bascules bascule brangwyn bermondsey pinions spitalfields dulwich nunhead rotherhithe accumulators bethnal limehouse bha rendel blackwall shadwell walkways quays abutments southwark blackfriars fenchurch bazalgette hamlets weinreb spiderman bankside wapping leamouth devons
where is the tower bridge and what is special about it
Tower bridge - Wikipedia Tower bridge Jump to : navigation , search Coordinates : 51 ° 30 ′ 20 '' N 0 ° 04 ′ 32 '' W ﻿ / ﻿ 51.50556 ° N 0.07556 ° W ﻿ / 51.50556 ; - 0.07556 For the bridge in Sacramento , California , see Tower Bridge ( California ) . For the station in Co . Cork , Ireland , see Tower Bridge railway station . <Th_colspan="2"> Tower Bridge <Td_colspan="2"> Carries A100 Tower Bridge Road Crosses River Thames Locale London boroughs : -- north side : Tower Hamlets -- south side : Southwark Maintained by Bridge House Estates Heritage status Grade I listed structure Preceded by London Bridge Followed by Queen Elizabeth II Bridge <Th_colspan="2"> Characteristics Design Bascule bridge / Suspension Bridge Total length 801 ft ( 244 m ) Height 213 ft ( 65 m ) Longest span 270 ft ( 82.3 m ) Clearance below 28 ft ( 8.6 m ) ( closed ) 139 ft ( 42.5 m ) ( open ) ( mean high water spring tide ) <Th_colspan="2"> History Opened 30 June 1894 ; 123 years ago ( 1894 - 06 - 30 ) Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894 . The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London , resulting in it sometimes being confused with London Bridge , situated some 0.5 mi ( 0.80 km ) upstream . Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates , a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation . It is the only one of the Trust 's bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank , as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets . The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways , designed to withstand the horizontal tension forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers . The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers . The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower . Before its restoration in the 2010s , the bridge 's colour scheme dated from 1977 , when it was painted red , white and blue for Queen Elizabeth II 's Silver Jubilee . Its colours were subsequently restored to blue and white . The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians , whereas the bridge 's twin towers , high - level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition , for which an admission charge is made . The nearest London Underground tube stations are Tower Hill on the Circle and District lines , London Bridge on the Jubilee and Northern lines and Bermondsey on the Jubilee line , and the nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway . The nearest National Rail stations are at Fenchurch Street and London Bridge . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Inception 1.2 Construction 1.3 Opening 1.4 Second World War 1.5 Modernization 1.6 2008 -- 2012 facelift 1.7 London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics 1.8 2016 renovations 2 Design 2.1 Bridge structure 2.2 Hydraulic system 2.3 Signalling and control 3 Traffic 3.1 Road 3.2 River 4 Tower Bridge Exhibition 5 Reaction 6 Incidents 7 Gallery 8 See also 8.1 Historic places adjacent to Tower Bridge 9 References 10 External links History ( edit ) Inception ( edit ) Elevation , with dimensions In the second half of the 19th century , an advertisement in the East End of London led to a hiring for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge . A traditional fixed bridge at street level could not be built because it would cut off access by sailing ships to the port facilities in the Pool of London , between London Bridge and the Tower of London . A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877 , chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman , to find a solution to the river crossing problem . It opened the design of the crossing to public competition . Over 50 designs were submitted , including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette . Bazalgette 's design was rejected because of a lack of sufficient headroom , and design was not approved until 1884 , when it was decided to build a bascule bridge . Sir John Wolfe Barry was appointed engineer with Sir Horace Jones as architect ( who was also one of the judges ) . An Act of Parliament was passed in 1885 authorising the bridge 's construction . It specified the opening span must give a clear width of 200 feet ( 61 m ) and a headroom of 135 feet ( 41 m ) . Construction had to be in a Gothic style . Barry designed a bascule bridge with two bridge towers built on piers . The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves , which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass . The two side - spans were suspension bridges , with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge 's upper walkways . Construction ( edit ) Tower Bridge under construction , 1892 Construction started in 1886 and took eight years with five major contractors -- Sir John Jackson ( foundations ) , Baron Armstrong ( hydraulics ) , William Webster , Sir H.H. Bartlett , and Sir William Arrol & Co. -- and employed 432 construction workers . EW Crutwell was the resident engineer for the construction . Two massive piers , containing over 70,000 tons of concrete , were sunk into the riverbed to support the construction . Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the towers and walkways . This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone , both to protect the underlying steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance . Jones died in 1886 and George D. Stevenson took over the project . Stevenson replaced Jones 's original brick façade with the more ornate Victorian Gothic style , which makes the bridge a distinctive landmark , and was intended to harmonise the bridge with the nearby Tower of London . The total cost of construction was £ 1,184,000 ( equivalent to £ 122 million in 2015 ) . Opening ( edit ) The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894 by The Prince of Wales ( the future King Edward VII ) , and his wife , The Princess of Wales ( Alexandra of Denmark ) . The bridge connected Iron Gate , on the north bank of the river , with Horselydown Lane , on the south -- now known as Tower Bridge Approach and Tower Bridge Road , respectively . Until the bridge was opened , the Tower Subway -- 400 m to the west -- was the shortest way to cross the river from Tower Hill to Tooley Street in Southwark . Opened in 1870 , Tower Subway was among the world 's earliest underground ( `` tube '' ) railways , but it closed after just three months and was re-opened as a pedestrian foot tunnel . Once Tower Bridge was open , the majority of foot traffic transferred to using the bridge , there being no toll to pay to use it . Having lost most of its income , the tunnel was closed in 1898 . The high - level open air walkways between the towers gained an unpleasant reputation as a haunt for prostitutes and pickpockets ; as they were only accessible by stairs they were seldom used by regular pedestrians , and were closed in 1910 . Second world War ( edit ) A Short Sunderland of No. 201 Squadron RAF moored at Tower Bridge during the 1956 commemoration of the Battle of Britain During the Second World War and as a precaution against the existing engines being damaged by enemy action , a third engine was installed in 1942 : a 150 hp horizontal cross-compound engine , built by Vickers Armstrong Ltd. at their Elswick works in Newcastle upon Tyne . It was fitted with a flywheel having a 9 - foot ( 2.7 m ) diameter and weighing 9 tons , and was governed to a speed of 30 rpm . The engine became redundant when the rest of the system was modernised in 1974 , and was donated to the Forncett Industrial Steam Museum by the Corporation of the City of London . Modernization ( edit ) In 1974 , the original operating mechanism was largely replaced by a new electro - hydraulic drive system , designed by BHA Cromwell House , with the original final pinions driven by modern hydraulic motors and gearing . In 1982 , the Tower Bridge Exhibition opened , housed in the bridge 's twin towers , the long - closed high - level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms . The latter still house the original steam engines and some of the original hydraulic machinery . A computer system was installed in 2000 to control the raising and lowering of the bascules remotely . It proved unreliable , resulting in the bridge being stuck in the open or closed positions on several occasions during 2005 until its sensors were replaced . 2008 -- 2012 facelift ( edit ) In April 2008 it was announced that the bridge would undergo a ' facelift ' costing £ 4 million , and taking four years to complete . The work entailed stripping off the existing paint down to bare metal and repainting in blue and white . Each section was enshrouded in scaffolding and plastic sheeting to prevent the old paint falling into the Thames and causing pollution . Starting in mid-2008 , contractors worked on a quarter of the bridge at a time to minimise disruption , but some road closures were inevitable . It is intended that the completed work will stand for 25 years . The renovation of the walkway interior was completed in mid-2009 . Within the walkways a versatile new lighting system has been installed , designed by Eleni Shiarlis , for when the walkways are in use for exhibitions