PROCEDURE

The case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (“the Commission“) on 7 June 1991, within the three-month period laid down by Article 32 para. 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the Convention. It originated in an application (no. 13191/87) against the French Republic lodged with the Commission under Article 25 (art. 25) by a national of that State, Mr Tuan Tran Pham Hoang, on 20 August 1987. The Commission’s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby France recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The object of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 paras. 1, 2 and 3 (c) (art. 6-1, art. 6-2, art. 6-3-c).

In response to the enquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 para. 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to take part in the proceedings and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).

The Chamber to be constituted included ex officio Mr L.-E. Pettiti, the elected judge of French nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 para. 3 (b)). On 28 June 1991, in the presence of the Registrar, the President drew by lot the names of the other seven members, namely Mr Thór Vilhjálmsson, Mr F. Matscher, Mr J. Pinheiro Farinha, Mr C. Russo, Mr R. Bernhardt, Mr A. Spielmann and Sir John Freeland (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 para. 4) (art. 43). Subsequently, Mr F. Gölcüklü, substitute judge, replaced Mr Pinheiro Farinha, who had resigned and whose successor had taken up his duties before the hearing (Rules 2 para. 3 and 22 para. 1).

Mr Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 para. 5) and, through the Registrar, consulted the Agent of the French Government (“the Government“), the Delegate of the Commission and the applicant’s lawyer on the organisation of the procedure (Rules 37 para. 1 and 38). Pursuant to the order made in consequence, and after two extensions of time due to an unsuccessful attempt to achieve a friendly settlement, the Registrar received the memorials of the applicant, the Government and the Delegate of the Commission on 4 November 1991, 16 December 1991 and 2 February 1992 respectively.

On 21 November 1991 the President had given the Conseil d’État and Court of Cassation Bar leave under Rule 37 para. 2 to submit written comments on a specific issue. These were received by the Registrar on 20 January 1992 and were supplemented by the representative of the Chairman of the Bar in a memorandum of 10 March 1992.

On 22 November 1991 the Commission produced the file on the proceedings before it, as requested by the Registrar on the President’s instructions.

In accordance with the President’s decision, the hearing took place in public in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 21 April 1992. The Court had held a preparatory meeting beforehand. There appeared before the Court:

for the Government Mrs E. Belliard, Deputy Director of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Agent, Mr B. Gain, Head of the Human Rights Section, Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Miss M. Picard, magistrat, on secondment to the Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr J. Camut, Deputy Director-General of Customs, Ministry of the Budget, Mrs C. Cosson, magistrat, on secondment to the European and International Affairs Department, Ministry of Justice, Counsel;

for the Commission Mr H.G. Schermers, Delegate;

for the applicant Mr A. Lestourneaud, avocat, Mrs P. Potiez-Lestourneaud, avocate, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mrs Belliard for the Government, Mr Schermers for the Commission and Mr Lestourneaud and Mrs Potiez-Lestourneaud for the applicant, as well as replies to its question.

AS TO THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

Mr Tuan Tran Pham Hoang, a French national who was born in Saigon in 1963, was unemployed and living at Aulnay-sous- Bois (France) at the material time.

On 3 January 1984 he was arrested in Paris with four other people from Hong Kong, Cambodia or Vietnam, Mr Cheng Man Ming, Mr Fu Wing Kin, Mr Ngo Pan and Mr Tran Gia Quong. He was at the wheel of a car towards which Mr Cheng and Mr Fu were walking; they had just emerged from a hotel and were carrying two bags containing 2,750 grams of heroin base and 85 grams of almost pure heroin, together with a pair of scales, one pan of which bore traces of heroin. Two other people, Mr Jip Quang Duong and Mr Hanh Phuoc, were arrested after weapons and 5kg of caffeine were discovered by police while searching a flat visited by the applicant. Since the end of December 1983 officers of the Drugs and Vice Squad had been carrying out surveillance and shadowing operations; they had got wind of preparations for heroin trafficking in relation to individuals from Hong Kong.

On 7 January 1984 an investigating judge charged the applicant with an offence under the drugs legislation and remanded him in custody. The applicant was released under judicial supervision on 6 March 1984.

