I don't agree with you that we don't talk to each other.  I think that many people do talk with others.  The thing that we don not talk about much is politics.  But this is nothing new in American life.  I am not historian, but from what I have read, American history is replete with sharp political divisions.  
I think that instead of seeing this time as somehow especially unique, we should go about improving civics education and encouraging more people to vote.  If more people voted, then those who are elected would me more responsive to the populace, which based on various polls,  does tend towards agreement on many things, such as the need to treat immigrants more humanely, to ensure the rights of gays and to provide reasonable access to health insurance for all.