Moreover, people who were personally subordinated to the imperial and the sekkan-ke families were granted kyumenden (tax free rice fields provided as salary), thereby becoming kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) and thus creating shoen manors.
更に皇室や摂関家と人身的従属関係にある人々が給免田を与えられて供御人などとなり、彼らによって荘園が形成される場合もあった。