ginkgolide tetrahydrofolate proteinogenic acea dnqx licostinel kaitocephalin cnqx nbqx enflurane isocyanide aminomuconic r.h.a 3h2 ketobutyric sarcosine gga kynurenine ionotropic isoflurane ibotenic pregnenolone complexing kynurenic dihydropyridines rapastinel acromelate tezampanel pnqx glyx
what two functional groups are present in glycine
Glycine - wikipedia Glycine Jump to : navigation , search `` Gly '' redirects here . For the unit of measurement , see light - year . For the plant genus , see Glycine ( plant ) . Glycine <Td_colspan="2"> <Td_colspan="2"> <Th_colspan="2"> Names <Td_colspan="2"> Preferred IUPAC name Glycine <Td_colspan="2"> Systematic IUPAC name Aminoethanoic acid <Td_colspan="2"> Other names Aminoacetic acid Glycocoll <Th_colspan="2"> Identifiers CAS Number 56 - 40 - 6 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image Abbreviations Gly , G ChEBI CHEBI : 15428 ChemSpider 730 DrugBank DB00145 ECHA InfoCard 100.000. 248 EC Number 200 - 272 - 2 IUPHAR / BPS 727 KEGG D00011 PubChem CID 750 UNII TE7660XO1C <Td_colspan="2"> InChI ( show ) InChI = 1S / C2H5NO2 / c3 - 1 - 2 ( 4 ) 5 / h1 , 3H2 , ( H , 4 , 5 ) Key : DHMQDGOQFOQNFH - UHFFFAOYSA - N InChI = 1 / C2H5NO2 / c3 - 1 - 2 ( 4 ) 5 / h1 , 3H2 , ( H , 4 , 5 ) Key : DHMQDGOQFOQNFH - UHFFFAOYAW <Td_colspan="2"> SMILES ( show ) C ( C ( = O ) O ) N <Th_colspan="2"> Properties Chemical formula C H NO Molar mass 75.07 g / mol Appearance white solid Density 1.607 g / cm Melting point 233 ° C ( 451 ° F ; 506 K ) ( decomposition ) Solubility in water 24.99 g / 100 mL ( 25 ° C ) Solubility soluble in pyridine sparingly soluble in ethanol insoluble in ether Acidity ( pK ) 2.34 ( carboxyl ) , 9.6 ( amino ) Magnetic susceptibility ( χ ) - 40.3 10 cm / mol <Th_colspan="2"> Pharmacology ATC code B05CX03 ( WHO ) <Th_colspan="2"> Hazards Safety data sheet See : data page <Td_colspan="2"> Lethal dose or concentration ( LD , LC ) : LD ( median dose ) 2600 mg / kg ( mouse , oral ) <Th_colspan="2"> Supplementary data page Structure and properties Refractive index ( n ) , Dielectric constant ( ε ) , etc . Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour solid -- liquid -- gas Spectral data UV , IR , NMR , MS <Td_colspan="2"> Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . <Td_colspan="2"> Y verify ( what is ? ) <Td_colspan="2"> Infobox references Glycine ( abbreviated as Gly or G ) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain . It is the simplest possible amino acid . The chemical formula of glycine is NH ‐ CH ‐ COOH . Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids . In the genetic code , all codons starting with GG , namely GGU , GGC , GGA , GGG , code for glycine . Glycine is a colorless , sweet - tasting crystalline solid . It is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid . It can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments , due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom . The acyl radical is glycyl . Glycine is a white crystalline solid Contents ( hide ) 1 History and etymology 2 Production 3 Acid - base properties 4 Metabolism 4.1 Biosynthesis 4.2 Degradation 5 Physiological function 5.1 As a biosynthetic intermediate 5.2 As a neurotransmitter 6 Uses 6.1 Animal and human foods 6.2 Cosmetics and miscellaneous applications 6.3 Chemical feedstock 6.4 Laboratory research 7 Presence in space 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links History and etymology ( edit ) Glycine was discovered in 1820 by Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid . He originally called it `` sugar of gelatin '' , but a student of Liebig showed that it contained Nitrogen , and Berzelius renamed it `` glycine '' . The name comes from the Greek word γλυκύς `` sweet tasting '' ( which is also related to the prefixes glyco - and gluco - , as in glycoprotein and glucose ) . Another early name for glycine was `` glycocoll '' . Production ( edit ) Although glycine can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein , this is not used for industrial production , as it can be manufactured more conveniently by chemical synthesis . The two main processes are amination of chloroacetic acid with ammonia , giving glycine and ammonium chloride , and the Strecker amino acid synthesis , which is the main synthetic method in the United States and Japan . About 15 thousand tonnes are produced annually in this way . Glycine is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA , arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct . Acid - base properties ( edit ) In aqueous solution , glycine itself is amphoteric : at low pH the molecule can be protonated with a pK of about 2.4 and at high pH it loses a proton with a pK of about 9.6 ( precise values of pK depend on temperature and ionic strength ) . Metabolism ( edit ) Biosynthesis ( edit ) Glycine is not essential to the human diet , as it is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine , which is in turn derived from 3 - phosphoglycerate , but the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis . In most organisms , the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyses this transformation via the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate : serine + tetrahydrofolate → glycine + N , N - Methylene tetrahydrofolate + H O In the liver of vertebrates , glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase ( also called glycine cleavage enzyme ) . This conversion is readily reversible : CO + NH + 4 + N , N - Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H ⇌ Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD Degradation ( edit ) Glycine is degraded via three pathways . The predominant pathway in animals and plants is the reverse of the glycine synthase pathway mentioned above . In this context , the enzyme system involved is usually called the glycine cleavage system : Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD ⇌ CO + NH + 4 + N , N - Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H In the second pathway , glycine is degraded in two steps . The first step is the reverse of glycine biosynthesis from serine with serine hydroxymethyl transferase . Serine is then converted to pyruvate by serine dehydratase . In the third pathway of glycine degradation , glycine is converted to glyoxylate by D - amino acid oxidase . Glyoxylate is then oxidized by hepatic lactate dehydrogenase to oxalate in an NAD - dependent reaction . The half - life of glycine and its elimination from the body varies significantly based on dose . In one study , the half - life varied between 0.5 and 4.0 hours . Physiological function ( edit ) The principal function of glycine is as a precursor to proteins . Most proteins incorporate only small quantities of glycine , a notable exception being collagen , which contains about 35 % glycine due to its periodically repeated role in the formation of collagen 's helix structure in conjunction with hydroxyproline . In the genetic code , glycine is coded by all codons starting with GG , namely GGU , GGC , GGA and GGG . As a biosynthetic intermediate ( edit ) In higher eukaryotes , δ - aminolevulinic acid , the key precursor to porphyrins , is biosynthesized from glycine and succinyl - CoA by the enzyme ALA synthase . Glycine provides the central C N subunit of all purines . As a neurotransmitter ( edit ) Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system , especially in the spinal cord , brainstem , and retina . When glycine receptors are activated , chloride enters the neuron via ionotropic receptors , causing an Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ( IPSP ) . Strychnine is a strong antagonist at ionotropic glycine receptors , whereas bicuculline is a weak one . Glycine is a required co-agonist along with glutamate for NMDA receptors . In contrast to the inhibitory role of glycine in the spinal cord , this behaviour is facilitated at the ( NMDA ) glutamatergic receptors which are excitatory . The LD of glycine is 7930 mg / kg in rats ( oral ) , and it usually causes death by hyperexcitability . Uses ( edit ) In the US , glycine is typically sold in two grades : United States Pharmacopeia ( `` USP '' ) , and technical grade . USP grade sales account for approximately 80 to 85 percent of the U.S. market for glycine . Where the customer 's purity requirements exceed the minimum required under the USP standard , for example for some pharmaceutical applications such as intravenous injections , pharmaceutical grade glycine , often produced to proprietary specifications and typically sold at a premium over USP grade glycine , may be used . Technical grade glycine , which may or may not meet USP grade standards , is sold at a lower price for use in industrial applications ; e.g. , as an agent in metal complexing and finishing . Animal and human foods ( edit ) USP glycine has a wide variety of uses , including as an additive in