The railways run by local public bodies (public transportation) or joint public-private venture railway companies which were co-financed by private companies and local public bodies play roles for subways in cities and transport demands in areas where the transportation network is not well-organized.
地方公共団体（公営交通）や、民間企業と地方公共団体の共同出資による第三セクターによる鉄道は、都市部の地下鉄や、交通網が脆弱な地域の交通需要を担っている。