Toshikazu HORI has pointed out that there is a description on 'paying tribute to the court' by Korean countries in Nihonshoki, but all people coming from other countries were considered to be paying tribute to the court in Chinese consciousness.
堀敏一は日本書紀が朝鮮諸国の「朝貢」を記しているが、中華意識では到来するものすべてが朝貢だと指摘する。