Patellar problems: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
What is the patella?
The patellar is commonly referred to as the kneecap, and is responsible for connecting the muscles at the front of the thigh to the tibia.
The patella usually sits in the femoral groove at the end of the femur, unless dislocated.
What causes patellar damage?
Dislocation of the patella can be caused by an uneven or shallow femoral groove, and also a direct, hard blow (such as falling onto the kneecap can cause it to slip out of place, resulting in a partial or complete dislocation.
What are the symptoms of a dislocated patellar?
Pain (especially in the front of the knee, and increasing with activity), inability to weight-bear, stiffness, cracking / creaking during movement, swelling, loss of movement, instability, and the kneecap slipping to the side are all common symptoms of a patellar injury.
How are patellar injuries diagnosed?
Patellar problems can usually be diagnosed through physical examination, while imaging tests such as x rays may be ordered so the doctor can see how the patella fits into the femoral groove.
What treatment options are available for patellar dislocation?
Sometimes, the patella may pop back into place on its own; however the doctor may need to apply gentle pressure to push it back into place. This procedure is called a reduction.
Sometimes, patellar dislocation can cause damage to the bones, leading to pain and arthritis and necessitating arthroscopic surgery to resolve the issue.
Special exercises designed to strengthen the thigh muscles, along with using a brace may be recommended for partial dislocation injuries.
If the kneecap continues to dislocate, surgery to tighten the tendons or release too-tight tissues can be performed to help keep it in place.
How long does recovery take?
With the right treatment, a patellar injury patient should be fit to return to their regular within one to three months.