In the "Jinno Shotoki" (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns), the Emperor Uda (after abdication of the throne, became a priest and founded the Ninna-ji Temple) who lived in the Heian period was called 'hoshu of the two lineages' (secular affairs and Buddhism).
『神皇正統記』には平安時代の宇多天皇（譲位後、出家して仁和寺を開いた）を「両統（世俗と仏法）の法主」と評している。