pet food and animal feed , in foods and pharmaceuticals as a sweetener / taste enhancer , or as a component of food supplements and protein drinks . Certain pharmaceutical formulations include glycine to improve gastric absorption of the active ingredient . Cosmetics and miscellaneous applications ( edit ) Glycine serves as a buffering agent in antacids , analgesics , antiperspirants , cosmetics , and toiletries . A variety of industrial and chemical processes use glycine or its derivatives , such as the production of fertilizers and metal complexing agents . Chemical feedstock ( edit ) Glycine is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products . It is used in the manufacture of the herbicide glyphosate . Laboratory Research ( edit ) Glycine is a significant component of some solutions used in the SDS - PAGE method of protein analysis . It serves as a buffering agent , maintaining pH and preventing sample damage during electrophoresis . Glycine is also used to remove protein - labeling antibodies from Western blot membranes to enable the probing of numerous proteins of interest from SDS - PAGE gel . This allows more data to be drawn from the same specimen , increasing the reliability of the data , reducing the amount of sample processing , and number of samples required . This process is known as stripping . Presence in space ( edit ) The presence of glycine outside the earth was confirmed in 2009 , based on the analysis of samples that had been taken in 2004 by the NASA spacecraft Stardust from comet Wild 2 and subsequently returned to earth . Glycine had previously been identified in the Murchison meteorite in 1970 . The discovery of cometary glycine bolstered the theory of panspermia , which claims that the `` building blocks '' of life are widespread throughout the Universe . In 2016 , detection of glycine within Comet 67P / Churyumov - Gerasimenko by the Rosetta spacecraft was announced . The detection of glycine outside the solar system in the interstellar medium has been debated . In 2008 , the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy discovered the glycine - like molecule aminoacetonitrile in the Large Molecule Heimat , a giant gas cloud near the galactic center in the constellation Sagittarius . See also ( edit ) Trimethylglycine Amino acid neurotransmitter References ( edit ) Jump up ^ The Merck Index : An Encyclopedia of Chemicals , Drugs , and Biologicals ( 11th ed . ) , Merck , 1989 , ISBN 091191028X , 4386 . Jump up ^ `` Solubilities and densities '' . Prowl.rockefeller.edu . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 13 . Jump up ^ Dawson , R.M.C. , et al. , Data for Biochemical Research , Oxford , Clarendon Press , 1959 . Jump up ^ R.H.A. Plimmer ( 1912 ) ( 1908 ) . R.H.A. Plimmer ; F.G. Hopkins , eds . The chemical composition of the proteins . Monographs on biochemistry . Part I. Analysis ( 2nd ed . ) . London : Longmans , Green and Co. p. 82 . Retrieved January 18 , 2010 . Jump up ^ MacKenzie , Colin ( 1822 ) . One Thousand Experiments in Chemistry : With Illustrations of Natural Phenomena ; and Practical Observations on the Manufacturing and Chemical Processes at Present Pursued in the Successful Cultivation of the Useful Arts ... Sir R. Phillips and Company . Jump up ^ Nye , Mary Jo ( 1999 ) . Before Big Science : The Pursuit of Modern Chemistry and Physics , 1800 - 1940 . Harvard University Press . ISBN 9780674063822 . Jump up ^ `` glycine '' . Oxford Dictionaries . Retrieved 2015 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ Ihde , Aaron J. ( 1970 ) . The Development of Modern Chemistry . Courier Corporation . ISBN 9780486642352 . Jump up ^ Okafor , Nduka ( 2016 - 03 - 09 ) . Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology . CRC Press . ISBN 9781439843239 . Jump up ^ Ingersoll , A.W. ; Babcock , S.H. ( 1932 ) . `` Hippuric acid '' . Org . Synth. 12 : 40 . ; Coll . Vol. , 2 , p. 328 Jump up ^ Wiley ( 2007 - 12 - 14 ) . Kirk - Othmer Food and Feed Technology , 2 Volume Set . John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 9780470174487 . Jump up ^ `` Glycine Conference ( prelim ) '' . USITC . Archived from the original on 2012 - 02 - 22 . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 13 . CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ Drauz , Karlheinz ; Grayson , Ian ; Kleemann , Axel ; Krimmer , Hans - Peter ; Leuchtenberger , Wolfgang and Weckbecker , Christoph ( 2007 ) `` Amino Acids '' in Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , Wiley - VCH , Weinheim . doi : 10.1002 / 14356007. a02_057. pub2 Jump up ^ Hart , J. Roger ( 2005 ) `` Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Related Chelating Agents '' in Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , Wiley - VCH , Weinheim . doi : 10.1002 / 14356007. a10_095 Jump up ^ Meléndez - Hevia , E ; De Paz - Lugo , P ; Cornish - Bowden , A ; Cárdenas , M.L. ( December 2009 ) . `` A weak link in metabolism : the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis '' . Journal of biosciences. 34 ( 6 ) : 853 -- 72 . doi : 10.1007 / s12038 - 009 - 0100 - 9 . PMID 20093739 . ^ Jump up to : Nelson , David L. ; Cox , Michael M. ( 2005 ) , Principles of Biochemistry ( 4th ed . ) , New York : W. H. Freeman , pp. 127 , 675 -- 77 , 844 , 854 , ISBN 0 - 7167 - 4339 - 6 ^ Jump up to : Hahn RG ( 1993 ) . `` Dose - dependent half - life of glycine '' . Urological Research . 21 ( 4 ) : 289 -- 291 . doi : 10.1007 / BF00307714 . PMID 8212419 . Jump up ^ Szpak , Paul ( 2011 ) . `` Fish bone chemistry and ultrastructure : implications for taphonomy and stable isotope analysis '' . Journal of Archaeological Science . 38 ( 12 ) : 3358 -- 3372 . doi : 10.1016 / j. jas. 2011.07. 022 . Jump up ^ `` Recent development in NMDA receptors '' . Chinese Medical Journal . 2000 . Jump up ^ `` Safety ( MSDS ) data for glycine '' . The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University . 2005 . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` Glycine From Japan and Korea '' ( PDF ) . U.S. International Trade Commission . January 2008 . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 13 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` Notice of Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value : Glycine From India '' Federal Register 72 ( 7 November 2007 ) : 62827 . Jump up ^ Stahl , Shannon S. ; Alsters , Paul L. ( 2016 - 07 - 13 ) . Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis : Industrial Applications and Academic Perspectives . John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 9783527690152 . Jump up ^ Kvenvolden , Keith A. ; Lawless , James ; Pering , Katherine ; Peterson , Etta ; Flores , Jose ; Ponnamperuma , Cyril ; Kaplan , Isaac R. ; Moore , Carleton ( 1970 ) . `` Evidence for extraterrestrial amino - acids and hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite '' . Nature . 228 ( 5275 ) : 923 -- 926 . Bibcode : 1970Natur. 228 ... 923K . doi : 10.1038 / 228923a0 . PMID 5482102 . Jump up ^ Reuters ( 18 August 2009 ) . `` Building block of life found on comet - Thomson Reuters 2009 '' . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 18 . Jump up ^ European Space Agency ( 27 May 2016 ) . `` Rosetta 's comet contains ingredients for life '' . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 05 . Jump up ^ Snyder LE , Lovas FJ , Hollis JM , et al. ( 2005 ) . `` A rigorous attempt to verify interstellar glycine '' . Astrophys J. 619 ( 2 ) : 914 -- 930 . arXiv : astro - ph / 0410335 . Bibcode : 2005ApJ ... 619 ... 914S . doi : 10.1086 / 426677 . Jump up ^ Staff . `` Organic Molecule , Amino Acid - Like , Found In Constellation Sagittarius 27 March 2008 - Science Daily '' . Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 16 . Further reading ( edit ) Kuan YJ , Charnley SB , Huang HC , et al. ( 2003 ) . `` Interstellar glycine '' . Astrophys J. 593 ( 2 ) : 848 -- 867 . Bibcode : 2003ApJ ... 593 ... 848K . doi : 10.1086 / 375637 . Rachel Nowak . `` Amino acid found in deep space - 18 July 2002 - New Scientist '' . Retrieved 2007 - 07 - 01 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glycine . Glycine MS Spectrum Glycine at PDRHealth.com Glycine cleavage system Glycine Therapy - A New Direction for Schizophrenia Treatment ? `` Organic Molecule , Amino Acid - Like , Found In Constellation Sagittarius '' . ScienceDaily. 27 March 2008 . Guochuan E. Tsai ( 1 December 2008 ) . `` A New Class of Antipsychotic Drugs : Enhancing Neurotransmission Mediated by NMDA Receptors '' . Psychiatric Times . 