def add_handles(self, model, forward_handle, backward_handle):
        """
        Add handles to all non-container layers in the model.
        Recursively for non-container layers
        """
        handles_list = []
        model_children = list(model.children())
        if model_children:
            for child in model_children:
                handles_list.extend(self.add_handles(child, forward_handle, backward_handle))
        else:  # leaves
            handles_list.append(model.register_forward_hook(forward_handle))
            handles_list.append(model.register_backward_hook(backward_handle))
        return handles_list