Hakucho is a term referring to male ryomin (ordinary people) with no special rank or title and no public employment in the Chinese and Japanese ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
白丁（はくちょう、はくてい）とは中国と日本の律令制において、公の職を持たない無位無冠の良民の男子のことを指す。