Apart from higher normal schools, temporary teacher training schools were set up in imperial universities and various directly controlled schools to solve the shortage of teachers for normal schools, middle schools and higher women's schools.
高等師範学校とは別に帝国大学及び直轄諸学校内に臨時教員養成所が設けられ、師範学校、中学校、高等女学校の教員不足の解消が図られた。