PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 4451/02) against the Republic of Turkey lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by nine Turkish nationals, Ms Gülistan Kaya, Mr Efendi Kaya, Ms Aylen Kaya, Mr Mehmet Kaya, Mr Mustafa Kaya, Mr Hakkı Kaya, Ms Çiçek Kaya, Ms Vesile Kaya and Mr Savaş Kaya (“the applicants”), on 27 July 2001.

The applicants were represented by Mr M. N. Yalçı, a lawyer practising in Diyarbakır. The Turkish Government (“the Government”) did not designate an Agent for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court.

The applicants alleged that their relative, Hakkı Kaya, had been abducted and killed by agents of the State and that the national authorities had failed to conduct an adequate and effective investigation. They invoked Articles 2, 5, 6 and 13 of the Convention.

The application was allocated to the Second Section of the Court (Rule 52 § 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 § 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 § 1.

On 1 November 2004 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 § 1). This case was assigned to the newly composed Second Section (Rule 52 § 1).

By a decision of 4 October 2005, the Court declared the application admissible.

The applicants and the Government each filed further written observations on the merits (Rule 59 § 1).

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

A. Facts as submitted by the parties

The applicants were born in 1950, 1966, 1972, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990 and 1993, respectively, and live in Diyarbakır. The first applicant is the wife and the remainder of the applicants are the children of Hakkı Kaya, who has been missing since 16 November 1996.

On 16 November 1996 at about 3 p.m. Hakkı Kaya and his two friends Mr Ahmet Yaşar and a certain Mehmet (full name unknown) were walking in the city centre in Diyarbakır. While they were in front of the Forest Directorate building, a white Renault estate car, with the registration number 06 EKN 22, approached them. Three men dressed in civilian clothes and carrying walkie-talkies introduced themselves as police officers and carried out an identity check. They then forced Mr Kaya into the vehicle, stating that he had to go to the police station to make a statement.

On 28 November 1996 the second applicant filed a complaint with the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor’s office and requested the Prosecutor to investigate Hakkı Kaya’s disappearance. On the same day, Hakkı Kaya’s brother, Mr Şefik Kaya, petitioned the Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor’s office and requested information about his brother’s whereabouts.

On 4 December 1996 the police took a statement from Mr Ahmet Yaşar, an eye-witness to Hakkı Kaya’s abduction. In his statement, Mr Yaşar explained that on the day of the incident, while he and his two friends were walking in front of the Diyarbakır Forest Directorate Building, a white Toros estate car with the registration number 06 EKN 22 had approached them. The men in the car carried out an identity check and told Mr Yaşar that he could leave. Mr Yaşar explained that, as everything had happened very quickly, he was unable to give a precise description of these men. He recalled however that one of them was blond, and another had curly hair. He had no idea for whom they were working.

On 5 January 1997 the Diyarbakır Gendarmerie Commander informed the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor that Hakkı Kaya had not been taken into custody.

On 17 March 1997 the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor declared a lack of jurisdiction and transferred the case to the Diyarbakır Chief Public Prosecutor’s office. The latter commenced an investigation into Mr Kaya’s disappearance and requested the Diyarbakır Security Directorate to search for him. Since that date, the Security Directorate has been sending regular reports to the Prosecutor and checking the customs’ records to see whether Hakkı Kaya has left the country.

On 27 March 1997 the Human Rights Investigation Committee at the Turkish Grand National Assembly informed the applicants that Hakkı Kaya was not in detention. The Committee further informed the applicants that the car with the registration number 06 EKN 22 was a Fiat Şahin, and not a white Toros estate car as alleged, and it belonged to a certain Y.C., who resided in Ankara.

On 7 September 1998 the police took Efendi Kaya’s statement. In his statement, Efendi Kaya explained that his father had been missing since November 1996 and that he had not received any news from him since.

On 28 January 2000 the applicants filed a further complaint with the Public Prosecutor. On 12 June 2000 the police once again took a statement from Efendi Kaya, who repeated his statement of 7 September 1998.

On 13 June 2000 the police took a statement from Mr Recep Girçek, a neighbour of the Kaya family. In his statement, Mr Girçek explained that Hakkı Kaya had been missing since November 1996; however he had no information about his disappearance or his whereabouts.

On 22 March 2001 the authorities took another statement from Efendi Kaya, who repeated his previous statements.

On 11 March 2004 an interview with Mr Abdulkadir Aygan, a former member of the PKK and allegedly a member of JITEM (the Gendarme Intelligence Service), was published in the Ülkede Özgür Gündem newspaper. In this interview, Mr Aygan stated that Hakkı Kaya was one of the persons who had been killed by JITEM. He explained that Mr Kaya’s body had been buried at the Diyarbakır–Silvan motorway, between the villages of Karacali and Han. The applicants submitted a copy of this newspaper article to the Public Prosecutor for further investigation.

On 6 April 2004 the Diyarbakır Security Department informed the Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor that Abdülkadir Aygan had been sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment for being a member of a terrorist organisation in 1986. However, as he had benefited from the repentance law of 1985, he had been released from prison and his whereabouts were unknown. The Public Prosecutor continued searching for Abdülkadir Aygan but was not able to locate him.

