In Japan, the ritsu provisions were different from actual punishment, and taking over the government by killing retainers or uprisings by Ezo (northerners) or Hayato people (an ancient tribe in Kyushu) were regarded as "反" or "謀反", even when the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was fully realized.
日本では律の規定と実際の刑罰に乖離があり、律令制全盛期でも、廷臣の殺害による政権奪取や、蝦夷や隼人の反乱が反・謀反とされていた。