There is an opinion that it was painted by plural painters due to difference of the style of painting, and it is thought that it was produced from the 12th to 13th century (end of Heian period to early Kamakura period) and that it might be a kind of anthology of caricatures of an individual painting by an individual painter of a different time.
各巻の画風の違いから、複数の作者によって書かれたとする説があり、制作年代は12世紀～13世紀（平安時代末期～鎌倉時代初期）とみられることから、作者も制作年代も異なる別個の作品の寄せ集めで、いわば戯画の集大成といえる。