esetroth strmiska forn siðr eurobarometer kyrkan ásatrú schismatic bábí druidry bifrost neopaganism heathenry romuva eu27 moojan bahá'ís agnosticism eucu báb dogan heathenism kalmykia bahá deism abdu'l momen manichaeism adherents.com bahá'u'lláh
n what part of europe is protestantism the dominant religion
Religion in Europe - wikipedia Religion in Europe Jump to : navigation , search Religions by country Africa ( show ) Algeria Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Nigeria Seychelles South Africa Sudan Uganda Zambia Asia ( show ) Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma Cambodia China Cyprus India Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Japan North Korea South Korea Laos Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Turkey United Arab Emirates Thailand Vietnam Yemen Europe ( show ) Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Ireland Romania Russia Serbia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom North America ( show ) Belize Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Jamaica Mexico Trinidad and Tobago Nicaragua United States Oceania ( show ) Australia East Timor Fiji Indonesia New Zealand Papua New Guinea South America ( show ) Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Uruguay Religion portal More than 75 % of those asked by the 2010 Eurobarometer survey expressed positive `` belief there is a God '' in Turkey , Romania , Malta , Cyprus , Greece and Poland . More than 25 % of those asked expressed positive atheism in France , the Czech Republic , Sweden , the Netherlands , Estonia , Norway , Germany , Belgium , Slovenia and the United Kingdom . Picture information refers to the old 2005 Eurobarometer survey . Religion in Europe has been a major influence on today 's society art , culture , philosophy and law . The largest religion in Europe is Christianity . Three countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities . Ancient European religions included veneration for deities such as Zeus . Modern revival movements of these religions include Heathenism , Rodnovery , Romuva , Druidry , Wicca , and others . Smaller religions include Indian religions , Judaism , and some East Asian religions , which are found in their largest groups in Britain , France , and Kalmykia . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Religiosity 2.1 Gallup survey 2008 -- 2009 2.2 Eurobarometer survey 2010 2.3 Eurobarometer survey 2012 2.3. 1 Maps 3 Abrahamic religions 3.1 Bahá'í Faith 3.2 Christianity 3.2. 1 Christian Denominations 3.3 Islam 3.4 Judaism 4 Deism 5 Irreligion 5.1 Atheism and Agnosticism 6 European indigenous religions 6.1 Druidry 6.2 Germanic indigenous religion 7 Official religions 8 Indian religions 8.1 Buddhism 8.2 Hinduism 8.3 Jainism 8.4 Sikhism 9 Other religions 10 See also 11 References 12 External links History ( edit ) Little is known about the prehistoric religion of Neolithic Europe . Bronze and Iron Age religion in Europe as elsewhere was predominantly polytheistic ( Ancient Greek religion , Ancient Roman religion , Basque mythology , Finnish paganism , Celtic polytheism , Germanic paganism , etc . ) . The Roman Empire officially adopted Christianity in AD 380 . During the Early Middle Ages , most of Europe underwent Christianization , a process essentially complete with the Christianization of Scandinavia in the High Middle Ages . The notion of `` Europe '' and the `` Western World '' has been intimately connected with the concept of `` Christianity and Christendom '' ; many even attribute Christianity for being the link that created a unified European identity , especially since Christianity in the Middle East was marginalized by the rise of Islam from the 8th century , a constellation that led to the Crusades , which although unsuccessful militarily were an important step in the emergence of a religious identity of Europe . At all times , traditions of folk religion existed largely independent from official denomination or dogmatic theology . The Great Schism of the 11th century and Reformation of the 16th century were to tear apart Christendom into hostile factions , and following the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century , atheism and agnosticism have spread across Europe . 