Changes from baseline were significantly different between dairy product and SSP conditions for median homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin sensitivity ( HOMA2 - % S ) ( 1.3 vs. -21.3 % , respectively , P = 0.009 ; baseline = 118 % ) , mean LMTT disposition index ( -0.03 vs. -0.36 , respectively , P = 0.011 ; baseline = 2.59 ) , mean HDL cholesterol ( 0.8 vs. -4.2 % , respectively , P = 0.015 ; baseline = 44.3 mg/dL ) , and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] ( 11.7 vs. -3.3 , respectively , P = 0.022 ; baseline = 24.5 g/L ) .