After Iemitsu TOKUGAWA died of illness, as his successor Ietsuna TOKUGAWA was still immature, Shosetsu YUI conspired with Chuya MARUBASHI and others to take Ietsuna TOKUGAWA into their custody, and staged a rebellion criticizing the politics of the bakufu and demanding the relief of ronin (the Keian Incident [1651]).
徳川家光が病没すると、後継である徳川家綱が幼弱であった為、由井正雪は丸橋忠弥等と共謀し、徳川家綱を奪取し、幕政批判と牢人救済を掲げた反乱を起こした（慶安の変（1651年））。