During the Taisho period, Sokichi TSUDA published "Shindaishi no atarashii kenkyu" (New Research in the History of the Divine Age) and other works, in which he criticized the Japanese mythology from scientific view point, and concluded that Shindaiki (Records of the Age of the Gods) was a creation with a political intent.
大正時代に津田左右吉が『神代史の新しい研究』ほかを発表し、日本神話に科学的な観点から批評をおこない、神代記は政治的な意図で作られた創作であると結論づけた。