And apart from this, until the early medieval times, those who could have the right of enforcing sanctions to others on their merits, including the kugyo (the top court officials) class, were called 'bushi.'
なお、これとは別に中世の前期の頃までは、他者に対して実力による制裁権を行使できる者を公卿クラスを含めて「武士」と言い表す呼称も存在した。