The papers that pointed out the possibility of the kokuga forces system and discussed the relation of the system to the origin of samurai include "A viewpoint concerning research about the military system in the early medieval period" written by Susumu ISHII ('Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies), No. 12, vol. 78, in 1969) and "The process in which the kokuga forces system was formed" written by Yoshimi TODA (recorded in 'Power and the general public in the medieval period,' published by Sogensha, in 1970).
国衙軍制の可能性を指摘し、それが武士の起源に関係することを論じたものには、石井進『中世成立期軍制研究の一視点』（「史学雑誌」78編12号所載、1969年）や戸田芳実『国衙軍制の形成過程』（「中世の権力と民衆」所載、創元社、1970年）などがある。