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Rugby World Cup - wikipedia Rugby World Cup Jump to : navigation , search `` RWC '' redirects here . For other uses , see RWC ( disambiguation ) . This article is about the rugby union tournament . For the rugby league tournament , see Rugby League World Cup . Rugby World Cup <Td_colspan="2"> The Webb Ellis Cup is awarded to the winner of the Rugby World Cup Sport Rugby union Instituted Number of teams 20 Regions Worldwide ( World Rugby ) Holders New Zealand ( 2015 ) Most titles New Zealand ( 3 titles ) Website www.rugbyworldcup.com <Td_colspan="2"> The opening ceremony of the 2007 tournament <Th_colspan="2"> Tournaments <Td_colspan="2"> 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 The Rugby World Cup is a men 's rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams . The tournament was first held in 1987 , when the tournament was co-hosted by New Zealand and Australia . New Zealand are the current champions , having defeated Australia in the final of the 2015 tournament in England . The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup , named after William Webb Ellis , the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game . Four countries have won the trophy ; New Zealand have won it three times , two teams have won twice , Australia and South Africa , while England have won it once . The tournament is administered by World Rugby , the sport 's international governing body . Sixteen teams were invited to participate in the inaugural tournament in 1987 , however since 1999 twenty teams have taken part . Japan will host the next event in 2019 and France will host in 2023 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Format 1.1 Qualification 1.2 Tournament 2 History 3 Trophy 4 Selection of hosts 5 Tournament growth 5.1 Media coverage 5.2 Attendance 5.3 Revenue 6 Results 6.1 Tournaments 6.2 Performance of nations 6.3 Team records 7 Records and statistics 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Printed sources 9.2 Notes 9.3 Citations 10 External links Format Qualification Main article : Rugby World Cup qualification Qualifying tournaments were introduced for the second tournament , where eight of the sixteen places were contested in a twenty - four - nation tournament . The inaugural World Cup in 1987 , did not involve any qualifying process ; instead , the 16 places were automatically filled by seven eligible International Rugby Football Board ( IRFB , now World Rugby ) member nations , and the rest by invitation . In 2003 and 2007 , the qualifying format allowed for eight of the twenty available positions to be filled by automatic qualification , as the eight quarter finalists of the previous tournament enter its successor . The remaining twelve positions were filled by continental qualifying tournaments . Positions were filled by three teams from the Americas , one from Asia , one from Africa , three from Europe and two from Oceania . Another two places were allocated for repechage . The first repechage place was determined by a match between the runners - up from the Africa and Europe qualifying tournaments , with that winner then playing the Americas runner - up to determine the place . The second repechage position was determined between the runners - up from the Asia and Oceania qualifiers . The current format allows for 12 of the 20 available positions to be filled by automatic qualification , as the teams who finish third or better in the group ( pool ) stages of the previous tournament enter its successor ( where they will be seeded ) . The qualification system for the remaining eight places is region - based , with a total eight teams allocated for Europe , five for Oceania , three for the Americas , two for Africa , and one for Asia . The last place is determined by an intercontinental play - off . Tournament The 2015 tournament involved twenty nations competing over six weeks . There were two stages , a pool and a knockout . Nations were divided into four pools , A through to D , of five nations each . The teams were seeded before the start of the tournament , with the seedings taken from the World Rankings in December 2012 . The four highest - ranked teams were drawn into pools A to D . The next four highest - ranked teams were then drawn into pools A to D , followed by the next four . The remaining positions in each pool were filled by the qualifiers . Nations play four pool games , playing their respective pool members once each . A bonus points system is used during pool play . If two or more teams are level on points , a system