When shoen (manor in medieval Japan) was established and officially authorized by obtaining Kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi (provincial governors) or Gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property), its boundaries with other lands like koryo (public lands) were confirmed in the presence of an envoy dispatched by Imperial court (either Dajokan Benkan kyoku (Oversight Department: division of the Dajokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) or Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs)) (kanshi), an envoy dispatched by Kokushi (kokushi) and shokan (an officer governing shoen).
荘園の成立時において、公験を得て正式に承認を受けると、朝廷（太政官弁官局または民部省）から派遣された使者（官使）及び国司から派遣された使者（国使）、荘官3者の立会のもとで荘園と公領などそれ以外の土地との境界を確認した。