PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 15476/02) against the Republic of Poland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Polish national, Mr Artur Bystrowski (“the applicant”), on 26 November 2001.

The Polish Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Mr J. Wołąsiewicz of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The applicant mainly complained under Articles 3 and 5 § 3 of the Convention of the inadequate conditions and the unreasonable length of his pre-trial detention.

On 20070831 the President of the Fourth Section decided to give notice of the application to the Government. It was also decided to rule on the admissibility and merits of the application at the same time (Article 29 § 1).

THE FACTS

I. THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF THE CASE

A. The circumstances of the case

The applicant, Mr Artur Bystrowski, is a Polish national who was born in 1963 and lives in Strzelin.

1. The applicant’s pre-trial detention and criminal proceedings against him

On 8 September 2000 the Wrocław District Court (Sąd Rejonowy) detained the applicant on remand on suspicion of having committed theft and forgery and of leadership of an organised criminal gang.

Subsequently, the applicant’s pre-trial detention was extended on several occasions. In successive decisions, given on 29 November 2000, 15 February and 7 December 2001, 23 August and 2 October 2002, the court repeatedly relied on the strong probability that the applicant had committed the offences and that there was a real risk that he would receive a severe sentence. This – together with the fact that he had acted in a gang and that there were several co-accused in the case –gave rise to a presumption that he would obstruct the proper conduct of the proceedings.

In the meantime, on 9 February 2001 a bill of indictment was issued, charging the applicant with multiple theft, forgery, possession of a firearm without a licence and leadership of an organised criminal gang.

The first court’s hearing took place on 6 April 2001. Subsequently, nine sessions were scheduled in 2001; eighteen in 2002; sixteen in 2003; and eleven in 2004. In 2001 the trial court heard testimonies of thirty-four witnesses; in 2002 - of forty-six; in 2003 – of five; and in 2004 of four. The court also examined other voluminous evidence and considered various procedural motions filed by the applicant and other co-defendants.

As the length of the applicant’s detention had reached the statutory 2-year time-limit laid down in Article 263 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Wrocław Regional Court (Sąd Okręgowy) applied to the Wrocław Court of Appeal (Sąd Apelacyjny) asking for the applicant’s detention to be extended beyond that period. On 20 November and 6 December 2002 and 5 March 2003 the Court of Appeal granted the applications, finding that the grounds previously given for the detention on remand were still valid and that the use of the most severe preventive measure was necessary to ensure the proper conduct of the investigation.

The applicant challenged his detention on remand. He lodged appeals against the Wrocław Regional Court’s decisions of 15 February 2001, 4 September 2002 and 5 March 2003. His appeals were dismissed by decisions of the Wrocław Court of Appeal of 23 March 2001, 2 October 2002 and 26 March 2003, respectively.

He also lodged numerous requests for release from detention, which were dismissed by the Wrocław Regional Court’s decisions of 7 December 2001, 28 June and 8 August 2002.

Further, he also requested the application of a more lenient preventive measure in place of detention on remand. The request was dismissed by the Wrocław District Prosecutor’s decision of 18 October 2000.

By a decision of the Wrocław Regional Court of 29 April 2003 the applicant was released from detention.

On 21 September 2004 the Wrocław Regional Court found the applicant guilty as charged and sentenced him to seven years’ imprisonment. The applicant appealed.

On an unspecified date, presumably in 2008 the Wrocław Court of Appeal upheld the first-instance judgment.

The applicant did not lodge a complaint about a breach of the right to a trial within a reasonable time with the domestic court, under the Law of 17 June 2004 (Ustawa o skardze na naruszenie prawa strony do rozpoznania sprawy w postępowaniu sądowym bez nieuzasadnionej zwłoki) (“the 2004 Act”).

2. Restrictions on the applicant’s right of visit during his detention

During the detention, the applicant’s requests for visits from his wife were rejected on 23 February, 2 March and 30 April 2001. As stated in the decisions of the Wrocław Regional Court of 2 March and 30 April 2001 this was due to the fact that the wife was a witness in the applicant’s case.

3. Monitoring of the applicant’s correspondence

The applicant further submitted that during his pre-trial detention his correspondence with the Court had been censored. To that effect the applicant supplied an envelope of a letter from the Registry of 12 March 2003 bearing a stamp “censored” (ocenzurowano), a date “21 March 2003” and an illegible signature.

4. The conditions of the applicant’s detention

In his letters to the Court of 21 February and 23 June 2002 and 23 November 2005, the applicant complained about the conditions of his detention in Wrocław Remand Centre.

He alleged in particular that he was detained with six other persons in a room measuring 16m2; he could only take walks in a closed area measuring 20m2 for 25 persons; there was no warm water available and the ventilation and sanitation were insufficient.

The applicant complained to the detention centre’s authorities about those conditions, however to no avail. He also claimed that if he were to complain to higher authorities he would run a risk of harassment by the guards, given that his correspondence had been censored.

