On the other hand, Shugendo (mountain asceticism-shamanism), which had developed from the Nara period, was also strongly influenced by the esoteric Buddhism of both sects and was evolving independently.
この一方で、奈良時代から発達してきた修験道も、両宗の密教の影響を強く受け、独自の発達を遂げることとなった。