The Jifu (a type of literature between poetry and prose) novelists represented by Kutsugen (a Chinese scholar-official) in Chu in the end of the Warring States Period made fu (epic of jifu) for entertaining royalty.
また戦国時代(中国)末に現れた楚(春秋)の屈原に代表される辞賦作家は、王侯の娯楽用として賦を作った。