DECEMBER 11, 2008

IN THIS ISSUE

1. Graduation and Baccalaureate Mass are this weekend

More than 450 Marquette University graduates will be recognized at the mid-year commencement on Sunday, Dec. 14, at the U.S. Cellular Arena.

The program will begin at 9:30 a.m. and will feature a keynote address by Dr. Steven Goldzwig, professor of communication studies in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication, as well as remarks from Marquette President Robert A. Wild, S.J., and student speaker Emily Rodier, Helen Way Klingler College of Arts and Sciences. Graduation events will also include a Baccalaureate Mass at 7:30 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 13, at Gesu Church, celebrated by Father Wild and other members of the Marquette Jesuit community.

2. Board of Trustees approves new biology major

The Marquette University Board of Trustees Wednesday approved a new major, Biology for the Professions, specifically designed for middle and secondary school majors in the College of Education. The new major becomes available in fall 2009 addresses the need for middle and high school science teachers locally and nationally and meets the content standards required for teacher licensure by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.

The biology for the professions major will require six, three-credit biological sciences courses, plus an additional biology lab course and nine credits of electives in biological sciences. Students will also be required to take chemistry, mathematics and physics courses.

The trustees also approved the elimination of majors in human biology, social sciences, broad field social sciences, broad field social sciences major in history, broad field social sciences major in political science, broad field social sciences major in sociology and interdisciplinary major in social sciences. Most of the majors eliminated have not been offered in recent years.

At the graduate level, the trustees approved the termination of the Master of Arts degree in Teaching (Spanish). The board also received information about new specializations in computational science at both the Ph.D. and master’s levels. The new specializations will replace discrete specializations in algebra, biomathematics, statistics and logic and foundation at the Ph.D. level and in computer science and mathematics at the master’s level. In addition, two graduate certificates in nursing — adult clinical nurse specialist and gerontologic nurse specialist — have been offered but are now formally recognized.

3. Freshman experience task forces start work in January

Eight task force groups are being formed to review the results of the freshman experience survey in which employees and students recently participated. The Office of the Provost and the Division of Student Affairs are working with the Foundations of Excellence project of the Policy Center on the First Year of College, Ashville, N.C., to develop an action plan for campus-wide improvement.

Marquette’s faculty/staff survey response rate was 64.4 percent and the response rate for students was 56.3 percent.

The task forces, which will begin their work in January 2009, and their chairs are:

Marquette is one of 20 four-year institutions participating in a comprehensive, campus-wide self-assessment of the first year college experience during the 2008-09 academic year.

Task force chairs will work together to identify a comprehensive first-year vision. Deans, directors and other supervisors have recommended task forces members. Others interested in serving on a task force, including students, should contact Tina Rodriguez, office associate, Office of the Provost, at 8-8030.

4. US Bank customers targeted for phishing scam

The US Bank on campus has received reports of cell phone users receiving text messages from US Bank, asking the user to contact a number and give account information to reactivate an account. These messages are a fraudulent attempt to access customer accounts and are being sent randomly to US Bank customers and non-US Bank customers to phish for account information. Do not use the number given by the e-mail or text message. Phishing is a common method used to commit fraud.

According to US Bank: There has been no breach in security. US Bank will never request information by e-mail or by text message. Any request for financial or personal information should be verified by contacting the financial institution directly. US Bank customers who have provided information as a result of these text messages should see a representative at the US Bank branch on campus for more information and to limit damage.

5. Public Safety offers vacant house watch over break

The Department of Public Safety encourages students residing in the nearby off-campus neighborhood to take advantage of its Vacant House Watch. Students can register their residences with Public Safety prior to leaving campus for Christmas break, and DPS officers will monitor the vacant residences during routine patrols. The information provided to Public Safety remains strictly confidential.

Students must complete a form, which is available online, and return it to Public Safety by Monday, Dec. 22.
Students concerned about leaving their vehicles unattended can also obtain free on-campus parking during the break. Students can register vehicles and obtain a parking pass with Parking Services after their last final exam. For more information, contact Parking Services at 8-6911.

6. Annex hosting men’s basketball viewing party

The Annex will host a viewing party for the men’s basketball game against Tennessee on Tuesday, Dec. 16, at 8:30 p.m. The first 100 fans will receive a commemorative T-shirt. Doors open at 5 p.m.

All fans will have a chance to enter the “Best Seat in the House” contest to watch the game from a La-Z-Boy chair with a free Annex pizza and pitcher of soda. There will also be opportunities to win Marquette gear at half time. Check the Annex’s Web site or Facebook site for more information.

News Briefs is published for Marquette students, faculty and staff every Monday and Thursday, except during summer and academic breaks when only the Monday edition is published. The deadline for the Monday edition is noon Friday. The deadline for the Thursday edition is noon Wednesday. Highest priority notices as determined by university leadership are also sent periodically.


The long term goal of this project is the investigation of mechanisms of photosensitivity in patient who are abnormally sensitive to sunlight. A major aspect of the investigation is based on determining the action spectra; that is, identification of ultraviolet, visible or infrared radiation and the minimal dose of the radiation that will provoke changes in the skin. This is determined by irradiating the skin with narrow wave bands of measured intensity, obtained from high intensity xenon or xenon mercury lamps. Monochromatic light has been obtained with interference filters, but more recently a high intensity tandem prism - defraction grating mnochromator has been constructed which has been available for testing since January, 1969. A knowledge of the action spectra of a disease may lead to an understanding of its pathogenesis, or even biochemical identification of the photosensitizing substance. This hypothesis is based on the principle that radiant energy is only active after absorption, so that if the active wave length is known, a search can be made amongst substances which are known to absorb them. If the photosensitizing substance can be excited to produce autofluorescence, additional information can be obtained by adapting the defraction grating monochromator to form a microfluorospectrophotometer. The biochemical and biological research into the cause of photosensitivity includes derangements of porphyrin synthesis in human and experimental porphyrias; effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA synthesis and more recently the investigator has observed that T lymphocytes are more ultraviolet sensitive than B lymphocytes. It is proposed to continue to study the practical application of T lymphocyte killing in various experimental models including inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity and graft versus host reactions.


FIG. 1A illustrates a prior art apparatus to feed livestock. Apparatus 100 comprises cab portion 102 and trailer assembly 105. In certain embodiments, powered unit 102 and trailer 105 comprise an integral manufacture.
Trailer assembly 105 comprises feed container 110 and delivery assembly 120 disposed therein. Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, feed 150 is disposed in feed container 110 and is gravity fed into delivery assembly 120. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B, delivery assembly 120 comprises a first auger 130 and a second auger 140. In other embodiments, delivery assembly 120 may comprise a single auger. In still other embodiments, delivery assembly 120 comprises more than 2 augers. In certain embodiments, multiple augers may operate in a counter-rotating fashion.
Referring now to FIGS. 1C and 1D, apparatus 100/105 is disposed adjacent to a livestock feeding site and positioned such that feed trailer 105 is disposed adjacent to feed bunk 170. Side 190 of feed trailer 105 is formed to include aperture 180. Delivery assembly 120 is energized, and feed 150 is transferred from feed container 110, through aperture 180, across chute 160 and into feed bunk 170. In some instances, the size of aperture 180 is adjustable by means of operable door to regulate feed 150 flow.
The prior art apparatus of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, can deliver the same feed formulation to a plurality of feeding locations. However, different formulations cannot be delivered to different locations with the same load of feed 150.


