ideally , there are two routes companies can take when moving into advanced market countries -lrb- i.e. , north america and europe -rrb- : they can either set up their own production bases there through foreign direct investments -lrb- local production -rrb- or they can base their production on tie-ups with -lsb- local -rsb- enterprises -lrb- establish mutually complementary production relationships , oem -lsb- original equipment manufacturer -rsb- tie-ups , technical tie-ups , or joint development -rrb- .