kizim manarov krikalev atkov padalka romanenko spacefacts.de yeliseyev strekalov solovyev salyut malenchenko spacewalks shatalov spaceflights spacewalk foale whitson polyakov titov wakata solovyov dezhurov filipchenko manakov gennady andrian dzhanibekov gorbatko suborbital
who set a new record for the longest space flight by a woman
List of spaceflight records - wikipedia List of spaceflight records Jump to : navigation , search The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965 . This is a list of spaceflight records . Most of these records relate to human spaceflights , but some unmanned and animal records are included . Contents ( hide ) 1 First independent sub-orbital and orbital human spaceflight by country 2 Most spaceflights 3 Duration of spaceflight 3.1 Most time in space 3.2 Ten longest human space flights 3.3 Longest single flight by a woman 3.4 Longest continuous occupation of space 3.5 Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft 3.6 Longest solo flight 3.7 Longest time on lunar surface 3.8 Longest time in lunar orbit 4 Animal records 4.1 First animals in space 4.2 First animal in orbit 4.3 Longest canine single flight 4.4 First animals beyond low -- Earth orbit 5 Speed and altitude 5.1 Farthest humans from Earth 5.2 Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission 5.3 Fastest 6 Age records 6.1 Earliest - born to reach space ( suborbital flight ) 6.2 Earliest - born to go into space ( orbital flight ) 6.3 Youngest ( age during space flight ) 6.4 Oldest ( age during space flight ) 7 Spacewalks 7.1 Most spacewalks 7.2 Most spacewalks during a single mission 8 Human spaceflight firsts 9 Total time in space 10 Total human spaceflight time by country 11 Notable unmanned spaceflights 12 See also 13 References 14 External links First independent sub-orbital and orbital human spaceflight by country ( edit ) Country Mission Crew Spacecraft Launch vehicle Date Type USSR Vostok 1 Yuri Gagarin Vostok 3KA Vostok - K 12 April 1961 Orbital USA Mercury - Redstone 3 ( Freedom 7 ) Alan Shepard Mercury Spacecraft No. 7 Mercury - Redstone 5 May 1961 Sub-orbital USA Mercury - Atlas 6 ( Friendship 7 ) John Glenn Mercury Spacecraft No. 13 Atlas LV - 3B 20 February 1962 Orbital China Shenzhou 5 Yang Liwei Shenzhou spacecraft Long March 2F 15 October 2003 Orbital Most spaceflights ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) 7 spaceflights Jerry L. Ross -- USA Franklin Chang - Diaz -- Costa Rica / USA * 6 spaceflights John W. Young -- USA Story Musgrave -- USA Curtis Brown -- USA James Wetherbee -- USA Michael Foale -- United Kingdom / USA * Sergei Krikalev -- Russia Yuri Malenchenko -- Russia Note : While Young has made six spaceflights , he was launched into orbit seven times if his moon ascent on Apollo 16 is counted . * Dual citizen . Duration of spaceflight ( edit ) Most time in space ( edit ) Gennady Padalka , who has spent 879 days in space over 5 missions , became the man who spent the most time in space when he surpassed , on 28 June 2015 , the record of Sergei Krikalev who spent 803 days , 9 hours and 39 minutes , or 2.2 years in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz , the Space Shuttle , Mir , and the International Space Station . Currently , second is Yuri Malenchenko who spent 828 days in space on six spaceflights . Ten longest human space flights ( edit ) # Time in space Crew Country Launch date ( Launch craft ) Landing date ( Landing craft ) Space station or mission type 437.7 days Valery Polyakov Russia 1994 - 01 - 09 ( Soyuz TM - 18 ) 1995 - 03 - 22 ( Soyuz TM - 20 ) Mir 379.6 days Sergei Avdeyev Russia 1998 - 08 - 13 ( Soyuz TM - 28 ) 1999 - 08 - 28 ( Soyuz TM - 29 ) Mir 365.0 days Vladimir Titov Musa Manarov Soviet Union 1987 - 12 - 21 ( Soyuz TM - 4 ) 1988 - 12 - 21 ( Soyuz TM - 6 ) Mir 340.4 days Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly Russia United States 2015 - 03 - 27 ( Soyuz TMA - 16M ) 2016 - 03 - 01 ( Soyuz TMA - 18M ) International Space Station ISS year long mission 5 326.5 days Yury Romanenko Soviet Union 1987 - 02 - 05 ( Soyuz TM - 2 ) 1987 - 12 - 29 ( Soyuz TM - 3 ) Mir 6 311.8 days Sergei Krikalev Soviet Union / Russia 1991 - 05 - 18 ( Soyuz TM - 12 ) 1992 - 03 - 25 ( Soyuz TM - 13 ) Mir 7 289.2 days Peggy Whitson United States 2016 - 11 - 17 ( Soyuz MS - 03 ) 2017 - 09 - 03 ( Soyuz MS - 04 ) International Space Station 8 240.9 days Valeri Polyakov Soviet Union 1988 - 08 - 29 ( Soyuz TM - 6 ) 1989 - 04 - 7 ( Soyuz TM - 7 ) Mir 9 237.0 days Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov Soviet Union 1984 - 02 - 08 ( Soyuz T - 10 ) 1984 - 10 - 02 ( Soyuz T - 11 ) Salyut 7 10 215.4 days Mikhail Tyurin Michael López - Alegría Russia United States 2006 - 09 - 18 ( Soyuz TMA - 9 ) 2007 - 04 - 21 ( Soyuz TMA - 9 ) International Space Station Further information : Timeline of longest spaceflights Longest single flight by a woman ( edit ) Peggy Whitson , NASA Astronaut , holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman when she surpassed Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti 's 199 days , 16 hours during Expedition 52 in 2017 . She returned to Earth in September 2017 , having spent approximately 290 days in space . Third is American astronaut Sunita Williams with 195 days on the ISS where she was a member of Expedition 14 / Expedition 15 ( 2006 -- 2007 ) . Longest continuous occupation of space ( edit ) An international partnership consisting of Russia , the United States , Canada , Japan and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM - 31 was launched . Two days later it docked with the International Space Station . Since then space has been continuously occupied for 7003621600000000000 ♠ 17 years , 7 days . Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft ( edit ) The International Space Station has been continuously occupied since 2 November 2000 ( 7003621400000000000 ♠ 17 years , 5 days ) . It broke the record of 9 years 358 days of the Soviet / Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010 . Longest solo flight ( edit ) Valery Bykovsky flew for 4 days and 23 hours solo in Vostok 5 , 14 -- 19 June 1963 . The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the ( non-solo ) Gemini 5 flight . The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight , and during the Apollo 16 mission , T.K. Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours . Longest time on lunar surface ( edit ) Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes 40 seconds ( over 3 days ) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972 . They performed three EVAs ( extra-vehicular activity ) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes , 57 seconds ( as commanders were always the first one out of the LM and the last to get back in , Cernan 's EVA time was slightly longer ) . Longest time in lunar orbit ( edit ) Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours ( 148 hours ) , however for the solo portion of that flight around the Moon , T.K. Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans ' solo duration . Animal records ( edit ) Further information : Animals in space First animals in space ( edit ) Fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V - 2 rocket to an altitude of 68 miles ( 108 km ) . Also the first animals to safely return from space . First animal in orbit ( edit ) Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 November 1957 on Sputnik 2 . The technology to deorbit had not yet been developed , so there was no expectation for survival . She died several hours into flight . Belka and Strelka were the first to successfully return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960 . Longest canine single flight ( edit ) Veterok ( Ветерок , `` Light Wind '' ) and Ugolyok ( Уголёк , `` Ember '' ) were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March . First animals beyond low -- Earth orbit ( edit ) An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises , as well as wine flies and mealworms launched with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Zond 5 spacecraft . It was launched by a Proton - K rocket on 15 September 1968 . The capsule came within 2000 km of the moon and returned to Earth , the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the moon . Speed and altitude ( edit ) Farthest humans from Earth ( edit ) Apollo 13 crew ; Jim Lovell , Fred Haise , Jack Swigert while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km ( 158 mi ) from the lunar surface , were 400,171 km ( 248,655 mi ) from Earth . This record breaking distance was reached at 0 : 21 UTC on 15 April 1970 . Highest altitude for Manned non-lunar mission ( edit ) Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad , Jr and Richard F. Gordon , Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 September 1966 , at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of 739.2 nautical miles ( 1,369.0 km ) . Fastest ( edit ) See also : List of vehicle speed records § Spacecraft The Apollo 10 crew ; Thomas Stafford , John W. Young and Eugene Cernan achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans ; 39,897 km / h ( 11.082 km / s , 24,791 mph , approximately 32 times the speed of sound and approximately 0.0037 percent of the speed of light ) . The record was set 26 May 1969 . Age records ( edit ) Earliest - born to reach space ( suborbital flight ) ( edit ) Joe Walker born 20 February 1921 , on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963 . Earliest - born to go into space ( orbital flight ) ( edit ) Man -- Georgy Beregovoy born 15 April 1921 , on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968 . Woman -- Valentina Tereshkova born 6 March 1937 , on Vostok 6 on 16 -- 19 June 1963 . Youngest ( age during space flight ) ( edit ) Man -- Gherman Titov , aged 25 years , on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961 . Woman -- Valentina Tereshkova , aged 26 years on Vostok 6 on 16 -- 19 June 1963 . Oldest ( age during space flight ) ( edit ) Man -- John Glenn at age 77 , 29 October 1998 on STS - 95 . Woman -- Peggy Whitson at age 56 , 17 November 2016 on Soyuz MS - 03 . Turned 57 while in space . Spacewalks ( edit ) See also : List of cumulative spacewalk records Most spacewalks ( edit ) Man -- Anatoly Solovyev , 16 spacewalks for total of 82 hours , 21 minutes ( which is also the duration record ) . Woman -- Peggy Whitson , 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours , 21 minutes . Most spacewalks during a single mission ( edit ) 7 : Anatoly Solovyev , during the 24th Expedition on the Soviet / Russian space station Mir , in 1997 -- 98 . Two were internal `` spacewalks '' inside a depressurized module . 