Physical therapy was associated with a reduced likelihood of crossover to surgery after 1 year ( 21 % vs. 33 % , p = .045 ) , and greater reductions on the Short Form 36 physical functioning scale after 6 months ( mean difference = 6.0 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.2-11 .7 ) and 1 year ( mean difference = 6.5 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.6-12 .4 ) .