19th - century Orientalism contributed to a certain popularity of Buddhism , and the 20th century brought increasing syncretism , New Age , and various new religious movements divorcing spirituality from inherited traditions for many Europeans . The latest history brought increased secularisation , and religious pluralism . Religiosity ( edit ) European countries have experienced a decline in church membership and church attendance . A relevant example of ongoing trend is Sweden where the church of Sweden , previously the state - church until 2000 , claimed to have 82.9 % of the Swedish population as its flock in 2000 . Surveys showed this had dropped to 72.9 % by 2008 and 61.2 % by 2016 . Moreover , in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey 23 % of the Swedish population said that they do n't believe there is any sort of spirit , God or life force and in the 2010 Eurobarometer survey 34 % said the same . Gallup survey 2008 -- 2009 ( edit ) During 2008 -- 2009 , a Gallup survey asked in several countries the question `` Is religion important in your daily life ? '' The table and map below shows percentage of people who answered `` Yes '' to the question . Results of a 2008 / 2009 Gallup survey on whether respondents said that religion was `` important in ( their ) daily life . '' 0 % - 9 % 10 % - 19 % ( Estonia , Sweden , Denmark ) 20 % - 29 % ( Norway , Czech Republic , United Kingdom , Finland ) 30 % - 39 % ( France , Netherlands , Belgium , Bulgaria , Russia , Belarus , Luxembourg , Hungary , Albania , Latvia ) 40 % - 49 % ( Germany , Switzerland , Lithuania , Kazakhstan , Ukraine , Slovenia , Slovakia , Spain ) 50 % - 59 % ( Azerbaijan , Serbia , Ireland , Austria ) 60 % - 69 % 70 % - 79 % ( Croatia , Montenegro , Greece , Portugal , Italy , Moldova , Armenia , Poland , Cyprus , Macedonia , Bosnia and Herzegovina ) 80 % - 89 % ( Georgia , Turkey , Romania , Malta ) 90 % - 100 % ( Kosovo ) No data <Th_colspan="5"> Importance of Religion in Europe by Gallup Poll ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Country Percentage <Td_colspan="2"> Estonia <Td_colspan="2"> 16 % <Td_colspan="2"> Sweden <Td_colspan="2"> 17 % <Td_colspan="2"> Denmark <Td_colspan="2"> 19 % <Td_colspan="2"> Norway <Td_colspan="2"> 21 % <Td_colspan="2"> Czech Republic <Td_colspan="2"> 21 % <Td_colspan="2"> United Kingdom <Td_colspan="2"> 27 % <Td_colspan="2"> Finland <Td_colspan="2"> 28 % <Td_colspan="2"> France <Td_colspan="2"> 30 % <Td_colspan="2"> Netherlands <Td_colspan="2"> 33 % <Td_colspan="2"> Belgium <Td_colspan="2"> 33 % <Td_colspan="2"> Bulgaria <Td_colspan="2"> 34 % <Td_colspan="2"> Russia <Td_colspan="2"> 34 % <Td_colspan="2"> Belarus <Td_colspan="2"> 34 % <Td_colspan="2"> Luxembourg <Td_colspan="2"> 39 % <Td_colspan="2"> Hungary <Td_colspan="2"> 39 % <Td_colspan="2"> Albania <Td_colspan="2"> 39 % <Td_colspan="2"> Latvia <Td_colspan="2"> 39 % <Td_colspan="2"> Germany <Td_colspan="2"> 40 % <Td_colspan="2"> Switzerland <Td_colspan="2"> 41 % <Td_colspan="2"> Lithuania <Td_colspan="2"> 42 % <Td_colspan="2"> Kazakhstan <Td_colspan="2"> 43 % <Td_colspan="2"> Ukraine <Td_colspan="2"> 46 % <Td_colspan="2"> Slovenia <Td_colspan="2"> 47 % <Td_colspan="2"> Slovakia <Td_colspan="2"> 47 % <Td_colspan="2"> Spain <Td_colspan="2"> 49 % <Td_colspan="2"> Azerbaijan <Td_colspan="2"> 50 % <Td_colspan="2"> Serbia <Td_colspan="2"> 54 % <Td_colspan="2"> Ireland <Td_colspan="2"> 54 % <Td_colspan="2"> Austria <Td_colspan="2"> 55 % <Td_colspan="2"> Croatia <Td_colspan="2"> 70 % <Td_colspan="2"> Montenegro <Td_colspan="2"> 71 % <Td_colspan="2"> Greece <Td_colspan="2"> 71 % <Td_colspan="2"> Portugal <Td_colspan="2"> 72 % <Td_colspan="2"> Italy <Td_colspan="2"> 72 % <Td_colspan="2"> Moldova <Td_colspan="2"> 72 % <Td_colspan="2"> Armenia <Td_colspan="2"> 73 % <Td_colspan="2"> Poland <Td_colspan="2"> 75 % <Td_colspan="2"> Cyprus <Td_colspan="2"> 75 % <Td_colspan="2"> Macedonia <Td_colspan="2"> 76 % <Td_colspan="2"> Bosnia and Herzegovina <Td_colspan="2"> 77 % <Td_colspan="2"> Georgia <Td_colspan="2"> 81 % <Td_colspan="2"> Turkey <Td_colspan="2"> 82 % <Td_colspan="2"> Romania <Td_colspan="2"> 84 % <Td_colspan="2"> Malta <Td_colspan="2"> 86 % <Td_colspan="2"> Kosovo <Td_colspan="2"> 90 % Eurobarometer survey 2010 ( edit ) The 2010 Eurobarometer survey found that , on average , 51 % of the citizens of EU member states state that they `` believe there is a God '' , 26 % `` believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' while 20 % `` do n't believe there is any sort of spirit , God or life force '' . 