25 ( 14 ) . ChemSub Online ( Glycine ) . NASA scientists have discovered glycine , a fundamental building block of life , in samples of comet Wild 2 returned by NASA 's Stardust spacecraft . <Th_colspan="3"> The encoded amino acid General topics Protein Peptide Genetic code By properties Aliphatic Branched - chain amino acids ( Valine Isoleucine Leucine ) Methionine Alanine Proline Glycine Aromatic Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan Histidine Polar , uncharged Asparagine Glutamine Serine Threonine Positive charge ( pK ) Lysine ( ≈ 10.8 ) Arginine ( ≈ 12.5 ) Histidine ( ≈ 6.1 ) Negative charge ( pK ) Aspartic acid ( ≈ 3.9 ) Glutamic acid ( ≈ 4.1 ) Cysteine ( ≈ 8.3 ) Tyrosine ( ≈ 10.1 ) Other classifications Essential amino acid Ketogenic amino acid Glucogenic amino acid Non-proteinogenic amino acid <Th_colspan="2"> Amino acid metabolism metabolic intermediates K → acetyl - CoA lysine → Saccharopine Allysine α - Aminoadipic acid α - Ketoadipate Glutaryl - CoA Glutaconyl - CoA Crotonyl - CoA β - Hydroxybutyryl - CoA leucine → α - Ketoisocaproic acid β - hydroxy β - methylbutyric acid β - hydroxy β - methylbutyryl - CoA Isovaleryl - CoA 3 - Methylcrotonyl - CoA 3 - Methylglutaconyl - CoA HMG - CoA tryptophan → alanine → N ' - Formylkynurenine Kynurenine Anthranilic acid 3 - Hydroxykynurenine 3 - Hydroxyanthranilic acid 2 - Amino - 3 - carboxymuconic semialdehyde 2 - Aminomuconic semialdehyde 2 - Aminomuconic acid Glutaryl - CoA G → pyruvate → citrate glycine → serine → 3 - Phosphoglyceric acid glycine → creatine : Glycocyamine Phosphocreatine Creatinine G → glutamate → α - ketoglutarate histidine → Urocanic acid Imidazol - 4 - one - 5 - propionic acid Formiminoglutamic acid Glutamate - 1 - semialdehyde proline → 1 - Pyrroline - 5 - carboxylic acid arginine → Agmatine Ornithine Citrulline Cadaverine Putrescine other cysteine + glutamate → glutathione : γ - Glutamylcysteine G → propionyl - CoA → succinyl - CoA valine → α - Ketoisovaleric acid Isobutyryl - CoA Methacrylyl - CoA 3 - Hydroxyisobutyryl - CoA 3 - Hydroxyisobutyric acid 2 - Methyl - 3 - oxopropanoic acid isoleucine → 2 , 3 - Dihydroxy - 3 - methylpentanoic acid 2 - Methylbutyryl - CoA Tiglyl - CoA 2 - Methylacetoacetyl - CoA methionine → generation of homocysteine : S - Adenosyl methionine S - Adenosyl - L - homocysteine Homocysteine conversion to cysteine : Cystathionine alpha - Ketobutyric acid + Cysteine threonine → α - Ketobutyric acid propionyl - CoA → Methylmalonyl - CoA G → fumarate phenylalanine → tyrosine → 4 - Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid Homogentisic acid 4 - Maleylacetoacetic acid G → oxaloacetate see urea cycle Other Cysteine metabolism Cysteine sulfinic acid <Th_colspan="2"> Neurotransmitters Amino acid - derived Major excitatory / inhibitory systems : Glutamate system : Agmatine Aspartic acid ( aspartate ) Cycloserine Glutamic acid ( glutamate ) Glutathione Glycine GSNO GSSG Kynurenic acid NAA NAAG Proline Serine ; GABA system : GABA GABOB GHB ; Glycine system : α - Alanine β - Alanine Glycine Hypotaurine Proline Sarcosine Serine Taurine ; GHB system : GHB T - HCA ( GHC ) Biogenic amines : Monoamines : 6 - OHM Dopamine Epinephrine ( adrenaline ) NAS ( normelatonin ) Norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) Serotonin ( 5 - HT ) ; Trace amines : 3 - Iodothyronamine N - Methylphenethylamine N - Methyltryptamine m - Octopamine p - Octopamine Phenylethanolamine Phenethylamine Synephrine Tryptamine m - Tyramine p - Tyramine ; Others : Histamine Neuropeptides : See here instead . Lipid - derived Endocannabinoids : 2 - AG 2 - AGE ( noladin ether ) 2 - ALPI 2 - OG AA - 5 - HT Anandamide ( AEA ) DEA LPI NADA NAGly OEA Oleamide PEA RVD - Hpα SEA Virodhamine ( O - AEA ) Neurosteroids : See here instead . Nucleobase - derived Nucleosides : Adenosine system : Adenosine ADP AMP ATP Vitamin - derived Cholinergic system : Acetylcholine Miscellaneous Gasotransmitters : Carbon monoxide ( CO ) Hydrogen sulfide ( H S ) Nitric oxide ( NO ) ; Candidates : Acetaldehyde Ammonia ( NH ) Carbonyl sulfide ( COS ) Nitrous oxide ( N O ) Sulfur dioxide ( SO ) <Th_colspan="2"> Glycine receptor modulators Receptor ( ligands ) GlyR Agonists : β - Alanine β - ABA ( BABA ) β - AIBA Caesium D - Alanine D - Serine GABA Glycine Hypotaurine Ivermectin L - Alanine L - Proline L - Serine L - Threonine MDL - 27531 Milacemide Picolinic acid Propofol Quisqualamine Sarcosine Taurine Positive modulators : Alcohols ( e.g. , brometone , chlorobutanol ( chloretone ) , ethanol ( alcohol ) , tert - butanol ( 2M2P ) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol ) Alkylbenzene sulfonate Anandamide Barbiturates ( e.g. , pentobarbital , sodium thiopental ) Chlormethiazole D12 - 116 Dihydropyridines ( e.g. , nicardipine ) Etomidate Ginseng constituents ( e.g. , ginsenosides ( e.g. , ginsenoside - Rf ) ) Glutamic acid ( glutamate ) Ivermectin Ketamine Neuroactive steroids ( e.g. , alfaxolone , pregnenolone ( eltanolone ) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG - 20599 ) Nitrous oxide Penicillin G Propofol Tamoxifen Tetrahydrocannabinol Triclofos Tropeines ( e.g. , atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , LY - 278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron ) Volatiles / gases ( e.g. , chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether ( ether ) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane ( methyl chloroform ) , trichloroethylene ) Xenon Zinc Antagonists : 2 - Aminostrychnine 2 - Nitrostrychnine 4 - Phenyl - 4 - formyl - N - methylpiperidine αEMBTL Bicuculline Brucine Cacotheline Caffeine Colchicine Colubrine Cyanotriphenylborate Dendrobine Diaboline Endocannabinoids ( e.g. , 2 - AG , anandamide ( AEA ) ) Gaboxadol ( THIP ) Gelsemine iso - THAZ Isobutyric acid Isonipecotic acid Isostrychnine Laudanosine N - Methylbicuculline N - Methylstrychnine N , N - Dimethylmuscimol Nipecotic acid Pitrazepin Pseudostrychnine Quinolines ( e.g. , 4 - hydroxyquinoline , 4 - hydroxyquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid , 5 , 7 - CIQA , 7 - CIQ , 7 - TFQ , 7 - TFQA ) RU - 5135 Sinomenine Strychnine Thiocolchicoside Tutin Negative modulators : Amiloride Benzodiazepines ( e.g. , bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam ) Corymine Cyanotriphenylborate Daidzein Dihydropyridines ( e.g. , nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine ) Furosemide Genistein Ginkgo constituents ( e.g. , bilobalide , ginkgolides ( e.g. , ginkgolide A , ginkgolide B , ginkgolide C , ginkgolide J , ginkgolide M ) ) Imipramine NBQX Neuroactive steroids ( e.g. , 3α - androsterone sulfate , 3β - androsterone sulfate , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone ) Opioids ( e.g. , codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine ) Picrotoxin ( i.e. , picrotin and picrotoxinin ) PMBA Riluzole Tropeines ( e.g. , bemesetron , LY - 278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron ) Verapamil Zinc NMDAR See here instead . Transporter ( blockers ) GlyT1 ACPPB ALX - 1393 ALX - 5407 ( NFPS ) AMG - 747 ASP2535 Bitopertin ( RG1678 / RO4917838 ) CP - 802079 Ethanol ( alcohol ) Glycyldodecylamide GSK1018921 LY - 2365109 ORG - 24598 ORG - 25935 ( SCH - 900435 ) PF - 02545920 PF - 03463275 PF - 04958242 Sarcosine SSR - 103,800 SSR - 504,734 GlyT2 Amoxapine Ethanol ( alcohol ) NAGly Opiranserin ( VVZ - 149 ) ORG - 25543 VVZ - 368 <Td_colspan="2"> See also Receptor / signaling modulators GABA receptor modulators GABA receptor positive modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators <Th_colspan="2"> Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators AMPAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Fluorowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA BOAA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Proline Quisqualic acid Willardiine ; Positive allosteric modulators : Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX - 516 CX - 546 CX - 614 Farampator ( CX - 691 , ORG - 24448 ) CX - 717 CX - 1739 CX - 1942 Diazoxide Hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) IDRA - 21 LY - 392098 LY - 395153 LY - 404187 LY - 451646 LY - 503430 Mibampator ( LY - 451395 ) Nooglutyl ORG - 26576 Oxiracetam PEPA PF - 04958242 Piracetam Pramiracetam S - 18986 Tulrampator ( S - 47445 , CX - 1632 ) Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 ATPO Becampanel Caroverine CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX Fanapanel ( MPQX ) GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Kynurenine Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) NBQX PNQX Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate YM90K Zonampanel ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g. , pentobarbital , sodium thiopental ) Cyclopropane Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue GYKI - 52466 GYKI - 53655 Halothane Irampanel Isoflurane Perampanel Pregnenolone sulfate Sevoflurane Talampanel ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : Minocycline KAR Agonists : Main site agonists : 5 - Bromowillardiine 5 - Iodowillardiine Acromelic acid ( acromelate ) AMPA ATPA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Kainic acid LY - 339434 Proline Quisqualic acid SYM - 2081 ; Positive allosteric modulators : Cyclothiazide