The actual conditions of regional rule before introduction of the ritsuryo system is not apparent, because there are a lot of things unknown including the actual conditions of the Kuni no miyatsuko system and the relationship between Kuni no miyatsuko and the powerful clans in the capital.
しかし、国造制の実態や中小豪族との関係で不明な点が多く、律令制以前の地方支配の実態は明確になっていない。