3 % declined to answer . According to a recent study ( Dogan , Mattei , Religious Beliefs in Europe : Factors of Accelerated Decline ) , 47 % of French people declared themselves as agnostics in 2003 . This situation is often called `` Post-Christian Europe '' . A decrease in religiousness and church attendance in Denmark , Belgium , France , Germany , the Netherlands , and Sweden has been noted , despite a concurrent increase in some countries Greece ( 2 % in 1 year ) . The Eurobarometer survey must be taken with caution , however , as there are discrepancies between it and national census results . For example , in the United Kingdom , the 2001 census revealed over 70 % of the population regarded themselves as `` Christian '' with only 15 % professing to have `` no religion '' , though the wording of the question has been criticized as `` leading '' by the British Humanist Association . Romania , one of the most religious countries in Europe , witnessed a threefold increase in the number of atheists between 2002 and 2011 , as revealed by the most recent national census . Eurobarometer survey 2005 chart results The following is a list of European countries ranked by religiosity , based on rates of belief , according to the Eurobarometer survey 2010 . The 2010 Eurobarometer survey asked whether the person `` believes there is a God '' , `` believes there is some sort of spirit or life force '' , or `` does n't believe there is any sort of spirit , God or life force '' . Eurobarometer survey 2010 Country `` I believe there is a God '' `` I believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' `` I do n't believe there is any sort of spirit , God or life force '' Malta 94 % 4 % 2 % Romania 92 % 7 % 1 % Cyprus 88 % 8 % 3 % Greece 79 % 16 % 4 % Poland 79 % 14 % 5 % Italy 74 % 20 % 6 % Ireland 70 % 20 % 7 % Portugal 70 % 15 % 12 % Slovakia 63 % 23 % 13 % Spain 59 % 20 % 19 % Lithuania 47 % 37 % 12 % Luxembourg 46 % 22 % 24 % Hungary 45 % 34 % 20 % Austria 44 % 38 % 12 % Germany 44 % 25 % 27 % Latvia 38 % 48 % 11 % United Kingdom 37 % 33 % 25 % Belgium 37 % 31 % 27 % Bulgaria 36 % 43 % 15 % Finland 33 % 42 % 22 % Slovenia 32 % 36 % 26 % Denmark 28 % 47 % 24 % Netherlands 28 % 39 % 30 % France 27 % 27 % 40 % Estonia 18 % 50 % 29 % Sweden 18 % 45 % 34 % Czech Republic 16 % 44 % 37 % EU27 51 % 26 % 20 % Turkey ( EUCU , not EU ) 94 % 1 % 1 % Croatia ( joined EU in 2013 ) 69 % 22 % 7 % Switzerland ( EFTA , not EU ) 44 % 39 % 11 % Iceland ( EFTA , not EU ) 31 % 49 % 18 % Norway ( EFTA , not EU ) 22 % 44 % 29 % The decrease in theism is illustrated in the 1981 and 1999 according to the World Values Survey , both for traditionally strongly theist countries ( Spain : 86.8 % : 81.1 % ; Ireland 94.8 % : 93.7 % ) and for traditionally secular countries ( Sweden : 51.9 % : 46.6 % ; France 61.8 % : 56.1 % ; Netherlands 65.3 % : 58.0 % ) . Some countries nevertheless show increase of theism over the period , Italy 84.1 % : 87.8 % , Denmark 57.8 % : 62.1 % . For a comprehensive study on Europe , see Mattei Dogan 's `` Religious Beliefs in Europe : Factors of Accelerated Decline '' in Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion . Eurobarometer survey 2012 ( edit ) Self described religion in the European Union ( 2012 ) Christianity ( 72 % ) Non believer / Agnostic ( 16 % ) Atheism ( 7 % ) Islam ( 2 % ) Other religion / None stated ( 3 % ) Eurobarometer survey 2012 Country `` Atheist '' `` Non believer / Agnostic '' `` Atheist + Non believer / Agnostic '' Malta 1 % 2 % 3 % Romania 0 % 0 % 0 % Cyprus 0 % 0 % 0 % Greece 2 % 1 % 3 % Poland 2 % 3 % 5 % Italy 2 % 4 % 6 % Ireland 2 % 5 % 7 % Portugal 2 % 5 % 7 % Slovakia 7 % 12 % 19 % Spain 10 % 16 % 26 % Lithuania 2 % 6 % 8 % Luxembourg 6 % 14 % 20 % Hungary 1 % 21 % 22 % Austria 1 % 10 % 11 % Germany 9 % 18 % 27 % Latvia 3 % 21 % 24 % United Kingdom 5 % 27 % 32 % Belgium 7 % 16 % 23 % Bulgaria 1 % 2 % 3 % Finland 4 % 12 % 16 % Slovenia 