There were many Jikonchi Kei Shoen in rural areas, in which vast wastelands were defined in order to develop the land with the aid of the Kokuga under the ritsuryo code, while, in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), there were many Kikonchi Ke Shoen, which were collected through purchase, exchange, transfer, and donation of well-cultivated rice fields called Konata.
律令国家・国衙の援助で広大な未開地を設定して開発する、自墾地系荘園（じこんちけいしょうえん）は地方に多く、すでに熟田化した墾田を買得・相博・譲与・寄進などで集積した、既墾地系荘園（きこんちけいしょうえん）は畿内に多い。