The learning which flourished in this period was Xuanxue (Neotaoism) based on the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi and "I Ching" (Classic of Changes), and some wrote annotations for Ju-kyo Keisho from the Xuanxue side.
この時代に隆盛した学問は老荘思想と『易』に基づく玄学であるが、玄学の側からも儒教の経書に注を作るものが現れた。