Ryoke became increasingly more opposed to kokushi (provincial governors) who privatized Kokugaryo, and donated their manors to kenmon seika (powerful houses and influential families) or large temples to seek protection while paying regular tax yields in return.
領家は次第に、国衙領を私領化するようになった国司と対立するようになり、自らの荘園をさらに権門勢家や大寺院に寄進し、保護を求める代わりに一定の税収を納めた。