The Flint water crisis and its health consequences

The water crisis that gripped the city of Flint, Michigan, in 2014 and 2015—and which is still felt to the present day—became one of the most notorious and scandalous public health disasters in recent United States history. The immediate cause was the contamination of the municipal water supply with toxic lead and dangerous bacteria, but the true cause is widely considered to be colossal mismanagement and unsound cost-cutting measures imposed on the city. Compounding the scandal is the fact that the population of Flint is disproportionately poor and African-American, suggesting to many critics that such mismanagement might not have occurred in a place with a wealthier, whiter population. Although the most acute health consequences of the crisis may be over, the long-term effects, particularly from the lead exposure, may take years to emerge. See also: Environmental toxicology; Lead; Water supply engineering

Water can be contaminated by chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human health. The water crisis in Flint, Michigan, involved the contamination of the municipal water supply with toxic lead and dangerous bacteria. (Credit: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health)

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Flint is a city of almost 100,000 people where more than 40 percent live below the poverty line. The General Motors automobile factory located in Flint was for many years the company’s largest, but the weakness of the American auto industry caused a decline in the city’s fortunes starting in the 1980s. Because of Flint’s poor finances, it was put into receivership and managed by state officials between 2011 and 2015. One of the decisions made during this time was to reduce the city’s water bill by switching suppliers from the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) to the Karegnondi Water Authority, via a new tunnel to be bored to Lake Huron. Flint stopped obtaining water from the DWSD in April 2014, but because the new Lake Huron supply was not yet available, the city adopted an interim measure of drawing water from the nearby Flint River. Although the Flint River had served as the city’s backup water source for many years and had been the primary source of water early in the 20th century, it had historically suffered from poor quality, especially in more recent decades. Runoff in the Flint River watershed contained a variety of pollutants, including industrial compounds, pesticides, fertilizers, and fecal bacteria. Those problems, which officials seem to have addressed inadequately, soon translated into a variety of health threats for Flint’s citizens. See also: Lake; River; Water-borne disease; Water resources

Shortly after the switchover to Flint River water, city residents began to complain that their water had an unpleasant smell, taste, and orange discoloration. In August 2014, tests detected fecal coliform bacteria (E. coli) in the water reaching some Flint neighborhoods, leading to the first of two temporary advisories that the water be boiled before use. Intestinal E. coli infections can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, with complications such as kidney failure, and they are most dangerous for children, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems. In response to the coliform bacteria reports, Flint officials increased the amount of antibacterial chlorine used to treat the water. See also: Escherichia; Escherichia coli outbreaks; Water treatment

The levels of chlorine and other corrosive compounds in the Flint River water caused further problems. By October 2014, General Motors had stopped using Flint’s municipal water out of concern that it corroded sensitive engine parts. More significantly, the corrosiveness of the water leached lead out of old pipes used throughout the city. Lead poisoning poses serious and even fatal threats to the nervous system and kidneys at every age, but high lead levels are especially dangerous for children under the age of six, whose physical and mental development may be permanently stunted. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a limit of 15 parts per billion for lead in drinking water, but because lead and other heavy metals accumulate within the body, no level of lead exposure is considered perfectly safe. In Flint, tests showed that the lead levels in the water in some homes was many times the EPA-recommended maximum. The extent of the lead contamination problem in Flint’s water at its worst is uncertain and controversial, but a preliminary report issued by a research team from Virginia Tech found that 40% of homes in Flint might have high lead levels. Researchers from the Hurley Medical Center announced in September 2015 that the number of children in Flint with excess blood lead levels had doubled since the switch to Flint River water, and that the levels had tripled in neighborhoods with the highest lead contamination in their water. The final version of an EPA report on testing at three Flint homes issued in November 2015 noted that “even with corrosion control treatment in place in the future, physical disturbances will be capable of dislodging the high lead-bearing scale and sediment from non-lead pipes as well as lead pipes.” See also: Childhood lead exposure and lead toxicity; Chlorine; Corrosion; Poison

Health officials noted that the number of cases of Legionnaires disease (Legionella) around Flint rose atypically during 2014 and 2015, claiming 10 lives. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services maintains that no clear connection between this outbreak and the Flint water crisis has been established, but the family of one of the Legionella victims has filed a $100 million lawsuit against Michigan Department of Environmental Quality officials and a regional medical center. See also: Legionnaires' disease; Public health

What makes the Flint water crisis a scandal is the evidence that mismanagement by city and state officials was ultimately to blame for most of the problems and health consequences suffered by the citizens. The final report of the Flint Water Advisory Task Force, released March 23, 2016, described the crisis as “a story of government failure, intransigence, unpreparedness, delay, inaction, and environmental injustice.” It faulted Michigan state agencies for failing to enforce drinking water regulations in Flint, failing to take appropriate measures to prevent the foreseeable pipe corrosion problems, and discrediting efforts to bring attention to the early evidence of tainted water and lead contamination. It also blamed other public officials, including the state governor, for not reversing the bad decisions made in the management of the crisis more promptly. Criminal charges are pending against more than a dozen state and local officials, including multiple felony charges against some of the state-appointed emergency managers.

Flint returned to drawing water from its Detroit source in October 2015. Because of damage to corroded plumbing, some residents still filter their water to remove impurities or use bottled water for drinking, cooking, and routine hygiene. Recent tests of the water in Flint homes generally find that the quality is well within federal safety standards, but the trust of Flint’s citizens in their water has been slow to rebound.

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Millrace Rapids

Millrace Rapids is a popular kayaking playspot, located on the Lower Saluda River in Columbia, South Carolina.

History
The rapids are a result of the Saluda River running over the remains of a twice-dynamited coffer dam.

Features
 Blast-O-Matic
 Dumbass Hole
 Cookie Monster
 Square Eddy
 Fisherman's Rock
 Pop-up Hole

Events and Competitions
 Millrace Massacre and Iceman Competition

Safety Concerns
Because the lower Saluda is flow-controlled by a hydroelectric dam (operated by SCANA), the water level can change rapidly. There is a warning system in place that consists of a series of sirens and strategically placed markers.

External links
 - American Whitewater page for the Lower Saluda River
 - SCE&G's page for the Lower Saluda River.

Category:Canoeing and kayaking venues in the United States
Category:Geography of Columbia, South Carolina
Category:Bodies of water of South Carolina
Category:Tourist attractions in Columbia, South Carolina
Category:Rapids of the United States


/**
 * \file axesstmc13readerunit.hpp
 * \author Maxime C. <maxime-dev@islog.com>
 * \brief AxessTMC13 Reader unit.
 */

#ifndef LOGICALACCESS_AXESSTMC13READERUNIT_HPP
#define LOGICALACCESS_AXESSTMC13READERUNIT_HPP

#include <logicalaccess/readerproviders/readerunit.hpp>
#include <logicalaccess/readerproviders/serialportxml.hpp>
#include <logicalaccess/plugins/readers/axesstmc13/axesstmc13readerunitconfiguration.hpp>
#include <logicalaccess/plugins/readers/axesstmc13/lla_readers_axesstmc13_api.hpp>

namespace logicalaccess
{
class Profile;
class AxessTMC13ReaderCardAdapter;
class AxessTMC13ReaderProvider;

/**
 * \brief The AxessTMC13 reader unit class.
 */
class LLA_READERS_AXESSTMC13_API AxessTMC13ReaderUnit : public ReaderUnit
{
  public:
    /**
     * \brief Constructor.
     */
    AxessTMC13ReaderUnit();

    /**
     * \brief Destructor.
     */
    virtual ~AxessTMC13ReaderUnit();

    /**
     * \brief Get the reader unit name.
     * \return The reader unit name.
     */
    std::string getName() const override;

    /**
     * \brief Get the connected reader unit name.
     * \return The connected reader unit name.
     */
    std::string getConnectedName() override;

    /**
     * \brief Set the card type.
     * \param cardType The card type.
     */
    void setCardType(std::string cardType) override;

    /**
     * \brief Wait for a card insertion.
     * \param maxwait The maximum time to wait for, in milliseconds. If maxwait is zero,
     * then the call never times out.
     * \return True if a card was inserted, false otherwise. If a card was inserted, the
     * name of the reader on which the insertion was detected is accessible with
     * getReader().
     * \warning If the card is already connected, then the method always fail.
     */
    bool waitInsertion(unsigned int maxwait) override;

    /**
     * \brief Wait for a card removal.
     * \param maxwait The maximum time to wait for, in milliseconds. If maxwait is zero,
     * then the call never times out.
     * \return True if a card was removed, false otherwise. If a card was removed, the
     * name of the reader on which the removal was detected is accessible with
     * getReader().
     */
    bool waitRemoval(unsigned int maxwait) override;