or functions . The new system provides for both feature and atmospheric lighting , the latter using bespoke RGB LED luminaires , designed to be concealed within the bridge superstructure and fixed without the need for drilling ( these requirements as a result of the bridge 's Grade I status ) . The renovation of the four suspension chains was completed in March 2010 using a state - of - the - art coating system requiring up to six different layers of ' paint ' . London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics ( edit ) Tower Bridge with 2012 Olympic rings The bridge featured in publicity for the 2012 Summer Olympics being held in London . In June 2012 a set of Olympic rings was suspended from the bridge to mark one month to go until the start of the games . The rings cost £ 259,817 to make , measured 25 by 11.5 metres ( 82 by 38 ft ) and weighed 13 tonnes ( 14 short tons ) . On 8 July 2012 , the west walkway was transformed into a 200 - foot - long ( 61 m ) Live Music Sculpture by the British composer Samuel Bordoli. 30 classical musicians were arranged along the length of the bridge 138 feet ( 42 m ) above the Thames behind the Olympic rings . The sound travelled backwards and forwards along the walkway , echoing the structure of the bridge . Following the Olympics , the rings were removed from Tower Bridge and replaced by the emblem of the Paralympic Games for the 2012 Summer Paralympics . 2016 renovations ( edit ) Tower Bridge was closed to all road traffic for almost three months in late 2016 ( 1 October to 30 December ) . This was to allow structural maintenance work to take place . The work included : Undertaking major maintenance to the bridge lifting systems Replacing the decking and resurfacing the walkways and road Replacing the expansion joints along the bridge to provide a smoother surface Waterproofing the arches made from brick on the approaches to the bridge During this time the bridge was still open to water borne traffic as required by Act of Parliament . The bridge was open to pedestrians for all but three weekends , where a free ferry service was in operation . Design ( edit ) Tower Bridge from Shad Thames Bridge structure ( edit ) Tower Bridge at dawn The bridge is 800 feet ( 240 m ) in length with two towers each 213 feet ( 65 m ) high , built on piers . The central span of 200 feet ( 61 m ) between the towers is split into two equal bascules or leaves , which can be raised to an angle of 86 degrees to allow river traffic to pass . The bascules , weighing over 1,000 tons each , are counterbalanced to minimise the force required and allow raising in five minutes . The two side - spans are suspension bridges , each 270 feet ( 82 m ) long , with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge 's upper walkways . The pedestrian walkways are 143 feet ( 44 m ) above the river at high tide . The main bridge deck carries two lanes of road traffic between two low - level pedestrian walkways across both suspension spans and the opening bascule section of the bridge , with the walkways separated from the roadway by fences . The roadway passes through each of the two towers , whereas the low - level walkways pass around the outside of the towers . One of the chimneys on the bridge , which are often confused as lamp posts , connects up to an old fireplace in a guardroom of the Tower of London . It is long - disused . Hydraulic system ( edit ) One of the original steam engines The original raising mechanism was powered by pressurised water stored in several hydraulic accumulators . The system was designed and installed by Hamilton Owen Rendel while working for Sir W.G. Armstrong Mitchell & Company of Newcastle upon Tyne . Water , at a pressure of 750 psi ( 5.2 MPa ) , was pumped into the accumulators by two 360 hp ( 270 kW ) horizontal twin - tandem compound stationary steam engines , fitted with Meyer expansion slide valves . Each engine drove a force pump from its piston tail rod . The accumulators each comprise a 20 - inch ( 51 cm ) ram on which sits a very heavy weight to maintain the desired pressure . The entire hydraulic system along with the gas lighting system was installed by William Sugg & Co Ltd. , the well known Westminster gas engineers . The gas lighting was initially by open flame burners within the lanterns but soon after was updated to the later incandescent system . In 1974 , the original operating mechanism was largely replaced by a new electro - hydraulic drive system , designed by BHA Cromwell House . The only components of the original system still in use are the final pinions , which engage with the racks fitted to the bascules . These are driven by modern hydraulic motors and gearing , using oil rather than water as the hydraulic fluid . Some of the