In Kyoto, he did not belong to the Serizawa group (including Nishiki NIMI and Goro HIRAYAMA) or the Shieikan group (a group led by Isami KONDO, including Toshizo HIJIKATA and Soji OKITA), but belonged to the Tonouchi-Iesato group (including Negishi and Goichi SHIMIZU).
残留後は、芹沢一派（新見錦、平山五郎など）や試衛館一派（近藤勇中心。土方歳三・沖田総司など）には属さず、殿内・家里一派（根岸、清水吾一など）に属した。