This was a sanction which was given to a person who violated the precepts of Buddhism, and there were various kinds of punishments ranging from the Tokira-zai Punishment, the lightest one to make a confession, and to the Harai-zai Punishment, the most serious one to be expelled from a religious group.
これは戒律に違背した者に行われた制裁であり、最も軽いものは懺悔を求める突吉羅（ときら）罪で、最も重いのは教団追放である波羅夷（はらい）罪まで、いくつかの種類がある。