Therefore, roads in Japan were hardly ever surfaced, and vehicles with wheels used on the roads in Japan were only load-carrying vehicles, such as large carts, and some cow-drawn buggies.
このため、日本の道路は鋪装されることがほとんどなく、車輪を用いた車は大八車といった荷物運搬用以外に用いられることは、牛車などしかなかった。