId>2</CrId>
             <CRItems>

            <CRItem ObjectId="3F2DF482-0485-42C9-A1D2-FCFE0EF6B4E3">
                <CrId>22</CrId>
              </CRItem> .........

The hierarchical structure is always three levels , anyone that can point me in the right direction.
EDIT
Tried this and it seems to work ,
  <xsl:template match="//NewDataSet">
     <CR>
       <CRItems>
     <xsl:for-each select="CRStructure[cr_parent='0']">
       <CRItem>
         <xsl:attribute name="ObjectId">
           <xsl:value-of select="objid" />
         </xsl:attribute>
         <CRItems>
         <xsl:variable name="cridequ" select="cr_id" />
         <xsl:for-each select="//NewDataSet/CRStructure[cr_parent=$cridequ]">
           <CRItem>
             <xsl:attribute name="ObjectId">
               <xsl:value-of select="objid" />
             </xsl:attribute>
             <CRItems>
               <xsl:variable name="cridsub" select="cr_id" />
               <xsl:for-each select="//NewDataSet/CRStructure[cr_parent=$cridsub]">
                 <CRItem>
                   <xsl:attribute name="ObjectId">
                     <xsl:value-of select="objid" />
                   </xsl:attribute>
                 </CRItem>
               </xsl:for-each>
             </CRItems>
           </CRItem>
         </xsl:for-each>
         </CRItems>
       </CRItem>
    </xsl:for-each>
         </CRItems>
     </CR>
  </xsl:template>

Not sure if this is the correct way of solving it , seems like most suggestions i find is to use some combinations of  <xsl:template match.... but not sure how to do this

A:

What you are proposing is correct but could be generalized and simplified as:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://ait.com/cr/" version="1.0">

    <xsl:output indent="yes"/>

    <xsl:key name="sons" match="CRStructure" use="cr_parent"/>
    <xsl:param name="maxLevels">3</xsl:param>

    <xsl:template match="NewDataSet">
        <CR>
            <CRItems>
                <xsl:apply-templates select="key('sons', 0)"/>
            </CRItems>
        </CR>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="CRStructure">
        <xsl:param name="level">1</xsl:param>
        <xsl:if test="$level <= $maxLevels">
            <CRItem ObjectId="{objid}">
                <CrId>
                    <xsl:value-of select="cr_id"/>
                </CrId>
                <CRItems>
                    <xsl:apply-templates select="key('sons', cr_id)">
                        <xsl:with-param name="level" select="$level  + 1"/>
                    </xsl:apply-templates>
                </CRItems>
            </CRItem>
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

The variable $index has been introduced to avoid to loop forever if there is an error in your input document ;) ...


OP-COM 1.99 Firmware Opel diagnostic tool

It covers almost all Opel cars, even new cars with CAN-BUS based diagnostic, such as Vectra-C, Astra-H, Zafira-B.
The program lets you to read out and clear fault codes, shows you live data, lets you to perform output test, and supports remote, and key programming.
The program supports many control units, like Engine, Automatic Transmission, ABS, Airbag, Engine Cooling module, Instrument Cluster, Electronic Climate Control, Body Control Unit, just to name a few examples.
Since Opel uses many pin in the OBD connector, the diagnostic interface works as a multiplexer, and selects the appropriate pin for communication.
PIN3, PIN7, PIN8, PIN12 = Serial Link (ISO9141, KW81, KW82, KWP2000)

Fault codes will be shown with all available information:
Full fault code text description
Full status information (Present, Not present, Intermittent)
You can print out, save, or copy the fault codes to any other application.
From the fault codes window, you can go directly to the measuring blocks window.
The program shows you measuring block information on many control module, you can choose anything from the list on your own. The program is capable of showing 8 measuring block parameter simultaneously. The sample rate is depends mostly on the communication protocol. For example, older system, like Omega-B X 25 DT Engine (ISO-9141-2) can be very slow, during communication, while newer Multec, or Bosch units are faster (using KWP-2000), and the newest CAN based control units are very fast!
You can also run output tests on many controllers.
PIN6-PIN14
PIN3-PIN11
PIN1
HSCAN - Dual-wire, High Speed CAN-BUS, 500 kbps
MSCAN - Dual-wire, Medium Speed CAN-BUS, 95 kbps
SWCAN - Single-wire, Low Speed CAN-BUS, 33.3 kbps
You will get a feedback on the state of the activated output. This will helps you to find the failed components more easily.
With OP-COM, you can learn keys to immobiliser, and remote keys to the central door locking, or alarm.
You can also reset, and program the following immobiliser related items: ECM, BCM, IPC.
You will need the vehicle security code, which can be found on the CAR-PASS.
You can also reset, and program the Service interval reminder on Astra-G, Zafira, Corsa-C, Meriva, Tigra-B You can code SAB6, and SAB8 airbags with the software.
The diagnostic inteface is USB port based, so there will be NO COMPATIBILITY ISSUES, with serial to USB converters.
The speed of the communication over the USB-BUS is enough to handle the awesome speed of the High-Speed CAN-BUS systems, which is currently 500kbps. This is the main reason, why only the USB port based interface is available for CAN-BUS.


