PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 44547/10) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a British national, Mr Graham Jason Piper (“the applicant”), on 20 July 2010.

The applicant was represented by Mr C. Convey, a barrister practising in London, instructed by Lound Mulrenan Jefferies Solicitors. The United Kingdom Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms Y. Ahmed, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

On 26 August 2011 the application was communicated to the Government.

THE FACTS

THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The applicant was born in 1948 and lives in Essex. The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, can be summarised as follows.

A. The applicant’s arrest and trial

The applicant was arrested in the Netherlands on 31 January 1999. On 3 February 1999, following transfer to the United Kingdom, he was charged with the attempted importation of 163 kilograms (compressed weight) of cocaine with a potential street value of GBP 11 million.

Prior to trial, in order to seize and preserve the applicant’s assets for future confiscation in the event of a conviction, the prosecution applied for and obtained a restraint order and the appointment of a receiver under section 26 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 (“the 1994 Act”). The receiver sought to sell the applicant’s horses immediately and this was successfully challenged by the applicant. In its judgment dated 23 July 1999 the Court of Appeal confirmed that the purpose of the 1994 Act was to preserve the value of assets for the purpose of future confiscation proceedings.

Also prior to trial, the applicant sought to challenge the admissibility of telephone interception evidence obtained in the Netherlands. He ultimately pursued an appeal to the House of Lords, which delivered its judgment against the applicant on 24 March 2000.

The trial subsequently commenced in the Crown Court in June 2000. However, after the jury had already retired to consider their verdict a prejudicial document was discovered within the jury bundle. The fault for this lay with the prosecution, a matter admitted at the time. Consequently, on 31 August 2000 the jury were discharged.

A retrial commenced on 6 April 2001. At the start of the retrial the applicant’s counsel pursued an unsuccessful application to stay the proceedings on grounds of hardship suffered as a result of the prosecution’s negligence in causing the first trial to be abandoned.

On 5 June 2001 the applicant was found guilty of the offences charged. On 6 June 2001 he was sentenced to fourteen years’ imprisonment. He lodged an appeal against sentence, which was unsuccessful. In 2004 he lodged an out-of-time appeal against conviction. He was released from prison in February 2006 and, on 17 November 2006, he abandoned his appeal (see further paragraph 29 below).

B. The confiscation proceedings

The 1994 Act provides for the making of a confiscation order in the event of a conviction for drug trafficking offences. Accordingly, prior to the sentencing hearing, the prosecution served notice under section 2 of the Act of its intention to seek a confiscation order and a statement under section 11 of the Act containing the prosecution’s assessment of whether the applicant had benefited from drug trafficking and the value of his proceeds of drug trafficking.

At the sentencing hearing on 6 June 2001, the judge ordered the defence to serve a written response to the prosecution’s statement within six weeks. The defence failed to serve its response within the six-week period. At the prosecution’s request, a further procedural hearing took place on 9 October 2001. At this hearing, the judge was informed that the delay in serving the defence response had been caused by the applicant moving prisons and wishing to instruct new solicitors. The prosecution drew the judge’s attention to section 3 of the 1994 Act, which provided a six-month deadline in respect of the confiscation proceedings. Prosecution counsel indicated that an extension of the deadline might be required. Defence counsel confirmed that the applicant wished to apply for a transfer to new solicitors and agreed that an extension would probably be required as it was unlikely that a fresh legal team would be ready by 6 December 2001 when the current deadline was due to expire. The judge granted a short adjournment of 28 days to resolve the matter of transferring representation.

On 6 November 2001 the court granted a defence application for the transfer of legal aid. The new defence representative sought an adjournment of three weeks to allow new counsel to receive the papers and take instructions from the applicant. The prosecution did not oppose the application but reminded the judge that under section 3 of the 1994 Act, the judge needed to find “exceptional circumstances” before the timetable could be extended beyond the six-month deadline. Defence counsel was unable to address the judge on the point of “exceptional circumstances” owing to his lack of familiarity with the case. Accordingly, the matter was adjourned to 4 December 2001 to review progress.

On 4 December 2001 defence counsel indicated to the judge that, owing to the complexities of the case, he would not have a defence response prepared before Easter 2002. He also indicated that a contested hearing, which the parties now appeared to consider necessary, would require a two-week time estimate. The judge was again referred to section 3 of the 1994 Act and it was decided with the agreement of all parties to postpone the confiscation timetable to the end of May 2002 pursuant to the court’s powers under that section. The judge suggested a provisional date of 20 May 2002 for the substantive confiscation hearing.

