Several domains practiced unique Yogaku, such as Kaiseijo and Shuseikan in Satsuma Domain, and establishment of Rangakuryo (house of Rangaku) and construction of a reverberatory furnace in Saga Domain.
また諸藩でも、薩摩藩の開成所、集成館や、佐賀藩の蘭学寮設置や反射炉の建設など、独自の洋学が行われた。