The present invention relates to electrical grounding and bonding, and more particularly to a ground fitting for easily grounding or bonding a ground wire carried in spiral metal sheathing (e.g., an armored cable) at a midpoint along the length of the sheathed cable.
Ground wires frequently require protection from damage. The ground wire is generally a heavy gauge wire, for example eight gauge, six gauge, or four gauge, and may be stranded or solid, and is generally uninsulated. A common method for protecting a ground wire is to carry the ground wire in a spiral metal sheathing (e.g., armored cable), thereby creating an armored ground wire. Such spiral metal sheathing provides the desired protection to the ground wire.
It is often necessary to connect the ground wire to a ground member (or ground point) such as a water pipe or ground rod, positioned at a point along the length of the armored cable (i.e., not at an end). Unfortunately, the spiral metal sheathing may frustrate or complicate attempts to electrically connect to the ground wire. To accomplish this connection, the protective metal sheathing must be cut to expose the ground wire. The sheathing on one side of the cut must be removed and the ground wire threaded through a ground fitting attached to the ground member. Then, the sheathing must be replaced over the ground wire. This can be a difficult task, especially if a long length of sheathing has been removed.
Further, known fittings for grounding and bonding armored ground wires do not sufficiently grasp ends of the metal sheathing to meet code requirements.
Therefore, a need remains for a ground fitting (or clamp) and method of use which simplifies connecting a ground wire carried in a metal sheathing, to a ground point along a length of sheathed ground wire. The ground fitting must further secure the ends of the metal sheathing sufficiently to meet code requirements.


Doppler ultrasonography in early pregnancy does not predict adverse pregnancy outcome.
A transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler study was performed on 330 pregnancies at 7-16 weeks of gestation. Blood flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the main uterine arteries and their branches (arcuate and trophoblastic vessels) and from the umbilical arteries. The systolic/diastolic velocity ratio and the pulsatility index were calculated as indices of vascular resistance, respectively, at uterine and umbilical levels. A total of 282 patients had an uneventful pregnancy outcome, 19 developed an early pregnancy failure (missed abortion, n = 8; anembryonic pregnancy, n = 11) and 29 developed later complications such us hypertension (n = 10), fetal growth retardation (n = 13) or both n = 6). In normal pregnancies, Doppler-measured vascular resistances significantly decreased with advancing gestation at the level of both uterine and umbilical circulations. When the Doppler indices of the patients with early pregnancy failure or with later complications were compared to those of normal pregnancies, no evident differences were found in either of the vascular districts considered. However, in the patients who developed hypertension and/or fetal growth retardation, abnormal velocity waveforms were frequently present in uterine and umbilical arteries during second- or third-trimester examinations. Our results suggest a limited clinical value of Doppler velocimetry in early pregnancy.


Saturday, February 14, 2009

a little romance

It's Valentine's Day: for some a day of high hopes, of flowers and chocolates and dinner out.

All that is fine, but after many years of marriage and living, I've come to appreciate the day-to-day expressions of love and affection that have come my way. I don't think I'm the easiest person to live with. Sometimes I'm moody, cranky and just want to be left alone. But my husband looks past all that and loves me. Let me count the ways:

- loading - and emptying - the dishwasher.
- he doesn't hog the remote.
- makes grocery store runs.
- waits until I'm up to make the coffee. He knows I hate stale coffee.
- suggests we go out to eat just because, not because it's Valentine's Day.
- remembers that Tuesday is trash day and takes care of it.
- squeegies the shower.
- vacuums dog hair off the stairs.
- lets the dog out and in, over and over again. Wipes her feet, too.
- makes a fire in the fireplace even though it's a pain.
- lets me be me.

No, he isn't much into flowers and jewelry, but that's ok. It means more to me that he looks for little ways to show love throughout the year. A lot of women should be so fortunate.

Of course, Paul probably said it best to the Corinthians, the poor souls who needed to get it right. He said of love:

Love never gives up. Love cares more for others than for self. Love doesn't want what it doesn't have. Love doesn't strut, Doesn't have a swelled head, Doesn't force itself on others, Isn't always "me first," Doesn't fly off the handle, Doesn't keep score of the sins of others, Doesn't revel when others grovel, Takes pleasure in the flowering of truth, Puts up with anything, Trusts God always, Always looks for the best, Never looks back, But keeps going to the end.

About Me

I start my day with God and coffee. I'm a wife, mother and grandmother, writer and reader, empty-nester and traveler, lover of the outdoors, pursuer of contentment, and a cook who avoids cookbooks. I love to laugh and I don't do roller coasters!

Family

Our family is almost on the grandbaby-a-year plan! We welcomed three granddaughters in 2010, 2011, 2012, two grandsons in 2013, and in 2015, two more little ones. In 2017-18 three MORE are joining the family. Amazing!


