In the era of the renga and the haikai prior to the haiku, a total of 18 types of particles and auxiliary verbs were used such as 'mogana,' 'shi,' 'zo,' 'ka,' 'yo,' 'se,' 're,' 'tsu,' 'nu,' 'he,' 'zu,' 'ikani,' 'ji,' 'ke,' and 'ran,' including the three mentioned above.
俳句以前の連歌・俳諧の時代には「もがな」「し」「ぞ」「か」「よ」「せ」「れ」「つ」「ぬ」「へ」「ず」「いかに」「じ」「け」「らん」など、先の3個と合わせ、計18種類の助詞、助動詞が使われていた。