PROCEDURE

The case was brought before the Court on 5 December 1986 by the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (“the Government“) and seven days later by the European Commission of Human Rights (“the Commission“), within the period of three months laid down by Article 32 § 1 and Article 47 (art. 32-1, art. 47) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention“). The case originated in an application (no. 10563/83) against the Kingdom of Sweden lodged with the Commission on 20 June 1983 by Mr. John Ekbatani, a citizen of the United States of America, under Article 25 (art. 25). The Commission’s request referred to Articles 44 and 48 (art. 44, art. 48) and to the declaration whereby the Kingdom of Sweden recognised the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court (Article 46) (art. 46). The purpose of the Government’s application and of the request was to obtain a decision as to whether or not the facts of the case disclosed a breach by the respondent State of its obligations under Article 6 (art. 6) of the Convention.

In response to the inquiry made in accordance with Rule 33 § 3 (d) of the Rules of Court, the applicant stated that he wished to participate in the proceedings pending before the Court and designated the lawyer who would represent him (Rule 30).

The Chamber of seven judges to be constituted included, as ex officio members, Mr. G. Lagergren, the elected judge of Swedish nationality (Article 43 of the Convention) (art. 43), and Mr. R. Ryssdal, the President of the Court (Rule 21 § 3 (b)). On 3 February 1987, the President of the Court drew by lot, in the presence of the Registrar, the names of the five other members, namely Mr. J. Cremona, Mr. F. Matscher, Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha, Mr. R. Bernhardt and Mr. J. Gersing (Article 43 in fine of the Convention and Rule 21 § 4) (art. 43). Subsequently, Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert and Mr. B. Walsh replaced Mr. Cremona and Mr. Gersing, who were prevented from taking part in the consideration of the case (Rules 22 § 1 and 24 § 1).

Mr. Ryssdal assumed the office of President of the Chamber (Rule 21 § 5). He ascertained, through the Registrar, the views of the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicant regarding the need for a written procedure (Rule 37 § 1). Thereafter, in accordance with the Orders and directions of the President of the Chamber, the following documents were lodged at the registry:

on 23 June 1987, the Government’s memorial;

on 21 October and 7 December 1987, various documents requested from the Government;

on 3 November 1987, the applicant’s claims under Article 50 (art. 50) of the Convention.

On 7 August 1987, after consulting, through the Registrar, the Agent of the Government, the Delegate of the Commission and the lawyer for the applicant, the President directed that the oral proceedings should open on 23 November 1987 (Rule 38).

On 6 November 1987, the Government submitted a document of its own motion. On 16 and 23 November respectively, the applicant and the Government lodged a number of documents in reply to provisional questions put to them by the President of the Court.

The hearing was held in public at the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on the appointed day. Immediately prior to its opening, the Court had held a preparatory meeting. There appeared before the Court:

for the Government Mr. H. Corell, Ambassador, Under-Secretary for Legal and Consular Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Agent, Ms. L. Moore, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Justice, Counsel;

for the Commission Mr. F. Ermacora, Delegate;

for the applicant Mr. C. Arnewid, advokat, Counsel. The Court heard addresses by Mr. Corell for the Government, by Mr. Ermacora for the Commission and by Mr. Arnewid for the applicant, as well as their replies to its questions.

Following deliberations held on 26 November 1987, the Chamber, by unanimous decision, relinquished jurisdiction in favour of the plenary Court (Rule 50 of the Rules of Court).

On the President’s instructions, the Registrar requested the Commission to produce a number of documents, and these were supplied on 7 December 1987. On 9 December, the Registrar received further observations on Article 50 (art. 50) from the applicant.

Having taken note of the agreement of the Agent of the Government and the concurring opinions of the Delegate of the Commission and of the applicant, the Court decided on 29 January 1988 that the consideration of the case should continue without resumption of the oral proceedings (Rule 26).

AS TO THE FACTS

I. PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The applicant, Mr. John Ekbatani, was born in 1930. He is a citizen of the United States of America and, at the time of the domestic proceedings in question, he resided at Gothenburg.

