From a historical point of view, it can be said that public gambling and lotteries operated by national and local governments are also a form of fushin monopolized by national and local governments following the model of jisha fushin.
国や地方自治体が行う公営賭博や宝くじも、歴史的に見れば寺社普請を真似た上に、国や地方自治体が独占した普請の手段と言える。