Upon designating the area inside of the doi as Rakuchu and the area outside as Rakugai, Hideyoshi went on to specifically designate inner Rakuchu; with the exception of villages such as Ueno, Nishinokyo, Chudoji, Kujo and Shiokoji which were treated as agricultural villages; as Kyochu and allowed a certain degree of self-governance by machi-doshiyori (ward heads) and later by chodai (town officials who assisted government officials).
また、土居の内側を洛中・外側を洛外として、洛中内部において更に農村として扱った上野・西ノ京・中堂寺・九条・塩小路などの村々を除いた洛中地域を特に京中（きょうちゅう）として上京・下京のそれぞれの町年寄（後に町代）による一定の自治を認めた。