Clean drinking water is scarce by global standards, with significant differences between urban and rural areas. In the UN Human Development Index, Niger is at the bottom. Drought and desertification affect many countries. Of course, clean water is important for a safe society and economy. 92% of the population lives in rural areas in the Tillabéri region along the western frontier, and there is a chronic scarcity of clean water, particularly during the hot season, when temperatures regularly exceed 40 degrees Celsius.