Male gender ( odds ratio ( OR ) = 2.79 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.78-4 .27 ) ) , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection ( OR = 3.23 , 95 % CI 1.43-7 .29 ) , and eosinophilia ( OR = 1.81 , 95 % CI 1.33-2 .47 ) were found to be independent risk factors associated with S. stercoralis infection in this setting .