Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization was associated with a statistically significant increase of the subdistribution hazard ratio for ICU mortality ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.79 ; 95 % CI , 1.31-2 .43 ) , not explained by an increased daily hazard of dying ( cause-specific hazard ratio for death = 1.02 ; 95 % CI , 0.74-1 .41 ) , but by an increased length of stay ( cause-specific hazard ratio for discharge alive = 0.73 ; 95 % CI , 0.51-0 .94 ) .