"In most fields, women don't receive their fair share, i.e. they're 30% of the applications and "win" 20% of the time, or in the case of chairs they're 30% of scientists but they receive a smaller proportion. This is what it is about."
Perhaps they aren't performing up to top level standards. You realize that there are more male outliers than female, including in measured IQ?

The problem with the merit-based system is that there seems to be many biases against women (and against younger scientists and minorities)."
Young scientists aren't getting as much as older, more experienced, successful scientists and you are surprised by this?