After the Muromachi period, shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governors who later became daimyo, Japanese feudal lords), Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) or their subordinates would recruit for these duties, putting private soldiers, servicemen or laborers into service.
室町時代以後になると、守護大名や戦国大名あるいはその配下の国人によって動員され、軍夫・陣夫・人夫などとして奉仕した。