The Napoleonic War left Spain economically ruined, deeply divided and politically unstable. In the 1830s and 1840s, Carlism (a reactionary legitimist movement supportive of the branch issued from Carlos María Isidro of Bourbon, younger brother of Ferdinand VII), fought against the ''cristinos'' or ''isabelinos'' (supportive of Queen Isabella II, daughter of Ferdinand VII) in the Carlist Wars. ''Isabelline'' forces prevailed, but the conflict between ''progressives'' and ''moderates'' ended in a weak early constitutional period. After the Glorious Revolution of 1868 and the short-lived First Spanish Republic, the latter yielded to a stable monarchic period, the Restoration, a rigid bipartisan regime fuelled up by the ''turnismo'' (the prearranged rotation of government control between liberals and conservatives) and the form of political representation at the countryside (based on clientelism) known as .