fetalis cancellous epiphyses metaphysis periosteum epiphyseal ulnae epiphysis diaphysis fibulae endochondral sesamoid humeri longum hyaline tibiae femora clavicles 7474 ossification spongy medullary subchondral endosteum perichondrium femur haversian osteoid osteon dorlands
in adults most bone marrow in the long bones of the extremities contains
Long bone - Wikipedia Long bone Jump to : navigation , search <Th_colspan="2"> Long bone <Td_colspan="2"> Structure of a long bone ( Femur ) <Td_colspan="2"> Long bones in human skeleton . ( shown in red ) <Th_colspan="2"> Details <Th_colspan="2"> Identifiers Latin Os longum MeSH 52 Dorlands / Elsevier 2205 TA A02. 0.00. 011 FMA 7474 <Td_colspan="2"> Anatomical terms of bone ( edit on Wikidata ) The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide . They are one of five types of bones : long , short , flat , irregular and sesamoid . Long bones , especially the femur and tibia , are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility . They grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis , with an epiphysis at each end of the growing bone . The ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline cartilage ( `` articular cartilage '' ) . The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate . Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone ( GH ) , a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland . The long bones include the femora , tibiae , and fibulae of the legs ; the humeri , radii , and ulnae of the arms ; metacarpals and metatarsals of the hands and feet , the phalanges of the fingers and toes , and the clavicles or collar bones . The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height . The other primary skeletal component of height are the vertebrae and skull . The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum . Additionally , the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone , then a deeper layer of cancellous bone ( spongy bone ) which contains in the medullary cavity the bone marrow . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 2 Clinical significance 3 Additional images 4 References Structure ( edit ) The outer shell of the long bone is made of cortical bone also known as compact bone . This is covered by a membrane of connective tissue called the periosteum . Beneath the cortical bone layer is a layer of spongy cancellous bone . Inside this is the medullary cavity which has an inner core of bone marrow made up of yellow marrow in the adult and red marrow in the child . Clinical significance ( edit ) There are two congenital disorders of the long bones . In a disorder known as rachitis fetalis anularis the ends of the long bones ( epiphyses ) are enlarged . Another disorder is known as rachitis fetalis micromelica in which there is a deficiency in the growth ( as a shortness ) of the bones . There is a surgical procedure called distraction osteogenesis which is used to lengthen long bones . Additional images ( edit ) Long bones in human skeleton . ( shown in red ) Parts of a long bone ( Femur ) Classification of bones by shape Distribution of forces on a long bone ( Femur ) References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : al . ) , consultants Daniel Albert ... ( et ( 2012 ) . Dorland 's illustrated medical dictionary . ( 32nd ed . ) . Philadelphia , PA : Saunders / Elsevier . p. 1570 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4160 - 6257 - 8 . Stedman 's Online Medical Dictionary , 27th Edition Anatomy of long bone Wikimedia Commons has media related to Long bones . <Th_colspan="2"> ( hide ) Bone and cartilage Cartilage perichondrium fibrocartilage callus metaphysis Cells chondroblast chondrocyte Types hyaline elastic fibrous Bone Ossification Primary bone intramembranous endochondral Cells osteoblast osteoid osteocyte osteoclast Types cancellous cortical Regions subchondral bone epiphysis epiphyseal plate / metaphysis diaphysis Condyle Epicondyle Structure Osteon Haversian canals Volkmann 's canals connective tissue endosteum periosteum Sharpey 's fibres enthesis lacunae canaliculi trabeculae medullary cavity bone marrow Shapes long short flat irregular sesamoid This human musculoskeletal system article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_bone&oldid=776071640 '' Categories : Long bones Musculoskeletal system stubs Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter All stub articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Башҡортса Català Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Bahasa Indonesia Basa Jawa ქართული Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Suomi ไทย Edit links This page was last edited on 18 April 2017 , at 20 : 20 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia