In addition, in the Asuka and Nara periods, there were eras in which systems of multi-capital (which might be called the second capital) were established in order to complement capital functions in economics and transportation.
なお、飛鳥-奈良時代には、首都機能を経済・交通の面で補完する第二首都とも言うべき複都制（陪都）が設けられていた時期があった（首都世界の首都）。