In Japan during the modern era, the Five-Power treaties, including the 1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan, called for the establishment of settlements in places where ports were opened; these settlements continued to exist until being abolished by the revision of the treaties in 1899.
近代日本では1858年の日米修好通商条約など欧米5ヶ国との条約により、開港場に居留地を設置することが決められ、条約改正により1899年に廃止されるまで存続した。