It was further considered that, given independent self-training without Buddhas' guidance nor their juki (endorsement), one could become an Arakan or Byakushibutsu; however, once they become either Arakan or Byakushibutsu they could not attain Buddhahood.
これらのない独自の修行は、阿羅漢(あらかん)や辟支仏(びゃくしぶつ)となる事は出来るが、それらになると二度と仏となる事が出来ない、と大乗仏教では考えられていた。