As explained above, understanding of "Bankoku Koho" in Japan was closer to thought of natural law, but the book by Nishi was general information manual on international law, which took a stance based on positive law.
日本において『万国公法』理解が非常に自然法よりであったことは、すでに示したが、この西周本は実定法に依拠した国際法概説書であった。