Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world, and the second-oldest European capital city (after only Athens), predating other modern European capitals by centuries. Julius Caesar made it a municipium called ''Felicitas Julia'', adding to the name ''Olissipo''. After the fall of the Roman Empire it was ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century; later it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century. In 1147 Afonso Henriques conquered the city and since then it has been the political, economic and cultural center of Portugal.