PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 32771/96) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (“the Commission”) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by an Italian national, Santo Annino Tommaso Cuscani (“the applicant”), on 19 March 1996.

The applicant, who had been granted legal aid, was represented before the Court first by Mr S. Earl, a lawyer practising in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) and, following the Court's decision on admissibility, by Mr M. Purdon, a lawyer also practising in Newcastle upon Tyne. The United Kingdom Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms R. Mandal, Agent.

The applicant alleged that he did not receive a fair trial on account of the absence of interpretation at his hearing on sentencing.

The application was transmitted to the Court on 1 November 1998, when Protocol No. 11 to the Convention came into force (Article 5 § 2 of Protocol No. 11).

The application was originally allocated to the Third Section of the Court, which declared it admissible on 26 June 2001.

On 1 November 2001 the Court changed the composition of its Sections (Rule 25 § 1). The application was allocated to the new Fourth Section of the Court. Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 § 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 § 1 of the Rules of Court.

The applicant, but not the Government, filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 § 1). The Chamber decided, after consulting the parties, that no hearing on the merits was required (Rule 59 § 2 in fine).

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The applicant formerly managed “The Godfather Restaurant” in Newcastle upon Tyne, which was operated by a company of which the applicant was a director. Following an inquiry by the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise in 1988 into the restaurant and the applicant, the company went into liquidation and ownership of the lease of the restaurant was transferred to a new company controlled by the applicant. However, the restaurant was run by a succession of management companies under short-term management contracts. The various companies were all registered for Value Added Tax (“VAT”) purposes but failed to make any VAT payments or returns to the Customs and Excise authorities. In addition, wages were paid to employees in cash and were not declared to the Inland Revenue. The resulting loss of VAT was assessed at approximately 460,000 pounds sterling (“GBP”) and the accumulated losses in respect of Income Tax and National Insurance contributions were assessed at GBP 360,000. In September 1994 the applicant was declared bankrupt as a result of civil proceedings brought by the Inland Revenue to recover unpaid tax.

On 25 November 1994 the applicant was arrested and on 26 November 1994 charged with various offences of fraudulently evading VAT. He was remanded in custody. His applications for bail on 12 April 1995, 13 June 1995 and 7 December 1995 were refused.

The applicant was granted legal aid on 1 March 1995. The legal aid order covered both the committal hearings and the actual trial. The applicant was represented throughout the proceedings by a Queen's Counsel (“QC”), who was also a Recorder, a very experienced junior counsel and two different firms of solicitors.

On 3 March 1995 the Newcastle upon Tyne Magistrates' Court committed the applicant for trial before the Crown Court at Newcastle.

Preliminary hearings were held on 10 April 1995 and 2 June 1995. At the hearing of 16 June 1995 the applicant was indicted with two others on two counts of being knowingly concerned in the fraudulent evasion of VAT (between 22 May 1989 and 25 July 1994) and of taking steps with a view to the fraudulent evasion of VAT (between 25 July 1994 and 24 November 1994). The applicant pleaded not guilty.

At none of these hearings did either the applicant or his legal team request the provision of an interpreter, nor suggest to the court that the applicant required the services of an interpreter.

At the trial on 4 January 1996, the applicant, on the advice of counsel, changed his plea to guilty. He was also indicted on another count of cheating the public revenue and pleaded guilty to that charge too. The court was informed that the applicant disagreed on the quantum of the sums which formed the basis of the plea with the consequence that further discussion was needed on this matter with the prosecution. Defence counsel informed the court for the first time that the applicant had: “considerable difficulty in communicating, save in very simple concepts, in English. Now for the purpose of consultation we can get by, but one of the difficulties is that his English is very poor and his Italian is very Southern”.

Counsel invited the court to direct that an interpreter be present at the subsequent hearing, given that at either a hearing or indeed a plea: “... certain complicated matters might well have to be put before the court, and which he should understand as they are being put”.

The court granted this request and adjourned for reports to be written and for the parties to reach agreement on the issue of quantum, after convicting the applicant of all charges.

