In addition, China-centered consciousness, in which Silla was considered a barbarian country and Emishi in the northeastern area as well as Hayato in the southern Kyushu area were considered kegaimin (outsiders), heightened.
また、新羅を蕃国とし、東北地方の蝦夷・南九州の隼人を化外民とする中華意識が高まった。