16 % 9 % 25 % Denmark 9 % 16 % 25 % Netherlands 8 % 41 % 49 % France 16 % 21 % 37 % Estonia 15 % 22 % 37 % Sweden 13 % 30 % 43 % Czech Republic 20 % 39 % 59 % EU27 7 % 16 % 23 % According to new surveys about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer , Christianity is the largest religion in the European Union accounting 72 % of EU citizens . Catholics are the largest Christian group in EU , accounting for 48 % EU citizens , while Protestants make up 12 % , and Eastern Orthodox make up 8 % , and other Christians account for 4 % of the EU population . Non believer / Agnostic account 16 % , Atheist account 's 7 % , and Muslim 2 % . Maps ( edit ) Belief `` There is a God '' per country based on Eurobaromer 2005 survey Belief `` there is some sort of spirit or life force '' per country based on Eurobarometer 2005 survey No belief in `` any sort of spirit , God or life force '' per country based on Eurobarometer 2005 survey Belief `` there is a God '' per country based on Eurobaromer 2010 survey Belief `` there is some sort of spirit or life force '' per country based on Eurobarometer 2010 survey No belief in `` any sort of spirit , God or life force '' per country based on Eurobarometer 2010 survey Abrahamic religions ( edit ) Bahá'í Faith ( edit ) Main article : Bahá'í Faith in Europe The first newspaper reference to the religious movement began with coverage of the Báb , whom Bahá'ís consider the founder of a precursor religion , occurred in The Times on 1 November 1845 , only a little over a year after the Báb first started his mission . British , Russian , and other diplomats , businessmen , scholars , and world travelers also took note of the precursor Bábí religion most notably in 1865 by Frenchman Arthur de Gobineau who wrote the first and most influential account . In April 1890 Edward G. Browne of Cambridge University met Bahá'u'lláh and left the only detailed description by a Westerner . Starting in the 1890s Europeans began to convert to the religion . In 1910 Bahá'u'lláh's son and appointed successor , ' Abdu'l - Bahá embarked on a three - year journey to including Europe and North America and then wrote a series of letters that were compiled together in the book titled Tablets of the Divine Plan which included mention of the need to spread the religion in Europe following the war . A 1925 list of `` leading local Bahá'í Centres '' of Europe listed organized communities of many countries - the largest being in Germany . However the religion was soon banned in a couple countries : in 1937 Heinrich Himmler disbanded the Bahá'í Faith 's institutions in Germany because of its ' international and pacifist tendencies ' and in Russia in 1938 `` monstrous accusations '' against Bahá'ís and a Soviet government policy of oppression of religion resulted in Bahá'í communities in 38 cities across Soviet territories ceasing to exist . However the religion recovered in both countries . The religion has generally spread such that in recent years the Association of Religion Data Archives estimated the Bahá'ís in European countries to number in hundreds to tens of thousands . Christianity ( edit ) Main article : Christianity in Europe Christianity in Europe by percentage ( 2010 ) . View of St. Peter 's Basilica in Vatican City , the largest European Roman Catholic Church Cathedral of Saint Sava in Serbia is the largest Orthodox church in the world The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia is one of the largest Orthodox cathedrals The St John 's Church , Bergen is a Lutheran church in Norway Calvinist Temple Saint - Étienne ( Protestant St. Stephen 's Church ) in France The majority of Europeans describe themselves as Christians , divided into a large number of denominations . Christian denominations are usually classed in three categories : Catholicism , Orthodoxy and Protestantism ( a diverse group including Lutheranism , Calvinism and Anglicanism as well as numerous minor denominations , including Baptists , Methodism , Evangelicalism , Pentecostalism , etc . ) . Christianity , more specifically the Catholic Church , which played an important part in the shaping of Western civilization since at least the 4th century . European culture , throughout most of its