Perhaps our difficulty is in the question itself.  Did Jesus intend to be taken literally?  Surely Jesus intended to be taken seriously.  Is not that a more helpful way of asking the question?  To take Jesus seriously is a better perspective for what Jesus said about marriage.  From the perspective of seriousness, "literally" seems relatively cramped.  "Seriousness" opens up possibilities for consulting the heart and conscience -- surely closer to the reign of God than the law -- that are not available if the inquiry is "literal" meaning.

As for the commandments, you turn Christ's ordering on its head.  The 613 commandments of the Torah all came from God.  Why, then, did Jesus speak of "all the law and the prophets"?  

As Augustine understood, interpretations of scripture can be varied.  Whether a literal reading of what Jesus said about marriage is sufficiently serious to be subordinate to the commandments to love God and neighbor is a question whose answer cannot be presumed.