It is also said that since ancient times, Doso-shin (traveler's guardian deity), Koshin-to Tower (stone tower from Taoism), Hokora (small shrine) or stone Buddhist images such as Jizo (guardian deity of children) placed at the crossroads leading to villages in suburbs functioned as barriers to Shiniki.
また古来より郊外の集落につながる道の辻などに配置された道祖神、庚申塔、祠、地蔵などの石仏は、神域との結界の役割をしていたともいわれる。