Those objecting to the New learning included Luo learning (Do school) of Tei Ko (Cheng Hao) and Tei I (Cheng Yi), Shu learning of Su Shi and So Tetsu (Su Zhe), and Guan learning of Cho Sai (Zhang Zai).
新学に異議を唱えたものに程顥・程頤らの洛学（道学）、蘇軾・蘇轍らの蜀学、張載らの関学があった。