    /**
     * \brief Create the chip object from card type.
     * \param type The card type.
     * \return The chip.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<Chip> createChip(std::string type) override;

    /**
     * \brief Get the first and/or most accurate chip found.
     * \return The single chip.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<Chip> getSingleChip() override;

    /**
     * \brief Get chip available in the RFID rang.
     * \return The chip list.
     */
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Chip>> getChipList() override;

    /**
     * \brief Get the reader ping command.
     * \return The ping command.
     */
    ByteVector getPingCommand() const override;

    /**
     * \brief Get the current chip in air.
     * \return The chip in air.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<Chip> getChipInAir();

    /**
     * \brief Get the default AxessTMC13 reader/card adapter.
     * \return The default AxessTMC13 reader/card adapter.
     */
    virtual std::shared_ptr<AxessTMC13ReaderCardAdapter>
    getDefaultAxessTMC13ReaderCardAdapter();

    /**
     * \brief Connect to the card.
     * \return True if the card was connected without error, false otherwise.
     *
     * If the card handle was already connected, connect() first call disconnect(). If you
     * intend to do a reconnection, call reconnect() instead.
     */
    bool connect() override;

    /**
     * \brief Disconnect from the reader.
     * \see connect
     *
     * Calling this method on a disconnected reader has no effect.
     */
    void disconnect() override;

    /**
     * \brief Check if the card is connected.
     * \return True if the card is connected, false otherwise.
     */
    bool isConnected() override;

    /**
     * \brief Connect to the reader. Implicit connection on first command sent.
     * \return True if the connection successed.
     */
    bool connectToReader() override;

    /**
     * \brief Disconnect from reader.
     */
    void disconnectFromReader() override;

    /**
     * \brief Get a string hexadecimal representation of the reader serial number
     * \return The reader serial number or an empty string on error.
     */
    std::string getReaderSerialNumber() override;

    /**
     * \brief Serialize the current object to XML.
     * \param parentNode The parent node.
     */
    void serialize(boost::property_tree::ptree &parentNode) override;

    /**
     * \brief UnSerialize a XML node to the current object.
     * \param node The XML node.
     */
    void unSerialize(boost::property_tree::ptree &node) override;

    /**
     * \brief Retrieve reader identifier.
     * \return True on success, false otherwise. False means it's not a TMC reader
     * connected to COM port or COM port inaccessible.
     */
    bool retrieveReaderIdentifier();

    /**
     * \brief Get the TMC reader identifier.
     * \return The TMC reader identifier.
     */
    ByteVector getTMCIdentifier() const;

    /**
     * \brief Get the AxessTMC13 reader unit configuration.
     * \return The AxessTMC13 reader unit configuration.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<AxessTMC13ReaderUnitConfiguration> getAxessTMC13Configuration()
    {
        return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AxessTMC13ReaderUnitConfiguration>(
            getConfiguration());
    }

    /**
     * \brief Get the AxessTMC13 reader provider.
     * \return The AxessTMC13 reader provider.
     */
    std::shared_ptr<AxessTMC13ReaderProvider> getAxessTMC13ReaderProvider() const;

  protected:
    /**
     * \brief The TMC reader identifier.
     */
    ByteVector d_tmcIdentifier;
};
}

#endif


Talking to the media outside Adiala Jail on Friday, he said that the PML-N is striving for the release of all workers.

To a question why Nawaz Sharif refused a meeting with Ch Nisar, the former minister said that only Ch Nisar could tell about it. “The people have rejected Ch Nisar in the election results,” he said.

He said that no decision has yet been made on the presidential candidate. “However, consultations with allied parties are going on in this regard.”

Pervaiz Rashid was of the view that it will be good if the opposition agrees on a candidate.

When asked whether the PML-N will support Aitzaz Ahsan as the presidential candidate, he said that they will consider his name if he comes to Adiala Jail and seeks apology from Nawaz Sharif for his words.


Q:

Find the adjoint operator of $T(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)=(\sum_{n=2}^\infty x_n, x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots)$ in $\ell^1$.

Find the adjoint operator of $T(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)=(\sum_{n=2}^\infty x_n, x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots)$ in $\ell^1$.

I know that the dual space of $\ell^1$ is $\ell^\infty$ and thus $T^*$ should map from $\ell^\infty$ to $\ell^\infty$.
Then I try to see what $T^*$ does to any $a \in \ell^\infty$. $T^*a=aT$ by the definition of adjoint operators in Banach spaces.
However, what I want to know is the element to which $T^*$ maps $a$. I don't know how to play with it to find the adjoint.

A:

Let $x\in l^1, y \in l^\infty$, then
$$\langle Tx, y \rangle = \langle (\sum_{n=2} x_n, x_1, x_2, \cdots ), (y_1,y_2,\cdots) \rangle $$
$$ = y_1 \sum_{n=2} x_n  + x_1 y_2 + \cdots$$
$$ = x_1 y_2 + x_2(y_1+y_3) + x_3 (y_1 + y_4) + \cdots$$
$$ = \langle (x_1 , x_2, \cdots), (y_2, y_1+y_3 , y_1+y_4 , +\cdots )\rangle$$
Hence
$$T^*(y_1, y_2, y_3, \cdots) = (y_2, y_1+y_3, y_1+y_4, \dots)$$


Targeted therapy in metastatic renal carcinoma.
Advanced renal cell carcinoma is one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The development of new targeted therapy was result of understanding biological pathways underlying renal cell carcinoma. Our objective is to provide an overview of current therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. MEDLINE/PUBMED was queried in December 2012 to identify abstracts, original and review articles. The research was conducted using the following words: "metastatic renal cell carcinoma" and "target therapy". Phase II and Phase III clinical trials were included followed FDA approval. Total of 40 studies were eligible for review. The result of this review shows benefit of these target drugs in tumor burden, increase progression-free and overall survival and improvement the quality of life compared with previous toxic immunotherapy, although complete response remains rare.


Katy Birchall announces the winners of Country Life’s 2017 Gentleman of the Year Awards.

First place: Colin Firth

Charming, self-effacing and unfailingly polite, our 2017 Gentleman of the Year continues to navigate fame and success with modesty, good humour and courtesy. Often hailed as the quintessential on-screen gentleman – his name is synonymous with Mr Darcy’s and there is no one better suited for the role of a stylish, authoritative Kingsman spy – it is his off-screen reputation that has caught our attention.

The recipient of glowing reviews from fellow cast members, make-up artists and set runners, he’s never been a fan of talking about himself and, thanks to a certain wet-shirt-in-the-lake scene, he’s spent the past 22 years sheepishly brushing aside his global heartthrob status.

He’s devoted to his family (earlier this year, he applied for and was granted dual citizenship, so that he could have the same passports as his Italian wife and children) and he shows a level of commitment to charitable projects that is rare in the glitzy world of celebrity endorsement. As well as his dedication to Oxfam and Amnesty International, he also helped to launch Progreso, the world’s first chain of fair-trade coffee shops, and was consequently awarded several philanthropy and humanitarian awards – not that he’d ever mention any of those, of course.

As if all that wasn’t enough to convince us he’s a worthy winner, when asked by a journalist to describe the modern gentleman, he replied that he doesn’t consider himself to have any authority on the matter, but that he thinks it’s something to do with kindness. Mr Darcy, who?

Second place : John Timpson

A remarkable, no-nonsense businessman, this cobbler knows exactly what it means to put yourself in someone else’s shoes. Our judges were bowled over by his extraordinary generosity and empathetic nature, qualities that have gained the Timpson chief executive a reputation as a paternalistic employer. His ‘Dreams Come True’ programme rewards an employee each month and has paid for operations and weddings, as well as recently flying a staff member out to Barbados, where she was reunited with her father after 13 years apart.

A pioneer of giving people that crucial second chance, his policy of hiring directly from prisons means former offenders make up 10% of his workforce and, along with his late wife, Alex, he has fostered more than 90 children and adopted two. An immensely charming man who never loses his temper, he may be in the business of mending broken soles, but he won’t give up on lost souls, either, landing him firmly in our runner-up spot.

