Moreover, in thought of law in Japan of the times, executive power and judicial power were not isolated (for example, machi-bugyo 〔town magistrate〕 held both of administration power and judicial power in Edo), on the contrary, securing public security through ginmi (investigation) of ginmisuji that was criminal case was considered a core of public administration.
更に当時の日本の法思想では行政権と司法権の分離は行われておらず（例えば、町奉行は江戸の行政・司法の両方の権限を有する）、却って刑事事件である吟味筋の吟味を通じた治安の確保こそが行政行為の中核と捉えられていた。