However, some--including Harumi MURATA, a disciple of Mabuchi--belonged to schools of thought that criticized Atsutane's Kokugaku from the standpoint of, since the time of Keichu, espousing positivism and placing great value on the study of classic works, arguing that internally it was more complex than that.
だが、真淵の門人であった村田春海らのように契沖以来の実証主義的な古典研究を重視する立場から平田国学に否定的な学派もあり、その内情は複雑であった。