The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that - blocker treatment was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death ( adjusted HR 0.633 , 95 % CI 0.464 to 0.863 ; p = 0.004 ) and cardiac death ( adjusted HR 0.47 , 95 % CI 0.32 to 0.70 ; p < 0.001 ) .