The five Confucians who opposed the Kansei Igaku no Kin (Bosai KAMEDA, Hokuzan YAMAMOTO, Taiho TSUKADA, Hoshu TOSHIMA, and Kakumei ICHIKAWA) were called Goki (five demons) of the Kansei era.
なお、異学の禁に反対した儒者五名（亀田鵬斎、山本北山、冢田大峯、豊島豊洲、市川鶴鳴)を特に寛政の五鬼という。