PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 74025/01) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a British national, Mr John Hirst (“the applicant”), on 5 July 2001.

The applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented by Mr E. Abrahamson, a solicitor practising in Liverpool. The United Kingdom Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agents, initially by Mr J. Grainger and subsequently by Ms E. Willmott, both of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

The applicant alleged that as a convicted prisoner in detention he had been subject to a blanket ban on voting in elections. He relied on Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 taken alone and in conjunction with Article 14 of the Convention, and on Article 10 of the Convention.

The application was allocated to the Fourth Section of the Court (Rule 52 § 1 of the Rules of Court). On 8 July 2003 it was declared partly admissible by a Chamber of that Section, composed of Mr M. Pellonpää, President, Sir Nicolas Bratza, Mrs V. Strážnická, Mr R. Maruste, Mr S. Pavlovschi, Mr L. Garlicki, Mr J. Borrego Borrego, judges, and Mr M. O’Boyle, Section Registrar.

A hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 16 December 2003 (Rule 59 § 3). In its judgment of 30 March 2004 (“the Chamber judgment”), the Chamber held unanimously that there had been a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 and that no separate issues arose under Articles 14 and 10 of the Convention. It also held that the finding of a violation constituted in itself sufficient just satisfaction for the non-pecuniary damage sustained by the applicant.

On 23 June 2004 the Government requested that the case be referred to the Grand Chamber (Article 43 of the Convention).

On 10 November 2004 a panel of the Grand Chamber decided to accept the request for a referral (Rule 73).

The composition of the Grand Chamber was determined according to the provisions of Article 27 §§ 2 and 3 of the Convention and Rule 24.

The applicant and the Government each filed a memorial. Observations were also received from the AIRE Centre and the Government of Latvia, which had been given leave by the President to intervene in the written procedure (Article 36 § 2 of the Convention and Rule 44 § 2). The parties replied to those comments at the hearing mentioned below (Rule 44 § 5).

A hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 27 April 2005 (Rule 59 § 3). There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Ms E. Willmott, Agent, Mr R. Singh QC, Counsel, Ms M. Hodgson, Mr M. Rawlings, Mr B. Daw, Advisers; (b) for the applicant Ms F. Krause, Counsel, Mr E. Abrahamson, Solicitor. The Court heard addresses by Mr Singh and Ms Krause.

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The applicant was born in 1950.

On 11 February 1980 the applicant pleaded guilty to manslaughter on the ground of diminished responsibility. His guilty plea was accepted on the basis of medical evidence that he was a man with a severe personality disorder to such a degree that he was amoral. He was sentenced to a term of discretionary life imprisonment.

The applicant’s tariff (that part of the sentence relating to retribution and deterrence) expired on 25 June 1994. His continued detention was based on considerations of risk and dangerousness, the Parole Board considering that he continued to present a risk of serious harm to the public.

The applicant, who is barred by section 3 of the Representation of the People Act 1983 from voting in parliamentary or local elections, issued proceedings in the High Court under section 4 of the Human Rights Act 1998, seeking a declaration that this provision was incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights.

The applicant’s application was heard by the Divisional Court on 21 and 22 March 2001, together with an application for judicial review by two other prisoners, Mr Pearson and Mr Feal-Martinez, who had applied for registration as electors and been refused by the Registration Officer and who also sought a declaration of incompatibility.

In the Divisional Court judgment dated 4 April 2001, Lord Justice Kennedy noted that section 3 had a long history and cited the Secretary of State’s reasons, given in the proceedings, for maintaining the current policy: “By committing offences which by themselves or taken with any aggravating circumstances including the offender’s character and previous criminal record require a custodial sentence, such prisoners have forfeited the right to have a say in the way the country is governed for that period. There is more than one element to punishment than forcible detention. Removal from society means removal from the privileges of society, amongst which is the right to vote for one’s representative.” Examining the state of practice in other jurisdictions, he observed that in Europe only eight countries, including the United Kingdom, did not give convicted prisoners a vote, while twenty did not disenfranchise prisoners and eight imposed a more restricted disenfranchisement. Reference was made to the United States Supreme Court which had rejected a challenge to the Californian Constitution’s disenfranchisement of convicted prisoners (see Richardson v. Ramirez [1974] 418 United States: Supreme Court Reports 24). Some considerable attention was given to Canadian precedents, which were relied on by both parties, in particular that of the Canadian Supreme Court which, in Sauvé v. Canada (no. 1) ([1992] 2 Supreme Court Reports 438), struck down the disenfranchisement of all prisoners as too widely drawn and infringing the minimum impairment rule, and that of the Federal Court of Appeal which, in Sauvé (no. 2) ([2000] 2 Federal Court Reports 117), upheld the subsequent legislative provision restricting the ban to prisoners serving a sentence of two years or more in a correctional institution. While it was noted that the Canadian courts were applying a differently phrased provision in their Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Divisional Court commented that the judgment of Linden JA in the second case in the Federal Court of Appeal contained helpful observations, in particular as regards the danger of the courts usurping the role of Parliament. The cases before the European Commission of Human Rights and this Court were also reviewed, the Divisional Court noting that the Commission had been consistent in its approach in accepting restrictions on persons convicted and detained. Lord Justice Kennedy concluded: “... I return to what was said by the European Court in paragraph 52 of its judgment in Mathieu-Mohin. Of course as far as an individual prisoner is concerned disenfranchisement does impair the very essence of his right to vote, but that is too simplistic an approach, because what Article 3 of the First Protocol is really concerned with is the wider question of universal franchise, and ‘the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the legislature’. If an individual is to be disenfranchised that must be in the pursuit of a legitimate aim. In the case of a convicted prisoner serving his sentence the aim may not be easy to articulate. Clearly there is an element of punishment, and also an element of electoral law. As the Home Secretary said, Parliament has taken the view that for the period during which they are in custody convicted prisoners have forfeited their right to have a say in the way the country is governed. The Working Group said that such prisoners had lost the moral authority to vote. Perhaps the best course is that suggested by Linden JA, namely to leave to philosophers the true nature of this disenfranchisement whilst recognising that the legislation does different things. The European Court also requires that the means employed to restrict the implied Convention rights to vote are not disproportionate, and that is the point at which, as it seems to me, it is appropriate for this Court to defer to the legislature. It is easy to be critical of a law which operates against a wide spectrum (e.g. in relation to its effect on post-tariff discretionary life prisoners, and those detained under some provision of the Mental Health Act 1983), but, as is clear from the authorities, those States which disenfranchise following conviction do not all limit the period of disenfranchisement to the period in custody. Parliament in this country could have provided differently in order to meet the objectives which it discerned, and like McLachlin J in Canada, I would accept that the tailoring process seldom admits of perfection, so the courts must afford some leeway to the legislator. As [counsel for the Secretary of State] submits, there is a broad spectrum of approaches among democratic societies, and the United Kingdom falls into the middle of the spectrum. In course of time this position may move, either by way of further fine tuning, as was recently done in relation to remand prisoners and others, or more radically, but its position in the spectrum is plainly a matter for Parliament not for the courts. That applies even to the ‘hard cases’ of post-tariff discretionary life sentence prisoners ... They have all been convicted and if, for example, Parliament were to have said that all those sentenced to life imprisonment lose the franchise for life the apparent anomaly of their position would disappear. ... If section 3(1) of the 1983 Act can meet the challenge of Article 3 [of the First Protocol] then Article 14 has nothing to offer, any more than Article 10.”

The applicant’s claims were accordingly dismissed as were those of the other prisoners.

On 2 May 2001 an application for permission to appeal was filed on behalf of Mr Pearson and Mr Feal-Martinez, together with a forty-three-page skeleton argument. On 15 May 2001 Lord Justice Buxton considered the application on the papers and refused permission on the ground that the appeal had no real prospect of success.

