It is said that Ryuju in India wrote "Daichidoron," a commentary on the Prajnaparamita-sutras during the second to third centuries, and there is a theory assuming that Hannya Shingo was established around this time.
西暦2～3世紀にインドの龍樹が般若経典の注釈書である『大智度論』を著したとされ、般若心経もこの頃に成立したものと推定する説がある。