He was born in Kashiwagi Village, Kitagawa-go, Aki County, Tosa Province (present-day Kashiwagi, Kitagawa-mura, Aki-gun (Tosa Prefecture), Tosa Prefecture) as the first son of Kodenji NAKAOKA, headman of Kitagawago Village, and Hatsu NAKAOKA.
土佐国安芸郡北川郷柏木村（現･高知県安芸郡(高知県)北川村柏木）に北川郷の大庄屋　中岡小傳次、はつの長男として生まれる。