Intestinal complications following accelerated fractionated x-irradiation. An experimental study in the rat.
Due to paucity of suitable animal models, it has been difficult to study the development of long-term intestinal complications following fractionated irradiation. We recently developed a model which allows multiple radiation exposures of a short segment of rat ileum without the need for repeated surgery. In the present series, this model was used to study the influence of shortening the total treatment time (accelerated fractionation) on development of radiation enteropathy. Male rats were orchiectomized and a short segment of distal ileum was transposed to the scrotum. Starting 3 weeks after surgery, the scrotum containing the intestinal segment was x-irradiated with 20 fractions of 2.8 Gy (total dose 56 Gy). Two fractionation schedules were compared: One fraction per day (total treatment time 26 days) and 3 fractions per day (total treatment time 7 days). Actuarial survival curves were obtained, and the degree of radiation injury was assessed 2, 8, and 26 weeks after the last radiation exposure using a semiquantitative histopathologic scoring system. There was no mortality from acute radiation injury in either treatment group. All animals of the 1-fraction/day group survived the observation period (26 weeks). In the 3-fraction/day group, there was significant mortality due to intestinal obstruction, and cumulative mortality at 26 weeks was 100%. Radiation injury, as assessed by the histopathologic scoring system, was also more pronounced in this group than in the 1-fraction/day group. We conclude that shortening the total treatment time significantly increases the severity of late intestinal complications. Our data are suggestive of an association between acute mucosal damage and chronic radiation injury of the small intestine.


Quit smoking campaign fires up CDC phone lines

The CDC’s hard-hitting quit smoking campaign continues to fire up the phone lines with record calls for help.

Calls more than doubled nationally in the first two weeks of the campaign, reflecting the local experience of National Jewish. The respiratory specialty hospital in Denver takes calls for Colorado and eight other states as part of a help line contract, and reported a major boost in calls very early in the new campaign.

The CDC saw calls nationwide rise from 14,437 in the week before the new ads started running, to 33,262 calls in the first week, then to a record 34,413 calls for the second week, March 26 – April 1. (The number is 1-800-QUIT-NOW.)

The ads, featuring stark images of former smokers showing big impacts on their health, will run for 12 weeks on TV, radio, on billboards and in print.

In touting the new numbers, the CDC says past anti-smoking ad campaigns have shown five to six smokers try to quit on their own for every one caller to the hotline.

Colorado’s actually a bit of a laggard this time around, according to a quick update from William Allstetter at National Jewish. The eight states National Jewish handles outside Colorado are calling the quit lines at double previous rates. But Colorado has seen about a 57 percent increase.

Hi All,I’ve just quit smoking as well. I’ve also started a blog and have committed to write everyday about how I’m feeling. My hope is that keeping a journal will allow me to look back and remember why I wanted to quit later down the road when I consider smoking. Perhaps my story can help to motivate others as well. Either way I can use all the support I can get. Jakehttp://www.frec9albar.com/quitter

Electa Draper is the health writer for The Denver Post and has covered every news beat in a 22-year journalism career at three newspapers. She has a bachelor's degree in biology and a master's in journalism.


There is today a variety of absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, panty liners, diapers, bed protections and incontinence guards, having different shapes and dimensions on the market. Such an absorbent article usually comprises an absorbent structure formed to absorb body fluids under a short period of time and to distribute and store body fluids. This means that the absorbent structure usually comprises several different layers having different characteristics in relation to each other. The absorbent structure often comprises at least a liquid acquisition layer, a liquid storage layer and a liquid distribution layer.
As a liquid acquisition layer is usually used a porous material having a high momentaneous liquid receiving capacity. Examples of such materials are cellulosic fluff pulp of thermomechanic or chemothermomechanic (CTMP) type, chemically stiffened cellulosic fibres, synthetic fiber structures of different types and porous foam materials etc.
As a storage layer is usually cellulosic fluff pulp mixed with so called superabsorbents used, or superabsorbent polymer particles (SAP), i.e. crosslinked polymers having the ability to absorb several times their own weight (10 times or more).
As distribution layer may cellulosic fluff pulp, tissue layer, foam, synthetic fibers and the like having high liquid distribution capacity be used. It is also possible to combine two or more of the functions acquisition, storage and distribution in one and the same layer.
Since superabsorbent particles are more expensive than natural or synthetic fibermaterials, it is advantageous to reduce the amount of superabsorbent particles in the absorbent structure. Rather than reduce the amount of such particles throughout the entire structure, it is desirable to distribute the particles in the structure in a pre-determined manner such that the particles are where it is most efficient to receive and store body fluids.
In order to be able to apply the superabsorbent particles on pre-determined areas of the absorbent structure, commonly airborne superabsorbent particles are directed through a valve, where the supplying of particles to the absorbent structure is controlled by means of a valve vane. Such an apparatus for applying particles on an absorbent structure is shown in FIG. 1. When a valve vane arranged in the valve is in a first position, the airborne particles are directed through the valve to a nozzle supplying the particles to the absorbent structure. When the valve vane is in a second position, the airborne particles are directed through the valve to a collecting container for recycling of the particles. This kind of valve is shown in more detail with the valve vane in the first position in FIG. 2a and in the second position in FIG. 2b.
Such a valve is previously known through U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,854, which displays an apparatus for applying superabsorbent particles on pre-determined areas of a fibrous material. Air-entrained absorbent particles are directed through a valve which alternately is directing the particles to a first and a second nozzle supplying the particles to the absorbent structure, which allows the particles to de deposited on the absorbent structure on pre-determined areas.
However, it has turned out that when a valve of the kind described above is in its second position, the particles that are in the outlet conduit when the valve is switched to the second position will be dispensed on the fibrous material forming a “tail” to the pre-determined area, a so called tailing effect. It is desirable to get rid of this “tail” and obtain a distinct ending of the particle provided areas of the absorbent structure, in order to reduce the consumption of particles and at the same time make an aesthetically attractive effect. Further, particles in the “tail” may even end up outside the absorbent structure, e.g. directly between a surface material and a back layer. Since superabsorbent particles often form sharp granules, it may in this case cause discomfort at use of the article, which is yet another reason for desiring to avoid the forming of a tail of particles.


