article: On September 1, 2000, the mother of a physically and developmentally disabled individual filed a lawsuit under § 1983 against the Director of Illinois Department of Public Aid (IDPA) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The Plaintiff, represented by Prairie State Legal Services, alleged that a reduction in the level of private-duty nursing provided to her son at home would violate the federal Medicaid statute and deprive her son of due process of the law in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Plaintiff sought declaratory and injunctive relief. The Plaintiff's son was diagnosed with brain cancer as a child; as a result of the cancer, a stroke, and subsequent treatment, he presented a very complex medical case requiring round-the-clock care and about 25 medications per day. From the time between when the Plaintiff's private medical insurance terminated and the time her son turned twenty-one, the Plaintiff's son received sixteen hours of in-home nursing per day under the Medicaid Program for Medically Fragile, Technology Dependent Children (MFTDC program). After he turned twenty-one, the Department of Healthcare and Family Services (HFS) reduced this to five hours of in-home nursing per day. The Plaintiff desired community-based treatment, and state treatment professionals found that it was appropriate. The cost of care for the Plaintiff's son in a hospital ($29,000 per month) would exceed the cost of care in his home ($20,000 per month). On September 1, 2000, the district court (Judge James B. Zagel) granted the Plaintiff's motion for a temporary restraining order, requiring IDPA to continue funding at-home care. However, on November 6, 2000 the court denied the Plaintiff’s request for a preliminary injunction, holding that her complaint did not state a viable federal claim. The Plaintiff appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, also requesting an injunction pending appeal. However, in February 2001, amendments to the Illinois State Medicaid Plan eliminated private duty nursing care as a service provided under the state plan. Consequently, the Seventh Circuit ordered the District Court to vacate its judgment on the merits and dismiss all previous orders as moot. On December 1, 2001, the Plaintiff again filed suit against IDPA, this time in the Circuit Court of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit, DuPage County, Illinois. The original claim alleged violations of various Illinois state laws. After adding claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act ("RA"), the Plaintiff moved the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on December 14, 2001. On April 30, 2002, the Court (Judge John W. Darrah) granted in part and denied in part the Plaintiffs' motion to remand to state court. The Court remanded Plaintiffs' state law claims and retained jurisdiction of Plaintiffs' federal law claims. The Federal Court granted Defendants' motion for judging on the pleadings on September 10, 2002. The Court held that the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals' holding in Walker v. Snyder, 213 F.3d 344 (7th Cir. 2000), required that Plaintiffs' ADA claim under Title II fail. The Court also dismissed Plaintiffs' RA claims, holding that the RA does not require the State to create and fund a program that does not already exist; instead, the RA requires even-handed treatment of developmentally and physically disabled persons relative to persons who do not have disabilities. On September 8, 2004, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals (Judge Ilana Rovner) reversed the District Court and remanded the case for further proceedings. Radaszewski v. Garner, 383 F.3d 599 (7th Cir. 2004). First, the Court recognized that the Supreme Court's holding in Board of Trustees of Univ. of Alabama v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356 (2001) recognized the right of a private plaintiff to assert an ADA claim for injunctive relief against a state official in federal court. The Court then proceeded to the merits of Plaintiff's claim and concluded that the Court held that the District Court erred in entering judgment on the pleadings in Defendants' favor. On March 29, 2006, the District Court found that there was no final enforceable settlement agreement between the parties. Radaszewski v. Maram, 2006 WL 861243 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 29, 2006). The parties had exchanged numerous settlement offers, both written and verbal, and had submitted memoranda regarding the status of the settlement proceedings. The parties had disagreed about whether an enforceable settlement agreement had been reached. There was a bench trial beginning September 10, 2007. At the time of trial, the Plaintiff's son was receiving 16 hours of private-duty nursing per day pursuant to the injunction entered by the state court. The Court issued its findings of fact and conclusions of law after the bench trial on March 26, 2008. Radaszewski v. Maram, 2008 WL 2097382 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 26, 2008). The Court held that Plaintiff had sufficiently stated and proved a claim under the ADA and RA. The Court entered judgment in Plaintiff's favor; the parties were ordered to meet, confer, and submit a proposed order setting forth appropriate relief consistent with the Court's opinion. On May 9, 2008, the Court issued a permanent injunction. The order enjoined the Defendant from reducing coverage for Plaintiff's son to fewer than sixteen hours per day of skilled nursing services at his parents' home. Plaintiff was also awarded costs and fees, and the Court retained jurisdiction for purposes of enforcing the injunction. The case is now closed, and there has been no further litigation.
summary: This case was brought on behalf of a developmentally and physically disabled individual against various Illinois state officials alleging that his rights were violated when in-home nursing services were greatly reduced when he turned twenty-one. The Court entered judgment for Plaintiff in March 2008, resulting in a permanent injunction.