At the following hearing concerning sentence held on 26 January 1996, the court noted that no professional interpreter was present despite its earlier direction. The applicant's counsel stated that: “... it appears that no arrangements have been made, in which case I think that we shall have to make do and mend. It may require an occasional adjournment if something needs to be explained. It has been discussed extensively and obviously already with the [applicant] and, although he may not follow the detail of the proceedings, he certainly knows the outline of what the prosecution will say. I imagine that their case will very much follow the summary, and he knows the burden of what I intend to say.”

The trial judge asked whether anyone in court who knew the applicant was fluent in both English and Italian and could provide interpretation for the applicant. The applicant's counsel, without consulting his client, pointed out that the applicant's brother was present, and the court agreed to make use of him, if need be. The applicant's brother was never requested to translate any statement during the course of the hearing.

The applicant was sentenced to a total of four years' imprisonment and disqualified from being a company director for ten years.

On 14 May 1996 the applicant applied to the Court of Appeal Criminal Division seeking leave to appeal against sentence. In his application, the applicant was represented by the same legal team that had defended him at trial. In a letter to the Court of Appeal, the applicant stated that he had been sentenced on the basis, which was incorrect, that he had pleaded guilty to frauds totalling GBP 800,000 and that the real amount of the fraud was GBP 140,000. The applicant did not maintain in his application that he had been unable to understand the proceedings at the trial or to communicate effectively in court; nor did he allege in his application that he should have been provided with the services of an interpreter.

Leave to appeal was refused by the Single Judge on 3 May 1996 and by the full Court of Appeal on 15 July 1996.

On 2 September 1996 the applicant sought advice from the President of the Law Society on what action to take against his defence lawyers but did not receive any reply.

On 3 September 1996 the applicant wrote to the Home Secretary, admitting that he had not declared GBP 2,000 per week for staff wages due to the recession, and claiming that the real amount of the fraud was GBP 140,000 and not GBP 800,000. He further complained that his counsel had failed to secure him the services of an interpreter at the trial on 26 January 1996 and that this was of “paramount importance” for the purposes of the plea in mitigation. The applicant further observed that his QC had misled the trial court by stating that his brother would be able to act as a translator, when his brother was unable either to speak or write in English.

The Home Secretary forwarded the applicant's case to the Criminal Case Review Commission (“the Commission”). The applicant himself applied to the Commission, claiming inter alia that his lawyers should not have allowed him to plead guilty to the GBP 800,000 fraud, as he had only intended to accept guilt in respect of GBP 140,000. Furthermore, his lawyers had failed to ensure the presence of an interpreter both at conferences in preparation for the trial and in court. He maintained that his brother did not speak English well enough and that he had not understood the charges or the legal process. He complained about his counsel, who, he claimed, did not understand Italian but nevertheless did not insist on an interpreter being present at conferences; renounced the presence of a professional interpreter in court; did not understand the case; told him to plead guilty only at the trial, without explaining the consequences to him in detail and gave the court the wrong information that the applicant had accepted liability in respect of the total amount.

The Commission noted that it had interviewed the applicant via an Italian interpreter and that it was apparent from telephone conversations between the applicant and the Commission that he did not have a very good command of English. The Commission observed that the applicant's solicitor and counsel at trial did not accept that he lacked understanding either of the language or of the nature of the case against him. However, the Commission went on to note, inter alia, that a) in the course of the proceedings the applicant's solicitor had stated in counsel's brief that the applicant “has a grasp of English but is not very easily understood. At times, he says he wants an interpreter”; b) the trial judge had seen fit to order the presence of an interpreter; c) on appeal, the applicant's junior counsel had informed the court that the applicant did not have much of a command of English; d) the applicant's counsel told the Commission that he would have wanted an interpreter present had there been a trial on the basis of a not guilty plea.

The Commission accepted that the applicant would have been able to understand the generality of the prosecution case but expressed the view that an interpreter ought to have been present when the prosecution case was explained to the applicant by his own representatives, given the complex nature of the evidence. Furthermore, he should have had the benefit of an interpreter when it came to considering the matter of changing his plea to guilty.

The Commission also accepted that the applicant's brother was not an adequate interpreter, but considered that the lack of an interpreter at the trial was “of much less significance than it was at the earlier stage”. Further, the Commission found that too little time had been spent by the applicant's lawyers explaining the case to him.

The Commission concluded that there were grounds for finding that the plea was uninformed in that the applicant had not fully understood the nature of the case to which he was pleading, partly because of his inadequate understanding of the language, and because of the inadequate explanation of the case given to him by his legal representatives.