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;       : ZannyLim (임재형)
;       : bzImage
;  4.52 : Hyeong il  Kim (kurt Sawyer)
;  9.07 : Dong-yoon Han (한동윤)
; 15.12 : Winterscenery (Ji-yong BAE)
; 16.04 : Add translation and Modify by Winterscenery (Ji-yong BAE)
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0
7-Zip
Korean
한국어
401
확인
취소

예(&Y)
아니오(&N)
닫기(&C)
도움말

계속(&C)
440
모두 예(&A)
모두 아니오(&L)
중지
다시 시작
낮은 순위로(&B)
우선 순위로(&F)
일시정지(&P)
일시정지 됨
정말로 취소하시겠습니까?
500
파일(&F)
편집(&E)
보기(&V)
즐겨찾기(&A)
도구(&T)
도움말(&H)
540
열기(&O)
내부 열기(&I)
외부 열기(&U)
파일 뷰어(&V)
편집(&E)
새 이름(&M)
복사(&C)...
이동(&M)...
삭제(&D)
파일 나누기(&S)...
파일 합치기(&B)...
속성(&R)
설명(&N)...
체크섬 계산
파일 비교
폴더 만들기
파일 만들기
끝내기(&X)
연결
대체 데이터 스트림(&A)
600
모두 선택(&A)
모두 선택 취소
선택 항목 반전(&I)
선택...
선택 취소...
파일 형식으로 선택
파일 형식으로 선택 취소
700
큰 아이콘(&G)
작은 아이콘(&M)
목록(&L)
자세히(&S)
730
정렬 안함
펼쳐 보기
2 패널(&2)
도구 모음(&T)
최상위 폴더 열기
한단계 위로
폴더 히스토리...
새로 고침(&R)
자동 새로 고침
750
압축 도구 모음
표준 도구 모음
큰 버튼
버튼 텍스트 보기
800
즐겨찾기에 추가(&A)
북마크
900
옵션(&P)...
벤치마크(&B)
960
도움말 항목(&C)...
7-Zip 정보(&A)...
1003
경로
이름
확장자
폴더
크기
압축된 크기
속성
만든 날짜
액세스한 날짜
수정한 날짜
솔리드
설명
암호화
나누기 이전
나누기 이후
사전
CRC
형식
안티
압축 방식
생성한 OS
파일 시스템
사용자
그룹
블럭
설명
위치
경로 접두
폴더
파일
버전
볼륨
다중볼륨
오프셋
연결
블록
볼륨

64-bit
Big-endian
CPU
물리적 크기
해더 크기
체크섬
특성
가상 주소
ID
짧은 이름
생성 응용프로그램
섹터 크기
모드
심볼릭 연결
오류
전체 크기
여유 공간
클러스터 크기
라벨
로컬 이름
제공자
NT 보안
대체 데이터 스트림
보조
삭제
Is Tree

오류 유형
오류
오류
경고
경고
스트림
대체 데이터 스트림
대체 데이터 스트림 크기
가상 크기
압축 해제 후 크기
용량 실제 크기
볼륨 인덱스
보조형식
주석
코드 페이지

