The earliest extant record of a census conducted in Edo surivives in an annotation in the "Shoho Jiroku," (Chronicles of the Shoho Era) which indicates that there were 353,588 people in Edo as of June 17th, 1693 (6th year of Genroku), and it is also said that this was ordered by Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA to root out demagogues.
江戸の国勢調査の最古の記録は、『正宝事録』の註釈として記された元禄六年（1693年）六月十七日の35万3588人であり、徳川綱吉が浮説雑説を唱えた者を探すために行われたものである。