As described above, modern international law had two faces to apply it differently to "civilized nation" and "non-civilized nation," and certain researcher call this as "double standard of modern international law." (Takamura 1998)
以上に見るように、近代国際法はその適用を「文明国」とそれ以外によって使い分ける二つの顔を持っており、これを「近代国際法の二重原理」と呼ぶ研究者もいる（高村1998）。