In response, Konan NAITO in Japan proposed the view that the period of Wei and Jin in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the period of Sui and Tang should be regarded as periods of the Hoken system (the Tang-Song Transition Thesis).
これに対して日本では内藤湖南により魏晋南北朝時代・隋唐時代を封建制の時代とすべきと言う論が出された（唐宋変革論）。