Lower court in the provinces was gunji (sub-provincial district administrators) and in Kyoto was shoshi (leading officials), and above them were kokushi (provincial governors) in the provinces and gyobusho in Kyoto, and finally, daijokan (department of state) and Emperor.
下級の裁判所は、地方では郡司、京では諸司であり、その上に地方では国司、京では刑部省があり、最後に太政官と天皇があった。