Regarding its origin, KAMO no Mabuchi argued that it could be traced back to the Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu's era, whereas Norinaga MOTOORI stated that was the Emperor Monmu's era.
その成立については賀茂真淵は天智天皇・天武天皇朝説を唱え、本居宣長は文武天皇朝説を唱えている。