Basically, there are three big basins having different rivers; the Kameoka Basin, the Yura (Fukuchiyama) Basin and the Sasayama Basin, separated from each other by mountains.
丹波国は大まかに言って亀岡盆地、由良（福知山）盆地、篠山盆地のそれぞれ母川の違う大きな盆地があり、互いの間を山地が隔てている。