On 19 May 2001 the applicant filed an application for permission to appeal. On 7 June 2001, his application was considered on the papers by Lord Justice Simon Brown who refused permission for the same reasons as Lord Justice Buxton in relation to the earlier applications. The applicant’s renewed application, together with the renewed applications of Mr Pearson and Mr Feal-Martinez, were refused on 18 June 2001, after oral argument, by Lord Justice Simon Brown.

On 25 May 2004 the applicant was released from prison on licence.
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Sir Nicolas Bratza
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e15
001-70442_a2_em15
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs V. Strážnická
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e16
001-70442_a2_em16
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Maruste
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e17
001-70442_a2_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Mr S. Pavlovschi
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e18
001-70442_a2_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Mr L. Garlicki
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e19
001-70442_a2_em19
PERSON
QUASI
Mr J. Borrego Borrego
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e20
001-70442_a2_em20
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. O’Boyle
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e21
001-70442_a2_em21
LOC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e22
001-70442_a2_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
16 December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e23
001-70442_a2_em23
DATETIME
QUASI
30 March 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e24
001-70442_a2_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
23 June 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e25
001-70442_a2_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
10 November 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e26
001-70442_a2_em26
ORG
QUASI
AIRE Centre
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e27
001-70442_a2_em27
ORG
QUASI
Government of Latvia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e21
001-70442_a2_em28
LOC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e28
001-70442_a2_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
27 April 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e10
001-70442_a2_em30
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Willmott
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e29
001-70442_a2_em31
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Singh QC
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e30
001-70442_a2_em32
PERSON
QUASI
Ms M. Hodgson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e31
001-70442_a2_em33
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. Rawlings
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e32
001-70442_a2_em34
PERSON
QUASI
Mr B. Daw
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e33
001-70442_a2_em35
PERSON
QUASI
Ms F. Krause
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e6
001-70442_a2_em36
PERSON
QUASI
Mr E. Abrahamson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e34
001-70442_a2_em37
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Singh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e35
001-70442_a2_em38
PERSON
QUASI
Ms Krause
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e36
001-70442_a2_em39
DATETIME
QUASI
1950
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e37
001-70442_a2_em40
DATETIME
QUASI
11 February 1980
HEALTH
insert
001-70442_a2_e38
001-70442_a2_em41
MISC
QUASI
severe personality disorder to such a degree that he was amoral
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e39
001-70442_a2_em42
DATETIME
QUASI
25 June 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e40
001-70442_a2_em43
ORG
NO_MASK
Parole Board
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e41
001-70442_a2_em44
ORG
NO_MASK
High Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e42
001-70442_a2_em45
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e43
001-70442_a2_em46
DATETIME
QUASI
21 and 22 March 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e44
001-70442_a2_em47
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e45
001-70442_a2_em48
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e46
001-70442_a2_em49
ORG
NO_MASK
Registration Officer
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e42
001-70442_a2_em50
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e47
001-70442_a2_em51
DATETIME
NO_MASK
4 April 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e48
001-70442_a2_em52
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e49
001-70442_a2_em53
LOC
NO_MASK
Europe
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e50
001-70442_a2_em54
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e51
001-70442_a2_em55
ORG
NO_MASK
United States Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e52
001-70442_a2_em56
MISC
NO_MASK
Richardson v. Ramirez [1974] 418 United States: Supreme Court Reports 24
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e53
001-70442_a2_em57
DEM
NO_MASK
Canadian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e54
001-70442_a2_em58
ORG
NO_MASK
Canadian Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e55
001-70442_a2_em59
MISC
NO_MASK
Sauvé v. Canada (no. 1) ([1992] 2 Supreme Court Reports 438
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e56
001-70442_a2_em60
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e57
001-70442_a2_em61
MISC
NO_MASK
Sauvé (no. 2) ([2000] 2 Federal Court Reports 117
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e58
001-70442_a2_em62
DATETIME
NO_MASK
two years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e53
001-70442_a2_em63
DEM
NO_MASK
Canadian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e42
001-70442_a2_em64
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e59
001-70442_a2_em65
PERSON
NO_MASK
Linden JA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e56
001-70442_a2_em66
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e60
001-70442_a2_em67
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e42
001-70442_a2_em68
