PROCEDURE

The case originated in an application (no. 2249/03) against the Republic of Turkey lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by Mr Mehmet Rauf Merter, Mr Ahmet Attila Merter, Mr Nesip Mustafa Merter and Mr Mehmet Berke Merter, who are Turkish nationals, as well as Mrs Karen Ingrit Merter, who is a German national (“the applicants”) on 16 November 2002.

The applicants were represented by Mr S. Akdağ, a lawyer practising in Istanbul. The Turkish Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent.

The applicants alleged that the national authorities had denied them a fair hearing within a reasonable time and had interfered with their right to the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions. They invoked Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.

On 20 September 2005 the Court declared the application partly inadmissible and decided to communicate to the Government the complaint concerning the length of the proceedings and alleged interference with the applicants' right to the peaceful enjoyment of their possessions. It also decided to examine the merits of the application at the same time as its admissibility (Article 29 § 3).

THE FACTS

THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

The first and second applicants were born in 1930 and 1953. The remaining applicants did not inform the Court of their dates of birth. They all live in Istanbul.

On 16 May 1951 the owner of the neighbouring plot of land (“the neighbour”) brought an action in the Istanbul Civil Court of First Instance against the applicants' ancestor, Ahmet Muhtar Merter, claiming that the actual area of his land exceeded the amount indicated in the land registry records. He further claimed that, since the actual boundaries were not clear between his and the neighbouring plot of land, the applicants' ancestor was interfering with his use of the property (men-i müdahale davası). He therefore requested the court to resolve this dispute by determining the correct boundaries between the plots of land and ordering the accurate registration thereof.

1. The Cadastral Commission's land survey of 10 October 1954

On 10 October 1954, as a result of the construction of a road passing through the land in question, the Cadastral Commission carried out a land survey in Bakırköy. The records concerning the plot in question were amended as a result of this exercise. Following this amendment, the plot in question was divided into nine different parts, namely, plots nos. 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119 and 168. Plot no. 113 was allocated as meadowland and registered in the name of the Treasury. It was decided that plots nos. 115, 116, 119 and 168 should be entered in the land register in the name of the applicants' ancestor and plots nos. 110, 114, 117 and 118 in the name of the neighbour. No dispute arose with regard to plot no. 168, therefore this allocation became final and the plot in question was registered in the name of the applicants' ancestor.

2. The Istanbul Civil Court of First Instance's decision of non-jurisdiction

By a decision of 10 November 1954, following the above registration process and the establishment of the Cadastral Courts, the Istanbul Civil Court of First Instance issued a decision of non-jurisdiction and transferred this lawsuit to the Bakırköy Cadastral Court. This decision was upheld by the Court of Cassation on 15 July 1955.

3. The death of the applicants' ancestor, Ahmet Muhtar Merter

By a decision of 5 February 1959, the Bakırköy Magistrate's Court designated Mehmet Rauf Merter and Hasan Tahsin as the heirs (“the heirs”) of Ahmet Muhtar Merter following his death.

4. The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 23 July 1960

On 23 July 1960 the Bakırköy Cadastral Court decided that plots nos. 115, 116 and 119 should be registered in the names of the heirs, plots nos. 113 and 118 in the name of the Treasury, and plots nos. 110, 114 and 117 in the name of the neighbour. On 13 March 1961 the Court of Cassation quashed this judgment and remitted the case to the Bakırköy Cadastral Court.

In 1967 the Treasury, the Municipality of Istanbul and the heirs of four other persons intervened in the proceedings. Relying on the Ottoman land registry records (temessük kayıtları), they claimed ownership rights over the plots in question.

On 17 July 1970 the second applicant, Ahmet Attila Merter, also intervened in the proceedings before the Bakırköy Cadastral Court as a testamentary heir.

