FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who was the most influential figure in the world of politics, came into collision with the Retired Empress Koken and in 764 he raised a rebellion (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro); thereupon the Retired Empress gathered the court nobles who had discontent in the autocracy of Nakamaro and destroyed him.
天平宝字8年（764年）、孝謙上皇と対立した最高実力者・藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）と上皇は仲麻呂の専制に不満を持つ貴族たちを結集して仲麻呂を滅ばした。