"Jizojuo-kyo Sutra" has a lot of aspects to show it was written in Japan; the Sanzu-no-kawa River (the River of Three Crossings), Datsueba (literally, old woman who robs clothes of the dead; old hag of hell), and birds singing 'Hototogisu' are described; the sentences seem to have been written by Japanese people.
『地蔵十王経』中には、三途の川や脱衣婆が登場し、「別都頓宜寿（ほととぎす）」と鳴く鳥が描写され、文章も和習をおびるなど、日本で撰せられたことをうかがわせる面が多分にある。