article: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Employee Free Choice Act of 2016''. SEC. 2. STREAMLINING UNION CERTIFICATION. (a) In General.--Section 9(c) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 159(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(6) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, whenever a petition shall have been filed by an employee or group of employees or any individual or labor organization acting in their behalf alleging that a majority of employees in a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining wish to be represented by an individual or labor organization for such purposes, the Board shall investigate the petition. If the Board finds that a majority of the employees in a unit appropriate for bargaining has signed valid authorizations designating the individual or labor organization specified in the petition as their bargaining representative and that no other individual or labor organization is currently certified or recognized as the exclusive representative of any of the employees in the unit, the Board shall not direct an election but shall certify the individual or labor organization as the representative described in subsection (a). ``(7) The Board shall develop guidelines and procedures for the designation by employees of a bargaining representative in the manner described in paragraph (6). Such guidelines and procedures shall include-- ``(A) model collective bargaining authorization language that may be used for purposes of making the designations described in paragraph (6); and ``(B) procedures to be used by the Board to establish the validity of signed authorizations designating bargaining representatives.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (1) National labor relations board.--Section 3(b) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 153(b)) is amended, in the second sentence-- (A) by striking ``and to'' and inserting ``to''; and (B) by striking ``and certify the results thereof,'' and inserting ``, and to issue certifications as provided for in that section,''. (2) Unfair labor practices.--Section 8(b) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 158(b)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (7)(B) by striking ``, or'' and inserting ``or a petition has been filed under section 9(c)(6), or''; and (B) in paragraph (7)(C) by striking ``when such a petition has been filed'' and inserting ``when such a petition other than a petition under section 9(c)(6) has been filed''. SEC. 3. FACILITATING INITIAL COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS. Section 8 of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 158) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(h) Whenever collective bargaining is for the purpose of establishing an initial agreement following certification or recognition, the provisions of subsection (d) shall be modified as follows: ``(1) Not later than 10 days after receiving a written request for collective bargaining from an individual or labor organization that has been newly organized or certified as a representative as defined in section 9(a), or within such further period as the parties agree upon, the parties shall meet and commence to bargain collectively and shall make every reasonable effort to conclude and sign a collective bargaining agreement. ``(2) If after the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date on which bargaining is commenced, or such additional period as the parties may agree upon, the parties have failed to reach an agreement, either party may notify the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service of the existence of a dispute and request mediation. Whenever such a request is received, it shall be the duty of the Service promptly to put itself in communication with the parties and to use its best efforts, by mediation and conciliation, to bring them to agreement. ``(3) If after the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which the request for mediation is made under paragraph (2), or such additional period as the parties may agree upon, the Service is not able to bring the parties to agreement by conciliation, the Service shall refer the dispute to an arbitration board established in accordance with such regulations as may be prescribed by the Service. The arbitration panel shall render a decision settling the dispute and such decision shall be binding upon the parties for a period of 2 years, unless amended during such period by written consent of the parties.''. SEC. 4. STRENGTHENING ENFORCEMENT. (a) Injunctions Against Unfair Labor Practices During Organizing Drives.-- (1) In general.--Section 10(l) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 160(l)) is amended-- (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``If, after such'' and inserting the following: ``(2) If, after such''; and (B) by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: ``(1) Whenever it is charged-- ``(A) that any employer-- ``(i) discharged or otherwise discriminated against an employee in violation of subsection (a)(3) of section 8; ``(ii) threatened to discharge or to otherwise discriminate against an employee in violation of subsection (a)(1) of section 8; or ``(iii) engaged in any other unfair labor practice within the meaning of subsection (a)(1) that significantly interferes with, restrains, or coerces employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in section 7; while employees of that employer were seeking representation by a labor organization or during the period after a labor organization was recognized as a representative defined in section 9(a) until the first collective bargaining contract is entered into between the employer and the representative; or ``(B) that any person has engaged in an unfair labor practice within the meaning of subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 8(b)(4), section 8(e), or section 8(b)(7); the preliminary investigation of such charge shall be made forthwith and given priority over all other cases except cases of like character in the office where it is filed or to which it is referred.''. (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 10(m) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 160(m)) is amended by inserting ``under circumstances not subject to section 10(l)'' after ``section 8''. (b) Remedies for Violations.-- (1) Backpay.--Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 160(c)) is amended by striking ``And provided further,'' and inserting ``Provided further, That if the Board finds that an employer has discriminated against an employee in violation of subsection (a)(3) of section 8 while employees of the employer were seeking representation by a labor organization, or during the period after a labor organization was recognized as a representative defined in subsection (a) of section 9 until the first collective bargaining contract was entered into between the employer and the representative, the Board in such order shall award the employee back pay and, in addition, 2 times that amount as liquidated damages: Provided further,''. (2) Civil penalties.--Section 12 of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 162) is amended-- (A) by striking ``Any'' and inserting ``(a) Any''; and (B) by adding at the end the following: ``(b) Any employer who willfully or repeatedly commits any unfair labor practice within the meaning of subsection (a)(1) or (a)(3) of section 8 while employees of the employer are seeking representation by a labor organization or during the period after a labor organization has been recognized as a representative defined in subsection (a) of section 9 until the first collective bargaining contract is entered into between the employer and the representative shall, in addition to any make-whole remedy ordered, be subject to a civil penalty of not to exceed $20,000 for each violation. In determining the amount of any penalty under this section, the Board shall consider the gravity of the unfair labor practice and the impact of the unfair labor practice on the charging party, on other persons seeking to exercise rights guaranteed by this Act, or on the public interest.''.
summary: Employee Free Choice Act of 2016 This bill amends the National Labor Relations Act to require the National Labor Relations Board to certify, without an election, an individual or labor organization to be the exclusive representative of the employees in a unit appropriate for bargaining if a majority of the employees has signed valid authorizations designating the individual or labor organization specified in a properly filed petition as their bargaining representative, and no other individual or labor organization is currently certified or recognized as the exclusive representative of any of the employees in the unit. The Board shall develop guidelines and procedures for the designation by employees of a bargaining representative. Whenever collective bargaining is for the purpose of establishing an initial agreement involving a newly organized or certified employee representative, the requirements for bargaining collectively shall be modified. The parties shall meet to bargain collectively within 10 days after the employer receives a written request. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) shall use its best efforts, by mediation and conciliation, to bring the parties to agreement if 90 days lapse without settlement of a dispute. If such efforts fail for 30 days, the FMCS shall refer the dispute to an arbitration panel, whose decision shall bind the parties for two years, unless the parties consent to a different time period. The preliminary investigation of charges involving employer discrimination or unfair labor practices while employees of that employer were seeking representation by a labor organization shall be made forthwith and given priority over all other cases except cases of like character in the office where the charge is filed or to which it is referred. The Board shall award an employee back pay and, in addition, twice that amount as liquidated damages if it finds that the employer has discriminated against the employee either during the period while the employer's employees were seeking representation by a labor organization, or during the period from the time a labor organization was recognized as a representative until the first collective bargaining contract between the employer and the representative was entered into. Any employer who willfully or repeatedly commits any unfair labor practice during these periods shall, in addition to any make-whole remedy ordered, be subject to a civil penalty of up to $20,000 for each violation.