It is said that they were Shikigami (the spirit using magic or divination) used by EN no Ozunu, and they were sometimes regarded same as Gikaku and Gigen who were supposed to be En no Ozunu's disciples (their substantiality and the actual relation are unclear).
役小角の式神であったともいい、役小角の弟子とされる（実在性および実際の関係は不明）義覚・義玄と同一視されることもある。