In Navy, battles at close range using sharp weapons including swords, spears, bayonet drills, and knives and dull weapons such as bats were called hand-to-hand combat.
尚、陸軍において、刀剣、槍、銃剣、ナイフなどの鋭器や棍棒などの鈍器を用いた至近距離の戦闘は白兵戦と呼んだ。