Third place: Jonathan Agnew

As comforting and familiar as your favourite armchair on a lazy Sunday afternoon, the BBC cricket correspondent has been so successful at charming the nation from the commentary box that it’s easy to forget he once played for England himself.

Through his warmth, wit and extensive knowledge, Aggers has become a source of national pride, scoring legions of fans that loyally tune in to Test Match Special (TMS) whether they’re interested in cricket or not – his humorous digressions about sunsets, spongecakes and kippers are like listening to an old friend rambling on in the pub.

His endearing sense of fun and fondness for pranks often has listeners in stitches – the famous 1991 broadcast in which he and Brian Johnston dissolved into infectious laughter, following his comment that Ian Botham hit the stumps because he ‘didn’t quite get his leg over’, gave all of Britain the giggles. TMS would be lost without him and, quite frankly, so would we.

The runners up

Rod Stewart

‘A gentleman should be able to laugh at himself,’ says judge Andrew Love and, in the new world of clean-cut YouTube popstars droning on about the benefits of steamed kale and organic hair gel, this rock icon injects a much-needed sense of fun. Notoriously cheerful and kind at heart, he puts journalists at ease and is a devoted father to eight children. If in doubt, just ask his exes – he’s on good terms with all of them.

Matt Baker

Whether he’s talking to his enraptured audience from a stack of hay bales in muddied wellies or from a green studio sofa in a crisply ironed shirt, there is no denying the Countryfile and The One Show host’s good nature and captivating passion for what he does – his soaring ratings speak for themselves. To put it simply, he’s terribly nice.

Nicholas Parsons

He’s never missed an episode of Just a Minute and, at 94 years old, the charismatic presenter is still a class-act entertainer. He’s a stickler for manners and refuses to say a bad word about anyone, even his stalker – ‘it may be old-school, but I think everyone deserves respect,’ he has said.

David Gandy

Model, fashion designer, columnist, entrepreneur and philanthropist: is there anything he can’t do? Even if there is, he wouldn’t be afraid to try – a gentleman, he once said, understands that more is achieved through failure than success. Shy, well-mannered and hard-working, he sealed his place on our shortlist when he admitted that he likes cats, but dogs will always have the edge.

David Dimbleby

Coming out tops in our inaugural 2014 Gentleman of the Year Awards, the Question Time host and General Election presenter is a model of courtesy and a fountain of knowledge. Earlier this year, he proved a gentleman can be full of surprises when he enthusiastically performed an Eminem-inspired rap about Brexit.

Nicholas Coleridge

Despite a hectic schedule, the chairman of Condé Nast Britain and the V&A will make time for everyone, from editors to interns – there’s no whiff of pretentiousness here. Charismatic and mischievous, his thoughtful and amusing thank-you letters are second to none and pride won’t stop him from giving credit where it’s due – he loves Country Life and isn’t afraid to say so.

Sir David Tang

He was due to take a place at the judging table for these awards, so the Country Life team and fellow judges were left bereft at the news of Sir David’s death this summer. The prominent entrepreneur was well known for his lively spirit, intelligence, generosity and extensive charitable work. The chief executive officer of Fortnum & Mason, Ewan Venters, spoke for everyone when he said that, without Sir David, the ‘world is a little duller’. A gentleman to the last.


Will you sign or do you intend to sign the London Cycling Campaign’s manifesto detailing 10 demands for the planned cycle super-highways, which the campaign group worry will not live up to the standards you originally promised


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    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>World Wind</title>
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An hour into Her I was a mess. Though many have complained that they found it hard to empathize with the human-operating system relationship the movie depicts, I found the film all too real because it embodied the worst parts of a long distance relationship. From the little miscommunications that come from not being able to see your partner’s face to struggling to overcome the impossibility of physical intimacy to the panic that strikes when a call goes unanswered — they were all familiar problems.

So I couldn’t help but cry as I watched the movie while sitting next to my boyfriend who lives 2500 miles away from me. In an increasingly global job market, more relationships have to go the distance, but, friends assured me, it was easier than ever thanks to technology. Before he moved, we had joked that those iPhone commercials showing couples sharing intimate moments as they FaceTime from opposite ends of the world would be our lives. But after many months of anxiously glancing at my phone during work or dinners with friends to see if boyfriend was texting me, I realized that the devices and apps that were supposed to bring us closer together were actually driving us apart.

Of course there are ways technology has made long distance relationships much more manageable. I can call my boyfriend every day without having to worry about massive phone bills. When something good or bad happens at work, I can notify him immediately by texting him. I see a food truck we love by my apartment, I Snapchat it to him. If I want to see his face, we can use Skype or Google Hangout or FaceTime. If I want to know what articles he is reading, I can look at his Twitter. If I want know what the road trip he went on yesterday was like, I can stalk his Instagram. Soon, when he finally gets Spotify, he’ll be able to share playlists with me, and I’ll be able to spam him with Beyoncé songs.

We watch movies and TV shows together, messaging each other “I told you so” when a plot twist is revealed or our favorite emoticons when the guy ends up with the right girl. (We were watching episodes of Sports Night simultaneously long before the New York Times dubbed the practice sync-watching.)

It’s unimaginable to me that my dad had to sit by a landline waiting for my mother to call him at a specified time when they were dating long distance.

But my generation’s hyper-connectivity is a double-edged sword. Sometimes my boyfriend and I don’t know what to say to each other on the phone at the end of the night. He already knows the stories I’ve written that day because I’ve tweeted them. I know what new quote they posted on his quote board at work because it popped up on Facebook.

And the blurry, jerky, pausing unreality of video chat only makes you yearn for real-life interactions all the more. Video cameras and phones can’t always capture laughter, smirks or sighs of frustration. A joke becomes a fight because the tone of a text is misinterpreted. Long silences after arguments can’t be broken by reaching across the table and holding the person’s hand. And eventually you have to shut off the phone or computer and must confront the fact that you can’t feel his arm around you as you drift off to sleep.

So in some ways I envy my parents who were far enough away from one another to form separate lives. They didn’t feel guilty when they missed a text or let down when a Snapchat went unopened. Being so close digitally only widens the gap between my boyfriend and me.

And I’m not alone. Young couples are operating in a competitive, geographically diffuse job market that makes it hard to give up a good opportunity. A month before my boyfriend moved to the other side of the country, he rationally pointed out that this could happen to us at any point in our lives: one person has to move for a job, and the other person either has to stay put or go with him. For us, it was happening shortly after graduation from college, but for others a long distance separation could come years into a relationship or even a marriage. An estimated 75 percent of college students have engaged in a long distance love at one point or another, and about three million American adults in relationships live apart.

It’s one of the many reasons Americans are waiting longer to marry, according to research by Jeffrey Arnett, a professor of psychology at Clark University: men want a partnership with equals and therefore want women to pursue their own career goals. That unfortunately means more geographically-challenged relationships. And we’re not talking measly one-year separations. A recent Wall Street Journal article tells the tale of a couple that spent the better part of five years in a long distance relationship as they pursued their separate degrees and careers. They planned visits around their separate lives, probably in a Google Cal — another modern invention that’s made relationships simpler.

Luckily, it’s not all bad news. A study from Cornell published in June found that couples in long-distance relationships feel more intimate with their partners than those who live in the same area. They value what little time they have together — during visits or over the phone — so greatly that they optimize those moments emotionally. I find this is especially true towards the end of a visit when you want to savor every moment, memorize every freckle on the other person’s face — any memory you can cling to until the next visit. According to the study, long-distance lovers were also more accepting of their partners’ behaviors and felt more committed to each other.

The international job market will test more and more relationships in the years to come, so the information from the Cornell study is heartening. But the positive aspects of long-distance all seem to be based on how little couples see one another. If we reach a point, like in Her, where we can be connected to our partner at all times through an earpiece like the one Theodore Twombly wears or — more realistically — through messaging and social media, the benefits of being apart may be lost. Yes, demands at our respective work places keep us from emailing all day; but it’s easy to imagine that won’t always be the case as socializing online becomes easier to hide and young workers become more proficient at multi-tasking.

