Instead, there are many different theories which suggest places in Kyushu as the capital, such as areas around Dazaifu-tenmangu Shrine in Fukuoka Prefecture, Usa-jingu Shrine in Oita Prefecture and the Saitobaru Burial Mounds in Miyazaki Prefecture.
福岡県の大宰府天満宮、大分県の宇佐神宮、宮崎県の西都原古墳群など、九州各地に、それぞれ近辺を都とする諸説が乱立している。