Examples:
- interpreting scripture literally e.g. creation stories, miracles of Jesus
- starting with canon law as the core of Catholicism (condemning all others who do not stat with canon law
- believing that there is no difference between dogmas and doctrines
- believing all papal pronouncements to be infallible
- believing the *magisterium* = God
- using *intrinsic evil* incorrectly
- use of atonement theology exclusively
- liturgy must be in latin
- the church is not semper reformada (using this pretext to condemn anyone who sees the church trying to both walk in faith and read the signs of the times)
- those who reject VII  (SSPX is an example)

In other words - (1) over-simplification of beliefs, (2) dogmatization of those beliefs, (3) villainization of everyone outside the group