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e48
001-70442_a2_em69
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e61
001-70442_a2_em70
ORG
NO_MASK
European Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-70442_a2_e62
001-70442_a2_em71
PERSON
NO_MASK
Mathieu-Mohin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e60
001-70442_a2_em72
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e63
001-70442_a2_em73
ORG
NO_MASK
Working Group
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e59
001-70442_a2_em74
PERSON
NO_MASK
Linden JA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e61
001-70442_a2_em75
ORG
NO_MASK
European Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e60
001-70442_a2_em76
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e64
001-70442_a2_em77
PERSON
NO_MASK
McLachlin J
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e65
001-70442_a2_em78
LOC
NO_MASK
Canada
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e50
001-70442_a2_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e60
001-70442_a2_em80
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e60
001-70442_a2_em81
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e66
001-70442_a2_em82
DATETIME
QUASI
2 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e44
001-70442_a2_em83
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e45
001-70442_a2_em84
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e67
001-70442_a2_em85
QUANTITY
QUASI
forty-three-page
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e68
001-70442_a2_em86
DATETIME
NO_MASK
15 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e69
001-70442_a2_em87
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Buxton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e70
001-70442_a2_em88
DATETIME
NO_MASK
19 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e71
001-70442_a2_em89
DATETIME
NO_MASK
7 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a2_e72
001-70442_a2_em90
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Simon Brown
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e69
001-70442_a2_em91
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Buxton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e44
001-70442_a2_em92
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e45
001-70442_a2_em93
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e73
001-70442_a2_em94
DATETIME
NO_MASK
18 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e72
001-70442_a2_em95
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Simon Brown
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a2_e74
001-70442_a2_em96
DATETIME
QUASI
25 May 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e1
001-70442_a8_em1
CODE
DIRECT
74025/01
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e2
001-70442_a8_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e3
001-70442_a8_em3
DEM
NO_MASK
British
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e4
001-70442_a8_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr John Hirst
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e5
001-70442_a8_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
5 July 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e6
001-70442_a8_em6
PERSON
QUASI
Mr E. Abrahamson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e7
001-70442_a8_em7
LOC
NO_MASK
Liverpool
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e8
001-70442_a8_em8
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e9
001-70442_a8_em9
PERSON
QUASI
Mr J. Grainger
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e10
001-70442_a8_em10
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Willmott
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e11
001-70442_a8_em11
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e12
001-70442_a8_em12
DATETIME
QUASI
8 July 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e13
001-70442_a8_em13
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. Pellonpää
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e14
001-70442_a8_em14
PERSON
QUASI
Sir Nicolas Bratza
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e15
001-70442_a8_em15
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs V. Strážnická
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e16
001-70442_a8_em16
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Maruste
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e17
001-70442_a8_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Mr S. Pavlovschi
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e18
001-70442_a8_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Mr L. Garlicki
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e19
001-70442_a8_em19
PERSON
QUASI
Mr J. Borrego Borrego
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-70442_a8_e20
001-70442_a8_em20
ORG
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e21
001-70442_a8_em21
DATETIME
QUASI
16 December 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e22
001-70442_a8_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
30 March 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e23
001-70442_a8_em23
MISC
NO_MASK
Chamber judgment
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e24
001-70442_a8_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
23 June 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e25
001-70442_a8_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
10 November 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e26
001-70442_a8_em26
ORG
NO_MASK
AIRE Centre
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e27
001-70442_a8_em27
ORG
NO_MASK
Government of Latvia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e20
001-70442_a8_em28
ORG
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e28
001-70442_a8_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
27 April 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e10
001-70442_a8_em30
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Willmott
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e29
001-70442_a8_em31
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Singh QC
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e30
001-70442_a8_em32
PERSON
QUASI
Ms M. Hodgson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e31
001-70442_a8_em33
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. Rawlings
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e32
001-70442_a8_em34
PERSON
QUASI
Mr B. Daw
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e33
001-70442_a8_em35
PERSON
QUASI
Ms F. Krause
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e6
001-70442_a8_em36
PERSON
QUASI
Mr E. Abrahamson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e34
001-70442_a8_em37
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Singh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e35
001-70442_a8_em38
PERSON
QUASI
Ms Krause
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e36
001-70442_a8_em39
DATETIME
QUASI
1950
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e37
001-70442_a8_em40
DATETIME
QUASI
11 February 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e38
001-70442_a8_em41
DATETIME
QUASI
25 June 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e39
001-70442_a8_em42
ORG
NO_MASK
Parole Board
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e40
001-70442_a8_em43
ORG
NO_MASK
High Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e41
001-70442_a8_em44
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e42
001-70442_a8_em45
DATETIME
QUASI
21 and 22 March 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e43
001-70442_a8_em46
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e44
001-70442_a8_em47
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e45
001-70442_a8_em48
ORG
NO_MASK
Registration Officer
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e41
001-70442_a8_em49
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e46
001-70442_a8_em50
DATETIME
QUASI
4 April 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e47
001-70442_a8_em51
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e48
001-70442_a8_em52
LOC
NO_MASK
Europe
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e49
001-70442_a8_em53
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e50
001-70442_a8_em54
ORG
NO_MASK
United States Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e51
001-70442_a8_em55
MISC
NO_MASK
Richardson v. Ramirez [1974] 418 United States: Supreme Court Reports 24
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e52
001-70442_a8_em56
DEM
NO_MASK
Canadian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e53
001-70442_a8_em57
ORG
NO_MASK
Canadian Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e54
001-70442_a8_em58
MISC
NO_MASK
Sauvé v. Canada (no. 1) ([1992] 2 Supreme Court Reports 438)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e55
001-70442_a8_em59
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e56
001-70442_a8_em60
MISC
NO_MASK
Sauvé (no. 2) ([2000] 2 Federal Court Reports 117)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e57
001-70442_a8_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
two years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e52
001-70442_a8_em62
DEM
NO_MASK
Canadian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e41
001-70442_a8_em63
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e58
001-70442_a8_em64
PERSON
QUASI
Linden JA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e55
001-70442_a8_em65
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e59
001-70442_a8_em66
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e41
001-70442_a8_em67
ORG
NO_MASK
Divisional Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e47
001-70442_a8_em68
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e60
001-70442_a8_em69
ORG
NO_MASK
European Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-70442_a8_e61
001-70442_a8_em70
MISC
NO_MASK
Mathieu-Mohin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e59
001-70442_a8_em71
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e62
001-70442_a8_em72
ORG
NO_MASK
Working Group
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e58
001-70442_a8_em73
PERSON
QUASI
Linden JA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e60
001-70442_a8_em74
ORG
NO_MASK
European Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e59
001-70442_a8_em75
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e63
001-70442_a8_em76
PERSON
NO_MASK
McLachlin J
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e64
001-70442_a8_em77
LOC
NO_MASK
Canada
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e49
001-70442_a8_em78
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e59
001-70442_a8_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e59
001-70442_a8_em80
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e65
001-70442_a8_em81
DATETIME
QUASI
2 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e43
001-70442_a8_em82
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e44
001-70442_a8_em83
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e66
001-70442_a8_em84
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
forty-three-page
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e67
001-70442_a8_em85
DATETIME
QUASI
15 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e68
001-70442_a8_em86
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Buxton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e69
001-70442_a8_em87
DATETIME
QUASI
19 May 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e70
001-70442_a8_em88
DATETIME
QUASI
7 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-70442_a8_e71
001-70442_a8_em89
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Simon Brown
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e68
001-70442_a8_em90
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Buxton
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e43
001-70442_a8_em91
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pearson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e44
001-70442_a8_em92
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Feal-Martinez
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e72
001-70442_a8_em93
DATETIME
QUASI
18 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e71
001-70442_a8_em94
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Simon Brown
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-70442_a8_e73
001-70442_a8_em95
DATETIME
QUASI
25 May 2004
John Hirst
GBR
GRANDCHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: John Hirst