Among the three offices in which three powers of the state were vested, Shihokan, that exercised judicial power, was under the supervision of Gyoseikan like the above-mentioned four bureaus, which made the independence of the Judiciary a mere formality.
三権を担う官のうち司法権を扱う司法官は、実際には4官同様、行政官の監督を受けていたため、司法権の独立は形骸化した。