The odds of opioid use at the subsequent follow-up assessment increased significantly as DDQ desire and intention scores increased ( OR = 1.25 , 95 % CI 1.03 ; 1.51 , p < 0.05 ) , but was not significantly associated with DDQ negative reinforcement ( OR = 1.01 , 95 % CI 0.88 ; 1.17 , p > 0.05 ) or DDQ control ( OR = 0.97 , 95 % CI 0.85 ; 1.11 , p > 0.05 ) scores .