article: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Oversight and Resource Enhancement Act of 2006''. TITLE I--ENHANCEMENT OF RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES SEC. 101. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE COURT MATTERS. (a) Authority for Additional Judges.--Section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)) is amended-- (1) by inserting ``(1)'' after ``(a)''; (2) in paragraph (1), as so designated, by inserting ``at least'' before ``seven of the United States judicial circuits''; (3) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (4) and indenting such paragraph, as so designated, accordingly; and (4) by inserting after paragraph (1), as so designated, the following new paragraph: ``(2) In addition to the judges designated under paragraph (1), the Chief Justice of the United States may designate as judges of the court established by paragraph (1) such judges appointed under Article III of the Constitution of the United States as the Chief Justice determines appropriate in order to provide for the prompt and timely consideration under section 105 of applications under section 104 for electronic surveillance under this title. Any judge designated under this paragraph shall be designated publicly.''. (b) Consideration of Emergency Applications.--Such section is further amended by inserting after paragraph (2), as added by subsection (a) of this section, the following new paragraph: ``(3) A judge of the court established by paragraph (1) shall make a determination to approve, deny, or seek modification of an application submitted under section subsection (f) or (g) of section 105 not later than 24 hours after the receipt of such application by the court.''. SEC. 102. ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL FOR PREPARATION AND CONSIDERATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS APPROVING ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE. (a) Office of Intelligence Policy and Review.-- (1) Additional personnel.--The Office of Intelligence Policy and Review of the Department of Justice is authorized such additional personnel, including not fewer than 21 full- time attorneys, as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation, modification, and review of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. (2) Assignment.--The Attorney General shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among appropriate offices of the National Security Agency in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Agency in preparing applications described in that paragraph. (b) Federal Bureau of Investigation.-- (1) Additional legal and other personnel.--The National Security Branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. (2) Assignment.--The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among the field offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Bureau in such field offices in preparing applications described in that paragraph. (c) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for National Security Agency.--The National Security Agency is authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. (d) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.--There is authorized for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court such additional personnel (other than judges) as may be necessary to facilitate the prompt and timely consideration by that Court of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. Personnel authorized by this paragraph shall perform such duties relating to the consideration of such applications as that Court shall direct. (e) Supplement Not Supplant.--The personnel authorized by this section are in addition to any other personnel authorized by law. SEC. 103. TRAINING OF FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY PERSONNEL IN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE MATTERS. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Director of the National Security Agency shall each, in consultation with the Attorney General-- (1) develop regulations establishing procedures for conducting and seeking approval of electronic surveillance on an emergency basis, and for preparing and properly submitting and receiving applications and orders, under sections 104 and 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804 and 1805); and (2) prescribe related training for the personnel of the applicable agency. TITLE II--IMPROVEMENT OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY SEC. 201. EXTENSION OF PERIOD FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS FOR EMERGENCY ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE. Section 105(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805(f)) is amended by striking ``72 hours'' both places it appears and inserting ``168 hours''. SEC. 202. ACQUISITION OF FOREIGN-FOREIGN COMMUNICATIONS. (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), no court order shall be required for the acquisition through electronic surveillance of the contents of any communication between one person who is not located within the United States and another person who is not located within the United States for the purpose of collecting foreign intelligence information even if such communication passes through, or the surveillance device is located within, the United States. (b) Treatment of Intercepted Communications Involving Domestic Party.--If surveillance conducted, as described in subsection (a), inadvertently collects a communication in which at least one party is within the United States, the contents of such communications shall be handled in accordance with the minimization procedures set forth in section 101(h)(4) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(h)(4)). (c) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``contents'', ``electronic surveillance'', and ``foreign intelligence information'' have the meaning given such terms in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801). SEC. 203. INDIVIDUALIZED FISA APPLICATIONS. The contents of any wire or radio communication sent by a person who is reasonably believed to be inside the United States to a person outside the United States may not be retained or used unless a court order authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act is obtained. SEC. 204. ISSUES RESERVED FOR THE COURTS. Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to amend those provisions of FISA concerning any wire or radio communication sent from outside the United States to a person inside the United States. The constitutionality of such interceptions shall be determined by the courts, including the President's claim that his article II authority supersedes FISA. TITLE III--ENHANCED CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT AND SUPREME COURT REVIEW OF THE TERRORIST SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM SEC. 301. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT. (a) Electronic Surveillance Under FISA.--Section 108 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1808) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)(2)-- (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end; (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and inserting ``; and''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(D) the authority under which the electronic surveillance is conducted.''; and (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: ``(b) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General additionally shall fully inform the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate on electronic surveillance conducted without a court order.''. (b) Intelligence Activities.--The National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) is amended-- (1) in section 501 (50 U.S.C. 413)-- (A) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and (B) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new subsection: ``(f) The Chair of each of the congressional intelligence committees, in consultation with the ranking member of the committee for which the person is Chair, may inform, on a bipartisan basis, all members or any individual members of such committee of a report submitted under subsection (a)(1) or subsection (b) as such Chair considers necessary.''; and (2) in section 502 (50 U.S.C. 414), by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(d) Informing of Committee Members.--The Chair of each of the congressional intelligence committees, in consultation with the ranking member of the committee for which the person is Chair, may inform, on a bipartisan basis, all members or any individual members of such committee of a report submitted under subsection (a) as such Chair considers necessary.''. SEC. 302. SUPREME COURT REVIEW OF THE TERRORIST SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. (a) In General.--Upon appeal by the United States or any party to the underlying proceedings, the Supreme Court of the United States shall review the final decision of any United States court of appeal concerning the legality of the Terrorist Surveillance Program. (b) Expedited Consideration.--It shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of the United States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the disposition of any matter brought under subsection (a). (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``Terrorist Surveillance Program'' means the program identified by the President of the United States on December 17, 2005, to intercept international communications into and out of the United States of persons linked to al Qaeda or related terrorist organizations. TITLE IV--OTHER MATTERS SEC. 401. DEFINITION. In this Act, the term ``Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court'' means the court established by section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)). SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act. SEC. 403. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Act, and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
summary: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Oversight and Resource Enhancement Act of 2006 - Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to: (1) authorize the appointment of additional judges to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (Court); and (2) require FISA judges to act on applications for emergency electronic surveillance within 24 hours. Authorizes the hiring of additional personnel in the Department of Justice (DOJ), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), National Security Agency (NSA), and the Court to process surveillance applications. Requires the Directors of the FBI and NSA to develop regulations for conducting and seeking approval for emergency electronic surveillance, preparing and submitting applications for such surveillance, and training personnel. Extends from 72 to 168 hours the period during which the Attorney General may authorize emergency electronic surveillance pending judicial authorization of such surveillance. Permits electronic surveillance without a court order of communications between individuals outside the United States for the purpose of collecting foreign intelligence information even if such communications pass through, or the surveillance device is located within, the United States. Requires a court order for the contents of any wire or radio communication sent by a person inside the United States to a person outside the United States. Authorizes enhanced congressional oversight of electronic surveillance activities under FISA. Requires Supreme Court review of any final decision of a U.S. court of appeals concerning the legality of the Terrorist Surveillance Program.