Additionally, Japanese and Western people made exchanges with each other, such as the many Japanese who received an education from Siebold who opened a school of Western medicine at Narutaki, Nagasaki.
また、長崎鳴滝に西洋医術の塾を開いたシーボルトのもとに多数の日本人が修学するなど西洋人と日本人との交流は盛んであった。