With the rising of the standard of learning on ancient Japanese thought and culture during the latter period of the Tokugawa Shogunate, books such as "Nihon Gaishi," "Nihon Seiki," and "Kokushiryaku," which increased the reverence for the Emperor, were adopted in the schools of the clans and in some of the private elementary schools for the common people.
幕末の国学の高揚とともに、『大日本史』（一部が刊行されていた）や『日本外史』・『日本政記』・『国史略』など尊皇意識を高める書籍も藩校や一部寺子屋などで採用された。