The first Kingdom of Israel was established about the 11th century BCE, split about 930 BCE, and was conquered around 634-641CE. 
The Jews in the region have lived under foreign rule until the UN General Assembly considered “the question of Palestine” at the end of WWII.
In 1947, a proposal was made by the General Assembly of the UN to replace the British Mandate with "an independent Arab State, an independent Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem ... the last to be under an International Trusteeship System.” The Jewish Agency, representing Jewish community, accepted it. The Arab League and Arab Higher Committee of Palestine rejected it. 
What resulted is what one side calls “the two-state solution” and the other side sees as “a two-state intrusion.” The evasive fantasy dream is compromise and cooperation  Contention and conflict are the on-going realities. Tragically and perhaps even fatally, the combatants are the children of Abraham, Jewish, Christian and Muslim.