For powerful countries which had acquired a lot of practical advantages by unequal treaties concluded after the Opium War and the Arrow War, it was needless to say desirable that the Qing dynasty would learn international law.
アヘン戦争・アロー戦争後に締結された不平等条約によってすでに多くの実利を得た列強にとって、清朝が国際法を学ぶことは無論望ましいことであった。