He reverted to his former family name of Hosokawa after the Battle of Sekigahara, and from that time, the surname Nagaoka was given to some family members and chief vassals as another important name for the Hosokawa clan.
関ヶ原の戦いの後は細川氏に復し、以後長岡姓は細川別姓として一門・重臣に授けられた。