Tenchu-gumi Incident ("Tenchu-gumi no hen" in Japanese) was an incident that occurred at the end of the Edo period; it was carried out by a group of people called Tenchu-gumi (Heavenly Avenging Force) consisting of a bunch of ronin (masterless samurai) who were Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) including Torataro YOSHIMURA; this group rose to action in Yamato Province having a court noble Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA as the commander-in-chief on September 29, 1863 and was subsequently put down and destroyed by the army of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by the shogun).
天誅組の変（てんちゅうぐみのへん）は、幕末の文久3年（1863年）8月17日(旧暦)に吉村寅太郎をはじめとする尊皇攘夷派浪人の一団（天誅組）が公卿中山忠光を主将として大和国で決起し、後に江戸幕府軍の討伐を受けて壊滅した事件である。