At a hearing on 25 January 2002, the defence gave notice that it wished to challenge the validity of the postponement of the confiscation hearing on the basis that the Crown Court had no jurisdiction because procedural requirements had not been properly followed by the judge at the hearing on 4 December 2001. The judge set a timetable for the service of skeleton arguments on the jurisdiction point and fixed 14 March 2002 for legal argument on the matter.

In early March, as a result of informal discussions between junior counsel for both sides regarding a case pending before the Court of Appeal on the jurisdiction point, the 14 March 2002 date was vacated. In the event, the pending appeal case was subsequently conceded by the prosecution so no oral argument took place in that case. A review hearing in the applicant’s case was scheduled for 22 March 2002.

Prior to the hearing on 22 March 2002 it became apparent that the parties had misunderstood each other in agreeing to vacate the 14 March 2002 date. Counsel for the defence had understood that if the appeal in the other case was decided in the appellant’s favour, the prosecution in the applicant’s case would terminate the confiscation proceedings against him. Counsel for the prosecution denied that such an undertaking was ever made. Counsel for the defence indicated his intention to argue abuse of process on the basis that an undertaking had been given and was then reneged upon.

On 22 March 2002, the prosecution indicated its intention to proceed with the confiscation hearing on 20 May 2002, as planned. The defence requested that legal argument on jurisdiction and abuse of process be postponed to suit the diary of leading counsel. The judge noted that it was “a supreme irony frankly ... that this case was adjourned solely for Mr Piper’s benefit and he now has the temerity to say that there is no jurisdiction to try him.” He also commented that since the prosecution had produced its statement under section 11 of the 1994 Act before the sentencing hearing on 6 June 2001, Mr Piper had done absolutely nothing. The judge indicated his preference for retention of the May date for the substantive hearing with any legal argument to take place beforehand, suggesting that alternative leading counsel could be found. Defence counsel proposed instead that the May date be set down for legal argument and after that, unless the confiscation proceedings had fallen away, the defence would serve their response by the end of May. The judge reluctantly put back the substantive confiscation proceedings until 13 June 2002, noting that he was “very loath to have further slippage than is absolutely necessary”.

On 22, 23 and 27 May 2002 two defence applications submitted by newly instructed leading counsel were heard. The first was to stay the confiscation proceedings on grounds of abuse of process; the second was for an order declaring that there was no jurisdiction to continue the confiscation proceedings on account of the judge having failed to observe the proper procedural requirements when he postponed the confiscation hearing on 4 December 2001.

In his ruling of 27 May 2002 the judge found, in relation to the jurisdiction point that the original adjournment was to afford the defence more time, that no defence response had been forthcoming to the prosecution statement and that further delay had been caused by the applicant wishing to instruct new solicitors. He indicated that he had listed the case on 4 December 2001, two days before the six-month time-limit expired, and that on that date he had postponed the listing to 31 May 2002 in compliance with section 3 of the 1994 Act. He further found that no prejudice had been caused to the applicant as a result of the postponement. Accordingly, he concluded that the court had jurisdiction to deal with the confiscation proceedings. On the issue of abuse of process, the judge ruled that there had been a misunderstanding between counsel as to whether any undertaking had been given and that no abuse therefore arose. Following the ruling, the confiscation proceedings were adjourned and fixed for September 2002 to allow the defence to prepare their case.

Further argument then took place in relation to the jurisdiction point following a Court of Appeal judgment on 27 June 2002 in which a confiscation order was quashed following a finding that a Crown Court judge had not complied with the requirements of section 3 of the 1994 Act. The applicant asked the judge to reconsider his ruling of 27 May 2002. The judge considered the applicant’s case to be distinguishable on the facts. However, on the request of the defence and following advice from both parties that an interlocutory appeal could be completed quickly and that the September 2002 confiscation hearing would not need to be vacated, he certified the point as fit for appeal to the Court of Appeal.

The applicant duly lodged an appeal on the jurisdiction point. For unknown reasons, matters proceeded more slowly than the parties had expected and the September confiscation hearing did not go ahead. A further judgment in a similar appeal was handed down by the Court of Appeal on 16 December 2002 (R v Knights (Richard Michael) and others [2002] EWCA Crim 2954). An appeal against that judgment was lodged with the House of Lords.

