In Japan, the Keihan Keishin Line is the only one that serves as three different types of tracks: a subway, a mountain railway and a tram; a vehicle consisting of four cars enters a subway (Tozai Line of the Kyoto Municipal Subway) in the central part of Kyoto City (not a mutual entry but a single entry of the Keihan Keishin Line), runs through a steep curve and slope like a mountain railway near Osakayama, which used to be the hilliest part of the Kyu-Tokaido (the former Tokaido) on the boundary of Kyoto Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture, and runs like a tram along National Route 161 in the central part of Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture (between Misasagi Station shared with the Tozai Line of the Kyoto Municipal Subway, and Kyu-Misasagi-fudo Fumikiri (Railroad Crossing at the former Kyoto Prefecture Route of Misasagi) (Sanjo-dori Street) runs a subway).
京阪京津線は、4両編成の車両が京都市中心部地域では地下鉄（京都市営地下鉄京都市営地下鉄東西線）に乗り入れ（相互乗り入れではなく、片乗り入れ）、京都府と滋賀県との府県境にあり、旧東海道の難所でもあった逢坂山付近では、登山電車並みの急曲線・急勾配を走り抜け、滋賀県大津市中心部地域では、路面電車のように国道161号線上の併用軌道を走るという日本で唯一、地下鉄・登山鉄道・路面電車という3つの顔（京都市営地下鉄東西線との共同駅である御陵駅と旧御陵府道踏切（三条通）との間は、地下線）を持つ路線である。