6 : Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov , the third crew on the Soviet space station Salyut 7 . Human spaceflight FIRSTS ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) First Person ( s ) Mission Country Date Person to reach space Person in orbit Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1 USSR 12 April 1961 Person to make suborbital flight Person to ( land ) in a spacecraft after spaceflight thus achieving the first complete human spaceflight by FAI definitions Person to pilot a craft in space Alan Shepard Freedom 7 USA 5 May 1961 Person in space for over 24 hours Multiple orbits during a spaceflight Gherman Titov Vostok 2 USSR 6 August 1961 -- 7 August 1961 Person to land ( splashdown ) in a spacecraft after orbital flight John Glenn Friendship 7 USA 20 February 1962 Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft - to - spacecraft communications Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich Vostok 3 Vostok 4 USSR 12 August 1962 -- 15 August 1962 Woman in space Civilian in space Valentina Tereshkova Vostok 6 USSR 16 June 1963 -- 19 June 1963 Spaceflight ( suborbital ) by winged spacecraft Joe Walker X-15 Flight 90 USA 19 July 1963 Person to enter space twice ( suborbital flights above 100 km ) Joe Walker X-15 Flights 90 and 91 USA 22 August 1963 Three - person spaceflight , single spacecraft Persons to land in a spacecraft on hard ground Manned flight without pressurized spacesuits Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov Voskhod 1 USSR 12 October 1964 -- 13 October 1964 Spacewalk Alexey Leonov Voskhod 2 USSR 18 March 1965 Orbital maneuvers ( change orbit ) Gus Grissom , John W. Young Gemini 3 USA 23 March 1965 Person to fly two orbital spaceflights Gordon Cooper Faith 7 Gemini 5 USA 15 May 1963 -- 16 May 1963 ; 21 August 1965 -- 29 August 1965 Persons to spend one week in space Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad Gemini 5 USA 21 August 1965 -- 29 August 1965 Space rendezvous ( orbital maneuver and station - keeping ) Four people in space Frank Borman , Jim Lovell Walter Schirra , Thomas Stafford Gemini 7 Gemini 6A USA 15 December 1965 -- 16 December 1965 Space docking Neil Armstrong David Scott Gemini 8 and Agena USA 16 March 1966 Multiple rendezvous John W. Young Michael Collins Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8 USA 19 July 1966 ; 20 July 1966 Spaceflight fatality ( during landing ) Vladimir Komarov Soyuz 1 USSR 23 April 1967 -- 24 April 1967 Person to complete three spaceflights Walter Schirra Apollo 7 ( previous flights Mercury - Atlas 8 , Gemini 6A ) USA 22 October 1968 Persons to leave Low Earth orbit ( LEO ) Persons to escape Earth 's influence Persons to enter lunar orbit Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders Apollo 8 USA 24 December 1968 -- 25 December 1968 Space docking of two manned spacecraft Dual spacewalk Сrew transfer ( Khrunov , Yeliseyev ) Vladimir Shatalov Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5 USSR 16 January 1969 Solo flight around the Moon John Young Apollo 10 USA 22 May 1969 Moon landing / planetary surface EVA Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin Apollo 11 USA 20 July 1969 Time five people are in space Georgi Shonin , Valeri Kubasov Anatoly Filipchenko , Vladislav Volkov , Viktor Gorbatko Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 USSR 12 October 1969 -- 13 October 1969 Triple spaceflight Seven - people in space Shonin , Kubasov Filipchenko , Volkov , Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov , Aleksei Yeliseyev Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8 USSR 13 October 1969 -- 16 October 1969 Person to complete four spaceflights James A. Lovell Apollo 13 ( previous flights Gemini 7 , Gemini 12 , Apollo 8 ) USA 17 April 1970 Person to fly two lunar flights Person to complete two flights beyond low -- Earth orbit James A. Lovell Apollo 13 ( previous flight Apollo 8 ) USA 11 April 1970 -- 17 April 1970 People to spend two weeks in space Night launch Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov Soyuz 9 USSR 1 June 1970 -- 19 June 1970 People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell Apollo 14 USA 6 February 1971 Docking with space station Night landing Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov Soyuz 10 docked with Salyut 1 ( soft dock ) USSR 22 April 1971 -- 24 April 1971 Manned space station Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov Soyuz 11 docked with Salyut 1 USSR 7 June 1971 -- 29 June 1971 In - space fatalities Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov Soyuz 11 USSR 29 June 1971 People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth . Dave Scott Jim Irwin Apollo 15 USA 31 July 1971 -- 2 August 1971 EVA in outer space outside Low Earth orbit ( trans - Earth trajectory ) Al Worden Apollo 15 USA 5 August 1971 Person twice in lunar orbit ( during separate lunar expeditions ) John W. Young Apollo 16 ( previous flight Apollo 10 ) USA 16 April 1972 -- 27 April 1972 People in orbit for four weeks Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz Skylab 2 USA 25 May 1973 -- 22 June 1973 People in orbit for eight weeks Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott Skylab 3 USA 28 July 1973 -- 25 September 1973 People in orbit for 12 weeks Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson Skylab 4 USA 16 November 1973 -- 8 February 1974 Spaceflight aborted during liftoff ( at 145 kilometers ( 90 mi ) altitude ) Re-entry ( emergency ) with 20 g acceleration Vasily Lazarev , Oleg Makarov Soyuz 18a USSR 5 April 1975 Crew to visit occupied space station Vladimir Dzhanibekov , Oleg Makarov Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO - 1 crew USSR 10 January 1978 -- 16 January 1978 People in orbit 19 weeks ( 4 months ) Vladimir Kovalyonok , Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Salyut 6 EO - 2 , Soyuz 29 - Soyuz 31 USSR 15 June 1978 -- 2 November 1978 People in orbit 26 weeks ( 6 months ) Leonid Popov , Valery Ryumin Salyut 6 EO - 4 , Soyuz 35 - Soyuz 37 USSR 9 April 1980 -- 11 October 1980 Spaceflight ( orbital ) by winged spacecraft John W. Young Robert L. Crippen