There has been an argument (by Tatsuhiko SHIMOMUKAI) that these aristocrats were able to demonstrate their military power because, their grandfathers learned barbaric military arts developed based on hunting culture when they were appointed to zuryo, and these aristocrats developed military arts of a new style based on the original style.
彼らがこうした軍事力を発揮出来た背景には、彼らの父祖の世代が受領に任ぜられた際、狩猟文化を背景に持つ俘囚の武芸を学んでおり、それを基礎とした新式の武芸を編み出していたとする議論（下向井龍彦）が唱えられている。