The existance of jito (manager and lord of manor) is well-known from the Kamakura period; however, jito was originally one of the names of shokan and was only given the authority to collect rice provisions for the army from manors and public lands under the pretext of hunting down and killing MINAMOTO no Yukiie and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune during the Bunji imperial sanction, not the authority to control lands.
鎌倉時代では地頭の存在が知られるが、本来は地頭とは荘官の名称のひとつであり、文治の勅許の際にも、源行家・源義経追討を名目として荘園・公領から兵糧米を徴収する権限が与えられたにすぎず、土地の支配権を得たわけではなかった。