If we're assessing Canadian policing, wouldn't it be useful to compare it to policing in other countries? The note about 'white' culture, in particular, begs the question of whether we can learn from other policing cultures. Maybe Nigeria, Peru, and Indonesia don't suffer from these problems?

Without any context or external frame of reference, it's hard to identify if these defects are peculiar to Canadian police forces. And if they aren't, then learning about reforms carried out in other countries might be a good place to start.