The litany “the Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition, the Popes support for wars between England, France and Spain, the genocides committed against the indigenous peoples of South America, the burning of so called witches and the Popes silence on slavery”, to which the People’s Response for each in the Prayer Book is “From the enormities of the Whore of Babylon, protect us, O Lord” have all been examined by objective persons who have written learned treatises.

Those individuals, including both Protestants and Jews, have concluded that the charges are the result of Protestant polemic in the 16th century and the attribution of individual acts to the Church itself.