Japan during the Meiji period ignored strong protests of China and conducted the Ryukyu annexation, then the relationship between Japan and the Qing dynasty which considered Ryukyu an important chokokoku became worse (Motegi 1997).
明治日本は清朝の猛抗議にも聞く耳を持たず、沖縄県の歴史琉球処分を断行し、当然琉球を重要な朝貢国と見なしていた清朝との関係は悪化した（茂木1997）。