In his paper "Ochokokka o megutte" (About the Monarchic State) (collected in "Togoku no heiran to mononofutachi" (Wars And Warriors in Eastern Japan)) written in 1974, Toyohiko FUKUDA stated, 'I believe there is a need to think not from the perspective of the honke (the highest shoen class) or ryoke (who was given shoen by the Imperial Court) but aristocrats (such as the Azukaridokoro) who acted as the mediators of donation of estates.'
福田豊彦は、1974年の「王朝国家をめぐって」（『東国の兵乱ともののふたち』に収録）と言う論文で、「荘園寄進の対象（本家領家）ではなくて、寄進に当たっての媒介の役割を果たした貴族層（預所など）との接点で考える必要がありそうに思います。」と述べている。