If you don't have the time to spend researching stocks and keeping up with your investments, mutual funds and ETFs can sound enticing. Drop your money into Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (NYS: VOO) , and it's instantly diversified across 500 of the largest U.S. companies for a small expense ratio, in this case 0.06%.
To make investing even easier, a company called Betterment offers an automatically allocated portfolio with zero transaction fees, albeit with a modest boost in expenses compared to investing directly in Vanguard ETFs. The interface offers an extremely simple way to begin investing with no trades to enter, just a dial to set your allocation between stocks and bonds. However, is Betterment worth the extra expense? Currently, Betterment's stock basket is made up of the following:
Vanguard Total Stock Market (NYS: VTI)
iShares S&P 500 Value Index (NYS: IVE)
Vanguard Europe Pacific (NYS: VEA)
Vanguard Emerging Markets (NYS: VWO)
iShares Russell Midcap Value Index
iShares Russell 2000 Value Index
Betterment's bond basket is split evenly between iShares Barclays TIPS Bond Fund and iShares Barclays 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Fund. Replicating any Betterment allocation through your own brokerage account could carry heavy commission fees, especially if you rebalance quarterly, as Betterment does. However, Vanguard offers similar portfolios through their Target Retirement funds -- the difference being you can't set the allocation between stocks and bonds.
Let's take a look at who wins and who loses by using Betterment, with a few hypothetical investors.
The new long-term investor
Jared Greenhorn just landed his first job out of college, luckily enough debt-free, and sees that his savings account is growing substantially with his paychecks. Jared, a civil engineer, never understood nor paid attention to the stock market. Now with his first job, he's thinking about putting some of his growing savings, now at $5,000, into something that gets him better returns than his savings account. He's comfortable not touching money that he puts into the market, and will add at least $100 per month, qualifying him for Betterment's "Builder" plan. Should he pay extra for Betterment?
Over one year with Betterment, Jared would pay a 0.35% expense ratio plus the expense ratios of the underlying funds. Since he's young, he's set his dial to 90% stocks and 10% bonds, and with that allocation the total expense ratio works out to be 0.51%. This allocation compares to the Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund, which automatically rebalances into more bonds and less risk closer to retirement age. This Vanguard fund's expense ratio, however, is 0.19%. At a $5,000 balance, Jared pays over $25 for Betterment, or just $10 with Vanguard -- assuming he uses Vanguard's online service.
The new short-term investor
Sally Greenhorn, Jared's twin, is in the same exact situation as Jared, except she is currently investing a few thousand dollars into a friend's business and needs access to her money. Vanguard requires a $1,000 account balance, whereas Betterment allows any balance, albeit with a $3 monthly fee for any month in which she cannot deposit $100 into her Betterment account. That could add up if she's not careful.
The long-term seasoned investor
Jared and Sally's father, Bill Greenhorn, expects to retire in five years, and feels comfortable investing $200,000 of his savings, with about 55% in stocks and 45% in bonds. With Betterment, Bill pays an expense ratio of 0.15% along with the underlying fund fees, which totals 0.32%. The Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund, which has a similar allocation between stocks and bonds, has an expense ratio of 0.17%. For a $200,000 balance, Betterment fees add up to over $600, whereas Vanguard's would add up to $340.
For balances over $100,000, Betterment, being a small start-up, does offer a custom portfolio with its CEO willing to develop a specialized financial plan. With Vanguard, chances are a $100,000 balance won't get you time with the CEO.
Should you use Betterment?
Decide for yourself if the cost difference makes Betterment worth it for you. Betterment does provide immediate diversification with a broad control over allocation between its basket of stocks and bonds, with a clean interface, a $0 minimum balance, and likely more personal attention due to its small size. However, if you don't mind relinquishing that control of allocation, will definitely keep at least $1,000 invested, and are willing to do some extra work to save on fees, check out Vanguard's Target Retirement funds.
If you intend to recreate Betterment's portfolio yourself, however, by purchasing each ETF separately, watch out for commission fees. Betterment would likely end up as the cheaper option, although some brokers, including Vanguard, offer commission-free purchases and sales on select groups of ETFs.
While investments like Betterment and Vanguard's Target Retirement funds offer a chance to participate in the overall market returns, they do not give you a chance to outperform the market -- something that The Motley Fool's Stock Advisor newsletter has done by over 70 percentage points since 2002. For a look at three stocks recommended by StockAdvisor, check out our free report: "3 Stocks That Will Help You Retire Rich."
At the time thisarticle was published Fool contributor Dan Newman holds no shares of the companies mentioned above. Follow him @TMFHelloNewman.The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days.
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