The applicant’s case was adjourned further in December 2002 and February 2003 on application by him under section 3 of the 1994 Act, the “exceptional circumstances” being the pending House of Lords appeals. The parties were requested to keep the court updated. The applicant was subsequently informed by letter from the Court of Appeal dated 24 March 2003 that a question had been certified for the House of Lords in the case of Knights and others and that all similar appeals, including his own, would be held in abeyance until that appeal had been decided by the House of Lords.

As a result of this, and disclosure issues in relation to the receiver, the matter was further postponed in September 2003 until 9 January 2004 by which time the House of Lords had not issued a judgment in Knights and others. The judge allowed a one-week adjournment to obtain an update from the judicial office of the House of Lords. He was reminded by the applicant that he would again need to formally postpone the confiscation hearing. The judge proposed a further six-month postponement, on the proviso that he be provided with more up to date information in a week’s time and that if the proceedings could be listed and dealt with before the six-month period had expired, the parties should arrange this. Both counsel agreed.

Further hearings took place in June and July 2004. However, the House of Lords had still not issued a judgment. Further postponements were ordered.

On 27 September 2004 the judge was informed that the applicant had lodged an out-of-time appeal with the Court of Appeal against his conviction. Accordingly, there was little point in fixing a date for a substantive hearing in the confiscation proceedings. The applicant suggested a postponement to June of 2005. The judge agreed to the postponement on condition that the parties kept him informed of any progress in the meantime.

On 21 July 2005 the House of Lords handed down their judgments in two jurisdiction appeals (R v Knights and others [2005] UKHL 50; and R v Soneji and another [2005] UKHL 49). It upheld the confiscation orders, stating that any prejudice caused to the defendants by delay was outweighed by the public interest in not allowing convicted offenders to escape confiscation for bona fide errors in the judicial process.

On 28 July 2005 a procedural hearing was held in the Crown Court in the applicant’s case. The applicant’s counsel acknowledged that the House of Lords judgment effectively ruled out the prospect of a successful appeal on jurisdiction. The applicant requested a further adjournment to allow the parties to discuss matters further and agree amongst themselves a convenient date in September for the next hearing. The judge agreed to an adjournment. It is unclear whether a hearing took place in September or whether further adjournments were agreed in light of the applicant’s pending appeal against conviction.

In the meantime, from October to December 2005, separate hearings were held in the Court of Appeal relating to the applicant’s appeal against conviction. On 1 February 2006, the applicant was released from prison, having served half of his sentence. On 17 November 2006, apparently following adverse outcomes on various issues relating to his appeal, the applicant abandoned his appeal against conviction.

On 8 December 2006 at a review hearing in the confiscation proceedings, the applicant informed the court that he had a large number of witnesses and a great deal of work was yet to be done. The applicant’s counsel gave notice of a potential abuse argument arising from the deaths of two of his witnesses. The judge fixed a timetable for further proceedings, including the lodging of an amended “section 11 statement” by the prosecution and reply by the applicant. The matter was listed for a hearing in late January 2007. The prosecution served the amended statement in January 2007. At the hearing on 25 January 2007 it was agreed to seek suitable dates in April 2007.

At a directions hearing on 16 April 2007 the applicant’s counsel again raised issues relating to the volume of work and requested until the end of May to respond to the prosecution’s “section 11 statement”. The judge extended the deadline to 1 June 2007 and ordered that the prosecution serve any further response within four weeks. A procedural hearing was agreed for 6 July 2007. The judge further extended the deadline for the confiscation hearing on the grounds of “exceptional circumstances”, stating that this was “a wholly exceptional case”.

At the procedural hearing on 6 July 2007 the applicant proposed November 2007 for the substantive confiscation hearing and assured the judge that the hearing would not last longer than a week. The judge was scheduled to start a complex trial on 12 November 2007 to last until Christmas. He therefore listed the applicant’s case for 6 November 2007. On 1 November 2007 the parties appeared before the judge. The applicant’s counsel informed the judge that, contrary to previous advice to the court, one week would be insufficient for the substantive hearing as he now wished to call more witnesses than had originally been indicated. The judge’s other commitments precluded a rescheduled hearing taking place before Christmas and counsel could not agree on dates after Christmas. The judge decided to keep the hearing fixed for 6 November 2007 to clarify the situation as to dates. The matter was further adjourned at hearings that took place in November 2007 and December 2007. The substantive hearing was listed for 20 July 2008, with a time estimate of two weeks, but in fact lasted four days from 22 to 24 July 2008.

