When the Tokugawa shogunate ended its policy of isolation and concluded treaties with foreign countries, opening Japan to the outside world, imperialism was fused with the principle of excluding foreigners, and grew into an anti-foreign imperialism; this became a conduit for criticism of shogunate policy and for the anti-shogunate movement, and exerted an influence on national polity theory and State Shinto.
幕府が諸外国と条約を結び、鎖国体制を解いて開国を行うと、攘夷論と結合して尊王攘夷(尊攘)となり、幕政批判や討幕運動などへと展開していく素地のひとつとなり、明治以降の国体論や国家神道へも影響する。