The surviving retainers of Ming blamed the theoretical idle talk of Yomei-gaku for the fall of the Ming Dynasty, and called for practical learning and that is practical and useful to rule a country.
明の遺臣たちは明滅亡の原因を理論的な空談にはしった陽明学にあると考え、実用的な学問、経世致用の学を唱えた。