There were two opposing opinions about the Japanese Ritsuryo system; one that it was a political system led arbitrarily by the emperor and the other that it was a republican political system for the nobles led by the nobles in the Kinai region.
日本の律令制については、天皇による独断的な政治体制とする見解と、畿内の貴族らによる貴族共和的な政治体制とする見解が対立していた。