In addition, due partly to an increase in research on the calligraphy of the period when only seal scripts, bronze inscriptions, and other monuments were available, the calligraphy world of the Qing Dynasty was completely dominated by 'epigraphy.'
この他にも篆書や金文など碑しかなかった時代の書の研究が盛んになったこともあり、完全に清の書道界は碑を学ぶ「碑学」主体となった。