The Boxer Protocol permitted foreign troops to be stationed at Beijing and Tianjin, and the Qing dynasty had to accept foreign control of financial affairs (custom tariff, 常関税, and salt tax were held as a guarantee until payment) due to the massive reparations, and the Republic of China was not set up as an independent nation, instead becoming a 'half-colony'.
北京議定書によって、北京や天津に外国の駐兵権を認め、また巨額の賠償金によって外国による財政支配（海関税・常関税・塩税が支払われるまでの担保として押さえられた）を受容せざるを得なくなった清朝、そして中華民国は、もはや独立国としての体裁をなさず、「半植民地」ともいうべき状態に陥った。