Ryu Ki (Liu Ji) worked on establishing the Kakyo system of Ming, and adopted the Four Books of Confucianism as examination subjects, as well as specified 'Hakko-bun' (Eight-legged essay) described later as the format of writing used in examinations.
劉基は明の科挙制度の制定に取り組み、出題科目として四書を採用し、また試験に使う文章に後に言う「八股文」の形式を定めた。