The applicant came to Sweden in 1978 to do certain research work at the University of Gothenburg. However, his initial plans did not come to fruition and his financial situation forced him to look for other work. In March 1981 he found a job at the Gothenburg Tramway Company (Göteborgs Spårvägar). He was, however, obliged to pass a Swedish driving test, since he only had an American driver’s licence. On 14 April 1981 he took the test but failed. This led to an angry exchange of views on 7 May 1981 between the applicant and the traffic assistant who had been in charge of the test; subsequently the traffic assistant reported the incident to the police.

In August 1981 the applicant was questioned by the police about the matter, and on 7 October 1981, he was charged with threatening a civil servant in breach of Chapter 17, section 1 of the Penal Code (brottsbalken).

During the trial hearing (huvudförhandling) before the City Court of Gothenburg (Göteborgs tingsrätt) on 9 February 1982, both the applicant and the traffic assistant were heard. On this testimony the City Court in a judgment on the same day found the applicant guilty of the charge brought against him and sentenced him to a fine of 600 Swedish Crowns (SEK). The costs of the proceedings were to be borne by the State. At the City Court the applicant was assisted by two public defence lawyers.

On 17 February 1982, the applicant appealed against this judgment to the Court of Appeal for Western Sweden (hovrätten för Västra Sverige) requesting acquittal as he claimed he had not committed the criminal act of which he was accused. Before the Court of Appeal, he was represented, first by a public defence lawyer and later by a private counsel. In his first written statement of evidence to the Court of Appeal on 18 June 1982, the applicant took it for granted that a hearing would be held and requested that the traffic assistant appear in person before the Court of Appeal. On 20 July 1982, the public prosecutor declared that he did not wish to adduce any new evidence. At the same time he applied for the case to be dealt with without a hearing in the Court of Appeal. In the event of a hearing he requested a rehearing of the testimony of both the applicant and the traffic assistant. In a new statement of evidence of 20 August 1982, the applicant’s counsel requested that a witness be heard. The witness was to inform the Court about “the applicant as a person and his credibility“. In his reply of 16 September 1982, the public prosecutor did not oppose the calling of this new witness if a hearing were to be held. However, he asked that, in that event, three other new witnesses should be heard to prove inter alia “Mr. Ekbatani’s lack of credibility and that the [traffic assistant’s] statement of the course of events on 7 May 1981 was correct“. The applicant’s defence counsel, on 27 September 1982, objected to the calling of these three new witnesses. On 4 October 1982, the Court of Appeal informed the parties by means of a written notice that, as the case might be determined without a hearing, they were invited to file their final submissions in writing. On 6 October 1982, the public prosecutor declared that he had no objection to the Court of Appeal’s giving judgment without a hearing. He added that, if there was a hearing, he would insist on the examination of the three new witnesses. On 19 October 1982, the applicant’s counsel stated his objection to the case being determined on the basis of the case-file, on the ground that a hearing was necessary for a thorough examination of the case. He also reiterated his objections to the calling of the witnesses called for by the prosecution. He added that, if the Court of Appeal should reach a decision on the basis of the case-file and acquit the applicant, he claimed reimbursement of his costs and expenses.

The Court of Appeal held no hearing and in its judgment of 12 November 1982 simply stated: “The Court of Appeal confirms the City Court’s judgment.“

On 7 December 1982, the applicant appealed to the Supreme Court (högsta domstolen). He asked the Supreme Court either to quash the Court of Appeal’s decision and send the case back for a hearing, or to acquit him, or to remit the sentence imposed. In support of his claims he stated: “The case concerns the credibility of Mr. Ekbatani and of the aggrieved party. In support of his credibility, Mr. Ekbatani has requested the hearing of a person who was not heard by the City Court. The prosecutor has not objected to the hearing of the new witness by the Court of Appeal. Since the case concerns new evidence of decisive importance for the outcome of the case, the second sub-paragraph of section 21 in Chapter 51 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken) ought not to be applied. The preparatory work also indicates that great consideration should be given to the wishes of the parties even in the case of a fine and in particular to those of the accused (Nytt Juridiskt Arkiv II 1943, pp. 670 et seq.). Also the prosecutor requested the hearing of new evidence before the Court of Appeal. For Mr. Ekbatani it is of great importance that he is not sentenced without having received an opportunity to have the evidence adduced by him tested. The Court of Appeal ought to make its own assessment of Mr. Ekbatani. In addition, the holding of a hearing would not lead to any major increase in the costs of the proceedings.“ On 3 May 1983, the Supreme Court held: “The Supreme Court finds no reason to grant leave to appeal, for which reason the Court of Appeal’s judgment shall stand.“

