In addition to the gonin-gumi unit established based on each feudal lord's chigyo (enfeoffment), other units such as community-level "go gonin-gumi" (community mutual surveillance unit) were formed, and such a pluralism of the mutual surveillance complicated the village political situations.
領主が自己の知行に基づいて定めた五人組とは別に居住地域単位による郷五人組が編成されるなど、この点も村政の混乱に拍車をかけた。