Under article one of Kaishin no Mikotonori (the Imperial Reform Edict) on New year's day in 646, the abolishment of private land owned by citizens was set forth, but after 646, territorial right of buqu (a serf) or manor owned by Tomonomiyatsuko (the chief of various departments at the Imperial Court) or Tomonomiyatsuko (the chief of various departments at the Imperial Court) were approved.
646年正月の改新の詔の第一条で公地公民、（私地私民の廃止）をうたっていながら646年から後も伴造（とものみやつこ）、国造（くにのみやつこ）が所有する部曲（かきべ）や田荘（たどころ）の領有権が認められていた。