Fazės vartai
Fazės vartai (angl. phase gate) – tai kvantiniai vartai, naudojami kvantiniuose kompiuteriuose ir žymimi Z. Z vartai gaunami nuosekliai išdėsčius Hadamardo vartus, paskui NOT vartus, o paskui vėl Hadamardo vartus: -H-X-H- = -Z- arba Z=HXH. Z | 0 ⟩ = | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle Z|0\rangle =|0\rangle } . Z | 1 ⟩ = − | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle Z|1\rangle =-|1\rangle } . H | 0 ⟩ = 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) {\displaystyle H|0\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle +|1\rangle )} . X 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) = 1 2 ( + | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) {\displaystyle X{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle +|1\rangle )={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(+|0\rangle +|1\rangle )} . H 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) = | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle H{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle +|1\rangle )=|0\rangle } . H | 1 ⟩ = 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ − | 1 ⟩ ) {\displaystyle H|1\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle -|1\rangle )} . X 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ − | 1 ⟩ ) = 1 2 ( − | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) = − 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩ − | 1 ⟩ ) {\displaystyle X{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle -|1\rangle )={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(-|0\rangle +|1\rangle )=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0\rangle -|1\rangle )} . H 1 2 ( − | 0 ⟩ + | 1 ⟩ ) = − | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle H{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(-|0\rangle +|1\rangle )=-|1\rangle } .