So before you become too connected to your long-distance lover, consider the value of space. The illusion of togetherness can be masochistic. Hold out for the real thing the next time he visits. Clichés exist for a reason, which is why I have “distance makes the heart grow fonder” written on a post-it in my desk.

Write to Eliana Dockterman at eliana.dockterman@time.com.


Interactions of saruplase with acetylsalicylic acid, heparin, glyceryl trinitrate, tranexamic acid and aprotinin in a rabbit pulmonary thrombosis model.
In anesthetized rabbits with pulmonary embolized thrombi the interactions of saruplase (recombinant unglycosylated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator, CAS 99149-95-8) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin, GTN), heparin, and the antifibrinolytics tranexamic acid and aprotinin have been studied. Lysis rates were evaluated as reduction of the weight and as reduction of the incorporated 125J-fibrin content of the embolized thrombi. In untreated controls the spontaneous 125J-fibrinolysis was 8.3 +/- 0.7% and the thrombus weight was reduced by 55.3 +/- 4.5% (mainly due to loss of H2O) at 195 min after the thromboembolization. Infusion of saruplase (21.5 micrograms/kg.min) for 60 min significantly increased the 125J-fibrinolysis to 36.8 +/- 3.7% and the reduction of the thrombus weight to 69.9 +/- 2.1%. ASA (50 mg/kg p.o.) by itself did not exert a lytic effect; in combination with saruplase ASA insignificantly augmented the 125J-fibrinolysis rate and significantly further increased the thrombus weight reduction. GTN (5.0 micrograms/kg.min i.v.) neither influenced the spontaneous nor the saruplase-mediated lysis rates. Treatment with heparin (200 IU/kg i.v.-bolus plus 50 IU/kg.min i.v.-infusion) resulted in significant greater thrombus weight reduction than observed in untreated controls; in combination with saruplase heparin significantly intensified the lytic effect. Tranexamic acid (30 mg/kg i.v.) and aprotinin (30.10(3) KIU/kg i.v.) completely abrogated the lytic effect of saruplase. Treatment with saruplase alone produced an insignificant decrease of the plasma level of fibrinogen by 23% to 200 +/- 20 mg/dl. ASA, GTN and aprotinin did not influence this slight fibrinogenolysis in saruplase-treated animals. A slight decrease of plasma fibrinogen levels was observed by heparin, whereas the decrease by tranexamic acid was significant.


Q:

Trouble parsing a delimited string in php

I'm extracting values from a delimited string that usually has the form:
valueA|valueB|valueC
Where '|' is a delimiter.
In this simple case, I'm just using explode to extract the separate values. However, sometimes the string will have brackets, where any characters including '|' can be between those brackets. For example:
valueA|valueB[any characters including '|']|valueC
How can I parse this string to reliably extract the three separate values (valueA, valueB[any characters including '|'], valueC). I'm pretty sure a regex is my best bet, but I haven't been able to figure it out.
Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

A:

Per the comments to the question, you have the ability to change the format. That being the case, one small adjustment will have you rolling. Since it's character-delimited, you're essentially working with a CSV file. Conventionally, CSV functionality allows you to enclose the data values in quotes between the delimiters. That way, if your delimiter character occurs within a piece of data, it will be parsed simply as part of the data string and not mistaken for a delimiter.
That's how spreadsheets work -- the delimiter is usually a comma or tab, but fields can still have commas/tabs in them because they're enclosed in quotes. Those quotes are part of the standard CSV format, and PHP's CSV functions recognize them.
As a simple illustration, your old strings:
valueA|valueB|valueC
valueA|valueB[any characters including '|']|valueC

would then be this:
"valueA"|"valueB"|"valueC"
"valueA"|"valueB[any characters including '|']"|"valueC"

See how the StackOverflow syntax highlighter catches that above? :-)
There are PHP functions for both reading and writing CSV formats like this.
Writing CSV from an array of fields: fputcsv() (to a file descriptor)
Reading CSV into an array: fgetcsv() (from a file) or str_getcsv() (from a string, new in 5.3)
Default assumes that the delimiter is a comma and enclosure is a double quote, but you can optionally specify any character (such as '|') for those tasks.


430 F.3d 929
UNITED STATES FIDELITY & GUARANTEE INSURANCE COMPANY; Catherine L. Rootness, Trustee for the Heirs and Next of Kin of Brent A. Hincher, deceased; Payless Cashways, Inc., d/b/a/ Knox Lumber Company, Appellants,v.COMMERCIAL UNION MIDWEST INSURANCE COMPANY; American Employers' Insurance Company, Appellees.
No. 04-1826.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted: March 18, 2005.
Filed: December 7, 2005.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED Gregory J. Johnson, argued, St. Paul, MN, for appellant.
Megan D. Hafner, argued, Minneapolis, MN, for appellee.
Before MURPHY, HANSEN, and SMITH, Circuit Judges.
HANSEN, Circuit Judge.

1
This case involves a dispute between insurance companies over whose policy covers Payless Cashways, Inc.'s (Payless) liability related to the tragic death of Brent A. Hincher, who was killed during a work accident on Payless's premises. The district court granted summary judgment to Commercial Union Midwest Insurance Company (CU) and American Employers' Insurance Company (AE), finding that Payless was not insured under AE's policy and that CU's policy provided only excess insurance after United States Fidelity and Guarantee Insurance Company's (USF & G) primary coverage was exhausted. The plaintiffs appeal the district court's judgment granting summary judgment to CU, and we reverse and remand for further proceedings.1

I.

2
Payless contracted with KamCo Inc. to install lighting displays and to perform re-merchandising work at Payless's stores, including one in Newport, Minnesota. The late Mr. Hincher worked for KamCo and was performing re-merchandising work in Payless's Newport store when a display fell, killing him. Catherine L. Rootness, Hincher's widow and trustee for the heirs and next of kin of Hincher, commenced a wrongful death action on behalf of Hincher's estate against Payless in 1998. Payless filed a third-party claim against KamCo, asserting that KamCo was liable under the Payless-KamCo re-merchandising contract to defend and indemnify Payless for any liability related to the accident. KamCo had a commercial general liability (CGL) policy with AE and an umbrella policy with CU. Payless carried its own excess liability policy with USF & G.

3
Payless and KamCo disagreed about whether their contract included an indemnity agreement, the terms of which were contained in an unsigned Supplementary Terms and Conditions Agreement (Supplementary Agreement). In addition to the indemnity provisions, the Supplementary Agreement required KamCo to provide and maintain $2 million worth of CGL insurance and to name Payless as an additional insured. In June 1999, Payless and KamCo entered into a stipulation, in which they agreed to allow the district court to determine whether their agreement included the Supplementary Agreement. The court ultimately found that the Supplementary Agreement was part of the contract between Payless and KamCo. Payless agreed in the stipulation to waive its claim against KamCo for Payless's defense costs in the underlying wrongful death suit. The parties also agreed that KamCo was obligated to indemnify Payless under the indemnity agreement only for fault attributable to KamCo; KamCo was not obligated to indemnify Payless for Payless's own negligence.

4
After the court determined that the Supplementary Agreement was part of the re-merchandising contract, Payless's insurer, USF & G, tendered Payless's defense of the wrongful death lawsuit to KamCo's insurers, CU and AE, pursuant to Payless's status as an additional insured under KamCo's CGL policies. Both insurers refused the tender. Rootness settled the claim with KamCo, whereby AE paid $500,000 to Rootness on KamCo's behalf under the CGL policy that AE had issued to KamCo.

5
The case proceeded to trial where a jury awarded total damages of $1.2 million, apportioning fault as follows: 22% to KamCo, 60% to Payless, and 18% to the decedent, Mr. Hincher. Rootness received a judgment against Payless for $720,000 based on Payless's 60% share of the fault. During Rootness's appeal of the jury verdict to this court, Rootness settled the claims with Payless and its insurer, USF & G, for $950,000, which was paid as $750,000 in cash from USF & G and $200,0002 in Payless stock. CU and AE refused to participate in the settlement negotiations on Payless's behalf or contribute toward the settlement.

