An increase in postprandial insulin ( 225955984pmol/L * min ) , postprandial intact proinsulin ( 1359658pmol/L * min ) , postprandial glucagon ( 3171136pg/mL * min ) and postprandial PAI-1 levels ( 863467ng/mL * min ) could be observed during treatment with glimepiride , whereas treatment with linagliptin was associated with a decrease in postprandial insulin ( -80074204 pmol/L * min ) , intact proinsulin ( -1771426 pmol/L * min ) , postprandial glucagon ( -15971831 pg/mL * min ) and PAI-1 levels ( -410276 ng/mL * min ) .