tappet camshaft supercharger crankshaft sump turbocharger gasket crankcase ecus injector crossplane underdrive hypereutectic blowoff glasspack desmodromic hydrolock crankpin crossflow manifold valvetrain revved injectors poppet pushrod throttle intercooler cylinders mpa pcv
components of a rotary type fuel injection pump
Injection pump - wikipedia Injection pump Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Injection pump for a 12 - cylinder diesel engine An Injection Pump is the device that pumps diesel ( as the fuel ) into the cylinders of a diesel engine . Traditionally , the injection pump is driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears , chains or a toothed belt ( often the timing belt ) that also drives the camshaft . It rotates at half crankshaft speed in a conventional four - stroke diesel engine . Its timing is such that the fuel is injected only very slightly before top dead centre of that cylinder 's compression stroke . It is also common for the pump belt on gasoline engines to be driven directly from the camshaft . In some systems injection pressures can be as high as 200 MPa ( 30,000 PSI ) . Contents ( hide ) 1 Safety 2 Construction 3 New types 4 See also 5 References Safety ( edit ) Because of the need for positive injection into a very high - pressure environment , the pump develops great pressure -- typically 15,000 psi ( 100 MPa ) or more on newer systems . This is a good reason to take great care when working on diesel systems ; escaping fuel at this sort of pressure can easily penetrate skin and clothes , and be injected into body tissues with medical consequences serious enough to warrant amputation . Construction ( edit ) Inline diesel injection pump Earlier diesel pumps used an in - line layout with a series of cam - operated injection cylinders in a line , rather like a miniature inline engine . The pistons have a constant stroke volume , and injection volume ( i.e. , throttling ) is controlled by rotating the cylinders against a cut - off port that aligns with a helical slot in the cylinder . When all the cylinders are rotated at once , they simultaneously vary their injection volume to produce more or less power from the engine . Inline pumps still find favour on large multi-cylinder engines such as those on trucks , construction plant , static engines and agricultural vehicles . Distributor diesel injection pump For use on cars and light trucks , the rotary pump or distributor pump was developed . It uses a single injection cylinder driven from an axial cam plate , which injects into the individual fuel lines via a rotary distribution valve . Later incarnations such as the Bosch VE pump vary the injection timing with crankshaft speed to allow greater power at high crank speeds , and smoother , more economical running at slower revolution of crankshaft . Some VE variants have a pressure - based system that allows the injection volume to increase over normal to allow a turbocharger or supercharger equipped engine to develop more power under boost conditions . Inline diesel metering pump All injection pumps incorporate a governor to cut fuel supply if the crankshaft rpm endangers the engine - the heavy moving parts of diesel engines do not tolerate overspeeding well , and catastrophic damage can occur if they are over-revved . Poorly maintained and worn engines can consume their lubrication oil through worn out crankcase ventilation systems and ' run away ' , causing increasing engine speed until the engine destroys itself . This is because most diesel engines only regulate their speed by fuel supply control and do n't have a throttle valve to control air intake . New types ( edit ) Mechanical pumps are gradually being phased out in order to comply with international emissions directives , and to increase performance and economy . From the 1990s an intermediate stage between full electronic control were pumps that used electronic control units to control some of the functions of the rotary pump but were still mechanically timed and powered by the engine . The first generation four and five cylinder VW / Audi TDI engines pioneered these pumps before switching to Unit Injectors . These pumps were used to provide better injection control and refinement for car diesel engines as they changed from indirect injection to much more efficient but inherently less refined direct injection engines in the 1990s . The ECUs could even vary the damping of hydraulic engine mounts to aid refinement . BOSCH VP30 VP37 VP44 are example pumps . Since then there has been a widespread change to common rail diesel systems and electronic unit direct injection systems . These allow for higher pressures to be developed , and for much finer control of injection volumes , and multiple injection stages compared to mechanical systems . See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diesel fuel injection pumps . Unit injector References ( edit ) Jump up ^ High - pressure injection injuries to the hand <Th_colspan="2"> Automotive engine <Td_colspan="2"> Part of the Automobile series Basic terminology Bore Compression ratio Crank Cylinder Dead centre Diesel engine Dry sump Engine balance Engine configuration Engine displacement Engine knocking Firing order Hydrolock Petrol engine Power band Redline Spark - ignition engine Stroke Stroke ratio Wet sump Main components Connecting rod Crankcase Crankpin Crankshaft Crossplane Cylinder bank Cylinder block Cylinder head ( crossflow , reverse - flow ) Flywheel Head gasket Hypereutectic piston Main bearing Piston Piston ring Starter ring gear Sump Valvetrain Cam Cam follower Camshaft Desmodromic valve Hydraulic tappet Multi-valve Overhead camshaft Overhead valve Pneumatic valve springs Poppet valve Pushrod Rocker arm Sleeve valve Tappet Timing belt Timing mark Valve float Variable valve timing Aspiration Air filter Blowoff valve Boost controller Butterfly valve Centrifugal - type supercharger Cold air intake Dump valve Electronic throttle control Forced induction Inlet manifold Intake Intercooler Manifold vacuum Naturally aspirated engine Ram - air intake Scroll - type supercharger Short ram air intake Supercharger Throttle Throttle body Turbocharger Twin - turbo Variable - geometry turbocharger Variable - length intake manifold Warm air intake Fuel system Carburetor Common rail Direct injection Fuel filter Fuel injection Fuel pump Fuel tank Gasoline direct injection Indirect injection Injection pump Lean - burn Stratified charge engine Turbo fuel stratified injection Unit injector Ignition Contact breaker Magneto Distributor Electrical ballast High tension leads Ignition coil Spark plug Wasted spark Electrics and engine management Air -- fuel ratio meter Alternator Automatic Performance Control Car battery ( lead -- acid battery ) Crankshaft position sensor Dynamo Drive by wire Electronic control unit Engine control unit Engine coolant temperature sensor Glow plug Idle air control actuator MAP sensor Mass flow sensor Oxygen sensor Starter motor Throttle position sensor Exhaust system Automobile emissions control Catalytic converter Diesel particulate filter Exhaust manifold Glasspack Muffler Engine cooling Air cooling Antifreeze ( ethylene glycol ) Core plug Electric fan Fan belt Radiator Thermostat Water cooling Viscous fan ( fan clutch ) Other components Balance shaft Block heater Combustion chamber Cylinder head porting Gasket Motor oil Oil filter Oil pump Oil sludge PCV valve Seal Synthetic oil Underdrive pulleys <Td_colspan="2"> Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Injection_pump&oldid=814044640 '' Categories : Pumps Engine fuel system technology Fuel injection systems Diesel engine components Diesel engine technology Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from February 2012 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia 日本 語 Polski Русский Türkçe Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 6 December 2017 , at 16 : 14 . 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