In 1922, he was appointed Goyo-gakari (a general affaires official) of the special Imperial Compilation Bureau, the Imperial Household Ministry, and shortly after that, he was promoted to the chief official of the Compilation Bureau and played a central role in compiling the book "Meiji Tenno ki" (Chronicle of the Emperor Meiji) (However, the nephew of Takekoshi's wife, Akira NAKAMURA [political scientist] who read the manuscript written by Takekoshi, has pointed out that there is a big difference between the original manuscript and the existing text of "Meiji Tenno ki" edited by Kentaro KANEKO and Sanji MIKAMI.)
大正11年（1922年）に宮内省臨時帝室編修局御用掛に任命され、ほどなく編修官長に転じて『明治天皇紀』編纂の中心的役割を担った（ただし、後に竹越が書いた草稿を読んだ竹越夫人の甥である中村哲(政治学者)は、最終的に金子堅太郎・三上参次らがまとめた現存の『明治天皇紀』との大きな違いの存在を指摘している）。