STS - 1 USA 12 April 1981 Person to fly four different types of spacecraft John W. Young STS - 1 ( previous flights in Gemini , Apollo , and Lunar Module ) USA 12 April 1981 Person to complete five spaceflights John W. Young STS - 1 ( previous flights Gemini 3 , Gemini 10 , Apollo 10 , Apollo 16 ) USA 14 April 1981 Four - person spaceflight , single spacecraft Vance Brand , Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen , William B. Lenoir STS - 5 USA 11 November 1982 -- 16 November 1982 Five - person spaceflight , single spacecraft Robert L. Crippen , Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian , Sally K. Ride , Norman E. Thagard STS - 7 USA 18 June 1983 -- 24 June 1983 Six - person spaceflight , single spacecraft John W. Young , Brewster H. Shaw , Owen K. Garriott , Robert A. Parker , Byron K. Lichtenberg -- USA Ulf Merbold -- Germany ( European Space Agency ) STS - 9 USA West Germany 28 November 1983 -- 8 December 1983 Person to complete six spaceflights John W. Young STS - 9 ( previous flights Gemini 3 , Gemini 10 , Apollo 10 , Apollo 16 , STS - 1 ) USA 8 December 1983 Untethered spacewalk Bruce McCandless II STS - 41 - B USA 7 February 1984 Time eight people in space , no docking Oleg Atkov , Leonid Kizim , Vladimir Solovyov -- USSR Vance D. Brand , Robert L. Gibson , Bruce McCandless II , Ronald McNair , Robert L. Stewart -- USA Salyut 7 EO - 3 , Soyuz T - 10 , STS - 41 - B USSR USA 8 February 1984 -- 11 February 1984 Time 11 people in space , no docking Oleg Atkov , Leonid D. Kizim , Yury Malyshev , Vladimir Solovyov , Gennady Strekalov -- USSR Robert L. Crippen , Terry J. Hart , George Nelson , Francis Scobee , James van Hoften -- USA Rakesh Sharma -- India STS - 41 - C , Salyut 7 EO - 3 , Soyuz T - 10 - Soyuz T - 11 USSR USA India 6 April 1984 -- 11 April 1984 People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission Leonid Kizim , Vladimir Solovyov Salyut 7 USSR 26 April -- 18 May 1984 Spacewalk by woman Svetlana Savitskaya Soyuz T - 12 USSR 25 July 1984 People in orbit 33 weeks ( 7 months ) Leonid Kizim , Vladimir Solovyov , Oleg Atkov Salyut 7 EO - 3 , Soyuz T - 10 - Soyuz T - 11 USSR 8 February 1984 -- 2 October 1984 Seven person spaceflight , single spacecraft Robert L. Crippen , Jon A. McBride , Kathryn D. Sullivan , Sally K. Ride , David C. Leestma , Paul D. Scully - Power -- USA Marc Garneau -- Canada STS - 41 - G USA Canada 5 October 1984 -- 13 October 1984 Time two women in space Kathryn D. Sullivan , Sally K. Ride STS - 41 - G USA 5 October 1984 -- 13 October 1984 Partial crew exchange at a space station Alexander Volkov , Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov Soyuz T - 14 , Salyut 7 USSR 17 September 1985 -- 26 September 1985 Eight person spaceflight , single spacecraft Henry W. Hartsfield , Steven R. Nagel , Bonnie J. Dunbar , James F. Buchli , Guion S. Bluford -- USA Reinhard Furrer , Ernst Messerschmid -- West Germany Wubbo Ockels -- Netherlands ( European Space Agency ) STS - 61 - A USA West Germany Netherlands 30 October 1985 -- 6 November 1985 Fatalities during launch Francis `` Dick '' Scobee Michael J. Smith Ellison Onizuka Judith Resnik Ronald McNair Sharon Christa McAuliffe Gregory Jarvis STS - 51 - L USA 28 January 1986 Space station to space station flight / Space station to space station return flight / Expedition on two space stations Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Soyuz T - 15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir USSR 15 March 1986 -- 16 July 1986 Complete crew exchange at a space station Vladimir Titov , Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko , Alexander Alexandrov Soyuz TM - 4 - Soyuz TM - 2 , Soyuz TM - 3 , at Mir USSR 21 December 1987 -- 29 December 1987 People in orbit 52 weeks ( one year ) Vladimir Titov , Musa Manarov Mir EO - 3 , Soyuz TM - 4 - Soyuz TM - 6 USSR 21 December 1987 -- 21 December 1988 Time 12 people in space ; no docking Shuttle : Vance Brand , Samuel Durrance , Guy S. Gardner , Jeffrey A. Hoffman , John M. Lounge , Ronald Parise , Robert A. Parker -- USA Mir : Gennady Manakov , Gennady Strekalov -- Russia Soyuz and Soyuz / Mir : Musa Manarov , Viktor Afanasyev -- Russia Toyohiro Akiyama -- Japan STS - 35 , Mir EO - 7 , Soyuz TM - 10 - Soyuz TM - 11 USSR USA Japan 2 December 1990 -- 10 December 1990 Time three women in space Millie Hughes - Fulford , Tamara E. Jernigan , M. Rhea Seddon STS - 40 USA 5 June 1991 -- 14 June 1991 Three - person spacewalk Pierre J. Thuot , Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers STS - 49 USA 13 May 1992 Time 13 people in space ; no docking Shuttle : Steve Oswald , William Gregory , John Grunsfeld , Wendy Lawrence , Tammy Jernigan , Sam Durrance , Ron Parise -- USA Mir : Aleksandr Viktorenko , Yelena Kondakova , Valeriy Polyakov -- Russia Soyuz / Mir : Vladimir Dezhurov , Gennady Strekalov -- Russia Norman E. Thagard -- USA STS - 67 , Mir , Soyuz TM - 20 , Soyuz TM - 21 USA Russia 14 March 1995 -- 18 March 1995 Time ten people in one spacecraft ; docking Robert L. Gibson , Charles J. Precourt , Ellen S. Baker , Bonnie J. Dunbar , Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard -- USA Anatoly Solovyev , Nikolai Budarin , Vladimir Dezhurov , Gennady Strekalov -- Russia STS - 71 , Mir , Soyuz TM - 21 USA Russia 29 June 1995 -- 4 July 1995 Space tourist Dennis Tito Soyuz TM - 32 / 31 , ISS EP - 1 USA Russia April 28 , 2001 -- May 6 , 2001 Person to complete seven trips to space Jerry L. Ross STS - 110 ( previous flights STS - 61B , STS - 27 , STS - 37 , STS - 55 , STS - 74 , STS - 88 ) USA 19 April 2002 Citizen of an independent African