cpses miniratna navratnas navratna maharatna psus hscc lifecare moil thdc hll numaligarh mecon kamarajar hmt dhatu ircon coalfields ispat railtel antrix aravali electricals kudremukh navaratna nigam isher mahanagar divestments jhakri
public sector enterprises with reference to its relevance to the indian economy
Public sector undertakings in India - Wikipedia Public sector undertakings in India A state - owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking ( PSU ) or a public sector enterprise . These companies are owned by the union government of India , or one of the many state or territorial governments , or both . The company stock needs to be majority - owned by the government to be a PSU . PSUs may be classified as central public sector enterprises ( CPSEs ) or state level public enterprises ( SLPEs ) . In 1951 there were just five enterprises in the public sector in India , but in March 1991 this had increased to 246 . CPSEs are companies in which the direct holding of the Central Government or other CPSEs is 51 % or more . They are administered by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Governance 3 List of public sector undertakings 4 See also 5 References History ( edit ) Further information : Economic history of India When India achieved independence in 1947 , it was primarily an agricultural country with a weak industrial base . The national consensus was in favour of rapid industrialisation of the economy which was seen as the key to economic development , improving living standards and economic sovereignty . Building upon the Bombay Plan , which noted the requirement of government intervention and regulation , the first Industrial Policy Resolution announced in 1948 laid down broad contours of the strategy of industrial development . Subsequently , the Planning Commission was constituted in March 1950 and the Industrial ( Development and Regulation ) Act was enacted in 1951 with the objective of empowering the government to take necessary steps to regulate industrial development . Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation and advocated a mixed economy . He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy . India 's second five year plan ( 1956 -- 60 ) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasised the development of public sector enterprises to meet Nehru 's national industrialisation policy . Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was instrumental to its formulation , which was subsequently termed the Feldman -- Mahalanobis model . The major consideration for the setting up of PSUs was to accelerate the growth of core sectors of the economy ; to serve the equipment needs of strategically important sectors , and to generate employment and income . A large number of `` sick units '' were taken over from the private sector . Additionally , Indira Gandhi 's government nationalised fourteen of India 's largest private banks in 1969 , and an additional six in 1980 . This government - led industrial policy , with corresponding restrictions on private enterprise , was the dominant pattern of Indian economic development until the 1991 Indian economic crisis . After the crisis , the government began dis - investing its ownership of several PSUs to raise capital and privatise companies facing poor financial performance and low efficiency . Governance ( edit ) Many private have been awarded additional financial autonomy . These companies are `` public sector companies that have comparative advantages '' , giving them greater autonomy to compete in the global market so as to `` support ( them ) in their drive to become global giants '' . Financial autonomy was initially awarded to nine PSUs as Navratna status in 1997 . Originally , the term Navaratna meant a talisman composed of nine precious gems . Later , this term was adopted in the courts of Gupta emperor Vikramaditya and Mughal emperor Akbar , as the collective name for nine extraordinary courtiers at their respective courts . In 2010 , the government established the higher Maharatna category , which raises a company 's investment ceiling from Rs. 1,000 crore to Rs. 5,000 crore . The Maharatna firms can now decide on investments of up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project while the Navaratna companies could invest up to Rs 1,000 crore without explicit government approval . Two categories of Miniratnas afford less extensive financial autonomy . Guidelines for awarding Ratna status are as follows : Maharatna Navratna Miniratna Category - I Miniratna Category - II Eligibility Three years with an average annual net profit of over Rs. 5000 crore , OR Average annual Net worth of Rs. 10,000 crore for 3 years , OR Average annual Turnover of Rs. 20,000 crore for 3 years ( against Rs 25,000 crore prescribed earlier ) A score of 60 ( out of 100 ) , based on six parameters which include net profit , net worth , total manpower cost , total cost of production , cost of services , PBDIT ( Profit Before Depreciation , Interest and Taxes ) , capital employed , etc. , AND A company must first be a Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna . Have made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crore or more in one of the three years Have made profits continuously for the last three years and should have a positive net worth . Benefits for investment Rs. 1,000 crore - Rs. 5,000 crore , or free to decide on investments up to 15 % of their net worth in a project up to Rs. 1,000 crore or 15 % of their net worth on a single project or 30 % of their net worth in the whole year ( not exceeding Rs. 1,000 crores ) . up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth , whichever is lower . up to Rs. 300 crore or up to 50 % of their net worth , whichever is lower . PSUs in India are also categorised based on their special non-financial objectives and are registered under Section 8 of Companies Act , 2013 ( erstwhile Section 25 of Companies Act , 1956 ) . List of public sector undertakings ( edit ) Main article : List of public sector undertakings in India See also : Public sector banks in India As on 13 September 2017 there are 8 Maharatnas , 16 Navratnas and 74 Miniratnas. There are nearly 300 CPSEs ( central public sector enterprises ) in total . List of Maharatnas National Thermal Power Corporation ( NTPC ) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ( ONGC ) Steel Authority of India Limited ( SAIL ) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited ( BHEL ) Indian Oil Corporation Limited ( IOCL ) Coal India Limited ( CIL ) Gas Authority of India Limited ( GAIL ) Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited ( BPCL ) List of Navratnas Bharat Electronics Limited ( BEL ) Container Corporation of India ( CONCOR ) Engineers India Limited ( EIL ) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL ) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited ( HPCL ) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited ( MTNL ) National Aluminium Company ( NALCO ) National Buildings Construction Corporation ( NBCC ) National Mineral Development Corporation ( NMDC ) Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited ( NLCIL ) Oil India Limited ( OIL ) Power Finance Corporation Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Shipping Corporation of India ( SCI ) List of Miniratna - I Airports Authority of India ( AAI ) Antrix Corporation Balmer Lawrie Bharat Coking Coal Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited Bharat Earth Movers Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited ( BSNL ) Bridge and Roof Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Cochin Shipyard Dredging Corporation of India Educational Consultants India Kamarajar Port Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Goa Shipyard Hindustan Copper HLL Lifecare Hindustan newsprint Hindustan Paper Housing and Urban Development Corporation HSCC India Tourism Development Corporation India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Rare Earths Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ircon International Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Mazagaon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields MOIL Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam MMTC Ltd . MSTC Limited National Fertilizers National Small Industries Corporation Limited National Seeds Corporation NHPC Ltd . Northern Coalfields North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited Numaligarh Refinery ONGC Videsh Pawan Hans Projects and Development India Limited RailTel Corporation of India Rail Vikas Nigam Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers RITES SJVN Ltd . Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India South Eastern Coalfields State Trading Corporation of India Telecommunications Consultants India THDC Ltd . Western Coalfields Water and Power Consultancy Services List of Miniratna - II Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India Bharat Pumps & Compressors Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Central Railside Warehouse Company Engineering Projects FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals ( India ) Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT ( International ) Ltd . Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited MECON Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited National Film Development Corporation of India PEC Ltd . Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited See also ( edit ) Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India Indian company law References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Chapter 1 , Industrial Policy Handbook '' ( PDF ) . Industrial Policy Handbook . Office of the Economic Adviser , Ministry of Commerce and Industry . p. 2 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 28 May 2015 . Retrieved 17 September 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Jadhav , Narendra . `` Industrial Policy since 1956 '' ( PDF ) . Dr. Narendra Jadhav . Retrieved 17 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Ghose , Shankar . Jawaharlal Nehru . Allied Publishers . p. 243 . ISBN 978 - 8170233695 . Jump up ^ Ahluwalia , Isher J. ( 1993 ) . Productivity and Growth in Indian Manufacturing , part of Recent Developments in Indian Economy : With Special Reference to Structural Reforms , Part 2 . New Delhi : Academic Foundation . p. 25 . ISBN 9788171880942 . Jump up ^ Baldev Raj Nayar , Globalization And Nationalism : The Changing Balance Of India 's Economic Policy , 1950 -- 2000 ( New Delhi : Sage , 2001 ) Jump up ^ `` Disinvestments - A Historical Perspective '' . Bombay Stock Exchange . Retrieved 19 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Sankar , T.L. , Mishra , R.K. , Lateef Syed Mohammed , A. ( 1994 ) . `` Divestments in Public Enterprises : The Indian Experience '' . International Journal of Public Sector Management . 