After the Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's nationwide land survey), Tenpo were enforced based on the concept that the Shogun, who was also called Tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country), had ultimate ownership of even daimyo's territories.
太閤検地以降、大名の領土であっても、究極的土地所有権は天下人・将軍にあるとの観念の下に行われた。