The Heiji Rebellion is said to have been caused by the conflict between the factions of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and the Emperor Nijo; the presence of members of the anti-Shinzei group in both factions; and the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's inability to subdue them.
平治の乱の原因は、実際には後白河院政派と二条天皇親政派の対立、そしてその両派ともに反信西グループが居たこと、それらを後白河がまとめきれなかったことにあるとされる。