Lord of the manor and chigyo-kokushu introduced Jitouke (the contract system that the manor's owner entrusts a jito (manager and lord of manor) to manage his manor and pay the customs) in order to secure income by obliging a jito to pay a fixed amount of land tax in exchange for entrusting him with the management of the local shoen and koryo.
荘園領主・知行国主らは収入を確保するため、地頭に一定額の年貢納入を義務づける代わりに現地の荘園・公領の支配を任せる地頭請を行うようになった。