At that time, the emperor organ theory was commonly accepted as evidence of the emperor's sovereignty, but in 1935, a member of the House of Peers and lieutenant general, Takeo KIKUCHI criticized the treaty for going against the national polity.
1935年（昭和10年）、貴族院(日本)議員で陸軍中将の菊池武夫(陸軍軍人)が、当時通説的地位を持っていた統治機構に関する学説である天皇機関説を、国体に反するものと非難。