PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 27770/08) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Somali national, Mr Mustafa Abdi (“the applicant”), on 10 June 2008.

The applicant was represented by Ms E. Norman of CLC Solicitors, a lawyer practising in London. The United Kingdom Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Mr D. Walton of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

On 25 May 2009 the application was communicated to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 § 1).

On 7 December 2010 the Acting President of the Section to which the case was allocated decided to apply Rule 39 of the Rules of Court, indicating to the Government that it was desirable in the interests of the parties and the proper conduct of the proceedings that the applicant should not be expelled to Somalia pending the Court’s decision.

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, may be summarised as follows.

The applicant was born in 1975 and is currently detained in HMP Brixton.

The applicant arrived in the United Kingdom on 7 May 1995 and claimed asylum. The asylum claim was refused but he was granted exceptional leave to remain until February 2000.

On 23 July 1998 the applicant was convicted of offences of rape and indecency with a child and sentenced to eight years’ imprisonment.

On 20 May 2002 the Secretary of State for the Home Department issued the applicant with a decision to make a deportation order and on 27 May 2002 he issued an authority for detention until the making of a deportation order.

On 2 July 2002 the applicant appealed against the decision to make a deportation order and made a fresh claim for asylum. The appeal was unsuccessful and his appeal rights were exhausted on 4 December 2003.

In early 2003 the applicant was interviewed by probation officers who found that he was not suitable for parole. During his time in prison he had received fourteen charges relating to offences against prison discipline. Six of these offences involved fighting. Moreover, he was assessed as presenting a high risk of sexual offending and a medium risk of general offending on release.

On 3 September 2003 the applicant’s release became automatic. However, he remained in detention pursuant to the authority issued on 27 May 2002.

On 5 April 2004 the Secretary of State for the Home Department issued a deportation order which included a paragraph authorising the applicant’s detention until his deportation. The order was served on the applicant on 19 April 2004.

The applicant had claimed to be a member of the Isaaq tribe, which comes from Somaliland, an autonomous region in north-west Somalia. He further claimed that his parents were born in Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, although it was accepted that he was born in Mogadishu, in south-central Somalia. Consequently, the authorities initially sought to return the applicant to Somaliland. However, in order to secure the agreement of the Somaliland authorities to the return of a Somalilander to their territory, detailed information about clan-history was required. This was normally done through the provision of bio-data, but this was often difficult to obtain as it required the co-operation of the Somalilander. Consequently, few Somalilanders were returned to Somaliland at this time. As the applicant did not co-operate with the provision of bio-data, the Government decided that it would be preferable to remove him to Somalia.

In August 2004 the last carrier willing to take “enforced returns” to Somalia withdrew, with the consequence that it was no longer possible for the Government to remove people without their consent. The carriers were, however, willing to carry those who had signed a disclaimer confirming that they were returning voluntarily. In November 2004 the applicant refused a formal request to sign such a disclaimer.

On 20 December 2004 an application for bail was refused by the Chief Immigration Officer.

In March 2005 the applicant made further representations for asylum. In September 2005 the Secretary of State for the Home Department refused to treat those representations as a fresh claim.

On 11 October 2005 the applicant was again refused bail. In the course of the hearing, however, the immigration judge was wrongly informed that enforced removals to Somalia would be possible in the foreseeable future.

In July 2006 the Government concluded an agreement with African Express Airlines which made enforced removals to Somalia possible. The first enforced removal to Somalia took place on 30 November 2006.

On 25 September 2006 the applicant was granted permission to apply for judicial review of the decision to detain him but an application for interim relief in the form of an order that he be released from detention was refused.

The applicant was issued with removal directions set for 29 November 2006. He sought leave to apply for judicial review of the removal directions and the directions were cancelled pending a decision on that application.

A. Decision of the Administrative Court

The application for judicial review of the decision to detain the applicant was considered by Mr Justice Calvert-Smith in a judgment handed down on 7 December 2006. The judge reiterated the principles established by domestic case-law, most notably in the case of R v Governor of Durham Prison, ex parte Hardial Singh [1984] WLR 704: first, that the Secretary of State for the Home Department could only detain a person that he intended to deport for what amounted to a reasonable period in all the circumstances; and secondly, that if, before the expiry of a reasonable period, it became apparent that the Secretary of State would not be able to effect deportation within a reasonable period, he should not seek to exercise the power of detention.

