While the old takai-kan suggested that takai was the undefined world such as yominokuni (Hades) shown in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters) as well as the dim world which people would go after their death, the new takai-kan defined takai in detail, influenced by Taoism and Confucianism, therefore it imposed a heavy responsibility on each person because the new takai included Jigoku (hell) where people were tormented.
旧来は古事記に見られるような明確な定義の無い黄泉の国の他界観で、漠然と死後ただ行く世界であったのに対し、死した後の世界を詳細に定義付けた地獄(仏教)の他界観は道教と儒教の影響を色濃く受けた、人一人一人に対し厳しいものであったと言える。