A. Proceedings in the Paris tribunal de grande instance

In an order of 25 March 1984 the investigating judge committed the applicant and the six others mentioned above for trial on the charge that they had “conspired in Paris during 1983-84, in particular up to 3 January, to produce, possess and supply drugs, namely heroin“.

At the trial on 2 May 1985 the Director-General of Customs asked the court to “Find Cheng, Fu Wing, Ngo, Tran, Hanh, Jip and Pham guilty of having committed within the French customs territory from 1 December 1983 to 3 January 1984 as persons in possession or having an interest in customs evasion, the class 3 customs offence of smuggling prohibited goods by means of a self-propelled vehicle and in a group of more than six individuals; Sentence them jointly and severally on this charge to pay the customs authorities: (a) a sum of 2,835,000 (two million eight hundred and thirty-five thousand) francs in lieu of forfeiture of the goods, which will be destroyed (Art. 435 of the CC [Customs Code]); (b) a fine of 2,835,000 (two million eight hundred and thirty-five thousand) francs, being the value of the smuggled goods (Art. 414 of the CC); Pass the maximum sentence of imprisonment provided for in the event of non-payment; Order that the defendants shall be held in custody, within the limit of the term of that imprisonment, until such time as the customs penalties have been paid (new Article 388 of the Customs Code); The above measures being pursuant to Articles 38, 215, 343, 373, 382, 388, 392, 399, 409, 416, 417, 419, 435 and 438 of the Customs Code, Article 750 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Order of 11 December 1981 made by the Minister for the Budget; Without prejudice to the sentence of imprisonment provided for in Article 416 of the Customs Code and which the public prosecutor is asked to apply for pursuant to Article 343-1 of that Code.“ The Director-General’s submissions included the following details: “The defendants’ statements and the police surveillance disclosed the following: Cheng Man Ming and Fu Wing Kin left Bangkok together by air on 26 december 1983 carrying a suitcase with a false bottom containing the heroin subsequently seized. When they arrived in Athens, Cheng continued his journey by air to Paris and instructed Fu to bring the suitcase by rail in order to avoid the thorough checks made at airports in Paris. In France Ngo Pan accompanied Cheng to make a number of purchases: the receptacle which would have served to mix the heroin and the caffeine [and] the secateurs for cutting open the hidden compartment in the suitcase. The heroin subsequently seized was to be transported in Pham’s motor vehicle, and Tran was to drive with it to the home of Jip Quang Duong and Hanh Phuoc, where the 5kg of caffeine were seized. It has therefore been established that the seven defendants constituted a group of individuals (whether or not all of them were in possession of the smuggled goods) formed with a view to importing heroin base, converting it, possessing it, transporting it and mixing it with caffeine in order to produce a commodity whose street value would have been trebled by virtue of this blending. ...
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e1
001-57791_a5_em1
ORG
NO_MASK
European Commission of Human Rights
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e2
001-57791_a5_em2
DATETIME
QUASI
7 June 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e3
001-57791_a5_em3
DATETIME
NO_MASK
three-month
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e4
001-57791_a5_em4
CODE
DIRECT
13191/87
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e5
001-57791_a5_em5
ORG
QUASI
French Republic
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e6
001-57791_a5_em6
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Tuan Tran Pham Hoang
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e7
001-57791_a5_em7
DATETIME
QUASI
20 August 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e5
001-57791_a5_em8
ORG
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em5
France
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e8
001-57791_a5_em9
PERSON
QUASI
Mr L.-E. Pettiti
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e9
001-57791_a5_em10
DEM
QUASI
French nationality
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e10
001-57791_a5_em11
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e11
001-57791_a5_em12
DATETIME
QUASI
28 June 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e12
001-57791_a5_em13
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Thór Vilhjálmsson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e13
001-57791_a5_em14
PERSON
QUASI
Mr F. Matscher
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e14
001-57791_a5_em15
PERSON
QUASI
Mr J. Pinheiro Farinha
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e15
001-57791_a5_em16
PERSON
QUASI
Mr C. Russo
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e16
001-57791_a5_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Mr R. Bernhardt
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e17
001-57791_a5_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Mr A. Spielmann
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e18
001-57791_a5_em19
PERSON
QUASI
Sir John Freeland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e19
001-57791_a5_em20
PERSON
QUASI
Mr F. Gölcüklü
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e20
001-57791_a5_em21
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Pinheiro Farinha
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e21
001-57791_a5_em22
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e22
001-57791_a5_em23
ORG
QUASI
French Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e23
001-57791_a5_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
4 November 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e24
001-57791_a5_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
16 December 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e25
001-57791_a5_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
2 February 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e26
001-57791_a5_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
21 November 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e27
001-57791_a5_em28
ORG
QUASI
Conseil d’État
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e28
001-57791_a5_em29
ORG
QUASI
Court of Cassation Bar
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e29
001-57791_a5_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
20 January 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e30
001-57791_a5_em31
DEM
NO_MASK
Chairman of the Bar
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e31
001-57791_a5_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
10 March 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e32
001-57791_a5_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
22 November 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e33
001-57791_a5_em34
LOC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e34
001-57791_a5_em35
DATETIME
QUASI
21 April 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e35
001-57791_a5_em36
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs E. Belliard
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e36
001-57791_a5_em37
ORG
NO_MASK
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e37
001-57791_a5_em38
PERSON
QUASI
Mr B. Gain
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e38
001-57791_a5_em39
ORG
NO_MASK
Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e39
001-57791_a5_em40
PERSON
QUASI
Miss M. Picard
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e38
001-57791_a5_em41
ORG
NO_MASK
Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e40
001-57791_a5_em42
PERSON
QUASI
Mr J. Camut
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e41
001-57791_a5_em43
DEM
NO_MASK
Deputy Director-General of Customs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e42
001-57791_a5_em44
ORG
NO_MASK
Ministry of the Budget
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e43
001-57791_a5_em45
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs C. Cosson
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e44
001-57791_a5_em46
ORG
NO_MASK
European and International Affairs Department, Ministry of Justice
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e45
001-57791_a5_em47
PERSON
QUASI
Mr H.G. Schermers
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e46
001-57791_a5_em48
PERSON
QUASI
Mr A. Lestourneaud
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e47
001-57791_a5_em49
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs P. Potiez-Lestourneaud
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e35
001-57791_a5_em50
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em36
Mrs Belliard
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e45
001-57791_a5_em51
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em47
Mr Schermers
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e46
001-57791_a5_em52
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em48
Mr Lestourneaud
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e47
001-57791_a5_em53
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em49
Mrs Potiez-Lestourneaud
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e6
001-57791_a5_em54
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Tuan Tran Pham Hoang
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e48
001-57791_a5_em55
DEM
QUASI
French national
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e49
001-57791_a5_em56
LOC
QUASI
Saigon
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e50
001-57791_a5_em57
DATETIME
QUASI
1963
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e51
001-57791_a5_em58
DEM
NO_MASK
unemployed
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e52
001-57791_a5_em59
LOC
QUASI
Aulnay-sous- Bois (France)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e53
001-57791_a5_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
3 January 1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e54
001-57791_a5_em61
LOC
QUASI
Paris
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e55
001-57791_a5_em62
QUANTITY
QUASI
four other people
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e56
001-57791_a5_em63
LOC
QUASI
Hong Kong
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e57
001-57791_a5_em64
LOC
QUASI
Cambodia
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57791_a5_e58
001-57791_a5_em65
LOC
QUASI
Vietnam
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em66
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em96 001-57791_a5_em109
Mr Cheng Man Ming
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e60
001-57791_a5_em67
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em97 001-57791_a5_em110 001-57791_a5_em117
Mr Fu Wing Kin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e61
001-57791_a5_em68
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em98 001-57791_a5_em120
Mr Ngo Pan
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e62
001-57791_a5_em69
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em99
Mr Tran Gia Quong
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em70
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em66 001-57791_a5_em96 001-57791_a5_em109
Mr Cheng
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e60
001-57791_a5_em71
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em67 001-57791_a5_em97 001-57791_a5_em110 001-57791_a5_em117
Mr Fu
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e63
001-57791_a5_em72
QUANTITY
QUASI
2,750 grams
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em73
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e65
001-57791_a5_em74
QUANTITY
QUASI
85 grams
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em75
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em76
