承 徽 庭 责 包 collectivised cadres 責 xiaogang 產 凤 haifeng 任 产 县 anhui 制 聯 联 阳 tve zweig 村 省 frd dali lcweb2 maoist 安 quota
under the household responsibility system farmers in china
Household responsibility system - wikipedia Household responsibility system Jump to : navigation , search The household responsibility system ( simplified Chinese : 家庭 联 产 承包 责任 制 ; traditional Chinese : 家庭 聯 產 承包 責任 制 ; pinyin : jiātíng liánchǎn chéngbāo zérènzhì ) , or contract responsibility system , was a practice in China , first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and later extended to other sectors of the economy , by which local managers are held responsible for the profits and losses of an enterprise . This system partially supplanted the egalitarian distribution method , whereby the state assumed all profits and losses . In traditional Maoist organization of the rural economy and that of other collectivised programs , farmers were given by the government a quota of goods to produce . They received compensation for meeting the quota . Going beyond the quota rarely produced a sizeable economic reward . In the early 1980s peasants were given drastically reduced quotas . What food they grew beyond the quota was sold in the free market at unregulated prices . This system became an instant success , quickly causing one of the largest increases in standard - of - living for such a large number of people in such a short time . This system maintained quotas , and thus the element of socialist societies termed in China the `` iron rice - bowl '' ( in which the state ensured food and employment ) . History ( edit ) The secret experiment proved very successful . The famous example was that in Xiaogang village , Fengyang county , Anhui province ( 安徽 省 凤 阳 县 小 岗 村 ) , where 18 households signed a contract with local cadres . The cadres secretly allowed farmers to produce by household and if the cadres were punished for this the farmers agree to take care of the families of the cadres . In 1979 similar experiments began in Sichuan and Anhui provinces , both seeing dramatic increases in agricultural productivity . Deng Xiaoping openly praised these experiments in 1980 , and the system has been adopted nationwide since 1981 . See also ( edit ) Township and Village Enterprises ( TVE ) Economy of China References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Huang , Haifeng ( December 26 , 2011 ) . `` Signal Left , Turn Right : Central Rhetoric and Local Reform in China '' ( PDF ) format = requires url = ( help ) . Political Research Quarterly ( Forthcoming ) . p. 23 ( `` 4.2 Agricultural De-collectivization '' ) . SSRN 1031296 . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) . The article suggests further reading : Chung , Jae - Ho. 2000 . Central Control and Local Discretion in China . Oxford University Press ; Fewsmith , Joseph . 1994 . Dilemmas of Reform in China : Political Conflict and Economic Debate . ME Sharpe ; Yang , Dali. 1997 . Beyond Beijing : Liberalization and the Regions in China . Routledge ; Zweig , David . 1997 . Freeing China 's Farmers : Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era . M.E. Sharpe . This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/. ( 1 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Household_responsibility_system&oldid=821369140 '' Categories : Economic history of the People 's Republic of China 1980s in China Hidden categories : Pages using citations with format and no URL Pages using web citations with no URL Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Articles containing simplified Chinese - language text Articles containing traditional Chinese - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011 Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012 Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Library of Congress Country Studies Talk About Wikipedia 한국어 日本 語 Polski 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 20 January 2018 , at 01 : 40 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia