Independent risk factors for persistent parasitaemia on day 1 included treatment with AL vs DP ( RR = 1.34 , 95 % CI 1.20-1 .50 , p < 0.001 ) , having a temperature 38.0 C vs < 37.0 C ( RR = 1.19 , 95 % CI 1.05-1 .35 , p = 0.007 ) and having a parasite density > 20,000 / L vs < 4,000 / L ( RR = 3.37 , 95 % CI 2.44-4 .49 , p < 0.001 ) .