Epicatechin supplementation improved fasting plasma insulin ( insulin : -1.46 mU/L ; 95 % CI : -2.74 , -0.18 mU/L ; P = 0.03 ) and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance : -0.38 ; 95 % CI : -0.74 , -0.01 ; P = 0.04 ) and had no effect on fasting plasma glucose .