The tato farmers and the myoden fields were administered on a manor basis and supervised by a shokan (a manor officer) appointed as the lord of the manor, while the Imperial demesnes were administered on a gun (district), go (village), or ho (settlement) basis, and gunji (a district officer), goji (a village officer), and hoji (a public land officer) supervised respective lands.
田堵と名田は荘園単位、また公領では郡・郷・保単位で把握され、荘園領主に任命された荘官、国衙に任命された郡司、郷司、保司らの支配を受けた。