country in space Mark Shuttleworth Soyuz TM - 34 South Africa 25 April 2002 - 5 May 2002 Privately funded human space flight ( suborbital ) Mike Melvill SpaceShipOne flight 15P USA 21 June 2004 Time 13 people in one spacecraft ; docking Michael Barratt , Mark L. Polansky , Douglas G. Hurley , Christopher J. Cassidy , Thomas H. Marshburn , David Wolf , Timothy Kopra -- USA Gennady Padalka , Roman Romanenko -- Russia Robert Thirsk , Julie Payette -- Canada Frank De Winne -- Belgium ( European Space Agency ) Koichi Wakata -- Japan ISS , Soyuz TMA - 14 , Soyuz TMA - 15 , STS - 127 USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan 17 July 2009 Four women in space at once Shuttle : Dorothy Metcalf - Lindenburger , Stephanie Wilson -- USA Naoko Yamazaki -- Japan ISS : Tracy Caldwell Dyson -- USA STS - 131 ISS Expedition 23 USA Japan 5 April 2010 -- 20 April 2010 Total time in space ( edit ) This section 's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on Talk : List of spaceflight records . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced . ( October 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The following is a list of the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space , as of 3 September 2017 . Travelers currently in space are ranked by total time in space of their completed missions only . Color - key : Currently in space Active Retired Deceased Rank Person Days Flights Status Nationality Gennady Padalka 878.480 5 Retired Russia Yuri Malenchenko 827.389 6 Retired Russia Sergei Krikalev 803.371 6 Retired Soviet Union / Russia Alexandr Kaleri 769.276 5 Active Russia 5 Sergei Avdeyev 747.593 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 6 Valeriy Polyakov 678.690 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 7 Fyodor Yurchikhin 672.860 5 Active Russia 8 Peggy A. Whitson 665.932 Active United States 9 Anatoly Solovyev 651.117 5 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 10 Viktor Afanasyev 555.772 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 11 Yury Usachev 552.773 Retired Russia 12 Sergey Volkov 547.931 Retired Russia 13 Pavel Vinogradov 546.939 Active Russia 14 Musa Manarov 541.021 Retired Soviet Union ( Azerbaijan ) 15 Jeffrey Williams 534.116 Active United States 16 Oleg Kononenko 533.000 Active Russia 17 Mikhail Tyurin 532.118 Active Russia 18 Oleg Kotov 526.211 Retired Russia 19 Scott Kelly 520.440 Retired United States 20 Mikhail Borisovich Korniyenko 516.417 Active Russia 21 Alexander Viktorenko 489.066 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 22 Nikolai Budarin 444.060 Retired Russia 23 Yuri Romanenko 430.765 Retired Soviet Union 24 Alexander Volkov 391.495 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 25 Yuri I. Onufrienko 389.282 Retired Russia 26 Vladimir G. Titov 387.036 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 27 Vasili Tsibliyev 381.662 Retired Russia 28 Valery G. Korzun 381.653 Retired Russia 29 Michael Fincke 381.633 Active United States 30 Leonid Kizim 374.749 Deceased Soviet Union 31 Michael Foale 373.763 6 Retired United States / United Kingdom 32 Aleksandr Serebrov 372.954 Deceased Soviet Union / Russia 33 Valeri Ryumin 371.725 Retired Soviet Union / Russia 34 Donald Pettit 369.696 Active United States 35 Anton Shkaplerov 365.001 Active Russia 36 Vladimir Solovyov 361.952 Retired Soviet Union 37 Thomas Reiter 350.239 Retired Germany 38 Koichi Wakata 347.356 Active Japan 39 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Skvortsov 345.267 Active Russia 40 Talgat Musabayev 341.408 Retired Russia 41 Oleg Novitskiy 340.419 Active Russia 42 Andrei Borisenko 337.377 Active Russia 43 Maksim Surayev 334.508 Retired Russia 44 Roman Romanenko 333.459 Retired Russia 45 Vladimir Lyakhov 333.324 Retired Soviet Union 46 Oleg Skripochka 331.521 Active Russia 47 Aleksandr Samokutyayev 331.474 Retired Russia 48 Yuri P. Gidzenko 329.950 Retired Russia 49 Sunita Williams 321.719 Active United States 50 Gennadi Manakov 309.889 Retired Soviet Union / Russia Total human spaceflight time by country ( edit ) Total Human Spaceflight statistics by nation Nation Total persons Total person flights Total in orbit ( @ update ) Total person days % of Total person days TOTAL 551 1247 6 50893.75 - Russia Soviet Union 122 266 26888.11 0.528318458861964 United States 338 847 19232.15 0.3778881559224 ESA ( show ) Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 39 63 2734.61 0.0537317111143447 Japan 11 19 - 1186.54 0.0233140249640924 Italy 7 12 728.77 0.0143194973339673 Germany 11 15 - 658.97 0.0129479712754931 France 10 18 - 628.92 0.0123576073818738 Canada 9 17 - 506.14 0.00994510592087971 Netherlands - 210.69 0.00413980638701864 Belgium - 207.65 0.00408016416035082 United Kingdom - 193.81 0.00380809681705871 China 11 14 - 165.35 0.00324896629265525 Switzerland - 42.50 0.000835113978208871 Sweden - 26.73 0.000525290963173486 Spain - 18.78 0.000369042247187836 Israel - 15.93 0.000313015941377244 Ukraine - 15.69 0.000308294776786289 Bulgaria - 11.80 0.000231828284394045 Malaysia - 10.88 0.000213857839982805 South Korea - 10.88 0.000213857839982805 South Africa - 9.89 0.000194372802306837 Brazil - 9.89 0.000194263642431902 Denmark - 9.84 0.000193404008416786 Kazakhstan - 9.84 0.000193404008416786 Afghanistan - 8.85 0.000173918970740818 Syria - 7.96 0.000156426100782421 Czechoslovakia - 7.93 0.000155771141532808 Austria - 7.93 0.000155716561595341 Poland - 7.92 0.000155580111751671 Slovakia - 7.91 0.00015549824184547 India - 7.90 0.000155279922095599 Hungary - 7.86 0.000154529447955418 Cuba - 7.86 0.000154502157986684 Mongolia - 7.86 0.000154488513002317 