Sokichi TSUDA stated in "Nippon jodaishi kenkyu"(Research in the ancient history of Japan) published in 1930 that the terms such as 'Kokushi and Kuni no miyatsuko' (provincial governors and the heads of local governments) as well as the contents written in The 17-Article Constitution did not match the political system of the time of the reign of Empress Suiko, and that it was therefore established at a later time, i.e. around the time when the "Nihonshoki" was compiled.
津田左右吉は、1930年の『日本上代史研究』において、十七条憲法に登場する「国司国造」という言葉や書かれている内容は推古朝当時の政治体制と合わず、後世すなわち『日本書紀』編纂ごろに作成されたものであろうとした。