recent history , has been heavily influenced by Christian belief and has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture . The Christian culture was one of the more dominant forces to influence western civilization , concerning the course of philosophy , art , music , science , social structure and architecture . The Civilizing influence of Christianity includes social welfare , founding hospitals , economics ( as the Protestant work ethic ) , politics architecture , literature and family life . Christianity is still the largest religion in Europe . According to a 2010 study by the Pew Research Center , 76.2 % of the European population identified themselves as Christians . According to a 2012 survey about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer , Christianity was the largest religion in the European Union ( account 72 % of EU population ) , Catholics were the largest Christian group in EU , and accounted for 48 % of the EU population , while Protestants made up 12 % , Eastern Orthodox made up 8 % , and other Christians 4 % . Christian denominations ( edit ) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience . Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information , and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia 's inclusion policy . ( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article 's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced . ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Catholicism is the largest denomination with adherents mostly existing in Latin Europe ( which includes France , Italy , Spain , Portugal , Malta , San Marino , Monaco , Vatican City , ) ; southern ( Wallon ) Belgium , Czech Republic , Ireland , Lithuania , Poland , Hungary , Slovakia , Slovenia , Croatia , western Ukraine , parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Mostly in predominantly Croat areas ) , but also the southern parts of Germanic Europe ( which includes Austria , Luxembourg , northern Flemish Belgium , southern and western Germany , parts of the Netherlands , and Liechtenstein ) . Orthodox Christianity ( the churches are in full communion , i.e. the national churches are united in theological concept and part of the One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic Eastern Orthodox Church ) Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Russian Orthodox Church Serbian Orthodox Church Romanian Orthodox Church Greek Orthodox Church Bulgarian Orthodox Church Georgian Orthodox Church Cypriot Orthodox Church Albanian Orthodox Church Polish Orthodox Church Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia Turkish Orthodox Church ( unrecognized by other Orthodox churches / schismatic ) Macedonian Orthodox Church -- Ohrid Archbishopric ( unrecognized by other Orthodox churches / schismatic ) Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate ( unrecognized by other Orthodox churches / schismatic ) Montenegrin Orthodox Church ( unrecognized by other Orthodox churches / schismatic ) Other Armenian Apostolic Church Protestantism Lutheranism Independent Evangelical - Lutheran Church Danish National Church Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland Evangelical Lutheran Church -- Synod of France and Belgium Evangelical Church in Germany Evangelical - Lutheran Church in Hungary Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia Church of Sweden Anglicanism Church of England Church of Ireland Scottish Episcopal Church Church in Wales Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church St. Margaret Anglican Episcopal Church in Hungary Calvinism United Reformed Church Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales Reformed Church in Hungary Church of Scotland Presbyterian Church in Ireland Methodist Church of Great Britain Protestant Church in the Netherlands ( Neo-Calvinism ) Reformed Church of France Swiss Reformed Church Other Baptist Union of Great Britain Baptist Union of Sweden Bruderhof Communities Seventh - day Adventist Church There are numerous minor Protestant movements , including various Evangelical congregations . Islam ( edit ) Further information : Islam in Europe Birmingham Central Mosque , the first mosque in the United Kingdom to use loudspeakers to