The judge delivered his ruling on the confiscation on 19 December 2008. He identified the total amount of the applicant’s benefit from criminal conduct as GBP 1,840,563. He found the principal realisable asset to be a farm, which was valued at GBP 690,000. A confiscation order was made, with a three-year term of imprisonment to be served consecutive to the main sentence in default of payment. In his judgment, the judge also addressed the question of delay, noting that the delay incurred resulted partly from the applicant’s desire to challenge the jurisdiction of the court, partly from his appeal to the Court of Appeal and partly from his decision to change his legal representatives.

On 11 February 2009 the applicant requested the judge to vary the confiscation order and reopen his findings on the delay issue on the basis of the judgment of this Court in Bullen and Soneji v. the United Kingdom, no. 3383/06, 8 January 2009. The judge declined, noting that it was now for the applicant to seek other remedies.

C. Proceedings before the Court of Appeal

The applicant applied, out of time,0 to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal the confiscation order. He argued, first, that the judge had erred in including the current value of the farm within the benefit figure of the proceeds of drug trafficking; and, secondly, that the delay in the disposal of the confiscation proceedings had breached his right to a fair trial and to a trial within a reasonable time under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.

An oral hearing took place before the full court to decide upon both leave to appeal and the merits on 17 March 2010. The Court of Appeal granted leave to appeal but dismissed the appeal itself, upholding the confiscation order and finding no violation of Article 6 § 1. As regards the delay complaint, the court considered the whole period from the applicant’s arrest in January 1999 to the making of the confiscation order in December 2008. It indicated that the delay: “3. ... raises a prima facie case of a significant breach of Article 6. Unless there is a satisfactory explanation for it, it is a chronology which is way, way below the standards which are expected and achieved in the courts of this country. ...

... We start with the proposition that the passage of such a length of time as we have described calls for the most careful investigation and detailed justification. It is simply on the face of it well beyond acceptable.”

The court found that the period from the applicant’s arrest in January 1999 to the conclusion of his first trial on 31 August 2000 was wholly unexceptional and reasonable. As to the period between the discharge of the jury in the first trial to the conclusion of the second trial in June 2001, a period of ten months, the court accepted that the abandonment of the first trial was the fault of the prosecution, noting: “11. ... The trial had to start all over again. It was not concluded by conviction at the end of the second trial until 5th June 2001. There is thus a period of 10 months from 31st August 2000 until 5th June 2001 which was an unnecessary delay attributable to the error, although in good faith, made on behalf of the prosecution by some junior clerk. That period is therefore potentially available to be considered as the responsibility of the State.”

The court then examined the delay from the end of the second trial in June 2001 until July 2005, when the House of Lords’ judgment in the jurisdiction appeals was handed down. It observed that at the outset of this period, the confiscation proceedings were moving in good time. The court considered that there would have been a hearing of the confiscation question in about the spring or early summer of 2002, if that probable timetable had not been overtaken by the applicant’s challenge to the court’s jurisdiction, of which the court noted;. “14. ... He was entitled to do so. The issue was raised before the trial judge in the early part of 2002 ... The controversy as to the correct construction of the confiscation legislation was not resolved until the decision of the House of Lords in R v Bullen and Soneji ... In fact the question raised and decided went further than simply the confiscation legislation. It bore on a broader question of when technical failure to abide exactly by prescribed procedure has the effect of nullifying the subsequent actions of courts which is, of course, a very large general question.” The Court of Appeal considered that it was in the applicant’s interests to await the eventual authoritative ruling of the House of Lords. It therefore concluded that the delay that arose in this respect could not be criticised.

In the period from July 2005 until the applicant abandoned his appeal against conviction in November 2006, the court considered that the delay was the result of the appeal lodged “long out of time”, noting: “17. ... Whilst an appeal against conviction was outstanding there could not of course sensibly be a confiscation hearing because if the defendant’s conviction disappeared so would any prospect of confiscation.” The court observed that the applicant had engaged a third counsel for the appeal, and pursued it on grounds that had never been supported by those who had conducted his trial. It further noted that the various grounds advanced by the applicant fell away one by one over that period, but one of them remained and was not finally laid to rest until November 2006. The court concluded: “19. ... The simple fact is that the appeal on this ground, as on the others, had always been without any proper basis or merit. It is this additional period to which we referred prospectively earlier on as an example of the defendant taking the course that he is quite entitled to do – leaving no legal stone unturned – but adding to the passage of time as a result. We are satisfied that nothing in that period can be called unreasonable delay attributable to the act or omission of the State.”

