Moreover, himin was divided into five classes (five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system) i.e. ryoko (imperial tomb guard), kanko (slaves to public ministries), kenin, kunuhi (government-owned slave), and shinuhi (privately-owned slave).
賤民の身分は更に、陵戸、官戸、家人（けにん）、公奴婢（ぬひ）、私奴婢の5階層（五色の賤）に区別されていた。