The linguistic profile of Kathmandu underwent drastic changes during the Shah dynasty's rule because of its strong bias towards the Hindu culture. Sanskrit language therefore was preferred and people were encouraged to learn it even by attending Sanskrit learning centres in Terai. Sanskrit schools were specially set up in Kathmandu and in the Terai region to inculcate traditional Hindu culture and practices originated from Nepal. As of the 2011 census, 61.26% of the city spoke Nepali, 19.00% Newar, 5.55% Tamang, 2.82% Maithili, 1.81% Hindi, 1.60% Bhojpuri, 1.23% Gurung, 1.16% Magar and 1.04% Sherpa as their first language. English is also understood by many.