Rezerford formulasi
Rezerford formulasi-relativistik bo'lmagan zaryadlangan zarrachalarning boshqa harakatsiz zaryadlangan zarracha yoki yadro (nishon) ning Kulon maydonidagi Ω qattiq burchagiga tarqalishining differensial samarali kesimi uchun formula. 1911 yilda E. Rezerford tomonidan submikron qalinlikdagi nozik oltin folga ustida α-zarrachalarning tarqalishi bo'yicha tajribalarda empirik ravishda tasdiqlangan.Uchish va tarqalish zarralarining inersiya markazi tizimida tarqalishning differensial kesimi quyidagicha yoziladi: d σ d Ω = ( Z 1 Z 2 e 2 2 m v 2 ) 2 1 sin 4 ⁡ Θ 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {d\sigma }{d\Omega }}=\left({\frac {Z_{1}Z_{2}e^{2}}{2mv^{2}}}\right)^{2}{\frac {1}{\sin ^{4}{\frac {\Theta }{2}}}}} Bu yerda Z 1 {\displaystyle Z_{1}} Va Z 2 {\displaystyle Z_{2}} uchayotgan zarrachalar va nishonlarning zaryadlari, m , v {\displaystyle m,v} tushayotgan zarrachaning massasi va tezligi, Θ {\displaystyle \Theta } ikki o'lchovli tarqalish burchagi, e {\displaystyle e} - elementar zaryad, d σ {\displaystyle d\sigma } - to'liq kesim differensiali, Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } qattiq burchak differensiali.