The judge first considered the lawfulness of the applicant’s detention up until August 2004. He was satisfied that from 3 September 2003 to August 2004 the Secretary of State had exercised comparative diligence to overcome the obstacles and remove the applicant. In particular, he noted that the applicant could not have been removed between September 2003 and December 2003 because his asylum and deportation appeals were still pending, and between December 2003 and April 2004 he could not be removed because no deportation order had been served. When considered alongside the objections to bail (the risk of re-offending and the risk of absconding), he held that on balance the continued detention of the applicant up to August 2004 was lawful.

The period of detention from 3 December 2004, which was the date of the applicant’s first review following his refusal to return voluntarily, to 30 June 2006 was found to be unlawful because of its length, the impossibility during that period of achieving removal, and the misleading statements which had misled decision-makers both inside and outside the Home Department.

The judge held that the applicant’s detention after 30 June 2006 was lawful as once again there was a prospect of immediate removal.

Both the applicant and the Secretary of State were granted leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal. The Secretary of State contended that the application for judicial review ought to have been dismissed, while the applicant submitted that his continued detention after 30 June 2006 should have been held to be unlawful.

B. Decision of the Court of Appeal

In a judgment handed down on 30 July 2007, the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal by the Secretary of State and dismissed the applicant’s appeal. The court held that the period of detention between 3 December 2004 and 30 June 2006 was lawful because the applicant could have returned to Somalia voluntarily. Moreover, the risk of the applicant reoffending was high, which was a worrying prospect in view of the nature of his previous offence. The court held that it was wrong in principle to offset those factors against the applicant’s concerns about returning to Somalia as his removal had already been held not to be in breach of the Refugee Convention or Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

On 13 December 2007 the applicant was refused permission to appeal to the House of Lords.

C. The applicant’s challenge to the deportation order

On 1 February 2007 the Secretary of State issued a decision refusing to revoke the deportation order. An Immigration Judge allowed the applicant’s appeal. On 10 May 2007 the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal ordered reconsideration of the Immigration Judge’s decision. The reconsideration hearing took place on 26 February 2008. The Tribunal held that the Immigration Judge had materially erred in law and ordered that the case be reheard. The rehearing took place on 18 December 2008 and, in a determination promulgated on 1 July 2009, the Tribunal dismissed the appeal. The applicant was granted permission to appeal to the Court of Appeal on 18 December 2009. In a judgment dated 23 April 2010 the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal, finding that the applicant would be at risk of ill-treatment which reached the threshold required by Article 3 of the Convention if he were to be removed to Mogadishu. However, on 24 November 2010 the Supreme Court allowed the appeal by the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

On 6 December 2010 the applicant was issued with removal directions to Somalia. The removal was to take place on 8 December 2010. On 7 December 2010 the Court granted the applicant interim measures under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court to prevent his removal.

The applicant remains in immigration detention pending removal. On 13 April 2007 the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal had ordered that he be released from detention on bail. He was released early the following week but was re-detained on 3 April 2008 after breaching his bail conditions.

The present application is only concerned with the first period of detention, which ended shortly after 13 April 2007.

D. Monthly reviews of the applicant’s detention

During the applicant’s detention from 3 September 2003 to 13 April 2007, reviews were carried out in November 2003, March 2004, June 2004, September 2004, October 2004, November 2004, January 2005, March 2005, May 2005, July 2005, September 2005, October 2005, December 2005, January 2006, February 2006, June 2006, September 2006, October 2006, December 2006, January 2007, February 2007 and March 2007.

E. Presumption in favour of detention: April 2006 to December 2008

In April 2006 the Home Office introduced a “secret” policy creating a presumption in favour of the detention of Foreign National Prisoners pending their deportation. The policy, which was not disclosed until mid-2008 and was not formally published until September 2008, constituted a “near blanket ban” on release. During this period, the Secretary of State’s published policy on the detention of Foreign National Prisoners stated that there was a presumption in favour of release. The lawfulness of this policy was considered by the Supreme Court in the cases of Walumba Lumba and Kadian Mighty v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2011] UKSC 12 (see paragraph 37, below).
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e1
001-118335_a11_em1
CODE
DIRECT
27770/08
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e2
001-118335_a11_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
ETHNIC
check
001-118335_a11_e3
001-118335_a11_em3
DEM
QUASI
Somali
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e4
001-118335_a11_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Mustafa Abdi
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e5
001-118335_a11_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
10 June 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e6
001-118335_a11_em6
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Norman
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e7
001-118335_a11_em7
ORG
QUASI
CLC Solicitors
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e8
001-118335_a11_em8
LOC
NO_MASK
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e2
001-118335_a11_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
001-118335_a11_em2
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e9
001-118335_a11_em10
PERSON
QUASI
Mr D. Walton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e10
001-118335_a11_em11
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e11
001-118335_a11_em12
DATETIME
QUASI
25 May 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e12
001-118335_a11_em13
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em14
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a11_e14
001-118335_a11_em15
DATETIME
QUASI
1975
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e15
001-118335_a11_em16
ORG
QUASI
HMP Brixton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e16
001-118335_a11_em17
LOC
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e17
001-118335_a11_em18
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e18
001-118335_a11_em19
DATETIME
QUASI
February 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e19
001-118335_a11_em20
DATETIME
QUASI
23 July 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e20
001-118335_a11_em21
DATETIME
NO_MASK
eight years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e21
001-118335_a11_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
20 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em23
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e23
001-118335_a11_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e24
001-118335_a11_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
2 July 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e25
001-118335_a11_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
4 December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e26
001-118335_a11_em27
DATETIME
NO_MASK
early 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e27
001-118335_a11_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e23
001-118335_a11_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e28
001-118335_a11_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
5 April 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em31
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e29
001-118335_a11_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
19 April 2004
ETHNIC
correct
001-118335_a11_e30
001-118335_a11_em33
DEM
QUASI
Isaaq
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e31
001-118335_a11_em34
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em35
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e32
001-118335_a11_em36
LOC
QUASI
Hargeisa
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e31
001-118335_a11_em37
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e33
001-118335_a11_em38
LOC
QUASI
Mogadishu
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em39
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e31
001-118335_a11_em40
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e31
001-118335_a11_em41
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
ETHNIC
check
001-118335_a11_e34
001-118335_a11_em42
DEM
QUASI
Somalilander
ETHNIC
check
001-118335_a11_e34
001-118335_a11_em43
DEM
QUASI
Somalilander
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a11_e35
001-118335_a11_em44
DEM
QUASI
Somalilanders
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e31
001-118335_a11_em45
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em46
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e36
001-118335_a11_em47
DATETIME
NO_MASK
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em48
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e37
001-118335_a11_em49
DATETIME
NO_MASK
November 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e38
001-118335_a11_em50
DATETIME
QUASI
20 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e39
001-118335_a11_em51
DATETIME
NO_MASK
March 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e40
001-118335_a11_em52
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em53
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e41
001-118335_a11_em54
DATETIME
QUASI
11 October 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em55
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e42
001-118335_a11_em56
DATETIME
NO_MASK
July 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e43
001-118335_a11_em57
ORG
QUASI
African Express Airlines
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em58
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em59
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e44
001-118335_a11_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
30 November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e45
001-118335_a11_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
25 September 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e46
001-118335_a11_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
29 November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e47
001-118335_a11_em63
ORG
NO_MASK
Administrative Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e48
001-118335_a11_em64
PERSON
QUASI
Calvert-Smith
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e49
001-118335_a11_em65
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a11_e50
001-118335_a11_em66
ORG
QUASI
Durham Prison
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e51