Under the rules on public access to official documents, contained in the Freedom of the Press Act (tryckfrihetsförordningen) and the Secrecy Act (sekretesslagen, 1980:100), the case-files from the courts involved were all available to the public.
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5 December 1986
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Kingdom of Sweden
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seven days later
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three months
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European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
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CODE
DIRECT
10563/83
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Kingdom of Sweden
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20 June 1983
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PERSON
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Mr. John Ekbatani
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United States of America
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Kingdom of Sweden
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Mr. G. Lagergren
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Swedish
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Mr. R. Ryssdal
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3 February 1987
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Mr. J. Cremona
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Mr. F. Matscher
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Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha
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Mr. R. Bernhardt
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Mr. J. Gersing
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Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert
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Mr. B. Walsh
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Mr. Cremona
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Mr. Gersing
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Mr. Ryssdal
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23 June 1987
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21 October
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7 December 1987
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3 November 1987
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7 August 1987
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23 November 1987
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6 November 1987
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16 and 23 November
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Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
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Mr. H. Corell
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Ministry for Foreign Affairs
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Ms. L. Moore
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Ministry of Justice
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Mr. F. Ermacora
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Mr. C. Arnewid
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Mr. Corell
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Mr. Arnewid
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26 November 1987
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7 December 1987
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9 December
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29 January 1988
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Mr. John Ekbatani
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1930
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United States of America
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Gothenburg
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Sweden
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1978
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University of Gothenburg
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March 1981
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Gothenburg Tramway Company
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Göteborgs Spårvägar
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American
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14 April 1981
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7 May 1981
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7 October 1981
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City Court
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Gothenburg
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Göteborgs tingsrätt
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9 February 1982
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City Court
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600
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City Court
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17 February 1982
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Court of Appeal for Western Sweden
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hovrätten för Västra Sverige
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18 June 1982
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20 July 1982
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16 September 1982
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Mr. Ekbatani
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7 May 1981
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6 October 1982
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19 October 1982
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12 November 1982
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Court of Appeal
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7 December 1982
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Supreme Court
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högsta domstolen
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Mr. Ekbatani
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Mr. Ekbatani
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1943
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Mr. Ekbatani
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Mr. Ekbatani
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3 May 1983
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1980:100
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5 December 1986
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insert
001-57477_a2_e2
001-57477_a2_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a2_em5
Government of the Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e3
001-57477_a2_em3
DATETIME
NO_MASK
seven days later
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e4
001-57477_a2_em4
CODE
QUASI
10563/83
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e2
001-57477_a2_em5
ORG
NO_MASK
Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e5
001-57477_a2_em6
DATETIME
QUASI
20 June 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em7