6
Following the settlement, Rootness, Payless, and USF & G commenced this action to recover the amounts paid by or on behalf of Payless, as well as the defense costs, from CU and AE.3 The parties filed cross motions for summary judgment, and the district court granted summary judgment to AE and CU. The district court found that Payless was not insured under AE's policy because, even though KamCo was contractually obligated to add Payless as an additional insured under its CGL policies, KamCo had failed to notify AE and pay the required $50 premium for adding additional insureds to AE's policy.

7
CU's policy definition of additional insureds was broader than AE's policy, extending insured status to "any person or organization with whom or with which [KamCo] ha[d] agreed in writing prior to any loss, `occurrence' or `offense' to provide insurance such as is afforded by this policy, but only with respect to [KamCo's] operations or facilities [KamCo] own[ed] or use[d]." (Appellants' App. at 172, Section II.) The policy defined an "insured" as "any person or organization qualifying as such under SECTION II-WHO IS AN INSURED." (Id. at 175.) For purposes of summary judgment, CU agreed that Payless was an additional insured under this provision of CU's policy. The district court determined that CU and USF & G both provided excess insurance, that their "other insurance" provisions conflicted, and that USF & G's policy should provide primary coverage as it was closer to the risk. In the district court's view, because USF & G's policy limits exceeded the $750,000 it had paid to the estate, CU's "secondary" excess coverage was never triggered. The district court also concluded that Payless was self-insured to the extent of the $200,000 SIR in the USF & G policy and that the self-insurance was "other insurance" that was primary to CU's excess coverage, such that CU was not liable for the first $200,000 of liability not covered by the USF & G policy. Finally, the district court found that CU was not obligated to pay the defense fees for either the underlying wrongful death lawsuit or the current lawsuit. The plaintiffs appeal the district court's ruling to the extent that it dismissed their claims against CU.

II.

8
We review the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Summary judgment is appropriate if there are no genuine issues of material fact to be decided, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Dowdle v. Nat'l Life Ins. Co., 407 F.3d 967, 970 (8th Cir.2005); Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The parties agree that Minnesota law applies to this diversity action. The interpretation of insurance policies is a legal issue for the court to determine. Dowdle, 407 F.3d at 970.

9
The parties agree that Payless is insured under CU's policy as an additional insured. The CU and the USF & G policies both provide coverage for Payless's own liability resulting from Mr. Hincher's accident. When two policies provide coverage for the same incident, the question of which policy provides primary coverage is a legal determination that we make by looking to the language of the policies at issue. See Christensen v. Milbank Ins. Co., 658 N.W.2d 580, 587 (Minn.2003). Minnesota courts determine the order of coverage by looking to the priority rules contained in each policy, generally found in the policies' "other insurance" provisions. See N. Star Mut. Ins. Co. v. Midwest Family Mut. Ins. Co., 634 N.W.2d 216, 222 (Minn.Ct.App.2001). If the "other insurance" clauses contained in the applicable policies conflict, then the court looks beyond the language of the policies and assigns primary coverage to the policy that more closely contemplated the risk. Christensen, 658 N.W.2d at 587. Where the policies equally contemplate the risk, Minnesota courts pro rate the loss among the applicable policies. See Cargill, Inc. v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 889 F.2d 174, 179-80 (8th Cir.1989) (applying Minnesota law and apportioning liability based on the proportion that each insurer's policy limit bears to the total available insurance limits).

10
The district court first determined that the "other insurance" clauses conflicted, and then went on to determine that USF & G's policy was closer to the risk of loss stemming from Mr. Hincher's death. The CU policy contained an "other insurance" clause which provided in part: "If there is other insurance, other than as provided above, which applies to the loss, we pay only for the excess of the amount due from such other insurance, whether collectible or not." (Appellants' App. at 180.) USF & G's policy likewise contained an "other insurance" clause that provided: "This insurance is excess over other insurance whether primary, excess, contingent or on any other basis, except other such insurance purchased specifically to apply in excess of this insurance." (Id. at 208.) "Other insurance" provisions contained in two different policies conflict if "`the apportionment among the companies cannot be made without violating the other insurance clause of at least one company.'" Christensen, 658 N.W.2d at 587 (quoting Integrity Mut. Ins. Co. v. State Auto. & Cas. Underwriters Ins. Co., 307 Minn. 173, 239 N.W.2d 445, 446 (1976)). The clauses at issue here conflict as both policies purport to provide excess coverage where another policy applies to the loss, and application of each policy's "other insurance" provision would preclude coverage by either. See N. Star Mut. Ins. Co., 634 N.W.2d at 222 ("Because each policy's `other insurance' clause provided for coverage only after all other applicable insurance coverage was exhausted, the clauses conflict."). We, like the district court, proceed to determine which policy more closely contemplated the risk.

11
Minnesota courts apply two different tests in apportioning liability between insurers when the other insurance clauses conflict: the "total policy insuring intent" analysis or the "closer to the risk" analysis. The "total policy insuring intent" analysis is a broader test and "examines the primary policy risks upon which each policy's premiums were based and the primary function of each policy." CPT Corp. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 515 N.W.2d 747, 751 (Minn.Ct.App.1994). In assessing which policy is closer to a given risk, Minnesota courts consider three specific questions:

12
(1) Which policy specifically described the accident-causing instrumentality? (2) Which premium is reflective of the greater contemplated exposure? (3) Does one policy contemplate the risk and use [of] the accident-causing instrumentality with greater specificity than the other policy-that is, is coverage of the risk primary in one policy and incidental to the other?

13
Ed Kraemer & Sons, Inc. v. Transit Cas. Co., 402 N.W.2d 216, 222 (Minn.Ct.App.1987) (internal marks omitted). The tests are similar, though application of the total policy insuring intent analysis is less mechanical than the closer to the risk analysis.

14
The district court found that USF & G's policy was closer to the risk primarily because Payless paid a premium to USF & G specifically to cover Payless's negligence, whereas CU received no additional premium to cover Payless's negligence. The district court also made much of the fact that the liability at issue was solely that of Payless as determined by the jury's apportionment of 60% of the fault to Payless, and the parties agreed that KamCo was obligated to indemnify Payless under the Supplementary Agreement only for any fault attributed to KamCo. We respectfully believe the district court erroneously relied on these facts in applying the closer to the risk analysis.

15
Although KamCo's liability under the indemnity agreement was limited to the fault attributable to KamCo, CU's insurance policy does not so limit CU's policy's coverage of Payless. The CU policy covers "any . . . organization with . . . which [KamCo] ha[s] agreed in writing . . . to provide insurance such as is afforded by this [CU] policy, but only with respect to [KamCo's] operations." (Appellants' App. at 172.) Minnesota courts have held in similar circumstances that as long as there is a but-for causation between the loss and the named insured's operations, the "additional insured" coverage provides coverage for the additional insured's own liability, irrespective of any limitations of liability between the named insured and the additional insured. See Andrew L. Youngquist, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 625 N.W.2d 178, 183-84 (Minn.Ct.App.2001). The loss at issue here clearly has a but-for connection to KamCo's operations; Mr. Hincher, a KamCo employee, would not have been killed on Payless's premises if KamCo had not been performing its obligations under the contract. Having satisfied the contingencies of the policy, CU's policy provides coverage for Payless's liability arising from its own fault regardless of KamCo's indemnity agreement. The district court erred in relying on the allocation of fault by the jury because "[t]he closeness to the risk test is separate from any dispute among defendants as to whose actions negligently contributed to the accident." See Ed Kraemer & Sons, Inc., 402 N.W.2d at 222 (reversing district court's allocation of the risk and noting that it was "disturbed by this focus on Kraemer's potential negligence").

