In this connection, many of them had an experience to go abroad at the end of Edo period or in the Meiji period, and were never influenced by the thought of Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
これと関連して、その多くが幕末明治期かいずれかに洋行の経験があって、尊皇攘夷思想に染まった経験がなかった。