"Shunshoku umegoyomi" (Spring-Color Plum Calendar), a novel written in 1832 by Shunsui TAMENAGA, has a sentence that says, 'They surround a girl at the top of the room, and are about to begin 'nenbutsu-ko' (gang rape).'
江戸時代天保3年（1832年）に為永春水が著した人情本『春色梅児誉美』に「お娘を正座に取り巻いて念仏講をはじめるつもり」とみえる。