After the Onin War, however, most of the kuge-ryo turned to 'fuchigyo' which ceased to function properly due to the unlawful seizure of land and land rights by the local warriors ('bushi'), and the confused status of economy and social security made it difficult to maintain the income of barrier fees.
しかし、応仁の乱以後は現地の武士達に対する押領によってほとんどの公家領は「不知行」となり、経済・治安の混乱は関銭収入の維持も困難とした。