PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 26839/05) against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a British national, Mr Malcolm Kennedy (“the applicant”), on 12 July 2005.

The applicant was represented by N. Mole of the AIRE Centre, a non-governmental organisation based in London. The United Kingdom Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms E. Willmott of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

The applicant complained about an alleged interception of his communications, claiming a violation of Article 8. He further alleged that the hearing before the Investigatory Powers Tribunal was not attended by adequate safeguards as required under Article 6 and, under Article 13, that he had as a result been denied an effective remedy.

On 14 November 2008 the Vice-President of the Fourth Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 § 3).

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

A. Background facts

On 23 December 1990, the applicant was arrested for drunkenness and taken to Hammersmith Police Station. He was held overnight in a cell shared by another detainee, Patrick Quinn. The next day, Mr Quinn was found dead with severe injuries. The applicant was charged with his murder. The applicant alleged that the police had framed him for the murder in order to cover up their own wrongdoing. In September 1991, the applicant was found guilty of the murder of Mr Quinn and was sentenced to life imprisonment. In February 1993, his conviction was overturned on appeal. At a first retrial, one of the police officers, a key prosecution witness, failed to appear. He was subsequently declared mentally unstable and was withdrawn from the proceedings. Following a second retrial, the applicant was convicted in 1994 of manslaughter and sentenced to nine years' imprisonment. The case was controversial in the United Kingdom on account of missing and conflicting police evidence which led some – including a number of Members of Parliament – to question the safety of the applicant's conviction.

In 1996, the applicant was released from prison. Following his release, he became active in campaigning against miscarriages of justice generally. He subsequently started a removal business called Small Moves, undertaking small moves and van hire in London. Although his business did well at the beginning, he subsequently began to experience interference with his business telephone calls. He alleged that local calls to his telephone were not being put through to him and that he was receiving a number of time-wasting hoax calls. The applicant suspected that this was because his mail, telephone and email communications were being intercepted. As a result of the interference, the applicant's business began to suffer.

The applicant believed that the interception of his communications was directly linked to his high profile case and his subsequent involvement in campaigning against miscarriages of justice. He alleged that the police and security services were continually and unlawfully renewing an interception warrant – originally authorised for the criminal proceedings against him – in order to intimidate him and undermine his business activities.

B. Domestic proceedings

On 10 July 2000 the applicant made subject access requests to MI5 and GCHQ (the United Kingdom's intelligence agencies responsible for national security) under the Data Protection Act 1998 (“DPA” – see paragraphs 21 to 22 below). The object of the requests was to discover whether information about him was being processed by the agencies and to obtain access to the content of the information. Both requests were refused on the basis that the information requested was exempt from the disclosure requirements of the 1998 Act on the grounds of national security under certificates issued by the Secretary of State on 22 July 2000 (MI5) and 30 July 2000 (GCHQ).

On 6 July 2001 the applicant lodged two complaints with the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (“IPT”). First, the applicant complained under sections 65(2)(b) and 65(4) of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (“RIPA” – see paragraphs 25 to 80 below) that his communications were being intercepted in “challengeable circumstances”, within the meaning of section 65(7) RIPA (i.e. under an interception warrant or in circumstances in which there ought to have been an interception warrant or where consideration ought to have been given to obtaining an interception warrant). Second, the applicant complained under sections 6(1) and 7(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 (“HRA”) and section 65(2)(a) RIPA that there was an unlawful interference with his rights under Article 8 of the Convention.

The applicant's Grounds of Claim and Complaint outlined the grounds for bringing the proceedings as follows: “4(a) That the authorities' conduct was, and is, incompatible with his rights under Article 8 of the Convention and a violation of equivalent rights of his at common law. Such conduct is unlawful as a result of HRA s. 6(1) and forms the basis for a complaint under RIPA s. 65. (b) To the extent any such conduct purports to have the authority of a warrant issued or renewed under RIPA Part I or the corresponding predecessor provisions of the Interception of Communications Act 1985 (“IOCA”), the issue and renewal of that warrant, as well as the conduct itself, has at all times lacked the necessary justification, whether under the express provisions of RIPA Part I (or IOCA), Article 8(2) of the Convention, or the general law. (c) Moreover the authorities' conduct was and is unlawful because in breach of the requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998 (“DPA”). Conduct in breach of those requirements takes place in challengeable circumstances under RIPA s. 65(4) and (7) and is also incompatible with the Complainant's rights under Article 8 of the Convention.

In addition, the Complainant relies in these proceedings on his right to a fair hearing under Article 6(1) of the Convention. In light of that right, the Complainant makes certain submissions about the way in which these proceedings ought to be conducted ...”