On 8 June 2004 the second applicant filed a complaint against Abdülkadir Aygan for killing Hakkı Kaya.

B. Documents submitted by the parties

The parties submitted various documents with a view to substantiating their claims. These documents, in so far as they are relevant, may be listed as follows. i. The petition of Efendi Kaya to the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor, dated 28 November 1996, requesting the authorities to carry out an investigation into his father’s disappearance. ii. The petition of Şefik Kaya to the Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor, dated 28 November 1996, requesting information about his brother’s whereabouts. iii. The police statement of Ahmet Yaşar, dated 4 December 1996. iv. The letter of the Diyarbakır Gendarmerie Commander to the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor, dated 5 January 1997, stating that Hakkı Kaya had not been taken into custody. v. The decision of the Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor, dated 17 March 1997, declaring a lack of jurisdiction and transferring the file to the Chief Public Prosecutor’s Office. vi. The letter of the Human Rights Commission of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, dated 27 March 1997. vii. The police statement of Efendi Kaya, dated 7 September 1998. viii. The petition of Efendi Kaya to the Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor’s office, dated 28 January 2000, requesting information as to Hakkı Kaya’s whereabouts. ix. The police statement of Efendi Kaya, dated 12 June 2000. x. The police statement of Recep Girçek, dated 13 June 2000. xi. The periodic follow-up reports from the Diyarbakır Security Directorate to the Diyarbakır Public Proscutor’s Office between 15 June 2000 and 12 December 2003 (8 in all). xii. The police statement of Efendi Kaya dated 22 March 2001. xiii. A copy of the Ülkede Özgür Gündem newspaper dated 11 March 2004, including the interview with Abdülkadir Aygan.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-77657_a10_e1
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CODE
DIRECT
4451/02
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ORG
NO_MASK
Republic of Turkey
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DEM
NO_MASK
Turkish
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PERSON
DIRECT
Ms Gülistan Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Efendi Kaya
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DIRECT
Ms Aylen Kaya
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DIRECT
Mr Mehmet Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Mustafa Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Hakkı Kaya
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DIRECT
Ms Çiçek Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Ms Vesile Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Savaş Kaya
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DATETIME
QUASI
27 July 2001
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Mr M. N. Yalçı
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LOC
QUASI
Diyarbakır
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ORG
NO_MASK
001-77657_a10_em2
Turkish Government
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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DATETIME
DIRECT
1 November 2004
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4 October 2005
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DATETIME
QUASI
1950
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DATETIME
QUASI
1966
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001-77657_a10_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
1972
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DATETIME
QUASI
1981
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DATETIME
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1982
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DATETIME
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1984
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DATETIME
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1986
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DATETIME
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1990
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DATETIME
QUASI
1993
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LOC
QUASI
Diyarbakır
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001-77657_a10_e28
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DEM
NO_MASK
wife
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001-77657_a10_e29
001-77657_a10_em31
DEM
NO_MASK
children
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001-77657_a10_em32
PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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DATETIME
QUASI
16 November 1996
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DATETIME
QUASI
16 November 1996
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DATETIME
QUASI
3 p.m.
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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PERSON
QUASI
Mr Ahmet Yaşar
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PERSON
QUASI
Mehmet
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LOC
QUASI
Diyarbakır
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ORG
QUASI
Forest Directorate
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MISC
QUASI
white Renault
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CODE
QUASI
06 EKN 22
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QUANTITY
QUASI
Three men
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PERSON
DIRECT
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Mr Kaya
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LOC
NO_MASK
police station
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DATETIME
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28 November 1996
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QUASI
Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor’s
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NO_MASK
Prosecutor
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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DEM
NO_MASK
brother
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Şefik Kaya
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QUASI
Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor’s
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NO_MASK
brother
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4 December 1996
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Mr Ahmet Yaşar
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DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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001-77657_a10_em37
Mr Yaşar
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Diyarbakır Forest Directorate Building
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MISC
QUASI
white Toros
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06 EKN 22
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Mr Yaşar
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Mr Yaşar
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MISC
QUASI
blond
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MISC
QUASI
curly hair
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DATETIME
QUASI
5 January 1997
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ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Gendarmerie Commander
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QUASI
Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor
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DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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17 March 1997
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Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor
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ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Chief Public Prosecutor
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Mr Kaya
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Diyarbakır Security Directorate
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NO_MASK
Security Directorate
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NO_MASK
Prosecutor
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DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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27 March 1997
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001-77657_a10_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
Human Rights Investigation Committee at the Turkish Grand National Assembly
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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ORG
NO_MASK
001-77657_a10_em79
Committee
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06 EKN 22
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MISC