broadcast the adhan . Islam came to parts of European islands and coasts on the Mediterranean during the 8th - century Muslim conquests . In the Iberian Peninsula and parts of southern France , various Muslim states existed before the Reconquista ; Islam spread in southern Italy briefly through the Emirate of Sicily and Emirate of Bari . During the Ottoman expansion , Islam was spread from into the Balkans and even part of central Europe . Muslims have also been historically present in Ukraine ( Crimea and vicinity , with the Crimean Tatars ) , as well as modern - day Russia , beginning with Volga Bulgaria in the 10th century and the conversion of the Golden Horde to Islam . In recent years , Muslims have migrated to Europe as residents and temporary workers . According to the Pew Forum , the total number of Muslims in Europe in 2010 was about 44 million ( 6 % ) . While the total number of Muslims in the European Union in 2007 was about 16 million ( 3.2 % ) . Muslims make up 99 % of the population in Northern Cyprus , 96 % in Kosovo , 56 % in Albania , 51 % in Bosnia and Herzegovina , 39.3 % in Macedonia , 20 % in Montenegro , between 10 and 15 % in Russia , 7 - 9 % in France , 8 % in Bulgaria , 6 % in the Netherlands , 5 % in Denmark , United Kingdom and Germany. , just over 4 % in Switzerland and Austria , between 3 and 4 % in Greece Judaism ( edit ) The Jubilee Synagogue in Prague , Czech Republic Further information : History of the Jews in Europe , Jews and Judaism in Europe , and Jews by country The Jews were dispersed within the Roman Empire from the 2nd century . At one time Judaism was practiced widely throughout the European continent ; throughout the Middle Ages , Jews were accused of ritual murder and faced pogroms and legal discrimination . The Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany decimated Jewish population , and today , France is home to the largest Jewish community in Europe with 1 % of the total population ( between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews ) . Other European countries with notable Jewish populations include the United Kingdom ( 291,000 Jews ) , Germany ( 119,000 ) , and Russia ( 194,000 ) which is home to Eastern Europe 's largest Jewish community . Deism ( edit ) Main article : Deism During the Enlightenment , Deism became influential especially in France , Germany , the Netherlands , and the United Kingdom . Biblical concepts were challenged by concepts such as a heliocentric universe and other scientific challenges to the Bible . Notable early deists include Voltaire and Kant . Irreligion ( edit ) Further information : Secularism , Irreligion , and Postchristianity The trend towards secularism during the 20th century has a number of reasons , depending on the individual country : France has been traditionally laicist since the French Revolution . Today the country is 25 % to 32 % is Irreligion . The remaining population is made up evenly of both Christians and people who believe in a god or some form of spiritual life force , but are n't involved in organized religion . French society is still secular overall . Some parts of Eastern Europe were secularized as a matter of state doctrine under communist rule in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc . Albania was an officially ( and constitutionally binding ) atheist state from 1967 to 1991 . The countries where the most people reported no religious belief were France ( 33 % ) , the Czech Republic ( 30 % ) , Belgium ( 27 % ) , the Netherlands ( 27 % ) , Estonia ( 26 % ) , Germany ( 25 % ) , Sweden ( 23 % ) and Luxembourg ( 22 % ) . The region of Eastern Germany , which was also under communist rule , is believed to be the least religious region in Europe . Other post-communist countries , however , have seen the opposite effect , with religion being very important in countries such as Romania , Lithuania and Poland . The traditionally Protestant countries have seen a general decrease in church attendance since the 1970s . This concerns Germany , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , and Scandinavia . The trend towards secularism has been less pronounced in the traditionally Catholic countries of Mediterranean Europe . Greece as the only