4. The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 9 May 1988

On 9 May 1988 the Bakırköy Cadastral Court decided that plots nos. 115 and 119 should be registered in the names of the applicants (as heirs of Ahmet Muhtar Merter) and plots nos. 113 and 118 in the names of the Municipality of Istanbul and the Treasury respectively. The court also held that plots nos. 110, 114, 116 and 117 should be registered in the names of the heirs of the neighbour. The court further allowed the request to intervene by the heirs of Ahmet Kethüda who stated that their ancestor had partially maintained the last-mentioned plots in his possession before the proceedings had begun. The total number of parties to the proceedings increased to forty-eight.

5. The Court of Cassation's judgment of 6 March 1990

On 6 March 1990 the Court of Cassation quashed the judgment of 9 May 1988 for non-compliance with the procedure for the announcement of the judgment. It further considered that the examination conducted by the first-instance court was insufficient and that the court should have considered the de facto possession of these plots of land.

6. The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 23 December 1992

On 23 December 1992, having conducted a land survey and with reference to an expert report, the Bakırköy Cadastral Court set aside its decision concerning the registration of plots nos. 115 and 119 in the names of the applicants. Following its examination of the Ottoman land registry records (temessük kayıtları), the court ruled that the aforementioned plots should be registered in the names of the heirs of Hacıahmet, son of Mehmet, and that plots nos. 113 and 118 should be registered in the names of the Municipality of Istanbul and the Treasury respectively. The court also held that plots nos. 110, 114 and 117 should be registered in the names of the heirs of the neighbour.

It is to be noted that this judgment was not served on the first applicant, Mehmet Rauf Merter, but on his legal representative, who had died in 1989 (see paragraphs 23-26 below).

7. The Court of Cassation's judgment of 8 February 1994

In a decision dated 8 February 1994 the Court of Cassation upheld the above judgment in part and quashed the remainder. It reasoned that the examination conducted by the Court of First Instance had been insufficient because it had given judgment despite contradictory expert reports and witness statements. It further reasoned that the court had also failed to verify whether some of the documentary evidence was genuine. The Court of Cassation held in particular that the Court of First Instance had erred in its finding concerning the registration of plots nos. 115 and 119. However, it upheld the judgment of 23 December 1992 with regard to plots nos. 110, 113, 114, 116, 117 and 118. It further dismissed a rectification request by the parties on 26 January 1995. Thus, while the judgment became final in respect of the aforementioned plots, the dispute continued as regards plots nos. 115 and 119.

8. The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 7 May 1996

On 7 May 1996 the Bakırköy Cadastral Court, relying on the Ottoman land registry records, decided that 50% of plots nos. 115 and 119 should be registered in the names of the heirs of Mehmet Hidayet and the remaining 50% in the name of Mehmet Oral, who had purchased part of the plots from Mehmet Hidayet. The court further noted that the heirs of Ahmet Muhtar Merter (the applicants' ancestor) had failed to prove their possession of the plots for twenty years.

It is to be noted that the first applicant, Mehmet Rauf Merter, was not a party to the above proceedings, although the remaining four applicants, as heirs of Ahmet Muhtar Merter, were noted as litigants in the court's above-mentioned judgment.

On 4 February 1997 the Court of Cassation dismissed an appeal lodged by the heirs of the neighbour, the Municipality of Istanbul and the Treasury against the above decision. It also rejected a rectification request by the appellants on 30 September 1997. The judgment of 7 May 1996 thus became final.

9. The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 27 May 1998

On 30 December 1997 the applicants brought an action in the Bakırköy Cadastral Court asking for the proceedings to be reopened (iade-i muhakeme) on the basis of newly discovered documentary evidence. They claimed that plots nos. 115 and 119 should be registered in their names.

On 27 May 1998 the Bakırköy Cadastral Court rejected the applicants' request to reopen the proceedings. The Court of Cassation upheld this judgment on 8 May 2000.

The Bakırköy Cadastral Court's decision of 2 February 1999

On 1 February 1999 the first applicant applied to the Bakırköy Cadastral Court claiming that the judgment of 23 December 1992 had been served on his legal representative who had died in 1989 and that he had not been able to learn of it in time to appeal within the statutory time-limit. He therefore asked the court to serve the said judgment on him and to grant him leave to appeal.

