Moreover, in "Shuri Shu-kyo Mokuroku" (mostly included in "Shutsu Sanzo Kishu, the Chu sanzang ji ji" edited by Soyu, a priest of Liang (Nanchao)) edited by Doan SHAKU in eastern Jin, the oldest catalog of Buddhist sutra, there are titles of "Maka Hannya Haramitsu Shinju Vol. 1" and "Hannya Haramitsu Shinju Vol. 1, alternative version"; thus there is a theory that a magic ritual had been established before Hannya Shingyo was established as a sutra.
なお、最古の経典目録（経録）である東晋の釈道安撰『綜理衆経目録』(梁(南朝)の僧祐撰『出三蔵記集』にほぼ収録)には、『摩訶般若波羅蜜神咒一巻』及び『般若波羅蜜神咒一巻　異本』とあり、経としての般若心経成立以前から、呪文による儀礼が先に成立していたという説もある。