In accordance with the prevalence of Japanese paper, tsuitate-shoji, made with a wooden lattice pasted Japanese paper on both sides, had been used in the Nara period, and the fusuma-shoji began to be used in the Heian period.
和紙の普及に伴い、奈良時代には木格子の両面に和紙を張った衝立障子が用いられ、平安時代には衾（ふすま）障子が用いられるようになっている。