Chitoku hoshi is said to have become a pupil of ABE no Seimei, saying that all he could do was use Shiki gami, and that it was absolutely impossible for him to conceal other people's tools.
智徳は、「私には、式神を使うことはできても、人の使うものを隠す事は到底できない」として、安倍晴明の弟子になったとされる。