Affected by these situations, Ukichi TAGUCHI and Yukichi FUKUZAWA, both of whom were placed out of power, wrote "Nihon kaika shoshi" (literally, small history of Japanese civilization) and "Bunmeiron no gairyaku" (an outline of a theory of civilization), respectively.
この影響のもと、在野において書かれたのが田口卯吉『日本開化小史』や福澤諭吉『文明論之概略』などである。