It is included in some Kyushu theories that envoys usually thought to have been sent by the five kings of Wa were actually sent by a group in Kyushu, unconnected to Kinai court.
一部の九州説では、倭の五王の遣使なども九州勢力が独自に行ったもので、畿内王権のあずかり知らないことであるとするものがある。