pleyel fortissimo molto andante menuetto hoffnung fervid timpani minuets oboist griesinger allegro haydn drumroll palindrome symphonies assai imslp tempora fortepiano pianissimo sweety theresia bravos minuet laudon violins flautist passione vivace
• joseph haydn symphony #94 in g major surprise 2nd movement
Symphony No. 94 ( Haydn ) - wikipedia Symphony No. 94 ( Haydn ) The Symphony No. 94 in G major ( H. 1 / 94 ) is the second of the twelve London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn . It is popularly known as the Surprise Symphony . Contents ( hide ) 1 Composition and premiere 2 Scoring and length 3 Nickname 4 Movements 5 Later uses 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Composition and premiere ( edit ) Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in London for a concert series he gave during the first of his visits to England ( 1791 -- 1792 ) . The premiere took place at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23 , 1792 , with Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano . Scoring and length ( edit ) The Surprise Symphony is scored for a Classical - era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes , oboes , bassoons , horns , trumpets , plus timpani , and the usual string section consisting of violins ( first and second ) , violas , cellos , and double basses . Performances of the Surprise Symphony last about 23 minutes . Nickname ( edit ) Measures 1 to 16 of the first violin part in the second movement . The `` surprise '' arrives in measure 16 , when the rest of the orchestra joins the first violins in a fortissimo G - major chord . Haydn 's music contains many jokes , and the Surprise Symphony includes probably the most famous of all : a sudden fortissimo chord at the end of the otherwise piano opening theme in the variation - form second movement . The music then returns to its original quiet dynamic as if nothing has happened , and the ensuing variations do not repeat the joke . In German , the work is referred to as the Symphony mit dem Paukenschlag , or , with the kettledrum stroke . In Haydn 's old age , his biographer George August Griesinger asked him whether he wrote this `` surprise '' to awaken the audience . Haydn replied : No , but I was interested in surprising the public with something new , and in making a brilliant debut , so that my student Pleyel , who was at that time engaged by an orchestra in London ( in 1792 ) and whose concerts had opened a week before mine , should not outdo me . The first Allegro of my symphony had already met with countless Bravos , but the enthusiasm reached its highest peak at the Andante with the Drum Stroke . Encore ! Encore ! sounded in every throat , and Pleyel himself complimented me on my idea . The work was popular at its premiere . The Woodfall 's Register critic wrote : `` The third piece of HAYDN was a new Overture ( i.e. symphony ) , of very extraordinary merit . It was simple , profound , and sublime . The andante movement was particularly admired . '' The Morning Herald critic wrote : The Room was crowded last night ... A new composition from such a man as HAYDN is a great event in the history of music . -- His novelty of last night was a grand Overture , the subject of which was remarkably simple , but extended to vast complication , exquisitly ( sic ) modulated and striking in effect . Critical applause was fervid and abundant . '' The symphony is still popular today , and is frequently performed and recorded . Movements ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Like all of Haydn 's `` London '' symphonies , the work is in four movements , marked as follows : Adagio -- Vivace assai Andante Menuetto : Allegro molto Finale : Allegro molto The first movement has a lyrical introduction preceding a highly rhythmic main section in time . The second , `` surprise '' , movement , is an andante theme and variations in time in the subdominant key of C major . The theme is in two eight - bar sections , each repeated . The repeat at the end of the first section is pianissimo with pizzicato in the lower strings to set up the surprise . Four variations of the theme follow , starting with embellishment in sixteenth notes by the first violins , moving to a stormy variation in C minor with trumpets and timpani , followed by solos for the first oboist and flautist , and concluding with a sweeping and lyrical forte repeat in triplets . In the coda section , the opening notes