As regards the period between November 2006 and December 2008, when the confiscation order was eventually made, the Court of Appeal noted that the parties had returned promptly to the Crown Court for the resumption of the confiscation issue within a fortnight of the abandonment of the appeal against conviction. It was apparent at the hearing of 8 December 2006 that the prosecution was pressing for a short timetable. The applicant’s representatives, on the other hand, wanted a longer timetable and were seeking additional time on the grounds that they had an enormous volume of work and would be calling a large number of witnesses, and might even be mounting an abuse argument on the grounds that some potential witnesses had died. Hearings were adjourned owing to the applicant’s applications. Although the Court of Appeal did not blame the applicant for his conduct, the court made it clear that any additional passage of time as a result of that conduct was not attributable to any act of the State. It observed in particular that: “20. ... At one such hearing, in January 2007, the defendant through his lawyers indicated that there would be no less than 49 witnesses necessary to be examined at the confiscation hearing ... [that] was eventually set down for November, taking into account the potentially large number of witnesses and time that would be needed. At that stage the estimate, which according to English practice will have been an estimate contributed to by both parties, was five days. That is a very long time for a confiscation hearing but if the time has to be found it has to be found. However, that date had to be broken on the application of the defendant because they assured the judge that they had so many witnesses to call that in fact 14 days would be needed, that is three court weeks, to hear the confiscation question. In the end, the defendant called five (not 49) witnesses and one of those was himself.”

The court commented on the time taken by the Crown Court judge to deliver his ruling (some four and a half months after the conclusion of the confiscation hearing) as follows: “22. ... We do not doubt that that will be attributable to the demands made on the judges at the Central Criminal Court, but it is too long and that period, or at least part of it, is no doubt the responsibility of the State. Judgments of this kind ought to be delivered within, at the very least, two or three months.”

Looking at the passage of time as a whole, the court concluded that there had not been in the applicant’s case unreasonable delay attributable to the acts of the State. The court also considered the impact of the passage of time upon the applicant, and acknowledged that he and his wife lived throughout this time with the uncertainty of whether they would lose his family home. However, given that his assets remained the same throughout the whole period and that he continued to enjoy his home which might have otherwise been taken from him earlier, the court had very little doubt about where the balance of advantage lay. It concluded: “25. The reality of this case is that this was a defendant of resourceful approach who deployed every possible legal stratagem to delay the confiscation process. He cannot now be heard to say that as a result of his having succeeded in delaying it, it has become unfair for the confiscation order to proceed. If there had been unreasonable delay attributable to the State, in the absence of any possible damage to the defendant beyond the very limited uncertainty that we have mentioned we are quite satisfied that this could not possibly have been a case in which the appropriate remedy would have been a stay of the confiscation process for abuse of process. There would simply have been nothing remotely unfair about the defendant eventually having to disgorge the confiscation which was the consequence of his offending. The appropriate remedy would, hypothetically, as it seems to us, have been a declaration. But that does not in the end arise. It follows that the substantive ground ... in relation to Article 6 fails.”

