In 1408, the Chinese Ming dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to '''Dongguan''' (, ''Eastern Gateway''), or '''''Đông Quan''''' in Sino-Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi, who later founded the Lê dynasty and renamed Đông Quan '''Đông Kinh''' (東京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. During 17th century, the population of Đông Kinh was estimated by Western diplomats as about 100,000. Right after the end of the Tây Sơn dynasty, it was named '''Bắc Thành''' (北城, "Northern Citadel").