QUASI
Fiat Şahin
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MISC
QUASI
white Toros
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Y.C.
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Ankara
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7 September 1998
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PERSON
DIRECT
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Efendi Kaya
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PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
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DEM
NO_MASK
father
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November 1996
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28 January 2000
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NO_MASK
Public Prosecutor
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DATETIME
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12 June 2000
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DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
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7 September 1998
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13 June 2000
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Mr Recep Girçek
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DEM
QUASI
neighbour
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MISC
QUASI
Kaya family
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PERSON
QUASI
001-77657_a10_em98
Mr Girçek
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PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
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QUASI
November 1996
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22 March 2001
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DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
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11 March 2004
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Mr Abdulkadir Aygan
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DEM
NO_MASK
former member
POLITICS
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QUASI
PKK
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DEM
NO_MASK
member
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001-77657_a10_e78
001-77657_a10_em111
ORG
QUASI
JITEM (the Gendarme Intelligence Service)
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001-77657_a10_em112
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Ülkede Özgür Gündem newspaper
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001-77657_a10_em107
Mr Aygan
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Hakkı Kaya
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ORG
QUASI
001-77657_a10_em111
JITEM
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Kaya
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Diyarbakır
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QUASI
Silvan motorway
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correct
001-77657_a10_e81
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LOC
QUASI
Karacali
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correct
001-77657_a10_e82
001-77657_a10_em120
LOC
QUASI
Han
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001-77657_a10_em121
ORG
NO_MASK
Public Prosecutor
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NO_MASK
Prosecutor
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6 April 2004
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QUASI
Diyarbakır Security Department
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QUASI
Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor
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check
001-77657_a10_e86
001-77657_a10_em126
PERSON
QUASI
Abdülkadir Aygan
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e87
001-77657_a10_em127
DATETIME
QUASI
15 years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e77
001-77657_a10_em128
DEM
NO_MASK
member
POLITICS
insert
001-77657_a10_e88
001-77657_a10_em129
ORG
NO_MASK
terrorist organisation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e25
001-77657_a10_em130
DATETIME
QUASI
1986
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e89
001-77657_a10_em131
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1985
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e66
001-77657_a10_em132
ORG
NO_MASK
Public Prosecutor
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e86
001-77657_a10_em133
PERSON
QUASI
Abdülkadir Aygan
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e90
001-77657_a10_em134
DATETIME
QUASI
8 June 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e86
001-77657_a10_em135
PERSON
QUASI
Abdülkadir Aygan
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e16
001-77657_a10_em136
PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e5
001-77657_a10_em137
PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e52
001-77657_a10_em138
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e39
001-77657_a10_em139
DATETIME
QUASI
28 November 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e63
001-77657_a10_em140
DEM
NO_MASK
father
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-77657_a10_e43
001-77657_a10_em141
PERSON
DIRECT
001-77657_a10_em52
Şefik Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e85
001-77657_a10_em142
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e39
001-77657_a10_em143
DATETIME
QUASI
28 November 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e42
001-77657_a10_em144
DEM
NO_MASK
brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e91
001-77657_a10_em145
PERSON
QUASI
Ahmet Yaşar
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e45
001-77657_a10_em146
DATETIME
QUASI
4 December 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e51
001-77657_a10_em147
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Gendarmerie Commander
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e52
001-77657_a10_em148
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e50
001-77657_a10_em149
DATETIME
QUASI
5 January 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e16
001-77657_a10_em150
PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e52
001-77657_a10_em151
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır State Security Court Public Prosecutor
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e53
001-77657_a10_em152
DATETIME
QUASI
17 March 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e92
001-77657_a10_em153
ORG
QUASI
Chief Public Prosecutor’s Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-77657_a10_e93
001-77657_a10_em154
ORG
NO_MASK
Human Rights Commission of the Turkish Grand National Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e57
001-77657_a10_em155
DATETIME
QUASI
27 March 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e5
001-77657_a10_em156
PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e62
001-77657_a10_em157
DATETIME
QUASI
7 September 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e5
001-77657_a10_em158
PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e44
001-77657_a10_em159
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor’s
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e65
001-77657_a10_em160
DATETIME
QUASI
28 January 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e16
001-77657_a10_em161
PERSON
DIRECT
Hakkı Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e5
001-77657_a10_em162
PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e67
001-77657_a10_em163
DATETIME
QUASI
12 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e69
001-77657_a10_em164
PERSON
QUASI
001-77657_a10_em98
Recep Girçek
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e68
001-77657_a10_em165
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e55
001-77657_a10_em166
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Security Directorate
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-77657_a10_e94
001-77657_a10_em167
ORG
QUASI
Diyarbakır Public Proscutor’s
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-77657_a10_e95
001-77657_a10_em168
DATETIME
QUASI
15 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e96
001-77657_a10_em169
DATETIME
QUASI
12 December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-77657_a10_e97
001-77657_a10_em170
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
8 in all
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e5
001-77657_a10_em171
PERSON
DIRECT
Efendi Kaya
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e72
001-77657_a10_em172
DATETIME
QUASI
22 March 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e79
001-77657_a10_em173
MISC
QUASI
Ülkede Özgür Gündem newspaper
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e73
001-77657_a10_em174
DATETIME
QUASI
11 March 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-77657_a10_e86
001-77657_a10_em175
PERSON
QUASI
Abdülkadir Aygan
Gülistan Kaya
TUR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Gülistan Kaya