original hydraulic machinery has been retained , although it is no longer in use . It is open to the public and forms the basis for the bridge 's museum , which resides in the old engine rooms on the south side of the bridge . The museum includes the steam engines , two of the accumulators and one of the hydraulic engines that moved the bascules , along with other related artefacts . Signalling and control ( edit ) To control the passage of river traffic through the bridge , a number of different rules and signals were employed . Daytime control was provided by red semaphore signals , mounted on small control cabins on either end of both bridge piers . At night , coloured lights were used , in either direction , on both piers : two red lights to show that the bridge was closed , and two green to show that it was open . In foggy weather , a gong was sounded as well . Vessels passing through the bridge had to display signals too : by day , a black ball at least 2 feet ( 0.61 m ) in diameter was to be mounted high up where it could be seen ; by night , two red lights in the same position . Foggy weather required repeated blasts from the ship 's steam whistle . If a black ball was suspended from the middle of each walkway ( or a red light at night ) this indicated that the bridge could not be opened . These signals were repeated about 1,000 yards ( 910 m ) downstream , at Cherry Garden Pier , where boats needing to pass through the bridge had to hoist their signals / lights and sound their horn , as appropriate , to alert the Bridge Master . Some of the control mechanism for the signalling equipment has been preserved and may be seen working in the bridge 's museum . Traffic ( edit ) The tall ship Wylde Swan passing under Tower Bridge decorated for the London Olympics in August 2012 . Note the Olympic rings folded up to allow passage of the mast . Road ( edit ) Tower Bridge is still a busy crossing of the Thames : it is crossed by over 40,000 people ( motorists , cyclists and pedestrians ) every day . The bridge is on the London Inner Ring Road , and is on the eastern boundary of the London congestion charge zone . ( Drivers do not incur a charge by crossing the bridge . ) To maintain the integrity of the structure , the City of London Corporation has imposed a 20 - mile - per - hour ( 32 km / h ) speed restriction , and an 18 tonnes ( 20 short tons ) weight limit on vehicles using the bridge . A camera system measures the speed of traffic crossing the bridge , using a number plate recognition system to send fixed penalty charges to speeding drivers . A second system monitors other vehicle parameters . Induction loops and piezoelectric sensors are used to measure the weight , the height of the chassis above ground level , and the number of axles of each vehicle . River ( edit ) The bascules are raised around 1000 times a year . River traffic is now much reduced , but it still takes priority over road traffic . Today , 24 hours ' notice is required before opening the bridge , and opening times are published in advance on the bridge 's website . There is no charge for vessels to open the bridge . When needing to be raised for the passage of a vessel the bascules are only raised to an angle sufficient for the vessel to safely pass under the bridge , except in the case of a vessel with the Monarch on board in which case they are raised fully no matter the size of the vessel . Tower bridge Exhibition ( edit ) Interior of high - level walkway ( used as an exhibition space ) The Tower Bridge Exhibition is a display housed in the bridge 's twin towers , the high - level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms . It uses films , photos and interactive displays to explain why and how Tower Bridge was built . Visitors can access the original steam engines that once powered the bridge bascules , housed in a building close to the south end of the bridge . The exhibition charges an admission fee . Entrance is from the west side of the bridge deck to the northern tower , from where visitors ascend to level 4 by lift before crossing the high - level walkways to the southern tower . In the towers and walkways is an exhibition on the history of the bridge . The walkways also provide views over the city , the Tower of London and the Pool of London , and include a glass - floored section . From the south tower , visitors can visit the engine rooms , with the original steam engines , which are situated in a separate building beside the southern approach to the bridge . Reaction ( edit ) Although the bridge is an undoubted landmark , professional commentators in the early 20th century were critical of its aesthetics . `` It represents the vice of tawdriness and pretentiousness , and of falsification of the actual facts of