During the late Heian period, FUJIWARA no Akihira authored "Unshushosoku," which is believed to be the oldest Oraimono (a textbook for primary education) in Japan, for court nobles to refer to when they prepared documents.
平安時代後期、藤原明衡が公家の文書作成のための参考とするために日本最古の往来物とされる『雲州消息』を執筆することとなる。