In addition, major publishing companies which didn't have a comic department such as Kadokawa Group Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. and Gakushu Kenkyusha also entered into the comic market at the end of the Showa period (from the end of the 70s to the 80s), then so called 'geeky' comic books and comic magazines appeared.
また、大手にも関わらず漫画部門を持たなかった角川書店・徳間書店・学習研究社なども昭和末期（70年代末期から80年代）に参入、いわゆる｢マニア向け｣の漫画及び漫画誌が登場し始めた。