A total of 1251 participants were randomly assigned to either ( 1 ) a 1-year intervention consisting of 2 opportunities for a 15-day detoxification with buprenorphine/naloxone ( BUP/NX ) combined with up to 21 sessions of behavioral drug and risk counseling [ short-term medication-assisted treatment ( ST-MAT ) ] or ( 2 ) thrice-weekly dosing for 48 weeks with BUP/NX and up to 21 counseling sessions [ long-term medication-assisted treatment ( LT-MAT ) ] followed by dose tapering .