question: public static String toUpperCase ( String string ) { boolean changed = false ; char [ ] chars = string . toCharArray ( ) ; for ( int i = 0 ; i != chars . length ; i ++ ) { char ch = chars [ i ] ; if ( 'a' <= ch && 'z' >= ch ) { changed = true ; chars [ i ] = ( char ) ( ch - 'a' + 'A' ) ; } } if ( changed ) { return new String ( chars ) ; } return string ; }
target:  A locale independent version of toUpperCase.