There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of "buraku" people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。