Sokyu UEDA and Gakyu OSAWA both of whom were concerned with movements for modern calligraphy in "Shodo Geijutsu-sha" established the "sho-no-bi" (calligraphic beauty) group and the "Heigen-sha" (literally, plain association) within Japan Calligraphy Art Academy, respectively, competing with each other.
「書道芸術社」で現代書の運動に関与した上田桑鳩と大澤雅休は、それぞれ書道芸術院内で、「書の美」と「平原社」のグループを結成し相拮抗していた。