Internal Combustion Engines 101
First diesel engine - 1893
Modern turbo charger system
Actual photo of a XanaFlow unit in an engine in-take pipe
A U.S. gallon of petroleum sourced diesel fuel contains roughly 139,000 BTU’s of energy. The concept of increasing a vehicle’s mpg efficiency by more than 20% at this point – considering the 130 year progression of engine technology development – seems very unlikely. To quote the Chief Chemical Engineer of one of the big 3 petroleum companies, “You just can’t extract that much more energy out of a gallon of diesel”.
However, a vehicle is not propelled forward exclusively from the fuel in the tank. Rather, the energy is sourced from the mixing of the fuel with atmospheric gases – then combustion. Just 10 years ago, it was rare to find a Class 1 Vehicle (car, SUV or light truck) with a diesel engine configured with a turbo charger. Turbo charger technology was born in the 1930’s and WWII motivated the development of advanced 2 stage systems. Today it is rare to find a diesel engined Class 1 Vehicle without a turbo charger. This change was motivated by the rising cost of fuel. Turbo chargers – now installed in hundreds of millions of vehicles – do not effect the fuel – only the air flow, yet they increase the mpg rating of vehicles a typical 25%-35%. So that same U.S. gallon of petroleum sourced diesel fuel still only contains roughly 139,000 BTU’s of energy, yet the same vehicle with a turbo charger will travel 25%-35% farther on that 1 gallon.
Then came the XanaFlow…
At the instant of the combustion event when oxygen molecules are “burned” with the fuel, the energy being created must first over-come the strong oxygen molecular bonds. This is considered a negative (parasitic) energy drain against the total gain of the explosion. The XanaFlow device pre-processes the stable oxygen molecular bonds into an unstable, highly reactive state to reduce this parasitic energy consumption to provide a greater net gain. This net energy gain is the source of the increased mpg and horsepower. Since a greater percentage of the fuel is being burned, there are fewer and smaller particulates in the exhaust. Also, due to the chemical reactions of the XanaFlow gas processing (gas compounds and chemical equations shown below), engine emissions are radically reduced.
Another characteristic of these modified oxygen molecules is an increased capacity to break down carbon to carbon bonding of the fuel molecules during the combustion event that will, over time, reduce the carbon deposits on engine parts. So in addition to the real-time increase in mpg and lower emissions, the XanaFlow offers a continuous injector and engine surface cleaning solution. This is actually superior to liquid engine cleaners because the liquid cleaner is typically not used with every tank of fuel so carbon deposits have the opportunity to accumulate. Then when the liquid engine cleaner is ultimately used, larger particles of carbon are dislodged by these powerful and toxic chemicals and will often clog injectors and DPF units. The XanaFlow is more consistently effective for keeping the engine clean, is better for the environment and considering the mpg benefits, is a fraction of the cost of chemical engine cleaners.
Within a few thousand miles after the XanaFlow has been installed, drivers and Fleet Managers report modifying the vehicle’s oil change schedule. Very simply, the more complete burn in the combustion chamber reduces the amount of carbon that finds its way into the engine oil so it stays cleaner longer. Also, if there are less unburned hydro carbons in the exhaust (50% reduction in opacity is typical), then there are less particulates to fill or clog the particulate filters. Many Fleet Managers report that this one benefit of the XanaFlow is worth the price of our product in maintenance, avoiding down-time and better emission test results that qualify their trucks to secure haul contracts into states and regions for which they otherwise would not qualify.
The Laws of Thermodynamics
“Your product benefit claims conflict with the Laws of Thermodynamics”, is a common statement we hear from engineers when we first present the XanaFlow product. Our Staff are amazed at the number of well-respected, highly credentialed engineers – both M.E. and E.E. – who are simply not aware of the basic design and performance specs of the alternator in the vehicles they drive everyday. While a very short list of vehicles starting in 2013 include an alternator power output level on demand, dubbed, “Intelligent Charging” or “Smart Charge” by the industry, 99.99% of current vehicles, ships, generators, etc., do not. Their alternators have a fixed output range based on RPM of the engine. For those 2 billion vehicles, our XanaFlow product is a good match.
Virtual Elimination of NOx Gases
Emerging Technology Corporation (ETC), is most interested in the XanaFlow device as it breaks down NOx gases from diesel engines. ETC is committed to extreme large-scale production of biodiesel from 2nd generation feedstock which when burned in a diesel engine, presents a higher NOx level than petroleum diesel. Historically, the U.S. EPA and peer environmental government agencies around the world have been resistant to the biodiesel migration due to the higher NOx emissions. The XanaFlow solves this problem as it radically reduces NOx emissions in general, but also oxidizes nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. Emissions testing of XanaFlow equipped vehicles is typically showing a 50% reduction in emissions overall with the elimination of 80%-90% of the NOx.
NO + O3 → NO2 + O
This reaction is accompanied by chemiluminescence. The NO2 can be further oxidized:
NO2 + O3 → NO3 + O2
The NO3 formed can react with NO2 to form N2O5
While emissions have been legislatively reduced over the past decades, the XanaFlow radically reduces particulates, nearly flat-lines a list of other emissions gases and even presents as a candidate to replace various current emissions technologies.