Although shomon and engaku (paccekabuddha, who have come to Bodhi independent of any other person) attain nirvana by rejecting life as humans, they themselves cannot convey new teachings or save people from suffering.
声聞や縁覚は人間的な生活を否定して涅槃を得てはいるが、自身はブッダとして新しい教えを告げ衆生の悩みを救える、というわけではない。