Takeshiro, born in 1837, as the fourth son of Morihiro NAGAYAMA who was a retainer of Kagoshima Domain, was adopted by Kihachiro NAGAYAMA who was also a retainer of Kagoshima Domain.
天保8年(1837年)、鹿児島藩士、永山盛広の四男として生まれた武四郎は、同じく鹿児島藩士の永山喜八郎の養子となる。