테일 크기
임베디드 스텁 크기
연결
하드 연결
iNode

읽기 전용
2100
옵션
언어
언어:
편집기
파일 편집기(&E):
파일 비교(&D):
2200
시스템
7-Zip 으로 연결:
모든 사용자
2301
7-Zip 탐색기 메뉴 사용
탐색기 메뉴 계단식 보기
탐색기 메뉴 항목:
탐색기 메뉴 아이콘 보기
2320
<폴더>
<압축파일>
압축파일 열기
압축 풀기...
압축파일에 추가...
압축파일 테스트
여기에 압축 풀기
{0}에 풀기
{0}에 추가
압축해서 이메일 보내기
{0}로 압축해서 이메일 보내기
2400
폴더
작업 폴더(&W)
시스템 임시 폴더(&S)
현재 폴더(&C)
지정 폴더(&S):
이동식 드라이브에서만 사용
압축에 관계된 파일이 임시적으로 사용할 위치 지정.
2500
설정
상위 폴더 ".." 항목 보기
실제 파일 아이콘 보기
시스템 메뉴 보기
행 전체 선택(&F)
눈금선 보기(&G)
한 번 클릭으로 항목 열기
교차 선택 모드
큰 메모리 페이지 사용
2900
7-Zip 정보
7-Zip 은 무료 소프트웨어입니다.
3000
시스템이 필요한 양의 메모리를 할당할 수 없음
오류 없음
{0} 항목이 선택됨
'{0}' 폴더를 생성할 수 없음
업데이트 작업이 이 압축파일에서는 지원되지 않습니다.
파일 '{0}'을(를) 압축파일로 열 수 없음
암호화된 압축파일 '{0}'을(를) 열 수 없습니다. 잘못 입력된 암호?
지원되지 않는 압축파일 유형
{0} 파일은 이미 존재함
파일 '{0}'이 수정되었습니다.\n압축파일에 업데이트 하시겠습니까?
'{0}' 파일을 업데이트 할 수 없습니다.
편집기를 시작할 수 없습니다.
해당 파일이 바이러스 같습니다 (파일 이름에 길다란 공백이 들어있음).
긴 경로로된 폴더에서 해당 작업을 호출할 수 없습니다.
반드시 한 개의 파일을 선택해야함
반드시 한 개 이상의 파일을 선택해야 함
항목이 너무 많음
{0} 압축파일로 파일을 열 수 없습니다
{0} 압축파일로 파일이 열리고 있습니다
압축파일 오프셋을 사용하여 열려 있습니다
3300
압축 푸는 중
압축하는 중
검사 중
여는 중...
검색 중...
삭제 중
3320
추가 중
업데이트 중
분석 중
덮어 쓰는 중
다시 압축 중
건너뛰는 중
삭제 중
헤더 작성 중
3400
압축 풀기
압축 풀기(&X):
압축 풀린 파일의 위치를 지정합니다.
3410
경로 모드
전체 경로명
경로명 없음
절대 경로명
상대 경로명
3420
덮어쓰기 모드
덮어쓰기 전에 확인
물어보지 않고 덮어쓰기
존재하는 파일 건너뛰기
자동으로 이름 바꾸기
존재하는 파일 이름 바꾸기
3430
최상위 폴더의 중복을 방지
파일 보안 속성을 복원
3500
파일 덮어쓰기 확인
대상 폴더에 이미 파일이 존재합니다.
존재하는 파일을
이것으로 덮어쓰기 하시겠습니까?
{0} 바이트
자동으로 이름 바꾸기(&U)
3700
'{0}'은 지원하지 않는 압축 방식입니다.
'{0}'에 데이터 오류가 있습니다. 파일이 손상되었습니다.
'{0}'의 CRC 검사를 실패했습니다. 파일이 손상되었습니다.
암호화 파일 '{0}'에 데이터 오류가 있습니다. 암호가 틀리나요?
암호화 파일 '{0}'의 CRC 검사를 실패했습니다. 암호가 틀리나요?
3710
잘못 입력된 암호?
3721
지원하지 않는 압축 방법
데이터 오류
CRC가 다릅니다
사용할 수없는 데이터
데이터의 예기치 않은 종료
페이로드 데이터 종료 후에 일부 데이터가 있습니다.
압축되지 않았습니다.
헤더 오류
암호가 잘못되었습니다.
3763
사용할 수 없는 시작의  압축파일
확인되지 않는 시작의 압축파일

지원하지 않는 기능
3800
암호 입력
암호 입력:
암호 다시 입력:
암호 보기(&S)
암호가 일치하지 않음
암호로는 영문자, 숫자 그리고 특수 문자 (!, #, $, ...)만 사용
암호가 너무 깁니다.
암호
3900
경과 시간:
남은 시간:
전체 크기:
속도:
처리됨:
압축 효율:
오류:
압축파일:
4000
압축파일에 추가
압축파일(&A):
업데이트 모드(&U):
압축파일 형식(&F):
압축 레벨(&L):
압축 방식(&M):
사전 크기(&D):
단어(word) 크기(&W):
솔리드 블록 크기:
CPU 스레드 수:
매개변수(&P):
옵션
자동(SFX) 압축파일 생성(&X)
공유하고있는 파일 압축
암호화
암호화 방식:
파일 이름 암호화(&N)
압축시 사용 메모리:
압축 풀기시 사용 메모리:
압축 후 원본 파일을 삭제
4040
심볼릭 연결을 저장
하드 연결을 저장
대체 데이터 스트림을 저장
파일 보안 속성을 저장
4050
저장
가장 빠름
빠름
보통
최고
가장 느림
4060
추가 파일 덮어쓰기
업데이트 후 파일 추가
기존 파일을 새로 고침
파일을 동기화
4070
찾아보기
모든 파일
솔리드 사용 않함
솔리드
6000
복사
이동
폴더로 복사:
폴더로 이동:
복사 중...
이동 중...
이름 바꾸는 중...
대상 폴더를 선택하세요.
지원되지 않는 작업입니다.
파일 또는 폴더 이름 바꾸기 실패
파일 복사 확인
파일을 압축파일로 복사 하시겠습니까?
6100
파일 삭제 확인
폴더 삭제 확인
여러 파일 지우기 확인
'{0}'을(를) 삭제하시겠습니까?
폴더 '{0}'와 그 모든 내용을 삭제하시겠습니까?
이 {0} 항목들을 삭제하시겠습니까?
삭제 중...
파일 또는 폴더 삭제 실패
시스템이 긴 경로의 파일을 휴지통으로 이동할 수 없음
6300
폴더 만들기
파일 만들기
폴더 이름:
파일 이름:
새 폴더
새 파일
폴더 만들기 오류
파일 만들기 오류
6400
설명
설명(&C):
선택
선택 취소
마스크:
6600
속성
폴더 히스토리
진단 메시지
메시지
7100
컴퓨터
네트워크
문서
시스템
7200
추가
압축 풀기
테스트
복사
이동
삭제
속성
7300
파일 분할하기
분할하기(&S):
볼륨 나누기, 바이트(&V):
분할하는 중...
분할 확인
정말 {0} 볼륨들로 분할 하시겠습니까?
볼륨 크기가 원본 파일보다 작아야만 합니다.
볼륨 크기가 부적절합니다.
지정된 볼륨 크기: {0} 바이트.\n이 볼륨 크기로 분할 하시겠습니까?
7400
파일 합치기
합치기(&B):
파일 합치는 중...
첫번째 파일만 선택하시오
분할한 파일의 한 부분으로 인식할 수 없음
분할 파일의 한 부분 이상을 찾을 수 없음
7500
체크섬 계산중...
체크섬 정보
데이터 CRC 체크섬:
데이터와 이름 CRC 체크섬:
7600
벤치마크
메모리 사용량:
압축 중
압축 푸는 중
평가
전체 평가
현재
결과
CPU 사용량
평가 / 사용량
통과:
7700
연결
연결 만들기
원본:
연결:
7710
연결 유형
하드 연결
파일의 심볼릭 연결
디렉토리의 심볼릭 연결
디렉토리 접합