the structure '' , wrote Henry Heathcote Statham , while Frank Brangwyn stated that `` A more absurd structure than the Tower Bridge was never thrown across a strategic river '' . Architectural historian Dan Cruickshank selected the bridge as one of his four choices for the 2002 BBC television documentary series Britain 's Best Buildings . Tower Bridge is often mistaken for London Bridge , the next bridge upstream . A popular urban legend is that in 1968 , Robert P. McCulloch , the purchaser of the old London Bridge that was later shipped to Lake Havasu City in Arizona , believed that he was in fact buying Tower Bridge . This was denied by McCulloch himself and has been debunked by Ivan Luckin , the vendor of the bridge . A partial replica of Tower Bridge has been built in the city of Suzhou in China . The replica differs from the original in having no lifting mechanism and having four separate towers . Incidents ( edit ) In December 1952 , the bridge opened while a number 78 double - decker bus was crossing from the south bank . At that time , the gateman would ring a warning bell and close the gates when the bridge was clear before the watchman ordered the raising of the bridge . The process failed while a relief watchman was on duty . The bus was near the edge of the south bascule when it started to rise ; driver Albert Gunter made a split - second decision to accelerate , clearing a 3 - foot ( 0.91 m ) gap to drop 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) onto the north bascule , which had not yet started to rise . There were no serious injuries . Gunter was given £ 10 ( equivalent to £ 260 in 2015 ) by the City Corporation to honour his act of bravery . The Hawker Hunter Tower Bridge incident occurred on 5 April 1968 when a Royal Air Force Hawker Hunter FGA. 9 jet fighter from No. 1 Squadron , flown by Flt Lt Alan Pollock , flew through Tower Bridge . Unimpressed that senior staff were not going to celebrate the RAF 's 50th birthday with a fly - past , Pollock decided to do something himself . Without authorisation , Pollock flew the Hunter at low altitude down the Thames , past the Houses of Parliament , and continued on toward Tower Bridge . He flew the Hunter beneath the bridge 's walkway , remarking afterwards that it was an afterthought when he saw the bridge looming ahead of him . Pollock was placed under arrest upon landing , and discharged from the RAF on medical grounds without the chance to defend himself at a court martial . In the summer of 1973 , a single - engined Beagle Pup was twice flown under the pedestrian walkway of Tower Bridge by 29 - year - old stockbroker 's clerk Paul Martin . Martin was on bail following accusations of stockmarket fraud . He then `` buzzed '' buildings in The City , before flying north towards the Lake District where he died when his aircraft crashed some two hours later . In May 1997 , the motorcade of United States President Bill Clinton was divided by the opening of the bridge . The Thames sailing barge Gladys , on her way to a gathering at St Katharine Docks , arrived on schedule and the bridge was opened for her . Returning from a Thames - side lunch at Le Pont de la Tour restaurant with UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , President Clinton was less punctual and arrived just as the bridge was rising . The bridge opening split the motorcade in two , much to the consternation of security staff . A spokesman for Tower Bridge is quoted as saying : `` We tried to contact the American Embassy , but they would n't answer the phone . '' On 19 August 1999 , Jef Smith , a Freeman of the City of London , drove a flock of two sheep across the bridge . He was exercising a claimed ancient permission , granted as a right to Freemen , to make a point about the powers of older citizens and the way in which their rights were being eroded . Before dawn on 31 October 2003 , David Crick , a Fathers 4 Justice campaigner , climbed a 100 - foot ( 30 m ) tower crane near Tower Bridge at the start of a six - day protest dressed as Spider - Man . Fearing for his safety , and that of motorists should he fall , police cordoned off the area , closing the bridge and surrounding roads and causing widespread traffic congestion across the City and east London . The Metropolitan Police were later criticised for maintaining the closure for five days when this was not strictly necessary in the eyes of some citizens . On 11 May 2009 , six people were trapped and injured after a lift fell 10 feet ( 3 m ) inside the north tower . Gallery ( edit ) See also ( edit ) London portal Crossings of the River Thames Moveable bridges Pool of London Historic places adjacent to Tower Bridge ( edit ) HMS Belfast London Bridge Shad Thames St Katharine Docks Tower of London