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. John Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a2_e7
001-57477_a2_em8
DEM
QUASI
United States of America
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e2
001-57477_a2_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a2_em5
Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e8
001-57477_a2_em10
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. G. Lagergren
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e9
001-57477_a2_em11
DEM
NO_MASK
Swedish
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e10
001-57477_a2_em12
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. R. Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e11
001-57477_a2_em13
DATETIME
QUASI
3 February 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e12
001-57477_a2_em14
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Cremona
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e13
001-57477_a2_em15
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. F. Matscher
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e14
001-57477_a2_em16
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e15
001-57477_a2_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. R. Bernhardt
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e16
001-57477_a2_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Gersing
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e17
001-57477_a2_em19
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e18
001-57477_a2_em20
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. B. Walsh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e19
001-57477_a2_em21
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Cremona
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e20
001-57477_a2_em22
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Gersing
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e10
001-57477_a2_em23
PERSON
QUASI
001-57477_a2_em12
Mr. Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e21
001-57477_a2_em24
DATETIME
QUASI
23 June 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e22
001-57477_a2_em25
DATETIME
QUASI
21 October
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e23
001-57477_a2_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e24
001-57477_a2_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
3 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e25
001-57477_a2_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
7 August 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e26
001-57477_a2_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
23 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e27
001-57477_a2_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
6 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e28
001-57477_a2_em31
DATETIME
QUASI
16 and 23 November
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e29
001-57477_a2_em32
LOC
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e30
001-57477_a2_em33
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. H. Corell
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e31
001-57477_a2_em34
PERSON
QUASI
Ms. L. Moore
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e32
001-57477_a2_em35
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. F. Ermacora
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e33
001-57477_a2_em36
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. C. Arnewid
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e34
001-57477_a2_em37
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Corell
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e35
001-57477_a2_em38
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Ermacora
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e36
001-57477_a2_em39
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Arnewid
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e37
001-57477_a2_em40
DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e23
001-57477_a2_em41
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e38
001-57477_a2_em42
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e39
001-57477_a2_em43
DATETIME
QUASI
29 January 1988
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em44
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. John Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e40
001-57477_a2_em45
DATETIME
QUASI
1930
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a2_e7
001-57477_a2_em46
DEM
QUASI
United States of America
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e41
001-57477_a2_em47
LOC
QUASI
Gothenburg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e42
001-57477_a2_em48
ORG
NO_MASK
Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e43
001-57477_a2_em49
DATETIME
QUASI
1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e44
001-57477_a2_em50
DEM
QUASI
research work
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e45
001-57477_a2_em51
ORG
QUASI
University of Gothenburg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e46
001-57477_a2_em52
DATETIME
QUASI
March 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a2_e47
001-57477_a2_em53
ORG
QUASI
Gothenburg Tramway Company
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e48
001-57477_a2_em54
ORG
QUASI
Gothenburg Tramway Company (Göteborgs Spårvägar)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a2_e49
001-57477_a2_em55
ORG
QUASI
Göteborgs Spårvägar
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e9
001-57477_a2_em56
DEM
NO_MASK
Swedish
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e50
001-57477_a2_em57
DEM
QUASI
American
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e51
001-57477_a2_em58
DATETIME
QUASI
14 April 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e52
001-57477_a2_em59
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e53
001-57477_a2_em60
DATETIME
QUASI
August 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e54
001-57477_a2_em61
DATETIME
QUASI
7 October 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e55
001-57477_a2_em62
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e56
001-57477_a2_em63
ORG
QUASI
City Court of Gothenburg (Göteborgs tingsrätt)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e41
001-57477_a2_em64
LOC
QUASI
Gothenburg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e57
001-57477_a2_em65
DATETIME
QUASI
9 February 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e55
001-57477_a2_em66
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e58
001-57477_a2_em67
QUANTITY
QUASI
600 Swedish Crowns (SEK)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e55
001-57477_a2_em68
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e59
001-57477_a2_em69
DATETIME
QUASI
17 February 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e60
001-57477_a2_em70
ORG
QUASI
Court of Appeal for Western Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em71
ORG
QUASI
Court of Appeal for Western Sweden (hovrätten för Västra Sverige)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e62
001-57477_a2_em72
ORG
QUASI
hovrätten för Västra Sverige
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em73
