Meanwhile, Ko Yui (Kang Youwei) who promoted the Changing-System Self-Strengthening Movement wrote "The Rediscovered Versions of the Confucian Classics," honoring Koshi as a system changer according to providence, and advocating Ko-kyo, which reinterpreted Ju-kyo as a European-style state religion.
一方、変法自強運動を進める康有為は、『孔子改制考』を著して孔子を受命改制者として顕彰し、儒教をヨーロッパ風の国家宗教として再解釈した孔教を提唱した。