Meanwhile, in Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki), peasants strengthened their territorial bonds, formed villages, and established the hyakushouke system (the contract system where the manor's owner entrusts a peasant to manage his manor and pay the customs) to operate shoen independent of jito's management.
一方で西国では百姓が地縁的な結合を強め、村落を形成し、地頭とは別個に荘園経営を請け負う百姓請が見られるようになった。