Since the lodging of his application to this Court, a further judgment has been handed down by the High Court on 7 December 2011, substantially reducing the amount of assets payable under the confiscation order (CPS v Piper [2011] EWHC 3570 (Admin)).
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44547/10
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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British
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DIRECT
Mr Graham Jason Piper
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20 July 2010
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Mr C. Convey
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London
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Lound Mulrenan Jefferies
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United Kingdom Government
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Ms Y. Ahmed
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Foreign and Commonwealth Office
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26 August 2011
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1948
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Essex
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Netherlands
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31 January 1999
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3 February 1999
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United Kingdom
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163 kilograms
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GBP 11 million
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23 July 1999
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Netherlands
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House of Lords
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24 March 2000
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Crown Court
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June 2000
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31 August 2000
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6 April 2001
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5 June 2001
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6 June 2001
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fourteen years
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2004
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February 2006
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17 November 2006
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1994
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6 June 2001
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six weeks
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six-week
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9 October 2001
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six-month
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6 December 2001
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28 days
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6 November 2001
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three weeks
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4 December 2001
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4 December 2001
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2002
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May 2002
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20 May 2002
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25 January 2002
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4 December 2001
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001-153922_a8_em55
DATETIME
QUASI
14 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e50
001-153922_a8_em56
DATETIME
QUASI
March
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e49
001-153922_a8_em57
DATETIME
QUASI
14 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e51
001-153922_a8_em58
DATETIME
QUASI
22 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e51
001-153922_a8_em59
DATETIME
QUASI
22 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e49
001-153922_a8_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
14 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e51
001-153922_a8_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
22 March 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e47
001-153922_a8_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
20 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e4
001-153922_a8_em63
PERSON
DIRECT
001-153922_a8_em4
Mr Piper
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e29
001-153922_a8_em64
DATETIME
QUASI
6 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e4
001-153922_a8_em65
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Piper
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e52
001-153922_a8_em66
DATETIME
NO_MASK
May
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e52
001-153922_a8_em67
DATETIME
NO_MASK
May
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e52
001-153922_a8_em68
DATETIME
NO_MASK
May
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e53
001-153922_a8_em69
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e54
001-153922_a8_em70
DATETIME
QUASI
22, 23 and 27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e43
001-153922_a8_em71
DATETIME
QUASI
4 December 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e55
001-153922_a8_em72
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e43
001-153922_a8_em73
DATETIME
QUASI
4 December 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e56
001-153922_a8_em74
DATETIME
NO_MASK
two days
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e38
001-153922_a8_em75
DATETIME
NO_MASK
six-month
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e57
001-153922_a8_em76
DATETIME
QUASI
31 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e34
001-153922_a8_em77
DATETIME
QUASI
1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e58
001-153922_a8_em78
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e59
001-153922_a8_em79
DATETIME
QUASI
27 June 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e24
001-153922_a8_em80
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e55
001-153922_a8_em81
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e58
001-153922_a8_em82
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e60
001-153922_a8_em83
DATETIME
QUASI
September
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e61
001-153922_a8_em84
DATETIME
QUASI
16 December 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e62
001-153922_a8_em85
MISC
NO_MASK
R v Knights (Richard Michael) and others
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e44
001-153922_a8_em86
DATETIME
QUASI
2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em87
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e63
001-153922_a8_em88
DATETIME
QUASI
December 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e64
001-153922_a8_em89
DATETIME
QUASI
February 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em90
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e65
001-153922_a8_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
24 March 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em92
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e66
001-153922_a8_em93
MISC
NO_MASK
case of Knights and others
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em94
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e67
001-153922_a8_em95
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e68
001-153922_a8_em96
DATETIME
QUASI
9 January 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em97
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e69
001-153922_a8_em98
DATETIME
NO_MASK
one-week
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em99
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e38
001-153922_a8_em100
DATETIME
NO_MASK
six-month
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e70
001-153922_a8_em101
DATETIME
NO_MASK
week’s
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e38
001-153922_a8_em102
DATETIME
NO_MASK
six-month
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e71
001-153922_a8_em103
DATETIME
QUASI
June and July 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em104