001-118335_a11_em67
PERSON
NO_MASK
Hardial Singh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e52
001-118335_a11_em68
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em69
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e36
001-118335_a11_em70
DATETIME
NO_MASK
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e53
001-118335_a11_em71
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003 to August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e54
001-118335_a11_em72
DATETIME
NO_MASK
between September 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e55
001-118335_a11_em73
DATETIME
QUASI
December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e56
001-118335_a11_em74
DATETIME
NO_MASK
between December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e57
001-118335_a11_em75
DATETIME
NO_MASK
April 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e36
001-118335_a11_em76
DATETIME
NO_MASK
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e58
001-118335_a11_em77
DATETIME
QUASI
3 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e59
001-118335_a11_em78
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e59
001-118335_a11_em80
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e60
001-118335_a11_em81
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e59
001-118335_a11_em82
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e60
001-118335_a11_em83
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e61
001-118335_a11_em84
DATETIME
QUASI
30 July 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e60
001-118335_a11_em85
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e58
001-118335_a11_em86
DATETIME
QUASI
3 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e59
001-118335_a11_em87
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em88
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em89
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e62
001-118335_a11_em90
DATETIME
QUASI
13 December 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e63
001-118335_a11_em91
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e64
001-118335_a11_em92
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e65
001-118335_a11_em93
DATETIME
QUASI
10 May 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e66
001-118335_a11_em94
ORG
NO_MASK
Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e67
001-118335_a11_em95
DATETIME
QUASI
26 February 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e66
001-118335_a11_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
001-118335_a11_em94
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e68
001-118335_a11_em97
DATETIME
QUASI
18 December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e69
001-118335_a11_em98
DATETIME
QUASI
1 July 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e66
001-118335_a11_em99
ORG
NO_MASK
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e60
001-118335_a11_em100
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e70
001-118335_a11_em101
DATETIME
QUASI
18 December 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e71
001-118335_a11_em102
DATETIME
QUASI
23 April 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e60
001-118335_a11_em103
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e33
001-118335_a11_em104
LOC
QUASI
Mogadishu
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e72
001-118335_a11_em105
DATETIME
QUASI
24 November 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e73
001-118335_a11_em106
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em107
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e74
001-118335_a11_em108
DATETIME
QUASI
6 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e13
001-118335_a11_em109
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e75
001-118335_a11_em110
DATETIME
QUASI
8 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e12
001-118335_a11_em111
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e76
001-118335_a11_em112
DATETIME
QUASI
13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e66
001-118335_a11_em113
ORG
NO_MASK
Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e77
001-118335_a11_em114
DATETIME
NO_MASK
early the following week
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e78
001-118335_a11_em115
DATETIME
QUASI
3 April 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e76
001-118335_a11_em116
DATETIME
QUASI
13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e27
001-118335_a11_em117
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e76
001-118335_a11_em118
DATETIME
QUASI
13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e79
001-118335_a11_em119
DATETIME
NO_MASK
November 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e80
001-118335_a11_em120
DATETIME
NO_MASK
March 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e81
001-118335_a11_em121
DATETIME
NO_MASK
June 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e82
001-118335_a11_em122
DATETIME
NO_MASK
September 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e83
001-118335_a11_em123
DATETIME
NO_MASK
October 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e37
001-118335_a11_em124
DATETIME
NO_MASK
November 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e84
001-118335_a11_em125
DATETIME
NO_MASK
January 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e39
001-118335_a11_em126
DATETIME
NO_MASK
March 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e85
001-118335_a11_em127
DATETIME
NO_MASK
May 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e86
001-118335_a11_em128
DATETIME
NO_MASK
July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e40
001-118335_a11_em129
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e87
001-118335_a11_em130
DATETIME
NO_MASK
October 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e88
001-118335_a11_em131
DATETIME
NO_MASK
December 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e89
001-118335_a11_em132
DATETIME
NO_MASK
January 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e90
001-118335_a11_em133
DATETIME
NO_MASK
February 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e91
001-118335_a11_em134
DATETIME
NO_MASK
June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e92
001-118335_a11_em135
DATETIME
NO_MASK
September 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e93
001-118335_a11_em136
DATETIME
NO_MASK
October 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e94
001-118335_a11_em137
DATETIME
NO_MASK
December 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a11_e95
001-118335_a11_em138
DATETIME
NO_MASK
January 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e96
001-118335_a11_em139
DATETIME
NO_MASK
February 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e97
001-118335_a11_em140
DATETIME
NO_MASK
March 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e98
001-118335_a11_em141
DATETIME
NO_MASK
April 2006 to December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e99