Comparison of the side elevations of the Tower Bridge and some notable bridges at the same scale . ( click for interactive version ) References ( edit ) Citations ^ Jump up to : `` Tower Bridge restored to true colours Tower Bridge '' . www.thetowerbridge.info . Retrieved 8 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Finishing touches to Tower Bridge Tower Bridge '' . www.thetowerbridge.info . Retrieved 8 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge Exhibition website '' . Corporation of The City of London . Retrieved 18 November 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Weinreb et al. 2008 , p. 922 . ^ Jump up to : Roberts , Chris , `` Cross River Traffic '' , Granta , 2005 Jump up ^ The Times , 2 July 1894 ^ Jump up to : `` Tower Bridge '' . Archive -- the Quarterly Journal for British Industrial and Transport History . Lightmoor Press ( 3 ) : 47 . 1994 . ISSN 1352 - 7991 . ^ Jump up to : UK Consumer Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Gregory Clark ( 2016 ) , `` The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain , 1209 to Present ( New Series ) '' , MeasuringWorth.com . Jump up ^ John Eade ( 22 July 1976 ) . `` Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide '' . Thames.me.uk . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Smith , Denis ( 2001 ) . Civil Engineering Heritage : London and the Thames Valley . Thomas Telford . pp. 22 -- 23 . ISBN 0 - 7277 - 2876 - 8 . Jump up ^ `` The Tower Bridge Engine '' . Forncett Industrial Steam Museum . Retrieved 27 February 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Firm : BHA Cromwell House '' . G.M. Beresford Hartwell . Retrieved 30 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Hartwell , Geoffrey . `` Tower Bridge , London '' . Retrieved 27 February 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` About Us '' . Tower Bridge Exhibition . Retrieved 14 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Fix to stop bridge getting stuck '' . BBC News . 17 January 2006 . Retrieved 25 September 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge to get £ 4m facelift '' . BBC News . 7 April 2008 . Retrieved 8 April 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge lighting '' . Interior Event & Exhibition Lighting Design scheme . ES Lighting Design . 29 April 2009 . Retrieved 27 August 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge restored to true colours '' . Tower Bridge Restoration Website. 10 March 2010 . Retrieved 24 May 2010 . Jump up ^ Olympics rings Tower over London , Daily Mail ( London ) , accessed 29 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge is London 's Latest Venue -- Classic FM Music News and Features '' . Classicfm.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge as a musical instrument '' . Classical-Music.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Topping , Alexandra ( 13 August 2012 ) . `` London 2012 : let the Paralympics preparations begin '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 18 August 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge closure '' . Transport for London . Jump up ^ `` 11 Secret Features Of Famous London Landmarks '' . Londonist. 20 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Bridge History '' . Towerbridge.org.uk. 1 February 2003 . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Lane , MR ( 1989 ) . The Rendel Connection : a dynasty of engineers . Quiller press , London . ISBN 1 - 870948 - 01 - 7 . Jump up ^ `` History William Sugg & Co Westminster gas lighting cooking heating appliance manufacturer . '' . Jump up ^ Fleet Sail Royal Greenwich ^ Jump up to : Speed Check Services . `` Bridge Protection Scheme '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 18 November 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Bridge Lifts '' . Tower Bridge Official Website . Archived from the original on 12 September 2007 . Retrieved 25 September 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Bridge Lift Times '' . Tower Bridge Exhibition . City of London . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Step Inside '' . Tower Bridge Exhibition . Retrieved 14 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Statham , H.H. , `` Bridge Engineering '' , Wiley , 1916 . Jump up ^ Brangwyn , F. , and Sparrow , W.S. , `` A Book of Bridges '' , John Lane , 1920 . Jump up ^ Cruickshank , Dan . `` Choosing Britain 's Best Buildings '' . BBC History . Retrieved 3 June 2008 . Jump up ^ Jason Cochran , Pauline Frommer ( 2007 ) . Pauline Frommer 's London . Frommer 's . p. 184 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 05228 - 0 . Retrieved 9 July 2011 . Jump up ^ `` How London Bridge was sold to the States ( From This Is Local London ) '' . Thisislocallondon.co.uk . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Silk , Michael ; Manley , Andrew ( 3 June 2014 ) . `` From Tower Bridge to Sydney Harbour , welcome to China 's city of clones '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 14 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Tower Bridge , London , UK '' . BBC . Retrieved 11 November 2008 . Jump up ^ `` The Jumping Bus '' . Time . 12 January 1953 . Archived from the original on 22 December 2008 . Jump up ^ Car Journals . `` Mind The Gap When Jumping Over Tower Bridge '' . Car Journals . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . Jump up ^ p. 157 , Shaw , Michael ' No. 1 Squadron ' , Ian Allan 1986 Jump up ^ `` Hawker Hunter History '' . ( scroll down half - way ) . Thunder & Lightnings. 29 February 2004 . Retrieved 8 April 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Gives Suicide Plan To Crash Plane into Tower of London , Dies in Crash 240 Miles Away '' . Lundington Daily News . 1 August 1973 . Retrieved 14 February 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Presidential visits abroad '' . ( William J. Clinton III ) . US Department of State . Retrieved 25 September 2007 . Jump up ^ Shore , John ( July 1997 ) . `` Gladys takes the rise out of Bill '' . Regatta Online . Retrieved 25 September 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Protest Freeman herds sheep over Tower Bridge '' . BBC News . 19 August 1999 . Retrieved 6 November 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Spiderman protest closes Tower Bridge '' . BBC News . 31 October 2003 . Retrieved 31 October 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Spiderman cordon criticised '' . BBC News . 3 November 2003 . Retrieved 31 October 2008 . Jump up ^ `` ' Spiderman ' cleared over protest '' . BBC News . 14 May 2004 . Retrieved 31 October 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Six injured in Tower Bridge lift '' , BBC News , 11 May 2009 . Sources Weinreb , Ben ; Hibbert , Christopher ; Keay , John ; Keay , Julia ( 2008 ) . The London Encyclopaedia ( 2nd ed . ) . Pan Macmillan . ISBN 978 - 1 - 405 - 04924 - 5 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tower Bridge . Official Tower Bridge Exhibition website Bridge Lift Times Winchester , Clarence , ed. ( 1938 ) . `` Building the Tower Bridge '' . Wonders of World Engineering . London : Amalgamated Press . pp. 575 -- 580 . 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Saxon London Norman and Medieval London Tudor London Stuart London 18th - century London 19th - century London 1900 -- 39 The Blitz 1945 -- 2000 21st century Events Peasants ' Revolt Black Death Great Plague Great Fire 1854 cholera outbreak Great Stink Great Exhibition 1908 Franco - British Exhibition The Battle of Cable Street Festival of Britain Great Smog Swinging London London Plan 1966 FIFA World Cup Final 7 / 7 bombings Olympic Games ( 1908 1948 2012 ) 2012 Summer Paralympics Grenfell Tower fire Government Metropolitan Board of Works London County Council Greater London Council Greater London Authority London Assembly Mayor of London London independence Services Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Service London Ambulance Service London Fire Brigade Port of London Authority London sewerage system London Underground City of London City of London Corporation Lord Mayor of the City of London Wards of the City of London Guildhall Livery Companies Lord Mayor 's Show City of London Police Bank of England Structures St Paul 's Cathedral Tower of London Palace of Whitehall Westminster Hall London Bridge Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey Big Ben The Monument Fortifications <Td_colspan="3"> Category <Th_colspan="2"> London landmarks Buildings and structures Bridges Albert Bridge Blackfriars Bridge Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges Lambeth Bridge London Bridge Millennium Footbridge Southwark Bridge Tower Bridge Vauxhall Bridge Waterloo Bridge Westminster Bridge Entertainment venues Cinemas Empire , Leicester Square BFI IMAX Odeon Leicester Square Football stadia Wembley Stadium ( national stadium ) Craven Cottage ( Fulham ) The Den ( Millwall ) Emirates Stadium ( Arsenal ) Loftus Road ( Queens Park Rangers ) Olympic Stadium ( West Ham United ) Selhurst Park ( Crystal Palace ) Stamford Bridge ( Chelsea ) The Valley ( Charlton Athletic ) White Hart Lane ( Tottenham Hotspur ) Other major sports venues All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club The Championship Course ( rowing ) Crystal Palace National Sports Centre Lord 's ( cricket ) Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park The Oval ( cricket ) Twickenham Stadium ( rugby ) Theatres London Coliseum London Palladium The Old Vic Royal National Theatre Royal Opera House Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre Royal , Drury Lane Theatre Royal Haymarket Other Alexandra Palace Brixton Academy ExCeL Hammersmith Apollo O2 Arena Royal Albert Hall Royal Festival Hall Wembley Arena Government 10 Downing Street Admiralty Arch Bank of England City Hall County Hall Guildhall Horse Guards Mansion House National Archives Old Bailey Palace of Westminster Royal Courts of Justice Scotland Yard SIS Building Museums and galleries British Museum Cutty Sark Golden Hinde HMS Belfast Imperial War Museum Madame Tussauds Museum of London National Gallery National Maritime Museum Natural History Museum Royal Academy of Arts Royal Observatory Science Museum Tate Britain Tate Modern Tower of London Victoria and Albert Museum Places of worship All Hallows - by - the - Tower BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Bevis Marks Synagogue Methodist Central Hall Regent 's Park Mosque St Martin - in - the - Fields St Mary - le - Bow St Paul 's Cathedral Southwark Cathedral Westminster Abbey Westminster Cathedral Retailing Shops Fortnum & Mason Hamleys Harrods Liberty Peter Jones Selfridges Shopping centres and markets Borough Market Brent Cross Burlington Arcade Kensington Arcade Leadenhall Market The Mall Wood Green One New Change Petticoat Lane Market Royal Exchange Westfield London Westfield Stratford City Royal buildings Partly occupied by Royal Family Buckingham Palace Clarence House Kensington Palace St James 's Palace Unoccupied Banqueting House Hampton Court Palace Kew Palace The Queen 's Gallery Royal Mews , Buckingham Palace Skyscrapers 1 Canada Square 8 Canada Square 20 Fenchurch Street 30 St Mary Axe 125 London Wall Broadgate Tower BT Tower Centre Point Citigroup Centre Heron Tower Leadenhall Building Lloyd 's building Millbank Tower Senate House The Shard Shell Centre St George Wharf Tower Strata SE1 Tower 42 Structures Albert Memorial ArcelorMittal Orbit Cleopatra 's Needle Crystal Palace transmitting station London Eye London Wall Marble Arch Monument to the Great Fire Nelson 's Column Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ( `` Eros '' ) Thames Barrier Wellington Arch Transport City Airport Heathrow Airport Charing Cross station Clapham Junction station Euston station King 's Cross station Liverpool Street station London Bridge station Paddington station St Pancras station Victoria station Waterloo station Emirates Air Line Victoria Coach Station Other Barbican Estate Battersea Power Station British Library Kew Gardens Lambeth Palace London Zoo Oxo Tower St Bartholomew 's Hospital Smithfield Market Somerset House Parks Royal Parks Bushy Park Green Park Greenwich Park Hampton Court Park Hyde Park Kensington Gardens Regent 's Park Richmond Park St. James 's Park Other Battersea Park Burgess Park Clapham Common College Green Epping Forest Finsbury Park Gunnersbury Park Hampstead Heath Holland Park Mitcham Common Osterley Park Trent Park Victoria Park Wandsworth Common Wimbledon Common Squares and public spaces Covent Garden Horse Guards Parade Leicester Square Oxford Circus Parliament Square Piccadilly Circus Sloane Square Trafalgar Square Streets Aldwych Baker Street Bishopsgate Bond Street Cannon Street Carnaby Street Chancery Lane Charing Cross Road Cheapside Cornhill Denmark Street Fenchurch Street Fleet Street Haymarket Jermyn Street Kensington High Street King 's Road Lombard Street The Mall Oxford Street Park Lane Piccadilly Portobello Road Regent Street Shaftesbury Avenue Sloane Street Strand Threadneedle Street Tottenham Court Road Victoria Embankment Whitehall <Td_colspan="2"> Buildings and structures under construction shown in italics Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_Bridge&oldid=799523514 '' Categories : Bridges and tunnels in London Bascule bridges Bridges across the River Thames Bridges completed in 1894 Grade I listed bridges Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets Museums in the London Borough of Southwark Museums in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets Steam museums in London Suspension bridges in the United Kingdom Technology museums in the United Kingdom Tower of London Transport in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets Transport in the London Borough of Southwark Tourist attractions in London Tourist attractions in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets Privately owned public spaces Hidden categories : Coordinates on Wikidata EngvarB from December 2016 Use dmy dates from February 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Articles with OS grid coordinates Articles containing video clips Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Azərbaycanca Bân - 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