On the other hand, China had maintained until the Arrow War its solipsistic diplomatic attitude based on Sinocentrism and would not adopt vital notions indispensable for modern international relation such as international law and treaty.
一方でアロー戦争後まで中国は中華思想に基づいた唯我独尊的外交姿勢を守り続け、国際法や条約といった近代的国際関係に不可欠な概念を積極的に取り込もうとはしなかった。