Understanding the Six Sigma technical terms and acronyms is essential for conducting Six Sigma projects.
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Glossary of Lean Six Sigma terms and functions:
DPU - Defects Per Unit
DPO - Defects Per Opportunity
DPMO - Defects Per Million Opportunities
PPM - Parts Per Million
RTY - Rolled Throughput Yield
FTY - First Time Yield
FMEA - Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
MLR – Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
SIPOC - Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers
DMAIC - Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control
SPC – Statistical Process Control
UCL – Upper Control Limit
LCL – Lower Control Limit
SD – Standard Deviation
Six Sigma Defect – Anything that does not contribute to customer satisfaction or is not needed by the customer.
Six Sigma Opportunity – The total quantity of chances for a defect.
Critical to Quality (CTQ)
The CTQ tree is used under DMAIC to know and confirm the needs and demands of the customer. Processes are then improved to satisfy customer demand and expectations. It begins with identifying the needs of customers and branches into a more detailed analysis, if required.
The Process Map
Process map, as its name suggests, is a map designed for process improvement. It includes the steps that need to be taken to achieve improvement in a process. A process map is created during the Define phase of DMAIC to establish a guideline (SIPOC) on how to proceed with process improvement.
A histogram is used in the Analyze phase of DMAIC to analyze how the process is functioning. The Six Sigma team uses graphs, charts and information documented in a histogram to quickly understand the capability and operation of a process.
To improve a process, the definition or statement of a Six Sigma project is created. It includes the roles and responsibilities of the various team members of a Lean Six Sigma project, outline of the project, and the main stakeholders. It allows every team member to understand the most important goals of a project, and how they are to be carried out.
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