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a2_em71
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em74
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e63
001-57477_a2_em75
DATETIME
QUASI
18 June 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em76
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e64
001-57477_a2_em77
DATETIME
QUASI
20 July 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em78
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e65
001-57477_a2_em79
DATETIME
QUASI
20 August 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e66
001-57477_a2_em80
DATETIME
QUASI
16 September 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em81
PERSON
DIRECT
001-57477_a2_em7
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e52
001-57477_a2_em82
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e67
001-57477_a2_em83
DATETIME
QUASI
27 September 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e68
001-57477_a2_em84
DATETIME
QUASI
4 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em85
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e69
001-57477_a2_em86
DATETIME
QUASI
6 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em87
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e70
001-57477_a2_em88
DATETIME
QUASI
19 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em89
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em90
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e71
001-57477_a2_em91
DATETIME
QUASI
12 November 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em92
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e72
001-57477_a2_em93
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court’s
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e73
001-57477_a2_em94
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e74
001-57477_a2_em95
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e75
001-57477_a2_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court (högsta domstolen)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a2_e75
001-57477_a2_em97
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a2_em96
högsta domstolen
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e74
001-57477_a2_em98
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em99
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em100
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em101
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e55
001-57477_a2_em102
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em103
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a2_e76
001-57477_a2_em104
MISC
NO_MASK
Nytt Juridiskt Arkiv II 1943, pp. 670 et seq.
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em105
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em106
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em107
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e6
001-57477_a2_em108
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e77
001-57477_a2_em109
DATETIME
QUASI
3 May 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e74
001-57477_a2_em110
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e74
001-57477_a2_em111
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a2_e61
001-57477_a2_em112
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e1
001-57477_a8_em1
DATETIME
QUASI
5 December 1986
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a8_e2
001-57477_a8_em2
ORG
NO_MASK
Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e3
001-57477_a8_em3
DATETIME
NO_MASK
three months
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e4
001-57477_a8_em4
CODE
DIRECT
10563/83
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e2
001-57477_a8_em5
ORG
NO_MASK
Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e5
001-57477_a8_em6
DATETIME
QUASI
20 June 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em7
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. John Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e7
001-57477_a8_em8
LOC
QUASI
United States of America
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e2
001-57477_a8_em9
ORG
NO_MASK
Kingdom of Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e8
001-57477_a8_em10
PERSON
NO_MASK
Mr. G. Lagergren
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e9
001-57477_a8_em11
DEM
NO_MASK
Swedish
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e10
001-57477_a8_em12
PERSON
QUASI
001-57477_a8_em23
Mr. R. Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e11
001-57477_a8_em13
DATETIME
QUASI
3 February 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e12
001-57477_a8_em14
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Cremona
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e13
001-57477_a8_em15
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. F. Matscher
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e14
001-57477_a8_em16
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Pinheiro Farinha
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e15
001-57477_a8_em17
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. R. Bernhardt
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e16
001-57477_a8_em18
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. J. Gersing
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e17
001-57477_a8_em19
PERSON
QUASI
Mrs. D. Bindschedler-Robert
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e18
001-57477_a8_em20
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. B. Walsh
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e19
001-57477_a8_em21
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Cremona
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e20
001-57477_a8_em22
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Gersing
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e10
001-57477_a8_em23
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Ryssdal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e21
001-57477_a8_em24
ORG
NO_MASK
Agent of the Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e22
001-57477_a8_em25
ORG
NO_MASK
Delegate of the Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e23
001-57477_a8_em26
DATETIME
QUASI
23 June 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e24
001-57477_a8_em27
DATETIME
QUASI
21 October
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e25
001-57477_a8_em28
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e26
001-57477_a8_em29
DATETIME
QUASI
3 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e27
001-57477_a8_em30
DATETIME
QUASI
7 August 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e22
001-57477_a8_em31
ORG
NO_MASK
Delegate of the Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e28
001-57477_a8_em32
DATETIME
QUASI
23 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e29
001-57477_a8_em33
DATETIME
QUASI
6 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e30
001-57477_a8_em34
DATETIME
QUASI
16 and 23 November
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a8_e31
001-57477_a8_em35
ORG
NO_MASK
Human Rights Building, Strasbourg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e32
001-57477_a8_em36
PERSON
QUASI
001-57477_a8_em43
Mr. H. Corell
