PROCEDURE

The present case was referred to the Court by the European Commission of Human Rights (“the Commission“) and the Government of the Swiss Confederation (“the Government“). The case originated in an application (no. 8737/79) against that State lodged with the Commission on 30 August 1979 under Article 25 (art. 25) of the Convention by two Swiss nationals, Mr. Werner Zimmermann and Mr. Johann Steiner.

The Commission’s request and the Government’s application were lodged with the registry of the Court within the period of three months laid down by Articles 32 § 1 and 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) - the former on 17 May and the latter on 8 July 1982. The request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the Swiss Confederation recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46), and the application to Articles 45, 47 and 48 (art. 45, art. 47, art. 48). The object of the request and the application was to obtain a decision as to whether the length of the proceedings relative to the hearing of the applicants’ appeal to the Swiss Federal Court had exceeded the reasonable time stipulated by Article 6 § 1 (art. 6-1) of the Convention.

The Chamber of seven judges to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert, the elected judge of Swiss nationality (Article 43 (art. 43) of the Convention), and Mr. G. Wiarda, the President of the Court (Rule 21 § 3 (b) of the Rules of Court). On 28 May 1982, the President drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr. F. Matscher, Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha, Mr. L.-E. Pettiti, Mr. R. Macdonald and Mr. R. Bernhardt (Article 43 (art. 43) in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 § 4). Subsequently, Mr. Bernhardt was exempted by the President from sitting and was replaced by Mr. D. Evrigenis (Rule 24 § 4). Mr. Wiarda, who had assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 § 5), ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Government and the Delegate of the Commission regarding the procedure to be followed. On 12 October 1982, he decided, having particular regard to their concurring statements, that it was not necessary for memorials to be filed and that the oral proceedings should open on 24 January 1983. By Order of 22 December 1982, the President requested the Government and the Commission to supply certain documents; these were received at the registry on various dates.

The hearings were held in public at the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 24 January 1983. Immediately before they opened, the Court had held a preparatory meeting; it had authorised the person assisting the Delegate of the Commission to use the German language (Rule 27 § 3). There appeared before the Court:

for the Government Mr. J. VOYAME, Director of the Federal Office of Justice, Agent, Mr. P. MÜLLER, Director of the registry of the Swiss Federal Court, Mr. O. JACOT-GUILLARMOD, Federal Office of Justice, Mr. B. MÜNGER, Federal Office of Justice, Counsel;

for the Commission Mr. J. SAMPAIO, Delegate, Mr. L. MINELLI, the applicants’ representative before the Commission, assisting the Delegate (Rule 29 § 1, second sentence, of the Rules of Court). The Court heard addresses by Mr. Voyame for the Government and by Mr. Sampaio and Mr. Minelli for the Commission, as well as their replies to its questions.

AS TO THE FACTS

Mr. Werner Zimmermann and Mr. Johann Steiner were born in 1937 and 1904 respectively. Mr. Zimmermann is a fitter and resides at Uster (Zürich); Mr. Steiner is retired and resides at Bargen (Berne). Until 30 September 1976, each of the applicants was the tenant of a flat, Mr. Zimmermann in Kloten and Mr. Steiner in Rümlang; these localities are close to Zürich-Kloten airport, which is in the territory of, and operated by, the Canton of Zürich.

A. Proceedings before the Federal Assessment Commission

In 1974, the applicants sought compensation from the Canton of Zürich for the damage caused by the noise and air pollution resulting from the operation of the airport; Mr. Zimmermann claimed a lump sum of 28,242 SF and Mr. Steiner a lump sum of 54,199 SF. Having been unable to arrive at a settlement with them, the Canton applied on 17 June 1974 for assessment proceedings to be opened under section 57 of the Federal Expropriation Act of 20 June 1930. The case was referred to the Federal Assessment Commission having jurisdiction in the matter, namely the Commission for the Tenth District; on this occasion it was presided over by a judge of the St. Gallen Higher Court and also comprised an architect, an engineer and the registrar of that court (sections 59 et seq. of the above-mentioned Act, Order of 24 April 1972 on the Federal Assessment Commissions and Order of 17 May 1972 on the Federal Assessment Districts).

The Assessment Commission rejected the applicants’ claims by a decision of 6 October 1976, which was served on them on 7 March 1977. It recognised that under Swiss case-law and legal theory tenants could in principle rely on the law of nuisance (voisinage) set out in the Civil Code (Articles 679 and 684); however, it considered that the applicants were alleging non-pecuniary damage and not damage to property, whereas only the latter fell to be taken into account under the Federal Expropriation Act.

