Kabunakama (merchant guilds) were dissolved during the Tenpo Reforms (a series of reforms carried out in Tenpo era) because they were considered as the villain of raising the commodity price, but there was no evidence that the kabunakama were systematically committing such an act, and instead, the dissolution of the guilds made the distribution system even more troubled, causing further shoshiki-kojiki.
天保の改革においては物価吊り上げの元凶とされた株仲間の解散を行ったが、当時の株仲間がこうした行為を組織ぐるみで行っていたという証拠は無く、却って流通の混乱を生じさせて更なる諸色高直を招いた。