Except for Japan, many castles were built on mountains in Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history), from which the castles of ancient Japan are thought to have been modeled, and in medieval western Europe.
日本以外に山城が多く築かれた時代には、日本の古代山城のモデルとなったと思われる三国時代(朝鮮半島)の朝鮮、および中世の西ヨーロッパなどがある。