B. Proceedings before the Federal Court

On 18 April 1977, Mr. Zimmermann and Mr. Steiner lodged with the Federal Court an administrative-law appeal against the Federal Assessment Commission’s decision (section 77 § 1 of the Federal Expropriation Act). The Federal Court sought the views of the Assessment Commission on 27 April. The latter filed its observations on 18 May 1977 and the administrative authorities of the Canton of Zürich filed theirs on 24 May 1977. This concluded the pleadings (procédure contradictoire).

The applicants’ lawyer wrote to the Federal Court on 8 September 1978 to enquire about the state of the proceedings. It replied, on 21 September, that it had not yet been able to deal with the case because of its excessive workload, but hoped to be able to give a decision during the coming months. The Federal Court enclosed with its letter a copy of the observations filed by the Canton of Zürich. The applicants reverted to the matter on 15 March 1979. In a letter of 23 March, the judge acting as rapporteur of the First Public-Law Chamber of the Federal Court informed them that, save for unforeseen circumstances, a decision would be given before the court vacation. On 29 June 1980, the applicants’ lawyer again asked the Federal Court for information about the state of the proceedings. On 11 July, the judge acting as rapporteur, whilst expressing his regrets about the delay in examining the case, replied that judgment would be delivered after the court vacation.

The First Public-Law Chamber of the Federal Court dismissed the appeal on 15 October 1980. Its judgment, which was fifteen pages in length, began by analysing the situation of residential and agricultural tenants in the event of expropriation. It went on to observe that when - in 1967 and 1958 respectively - the applicants signed their leases, which were renewable every three months, they were aware of the nuisance to which they would be subjected; they had not established that it had grown noticeably worse in the meantime (section 41 of the Expropriation Act).

C. The Federal Court’s excessive workload and the measures taken to deal with it

According to the statistics supplied by the Government, from 1969 to 1979 the total number of appeals rose from 1,629 to 3,037, that is an increase of 86%. The rate of growth was 107% for public-law appeals (1,336 against 634) and as much as 318% for administrative-law appeals (590 against 141). As early as 1970, the Federal Assembly decided to increase the number of members of the Federal Court from 26 to 28 and the number of substitute judges from 12 to 15; thereafter the Public-Law and Administrative-Law Chamber had 11 members instead of 9. In its report for 1971, published on 1 February 1972, the Federal Court drew attention to a build-up in the volume of litigation; it stated that “despite the increase, in 1970, in the number of judges“, it would “already have to consider at an early date the measures to be taken to deal with the growth in the quantity of cases“. In November 1973, the Federal Court submitted to the Federal Government a number of urgent proposals designed to reduce this excessive workload; at the same time it suggested that a thorough review be undertaken of the whole organisation of the Federal courts, especially in public- and administrative-law matters, as regards its objectives and its relationship with the administration of the Cantonal courts. In its message of 22 May 1974 to the Federal Assembly, the Federal Government put forward draft texts designed, on the one hand, to modify the Federal Constitution of the Courts Act as regards the Public-Law and Administrative-Law Chamber of the Federal Court and, on the other hand, to amend the Federal Decree fixing the number of registrars and secretaries; it proposed that the number of judges be increased from 28 to 30 and the number of registrars and secretaries from 24 to 28. In its preliminary observations, the Federal Government stated: “The cases coming before the Public-Law and Administrative-Law Chamber of the Federal Court constitute a task which, for a long time now, has been growing continuously and threatening to become an excessive workload of a permanent nature; in the long term and having regard to the Court’s present organisation, it will not be possible to keep abreast of this task without there being detrimental effects on the quality of the handling of cases and, at the end of the day, on protection under the law.“ However, the Federal Court itself requested that these reforms be deferred, pending a full-scale revision of the Federal Constitution of the Courts Act; this revision has not yet been effected (see paragraph 16 below).

In its report for 1977, dated 14 February 1978, the Federal Court recorded that there had been no diminution in the growth of its caseload, above all in the area of public and administrative law. It attributed this not only to the extension of the Confederation’s powers in administrative matters but also to the fact that citizens were having increased resort to the guarantees which the law afforded to them vis-à-vis the public authorities. On 14 December 1977, the Federal Court had recommended to the Federal Government urgent measures similar to those it had sought in 1973. As a result, in 1978 the Federal Assembly took a first series of decisions. It increased the number of Federal judges from 28 to 30 and, with effect from 1 February 1979, the number of registrars and secretaries from 24 to 28. It also decided to split the Public-Law and Administrative-Law Chamber into two Public-Law Chambers. The Federal Court, for its part, adopted on 14 December 1978 revised Rules of Procedure which also came into force on 1 February 1979. Public-law and administrative-law cases are now distributed, according to their subject-matter, amongst the different Divisions of the Federal Court.

