Under toden law, kanjin-eigyo-den (hereditary field of officials) and farmland given by the Emperor, could be bought, sold, pledged, or rented without any limits, selling and buying of hereditary fields of commoners were permitted under special circumstances, selling and buying rights for farmland equally given to common people was forbidden in principle and allowed only in exceptional circumstances, and pledging or renting of various farmlands was forbidden in principle.
唐田令では、官人永業田および賜田は無制限に売買・貼賃（ちようちん）(質入れあるいは賃貸のこと）の自由を有し、庶人の永業田は特別の場合には売買を許され、口分田（くぶんでん）は原則としては売買を禁じ、例外的にこれを許し、諸田地の貼賃なども、原則的に禁止されるにとどまった。