The people were divided into Ryomin (law-abiding people) and Senmin (Goshiki no sen, five lowly castes), and the obligations of So (rice), Yo (capitation), Cho (textile products), tax payment, and zoyo (irregular corvee) were imposed upon Ryomin, who were peasants.
民衆を良民と賎民（五色の賤）とに分け、農民である良民には租・庸・調・納税・雑徭の義務を課した。