traditionally Eastern Orthodox country in Europe which has not been part of the communist Eastern Bloc also retains a very high religiosity , with in excess of 95 % of Greeks adhering to the Greek Orthodox Church . According to a Pew Research Center Survey in 2012 the Religiously Unaffiliated ( Atheists and Agnostics ) make up about 18.2 % of the European population in 2010 . According to the same Survey the Religiously Unaffiliated make up the majority of the population in only two European countries : Czech Republic ( 76 % ) and Estonia ( 60 % ) . A newer study ( released 2015 ) found that in the Netherlands there is also an irreligious majority of 68 % . Atheism and agnosticism ( edit ) Main articles : Atheism and Agnosticism During the late 20th and early 21st centuries , atheism and agnosticism have increased , with falling church attendance and membership in various European countries . The 2010 Eurobarometer survey found that on total average , of the EU28 population , 51 % `` believe there is a God '' , 26 % `` believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' and 20 % `` do n't believe there is any sort of spirit , God or life force '' . Across the EU , belief was higher among women , increased with age , those with strict upbringing , those with the lowest levels of formal education and those leaning towards right - wing politics . Results were varied widely between different countries . According to a survey measuring religious identification in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer , 7 % of EU citizens identify themselves as atheists . As of 2012 , the top eight European countries with people who viewed themselves as `` atheists '' were the Czech Republic ( 20 % ) , France ( 16 % ) , Slovenia ( 16 % ) , Estonia ( 15 % ) , Sweden ( 13 % ) , Spain ( 10 % ) , Germany ( 9 % ) and Denmark ( 9 % ) . European indigenous religions ( edit ) Esetrother community of the Íslenska Ásatrúarfélagið ( Icelandic Esetroth Fellowship ) preparing for a Þingblót at Þingvellir . An Odinist - rite wedding in Spain , in 2010 , at the Temple of Gaut in Albacete . See also : Neopaganism in German - speaking Europe , Ireland , Latin Europe , the United Kingdom , and Slavic neopaganism Druidry ( edit ) The religious development of Druidry was largely influenced by Iolo Morganwg . Modern practises aim to imitate the practises of the Celtic peoples of the Iron Age . Germanic indigenous religion ( edit ) Main article : Germanic neopaganism Further information : Heathenry in the United Kingdom , Neopaganism in Scandinavia , Neopaganism in Germany and Austria , and Neopaganism in Latin Europe Heathenism or Esetroth ( Icelandic : Ásatrú ) , and the organised form Odinism , are names for the modern folk religion of the Germanic nations . In the United Kingdom Census 2001 , 300 people registered as Heathen in England and Wales . However , many Heathens followed the advice of the Pagan Federation ( PF ) and simply described themselves as `` Pagan '' , while other Heathens did not specify their religious beliefs . In the 2011 census , 1,958 people self - identified as Heathen in England and Wales . A further 251 described themselves as Reconstructionist and may include some people reconstructing Germanic paganism . Ásatrúarfélagið ( Esetroth Fellowship ) was recognized as an official religion by the Icelandic government in 1973 . For its first 20 years it was led by farmer and poet Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson . By 2003 , it had 777 members , and by 2014 , it had 2,382 members , corresponding to 0.8 % of Iceland 's population . In Iceland , Germanic religion has an impact larger than the number of its adherents . In Sweden , the Swedish Forn Sed Assembly ( Forn Sed , or the archaic Forn Siðr , means `` Old Custom '' ) was formed in 1994 and is since 2007 recognized as a religious organization by the Swedish government . In Denmark Forn Siðr was formed in 1999 , and was officially recognized in 2003 The Norwegian Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost ( Esetroth Fellowship Bifrost ) was formed in 1996 ; as of 2011 , the fellowship has some 300 members . Foreningen Forn Sed was formed in 1999 , and has been recognized by the Norwegian government as