On the other hand, Mingaku was Gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) that samurai or Confucian scholars played or sang in groups, and high-leveled group training and considerable expenses were necessary to play the music.
いっぽう明楽は、武士や儒学者などが集団で演奏・斉唱する雅楽であり、実演にあたっては高度な集団訓練と相当の経費を必要とした。