Ou reppan domei (a coalition established by many clans in the Northern and Eastern areas of Japan), Byakkotai (suicide corps), Nihonmatsu shonentai (an army consisting of teenagers who fought in the Boshin war), the Republic of Ezo, Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno), Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army)
奥羽列藩同盟、白虎隊、二本松少年隊、蝦夷共和国、彰義隊、伝習隊