Tax money has followed the student in Canada since 1774, when the Quebec Act was passed. It doesn't matter whether your child attends a district run school, a Catholic school, a Christian school, a Muslim School, a private (non-sectarian) school, or any other type of school.

That said, since tax money is involved, Canada also demands accountability for its use.  For example, in Alberta there is a set of provincial standards that every school must meet.  There is a model provincial curriculum they may follow. There are recommended textbooks, student, parent, and teacher guides that are all aligned with that curriculum. There are provincial assessments in grades 3 (optional), 6, and 9. And every school's results and value added is published annually and widely disseminated. Oh, and Alberta's PISA scores are among the best in the world. Note also that the province's demographics (free and reduced percentage, ELL, rural, etc.) aren't very different from Colorado's.