There is also a claim from the position in which they think that in 1905 there were no norms or regulations in the international common law which could invalidate a conclusion of a treaty based on compulsion against a state.
また、国家への強制に基づく条約調印を無効とする国際慣習法上の規範もしくは規則が1905年にはなかったと考える立場からの主張もある。