The ITS reduced the estimated incidence of new IMI with both major and any pathogens compared to control glands in cows ( 6.2 vs. 14.2 % and 14.7 vs. 32.8 % , respectively ) and in heifers ( 3.0 vs. 13.1 % and 13.4 vs. 25.3 % , respectively ) ( p < 0.001 ) .