7 ( 2 ) : 69 -- 88 . doi : 10.1108 / 09513559410055242 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ Original govt . announcement about the Navratnas 1997 Archived 9 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Rediff News 26.08. 2010 Jump up ^ `` Maharatna status for mega PSUs gets nod '' . The Times of India . 25 December 2009 . Retrieved 29 December 2009 . Jump up ^ `` bsepsu.com '' . www.bsepsu.com . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 25 . Jump up ^ http://www.archive.india.gov.in/spotlight/spotlight_archive.php?id=78 Jump up ^ http://dpe.nic.in/about-us/management-division/maharatna-navratna-miniratna-cpse Jump up ^ http://www.bsepsu.com/list-cpse.asp List of CPSEs - BSE <Th_colspan="2"> hide State - owned enterprises of Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor ( Timor - Leste ) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands Hong Kong Macau <Th_colspan="2"> hide Public sector undertakings in India ( List ) Maharatna Bharat Heavy Electricals Coal India Gas Authority of India Indian Oil Corporation National Thermal Power Corporation Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Steel Authority of India Bharat Petroleum Corporation Navratna Bharat Electronics Container Corporation of India Engineers India Hindustan Aeronautics Hindustan Petroleum Mahanagar Telephone Nigam National Aluminium Company National Buildings Construction Corporation National Mineral Development Corporation NLC India Limited Oil India Power Finance Corporation Power Grid Corporation of India Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Rural Electrification Corporation Shipping Corporation of India Miniratna - I Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Balmer Lawrie Bharat Coking Coal Bharat Dynamics Bharat Earth Movers Bharat Sanchar Nigam Bridge & Roof Company ( India ) Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Chennai Petroleum Corporation Cochin Shipyard Dredging Corporation of India Kamarajar Port Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Goa Shipyard Hindustan Copper HLL Lifecare Hindustan Newsprint Hindustan Paper Corporation Housing and Urban Development Corporation Indian Rare Earths Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency India Trade Promotion Organisation Ircon International India Tourism Development Corporation Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Mazagon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemical Mishra Dhatu Nigam Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation of India MOIL MSTC National Fertilizers National Seeds Corporation Nathpa Jhakri Dam National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Northern Coalfields North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Numaligarh Refinery ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Projects and Development India Rail Vikas Nigam RailTel Corporation of India Rail Vikas Nigam Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers RITES SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India South Eastern Coalfields State Trading Corporation of India Telecommunications Consultants India THDC India WAPCOS Limited Western Coalfields Educational Consultants India HSCC ( India ) National Small Industries Corporation Miniratna - II Bharat Pumps & Compressors Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Central Railside Warehouse Company Engineering Projects ( India ) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals ( India ) Ferro Scrap Nigam HMT ( International ) Indian Medicines and Pharmaceuticals Corporation MECON Mineral Exploration Corporation National Film Development Corporation of India PEC Limited Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India <Td_colspan="2"> Information updated as of 30 October , 2017 by Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises See also Public sector banks in India Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_sector_undertakings_in_India&oldid=845965156 '' Categories : Government - owned companies of India Public sector in India Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from December 2015 Use Indian English from December 2015 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters Talk Contents About Wikipedia ગુજરાતી हिन्दी മലയാളം தமிழ் Edit links This page was last edited on 15 June 2018 , at 10 : 29 . 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