The applicant requested specific directions regarding the conduct of the proceedings in order to ensure the protection of his Convention rights under Article 6 § 1. In particular, he requested that his arguments and evidence be presented at an oral hearing; that all hearings be conducted in public; that there be mutual disclosure and inspection between the parties of all witness statements and evidence upon which parties sought to rely and exchange of skeleton arguments in relation to planned legal submissions; that evidence of each party be heard in the presence of the other party or their legal representatives, with oral evidence being open to cross-examination by the other party; that any opinion received from a Commissioner be disclosed to the parties, who would have the opportunity to make oral representations in light of it; that each party be able to apply for a derogation from any of the above in relation to a particular piece of evidence; and that, following its final determination, the IPT state its findings and give reasons for its conclusions on each relevant issue. He argued that to the extent that the IPT's rules of procedure (see paragraphs 84 to 87 below) prevented the directions sought, they were incompatible with his right to a fair hearing.

The Grounds of Claim and Complaint referred to the applicant's belief that his communications were being intercepted and that any warrant in place was being continually renewed.

Paragraph 13 of the Grounds of Claim and Complaint noted: “So far as the proceedings are brought in reliance on HRA s. 7(1)(a) or (b), the Complainant submits that: (a) The interception, and retention or other processing of intercept product, by any of the Respondents amounts to an interference with the Complainant's right to respect for private life and correspondence protected by Article 8(1) of the Convention; (b) The interception and processing have at no time been in accordance with the law as required by Article 8(2); (c) The interception and its purported authorisation (if any), and processing, have at no time been justified as necessary in a democratic society as required by Article 8(2).”

Paragraph 14 of the Grounds of Claim and Complaint expanded on the applicant's submissions: “In particular, the Complainant submits that: (a) the proper inference from the circumstances described by the Complainant, amplified by the refusal of the [authorities] to deny the activities alleged, is that it is established on the balance of probabilities that the interception and processing took place. At minimum there is a reasonable likelihood that interception and processing ... has taken place and continues to take place (Hewitt and Harman v. UK, 12175/86, EComHR Report 9.5.89, paras. 26-32). (b) The interception is not in accordance with the law so far as involving a breach of any requirement of the DPA (including the Data Protection Principles) ... (c) The complainant poses no risk to national security nor in his case could any other ground for authorising interception of his communications reasonably be considered to exist. It cannot be said that interception of his communications has at any material time been a necessary or proportionate interference ... with his rights under Article 8(1).”

As to remedies, the Grounds of Claim and Complaint noted the following: “17. If the Tribunal finds that the Complainant succeeds on the claim or complaint, it is asked to make ... : (a) a final order prohibiting each Respondent from intercepting any communication by the Complainant ... or retaining or otherwise processing the product of any such interception, except on the grounds, and subject to the procedure, provided for by RIPA Part I; (b) an order ... quashing or cancelling any warrant or authorisation relating to any such interception; (c) an order requiring the destruction of any product of such interception ... (d) an award of compensation ... and/or damages ... for the loss and damage sustained by the Complainant in consequence of the matters complained of (including economic loss resulting from interference with his business communications).”

On 23 January 2003, the IPT, presided over by Lord Justice Mummery, issued a joint Ruling on Preliminary Issues of Law in the applicant's case together with a case involving a complaint by British-Irish Rights Watch and others in which a similar challenge to the IPT's Rules was made (see paragraphs 84 to 87 below).

On 9 December 2004, the IPT, again presided over by Lord Justice Mummery, issued a second ruling on preliminary issues of law in the applicant's case. In the introduction to its ruling, the IPT summarised the case before it as follows: “1. On 6 July 2001 the Complainant made (a) a complaint to the Tribunal under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act ... and (b) a claim under the Human Rights Act 1998 ... in respect of alleged ongoing interception by one or more of the respondent agencies (the Security Service, GCHQ and the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis) over a period dating back to June 1996 ...

The Complainant also alleges harassment, intrusive surveillance, interference with property, removal of documents, interference with a web site and e-mails and interception of privileged communications by the respondent agencies.

The Complainant seeks a final order prohibiting the agencies from intercepting any communication by him in the course of its transmission by means of a telecommunications system or retaining or otherwise processing the product of any such interception except on the grounds and subject to the procedure provided by RIPA Part I.

He also seeks an order requiring the destruction of any product of such interception held by each respondent, whether or not obtained pursuant to any warrant or authorisation; and an award of compensation under s 67(7) RIPA and/or damages sustained by the Complainant in consequence of the matters complained of.”

The ruling dealt with a number of matters relating to the extent of its jurisdiction in respect of the applicant's complaints relating to conduct prior to the entry into force of RIPA.

Following its ruling of 9 December 2004, the IPT proceeded to examine the applicant's specific complaints in private.

