However, while Ienari was alive, the Ienari's close advisers including Tadaatsu MIZUNO (hatamoto or bannerman), Tadafusa HAYASHI and Mochinaru MINOBE (the three were comprehensively called Tempo no san-Neijin) wielded dictatorial power in bakufu, which prevented Tadakuni from launching any reform.
しかし、家斉在世中は水野忠篤(旗本)、林忠英、美濃部茂育（3人を総称して天保の三侫人という）をはじめ家斉側近が権力を握っており、忠邦は改革を開始できなかった。