While Chinese prose and poetry continued to thrive, the first of the Chokusen wakashu (anthologies of waka poetry compiled by Imperial command), the Kokin wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), was compiled and waka poems achieved a status equal to that of Chinese poems.
漢詩・漢文が引き続き栄えるとともに、初の勅撰和歌集である古今和歌集が編纂され、和歌が漢詩と対等の位置を占めた。