Among Esoteric Buddhist paintings, "Shorenin National Treasure" in Shoren-in Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City (color painting on silk, commonly called 'Ao Fudo' [Blue Fudo], a national treasure) is the oldest existing image based on 'Fudo Juku-kan, nineteen Characteristic Signs of Fudo Myoo,' and it was created during the 11th century.
密教絵画では、京都市東山区青蓮院の『青蓮院国宝』（絹本着色、通称「青不動」、国宝）があり、「不動十九観」に依拠する現存最古の画像であり、11世紀の製作である。