But it sounds like the things you are focusing on are business school related.  Yes, communications skills (English competency) are pretty universal. Example, when I was thinking of a law degree (which I am now glad I did not pursue) counselors said the best major would be English. Not sure things like "chain of command" are as essential in a fine arts education.  But I get your point.  I think the crux is heretofore "educated" has typically been a white privilege thing, fairly alien to inner city life, so testing in preparation for "education" is inherently bias.  Also there are circumstantial issues and life experience that certain kinds of questions assume.  Example: "What word best goes with "cup"? a) Plate, b) Saucer, c) Table.  Question assumes answer "b", but poor kid might say a or "c", because his family doesn't own any saucers.