Taking this agitation as their cue, and following the founding of Seitosha (the Bluestockings) by Raicho HIRATSUKA, the New Woman Association (founded in 1919), which was headed by Hiratsuka, Fusae ICHIKAWA and Mumeo OKU, and the Japan Women's Suffrage Association (founded in 1921, later renamed the Japan Woman's Christian Suffrage Association) headed by Tsuneko GAUNTLETT and Ochimi KUBUSHIRO began actively campaigning for women's suffrage (also known as the women's movement).
それを嚆矢として、平塚らいてうの青鞜社結成を経て、平塚と市川房枝、奥むめおらによる新婦人協会（1919（大正8）年）や、ガントレット恒子、久布白落実らによる日本婦人参政権協会（1921年・大正10、後に日本基督教婦人参政権協会）が婦人参政権運動（婦人運動）を展開。