What qualities do you look for in a partner? Charming, sweet, good smile, sexy, smart, good to their family and so on? So many people look for similar qualities in a partner, but it’s common to see people in relationships where their partner can be hurtful, neglectful, disrespectful, or downright mean at times.

How did they end up with this kind of person?

Attraction is an interesting and tricky psychology, and in order to shed some light on why people at times choose partners who are unhealthy for them, it’s first necessary to understand how attraction works.

What Causes People to Become Attracted?

If your answer is “good looks,” believe it or not, this is hardly an indicator of what causes a person to choose a relationship. Finding a person to be “attractive” isn’t the same as being emotionally drawn to them.

Who we become attracted to has a lot to do with how we grew up. But it’s not as simple as finding someone who reminds us of our parents. What’s crucial in attraction is that we find a person who re-creates the psychological environment of our childhood — an emotional comfort zone — while also setting up the potential for the repair of issues that were present in our childhood.

This comfort zone was created psychologically as we grew up, based on the role we played with our caretakers.

How Do Our Parents Fit In?

Dr. Harville Hendrix, the founder of Imago Therapy, discusses attraction in terms of what he calls “The Lost Self.” Essentially, as we developed into the world, we learned to suppress emotional pieces of who we are based on experiences that we had. For example, if we learned through consequences that showing anger was bad, anger may have become a piece of our disowned selves since we learned to disconnect from anger.

We may have learned to smile when angry, or joke, or anything that will help us avoid being in touch with our anger, since experiencing anger was somehow threatening to us.

But with attraction, Hendrix asserts that we become drawn to someone who can connect to the emotional areas that we disowned — e.g. someone who can be outwardly expressive of anger would be very attractive to someone who’s disowned outward feelings of anger.

Hendrix also asserts that we are attracted to people who encompass positive and negative qualities of our caretakers. Early in relationships, the comfort zone described above brings a sense of euphoria, fooling us into believing that we’re finally going to repair those issues from our childhood that we never repaired with our parents.

Early in the relationship, our subconscious interprets our partner’s negative qualities as the potential for repair (potential holds a positive emotion). However, after the honeymoon phase of a relationship passes, those same negative qualities that helped bring two people together start to become annoying and irritating.

We start to see that our new relationship isn’t really going to resolve our childhood issues, and now we are left to deal with similar frustrations of similar issues that we experienced in childhood!

Comfortable Isn’t Always Healthy

There’s more to the attraction mechanism than this (e.g. attachment, relationship role modeling, etc.), but what’s important here is that our subconscious seeks familiarity, potential for repair and someone who can elicit our suppressed emotional selves, whether or not it’s a healthy relationship for us.

So for people who were abused by their caretakers as children, it makes sense that they could end up with a person who is also abusive. In a sense, the comfort zone says, “I’ve lived in this type of environment before, and therefore I already know how to function in it and deal with it. It’s comfortable to me and I feel at home here.”

Understanding these properties of what emotionally draws us to someone, it’s part of our job as people to learn about our own relationship patterns, especially if we’ve had a history of unhealthy relationships. If our upbringing has wired us for unhealthy relationship environments as adults, it may take some professional therapy to psychologically re-wire our attraction mechanism to seek healthy relationships.

No one is destined to unhealthy relationships — we are molded into it, and we can be molded back. With a bit of motivation and determination, it is possible to have the healthy relationship we desire.

