However, in January 1866, the system of heifu was abolished and hatamoto paid cash instead of heifu, and bakufu directly hired soldiers with the cash (the bakufu infantry became a mercenary).
しかし、翌1866年1月に、兵賦については金納をもって替え、その資金で幕府が直接に雇用する形態となった（幕府歩兵隊の傭兵化）。