These reforms were to prove insufficient. In its management report for 1979, dated 12 February 1980, the Federal Court recorded that 3,037 cases had been brought and 2,786 disposed of during the year; however, it had been necessary to carry over to 1980 the examination of some 1,565 cases that is more than half of those registered in 1979. The Federal Court observed that the vast majority (84%) of the cases remaining on its list concerned public and administrative law and stated: “In these areas, if no immediate solution is found, a litigant will in future have to wait for years before the Court rules on his case. In a State governed by the rule of law, such a situation is incompatible with the role that should be played by the Supreme Court.“ The Federal Government therefore proposed in their message of 17 September 1980 to the Federal Assembly that the number of registrars and secretaries be increased from 28 to 60. It should be noted that these are not junior administrative staff but highly-qualified lawyers who play an essential role in the functioning of the Federal Court (Rule 10 of the Federal Court’s Rules of Procedure, dated 14 December 1978); indeed they act in a consultative capacity during deliberations (Rule 12, second paragraph).

In its management report for 1980, dated 6 February 1981, the Federal Court pointed out that the situation was still serious. It regretted that the two legislative Chambers had not yet been able to adopt the Government’s proposals and added: “Owing to its overwhelming workload, the Court is now no longer able, in certain areas, to fulfil its role as guardian of the law, even though for its part it is doing everything possible, as regards internal organisation, to keep abreast of its obligations.“ On 20 March 1981, the Federal Assembly adopted a Decree raising from 28 to 40 the posts for registrars and secretaries of the Federal Court and also increasing its administrative staff. These measures led to some improvement: in its report for 1981, dated 12 February 1982, the Federal Court noted that for the first time since 1975 it had succeeded in disposing of almost as many cases (3,164) as had been registered (3,187); however, it had been obliged to adjourn 1,787. It concluded from this that “for some years more it will remain burdened by an excessive workload and will therefore not be able to decide cases within a time which would, having regard to their nature, appear reasonable in terms of the Constitution and the Convention“.

Quite apart from these decisions intended to cater for the immediate problem, the Federal committee of experts preparing a full-scale revision of the Federal Constitution of the Courts Act of 16 December 1943, designed to reduce the Federal Court’s workload and accelerate its proceedings, completed its work at the end of 1981. Recently, the Federal Office of Justice and Police submitted a preliminary draft text to the Government, with a view to setting in motion a consultation procedure which should be terminated in 1983.

The Federal Court has itself taken practical steps aimed at coping with its backlog of pending business. Believing that to process cases in chronological order would give rise to serious injustices, it has, in particular, utilised a system, known as “sorting“, based on the degree of urgency and the human implications of each case. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION

In their application of 30 August 1979 to the Commission (no. 8737/79), Mr. Zimmermann and Mr. Steiner alleged that the length of the proceedings relative to the hearing of their administrative-law appeal to the Federal Court (18 April 1977 - 15 October 1980) had exceeded the “reasonable time“ stipulated by Article 6 § 1 (art. 6-1) of the Convention.

The Commission declared the application admissible on 18 March 1981. In its report of 9 March 1982 (Article 31 (art. 31) of the Convention), the Commission expressed the unanimous opinion that there had been a violation of Article 6 § 1 (art. 6-1). FINAL SUBMISSIONS MADE TO THE COURT BY THE GOVERNMENT