On 17 January 2005, the IPT notified the applicant that no determination had been made in his favour in respect of his complaints. This meant either that there had been no interception or that any interception which took place was lawful.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e1
001-98473_a11_em1
CODE
DIRECT
26839/05
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e2
001-98473_a11_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e3
001-98473_a11_em3
DEM
NO_MASK
British
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e4
001-98473_a11_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Malcolm Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e5
001-98473_a11_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
12 July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e6
001-98473_a11_em6
PERSON
QUASI
N. Mole
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e7
001-98473_a11_em7
ORG
QUASI
AIRE Centre
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e8
001-98473_a11_em8
LOC
NO_MASK
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e9
001-98473_a11_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e9
001-98473_a11_em10
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em9
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e10
001-98473_a11_em11
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Willmott
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e11
001-98473_a11_em12
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em13
ORG
NO_MASK
Investigatory Powers Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e13
001-98473_a11_em14
DATETIME
QUASI
14 November 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e9
001-98473_a11_em15
ORG
NO_MASK
Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e14
001-98473_a11_em16
DATETIME
QUASI
23 December 1990
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e15
001-98473_a11_em17
ORG
QUASI
Hammersmith Police Station
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e16
001-98473_a11_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Patrick Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e16
001-98473_a11_em19
PERSON
QUASI
001-98473_a11_em18
Mr Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e17
001-98473_a11_em20
DATETIME
QUASI
September 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e16
001-98473_a11_em21
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e18
001-98473_a11_em22
DATETIME
QUASI
February 1993
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e19
001-98473_a11_em23
DATETIME
NO_MASK
1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e20
001-98473_a11_em24
DATETIME
NO_MASK
nine years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e2
001-98473_a11_em25
LOC
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e21
001-98473_a11_em26
ORG
NO_MASK
Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e22
001-98473_a11_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e23
001-98473_a11_em28
ORG
QUASI
Small Moves
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e8
001-98473_a11_em29
LOC
NO_MASK
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e24
001-98473_a11_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
10 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e25
001-98473_a11_em31
ORG
NO_MASK
MI5
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e26
001-98473_a11_em32
ORG
NO_MASK
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e2
001-98473_a11_em33
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em2
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em34
MISC
NO_MASK
Data Protection Act 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em35
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em34
DPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em36
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em34
1998 Act
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e28
001-98473_a11_em37
DATETIME
QUASI
22 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e25
001-98473_a11_em38
ORG
NO_MASK
MI5
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e29
001-98473_a11_em39
DATETIME
QUASI
30 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e26
001-98473_a11_em40
ORG
NO_MASK
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e30
001-98473_a11_em41
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em42
ORG
NO_MASK
Investigatory Powers Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em43
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em42
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em44
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em45
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em45
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em46
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e32
001-98473_a11_em47
MISC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Act 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e32
001-98473_a11_em48
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em47
HRA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em49
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e32
001-98473_a11_em50
MISC
NO_MASK
HRA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em51
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e33
001-98473_a11_em52
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA Part I
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e34
001-98473_a11_em53
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em54
Communications Act 1985
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e34
001-98473_a11_em54
MISC
NO_MASK
IOCA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e33
001-98473_a11_em55
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA Part I
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e34
001-98473_a11_em56
MISC
NO_MASK
IOCA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em57
MISC
NO_MASK
Data Protection Act 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em58
MISC
NO_MASK
DPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em59
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em60
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em61
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e32
001-98473_a11_em62
MISC
NO_MASK
HRA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e35
001-98473_a11_em63
MISC
NO_MASK
Hewitt and Harman v. UK
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e36
001-98473_a11_em64
CODE
NO_MASK
12175/86
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em65
MISC
NO_MASK
DPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a11_e27
001-98473_a11_em66
MISC
NO_MASK
001-98473_a11_em65
Data Protection Principles
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e37
001-98473_a11_em67
ORG
NO_MASK
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e33
001-98473_a11_em68
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA Part I
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e38
001-98473_a11_em69
DATETIME
QUASI
23 January 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em70
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e39
001-98473_a11_em71
PERSON
NO_MASK
Mummery
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e40
001-98473_a11_em72
ORG
NO_MASK
British-Irish Rights Watch
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em73
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e41
001-98473_a11_em74
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em75
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e39
001-98473_a11_em76
PERSON
NO_MASK
Mummery
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em77
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e30
001-98473_a11_em78
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e37
001-98473_a11_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e32
001-98473_a11_em80