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e66
001-57791_a5_em77
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em101 001-57791_a5_em127
Mr Jip Quang Duong
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e67
001-57791_a5_em78
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em100 001-57791_a5_em128
Mr Hanh Phuoc
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e68
001-57791_a5_em79
QUANTITY
QUASI
5kg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e69
001-57791_a5_em80
MISC
QUASI
caffeine
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e70
001-57791_a5_em81
DATETIME
QUASI
end of December 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e71
001-57791_a5_em82
ORG
NO_MASK
Drugs and Vice Squad
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em83
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e56
001-57791_a5_em84
LOC
QUASI
Hong Kong
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e72
001-57791_a5_em85
DATETIME
QUASI
7 January 1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e73
001-57791_a5_em86
DATETIME
QUASI
6 March 1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e74
001-57791_a5_em87
ORG
QUASI
Paris tribunal de grande instance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e75
001-57791_a5_em88
DATETIME
QUASI
25 March 1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e76
001-57791_a5_em89
QUANTITY
QUASI
six others
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e54
001-57791_a5_em90
LOC
QUASI
Paris
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e77
001-57791_a5_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
1983-84
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e78
001-57791_a5_em92
DATETIME
QUASI
3 January
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em93
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e79
001-57791_a5_em94
DATETIME
QUASI
2 May 1985
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e80
001-57791_a5_em95
DEM
NO_MASK
001-57791_a5_em108
Director-General of Customs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em96
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em109
Cheng
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e60
001-57791_a5_em97
PERSON
QUASI
Fu Wing
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e61
001-57791_a5_em98
PERSON
QUASI
Ngo
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e62
001-57791_a5_em99
PERSON
QUASI
Tran
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57791_a5_e67
001-57791_a5_em100
PERSON
QUASI
Hanh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57791_a5_e66
001-57791_a5_em101
PERSON
QUASI
Jip
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e6
001-57791_a5_em102
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em6
Pham
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e81
001-57791_a5_em103
DEM
QUASI
French
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e82
001-57791_a5_em104
DATETIME
QUASI
1 December 1983 to 3 January 1984
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e83
001-57791_a5_em105
QUANTITY
QUASI
2,835,000 (two million eight hundred and thirty-five thousand) francs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e83
001-57791_a5_em106
QUANTITY
QUASI
2,835,000 (two million eight hundred and thirty-five thousand) francs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e84
001-57791_a5_em107
DEM
NO_MASK
Minister for the Budget
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e80
001-57791_a5_em108
DEM
NO_MASK
Director-General
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em109
PERSON
QUASI
Cheng Man Ming
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e60
001-57791_a5_em110
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em97
Fu Wing Kin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e85
001-57791_a5_em111
LOC
QUASI
Bangkok
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e86
001-57791_a5_em112
DATETIME
QUASI
26 december 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em113
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e87
001-57791_a5_em114
LOC
QUASI
Athens
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em115
PERSON
QUASI
Cheng
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e54
001-57791_a5_em116
LOC
QUASI
Paris
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e60
001-57791_a5_em117
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em97 001-57791_a5_em110
Fu
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e54
001-57791_a5_em118
LOC
QUASI
Paris
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57791_a5_e5
001-57791_a5_em119
LOC
QUASI
France
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57791_a5_e61
001-57791_a5_em120
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em98
Ngo Pan
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e59
001-57791_a5_em121
PERSON
QUASI
Cheng
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em122
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e69
001-57791_a5_em123
MISC
QUASI
caffeine
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em124
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e6
001-57791_a5_em125
PERSON
QUASI
Pham
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e62
001-57791_a5_em126
PERSON
QUASI
Tran
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57791_a5_e66
001-57791_a5_em127
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em101
Jip Quang Duong
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e67
001-57791_a5_em128
PERSON
QUASI
001-57791_a5_em100
Hanh Phuoc
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e68
001-57791_a5_em129
QUANTITY
QUASI
5kg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e69
001-57791_a5_em130
MISC
QUASI
caffeine
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e64
001-57791_a5_em131
MISC
QUASI
heroin
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57791_a5_e69
001-57791_a5_em132
MISC
QUASI
caffeine
Tuan Tran Pham Hoang
FRA
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Tuan Tran Pham Hoang