Patients who received PEA showed decreases in VEGF-C [ 526 ( 261 ) vs 834 ( 304 ) pg ml ( -1 ) , P = 0.001 ] , TGF - ( P = 0.027 ) , and IL-6 ( P = 0.007 ) and an increase in IL-10 ( P = 0.001 ) 24 h after surgery compared with patients subjected to GA. .