The Choshu clan were still promoting Sonno Joi, but they ran into problems due to their defeat in the Hamaguri Rebellion (Kinmon no Hen in Japanese) and the attack on Shimonoseki by the four countries' combined fleet.
その後も長州藩は尊王攘夷運動に邁進するが、禁門の変の敗北、下関への四国連合艦隊襲来により窮地に陥る。