It also sometimes played the same role as above, incorporated into the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Kasuga-sha Shrine, which was integrated with Kofuku-ji Temple by the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, and such jinin of Kasuga-sha Shrine was called 'Kokumin.'
また、神仏習合によって興福寺と一体化していた春日社の神人に組み入れられて同様の役割を果たすこともあり、こうした春日社神人を「国民」と呼んだ。