From the first half of the 1910s, Shakai Kagaku Kenkyu-kai (Society for the Study of Social Science), or Shaken, has been organized in universities, high schools, vocational schools and so forth under the old system of education, and Gakusei Rengokai (Federation of Students), or Gakuren, in which Shaken from 49 schools participated, was inaugurated in September 1924.
1910年代前半より、各旧制大学・旧制高等学校・旧制専門学校などでは社会科学研究会（社研）が組織され、1924年9月には49校の社研が参加する学生連合会（学連）が発足した。