Secondary outcomes included temperature , Apgar scores , pH , base deficit , blood pressure and glucose , respiratory distress syndrome , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , seizures , patent ductus arteriosus , necrotizing enterocolitis , gastrointestinal perforation , intraventricular hemorrhage , cystic periventricular leukomalacia , pulmonary hemorrhage , retinopathy of prematurity , sepsis , hearing screen , and pneumothorax .