are stated once more , this time reharmonized with gently dissonant diminished seventh chords over a tonic pedal . The third movement is a minuet and trio , in ternary form in the tonic key ( G major ) . The tempo , allegro molto ( very quickly ) , is of note since it marks the historical shift away from the old minuet ( which was played at a slower , danceable , tempo ) toward the scherzo ; by his last quartets Haydn had started marking his minuets presto . The fourth movement is a characteristically rhythmic , energetic and propulsive Haydn finale . The movement is written in sonata rondo form with the opening bars appearing both at the beginning and in the middle of the development section . The stirring coda emphasizes the timpani . Later uses ( edit ) Toward the end of his active career Haydn wove the theme of the second movement into an aria of his oratorio The Seasons ( 1801 ) , in which the bass soloist depicts a plowman whistling Haydn 's tune as he works . The same theme is also frequently adapted for the purpose of teaching musical beginners ; see Papa Haydn . The composer Charles Ives wrote a parody of the second movement in 1909 , penning the words `` Nice little easy sugar - plum sounds '' under the opening notes . Ives was unhappy with concert audiences who unadventurously resisted difficult modern music -- as is shown by other words in his parody : `` Nice sweety silk bonnet melodies ... nice pretty perfumed sounds for the dress circle cushion chai ( r ) ears . '' Since the opening notes of Haydn 's second movement are very simple , they were a suitable choice for Ives 's purpose . Donald Swann created a version of the Surprise Symphony ' with extra surprises ' for the humorous Hoffnung Music Festival . See also ( edit ) List of symphonies by name Evolution of Timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ , in Haydn : Two Contemporary Portraits , translated and edited by Vernon Gotwals ( Madison , Wisconsin : ( publisher ) , 1968 ) , p. 33 . Jump up ^ Landon 1976 , 149 . Jump up ^ Landon 1976 , 149 . Jump up ^ Sinclair 572 -- 573 Jump up ^ http://www.donaldswann.co.uk/instrumental.html#instrumental References ( edit ) Landon , H.C. Robbins ( 1976 ) Haydn : Chronicle and Works , Vol. 3 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press . Sinclair , James B. ( 1999 ) A Descriptive Catalogue of the Music of Charles Ives . New Haven : Yale University Press . ISBN 0 - 300 - 07601 - 0 . External links ( edit ) Symphony No. 94 is available in PDF format created from MuseData . Symphony No. 94 : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP ) <Th_colspan="2"> hide Symphonies by Joseph Haydn A -- 20 5 6 ( Le matin ) 7 ( Le midi ) 8 ( Le soir ) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 -- 40 21 22 ( Philosopher ) 23 24 25 26 ( Lamentatione ) 27 28 29 30 ( Alleluia ) 31 ( Hornsignal ) 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ( Echo ) 39 40 41 -- 60 41 42 43 ( Mercury ) 44 ( Trauer ) 45 ( Farewell ) 46 47 ( Palindrome ) 48 ( Maria Theresia ) 49 ( La passione ) 50 51 52 53 ( L'impériale ) 54 55 ( The Schoolmaster ) 56 57 58 59 ( Fire ) 60 ( Il distratto ) 61 -- 81 61 62 63 ( La Roxelane ) 64 ( Tempora mutantur ) 65 66 67 68 69 ( Laudon ) 70 71 72 73 ( La chasse ) 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Paris symphonies 82 ( The Bear ) 83 ( The Hen ) 84 ( In nomine Domini ) 85 ( La Reine ) 86 87 88 -- 92 88 89 90 91 92 ( Oxford ) London symphonies 93 94 ( Surprise ) 95 96 ( Miracle ) 97 98 99 100 ( Military ) 101 ( Clock ) 102 103 ( Drumroll ) 104 ( London ) BNF : cb13913341g ( data ) GND : 300817274 LCCN : n81072641 NLA : 35296523 VIAF : 184684776 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._94_(Haydn)&oldid=819460321 '' Categories : Symphonies by Joseph Haydn Humor in classical music Compositions in G major 1791 compositions Hidden categories : Articles needing more detailed references Articles needing additional references from August 2015 All articles needing additional references Works with IMSLP links Articles with International Music Score Library Project links Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Català Deutsch Español Esperanto Français 한국어 Interlingua Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Simple English Suomi ไทย Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 9 more Edit links This page was last edited on 9 January 2018 , at 14 : 01 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia