Additionally, the theory advocated at one time after the war that senmin in the medieval period has its roots in zakko is far from true, and it is presumed that zakko system was effectively abolished in 744 and had become nominal ever since.
更に戦後の一時期において唱えられた雑戸を中世の賎民の源流とする説は成立しがたく、雑戸制度の実質は天平16年の時点で事実上廃止され、以後は名目化の一途をたどっていったと思われる。