When negotiations fail or can not be achieved, sadly we have war. The Japanese civilians were not ready to surrender; civilians had no choice in the matter. In fact, they believed that they were winning and could not lose because they had spirit warriors fighting for an emperor man/God. It was only after two nuclear detonations followed by over a week of carpet bombing did the emperor surrender; more than losing, his surrender shocked the Japanese. WWII was a nightmare. No doubt the civilians of Nazi Germany and the civilians of the Emperor's Japan paid a heavy price, but rememeber that over 6 million innocent Jews and millions of non-Japanese Asians murdered by the the Axis nations also paid a heavy price. This was war between nations, not factions, and there were no smart bombs, only bombers from both sides eager to preserve their families back home.