The railway lies upward along and crosses the Muko-gawa River at many points between Takarazuka Station and Furuichi Station, and it stretches downward along the Sasayama-gawa River, which is a stream of Kako-gawa River between Sasayamaguchi Station and Tanikawa Station.
宝塚駅から古市駅までは武庫川と何度も交差しながら遡り、篠山口駅から谷川駅は加古川支流の篠山川の渓流沿いに下る。