However, in their notion there existed only the dual structure consisting of those who obeyed "the son of Tenguri" and those who confronted him, and the stepwise structure of order, such as the order of kai (the Chinese vs. barbarians) did not exist or was hardly seen.
しかし、そこには「テングリの子」に服属する者と敵対する者という二元的構造が存在するのみで、華夷秩序のように段階的な秩序構造は存在しなかったか希薄であった。