Upset couple photo available from Shutterstock


/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 RoboVM AB
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.bugvm.apple.uikit;

/*<imports>*/
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.util.*;
import com.bugvm.objc.*;
import com.bugvm.objc.annotation.*;
import com.bugvm.objc.block.*;
import com.bugvm.rt.*;
import com.bugvm.rt.annotation.*;
import com.bugvm.rt.bro.*;
import com.bugvm.rt.bro.annotation.*;
import com.bugvm.rt.bro.ptr.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.foundation.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.coreanimation.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.coregraphics.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.coredata.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.coreimage.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.coretext.*;
import com.bugvm.apple.corelocation.*;
/*</imports>*/

/*<javadoc>*/

/*</javadoc>*/
/*<annotations>*/@Marshaler(ValuedEnum.AsMachineSizedSIntMarshaler.class)/*</annotations>*/
public enum /*<name>*/UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection/*</name>*/ implements ValuedEnum {
    /*<values>*/
    Forward(0L),
    Reverse(1L);
    /*</values>*/

    private final long n;

    private /*<name>*/UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection/*</name>*/(long n) { this.n = n; }
    public long value() { return n; }
    public static /*<name>*/UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection/*</name>*/ valueOf(long n) {
        for (/*<name>*/UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection/*</name>*/ v : values()) {
            if (v.n == n) {
                return v;
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No constant with value " + n + " found in "
            + /*<name>*/UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection/*</name>*/.class.getName());
    }
}


Letter: This government is steering us toward disaster

I am one of the lucky Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, with six children, four of whom, plus five grandchildren, are married and living in this province.

The last 40 years I have been trying to make this province a better place for them to live — calling in on “Open Line,” letter-writing, sitting on committees province wide, working on getting politicians elected and some defeated, so that this province can have a bright future.

We have a captain at the helm who is incapable of getting this province back on track.

He has proven that by agreeing to sign a deal with the union that no one gets laid off for the next four years. Of the many promises Dwight Ball made when running for premier, this is one he has kept.

They keep taxing people to death and borrowing money to keep workers in place who are not needed, and going further in the hole every year, using the excuse that layoffs will shock the economy. This is b.s. We lost the paper mills in Grand Falls and Stephenville, all the workers still found work and these towns are prospering.

The biggest cost to many employers is the cost of labour, and when employers get in trouble the first thing they do is downsize and try to save their business so that they can continue to exist and keep people employed.

Both the Newfoundland and Labrador Employers’ Council and the St. John’s Board of Trade has continued to press this government to cut spending, but the premier has refused to listen to the people who are keeping the economy and the province alive, and he is doing the complete opposite.

I have come to the conclusion this government has no intentions of curbing spending and getting this province back on course. The deal with the unions was the last straw for me.

With the boondoggle Muskrat Falls coming on stream in a couple of years (which the premier could have stopped), and a bloated, high-paid public service — people who are guaranteed their jobs for the next four years, this province is in the worst state that I’ve seen in my lifetime.

We have a captain of the Good Ship NL who is plowing through ice-infested waters at full speed, and as every captain in this province knows, by doing that you are risking the lives of all aboard, and the crew are standing by and watching it happen. Remember the Titanic!

This is a hard letter for me to write, seeing as I spent a lot of time and money getting this government elected. I have come to the conclusion this government has no intentions of curbing spending and getting this province back on course. The deal with the unions was the last straw for me.

This letter is written on behalf of my grandchildren and great-grandchildren, who are facing a bleak future in this province. I know I will piss off some politicians by this letter, but I will continue to do it as long as they are playing politics with the future of my family.

To the people out here who think like I do, speak up before it’s too late, let your member know that you are not satisfied with their performance and they are not doing what we elected them to do. It’s time for politicians of all stripes to get their act together and bring this province back on track.


Q:

Is it possible to recalculate the system configuration checksum on a Cisco RV180W

My Cisco RV180W has a corrupt configuration which is breaking the user interface in a few places. After a factory reset, it's fine - but if I restore my previous configuration it breaks again.
The backed-up configuration (.cfg) files are text files, and ideally I would like to restore parts of my old configuration (e.g. firewall rules, VPN users) by editing my 'clean' configuration file. However, the files contain a checksum line in the format:
systemConfig[1]["checksum"]="f0761710438b1ef29d811c76bd4c0f06"

... and if this checksum doesn't match the file contents, the router refuses to restore the file.
Does anyone know how I can recalculate this checksum after making manual changes to the configuration file?

A:

As suggested, I'm reposting the answer that I found at https://supportforums.cisco.com/thread/2187263 as an answer now that I can...
The Cisco RV180W will accept a zero checksum in its configuration files. The checksum (specified at around line 13 of the .cfg file) is set to zero like this:
systemConfig[1]["checksum"]="0"

This works around the 'Failed to update configuration as the file may have been invalid / corrupted' error that the router gives if an attempt is made to restore the configuration from a manually edited file specifying a non-zero (and incorrect) checksum.
I have successfully used this technique to restore firewall rules and VPN users from an older configuration file. However, I would recommend extreme care in editing these configuration files manually. Don't use this technique to load a configuration file that really is invalid/corrupted.


BARBI TWINS: Shane and Sia Barbi, Best Known Collectively as "The Barbi Twins", are Vegan Animal Activists, Rescuers, Authors and Spokespersons for Animal Rights: Educating and Advocating for the Safety and Well Being of All Animals and Marine Life Across the Globe. Media contact for Barbi Twins (Events, Support, etc): James Gonis, (310) 315-8635, jamesg@playboy.com


Q:

why the view in my storyboard doesn't show up (Swift)?