of criteria is used to determine the higher ranked ; the sixth and final criterion decides the higher rank through the official World Rankings . The winner and runner - up of each pool enter the knockout stage . The knockout stage consists of quarter - and semi-finals , and then the final . The winner of each pool is placed against a runner - up of a different pool in a quarter - final . The winner of each quarter - final goes on to the semi-finals , and the respective winners proceed to the final . Losers of the semi-finals contest for third place , called the ' Bronze Final ' . If a match in the knockout stages ends in a draw , the winner is determined through extra time . If that fails , the match goes into sudden death and the next team to score any points is the winner . As a last resort , a kicking competition is used . History Main article : History of the Rugby World Cup A scrum between Samoa ( in blue ) and Wales ( in red ) during the 2011 World Cup Prior to the Rugby World Cup , there was no truly global rugby union competition , but there were a number of other tournaments . One of the oldest is the annual Six Nations Championship , which started in 1883 as the Home Nations Championship , a tournament between England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales . It expanded to the Five Nations in 1910 , when France joined the tournament . France did not participate from 1931 to 1939 , during which period it reverted to a Home Nations championship . In 2000 , Italy joined the competition , which became the Six Nations . Rugby union was also played at the Summer Olympic Games , first appearing at the 1900 Paris games and subsequently at London in 1908 , Antwerp in 1920 , and Paris again in 1924 . France won the first gold medal , then Australasia , with the last two being won by the United States . However rugby union ceased to be on Olympic program after 1924 . The idea of a Rugby World Cup had been suggested on numerous occasions going back to the 1950s , but met with opposition from most unions in the IRFB . The idea resurfaced several times in the early 1980s , with the Australian Rugby Union ( ARU ) in 1983 , and the New Zealand Rugby Union ( NZRU ) in 1984 independently proposing the establishment of a world cup . A proposal was again put to the IRFB in 1985 and this time successfully passed 10 -- 6 . The delegates from Australia , France , New Zealand and South Africa all voted for the proposal , and the delegates from Ireland and Scotland against ; the English and Welsh delegates were split , with one from each country for and one against . The inaugural tournament , jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand , was held in May and June 1987 , with sixteen nations taking part . New Zealand became the first ever champions , defeating France 29 -- 9 in the final . The subsequent 1991 tournament was hosted by England , with matches played throughout Britain , Ireland and France . This tournament saw the introduction of a qualifying tournament ; eight places were allocated to the quarter - finalists from 1987 , and the remaining eight decided by a thirty - five nation qualifying tournament . Australia won the second tournament , defeating England 12 -- 6 in the final . In 1992 , eight years after their last official series , South Africa hosted New Zealand in a one - off test match . The resumption of international rugby in South Africa came after the dismantling of the apartheid system , and was only done with permission of the African National Congress . With their return to test rugby , South Africa were selected to host the 1995 Rugby World Cup . After upsetting Australia in the opening match , South Africa continued to advance through the tournament until they met New Zealand in the final . After a tense final that went into extra time , South Africa emerged 15 -- 12 winners , with then President Nelson Mandela , wearing a Springbok jersey , presenting the trophy to South Africa 's captain , Francois Pienaar . The tournament in 1999 was hosted by Wales with matches also being held throughout the rest of the United Kingdom , Ireland and France . The tournament included a repechage system , alongside specific regional qualifying places , and an increase from sixteen to twenty participating nations . Australia claimed their second title , defeating France in the final . The 2003 event was hosted by Australia , although it was originally intended to be held jointly with New Zealand . England emerged as champions defeating Australia in extra time . England 's win was unique in that it broke the southern hemisphere 's dominance in the event . Such was the celebration of England 's victory , that an estimated 750,000 people gathered in central London to greet the team , making the day the largest sporting celebration of its kind ever in the United Kingdom . The 2007 competition was hosted by France , with matches also being held in Wales and Scotland . South Africa claimed their second title by defeating defending champions England 15 -- 6 . The 2011 tournament was awarded to New Zealand in November 2005 , ahead of bids from Japan and South Africa . The All Blacks reclaimed their place atop the rugby world with a narrow 8 -- 7 win over France in the 2011 final . In the 2015 edition of tournament , hosted by England , New Zealand once again won the final , this time against established rivals , Australia . In doing so , they became the first team in World Cup history to win three titles , as well as the first to successfully defend a title . It was also New Zealand 's first title victory on foreign soil . Trophy Main article : Webb Ellis Cup The Webb Ellis Cup is the prize presented to winners of the Rugby World Cup , named after William Webb Ellis . The trophy is also referred to simply as the Rugby World Cup . The trophy was chosen in 1987 as an appropriate cup for use in the competition , and was created in 1906 by Garrard 's Crown Jewellers . The trophy is restored after each game by fellow Royal Warrant holder Thomas Lyte . The words ' The International Rugby Football Board ' and ' The Webb Ellis Cup ' are engraved on the face of the cup . It stands thirty - eight centimetres high and is silver gilded in gold , and supported by two cast scroll handles , one with the head of a satyr , and the other a head of a nymph . In Australia the trophy is colloquially known as `` Bill '' -- a reference to William Webb Ellis . Selection of hosts Main article : Rugby World Cup hosts Tournaments are organised by Rugby World Cup Ltd ( RWCL ) , which is itself owned by World Rugby . The selection of host is decided by a vote of World Rugby Council members . The voting procedure is managed by a team of independent auditors , and the voting kept secret . The allocation of a tournament to a host nation is now made five or six years prior to the commencement of the event , for example New Zealand were awarded the 2011 event in late 2005 . The tournament has been hosted by multiple nations . For example , the 1987 tournament was co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand . World Rugby requires that the hosts must have a venue with a capacity of at least 60,000 spectators for the final . Host nations sometimes construct or upgrade stadia in preparation for the World Cup , such as Millennium Stadium -- purpose built for the 1999 tournament -- and Eden Park , upgraded for 2011 . The first country outside of the traditional rugby nations of SANZAAR or the Six Nations to be awarded the hosting rights was Japan , who will host the 2019 tournament . France will host the 2023 tournament . Tournament growth Media coverage Organizers of the Rugby World Cup , as well as the Global Sports Impact , state that the Rugby World Cup is the third largest sporting event in the World , behind only the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics , although other sources question whether this is accurate . Reports emanating from World Rugby and its business partners have frequently touted the tournament 's media growth , with cumulative worldwide television audiences of 300 million for the inaugural 1987 tournament , 1.75 billion in 1991 , 2.67 billion in 1995 , 3 billion in 1999 , 3.5 billion in 2003 , and 4 billion in 2007 . The 4 billion figure was widely dismissed as the global audience for television is estimated to be about 4.2 billion . However , independent reviews have called into question the methodology of those growth estimates , pointing to factual inconsistencies . The event 's supposed drawing power outside of a handful of rugby strongholds was also downplayed significantly , with an estimated 97 percent of the 33 million average audience produced by the 2007 final coming from Australasia , South Africa , the British Isles and France . Other sports have been accused of exaggerating their television reach over the years ; such claims are not exclusive to the Rugby World Cup . While the event 's global popularity remains a matter of dispute , high interest in traditional rugby nations is well documented . The 2003 final , between Australia and England , became the most watched rugby union match in the history of Australian television . Attendance See also : List of sports attendance figures Attendance figures Year Host ( s ) Total attendance Matches Avg attendance % change in avg att . Stadium capacity Attendance as % of capacity Australia New Zealand 604,500 32 20,156 -- 1,006,350 60 % 1991 England Wales France Ireland Scotland 1,007,760 32 31,493 + 56 % 1,212,800 79 % 1995 South Africa 1,100,000 32 34,375 + 9 % 1,423,850 77 % 1999 Wales 1,750,000 41 42,683 + 24 % 2,104,500 83 % 2003 Australia 1,837,547 48 38,282 -- 10 % 2,208,529 83 % 2007 France 2,263,223 48 47,150 + 23 % 2,470,660 92 % 2011 New Zealand 1,477,294 48 30,777 -- 35 % 1,732,000 85 % 2015 England 2,477,805 48 51,621 + 68 % 2,600,741 95 % 2019 Japan To be determined 48 <Td_colspan="4"> To be determined Revenue Revenue for Rugby World Cup tournaments Source 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 Gate receipts ( M £ ) -- -- 15 55 81 147 131 - Broadcasting ( M £ ) -- -- 19 44 60 82 93 - Sponsorship ( M £ ) -- -- 8 18 16 28 29 - Notes : The host union keeps revenue from gate receipts . World Rugby , through RWCL , receive revenue from sources including broadcasting rights , sponsorship and tournament fees . Results Tournaments Year Host ( s ) <Th_colspan="3"> Final <Th_colspan="3"> Bronze Final Number of teams Winner Score Runner - up 3rd place Score 4th place Australia & New Zealand New Zealand 29 -- 9 France Wales 22 -- 21 Australia 16 1991 Europe Australia 12 -- 6 England New Zealand 13 -- 6 Scotland 16 1995 South Africa South Africa 15 -- 12 ( aet ) New Zealand France 19 -- 9 England 16 1999 Wales Australia 35 -- 12 France South Africa 22 -- 18 New Zealand 20 2003 Australia England 20 -- 17 ( aet ) Australia New Zealand 40 -- 13 France 20 2007 France South Africa 15 -- 6 England Argentina 34 -- 10 France 20 2011 New Zealand New Zealand 8 -- 7 France Australia 21 -- 18 Wales 20 2015 England New Zealand 34 -- 17 Australia South Africa 24 -- 13 Argentina 20 2019 Japan <Td_colspan="3"> To be determined <Td_colspan="3"> To be determined 20 2023 France Performance of nations Map of nations ' best results ( excluding qualifying tournaments ) . See also : National team appearances in the Rugby World Cup Twenty - five nations have participated at the Rugby World Cup ( excluding qualifying tournaments ) . Of the eight tournaments that have been held , all but one have been won by a national team from the southern hemisphere . The southern hemisphere 's dominance has been broken only in 2003 , when England beat Australia in the final . Thus far the only nations to host and win a tournament are New Zealand ( 1987 and 2011 ) and South Africa ( 1995 ) . The performance of other host nations includes England ( 1991 final hosts ) and Australia ( 2003 hosts ) finishing runners - up . France ( 2007 hosts ) finished fourth , while Wales ( 1999 hosts ) failed to reach the semi-finals . Wales became the first host nation to be eliminated at the pool stages in 1991 , while , England became the first solo host nation to be eliminated at the pool stages in 2015 . Of the twenty - five nations that have ever participated in at least one tournament , twelve of them have never missed a tournament . Team records Team Champions Runners - up Third Fourth Quarter - finals Top 8 Apps New Zealand 3 ( 1987 , 2011 , 2015 ) 1 ( 1995 ) 2 ( 1991 , 2003 ) 1 ( 1999 ) 1 ( 2007 ) 8 Australia 2 ( 1991 , 1999 ) 2 ( 2003 , 2015 ) 1 ( 2011 ) 1 ( 1987 ) 2 ( 1995 , 2007 ) 8 South Africa 2 ( 1995 , 2007 ) -- 2 ( 1999 , 2015 ) -- 2 ( 2003 , 2011 ) 6 England 1 ( 2003 ) 2 ( 1991 , 2007 ) -- 1 ( 1995 ) 3 ( 1987 , 1999 , 2011 ) 7 France -- 3 ( 1987 , 1999 , 2011 ) 1 ( 1995 ) 2 ( 2003 , 2007 ) 2 ( 1991 , 2015 ) 8 Wales -- -- 1 ( 1987 ) 1 ( 2011 ) 3 ( 1999 , 2003 , 2015 ) 5 Argentina -- -- 1 ( 2007 ) 1 ( 2015 ) 2 ( 1999 , 2011 ) Scotland -- -- -- 1 ( 1991 ) 6 ( details ) 7 Ireland -- -- -- -- 6 ( details ) 6 Fiji -- -- -- -- 2 ( 1987 , 2007 ) Samoa -- -- -- -- 2 ( 1991 , 1995 ) Canada -- -- -- -- 1 ( 1991 ) Records and Statistics Gavin Hastings is one of four players to have kicked a record eight penalties in a single World Cup match . Main articles : Records and statistics of the Rugby World Cup , Rugby World Cup try scorers , and List of Rugby World Cup hat - tricks The record for most points overall is held by English player Jonny Wilkinson , who scored 277 over his World Cup career . Grant Fox of New Zealand holds the record for most points in one competition , with 126 in 1987 ; Jason Leonard of England holds the record for most World Cup matches : 22 between 1991 and 2003 . Simon Culhane holds the record for most points in a match by one player , 45 , as well as the record for most conversions in a match , 20 . Marc Ellis holds the record for most tries in a match , six , which he scored against Japan in 1995 . All Black Jonah Lomu is the youngest player to appear in a final -- aged 20 years and 43 days at the 1995 Final . Lomu shares 2 records with South African Bryan Habana . Most tries in a tournament ( 8 ) : Lomu in 1999 and Habana in 2007 and total world cup tournament tries , both scored 15 . The record for most penalties in a match is 8 , held by Matt Burke , Gonzalo Quesada , Gavin Hastings and Thierry Lacroix , and the record for most penalties in a tournament , 31 , is held by Gonzalo Quesada . South Africa 's Jannie de Beer kicked five drop - goals against England in 1999 -- an individual record for a single World Cup match . The most points scored in a game is 145 -- by the All Blacks against Japan in 1995 , while the widest winning margin is 142 , held by Australia in a match against Namibia in 2003 . A total of 16 players have been sent off ( red carded ) in the tournament . Welsh lock Huw Richards was the first , while playing against New Zealand in 1987 . No player has been red carded more than once . See also Rugby union portal Women 's Rugby World Cup Rugby World Cup Sevens References Printed sources Collins , Tony ( 2008 ) . `` ' The First Principle of Our Game ' : The rise and fall of amateurism : 1886 -- 1995 '' . In Ryan , Greg . The Changing Face of Rugby : The Union Game and Professionalism since 1995 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . ISBN 1 - 84718 - 530 - 4 . Davies , Gerald ( 2004 ) . The History of the Rugby World Cup Sanctuary Publishing Ltd . ISBN 1 - 86074 - 602 - 0 . Farr - Jones , Nick , ( 2003 ) . Story of the Rugby World Cup , Australian Post Corporation . ISBN 0 - 642 - 36811 - 2 . Harding , Grant ; Williams , David ( 2000 ) . The Toughest of Them All : New Zealand and South Africa : The Struggle for Rugby Supremacy . Auckland , New Zealand : Penguin Books . ISBN 0 - 14 - 029577 - 1 . Martin , Gerard John ( 2005 ) . The Game is not the Same -- a History of Professional Rugby in New Zealand ( Thesis ) . Auckland University of Technology . Peatey , Lance ( 2011 ) . In Pursuit of Bill : A Complete History of the Rugby World Cup . New Holland Publishers . ISBN 978 - 1 - 74257 - 191 - 1 . Phillpots , Kyle ( 2000 ) . The Professionalisation of Rugby Union ( Thesis ) . University of Warwick . Williams , Peter ( 2002 ) . `` Battle Lines on Three Fronts : The RFU and the Lost War Against Professionalism '' . The International Journal of the History of Sport . Routledge. 19 ( 4 ) : 114 -- 136 . doi : 10.1080 / 714001793 . Notes Jump up ^ However an exhibition tournament did take place at the 1936 Games . Rugby will be reintroduced to the Olympics in 2016 , but as men 's and women 's seven - a-side rugby ( Rugby Sevens ) . Jump up ^ Against England in 1984 . Jump up ^ Argentina , Australia , Canada , England , France , Ireland , Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Romania , Scotland and Wales are the nations that have never missed a tournament , playing in all seven thus far . South Africa has played in all five in the post-apartheid era . Citations ^ Jump up to : Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 59 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 34 . ^ Jump up to : `` Doin ' it the Hard Way '' . Rugby News . 38 ( 9 ) . 2007 . p. 26 . ^ Jump up to : `` Doin ' it the Hard Way '' . Rugby News . 38 ( 9 ) . 2007 . p. 27 . Jump up ^ `` Rankings to determine RWC pools '' . BBC News . 22 February 2008 . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` AB boost as World Cup seedings confirmed '' . stuff.co.nz . NZPA. 22 February 2008 . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Caribbean kick off for RWC 2011 qualifying '' . irb.com. 3 April 2008 . Archived from the original on 5 September 2011 . Retrieved 13 February 2012 . ^ Jump up to : `` Fixtures '' . World Rugby . Archived from the original on 15 August 2015 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Tournament Rules '' . World Rugby . Archived from the original on 1 February 2016 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 2015 Rugby World Cup seedings take shape '' . tvnz.co.nz . AAP. 20 November 2012 . Retrieved 13 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` A brief history of the Six Nations rugby tournament '' . 6 Nations Rugby . Archived from the original on 8 November 2007 . Retrieved 31 October 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` History of Rugby in the Olympics '' . World Rugby. 