text: Thanks, Bill. Let me try to put my finger on one of the main differences between what separated Catholics and Protestants in the past and what unites many of us today. Very simply, I think the idea of justification is suspect, and not without reason. While it's true that millennials often opt for what Bonhoefer called cheap grace, it's also true that justification by faith/grace was a Pauline preoccupation that can't easily be traced back to the gospels. Today's young Catholics don't take it for granted that they're sinners, that God is offended by their actions, or that God could only have been appeased by the sacrifice of his son. On a list of ideas we won't find people discussing in our churches, "substitutionary atonement" would be near the top. In my view, the churches won't regain their ability to speak to this generation until they come up with a new reason why believing in God through Jesus is better than not believing. I'm not sure we can articulate that at the moment.