B. Relevant domestic law and practice

1. Preventive measures, including pre-trial detention

The relevant domestic law and practice concerning the imposition of pre‑trial detention (aresztowanie tymczasowe), the grounds for its extension, release from detention and rules governing other “preventive measures” (środki zapobiegawcze) are stated in the Court’s judgments in the cases of Gołek v. Poland, no. 31330/02, §§ 27‑33, 25 April 2006, and Celejewski v. Poland, no. 17584/04, §§ 22‑23, 4 August 2006.

2. General rules concerning conditions of detention

The relevant law and practice pertaining to conditions of detention and to civil law action for compensation against the State Treasury are laid out in the judgment in the case of Orchowski v. Poland, no. 17885/04, §§ 64-75.

3. Detainees’ correspondence and contact with family

The legal provisions concerning monitoring of detainees’ correspondence applicable at the material time and questions of practice are set out in paragraphs 65-66 of the judgment delivered by the Court on 4 May 2006 in Michta v. Poland, no. 13425/02. The relevant domestic law and practice concerning detainees’ right to receive visitors in remand centres are stated in the Court’s judgment in the case of Gradek v. Poland, no. 39631/06, §§ 21-25, 8 June 2010.

4. Remedies for the excessive length of judicial proceedings

The relevant domestic law and practice concerning remedies for excessive length of judicial proceedings, in particular the applicable provisions of the 2004 Act, are stated in the Court’s decisions in the cases of Charzyński v. Poland, no. 15212/03 (dec.), §§ 12-23, ECHR 2005-V; Ratajczyk v. Poland, no. 11215/02 (dec.), ECHR 2005-VIII; and the judgment in the case of Krasuski v. Poland, no. 61444/00, §§ 34-46, ECHR 2005-V.
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CODE
DIRECT
15476/02
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ORG
NO_MASK
Republic of Poland
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ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
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DEM
QUASI
Polish
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DIRECT
Mr Artur Bystrowski
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PERSON
NO_MASK
001-106202_a2_em5
the applicant
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DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 2001
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ORG
QUASI
Polish Government
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ORG
NO_MASK
001-106202_a2_em8
the Government
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Mr J. Wołąsiewicz
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NO_MASK
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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NO_MASK
The applicant
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20070831
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ORG
NO_MASK
the Government
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PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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PERSON
DIRECT
Mr Artur Bystrowski
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DEM
QUASI
Polish
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DATETIME
QUASI
1963
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LOC
QUASI
Strzelin
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PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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DATETIME
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8 September 2000
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QUASI
001-106202_a2_em23
Wrocław District Court
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001-106202_a2_e15
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ORG
QUASI
001-106202_a2_em23
Wrocław District Court (Sąd Rejonowy)
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001-106202_a2_em24
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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DATETIME
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29 November 2000
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DATETIME
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15 February
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QUASI
7 December 2001
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DATETIME
QUASI
23 August
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DATETIME
QUASI
2 October 2002
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ORG
NO_MASK
the court
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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DATETIME
QUASI
9 February 2001
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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DATETIME
QUASI
6 April 2001
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QUANTITY
QUASI
nine sessions
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DATETIME
QUASI
2001
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001-106202_a2_e26
001-106202_a2_em38
QUANTITY
QUASI
eighteen
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001-106202_a2_em39
DATETIME
QUASI
2002
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insert
001-106202_a2_e28
001-106202_a2_em40
QUANTITY
QUASI
sixteen
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001-106202_a2_em41
DATETIME
QUASI
2003
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insert
001-106202_a2_e30
001-106202_a2_em42
QUANTITY
QUASI
eleven
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001-106202_a2_em43
DATETIME
QUASI
2004
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check
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DATETIME
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2001
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001-106202_a2_em45
QUANTITY
QUASI
thirty-four witnesses
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check
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001-106202_a2_em46
DATETIME
QUASI
2002
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correct
001-106202_a2_e33
001-106202_a2_em47
QUANTITY
QUASI
forty-six
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001-106202_a2_e29
001-106202_a2_em48
DATETIME
QUASI
2003
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insert
001-106202_a2_e34
001-106202_a2_em49
QUANTITY
QUASI
five
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DATETIME
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2004
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QUANTITY
QUASI
four
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The court
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the applicant
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e37
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DATETIME
QUASI
2-year
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CODE
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263 § 3
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QUASI
001-106202_a2_em58
Wrocław Regional Court
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QUASI
001-106202_a2_em58
Wrocław Regional Court (Sąd Okręgowy)
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001-106202_a2_em60
Wrocław Court of Appeal
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001-106202_a2_e40
001-106202_a2_em60
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QUASI
001-106202_a2_em60
Wrocław Court of Appeal (Sąd Apelacyjny)
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001-106202_a2_e5
001-106202_a2_em61
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e41
001-106202_a2_em62
DATETIME
QUASI
20 November and 6 December 2002
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001-106202_a2_em63
DATETIME
QUASI
5 March 2003
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001-106202_a2_em64
ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
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PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Regional Court’s
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001-106202_a2_em67
DATETIME
QUASI
15 February 2001
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QUASI
4 September 2002
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DATETIME
QUASI
5 March 2003
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001-106202_a2_em70
ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Court of Appeal
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001-106202_a2_em71
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QUASI
23 March 2001
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2 October 2002
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26 March 2003
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Wrocław Regional Court’s
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7 December 2001
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28 June
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8 August 2002
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001-106202_a2_em78
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QUASI
Wrocław District Prosecutor’s
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001-106202_a2_em79
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QUASI
18 October 2000
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Wrocław Regional Court
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29 April 2003
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the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e53
001-106202_a2_em83
DATETIME
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21 September 2004
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001-106202_a2_e39
001-106202_a2_em84
ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Regional Court
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001-106202_a2_em85
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NO_MASK
the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e54
001-106202_a2_em86
DATETIME
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seven years
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001-106202_a2_e10
001-106202_a2_em87
PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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001-106202_a2_e55
001-106202_a2_em88
DATETIME
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2008
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001-106202_a2_e40
001-106202_a2_em89
ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Court of Appeal
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001-106202_a2_e10
001-106202_a2_em90
PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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001-106202_a2_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
17 June 2004
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001-106202_a2_e57
001-106202_a2_em92
MISC
QUASI
Ustawa o skardze na naruszenie prawa strony do rozpoznania sprawy w postępowaniu sądowym bez nieuzasadnionej zwłoki
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insert
001-106202_a2_e58
001-106202_a2_em93
MISC
QUASI
the 2004 Act
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check
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001-106202_a2_em94
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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check
001-106202_a2_e5
001-106202_a2_em95
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e59
001-106202_a2_em96
DATETIME
QUASI
23 February
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001-106202_a2_e60
001-106202_a2_em97
DATETIME
QUASI
2 March
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001-106202_a2_em98
DATETIME
QUASI
30 April 2001
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001-106202_a2_em99
ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Regional Court
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001-106202_a2_em100
DATETIME
QUASI
2 March
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001-106202_a2_em101
DATETIME
QUASI
30 April 2001
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001-106202_a2_em102
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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QUASI
12 March 2003
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001-106202_a2_em108
DATETIME
QUASI
21 March 2003
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001-106202_a2_em109
PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
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001-106202_a2_e64
001-106202_a2_em111
DATETIME
QUASI
21 February
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001-106202_a2_em112
DATETIME
QUASI
23 June 2002
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DATETIME
QUASI
23 November 2005
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PERSON
NO_MASK
the applicant
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001-106202_a2_e67
001-106202_a2_em115
ORG
QUASI
Wrocław Remand Centre
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insert
001-106202_a2_e68
001-106202_a2_em116
QUANTITY
QUASI
six other persons
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insert
001-106202_a2_e69
001-106202_a2_em117
QUANTITY
QUASI
16m2
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001-106202_a2_e70
001-106202_a2_em118
QUANTITY
QUASI
20m2
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001-106202_a2_em119
QUANTITY
QUASI
25 persons
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001-106202_a2_em120
PERSON
NO_MASK
The applicant
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ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
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001-106202_a2_e72
001-106202_a2_em122
MISC
QUASI
Gołek v. Poland
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001-106202_a2_e73
001-106202_a2_em123
CODE
QUASI
31330/02
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insert
001-106202_a2_e74
001-106202_a2_em124
DATETIME
QUASI
25 April 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e75
001-106202_a2_em125
MISC
QUASI
Celejewski v. Poland
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e76
001-106202_a2_em126
CODE
QUASI
17584/04
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e77
001-106202_a2_em127
DATETIME
QUASI
August 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e78
001-106202_a2_em128
ORG
NO_MASK
State Treasury
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insert
001-106202_a2_e79
001-106202_a2_em129
MISC
QUASI
Orchowski v. Poland, no. 17885/04, §§ 64-75
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e3
001-106202_a2_em130
ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e80
001-106202_a2_em131
DATETIME
QUASI
4 May 2006
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e81
001-106202_a2_em132
MISC
QUASI
Michta v. Poland, no. 13425/02
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e3
001-106202_a2_em133
ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e82
001-106202_a2_em134
MISC
QUASI
Gradek v. Poland, no. 39631/06, §§ 21-25, 8 June 2010
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e58
001-106202_a2_em135
MISC
QUASI
the 2004 Act
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-106202_a2_e3
001-106202_a2_em136
ORG
NO_MASK
the Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e83
001-106202_a2_em137
MISC
QUASI
Charzyński v. Poland, no. 15212/03 (dec.), §§ 12-23, ECHR 2005-V; Ratajczyk v. Poland, no. 11215/02 (dec.), ECHR 2005-VIII
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-106202_a2_e84
001-106202_a2_em138
MISC
QUASI
Krasuski v. Poland, no. 61444/00, §§ 34-46, ECHR 2005-V
Artur Bystrowski
POL
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Artur Bystrowski