9 November 2014 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Richards , Huw ( 26 July 2012 ) . `` Rugby and the Olympics '' . ESPN . Retrieved 13 April 2012 . ^ Jump up to : `` The History of RWC '' . worldcupweb.com . Archived from the original on 14 April 2006 . Retrieved 25 April 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Collins ( 2008 ) , p. 13 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 31 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 42 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 77 . ^ Jump up to : Harding ( 2000 ) , p. 137 Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 78 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 82 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 87 . ^ Jump up to : Harding ( 2000 ) , pp. 159 -- 160 Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 99 . Jump up ^ Harding ( 2000 ) , p. 168 Jump up ^ `` England honours World Cup stars '' . bbc.co.uk. 2003 - 12 - 09 . Retrieved 2006 - 05 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` Second World Cup exists , Snedden confirms '' . New Zealand Herald . 18 August 2011 . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Quinn , Keith ( 30 August 2011 ) . `` Keith Quinn : Back - history of RWC -- part three '' . TVNZ . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Friday Boss : Kevin Baker of silversmiths Thomas Lyte '' . BBC News . Jump up ^ `` Thomas Lyte '' . royalwarrant.org . Jump up ^ `` The History of the Webb Ellis Cup '' . Sky Sport New Zealand . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Official Website of the Rugby World Cup '' . rugbyworldcup.com . Archived from the original on 2 February 2007 . Retrieved 14 April 2007 . Jump up ^ `` England awarded 2015 Rugby World Cup '' . ABC News Australia . AFP . 29 July 2009 . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` New Zealand came close to losing Rugby World Cup 2011 '' . Rugby Week . 12 December 2008 . Retrieved 13 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Millennium Stadium , Cardiff '' . Virtual Tourist . Retrieved 23 February 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Rugby World Cup 2015 Official Hospitality '' . RWC Ltd . Archived from the original on 2014 - 12 - 07 . Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 04 . Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.com/sport/30326825 Jump up ^ `` Rugby World Cup : Logic debunks outrageous numbers game '' . New Zealand Herald . 2011 - 10 - 23 . ISSN 1170 - 0777 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` Rugby World Cup 2003 '' . sevencorporate.com.au . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2006 . Retrieved 2006 - 04 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Visa International Renews Rugby World Cup Partnership '' . corporate.visa.com . Archived from the original on 2006 - 04 - 27 . Retrieved 2006 - 04 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Potential Impact of the Rugby World Cup on a Host Nation '' ( PDF ) . Deloitte & Touche . 2008 . p. 5 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 13 April 2014 . Retrieved 12 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Digital Divide : Global Household Penetration Rates for Technology '' . VRWorld . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 01 . Jump up ^ Nippert , Matt ( 2010 - 05 - 02 ) . `` Filling the Cup -- cost $500 m and climbing '' . New Zealand Herald . APN New Zealand . Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 02 . Jump up ^ Burgess , Michael ( 2011 - 10 - 23 ) . `` Logic debunks outrageous numbers game '' . New Zealand Herald . APN New Zealand . Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 02 . Jump up ^ Derriman , Phillip ( 2006 - 07 - 01 ) . `` Rivals must assess impact of Cup fever '' . Sydney Morning Herald . Fairfax . Retrieved 2006 - 07 - 01 . ^ Jump up to : International Rugby Board Year in Review 2012 . International Rugby Board . p. 62 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Only the Strong Survive '' . Rugby News . 38 ( 9 ) . 2007 . pp. 32 -- 33 . ^ Jump up to : Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 243 . ^ Jump up to : `` All Time RWC Statistics '' . International Rugby Board . Archived from the original on 2 December 2014 . Retrieved 12 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 244 . ^ Jump up to : Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 245 . Jump up ^ Peatey ( 2011 ) p. 242 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rugby World Cup . 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