The treatment was effective versus the control group , significantly improving pain ( Visual Analogue Scale : p < 0.001 at the end of the treatment and at the follow-up ; McGill Pain Questionnaire : p = 0.018 at the follow-up ) , disability ( Oswestry Disability Questionnaire : p < 0.001 at the end and follow-up ) , and quality of life ( Shortened Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire : p = 0.021 at the end of treatment ; p = 0.005 at follow-up ) .