Since Naosuke II, who had been commanded the shogunate government as Tairo (chief minister) at the cabinet officials of the Shogunate after a Roju (senior councilor) Masahiro ABE died, signed The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1858, Yoshikatsu went to the Edo-jo Castle untimely with Nariaki TOKUGAWA of the Mito-Tokugawa family to protest against Ii.
幕閣において老中阿部正弘の死後に大老となり幕政を指揮していた井伊直弼が、安政5年（1858年）にアメリカ合衆国と日米修好通商条約を調印したため、慶勝は水戸徳川家の徳川斉昭らとともに江戸城へ不時登城するなどして井伊に抗議した。