The riots and uprisings reached their peaks twice; the first one was when Edo bakufu implemented the second Choshu Expedition in 1866, and the second one was during the Boshin Civil War in 1868.
特に慶応2年（1866年）の第2次長州征伐中と同4年（明治元年・1868年）の戊辰戦争中にその最高潮に達した。