MISC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Act 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e42
001-98473_a11_em81
ORG
NO_MASK
Security Service
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e26
001-98473_a11_em82
ORG
NO_MASK
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e43
001-98473_a11_em83
ORG
NO_MASK
Police for the Metropolis
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e44
001-98473_a11_em84
DATETIME
QUASI
June 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e45
001-98473_a11_em85
MISC
QUASI
removal of documents, interference with a web site and e-mails and interception of privileged communications by the respondent agencies
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e46
001-98473_a11_em86
ORG
NO_MASK
RIPA Part I.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em87
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e31
001-98473_a11_em88
MISC
NO_MASK
RIPA
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e41
001-98473_a11_em89
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em90
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e47
001-98473_a11_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
17 January 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a11_e12
001-98473_a11_em92
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e1
001-98473_a7_em1
CODE
DIRECT
26839/05
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e2
001-98473_a7_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e3
001-98473_a7_em3
DEM
QUASI
British
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e4
001-98473_a7_em4
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Malcolm Kennedy
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e5
001-98473_a7_em5
DATETIME
QUASI
12 July 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e6
001-98473_a7_em6
PERSON
QUASI
N. Mole
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e7
001-98473_a7_em7
ORG
QUASI
AIRE Centre
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e8
001-98473_a7_em8
LOC
QUASI
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e9
001-98473_a7_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
United Kingdom Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e10
001-98473_a7_em10
PERSON
QUASI
Ms E. Willmott
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e11
001-98473_a7_em11
ORG
NO_MASK
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em12
ORG
NO_MASK
Investigatory Powers Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e13
001-98473_a7_em13
DATETIME
QUASI
14 November 2008
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e14
001-98473_a7_em14
DATETIME
QUASI
23 December 1990
HEALTH
insert
001-98473_a7_e15
001-98473_a7_em15
DEM
NO_MASK
drunkenness
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e16
001-98473_a7_em16
LOC
QUASI
Hammersmith Police Station
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e17
001-98473_a7_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Patrick Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e17
001-98473_a7_em18
PERSON
QUASI
001-98473_a7_em17
Mr Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e18
001-98473_a7_em19
DATETIME
QUASI
September 1991
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e17
001-98473_a7_em20
PERSON
QUASI
Mr Quinn
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e19
001-98473_a7_em21
DATETIME
QUASI
February 1993
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e20
001-98473_a7_em22
DEM
NO_MASK
police officers
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e21
001-98473_a7_em23
DEM
NO_MASK
mentally unstable
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e22
001-98473_a7_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e23
001-98473_a7_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
nine years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e24
001-98473_a7_em26
LOC
NO_MASK
United Kingdom
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e25
001-98473_a7_em27
DEM
NO_MASK
Members of Parliament
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e26
001-98473_a7_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e27
001-98473_a7_em29
MISC
QUASI
removal business
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a7_e28
001-98473_a7_em30
ORG
QUASI
Small Moves
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e29
001-98473_a7_em31
MISC
QUASI
small moves and van hire
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e8
001-98473_a7_em32
LOC
QUASI
London
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e30
001-98473_a7_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
10 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e31
001-98473_a7_em34
ORG
NO_MASK
MI5
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e32
001-98473_a7_em35
ORG
NO_MASK
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e33
001-98473_a7_em36
MISC
NO_MASK
United Kingdom's intelligence agencies responsible for national security
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e34
001-98473_a7_em37
ORG
NO_MASK
Secretary of State
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e35
001-98473_a7_em38
DATETIME
QUASI
22 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e31
001-98473_a7_em39
ORG
NO_MASK
MI5
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e36
001-98473_a7_em40
DATETIME
QUASI
30 July 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e32
001-98473_a7_em41
ORG
NO_MASK
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e37
001-98473_a7_em42
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e38
001-98473_a7_em43
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
two complaints
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em44
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a7_em12
Investigatory Powers Tribunal (“IPT”)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em45
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a7_em44
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em46
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em47
ORG
NO_MASK
001-98473_a7_em44
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e39
001-98473_a7_em48
DATETIME
QUASI
23 January 2003
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em49
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-98473_a7_e40
001-98473_a7_em50
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Mummery
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e41
001-98473_a7_em51
ORG
QUASI
British-Irish Rights Watch
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em52
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e42
001-98473_a7_em53
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em54
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e40
001-98473_a7_em55
PERSON
QUASI
Lord Justice Mummery
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em56
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e37
001-98473_a7_em57
DATETIME
QUASI
6 July 2001
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em58
ORG
NO_MASK
Tribunal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e43
001-98473_a7_em59
ORG
QUASI
Security Service
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e32
001-98473_a7_em60
ORG
QUASI
GCHQ
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-98473_a7_e44
001-98473_a7_em61
ORG
QUASI
Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e45
001-98473_a7_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
June 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e42
001-98473_a7_em63
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December 2004
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em64
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e46
001-98473_a7_em65
DATETIME
QUASI
17 January 2005
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-98473_a7_e12
001-98473_a7_em66
ORG
NO_MASK
IPT
Malcolm Kennedy
GBR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Malcolm Kennedy