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e33
001-57477_a8_em37
ORG
NO_MASK
Legal and Consular Affairs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e34
001-57477_a8_em38
ORG
NO_MASK
Ministry for Foreign Affairs
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e35
001-57477_a8_em39
PERSON
QUASI
Ms. L. Moore
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e36
001-57477_a8_em40
ORG
NO_MASK
Ministry of Justice
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e37
001-57477_a8_em41
PERSON
QUASI
001-57477_a8_em44
Mr. F. Ermacora
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e38
001-57477_a8_em42
PERSON
QUASI
001-57477_a8_em45
Mr. C. Arnewid
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e32
001-57477_a8_em43
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Corell
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e37
001-57477_a8_em44
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Ermacora
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e38
001-57477_a8_em45
PERSON
QUASI
Mr. Arnewid
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e39
001-57477_a8_em46
DATETIME
QUASI
26 November 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e25
001-57477_a8_em47
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1987
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e40
001-57477_a8_em48
DATETIME
QUASI
9 December
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e21
001-57477_a8_em49
ORG
NO_MASK
Agent of the Government
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e22
001-57477_a8_em50
ORG
NO_MASK
Delegate of the Commission
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e41
001-57477_a8_em51
DATETIME
QUASI
29 January 1988
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em52
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. John Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e42
001-57477_a8_em53
DATETIME
QUASI
1930
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e7
001-57477_a8_em54
LOC
QUASI
United States of America
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e43
001-57477_a8_em55
LOC
QUASI
Gothenburg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a8_e44
001-57477_a8_em56
LOC
NO_MASK
Sweden
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e45
001-57477_a8_em57
DATETIME
QUASI
1978
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e46
001-57477_a8_em58
ORG
QUASI
University of Gothenburg
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e47
001-57477_a8_em59
DATETIME
QUASI
March 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e48
001-57477_a8_em60
ORG
QUASI
Gothenburg Tramway Company (Göteborgs Spårvägar
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e9
001-57477_a8_em61
DEM
NO_MASK
Swedish
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e49
001-57477_a8_em62
DEM
QUASI
American
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e50
001-57477_a8_em63
DATETIME
QUASI
14 April 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e51
001-57477_a8_em64
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e52
001-57477_a8_em65
DATETIME
QUASI
August 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e53
001-57477_a8_em66
DATETIME
QUASI
7 October 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e54
001-57477_a8_em67
ORG
QUASI
001-57477_a8_em69
City Court of Gothenburg (Göteborgs tingsrätt)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e55
001-57477_a8_em68
DATETIME
QUASI
9 February 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e54
001-57477_a8_em69
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e56
001-57477_a8_em70
QUANTITY
QUASI
600 Swedish Crowns (SEK)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e54
001-57477_a8_em71
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e57
001-57477_a8_em72
DATETIME
QUASI
17 February 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em73
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a8_em74
Court of Appeal for Western Sweden (hovrätten för Västra Sverige)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em74
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em75
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e59
001-57477_a8_em76
DATETIME
QUASI
18 June 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em77
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e60
001-57477_a8_em78
DATETIME
QUASI
20 July 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em79
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e61
001-57477_a8_em80
DATETIME
QUASI
20 August 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e62
001-57477_a8_em81
DATETIME
QUASI
16 September 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em82
PERSON
DIRECT
001-57477_a8_em7
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e51
001-57477_a8_em83
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1981
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e63
001-57477_a8_em84
DATETIME
QUASI
27 September 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e64
001-57477_a8_em85
DATETIME
QUASI
4 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em86
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e65
001-57477_a8_em87
DATETIME
QUASI
6 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em88
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e66
001-57477_a8_em89
DATETIME
QUASI
19 October 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em90
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em91
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e67
001-57477_a8_em92
DATETIME
QUASI
12 November 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em93
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e68
001-57477_a8_em94
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court’s
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e69
001-57477_a8_em95
DATETIME
QUASI
7 December 1982
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-57477_a8_e70
001-57477_a8_em96
ORG
NO_MASK
001-57477_a8_em97
Supreme Court (högsta domstolen)
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e70
001-57477_a8_em97
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em98
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em99
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em100
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e54
001-57477_a8_em101
ORG
NO_MASK
City Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em102
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em103
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em104
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em105
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e6
001-57477_a8_em106
PERSON
DIRECT
Mr. Ekbatani
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e71
001-57477_a8_em107
DATETIME
QUASI
3 May 1983
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e70
001-57477_a8_em108
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e70
001-57477_a8_em109
ORG
NO_MASK
Supreme Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-57477_a8_e58
001-57477_a8_em110
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Appeal
John Ekbatani
SWE
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: John Ekbatani