PAD had two-fold greater risk of coronary disease ( adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) = 2.0 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.3-3 .2 ) and increased risk of vascular surgery ( HR = 5.6 , 95 % CI 2.8-11 .5 ) and mortality ( HR = 1.8 , 95 % CI 1.4-2 .5 ) .