China had stronger national power in all aspects including wealth, warships, arms and the number of soldiers but Japan with higher morale and better training won thereby obtaining the agreement of China on the following conditions by signing the Treaty of Shimonoseki:
当時の国力では財力、軍艦、装備、兵数すべてにおいて清の方が優位であったが士気と訓練度で勝った日本は勝利し、下関条約によって以下の内容を清に認めさせた。