However, the Commission noted that the Court of Appeal no longer had the power to allow an appeal against conviction if it did not think the conviction was unsafe but was dissatisfied in some way with the trial process, since there was no longer room for the separate notion of an “unsatisfactory” conviction. In the view of the Commission, whilst the applicant's conviction was arguably unsatisfactory, it could not be said to be unsafe. Since the Commission did not consider that there was a real possibility that, if referred to the Court of Appeal, the conviction and sentence would not be upheld, it decided not to make such reference.

In the meantime, the applicant was released from prison on licence on 25 November 1996.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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32771/96
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Santo Annino Tommaso Cuscani
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19 March 1996
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Mr S. Earl
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NO_MASK
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Mr M. Purdon
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NO_MASK
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Government
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Ms R. Mandal
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QUASI
1 November 2001
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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Godfather Restaurant
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
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NO_MASK
Customs and Excise
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
1988
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUANTITY
QUASI
460,000 pounds sterling
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
Income Tax and National Insurance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
GBP 360,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
September 1994
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NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
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QUASI
25 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em36
DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 1994
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001-60643_a11_em37
DATETIME
QUASI
12 April 1995
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QUASI
13 June 1995
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QUASI
7 December 1995
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001-60643_a11_em40
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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3 March 1995
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em50
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QUASI
2 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
16 June 1995
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DATETIME
QUASI
22 May 1989
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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DATETIME
QUASI
25 July 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e38
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NO_MASK
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001-60643_a11_em55
DATETIME
NO_MASK
24 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e40
001-60643_a11_em56
DATETIME
QUASI
4 January 1996
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DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em58
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e4
001-60643_a11_em59
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e42
001-60643_a11_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em61
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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DATETIME
NO_MASK
four years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em64
DEM
NO_MASK
director
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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DATETIME
NO_MASK
ten years
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001-60643_a11_em66
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NO_MASK
14 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e46
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Court of Appeal Criminal Division
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e49
001-60643_a11_em70
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a11_e50
001-60643_a11_em71
DATETIME
QUASI
3 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e47
001-60643_a11_em72
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NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
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001-60643_a11_em73
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QUASI
15 July 1996
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001-60643_a11_e52
001-60643_a11_em74
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QUASI
2 September 1996
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NO_MASK
Law Society
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3 September 1996
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Home Secretary
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001-60643_a11_e56
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QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 2,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a11_e49
001-60643_a11_em79
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a11_e48
001-60643_a11_em80
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_e42
001-60643_a11_em81
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
QC
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em83
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a11_em85
Commission
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NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NO_MASK
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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QUASI
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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MISC
QUASI
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e1
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CODE
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32771/96
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e2
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ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e3
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DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e4
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PERSON
DIRECT
Santo Annino Tommaso Cuscani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e5
001-60643_a7_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
19 March 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e6
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PERSON
QUASI
Mr S. Earl
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
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001-60643_a7_e7
001-60643_a7_em7
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne (England)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e8
001-60643_a7_em8
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. Purdon
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e7
001-60643_a7_em9
LOC
QUASI
001-60643_a7_em7
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e9
001-60643_a7_em10
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e10
001-60643_a7_em11
PERSON
QUASI
Ms R. Mandal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e11
001-60643_a7_em12
DATETIME
QUASI
26 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e12
001-60643_a7_em13
MISC
QUASI
The Godfather Restaurant
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e7
001-60643_a7_em14
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e13
001-60643_a7_em15
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e14
001-60643_a7_em16
ORG
NO_MASK
Customs and Excise
