Patients were randomized to 4 groups : the epidural saline control group ( Group C ; L2-L3 puncture , epidural and IV saline ) , the IV lidocaine group ( Group IV ; L2-L3 puncture , saline epidural , IV lidocaine 1 mg/kg ) , the lumbar epidural lidocaine group ( Group EL ; L2-L3 puncture , 1.5 % lidocaine epidural , IV saline ) , and the thoracic epidural lidocaine group ( Group ET ; T9-T10 puncture , 1.5 % lidocaine epidural , IV saline ) .