The theory that karate developed due to the kinmu seisaku is therefore refuted by some researchers as 'completely groundless fiction invented in the streets' (Ryozo FUJIWARA).
それゆえ、禁武政策による空手発展説を「全く根拠のない巷間の浮説」（藤原稜三）と一刀両断する研究者もいる。