This prospective , multicenter , single-blinded study of 232 patients ( age 53 10 years , 186 males ) randomized those with paroxysmal AF ( n = 115 ) to CPVI or HFSA-only ( noninferiority design ) and those with persistent AF ( n = 117 ) to CPVI or a combined ablation approach ( CPVI + HFSA , superiority design ) .