Under such circumstances, Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji Imperial line attempted to overthrow the Bakufu twice to revive royal authority for the Imperial Palace (the Shochu Disturbance, the Genko Disturbance), his position was taken away from the bakufu and he was banished, but it caused the ruin of the Kamakura bakufu, Emperor Godaigo became Emperor again in Kyoto and started the Kenmu Restoration.
その状況下で大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇は、王権復興を目指して幕府追討計画を2度にわたって立て（正中の変・元弘の変）、幕府により廃位・流罪に処されるも、鎌倉幕府の滅亡をもたらし、京で復位した後、建武の新政を開始した。