In the South, Karafuto-Cho was separated from Hokkaido by the Soya Strait, in the North it bordered to Russia at fifty northern latitude, in the West it was surrounded by the Mamiya Strait and in the East by the Sea of Okhotsk.
南の北海道とは宗谷海峡で隔てられ、北は緯度50度線国境でソ連と接し、西の間宮海峡、東のオホーツク海に囲まれていた。