In the following Bunkyu Reforms (reforms in the Bunkyu era [1861 - 1864]), the military system was reformed rapidly: For example, military officers were selected among the hatamoto who had completed the training of rifle shooting and gunnery, based on their competence.
続く文久の改革によって銃術・砲術を修めた旗本たちの中から実力主義によって士官が選抜されるなどの急速な軍制改革が行われるようになった。