Vietnam - 7.86 0.000154488513002317 Romania - 7.86 0.00015447486801795 Saudi Arabia - 7.07 0.000138878650886556 Mexico - 6.88 0.000135139925170019 <Td_colspan="3"> Astronauts currently in space : Mark Thomas Vande Hei Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Misurkin Paolo Angelo Nespoli Sergei Nikolayevich Ryazansky Joseph Michael Acaba Randolph James `` Randy '' Bresnik <Td_colspan="3"> Crew Vehicles currently in space : Soyuz MS - 05 Soyuz MS - 06 <Td_colspan="6"> Table data accurate as of 2017 - 11 - 07 05 : 05 UTC <Td_colspan="6"> * includes those in orbit at time table was updated + TOTAL person days in orbit will not match the sum of the totals for individual nations as some individuals are dual citizens ( based solely on those identified as such by spacefacts.de - see table references ) . Notable unmanned spaceflights ( edit ) Further information : List of unmanned spacecraft by program In reference to : Spacecraft Event Origin Date Earth MW 18014 ( A-4 ( V - 2 ) ) First rocket to reach space ( suborbital flight ) . Germany 20 June 1944 Earth V - 2 No. 20 First living organisms ( fruit flies ) in space ( suborbital flight ) successfully recovered . USA 20 February 1947 Earth R - 1V First mammals ( dogs ) in space ( suborbital flight ) successfully recovered . USSR 22 July 1951 Earth Sputnik 1 First satellite in orbit . USSR 4 October 1957 Earth Sputnik 2 First animal in orbit , Laika the dog . USSR 3 November 1957 Earth Vanguard 1 Oldest satellite still in orbit -- expected to stay in orbit 240 years . Ceased transmission in May 1964 . USA 17 March 1958 Earth Pioneer 1 Failed to reach the moon as intended , but reached a record -- setting distance of 113,800 km from Earth . USA 11 October 1958 Earth Jupiter AM - 13 First monkey in space . USA 13 December 1958 Earth Luna 1 First spacecraft to reach Earth 's escape velocity . USSR 4 January 1959 Moon Luna 1 First flyby , dist. of 5,995 km . USSR 4 January 1959 Sun Luna 1 First spacecraft in heliocentric orbit . USSR 4 January 1959 Moon Luna 2 First impact . USSR 14 September 1959 Moon Luna 3 First image of lunar far - side . USSR 7 October 1959 Earth Discoverer 13 First satellite recovered from orbit . USA 11 August 1960 Earth Korabl - Sputnik 2 First living beings recovered from orbit . USSR 19 August 1960 Venus Venera 1 First flyby , dist. of 100,000 km ( lost communication contact before ) . USSR 19 May 1961 Moon Ranger 4 First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon . USA 26 April 1962 Venus Mariner 2 First planetary flyby , dist. of 34,762 km ( with communication contact ) . USA 14 December 1962 Earth Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 Oldest spacecraft still in use , 50 yrs as of 2015 USA 6 May 1965 Mars Mariner 4 First Mars flyby , first planetary imaging , dist. of 9,846 km . USA 14 July 1965 Earth Astérix First satellite launched independently by a nation other than the US or USSR ( other nations had previously flown satellites launched on American rockets ) . France 26 November 1965 Moon Luna 9 First soft landing , first pictures from lunar surface . USSR 3 February 1966 Venus Venera 3 First impact . USSR 1 March 1966 Moon Luna 10 First orbiter . USSR 3 April 1966 Docking Cosmos 186 , Cosmos 188 First automated docking of unmanned spacecraft . USSR 30 October 1967 Moon Zond 5 First to circle the Moon and return to land on Earth . First animals to circle the Moon . USSR 15 September 1968 Moon Luna 16 First automated sample return . USSR 24 September 1970 Moon Luna 17 First automated roving vehicle -- Lunokhod 1 . USSR 17 November 1970 Venus Venera 7 First soft landing . USSR 15 December 1970 Mars Mariner 9 First orbiter . USA 14 November 1971 Mars Mars 2 First impact . USSR 27 November 1971 Mars Mars 3 First soft landing , telemetry signal for 20 seconds before transmissions ceased . USSR 2 December 1971 Sun Pioneer 10 First spacecraft to reach Sun 's escape velocity . USA 3 March 1972 Jupiter Pioneer 10 First flyby , dist. of 132,000 km . USA 4 December 1973 Mercury Mariner 10 First flyby , dist. of 703 km . USA 29 March 1974 Venus Venera 9 First orbiter . First surface - level imaging of another planet . USSR 22 October 1975 Sun Helios 2 Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the sun , 252,792 km / h . Closest ever approach to the sun at a record distance of 0.29 AU ( 43 million km ) , slightly inside the orbit of Mercury . Record still unbeaten as of November 2009 but to be beaten by the future Solar Orbiter probe ( 0.23 AU / 33 million km ) . West Germany USA 17 April 1976 Mars Viking 1 First surface - level imaging of Mars . USA 20 July 1976 Saturn Pioneer 11 First flyby , dist. of 21,000 km . USA 1 September 1979 Venus Venera 13 First sound record on another planet . USSR 1 March 1982 Trans - Neptunian region Pioneer 10 First spacecraft to travel past the orbit of Neptune , the furthest major planet from the sun . USA 13 June 1983 Venus Vega 1 First helium balloon atmospheric probe . USSR 11 June 1985 Comet Giacobini - Zinner International Cometary Explorer ( ICE ) First flyby through comet tail , dist. of 7,800 km , no pictures . USA 11 September 1985 Uranus Voyager 2 First flyby , dist. of 81,500 km . USA 24 January 1986 Comet Halley Vega 1 First comet flyby with pictures returned , dist. of 8,890 km . USSR 6 March 1986 Orbital Spaceplane Buran First fully automated orbital flight of a spaceplane ( with airstrip landing ) . USSR 15 November 1988 Phobos Phobos 2 First flyby , dist. of 860 km . USSR 21 February 1989 Neptune Voyager 2 First flyby , dist. of 40,000 km . USA 25 August 1989 951 Gaspra Galileo