I has one initial view controller in my story board here is the code:
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

@IBOutlet weak var textField: UITextField!

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

   let customview = customUI()

    textField.inputView = customview.view
}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
    super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

}

}

in the customUI class I have this code :
import UIKit

class customUI : UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {

        super.viewDidLoad()

    }

}

Then I create another viewController in storyboard and set the class to be customUI class. Then I choose its background color in storyboard to be blue.
Then I run the simulator, and click on the textField. it loads the plain grey area instead of the blue background that I have set.
Why? how to fix this? I'm new to UI in Xcode.
some people talking about this issue in Objective-C but I know only swift, please give me detail explanation in swift.

A:

When you create the customview object it does not have any connection with your storyboard, you need to do:
let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
let customview = storyboard.instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier("SIDCustomUI") as! customUI

where SIDCustomUI is Storyboard ID for your ViewController


Q:

How to remove a specific item from the search index?

I have a content type in a D6 site that allows the creator of a node to mark the node as "withdrawn" -- he can still see it, but attempts by others to see it are caught and redirected somewhere else, like their user page.  When this node gets withdrawn, I'd like to remove it from the local search index (standard Drupal search) as well.
My somewhat brutish way of doing this is:
    db_query("delete from {search_dataset} where sid = %d", $node->nid);
    db_query("delete from {search_index} where sid = %d", $node->nid);

which seems to work -- the node stops showing up in search results.  But I'm worried about {search_total} -- there are entries there that correspond to the words in the node's content.  I can't just remove all the node's terms from {search_total}, of course; is this worth worrying about?  Or am I seriously screwing up the search index by doing this in the first place?  Thanks!

A:

Looking at the code executed from node_delete_multiple() (which is then the function used by node_delete()), I see that the function called is search_reindex().
    // Remove this node from the search index if needed.
    // This code is implemented in node module rather than in search module,
    // because node module is implementing search module's API, not the other
    // way around.
    if (module_exists('search')) {
      search_reindex($nid, 'node');
    }

The code executed from that function to delete rows from the search tables is the following one.
db_delete('search_dataset')
  ->condition('sid', $sid)
  ->condition('type', $module)
  ->execute();

db_delete('search_index')
  ->condition('sid', $sid)
  ->condition('type', $module)
  ->execute();

// Don't remove links if re-indexing.
if (!$reindex) {
  db_delete('search_node_links')
    ->condition('sid', $sid)
    ->condition('type', $module)
    ->execute();
}

I suggest using search_reindex(), but to reply to your question, it doesn't seem that updating the "search_total" table is necessary, at this point; Drupal doesn't do it when a node is deleted. That table is updated from search_update_totals(), which is called from search_cron(). See the comment given for the following code, executed from search_update_totals().
  // Find words that were deleted from search_index, but are still in
  // search_total. We use a LEFT JOIN between the two tables and keep only the
  // rows which fail to join.
  $result = db_query("SELECT t.word AS realword, i.word FROM {search_total} t LEFT JOIN {search_index} i ON t.word = i.word WHERE i.word IS NULL", array(), array('target' => 'slave'));
  $or = db_or();
  foreach ($result as $word) {
    $or->condition('word', $word->realword);
  }
  if (count($or) > 0) {
    db_delete('search_total')
      ->condition($or)
      ->execute();
  }

In Drupal 6, the equivalent of search_reindex() is search_wipe(), which is called from node_delete(). The function contains the following code to delete the tables' content.
db_query("DELETE FROM {search_dataset} WHERE sid = %d AND type = '%s'", $sid, $type);
db_query("DELETE FROM {search_index} WHERE sid = %d AND type = '%s'", $sid, $type);
// Don't remove links if re-indexing.
if (!$reindex) {
  db_query("DELETE FROM {search_node_links} WHERE sid = %d AND type = '%s'", $sid, $type);
}

Also in this case, I suggest using search_wipe().


# frozen_string_literal: true

# Returns and caches in thread max member access for a resource
#
module BulkMemberAccessLoad
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  included do
    # Determine the maximum access level for a group of resources in bulk.
    #
    # Returns a Hash mapping resource ID -> maximum access level.
    def max_member_access_for_resource_ids(resource_klass, resource_ids, memoization_index = self.id, &block)
      raise 'Block is mandatory' unless block_given?

      resource_ids = resource_ids.uniq
      key = max_member_access_for_resource_key(resource_klass, memoization_index)
      access = {}

      if Gitlab::SafeRequestStore.active?
        Gitlab::SafeRequestStore[key] ||= {}
        access = Gitlab::SafeRequestStore[key]
      end

      # Look up only the IDs we need
      resource_ids -= access.keys

      return access if resource_ids.empty?

      resource_access = yield(resource_ids)

      access.merge!(resource_access)

      missing_resource_ids = resource_ids - resource_access.keys

      missing_resource_ids.each do |resource_id|
        access[resource_id] = Gitlab::Access::NO_ACCESS
      end

      access
    end

    private

    def max_member_access_for_resource_key(klass, memoization_index)
      "max_member_access_for_#{klass.name.underscore.pluralize}:#{memoization_index}"
    end
  end
end