Restricting to vRNA 50 copies per milliliter , multivariable models showed the following factors associated with higher CD8 T-cell activation : older age [ 45 vs. 30 years : 3.6 % ( 1.4 to 5.7 ) , P = 0.004 ] , hepatitis C virus antibody positivity [ 3.6 % ( 0.9 to 6.2 ) , P = 0.032 ] , Hispanic vs. white [ 7.2 % ( 5.3 to 9.0 ) , P < 0.001 ] , lower concurrent CD4 count [ 200 vs. > 500 cells/mm : 2.2 % ( 0.7 to 3.7 ) , P < 0.001 ] , lower concurrent CD4/CD8 ratio [ -2.6 % ( -3.7 to -1.5 ) per 0.5 unit increase , P < 0.001 ] , and higher pre-ART CD8 T-cell activation [ 2.0 % ( 1.6 to 2.5 ) per 10 % higher , P < 0.001 ] .