Each merchant was only allowed to run one business and was forced to give all his products and savings of rice, gold and silver to the domain first, then later, a hyofu and products were granted to the merchant by the domain.
商人は一家一業を原則とし、全ての商品と蓄えられた米や金銀を半ば強制的に藩に納めさせ、改めて標符と商品を下付した。