At the hearings of 24 January 1983, the Government requested the Court “to hold that in the present case Switzerland has not violated Article 6 § 1 (art. 6-1) of the Convention“.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em1
ORG
NO_MASK
Government of the Swiss Confederation
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NO_MASK
001-57609_a11_em1
Government
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CODE
DIRECT
8737/79
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QUASI
30 August 1979
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NO_MASK
Swiss
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DIRECT
Mr. Werner Zimmermann
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Mr. Johann Steiner
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NO_MASK
Government
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three months
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17 May
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QUASI
8 July 1982
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NO_MASK
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Swiss Confederation
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Swiss Federal Court
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Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert
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NO_MASK
Swiss
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PERSON
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001-57609_a11_em25
Mr. G. Wiarda
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DATETIME
QUASI
28 May 1982
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NO_MASK
Mr. F. Matscher
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NO_MASK
Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha
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PERSON
NO_MASK
Mr. L.-E. Pettiti
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Mr. R. Macdonald
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Mr. R. Bernhardt
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Mr. Bernhardt
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Mr. D. Evrigenis
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NO_MASK
Mr. Wiarda
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NO_MASK
Government
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24 January 1983
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22 December 1982
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NO_MASK
Government
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LOC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
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QUASI
24 January 1983
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DEM
NO_MASK
German
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NO_MASK
Government
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Mr. J. VOYAME
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NO_MASK
Federal Office of Justice
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PERSON
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Mr. P. MÜLLER
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ORG
NO_MASK
Swiss Federal Court
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Mr. O. JACOT-GUILLARMOD
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NO_MASK
Federal Office of Justice
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Mr. B. MÜNGER
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NO_MASK
Federal Office of Justice
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Mr. J. SAMPAIO
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Mr. L. MINELLI
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001-57609_a11_em35
Mr. Voyame
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Government
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001-57609_a11_em43
Mr. Sampaio
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QUASI
001-57609_a11_em44
Mr. Minelli
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Werner Zimmermann
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PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Johann Steiner
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DATETIME
QUASI
1937
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1904
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PERSON
DIRECT
001-57609_a11_em6
Mr. Zimmermann
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001-57609_a11_em54
DEM
QUASI
fitter
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001-57609_a11_e35
001-57609_a11_em55
LOC
QUASI
Uster
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001-57609_a11_e36
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LOC
QUASI
Zürich
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PERSON
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001-57609_a11_em7
Mr. Steiner
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NO_MASK
retired
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001-57609_a11_e38
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LOC
QUASI
Bargen
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LOC
QUASI
Berne
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DATETIME
QUASI
30 September 1976
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Zimmermann
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LOC
QUASI
Kloten
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PERSON
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Mr. Steiner
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LOC
QUASI
Rümlang
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ORG
QUASI
Zürich-Kloten airport
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001-57609_a11_em67
ORG
QUASI
Canton of Zürich
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ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assessment Commission
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DATETIME
QUASI
1974
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ORG
QUASI
Canton of Zürich
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Zimmermann
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QUANTITY
QUASI
28,242 SF
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PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Steiner
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001-57609_a11_e48
001-57609_a11_em74
QUANTITY
QUASI
54,199 SF
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001-57609_a11_e45
001-57609_a11_em75
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57609_a11_em68 001-57609_a11_em67
Canton
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DATETIME
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17 June 1974
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DATETIME
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20 June 1930
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NO_MASK
Federal Assessment Commission
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LOC
NO_MASK
Tenth District
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St. Gallen Higher Court
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NO_MASK
architect
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DEM
NO_MASK
engineer
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DATETIME
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24 April 1972
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NO_MASK
Federal Assessment Commissions
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DATETIME
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17 May 1972
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Assessment Commission
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6 October 1976
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7 March 1977
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Swiss
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Federal Court
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18 April 1977
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Zimmermann
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Mr. Steiner
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Federal Court
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NO_MASK
Federal Assessment Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e56
001-57609_a11_em97
ORG
NO_MASK
Assessment Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e62
001-57609_a11_em98
DATETIME
NO_MASK
27 April
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e63
001-57609_a11_em99
DATETIME
QUASI
18 May 1977
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e44
001-57609_a11_em100
ORG
QUASI
Canton of Zürich
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e64
001-57609_a11_em101
DATETIME
QUASI
24 May 1977
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em102
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e65
001-57609_a11_em103
DATETIME
QUASI
8 September 1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e66
001-57609_a11_em104
DATETIME
NO_MASK
21 September
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e67
001-57609_a11_em105
DATETIME
NO_MASK
coming months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em106
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e44
001-57609_a11_em107
ORG
QUASI
Canton of Zürich
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e68
001-57609_a11_em108
DATETIME
QUASI
15 March 1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e69
001-57609_a11_em109
DATETIME
QUASI
23 March
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e70
001-57609_a11_em110
ORG
NO_MASK
First Public-Law Chamber of the Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em111
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e71
001-57609_a11_em112
DATETIME
QUASI
29 June 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em113
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e72
001-57609_a11_em114
DATETIME
NO_MASK
11 July
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e70
001-57609_a11_em115
ORG
NO_MASK
First Public-Law Chamber of the Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em116
