Under the ritsuryo system, those with ranks Shoshiinojo Sangi, Jusanmi, or higher added 'Ason' (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) under their family names and a title of honor, 'kyo,' was added under their first names (imina (real name)), while those who served as a minister were given a title of honor, 'ko.'
律令制下においては、正四位上参議及び従三位以上の有位者は氏の下に「朝臣」の姓を名乗り、さらに名（諱）の下に「卿」の敬称が付され、さらに大臣の任にある者への敬称は「公」とされた。