Nakamaro, who backed up the Emperor Junnin, started unique politics by promoting Tokuji policies (ruling a nation by virtue of a sovereign), which included raising the age of chunan (men between 17 to 20 years of age) and seitei (men between 21 and 60 years of age) and halving the amount of zoyo (irregular corvee), and also by adopting more Chinese-style systems such as renaming of the government posts in a Chinese style, (i.e. Daijokan [Grand Council of State] was changed into Kenseikan, and Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister] into Taishi.
淳仁天皇を擁立した仲麻呂は独自な政治を行うようになり、中男・正丁の年齢繰上げや雑徭の半減、問民苦使・平準署の創設など徳治政策を進めるとともに、官名を唐風に改称させるなど唐風政策を推進した（太政官→乾政官、太政大臣→大師など。