First asteroid flyby , dist. of 1,600 km . USA 29 October 1991 Jupiter Galileo probe First impact . USA 7 December 1995 Jupiter Galileo First orbiter . USA 8 December 1995 Mars Mars Pathfinder First automated roving vehicle -- Sojourner . USA 4 July 1997 433 Eros NEAR Shoemaker First asteroid orbiter . USA 14 February 2000 433 Eros NEAR Shoemaker First asteroid soft landing . USA 12 February 2001 Saturn Cassini orbiter First orbiter . ESA USA 1 July 2004 Solar wind Genesis First sample return from farther than the Moon . USA 8 September 2004 Titan Huygens probe First soft landing . ESA USA 14 January 2005 Comet Tempel 1 Deep Impact First comet impact . USA 4 July 2005 25143 Itokawa Hayabusa First asteroid ascent . First interplanetary escape without undercarriage cutoff . Japan 19 November 2005 81P / Wild Stardust First sample return from comet . USA 15 January 2006 Farthest distance from Earth Voyager 1 At greatest distance from Sun , 20.479 billion km . USA As of November 2016 Longest time in operation Voyager 2 Longest operating space probe , since August 1977 USA As of 2015 Earth to Venus trajectory IKAROS First interplanetary solar sail . Japan set sail on 10 June 2010 25143 Itokawa Hayabusa First sample return from asteroid . Japan 13 June 2010 Mercury MESSENGER First orbiter . USA 17 March 2011 Earth -- Sun L2 Lagrangian point Chang'e 2 First object to reach the L2 Lagrangian point directly from lunar orbit . China 25 August 2011 International Space Station SpaceX Dragon First commercial spacecraft to berth with the International Space Station . SpaceX 25 May 2012 Interstellar Medium Voyager 1 First spacecraft to cross the Heliopause , exiting the Heliosphere and entering interstellar space . USA 25 August 2012 4179 Toutatis Chang'e 2 First object to reach asteroid directly from Sun - Earth Langrangian point . First probe to explore both Moon and asteroid . China 13 December 2012 67P / Churyumov -- Gerasimenko Rosetta First comet orbiter . ESA 6 August 2014 67P / Churyumov -- Gerasimenko Philae First comet soft landing . ESA 12 November 2014 Ceres Dawn First dwarf planet orbiter . USA 6 March 2015 Mars Opportunity Longest distance traveled on surface of another world -- 26.219 miles ( 42.195 km ) ( marathon - length ) USA 23 March 2015 ( ongoing ) Mercury MESSENGER First impact . USA 30 April 2015 Pluto New Horizons First flyby of Pluto , Charon , Nix , Hydra , Kerberos , and Styx , first up - close images of Pluto system , first images of Pluto and Charon 's surfaces , first spacecraft to explore the Kuiper belt . USA 14 July 2015 All 9 planets in the pre-IAU 2006 redefinition version of the Solar System All United States spacecrafts including New Horizons With the New Horizons flyby of Pluto , the United States is the first nation to have its space probes to explore all 9 planets in the pre-2006 IAU redefinition version of the Solar System . USA 14 July 2015 Earth Juno Fastest man - made object relative to Earth , ca. 265,000 km / h . USA 4 July 2016 Earth Falcon 9 First reflight of orbital class rocket . SpaceX 30 March 2017 See also ( edit ) Spaceflight portal List of cumulative spacewalk records List of International Space Station spacewalks List of Mir spacewalks List of spacewalkers List of spacewalks 2000 -- 2014 List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965 -- 1999 List of spacewalks since 2015 Manned Maneuvering Unit Omega Speedmaster Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue Space suit Suitport References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Gebhardt , Chris ( 12 April 2011 ) . `` Anniversaries : 50 years of human spaceflight -- 30 years for Shuttle '' . NASASpaceFlight ( not affiliated with NASA ) . Retrieved 22 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Mercury - Redstone 3 ( Freedom 7 ) '' . NASA . 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 22 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Mercury - Atlas 6 ( Friendship 7 ) '' . NASA . 20 November 2006 . Retrieved 22 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Making History : China 's First Human Spaceflight '' . Space.com. 28 September 2005 . Retrieved 22 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Wall , Mike ( 11 March 2015 ) . `` The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records '' . Space.com . Retrieved 26 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Astronaut Biography '' . NASA . ^ Jump up to : NASA ( 2005 ) . `` Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev Biography '' . NASA . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 04 . Jump up ^ NASA ( 2005 ) . `` Krikalev Sets Time - in - Space Record '' . NASA . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 04 . Jump up ^ Thompson , Curtiss ( 29 June 2015 ) . `` Russian Cosmonaut Sets Record For Most Time Spent In Space '' . Penny4NASA . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Russian astronaut record - breaker Padalka returns to Earth , BBC News , 12 September 2015 ^ Jump up to : Schwirtz , Michael ( 2009 - 03 - 30 ) . `` Staying Put on Earth , Taking a Step to Mars '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 15 . ^ Jump up to : Pearlman , Robert ( 26 March 2015 ) . `` One Year in Space : A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth '' . Space.com . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Carroll , Michael ( 2015 ) . Living Among Giants : Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System . Springer . p. 195 . ISBN 3319106732 . ^ Jump up to : Leary , Warren ( 4 Feb 1994 ) . `` Man in the News : Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev ; Symbol of New Cooperation '' . Cape Canaveral : New York Times . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Soyuz MS - 04 lands as Peggy Whitson ends record - breaking mission '' . NASASpaceflight. 2 Sep 2017 . Retrieved 4 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Dunn , Marcia ( 28 Dec 1997 ) . `` Mischief a Specialty for Mir 's Doctor in Residence '' . Associated Press . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Pearlman , Robert ( 17 June 2010 ) . `` Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim , Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission , Dies '' . Space.com . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Wenz , John ( 27 March 2015 ) . `` 5 Things You Must Know About Scott Kelly 's Year in Space '' . Popular Mechanics . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) , NPR Jump up ^ American Astronaut Peggy Whitson Sets Record for Women in Space , James Rogers , Fox News Channel , Apr 24 2017 Jump up ^ Tariq Malik ( 2007 ) . `` Orbital Champ : ISS Astronaut Sets New U.S. Spacewalk Record '' . Space.com . Jump up ^ `` Astronaut Bio : Sunita Williams ( 5 / 2008 ) '' . NASA Logo National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : `` 10 Years and Counting '' . NASA . 28 October 2010 . Retrieved 22 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Astronautic World Records : Spacecraft with one astronaut -- General category '' . Fédération Aéronautique Internationale . This only counts the duration of solo flight within a mission , so a longer mission with solo flight , such as Apollo 17 at 12d + 13h duration is surpassed because the solo undocked duration was only 3d + 7h . ) ^ Jump up to : `` Mission Report : Apollo 17 -- The Most Productive Lunar Expedition '' ( PDF ) . NASA . Retrieved 21 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronal Evans Biographical Data '' . NASA . April 1990 . Retrieved 21 June 2015 . longest time in lunar orbit , 147 hours , 48 minutes ^ Jump up to : Tate , Karl . `` Cosmic Menagerie : A History of Animals in Space ( Infographic ) '' ( infographic ) . Space.com . Retrieved June 28 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Apollo 13 The Seventh Mission : The Third Lunar Landing Attempt 11 April -- 17 April 1970 '' . NASA . Retrieved 7 November 2015 . Jump up ^ Dumoulin , Jim ( August 25 , 2000 ) , NASA Project Gemini - XI , retrieved April 12 , 2010 Jump up ^ News , ABC . `` ABC News '' . Jump up ^ `` GCTC , Biographies of Cosmonauts : Solovyev , Anatoly Yakovlevich '' . Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ Spacewalking astronauts pull off urgent station repairs , May 23 , 2017 Jump up ^ `` ISS astronauts complete 200th station EVA for maintenance tasks '' . NASASpaceflight.com. 12 May 2017 . Retrieved 13 May 2017 . Jump up ^ Spacefacts ( 2017 ) . `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts with EVA Experience ( sorted by `` EVA Time '' ) `` . Spacefacts . Retrieved May 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` MAJOR SPACE `` FIRSTS ' - AN AMERICAN ASSESSMENT '' ( PDF ) . Flight . 91 ( 3028 ) : 459 . 1967 - 03 - 23 . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts ( sorted by `` Time in Space '' ) `` . spacefacts.de . The current missions are listed but not included in day count . Jump up ^ Northon , Karen ( 2016 - 03 - 11 ) . `` Astronaut Scott Kelly to Retire from NASA in April '' . NASA . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 01 . Jump up ^ Michael Foale holds dual U.S. / British citizenship . Jump up ^ `` Astronauts and Cosmonauts flown in space ( in alphabetical order ) '' . spacefacts.de . The alphabetical list of astronauts provides the `` Total Persons '' `` Total Person Flights '' as well as the `` Total person days '' , excepting the time of astronauts currently in orbit Jump up ^ `` Manned spaceflights '' . spacefacts.de . The flight list allows is searched to determine which flight is in orbit , and when it reached orbit . This allows determination of `` Total in orbit ( @ update ) and update the `` Total person days '' accordingly . Jump up ^ `` R - 1V '' . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Asif A. Siddiqi . `` Challenge to Apollo '' ( PDF ) . NASA . ; see page . 253 Jump up ^ Williamson , Mark ( 1998 ) . `` Protecting the space environment : Are we doing enough ? '' . Space Policy . 14 ( 1 ) : 5 -- 8 . doi : 10.1016 / S0265 - 9646 ( 97 ) 00038 - 6 . Jump up ^ `` Where are the Voyagers ? '' . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 27 . Because Earth moves around the sun faster than Voyager 1 is traveling from Earth , the distance between Earth and the spacecraft actually decreases at certain times of the year . Jump up ^ `` Ching'e 2 to reaches liberation point 2 '' . 2011 - 08 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` China 's space probe flies by asteroid Toutatis '' . Chinadaily. com. cn. 16 December 2012 . Jump up ^ esa . `` Rosetta arrives at comet destination '' . Jump up ^ `` Philae probe makes historic comet landing '' . 12 November 2014 -- via www.bbc.com . Jump up ^ CNN , Amanda Barnett . `` NASA 's Dawn spacecraft begins orbiting Ceres '' . Jump up ^ CNN , Euan McKirdy . `` Opportunity rover celebrates marathon milestone '' . Jump up ^ Corum , Jonathan ( 30 April 2015 ) . `` Messenger 's Collision Course With Mercury '' -- via NYTimes.com . Jump up ^ `` Fastest - Ever Spacecraft to Arrive at Jupiter Tonight '' . Jump up ^ `` Used SpaceX Rocket Launches Satellite , Then Lands in Historic 1st Reflight '' . 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