In 1864, the Kinmon no Hen (the Rebellion at the Hamaguri-gomon Gate), which was the battle between the faction (the Choshu clan) under the slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners, and the faction (the Aizu clan) supporting the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), broke out.
また、1864年（元治元年）に尊皇攘夷派（長州藩）と江戸幕府（会津藩）の戦いである禁門の変（蛤御門の変）が勃発した。