Expired tidal volumes were significantly lower during inflations when using nasal tube compared with face mask ( 0.0 [ 0.0-3 .1 ] vs 9.9 [ 5.5-12 .8 ] mL/kg ; P < .0001 ) and when spontaneous breathing coincided with PPV ( 4.4 [ 2.1-8 .4 ] vs 9.6 [ 5.4-15 .2 ] mL/kg ; P < .0001 ) but were similar during breathing on continuous positive airway pressure ( 4.7 [ 2.8-6 .9 ] vs 4.8 [ 2.7-7 .9 ] mL/kg ; P > 0.05 ) .