In Japan, immediately after the establishment of Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) which was to be the first full-fledged Ritsuryo system, Ryoge no kan such as Sangi (councillor), Zoheijokyoshi (temporary official of Heijo Palace construction), Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), Azechi were established.
日本でも、初の本格律令となる大宝律令の制定直後から、参議・造平城京使・中納言・按察使などの令外官が置かれていた。