In addition to the machi-bugyo (town magistrate) appointed for Osaka, Kyoto and Sunpu, bugyo were also appointed for other places such as Nagasaki; these positions were mainly held by bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
大坂・京都・駿府の町奉行のほか、長崎奉行などが置かれ、その職には主に幕府旗本が任ぜられた。