The biggest reason for this was that the Qing dynasty was forced into paying huge reparations by the Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Protocol; Xinchou was a name of the year in Chinese Sexagenary cycle), and had to pass this burden on to commoners.
これは後述する北京議定書（辛丑条約）によって過大な賠償金を強いられることになった清朝が、その負担を庶民に転嫁せざるを得なくなったことも大きな理由である。