On 2 February 1999 the court dismissed the first applicant's requests on the grounds that the judgment in question had been communicated to the parties and had already been enforced. The first applicant appealed.

The Court of Cassation's judgment of 13 June 2000

On 13 June 2000 the Court of Cassation quashed the Bakırköy Cadastral Court's judgment of 2 February 1999 on the ground that the case file did not contain any information or document indicating that the judgment in question had been duly served on the first applicant. It therefore granted the first applicant leave to appeal but, after re-examining the case, dismissed his appeal.

On 31 May 2002 the Court of Cassation dismissed the first applicant's request for rectification of its decision of 13 June 2000.

Recent developments

According to the information given by the Government, on 30 September 2002 the applicants brought a new action in the Bakırköy Cadastral Court asking for the proceedings to be reopened. The applicants' action was communicated to the parties (forty-eight persons) and the proceedings are still pending.

Meanwhile, on an unspecified date, the applicants filed another action with the Bakırköy Court of First Instance claiming compensation from the Bakırköy Land Registry Office (tapu sicil müdürlüğü). The applicants alleged that they had sustained damage on account of the negligence and mistakes made by the defendant in keeping the land registry records. These proceedings were suspended pending the outcome of the proceedings before the Bakırköy Cadastral Court.

It is to be noted that the applicants did not provide any information or raise any complaints about the proceedings pending before the Bakırköy Cadastral Court and the Bakırköy Court of First Instance.
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2249/03
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Republic of Turkey
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Mr Mehmet Rauf Merter
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Mr Ahmet Attila Merter
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Mr Nesip Mustafa Merter
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Mr Mehmet Berke Merter
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Turkish
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Mrs Karen Ingrit Merter
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German
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16 November 2002
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Mr S. Akdağ
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Istanbul
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Turkish Government
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20 September 2005
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1930
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1953
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Istanbul
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Ahmet Muhtar Merter
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Cadastral Commission
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10 October 1954
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10 October 1954
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nine different parts,
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15 July 1955
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Ahmet Muhtar Merter
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Bakırköy Magistrate's Court
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Mehmet Rauf Merter
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QUASI
Hasan Tahsin
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001-97860_a3_e19
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QUASI
Ahmet Muhtar Merter
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
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23 July 1960
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23 July 1960
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118
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117
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13 March 1961
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Court of Cassation
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court
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1967
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Treasury
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Municipality of Istanbul
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Ottoman land registry records (temessük kayıtları)
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17 July 1970
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Ahmet Attila Merter
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
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9 May 1988
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9 May 1988
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court
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115
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119
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Ahmet Muhtar Merter
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113
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118
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117
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Ahmet Kethüda
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Court of Cassation's
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6 March 1990
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6 March 1990
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9 May 1988
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Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
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23 December 1992
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23 December 1992
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115
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119
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Hacıahmet
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Mehmet
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113
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118
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Municipality of Istanbul
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NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e24
001-97860_a3_em117
CODE
QUASI
110
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e26
001-97860_a3_em118
CODE
QUASI
114
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e29
001-97860_a3_em119
CODE
QUASI
117
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
correct
001-97860_a3_e41
001-97860_a3_em120
PERSON
DIRECT
Mehmet Rauf Merter
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e58
001-97860_a3_em121
DATETIME
QUASI
1989
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e53
001-97860_a3_em122
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e59
