Before that, land and people had been privately owned and ruled by the emperor, royal families and gozoku families, and the lands privately owned by the emperor or royal families were called Miyake and the people ruled by them were called Nashiro or Koshiro while the lands owned by gozoku families were called Tadokoro and the people ruled by them had were called Kakibe.
それまで、国内の土地・人民は天皇・王族・豪族が各自で私的に所有・支配しており、天皇・王族の所有地は屯倉、支配民は名代・子代と呼ばれ、豪族の所有地は田荘、支配民は部曲と呼ばれていた。