In the Ming and Qing periods, there were areas which were under the direct control of the Imperial Household (the imperial menor in the Ming period, the menor of the Imperial Household Department in the Qing period) as a part of kanden, and settlements of ex-legionary were established in military camps and important places on the frontier, and 学田 were established in public schools in local areas such as provincial, prefectural and county-owned schools..
明・清代においては、官田の一部として皇室の直轄地（明代皇荘、清代内務府官荘）があるほか、両時代とも各軍営や辺境の要地には屯田が置かれ、府学、州学、県学など地方の官立学校にも学田が付設された。