Metabolite profiling analysis was performed on fasting plasma samples collected in a 12-wk parallel-group intervention with 106 participants with features of metabolic syndrome who were randomly assigned to 3 dietary interventions : 1 ) whole-grain products , fatty fish , and bilberries [ healthy diet ( HD ) ] ; 2 ) a whole-grain-enriched diet with the same grain products as in the HD intervention but with no change in fish or berry consumption ; and 3 ) refined-wheat breads and restrictions on fish and berries ( control diet ) .