001-118335_a11_em142
DATETIME
NO_MASK
April 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e100
001-118335_a11_em143
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e101
001-118335_a11_em144
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign National Prisoners
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e102
001-118335_a11_em145
DATETIME
NO_MASK
mid-2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e103
001-118335_a11_em146
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e101
001-118335_a11_em147
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign National Prisoners
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e73
001-118335_a11_em148
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e104
001-118335_a11_em149
PERSON
NO_MASK
Walumba Lumba
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a11_e105
001-118335_a11_em150
PERSON
NO_MASK
Kadian Mighty
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a11_e22
001-118335_a11_em151
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e1
001-118335_a7_em1
CODE
DIRECT
27770/08
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e2
001-118335_a7_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e3
001-118335_a7_em3
DEM
QUASI
Somali
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e4
001-118335_a7_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Mustafa Abdi
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e5
001-118335_a7_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
10 June 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e6
001-118335_a7_em6
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Norman
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e7
001-118335_a7_em7
ORG
QUASI
CLC Solicitors
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e8
001-118335_a7_em8
LOC
NO_MASK
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e9
001-118335_a7_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e10
001-118335_a7_em10
PERSON
QUASI
Mr D. Walton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e11
001-118335_a7_em11
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e12
001-118335_a7_em12
DATETIME
QUASI
25 May 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e13
001-118335_a7_em13
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em14
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e15
001-118335_a7_em15
DATETIME
QUASI
1975
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e16
001-118335_a7_em16
ORG
QUASI
HMP Brixton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e17
001-118335_a7_em17
LOC
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e18
001-118335_a7_em18
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e19
001-118335_a7_em19
DATETIME
QUASI
February 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e20
001-118335_a7_em20
DATETIME
QUASI
23 July 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e21
001-118335_a7_em21
MISC
NO_MASK
rape and indecency with a child
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e22
001-118335_a7_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
eight years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e23
001-118335_a7_em23
DATETIME
QUASI
20 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e24
001-118335_a7_em24
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State for the Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e25
001-118335_a7_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e26
001-118335_a7_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
2 July 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e27
001-118335_a7_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
4 December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e28
001-118335_a7_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
early 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e29
001-118335_a7_em29
QUANTITY
QUASI
fourteen charges
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e30
001-118335_a7_em30
QUANTITY
QUASI
Six of these
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e31
001-118335_a7_em31
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e25
001-118335_a7_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e32
001-118335_a7_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
5 April 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e24
001-118335_a7_em34
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State for the Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e33
001-118335_a7_em35
DATETIME
QUASI
19 April 2004
ETHNIC
insert
001-118335_a7_e34
001-118335_a7_em36
ORG
QUASI
Isaaq tribe
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e35
001-118335_a7_em37
LOC
QUASI
001-118335_a7_em40
Somaliland, an autonomous region in north-west Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e36
001-118335_a7_em38
LOC
QUASI
Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e37
001-118335_a7_em39
LOC
QUASI
Mogadishu, in south-central Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a7_e35
001-118335_a7_em40
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e35
001-118335_a7_em41
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
ETHNIC
check
001-118335_a7_e38
001-118335_a7_em42
DEM
QUASI
Somalilander
ETHNIC
insert
001-118335_a7_e34
001-118335_a7_em43
ORG
NO_MASK
001-118335_a7_em36
clan
ETHNIC
check
001-118335_a7_e38
001-118335_a7_em44
DEM
QUASI
Somalilander
ETHNIC
correct
001-118335_a7_e39
001-118335_a7_em45
DEM
QUASI
Somalilanders
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a7_e35
001-118335_a7_em46
LOC
QUASI
Somaliland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em47
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e40
001-118335_a7_em48
DATETIME
QUASI
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em49
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e41
001-118335_a7_em50
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e42
001-118335_a7_em51
DATETIME
QUASI
20 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e43
001-118335_a7_em52
ORG
NO_MASK
Chief Immigration Officer
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e44
001-118335_a7_em53
DATETIME
QUASI
March 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e45
001-118335_a7_em54
DATETIME
QUASI
September 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e24
001-118335_a7_em55
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State for the Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e46
001-118335_a7_em56
DATETIME
QUASI
11 October 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em57
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e47
001-118335_a7_em58
DATETIME
QUASI
July 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e48
001-118335_a7_em59
ORG
QUASI
African Express Airlines
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em60
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em61
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e49
001-118335_a7_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
