* ''Premna'' shrubland, occurring generally between marshy areas and forested areas: The most conspicuous vegetation is primarily ''P. obtusifolia'', with ''Casuarina equisetifolia'' and ''Scaevola taccada'' on the margins. The dense groundcover consists of species such as ''Fimbristylis cymosa'', ''Ipomoea pes-caprae'' (beach morning glory) and ''Triumfetta procumbens''. ''Premna'' shrubland appears mostly adjacent to the developed areas of the atoll, particularly in the well fields.