His father Shigehira KOBAYAKAWA made some military achievements under the Kamakura Shogunate in the Jokyu War and newly won a role of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) at Takehara no sho (manor) in Tsu District, Aki Province (today's Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture) in addition to his home domain, Numata no sho, Aki Province, (today's Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture).
政景の父・小早川茂平は承久の乱で鎌倉幕府として軍功を挙げ、本拠地・安芸国沼田荘（広島県三原市）などの他に、新たに安芸国都宇竹原荘（広島県竹原市）の地頭職を得ていた。