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Why do we need real-time?
- New email
- Twitter/Facebook updates
- Stock Ticker/Live Auctions
- Game Scores
- Real-time Notifications
- Turn-by-Turn or Shooter Games
- Progress Bars
- And obviously, Chat
No dearth of examples where real-time communication in needed ..
- Building real-time applications is difficult
- Transcends boundaries of choice in development platforms
- Part of the problem is HTTP – Request/Response protocol
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol | Obviously works, but has
- Statelessness of web applications
Need open transport channel between server and clients for
bidirectional or full-duplex communication.
Image courtesy @maartenballiauw
• Not real-time
• Potential big bandwidth misuse!
Existing Technologies .. Contd.
Long Polling – server does not respond unless X happens, client polls
after data receive or time-out
Image courtesy @maartenballiauw
• Needs orchestration
• Custom code on either end
Existing Technologies .. Others
- Use plugins like Silverlight/Flash – to communicate through sockets
- Forever Frame (execute script blocks from server in iFrame)
- Server sent Events (Push or Stream from server)
- Native HTML 5 Web Sockets (Magic Unicorn world) – true
transport channel; but support can be flaky
• Lots of options in existing technologies to build real-time applications
• Not perfect; choose what you need
• Wouldn’t it be nice if someone took care of the network transport layer?
• Would you not want to focus on just your application?
An async, persistent connection/signalling library for .NET over HTTP ... aids in
building real time, multi-user connected applications.
Persistent client-server connection over best transport .. Abstracts away the
From ASP.NET team-members (Damian Edwards & David Fowler) ..
Not officially MSFT product, but OSS Boom!
SignalR is broken up into a few packages on NuGet:
SignalR - Package for SignalR.Server and SignalR.Js
SignalR.Server - Server components needed for SignalR endpoints
SignalR.Client - .NET client for SignalR
SignalR.WP7, SignalR.WinRT, SignalR.Silverlight – For the cool folks
SignalR.WebSockets - WebSocket Transport for SignalR
What is SignalR?
- SignalR is an asynchronous persistent connection/signaling library for
- SignalR makes it easy to build real-time multi-user connected applications
- SignalR abstracts away the network layer for bidirectional real-time
communications, thus helping you focus on building your application
- SignalR includes broad platform support & features a rich API set for aiding
SignalR is quite
History & Examples
- Both members of Microsoft’s One ASP.NET team
- SignalR had humble beginnings as a side project
- Started as Open Source Software (OSS)
- Matured enough over past couple of years
- Now officially part of Microsoft ASP.NET stack (Yay)!
- Still continues to be open-source @
- SignalR powered IRC Chat application: https://jabbr.net/
- SignalR powered real-time game:
How it works
- SignalR allows bidirectional communication between client & server
over persistent connections
- SignalR provides simple APIs for Remote Procedure Calls (RPC)
between client & server
- Transport mechanisms are chosen to best fit given client & server
- SignalR manages the network layer for your application, unless you
Abstraction of Network Transport!
How it works .. Contd.
The first time you see SignalR in action ..
“Your brain should have exploded & leaked out of your ears ..” – Scott Hanselman
- SignalR abstracts bidirectional communication between client & server over
- The choice of network transport relies on available client & server
environments. Applications may also specify transport layer.
- Order of network transports selected by SignalR:
- Web Sockets
Best transport, but with most stringent
- Server Sent Events requirements!
- Forever Frame
- Long Polling
- Ajax Polling
- Best part – SignalR has automatic fallbacks built-in!
SignalR API Stack
- SignalR offers consistent interface on top of network technologies
- Developer gets to choose the level of abstraction of network layer
- SignalR API stack offers two modes for controlling the real-time communication
between client & server:
- High level abstraction
- Built on top of Persistent Connections
- Least developer work
- Works for majority of uses
- Will be familiar to developers who have used remote invocation APIs such as .NET Remoting
- Persistent Connections
- Low level access to communication
- Direct developer access to network pipeline
- Access to lot more communication events
- Will be familiar to developers who have used connection-based APIs such as WCF
More SignalR APIs
- Specifying network technology if client/server capabilities are known in
advance; saves the hand-shaking time for SignalR connectivity
- Monitor network transport/traffic by turning on logging on the server
- List of clients connected to SignalR server is maintained in-memory on server;
developers may choose to persist based on application needs
- Connection Management
- Connect/Disconnect events
- Grouping Connections
Needed for chatrooms
- Messages from SignalR server can be broadcast to
- All clients
- Specific clients
- Grouped clients
Offers fine-grained control over client
reach from SignalR server!