16
Considering the closer to the risk analysis, we find the test to be of little guidance. Neither policy specifically describes the accident-causing instrumentality, in this case, the display being installed at Payless's store. USF & G's policy is an "excess general liability" policy and provides that it "will pay `ultimate net loss' . . . because of `bodily injury' . . . to which this insurance applies caused by an `occurrence' that takes place in the `coverage territory.'" (Appellants' App. at 189.) "Ultimate net loss" is defined as "those sums that the insured [Payless] becomes legally obligated to pay as damages." (Id. at 200.) As it is titled, the USF & G policy provides excess general liability coverage to Payless for its "Building Supplies" business. (Id. at 188.) The loss at issue occurred in the course of Payless's business of "Building Supplies" to the extent that Payless was changing the display of those building supplies.

17
CU's policy is equally general. CU agreed to "pay those sums that the `insured' becomes legally obligated to pay as damages. . . because of `bodily injury' . . . to which this insurance applies." (Id. at 168.) Thus, the CU policy covers those sums that Payless becomes legally obligated to pay because of bodily injury. The insurance applies to Payless as an "additional insured," "but only with respect to [KamCo's] operations" (id. at 172), which include hanging display services (id. at 166). The loss at issue here was incurred with respect to KamCo's operations of hanging displays. Thus, the risk was also contemplated by CU's policy, but not with any specificity.

18
Although KamCo paid a flat-rate premium for CU's coverage, the policy clearly contemplated that CU would be providing coverage to other entities with which KamCo contracted to provide coverage as additional insureds without requiring an additional premium to cover the additional insured. The Supreme Court of Minnesota has noted the "long-standing practice in the construction industry by which the parties to a subcontract. . . agree that one party would protect `others' involved in the performance of the construction project." Holmes v. Watson-Forsberg Co., 488 N.W.2d 473, 475 (Minn.1992) (explaining the Minnesota legislature's actions in prohibiting indemnity agreements in construction contracts that indemnify a party from its own negligence, Minn.Stat. § 337.02, but allowing one party to provide insurance that covers the other party's negligence, Minn.Stat. § 337.05). That CU did not charge an additional premium to add additional insureds under its policy does not change the clear import of its policy that provides coverage to additional insureds. Presumably, CU considered the risk posed by including additional insureds within its policy coverage when it set its rate and issued the policy at the flat-rate premium. Cf. Presley Homes, Inc. v. Am. States Ins. Co., 90 Cal.App.4th 571, 108 Cal.Rptr.2d 686, 691 (2001) ("If, as defendant asserts, it simply provided the additional insured endorsements without increasing the amount of the subcontractors' premiums, that still would not affect a covered party's reliance on the policies' language and the nature of the activity covered by them.").

19
Although Payless paid a much larger premium for its policy with USF & G ($614,000) than KamCo paid for its policy with CU ($3,736), those are the total premiums paid for two policies that covered widely divergent risks. Neither policy required or stated a premium specifically for the loss at issue here. KamCo's premium was a one-year flat-rate premium, and its coverage explicitly contemplated "additional insureds" similar to Payless for risks stemming from KamCo's operations. Payless's premium was based on a percentage of Payless's receipts over a two-year period, which were estimated at $5.2 billion dollars, and appeared to cover all of Payless's stores throughout the country. Thus, the premium sizes do not reflect that USF & G contemplated the specific risk of Mr. Hincher's death, an employee of a subcontractor installing displays at one of Payless's stores, any more than CU's policy contemplated that risk, which involved an employee of CU's named insured injured in the course of the named insured's business. The third factor of the closer to the risk test adds little to our analysis, as neither policy specifically contemplated the risk or the instrumentality at issue here, so neither one can be said to have provided primary rather than incidental coverage for the loss. Cf. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA v. Republic Underwriters Ins. Co., 429 N.W.2d 695, 697 (Minn.Ct.App.1988) (concluding that a liability policy issued to a daycare provider for her business provided primary coverage for an injury to a child in the daycare over the daycare provider's homeowner's policy because the liability policy specifically described the type of risk involved).

20
We turn then to application of the "total policy insuring intent" analysis, which focuses on the primary risks and functions of each policy. Our review of each policy under this analysis convinces us that the loss here should be shared pro rata. Both policies provide general liability coverage rather than coverage for a specific risk or instrumentality. Cf. Redeemer Covenant Church of Brooklyn Park v. Church Mut. Ins. Co., 567 N.W.2d 71, 80-81 (Minn.Ct.App.1997) (holding that a professional liability policy provided primary coverage over a general liability policy for acts committed by a pastor during counseling sessions); Interstate Fire & Cas. Co. v. Auto-Owners Ins. Co., 433 N.W.2d 82, 86 (Minn.1988) (holding that a school's excess policy was primary over a student's homeowner's policy for injuries to the student during physical education class). The primary risks contemplated by the USF & G policy are broad, covering all of Payless's stores nationwide for any liability Payless incurs related to its business of supplying building supplies. The risk that a subcontractor will get injured installing displays for the building supplies is contemplated by that policy, though it is by no means expressly contemplated. CU's policy provides general liability coverage to KamCo for liability arising from KamCo's operations of providing hanging display services, including providing coverage to additional insureds for which KamCo provides these services. We believe that each policy provides broad coverage, and each policy equally contemplated the loss at issue here.

21
Having decided that each policy provides pro rata coverage, we must address the issue of the first $200,000 of liability, as Payless's policy with USF & G contains a self-insured retention of that amount applicable to this claim. The district court concluded that Payless was self-insured for that amount, and that the self-insurance was "other insurance" within the meaning of CU's "other insurance" clause, such that Payless's self-insurance was primary over CU's excess coverage for the first $200,000 for which USF & G is not liable. Although Minnesota courts have found certificates of self-insurance4 to constitute "insurance" in the context of automobile insurance and compulsory liability insurance statutes, see McClain v. Begley, 465 N.W.2d 680, 682 (Minn.1991) (holding that "[t]he certificate [of self-insurance] filed with the commissioner is the functional equivalent of an insurance policy" for purposes of Minnesota's no-fault statutes, Minn.Stat. § 65B.49, subd. 3(1) (2002)), we do not believe that those cases dictate a finding that Payless's SIR under its USF & G policy is "other insurance" for purposes of allocating coverage for Payless's liability. The self-insurance involved in those cases was approved by the Minnesota legislature as an alternative to statutorily-mandated automobile insurance coverage. The plan of self-insurance must meet statutory requirements before it is approved and a certificate is issued. See Minn.Stat. § 65B.48, subd. 1 (2002) (requiring every automobile owner to maintain "a plan of reparation security under provisions approved by the commissioner"); § 65B.48, subd. 3 (listing requirements for self-insurance); § 65B.43, subd. 9 (defining "Reparation obligor" as "an insurer or self-insurer obligated to provide the benefits required by [Minnesota's No-Fault Automobile Insurance Act]" (emphasis added)); Hertz Corp. v. State Farm Mut. Ins. Co., 573 N.W.2d 686, 688 (Minn.1998) (noting that Minnesota's no-fault automobile statute requires a self-insurer to obtain authorization from the commissioner of commerce to operate as a self-insurer). Self-insurance in that context is statutorily-defined to equate to insurance only because the Minnesota legislature has decided to allow entities to meet their statutory obligation to provide no-fault automobile insurance with self-insurance if specific requirements are met. No Minnesota case suggests that self-insurance is the equivalent of insurance outside the context of no-fault legislation.