001-97860_a3_em123
DATETIME
QUASI
8 February 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e59
001-97860_a3_em124
DATETIME
QUASI
8 February 1994
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em125
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e60
001-97860_a3_em126
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of First Instance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em127
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e60
001-97860_a3_em128
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of First Instance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e27
001-97860_a3_em129
CODE
QUASI
115
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e31
001-97860_a3_em130
CODE
QUASI
119
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e55
001-97860_a3_em131
DATETIME
QUASI
23 December 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e24
001-97860_a3_em132
CODE
QUASI
110
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e25
001-97860_a3_em133
CODE
QUASI
113
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e26
001-97860_a3_em134
CODE
QUASI
114
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e61
001-97860_a3_em135
CODE
QUASI
116,
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e29
001-97860_a3_em136
CODE
QUASI
117
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e30
001-97860_a3_em137
CODE
QUASI
118
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e62
001-97860_a3_em138
DATETIME
QUASI
26 January 1995
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e27
001-97860_a3_em139
CODE
QUASI
115
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e31
001-97860_a3_em140
CODE
QUASI
119
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e43
001-97860_a3_em141
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e63
001-97860_a3_em142
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e63
001-97860_a3_em143
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em144
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e64
001-97860_a3_em145
QUANTITY
NO_MASK
50%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e27
001-97860_a3_em146
CODE
QUASI
115
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e31
001-97860_a3_em147
CODE
QUASI
119
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e65
001-97860_a3_em148
PERSON
QUASI
Mehmet Hidayet
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e64
001-97860_a3_em149
QUANTITY
QUASI
50%
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e66
001-97860_a3_em150
PERSON
QUASI
Mehmet Oral
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e65
001-97860_a3_em151
PERSON
QUASI
Mehmet Hidayet
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e19
001-97860_a3_em152
PERSON
QUASI
Ahmet Muhtar Merter
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e67
001-97860_a3_em153
DATETIME
QUASI
twenty years
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e41
001-97860_a3_em154
PERSON
DIRECT
Mehmet Rauf Merter
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e19
001-97860_a3_em155
PERSON
QUASI
Ahmet Muhtar Merter
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e68
001-97860_a3_em156
DATETIME
QUASI
4 February 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em157
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e47
001-97860_a3_em158
LOC
QUASI
Municipality of Istanbul
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e33
001-97860_a3_em159
ORG
NO_MASK
Treasury
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e69
001-97860_a3_em160
DATETIME
QUASI
30 September 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e63
001-97860_a3_em161
DATETIME
QUASI
7 May 1996
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e43
001-97860_a3_em162
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e70
001-97860_a3_em163
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e71
001-97860_a3_em164
DATETIME
QUASI
30 December 1997
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em165
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e27
001-97860_a3_em166
CODE
QUASI
115
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e31
001-97860_a3_em167
CODE
QUASI
119
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e70
001-97860_a3_em168
DATETIME
QUASI
27 May 1998
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em169
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em170
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e72
001-97860_a3_em171
DATETIME
QUASI
8 May 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e43
001-97860_a3_em172
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e73
001-97860_a3_em173
DATETIME
QUASI
2 February 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e74
001-97860_a3_em174
DATETIME
QUASI
1 February 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em175
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e55
001-97860_a3_em176
DATETIME
QUASI
23 December 1992
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e58
001-97860_a3_em177
DATETIME
QUASI
1989
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e73
001-97860_a3_em178
DATETIME
QUASI
2 February 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e53
001-97860_a3_em179
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e75
001-97860_a3_em180
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e75
001-97860_a3_em181
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em182
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e43
001-97860_a3_em183
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court's
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e73
001-97860_a3_em184
DATETIME
QUASI
2 February 1999
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e76
001-97860_a3_em185
DATETIME
QUASI
31 May 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e37
001-97860_a3_em186
ORG
NO_MASK
Court of Cassation
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e75
001-97860_a3_em187
DATETIME
QUASI
13 June 2000
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e77
001-97860_a3_em188
DATETIME
QUASI
30 September 2002
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em189
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e78
001-97860_a3_em190
QUANTITY
QUASI
forty-eight persons
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e79
001-97860_a3_em191
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Court of First Instance
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
insert
001-97860_a3_e80
001-97860_a3_em192
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Land Registry Office
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em193
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e36
001-97860_a3_em194
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Cadastral Court
NOT_CONFIDENTIAL
check
001-97860_a3_e79
001-97860_a3_em195
ORG
QUASI
Bakırköy Court of First Instance
Mehmet Rauf Merter
TUR
CHAMBER
Task: Annotate the document to anonymise the following person: Mehmet Rauf Merter