Multivariate analysis using Firth penalized maximum likelihood estimation found hypertension ( odds ratio [ OR ] : 0.24 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.07 to 0.92 ; p = 0.037 ) and BIV-LOW ( OR : 5.8 , 95 % CI : 1.5 to 22.2 ; p = 0.010 ) predictive of AST .