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e15
001-60643_a7_em17
DATETIME
QUASI
1988
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e12
001-60643_a7_em18
MISC
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em13
restaurant
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e12
001-60643_a7_em19
MISC
NO_MASK
restaurant
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e12
001-60643_a7_em20
MISC
NO_MASK
restaurant
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e14
001-60643_a7_em21
ORG
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em16
Customs and Excise authorities
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e13
001-60643_a7_em22
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e16
001-60643_a7_em23
QUANTITY
QUASI
approximately 460,000 pounds sterling (“GBP”)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e17
001-60643_a7_em24
ORG
NO_MASK
Income Tax and National Insurance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e18
001-60643_a7_em25
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 360,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e19
001-60643_a7_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
September 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e13
001-60643_a7_em27
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e20
001-60643_a7_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
25 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e21
001-60643_a7_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e22
001-60643_a7_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
12 April 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e23
001-60643_a7_em31
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e24
001-60643_a7_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e25
001-60643_a7_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
1 March 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e26
001-60643_a7_em34
DEM
NO_MASK
Queen's Counsel (“QC”)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e27
001-60643_a7_em35
DEM
QUASI
Recorder
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e28
001-60643_a7_em36
DEM
NO_MASK
junior counsel
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e29
001-60643_a7_em37
QUANTITY
QUASI
two different firms of solicitors
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e30
001-60643_a7_em38
DATETIME
QUASI
3 March 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e7
001-60643_a7_em39
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e31
001-60643_a7_em40
ORG
NO_MASK
Magistrates' Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e32
001-60643_a7_em41
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e7
001-60643_a7_em42
LOC
QUASI
001-60643_a7_em39
Newcastle
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e33
001-60643_a7_em43
DATETIME
QUASI
10 April 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e34
001-60643_a7_em44
DATETIME
QUASI
2 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e35
001-60643_a7_em45
DATETIME
QUASI
16 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e36
001-60643_a7_em46
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
two others
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e37
001-60643_a7_em47
QUANTITY
QUASI
two counts
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e38
001-60643_a7_em48
DATETIME
QUASI
between 22 May 1989 and 25 July 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e39
001-60643_a7_em49
DATETIME
QUASI
between 25 July 1994 and 24 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e40
001-60643_a7_em50
DATETIME
QUASI
4 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em51
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em52
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e3
001-60643_a7_em53
MISC
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e42
001-60643_a7_em54
MISC
QUASI
Southern
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e43
001-60643_a7_em55
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em56
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e3
001-60643_a7_em57
MISC
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em58
DEM
NO_MASK
applicant's brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em59
DEM
NO_MASK
applicant's brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e45
001-60643_a7_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
four years'
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e46
001-60643_a7_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
ten years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e47
001-60643_a7_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
14 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e48
001-60643_a7_em63
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal Criminal Division
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e49
001-60643_a7_em64
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e50
001-60643_a7_em65
QUANTITY
QUASI
totalling GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e51
001-60643_a7_em66
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e52
001-60643_a7_em67
DATETIME
QUASI
3 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e49
001-60643_a7_em68
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e53
001-60643_a7_em69
DATETIME
QUASI
15 July 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e54
001-60643_a7_em70
DATETIME
QUASI
2 September 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e55
001-60643_a7_em71
DEM
NO_MASK
President of the Law Society
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e56
001-60643_a7_em72
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e57
001-60643_a7_em73
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Secretary
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e58
001-60643_a7_em74
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 2,000 per week
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e51
001-60643_a7_em75
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e59
001-60643_a7_em76
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e43
001-60643_a7_em77
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-60643_a7_e26
001-60643_a7_em78
DEM
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em34
QC
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em79
DEM
NO_MASK
brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em80
DEM
NO_MASK
brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em81
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e57
001-60643_a7_em82
ORG
NO_MASK
Home Secretary
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em83
ORG
NO_MASK
Criminal Case Review Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em84
ORG
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em83
“the Commission”
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em85
ORG
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em83
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e59
001-60643_a7_em86
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e51
001-60643_a7_em87
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em88
DEM
NO_MASK
001-60643_a7_em59
brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em89
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e3
001-60643_a7_em90
MISC
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em91
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e3
001-60643_a7_em92
MISC
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em93
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em94
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em95
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em97
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e28
001-60643_a7_em98
DEM
NO_MASK
junior counsel
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e41
001-60643_a7_em99
MISC
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em100
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em101
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em102
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e44
001-60643_a7_em103
DEM
NO_MASK
