Japanese engineers began to be developed through higher education in hydrology at schools such as Koka Daigakko College (Currently the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Engineering) and in universities in the US and Europe.
後に、工科大学校（現・東京大学工学部）を始め、欧米諸国の大学で水文学をはじめとする高等教育を受けた内務省土木局の日本人技術者が台頭した。