These trends became still more prominent in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts with the spread of the half-tax, in which half of the yearly proceeds of a shoen were turned over to the shogunate, and the shugouke system, in which the shugo was contracted with the duty of collecting the land tax.
この傾向は南北朝時代に入ると顕著になり、荘園の年貢の半分を幕府に納める半済や、年貢の取立てを守護が請け負う守護請が一般化した。