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e73
001-57609_a11_em117
DATETIME
QUASI
15 October 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e74
001-57609_a11_em118
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1967
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e75
001-57609_a11_em119
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1958
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e76
001-57609_a11_em120
DATETIME
NO_MASK
every three months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em121
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em122
ORG
NO_MASK
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e77
001-57609_a11_em123
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1969 to 1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e78
001-57609_a11_em124
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
1,629
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e79
001-57609_a11_em125
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
3,037
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e80
001-57609_a11_em126
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
86%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e81
001-57609_a11_em127
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
107%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e82
001-57609_a11_em128
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
1,336
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e83
001-57609_a11_em129
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
634
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e84
001-57609_a11_em130
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
318%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e85
001-57609_a11_em131
DATETIME
NO_MASK
As early as 1970
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e86
001-57609_a11_em132
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em133
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e87
001-57609_a11_em134
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1971
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e88
001-57609_a11_em135
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 1972
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em136
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e89
001-57609_a11_em137
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1970
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e90
001-57609_a11_em138
DATETIME
QUASI
November 1973
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em139
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em140
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57609_a11_em1
Federal Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e91
001-57609_a11_em141
DATETIME
QUASI
22 May 1974
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e86
001-57609_a11_em142
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em143
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em144
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em145
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em146
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em147
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e92
001-57609_a11_em148
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1977
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e93
001-57609_a11_em149
DATETIME
QUASI
14 February 1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em150
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e94
001-57609_a11_em151
ORG
NO_MASK
Confederation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e95
001-57609_a11_em152
DATETIME
QUASI
14 December 1977
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em153
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em154
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e96
001-57609_a11_em155
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1973
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e97
001-57609_a11_em156
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e86
001-57609_a11_em157
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e98
001-57609_a11_em158
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e99
001-57609_a11_em159
ORG
NO_MASK
Public-Law Chambers
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em160
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e100
001-57609_a11_em161
DATETIME
QUASI
14 December 1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e98
001-57609_a11_em162
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em163
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e101
001-57609_a11_em164
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e102
001-57609_a11_em165
DATETIME
QUASI
12 February 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em166
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e79
001-57609_a11_em167
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
3,037
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e103
001-57609_a11_em168
QUANTITY
QUASI
2,786
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e104
001-57609_a11_em169
DATETIME
NO_MASK
year
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e105
001-57609_a11_em170
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e106
001-57609_a11_em171
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
some 1,565
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e101
001-57609_a11_em172
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em173
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e107
001-57609_a11_em174
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
84%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e108
001-57609_a11_em175
DATETIME
NO_MASK
years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e109
001-57609_a11_em176
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em177
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e110
001-57609_a11_em178
DATETIME
QUASI
17 September 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e86
001-57609_a11_em179
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em180
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em181
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e100
001-57609_a11_em182
DATETIME
QUASI
14 December 1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e105
001-57609_a11_em183
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e111
001-57609_a11_em184
DATETIME
NO_MASK
6 February 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em185
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em186
ORG
NO_MASK
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e112
001-57609_a11_em187
DATETIME
NO_MASK
20 March 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e86
001-57609_a11_em188
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Assembly
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e113
001-57609_a11_em189
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
28 to 40
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em190
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e114
001-57609_a11_em191
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e115
001-57609_a11_em192
DATETIME
NO_MASK
12 February 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em193
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e116
001-57609_a11_em194
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1975
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e117
001-57609_a11_em195
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
3,164
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e118
001-57609_a11_em196
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
3,187
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57609_a11_e119
001-57609_a11_em197
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
1,787
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e120
001-57609_a11_em198
DATETIME
NO_MASK
some years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e121
001-57609_a11_em199
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal committee of experts
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e122
001-57609_a11_em200
DATETIME
NO_MASK
16 December 1943
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em201
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e123
001-57609_a11_em202
DATETIME
NO_MASK
end of 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e124
001-57609_a11_em203
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Office of Justice and Police
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em204
ORG
NO_MASK
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e125
001-57609_a11_em205
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em206
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e3
001-57609_a11_em207
DATETIME
QUASI
30 August 1979
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e2
001-57609_a11_em208
CODE
DIRECT
8737/79
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e5
001-57609_a11_em209
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Zimmermann
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e6
001-57609_a11_em210
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Steiner
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e60
001-57609_a11_em211
ORG
NO_MASK
Federal Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e126
001-57609_a11_em212
DATETIME
QUASI
18 April 1977 - 15 October 1980
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e127
001-57609_a11_em213
DATETIME
QUASI
18 March 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e128
001-57609_a11_em214
DATETIME
QUASI
9 March 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e129
001-57609_a11_em215
ORG
NO_MASK
GOVERNMENT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e21
001-57609_a11_em216
DATETIME
QUASI
24 January 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em217
ORG
NO_MASK
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57609_a11_e1
001-57609_a11_em218
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57609_a11_em1
Switzerland
Werner Zimmermann
CHE
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Werner Zimmermann