applicant's brother
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em104
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em105
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em106
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e49
001-60643_a7_em107
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em108
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e60
001-60643_a7_em109
ORG
NO_MASK
Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e49
001-60643_a7_em110
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a7_e61
001-60643_a7_em111
DATETIME
QUASI
25 November 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e1
001-60643_a8_em1
CODE
DIRECT
32771/96
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e2
001-60643_a8_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e3
001-60643_a8_em3
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e4
001-60643_a8_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Santo Annino Tommaso Cuscani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e5
001-60643_a8_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
19 March 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e6
001-60643_a8_em6
PERSON
QUASI
Mr S. Earl
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e7
001-60643_a8_em7
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e8
001-60643_a8_em8
LOC
NO_MASK
England
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e9
001-60643_a8_em9
PERSON
QUASI
Mr M. Purdon
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e7
001-60643_a8_em10
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e10
001-60643_a8_em11
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e11
001-60643_a8_em12
PERSON
QUASI
Ms R. Mandal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e12
001-60643_a8_em13
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1 November 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e13
001-60643_a8_em14
DATETIME
QUASI
26 June 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e14
001-60643_a8_em15
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1 November 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e15
001-60643_a8_em16
ORG
QUASI
The Godfather Restaurant
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e7
001-60643_a8_em17
LOC
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e16
001-60643_a8_em18
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e17
001-60643_a8_em19
ORG
NO_MASK
Customs and Excise
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e18
001-60643_a8_em20
DATETIME
QUASI
1988
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e16
001-60643_a8_em21
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e19
001-60643_a8_em22
QUANTITY
QUASI
460,000 pounds sterling (“GBP”)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e20
001-60643_a8_em23
ORG
NO_MASK
Income Tax and National Insurance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e21
001-60643_a8_em24
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 360,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e22
001-60643_a8_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
September 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e16
001-60643_a8_em26
ORG
NO_MASK
Inland Revenue
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e23
001-60643_a8_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
25 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e24
001-60643_a8_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e25
001-60643_a8_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
12 April 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e26
001-60643_a8_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e27
001-60643_a8_em31
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e28
001-60643_a8_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
1 March 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e29
001-60643_a8_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
3 March 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e30
001-60643_a8_em34
ORG
QUASI
Newcastle upon Tyne Magistrates' Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e31
001-60643_a8_em35
ORG
NO_MASK
Crown Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e32
001-60643_a8_em36
DATETIME
QUASI
10 April 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e33
001-60643_a8_em37
DATETIME
QUASI
2 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e34
001-60643_a8_em38
DATETIME
QUASI
16 June 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e35
001-60643_a8_em39
DATETIME
QUASI
22 May 1989
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e36
001-60643_a8_em40
DATETIME
QUASI
25 July 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e36
001-60643_a8_em41
DATETIME
QUASI
25 July 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e37
001-60643_a8_em42
DATETIME
QUASI
24 November 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e38
001-60643_a8_em43
DATETIME
QUASI
4 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em44
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em45
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e3
001-60643_a8_em46
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e40
001-60643_a8_em47
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em48
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e3
001-60643_a8_em49
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e41
001-60643_a8_em50
DATETIME
QUASI
four years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e42
001-60643_a8_em51
DATETIME
QUASI
ten years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e43
001-60643_a8_em52
DATETIME
QUASI
14 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e44
001-60643_a8_em53
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal Criminal Division
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e45
001-60643_a8_em54
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e46
001-60643_a8_em55
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e47
001-60643_a8_em56
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e48
001-60643_a8_em57
DATETIME
QUASI
3 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e45
001-60643_a8_em58
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e49
001-60643_a8_em59
DATETIME
QUASI
15 July 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e50
001-60643_a8_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
2 September 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e51
001-60643_a8_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
3 September 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e52
001-60643_a8_em62
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 2,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e47
001-60643_a8_em63
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e46
001-60643_a8_em64
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e40
001-60643_a8_em65
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em66
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-60643_a8_e53
001-60643_a8_em67
ORG
NO_MASK
Criminal Case Review Commission (“the Commission”)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e46
001-60643_a8_em68
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 800,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e47
001-60643_a8_em69
QUANTITY
QUASI
GBP 140,000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em70
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e3
001-60643_a8_em71
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e3
001-60643_a8_em72
DEM
QUASI
Italian
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em73
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em74
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e39
001-60643_a8_em75
DEM
NO_MASK
English
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e45
001-60643_a8_em76
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e45
001-60643_a8_em77
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-60643_a8_e54
001-60643_a8_em78
DATETIME
QUASI
25 November 1996
Tommaso Cuscani
GBR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Tommaso Cuscani