30 November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e50
001-118335_a7_em63
DATETIME
QUASI
25 September 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e51
001-118335_a7_em64
DATETIME
QUASI
29 November 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e52
001-118335_a7_em65
ORG
NO_MASK
Administrative Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e53
001-118335_a7_em66
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Justice Calvert-Smith
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e54
001-118335_a7_em67
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e24
001-118335_a7_em68
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State for the Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em69
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e40
001-118335_a7_em70
DATETIME
QUASI
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e56
001-118335_a7_em71
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003 to August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em72
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e57
001-118335_a7_em73
DATETIME
QUASI
between September 2003 and December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e58
001-118335_a7_em74
DATETIME
QUASI
between December 2003 and April 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e40
001-118335_a7_em75
DATETIME
QUASI
August 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e59
001-118335_a7_em76
DATETIME
QUASI
3 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e60
001-118335_a7_em77
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e61
001-118335_a7_em78
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e60
001-118335_a7_em79
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em80
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e62
001-118335_a7_em81
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em82
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e60
001-118335_a7_em83
DATETIME
QUASI
30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e62
001-118335_a7_em84
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e63
001-118335_a7_em85
DATETIME
QUASI
30 July 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e62
001-118335_a7_em86
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em87
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e64
001-118335_a7_em88
DATETIME
QUASI
between 3 December 2004 and 30 June 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em89
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em90
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e65
001-118335_a7_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
13 December 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e66
001-118335_a7_em92
ORG
NO_MASK
House of Lords
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e67
001-118335_a7_em93
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em94
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e68
001-118335_a7_em95
DATETIME
QUASI
10 May 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e69
001-118335_a7_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e70
001-118335_a7_em97
DATETIME
QUASI
26 February 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e69
001-118335_a7_em98
ORG
NO_MASK
001-118335_a7_em96
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e71
001-118335_a7_em99
DATETIME
QUASI
18 December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e72
001-118335_a7_em100
DATETIME
QUASI
1 July 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e69
001-118335_a7_em101
ORG
NO_MASK
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e62
001-118335_a7_em102
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e73
001-118335_a7_em103
DATETIME
QUASI
18 December 2009
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e74
001-118335_a7_em104
DATETIME
QUASI
23 April 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e62
001-118335_a7_em105
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-118335_a7_e37
001-118335_a7_em106
LOC
QUASI
001-118335_a7_em39
Mogadishu
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e75
001-118335_a7_em107
DATETIME
QUASI
24 November 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e76
001-118335_a7_em108
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e24
001-118335_a7_em109
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State for the Home Department
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e77
001-118335_a7_em110
DATETIME
QUASI
6 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e14
001-118335_a7_em111
LOC
QUASI
Somalia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e78
001-118335_a7_em112
DATETIME
QUASI
8 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e13
001-118335_a7_em113
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e79
001-118335_a7_em114
DATETIME
QUASI
13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e69
001-118335_a7_em115
ORG
NO_MASK
Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e80
001-118335_a7_em116
DATETIME
NO_MASK
early the following week
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e81
001-118335_a7_em117
DATETIME
QUASI
3 April 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e79
001-118335_a7_em118
DATETIME
QUASI
13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e82
001-118335_a7_em119
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 2003 to 13 April 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-118335_a7_e83
001-118335_a7_em120
DATETIME
QUASI
November 2003, March 2004, June 2004, September 2004, October 2004, November 2004, January 2005, March 2005, May 2005, July 2005, September 2005, October 2005, December 2005, January 2006, February 2006, June 2006, September 2006, October 2006, December 2006, January 2007, February 2007 and March 2007
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e84
001-118335_a7_em121
DATETIME
NO_MASK
April 2006 to December 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e85
001-118335_a7_em122
DATETIME
NO_MASK
April 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e86
001-118335_a7_em123
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e87
001-118335_a7_em124
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign National Prisoners
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e88
001-118335_a7_em125
DATETIME
NO_MASK
mid-2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e89
001-118335_a7_em126
DATETIME
NO_MASK
September 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em127
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e87
001-118335_a7_em128
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign National Prisoners
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e76
001-118335_a7_em129
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-118335_a7_e55
001-118335_a7_em130
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
Mustafa Abdi
GBR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Mustafa Abdi