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I also point out that I have never heard of the \"GIS field\" and modified the text accordingly. AFAIK GIS has always been only a software, a method but not a field in its own right, used by various disciplines. GIScience has developed as a response to the need to address \"fundamental issues arising from geographic information\" (see also commented stuff from the Longley book in the commits of this PR). But maybe this is a controversial debate. If so, we should say so and cite the corresponding literature, 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