In the Kanbyo-Engi period (from the end of the 9th century to the beginning of the 10th century), there were frequent 'outbreaks of banditry' (Shuba-no-to and Kanbyo-Engi-Togoku-no-ran (disturbances by banditry in Togoku during the period between Kanbyo and Engi)) in which Bando were robbed of kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) to be offered to the central government.
寛平・延喜年間（9世紀末期-10世紀初期）になると、板東において、中央へ進納する官物を強奪するといった「群盗蜂起」が頻発した（しゅう馬の党・寛平・延喜東国の乱）。