22
"The interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law as applied to the facts presented. . . . When insurance policy language is clear and unambiguous, `the language used must be given its usual and accepted meaning.'" State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Tenn. Farmers Mut. Ins. Co., 645 N.W.2d 169, 175 (Minn.Ct.App.2002) (internal citations omitted). The term "insurance" generally does not include a SIR under an insurance policy. Compare Black's Law Dictionary 814 (8th ed.2004) (defining "insurance" as "[a] contract by which one party (the insurer) undertakes to indemnify another party (the insured) against risk of loss, damage, or liability arising from the occurrence of some specified contingency") with Black's Law Dictionary 1391 (8th ed.2004) (defining "self-insured retention" as "[t]he amount of an otherwise-covered loss that is not covered by an insurance policy and that usually must be paid before the insurer will pay benefits"). "A majority of jurisdictions across the nation subscribe to the . . . view of self-insurance as `not insurance' in, inter alia, an `other insurance' context." Consolidated Edison Co. of N.Y., Inc. v. Liberty Mut., 193 Misc.2d 399, 749 N.Y.S.2d 402, 404 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.2002) (collecting cases). If CU intended its "other insurance" clause to apply to self-insurance or self-insured retentions included within other insurance policies, it could have so stated in its "other insurance" clause, but it did not. Cf. Redeemer Covenant Church of Brooklyn Park, 567 N.W.2d at 79 (construing policy that stated that its coverage was "excess over and above any other valid and collectible insurance (including any deductible portion) or agreement of indemnity, available to the insured" (emphasis added)); Nabisco, Inc. v. Transp. Indem. Co., 143 Cal.App.3d 831, 192 Cal.Rptr. 207, 208-09 (1983) (finding self-insurance to be "other insurance" where policy explicitly stated that its coverage was excess if there was "other insurance or self-insurance" (emphasis added)).

23
The SIR in this case is nothing more than a large deductible. Payless did not hold itself out to the world as a self-insurer but merely contracted with USF & G for a reduced premium by agreeing to a larger SIR. If Payless had no insurance at all it could be said to be "self-insured" in that it would be responsible for its own liability. CU does not purport that in that circumstance Payless's actual uninsured but allegedly "self-insured" status would be "other insurance" within the meaning of its "other insurance" clause. Rather, CU would be liable for the full amount of Payless's liability as the only insurer. In fact, during oral argument, CU's counsel agreed that if we determined that CU provided primary coverage and USF & G provided excess coverage, then the $200,000 SIR was no longer at issue. If the SIR truly was self-insurance as CU wants to define that term, then the SIR would arguably be primary regardless of what we determined USF & G's coverage to be. CU's concession cements our conclusion that the SIR is nothing more than a deductible contracted between Payless and USF & G. Because the SIR contained in the USF & G policy is not "other insurance" within the meaning of CU's "other insurance" clause, CU's policy provides the only insurance coverage for the first $200,000 of Payless's liability (subject of course to the $10,000 SIR in CU's own policy). See Cargill, Inc., 889 F.2d at 180 (applying Minnesota law and holding that, up to the higher deductible contained in one of two applicable insurance policies, only one insurance policy provided coverage so that its "other insurance" clause was not triggered); cf. Wallace v. Tri-State Ins. Co. of Minn., 302 N.W.2d 337, 340-41 (Minn.1980) (holding that the excess carrier was liable only for the insured's deductible, which was not covered by the primary insurer).

24
The district court determined that CU was not obligated to pay any defense costs because USF & G provided primary coverage and CU's excess policy was never required to contribute toward the settlement, as the settlement was less than USF & G's policy limits. CU's policy included a "duty to defend any claim or `suit' seeking damages to which this insurance applies, but only with respect to damages . . . [n]ot covered by `underlying insurance' or by any other valid and collectible insurance." (Appellants' App. at 168.) Having determined that CU's insurance applies to the underlying lawsuit and that a portion of the damages from the lawsuit are "[n]ot covered by any other valid and collectible insurance," we leave to the district court to address issues of defense costs in the first instance on remand.5

III.

25
We hold that because the self-insured retention under the USF & G policy is not "other insurance," Commercial Union's policy provides coverage for the first $200,000 of Payless's liability, and further, that the policies equally contemplated the risk. Accordingly, the insurers should pro rate the balance of the settlement. The district court's judgment granting summary judgment in favor of Commercial Union is reversed, and the case is remanded to the district court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

Notes:

1
 The appellants do not appeal the district court's ruling that Payless was not insured under AE's policy

2
 As discussed in more detailinfra, Payless had a $350,000 self-insured retention (SIR) under the USF & G policy, obligating Payless to cover the first $350,000 of any claim under the policy. Payless filed for bankruptcy protection during the pendency of this case, and the bankruptcy court apportioned $200,000 of the $350,000 SIR toward this litigation, with the remaining SIR apportioned to another employee injured in the same incident.

3
 The lawsuit initially named KamCo as a defendant on the theory that KamCo breached its contractual duty to name Payless as an additional insured on the AE policy. Those claims were resolved, and KamCo was released from the case prior to the district court's ruling on the motions for summary judgment

4
 CU does not contend that Payless has a "certificate of self-insurance" issued by the Minnesota Department of Commerce

5
 Given the intricacies involved with Payless's bankruptcy and the lack of a developed appellate record on the issue, we also leave to the district court to address on remand CU's argument that Payless is not entitled to recoup $200,000 from CU because Payless tendered stock in lieu of cash in the settlement of its $200,000 obligation. (See Appellees' Br. at 23-24.)


package client

const (
	SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE = "serviceRestart"
)

type ServiceRestart struct {
	Resource

	RollingRestartStrategy RollingRestartStrategy `json:"rollingRestartStrategy,omitempty" yaml:"rolling_restart_strategy,omitempty"`
}

type ServiceRestartCollection struct {
	Collection
	Data   []ServiceRestart `json:"data,omitempty"`
	client *ServiceRestartClient
}

type ServiceRestartClient struct {
	rancherClient *RancherClient
}

type ServiceRestartOperations interface {
	List(opts *ListOpts) (*ServiceRestartCollection, error)
	Create(opts *ServiceRestart) (*ServiceRestart, error)
	Update(existing *ServiceRestart, updates interface{}) (*ServiceRestart, error)
	ById(id string) (*ServiceRestart, error)
	Delete(container *ServiceRestart) error
}

func newServiceRestartClient(rancherClient *RancherClient) *ServiceRestartClient {
	return &ServiceRestartClient{
		rancherClient: rancherClient,
	}
}

func (c *ServiceRestartClient) Create(container *ServiceRestart) (*ServiceRestart, error) {
	resp := &ServiceRestart{}
	err := c.rancherClient.doCreate(SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE, container, resp)
	return resp, err
}

func (c *ServiceRestartClient) Update(existing *ServiceRestart, updates interface{}) (*ServiceRestart, error) {
	resp := &ServiceRestart{}
	err := c.rancherClient.doUpdate(SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE, &existing.Resource, updates, resp)
	return resp, err
}

func (c *ServiceRestartClient) List(opts *ListOpts) (*ServiceRestartCollection, error) {
	resp := &ServiceRestartCollection{}
	err := c.rancherClient.doList(SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE, opts, resp)
	resp.client = c
	return resp, err
}

func (cc *ServiceRestartCollection) Next() (*ServiceRestartCollection, error) {
	if cc != nil && cc.Pagination != nil && cc.Pagination.Next != "" {
		resp := &ServiceRestartCollection{}
		err := cc.client.rancherClient.doNext(cc.Pagination.Next, resp)
		resp.client = cc.client
		return resp, err
	}
	return nil, nil
}

func (c *ServiceRestartClient) ById(id string) (*ServiceRestart, error) {
	resp := &ServiceRestart{}
	err := c.rancherClient.doById(SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE, id, resp)
	if apiError, ok := err.(*ApiError); ok {
		if apiError.StatusCode == 404 {
			return nil, nil
		}
	}
	return resp, err
}

func (c *ServiceRestartClient) Delete(container *ServiceRestart) error {
	return c.rancherClient.doResourceDelete(SERVICE_RESTART_TYPE, &container.Resource)
}


New York Jets safety Jamal Adams went out of his way to greet a fan with special needs at training camp on Monday.

The fan, who was wearing Adams’s Jersey, visibly becomes excited when the NFL player signs it. His whole face breaks out into a huge grin. Watch.

Make someone’s day. #MondayMotivation A post shared by New York Jets (@nyjets) on Jul 30, 2018 at 5:21am PDT

Adams also gives the excited fan a pair of his gloves and the two shared a happy moment.

The former Louisiana State University player said that getting to meet the eager fan is “the best part of the game of football” and that it was a moment he won’t forget.