To address this move, an alliance was formed among clans in Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo (in the north-eastern region of Japan), supporting Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen, later Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa (also known as Tobu Emperor).
この圧力に対抗するため、陸奥、出羽及び越後の諸藩により奥羽越列藩同盟（北部政府）が結成され、輪王寺宮公現法親王（のちの北白川宮能久親王）が擁立された（東武皇帝）。