The majority of common people, that is, sangnom (lower class during the Joseon Dynasty) and lower, who suffered from famine and often rose in revolt, only used coarse earthenware which originated from Gaya earthenware.
飢餓に苦しみ、頻繁に乱をなした大多数の一般庶民、すなわち常奴以下は伽耶土器以来の粗陶を用いていたにすぎなかった。