Norinaga MOTOORI and Shigenobu TSURUMINE advocated the "Forged Title" theory, which stated that Himiko, a female chief of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district), pretended to the throne of the Imperial court.
本居宣長、鶴峰戊申の説は卑弥呼は熊襲が朝廷を僭称したものとする「偽僣説」である。