- SignalR applications can scale out to thousands of clients using Service Bus,
SQL Server or Redis
SignalR Platform Support – Server
- Server OS
- Windows Server 2012
- Windows Server 2008 r2
- Windows 8
- Windows 7
- Windows Azure [Does not support Web Sockets yet]
- Server .NET Frameworks
- .NET 4.5
- .NET 4 [Does not support Web Sockets]
- Server IIS Requirements
- IIS 8 or IIS 8 Express [Only ones with Web Socket support]
- IIS 7 and 7.5.
- IIS must be running in integrated mode
- The hosting application must be running in full trust mode
- SignalR applications can be self-hosted in own process outside of IIS using OWIN
(Open Web Interface for .NET) techniques
SignalR Platform Support – Client Side
- Client Browsers
- Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) versions 8, 9 and 10. Modern, Desktop, and Mobile versions
- Mozilla Firefox: current version - 1, both Windows and Mac versions.
- Google Chrome: current version - 1, both Windows and Mac versions.
- Safari: current version - 1, both Mac and iOS versions.
- Opera: current version - 1, Windows only.
- Android browser
- Applications that use SignalR in browsers must use jQuery version 1.6.4 or major later
- Windows Desktop & Silverlight applications
- Applications using .NET 4 are supported on Windows XP SP3 or later.
- Applications using .NET Framework 4.5 are supported on Windows Vista or later.
- Windows Store & Windows Phone applications
Live Demos & Walkthrough
- Client calls server; Server calls client; seamlessly – Whoa!
- No polling, at least in our code
- Low level – PersistentConnection
- Abstraction – Hub
easier to use
like spokes on a wheel, broadcasting
- Server maintains Clients .. Broadcast to all, group or individual clients
- Built-in Retry logic if transport fails
- Supports scaling out to web farms - backplane support through
Service Bus or Redis (in memory DB) to pump messages between
Real-time connectivity for .NET apps
- .NET Mobile clients can be super interactive with SignalR incorporation
- What .NET client apps could add SignalR powered real-time connectivity?
- Windows Forms & WPF
- Windows 8 Store Apps
- Windows Phone Apps
- Any other apps running .NET ..
One SignalR NuGet for all .NET
- Think you can bypass the Web entirely?
- Imagine the possibilities for your next .NET app
- Great potential for enterprises
Extending SignalR to other platforms
- SignalR makes a lot of sense for Mobile client apps
- Windows 8 & Windows Phone .NET options are great!
- But, we do not live in a silo
- In fact iOS, Android & Windows will coexist in the mobile space
- Would the other platforms be left high & dry?
- Several options to extend SignalR to other non-MSFT platforms
- Let real-time connectivity shine ..
!! Supports SignalR
- Telerik’s AppBuilder provides unified IDE to publish to iOS & Android Stores
- One code base across all platforms, with VS integration
- Adaptive Kendo UI Mobile controls
- Learn more @ http://www.telerik.com/appbuilder
!! Supports SignalR
- Write cross-platform apps entirely in C# inside Visual Studio
- Compiled into native iOS/Android/Mac applications
- Unified IDE with custom UI for each platform
- Learn more @ http://xamarin.com/
SignalR Client for iOS
Where does this fit?
- Other technologies have solved this problem
- Socket.IO is a client-side Jscript library that talks to node.js
- Nowjs supports namespace sync between client-server
- Primary SignalR advantages
→ Simplicity & ease of use
→ Works natively in .NET
→ Works out of browser
→ Supports Web Sockets for best transport
[ASP.NET 4.5/IIS 8 on Win8 only]
→ Works on other platforms, specially mobile