In the 0 series Shinkansen train cars used initially on the Tokaido Shinkansen line and Sanyo Shinkansen line, and in the 200 series Shinkansen train cars used initially on the Tohoku Shinkansen line and Joetsu Shinkansen, a locomotive car was used for each of the train-cars.
東海道・山陽新幹線の初代車両新幹線0系電車や、東北・上越新幹線開業時の車両である新幹線200系電車は全車が電動車であった。