First, in 1869 former governors of feudal domains voluntarily returned their lands and people to the emperor (Hanseki-hokan), and then they were reappointed as governors of domains by the emperor, while feudal lords were separated from their domains.
まず、明治2年の版籍奉還で旧藩主が自発的に版（土地）・籍（人民）を天皇に返上し、改めて知藩事に任命されることで、藩地と領主の分離が図られた。