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e72
001-153922_a8_em105
DATETIME
QUASI
27 September 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e73
001-153922_a8_em106
DATETIME
QUASI
June of 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e74
001-153922_a8_em107
DATETIME
QUASI
21 July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em108
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e75
001-153922_a8_em109
MISC
NO_MASK
R v Knights and others
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e76
001-153922_a8_em110
DATETIME
NO_MASK
2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e77
001-153922_a8_em111
MISC
NO_MASK
R v Soneji and another
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e76
001-153922_a8_em112
DATETIME
NO_MASK
2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e78
001-153922_a8_em113
DATETIME
QUASI
28 July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e24
001-153922_a8_em114
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em115
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e60
001-153922_a8_em116
DATETIME
QUASI
September
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e60
001-153922_a8_em117
DATETIME
QUASI
September
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e79
001-153922_a8_em118
DATETIME
QUASI
October to December 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e80
001-153922_a8_em119
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e33
001-153922_a8_em120
DATETIME
QUASI
17 November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e81
001-153922_a8_em121
DATETIME
QUASI
8 December 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e82
001-153922_a8_em122
DATETIME
QUASI
January 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e82
001-153922_a8_em123
DATETIME
QUASI
January 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e83
001-153922_a8_em124
DATETIME
QUASI
25 January 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e84
001-153922_a8_em125
DATETIME
QUASI
April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e85
001-153922_a8_em126
DATETIME
QUASI
16 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e52
001-153922_a8_em127
DATETIME
NO_MASK
May
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e86
001-153922_a8_em128
DATETIME
QUASI
1 June 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e87
001-153922_a8_em129
DATETIME
NO_MASK
four weeks
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e88
001-153922_a8_em130
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e88
001-153922_a8_em131
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e89
001-153922_a8_em132
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e90
001-153922_a8_em133
DATETIME
QUASI
12 November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e91
001-153922_a8_em134
DATETIME
QUASI
6 November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e92
001-153922_a8_em135
DATETIME
QUASI
1 November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e93
001-153922_a8_em136
DATETIME
NO_MASK
one week
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e91
001-153922_a8_em137
DATETIME
QUASI
6 November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e89
001-153922_a8_em138
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e94
001-153922_a8_em139
DATETIME
QUASI
December 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e95
001-153922_a8_em140
DATETIME
QUASI
20 July 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e96
001-153922_a8_em141
DATETIME
NO_MASK
two weeks
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e97
001-153922_a8_em142
DATETIME
NO_MASK
four days
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e98
001-153922_a8_em143
DATETIME
QUASI
22 to 24 July 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e99
001-153922_a8_em144
DATETIME
QUASI
19 December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e100
001-153922_a8_em145
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 1,840,563
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e101
001-153922_a8_em146
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 690,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e102
001-153922_a8_em147
DATETIME
QUASI
three-year
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e103
001-153922_a8_em148
DATETIME
QUASI
11 February 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e104
001-153922_a8_em149
MISC
NO_MASK
Bullen and Soneji v. the United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e105
001-153922_a8_em150
CODE
NO_MASK
3383/06
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e106
001-153922_a8_em151
DATETIME
NO_MASK
8 January 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e107
001-153922_a8_em152
DATETIME
QUASI
17 March 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e108
001-153922_a8_em153
DATETIME
QUASI
January 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e109
001-153922_a8_em154
DATETIME
QUASI
December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e108
001-153922_a8_em155
DATETIME
QUASI
January 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e26
001-153922_a8_em156
DATETIME
QUASI
31 August 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e110
001-153922_a8_em157
DATETIME
QUASI
June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e111
001-153922_a8_em158
DATETIME
NO_MASK
ten months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e112
001-153922_a8_em159
DATETIME
QUASI
5th June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e113
001-153922_a8_em160
DATETIME
QUASI
10 months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e114
001-153922_a8_em161
DATETIME
QUASI
31st August 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e112
001-153922_a8_em162
DATETIME
QUASI
5th June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e110
001-153922_a8_em163
DATETIME
QUASI
June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e115
001-153922_a8_em164
DATETIME
QUASI
July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em165
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-153922_a8_e44
001-153922_a8_em166
DATETIME
QUASI
2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e44
001-153922_a8_em167
DATETIME
QUASI
2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em168
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e22
001-153922_a8_em169
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e115
001-153922_a8_em170
DATETIME
QUASI
July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e116
001-153922_a8_em171
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e116
001-153922_a8_em172
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e116
001-153922_a8_em173
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e109
001-153922_a8_em174
DATETIME
QUASI
December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e24
001-153922_a8_em175
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e81
001-153922_a8_em176
DATETIME
QUASI
8 December 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e82
001-153922_a8_em177
DATETIME
QUASI
January 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e117
001-153922_a8_em178
DATETIME
NO_MASK
November
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e118
001-153922_a8_em179
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e119
001-153922_a8_em180
DATETIME
NO_MASK
five days
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e120
001-153922_a8_em181
DATETIME
NO_MASK
14 days
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e24
001-153922_a8_em182
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e121
001-153922_a8_em183
ORG
NO_MASK
Central Criminal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e122
001-153922_a8_em184
DATETIME
NO_MASK
two or three months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e123
001-153922_a8_em185
ORG
NO_MASK
High Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e124
001-153922_a8_em186
DATETIME
NO_MASK
7 December 2011
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-153922_a8_e125
001-153922_a8_em187
MISC
NO_MASK
CPS v Piper
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-153922_a8_e126
001-153922_a8_em188
DATETIME
NO_MASK
2011
Graham Jason Piper
GBR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Graham Jason Piper