a religious organization . In Spain there is the Odinist Community of Spain -- Ásatrú . Official religions ( edit ) A number of countries in Europe have official religions , including Liechtenstein , Malta , Monaco , the Vatican City ( Catholic ) ; Armenia ( Apostolic Orthodoxy ) ; Denmark , Iceland and the United Kingdom ( England alone ) ( Anglican ) . In Switzerland , some cantons are officially Catholic , others Reformed Protestant . Some Swiss villages even have their religion as well as the village name written on the signs at their entrances . Georgia has no established church , but the Georgian Orthodox Church enjoys de facto privileged status . Much the same applies in Germany with the Evangelical Church and the Roman Catholic Church , and the Jewish community . In Finland , both the Finnish Orthodox Church and the Lutheran Church are official . England , a part of the United Kingdom , has Anglicanism as its official religion . Scotland , another part of the UK , has Presbyterianism as its national church , but it is no longer `` official '' . In Sweden , the national church used to be Lutheranism , but it is no longer `` official '' since 2000 . Azerbaijan , the Czech Republic , Germany , France , Ireland , Portugal , Serbia , Romania , Russia , Spain and Turkey are officially secular . Indian religions ( edit ) Jain temple in Antwerp , Belgium Buddhism ( edit ) Main article : Buddhism in Europe Buddhism is thinly spread throughout Europe , and the fastest growing religion in recent years with about 3 million adherents . In Kalmykia , Tibetan Buddhism is prevalent . Hinduism ( edit ) Mandir in Gibraltar . Hinduism mainly among Indian immigrants . Growing rapidly in recent years , notably in the United Kingdom , France , and the Netherlands . In 1998 , there were an estimated 1.4 million Hindu adherents in Europe . Jainism ( edit ) Jainism , small membership rolls , mainly among Indian immigrants in Belgium and the United Kingdom , as well as several converts from western and northern Europe . Sikhism ( edit ) Sikhism has nearly 1 million adherents in Europe . Most of the community live in United Kingdom ( 750,000 ) and Italy ( 70,000 ) . Around 10,000 in Belgium and France . The Netherlands and Germany have a Sikh population of 12,000 . All other countries have 5,000 or fewer Sikhs such as Greece . Other religions ( edit ) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience . Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information , and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia 's inclusion policy . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Other religions represented in Europe include : Animism Confucianism Creativity Movement Eckankar Ietsism Raëlism Beliefs of the Romani people Romuva Satanism Shinto Spiritualism Taoism Unitarian Universalism Yazidism Zoroastrianism Rastafari communities in the United Kingdom , France , Spain , Portugal , Italy and elsewhere . Traditional African Religions ( including Muti ) , mainly in the United Kingdom and France , including West African Vodun and Haitian Vodou ( Voodoo ) , mainly among West African and black Caribbean immigrants in the UK and France . See also ( edit ) Buddhism by country Christianity in Europe Europeanism Hinduism by country Irreligion ( no faith ) by country Islam by country Judaism by country List of religious populations Major world religions Protestantism by country Religion in the European Union Roman Catholicism by country References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Special Eurobarometer , biotechnology , page 204 '' ( PDF ) . Fieldwork : Jan - Feb 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Europe '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 15 January 2016 . Jump up ^ Dawson , Christopher ; Glenn Olsen ( 1961 ) . Crisis in Western Education ( reprint ed . ) . p. 108 . ISBN 9780813216836 . Jump up ^ Hans Knippenberg ( 2005 ) . The Changing Religious Landscape of Europe . Amsterdam : Het Spinhuis . pp. 7 -- 9 . ISBN 90 - 5589 - 248 - 3 . Jump up ^ Ronan McCrea ( 17 June 2013 ) . `` Ronan McCrea -- Is migration making Europe more secular ? '' . Aeon Magazine . Retrieved 22 February 2015 . 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