Diazoxide Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Antagonists : ACEA - 1011 CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LY - 382884 NBQX NS102 Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate UBP - 302 ; Negative allosteric modulators : Barbiturates ( e.g. , pentobarbital , sodium thiopental ) Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Evans blue NS - 3763 Pregnenolone sulfate NMDAR Agonists : Main site agonists : AMAA Aspartate Glutamate Homocysteic acid ( L - HCA ) Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Proline Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine Theanine ; Glycine site agonists : β - Fluoro - D - alanine ACBD ACC ( ACPC ) ACPD AK - 51 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) B6B21 CCG D - Alanine D - Cycloserine D - Serine DHPG Dimethylglycine Glycine HA - 966 L - 687414 L - Alanine L - Serine Milacemide Neboglamine ( nebostinel ) Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) Sarcosine ; Polyamine site agonists : Neomycin Spermidine Spermine ; Other positive allosteric modulators : 24S - Hydroxycholesterol DHEA ( prasterone ) DHEA sulfate ( prasterone sulfate ) Epipregnanolone sulfate Pregnenolone sulfate SAGE - 718 Antagonists : Competitive antagonists : AP5 ( APV ) AP7 CGP - 37849 CGP - 39551 CGP - 39653 CGP - 40116 CGS - 19755 CPP Kaitocephalin LY - 233053 LY - 235959 LY - 274614 MDL - 100453 Midafotel ( d - CPPene ) NPC - 12626 NPC - 17742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ - 220581 Selfotel ; Glycine site antagonists : 4 - Cl - KYN ( AV - 101 ) 5 , 7 - DCKA 7 - CKA ACC ACEA - 1011 ACEA - 1328 Apimostinel ( NRX - 1074 ) AV - 101 Carisoprodol CGP - 39653 CNQX D - Cycloserine DNQX Felbamate Gavestinel GV - 196771 Harkoseride Kynurenic acid Kynurenine L - 689560 L - 701324 Licostinel ( ACEA - 1021 ) LU - 73068 MDL - 105519 Meprobamate MRZ 2 / 576 PNQX Rapastinel ( GLYX - 13 ) ZD - 9379 ; Polyamine site antagonists : Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine ; Uncompetitive pore blockers ( mostly dizocilpine site ) : 2 - MDP 3 - HO - PCP 3 - MeO - PCE 3 - MeO - PCMo 3 - MeO - PCP 4 - MeO - PCP 8A - PDHQ 18 - MC α - Endopsychosin Alaproclate Alazocine ( SKF - 10047 ) Amantadine Aptiganel Argiotoxin - 636 Arketamine ARL - 12495 ARL - 15896 - AR ARL - 16247 Budipine Coronaridine Delucemine ( NPS - 1506 ) Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dextromethadone Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Dieticyclidine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Ephenidine Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Fluorolintane Gacyclidine Ibogaine Ibogamine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Lanicemine Levomethadone Levomethorphan Levomilnacipran Levorphanol Loperamide Memantine Methadone Methorphan Methoxetamine Methoxphenidine Milnacipran Morphanol NEFA Neramexane Nitromemantine Noribogaine Norketamine Orphenadrine PCPr PD - 137889 Pethidine ( meperidine ) Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tabernanthine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol ; Ifenprodil ( NR2B ) site antagonists : Besonprodil Buphenine ( nylidrin ) CO-101244 ( PD - 174494 ) Eliprodil Haloperidol Isoxsuprine Radiprodil ( RGH - 896 ) Rislenemdaz ( CERC - 301 , MK - 0657 ) Ro 8 - 4304 Ro 25 - 6981 Safaprodil Traxoprodil ( CP - 101606 ) ; NR2A - selective antagonists : MPX - 004 MPX - 007 TCN - 201 TCN - 213 ; Cations : Hydrogen Magnesium Zinc ; Alcohols / volatile anesthetics / related : Benzene Butane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol ( alcohol ) Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene ; Unknown / unsorted antagonists : ARR - 15896 Bumetanide Caroverine D - αAA Dexanabinol Flufenamic acid Flupirtine FPL - 12495 FR - 115427 Furosemide Hodgkinsine Ipenoxazone ( MLV - 6976 ) MDL - 27266 Metaphit Minocycline MPEP Niflumic acid Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate Piretanide Psychotridine Transcrocetin ( saffron ) <Td_colspan="2"> See also : Receptor / signaling modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism / transport modulators <Th_colspan="2"> Molecules detected in outer space Molecules Diatomic Aluminium monochloride Aluminium monofluoride Aluminium monoxide Argonium Carbon monophosphide Carbon monosulfide Carbon monoxide Carborundum Cyanogen radical Diatomic carbon Fluoromethylidynium Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen ( molecular ) Hydroxyl radical Iron ( II ) oxide Magnesium monohydride cation Methylidyne radical Nitric oxide Nitrogen ( molecular ) Nitrogen monohydride Nitrogen sulfide Oxygen ( molecular ) Phosphorus monoxide Phosphorus mononitride Potassium chloride Silicon carbide Silicon mononitride Silicon monoxide Silicon monosulfide Sodium chloride Sodium iodide Sulfur monohydride Sulfur monoxide Titanium oxide Triatomic Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium isocyanide Amino radical Carbon dioxide Carbonyl sulfide CCP radical Chloronium Diazenylium Dicarbon monoxide Disilicon carbide Ethynyl radical Formyl radical Hydrogen cyanide ( HCN ) Hydrogen isocyanide ( HNC ) Hydrogen sulfide Hydroperoxyl Iron cyanide Isoformyl Magnesium cyanide Magnesium isocyanide Methylene radical Nitrous oxide Nitroxyl Ozone Phosphaethyne Potassium cyanide Protonated molecular hydrogen Sodium cyanide Sodium hydroxide Silicon carbonitride c - Silicon dicarbide Silicon naphthalocyanine Sulfur dioxide Thioformyl Thioxoethenylidene Titanium dioxide Tricarbon Water Four atoms Acetylene Ammonia Cyanic acid Cyanoethynyl Cyclopropynylidyne Formaldehyde Fulminic acid HCCN Hydrogen peroxide Hydromagnesium isocyanide Isocyanic acid Isothiocyanic acid Ketenyl Methylene amidogen Methyl radical Propynylidyne Protonated carbon dioxide Protonated hydrogen cyanide Silicon tricarbide Thioformaldehyde Tricarbon monoxide Tricarbon sulfide Thiocyanic acid Five atoms Ammonium ion Butadiynyl Carbodiimide Cyanamide Cyanoacetylene Cyanoformaldehyde Cyanomethyl Cyclopropenylidene Formic acid Isocyanoacetylene Ketene Methane Methoxy radical Methylenimine Propadienylidene Protonated formaldehyde Protonated formaldehyde Silane Silicon - carbide cluster Six atoms Acetonitrile Cyanobutadiynyl radical E-Cyanomethanimine Cyclopropenone Diacetylene Ethylene Formamide HC N Ketenimine Methanethiol Methanol Methyl isocyanide Pentynylidyne Propynal Protonated cyanoacetylene Seven atoms Acetaldehyde Acrylonitrile Vinyl cyanide Cyanodiacetylene Ethylene oxide Hexatriynyl radical Methylacetylene Methylamine Methyl isocyanate Vinyl alcohol Eight atoms Acetic acid Aminoacetonitrile Cyanoallene Ethanimine Glycolaldehyde Heptatrienyl radical Hexapentaenylidene Methylcyanoacetylene Methyl formate Propenal Nine atoms Acetamide Cyanohexatriyne Cyanotriacetylene Dimethyl ether Ethanol Methyldiacetylene Octatetraynyl radical Propene Propionitrile Ten atoms or more Acetone Benzene Buckminsterfullerene ( C fullerene , buckyball ) C fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyanopentaacetylene Cyanotetra - acetylene Ethylene glycol Ethyl formate Methyl acetate Methyl - cyano - diacetylene Methyltriacetylene Propanal n - Propyl cyanide Pyrimidine Deuterated molecules Ammonia Ammonium ion Formaldehyde Formyl radical Heavy water Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen deuteride Hydrogen isocyanide Methylacetylene Trihydrogen cation Unconfirmed Anthracene Dihydroxyacetone Ethyl methyl ether Glycine Graphene H NCO Linear C Naphthalene cation Phosphine Pyrene Silylidine Related Abiogenesis Astrobiology Astrochemistry Atomic and molecular astrophysics Chemical formula Circumstellar envelope Cosmic dust Cosmic ray Cosmochemistry Diffuse interstellar band Earliest known life forms Extraterrestrial life Extraterrestrial liquid water Forbidden mechanism Helium hydride ion Homochirality Intergalactic dust Interplanetary medium Interstellar medium Photodissociation region Iron -- sulfur world theory Kerogen Molecules in stars Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Organic compound Outer space PAH world hypothesis Panspermia Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) RNA world hypothesis Spectroscopy Tholin <Td_colspan="2"> Book : Chemistry Category : Astrochemistry Category : Molecules Portal : Astrobiology Portal : Astronomy Portal : Chemistry GND : 4157727 - 9 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glycine&oldid=806344801 '' Categories : Flavor enhancers Glucogenic amino acids Neurotransmitters Proteinogenic amino acids Glycine receptor agonists NMDA receptor agonists Hidden categories : CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata Chemical articles having a data page Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kurdî Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Sicilianu Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt West - 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