Although Bakufu-issued ordinances on isolation policies were implemented consistently, the Matsumae Domain, the Tsushima Domain and the Satsuma Domain, all of which were dealt with as special domains, carried out a variety of illegal trades (also called Nukeni in Japanese), making transactions in excess of the tolerable amount set by the Bakufu.
鎖国政策は、江戸幕府の法令のなかでは徹底された部類ではあったが、特例として認められていた松前藩、対馬藩や薩摩藩では、幕府の許容以上の額を一種の密貿易（抜荷）としておこなった。