We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a higher volume of whole blood ( 30 ml/kg ; Tx30 : n = 78 ) against the standard volume ( 20 ml/kg ; Tx20 : n = 82 ) in Ugandan children ( median age 36 months ( interquartile range ( IQR ) 13 to 53 ) ) for 24-hour anemia correction ( hemoglobin > 6 g/dl : primary outcome ) and 28-day survival .