A Shinkansen line is built by Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency, and its cost is shouldered by the national government and autonomous bodies along the Shinkansen line.
建設は独立行政法人鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構（鉄道運輸機構）が行ない、その費用は国や沿線自治体が負担する。