Respondents were randomized between a DA with information only ( VCE - ) and a DA with information plus a VCE ( VCE + ) ( experiment 1 ) , or between information only ( VCE - ) , information plus VCE without referral to VCE ( VCE + ) , and information plus a VCE with specific referral to the VCE , requesting participants to use the VCE ( VCE + + ) ( experiment 2 ) .