{"action":"created","comment":{"url":"https://api.github.com/repos/yzgyyang/freebsd-doc-cn/pulls/comments/182001920","pull_request_review_id":112720518,"id":182001920,"diff_hunk":"@@ -39154,205 +39225,205 @@ msgstr \"\"\n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41196\n msgid \"Every block that is allocated is also checksummed. The checksum algorithm used is a per-dataset property, see <link linkend=\\\"zfs-zfs-set\\\"><command>set</command></link>. The checksum of each block is transparently validated as it is read, allowing <acronym>ZFS</acronym> to detect silent corruption. If the data that is read does not match the expected checksum, <acronym>ZFS</acronym> will attempt to recover the data from any available redundancy, like mirrors or <acronym>RAID-Z</acronym>). Validation of all checksums can be triggered with <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-scrub\\\"><command>scrub</command></link>. Checksum algorithms include: <_:itemizedlist-1/> The <literal>fletcher</literal> algorithms are faster, but <literal>sha256</literal> is a strong cryptographic hash and has a much lower chance of collisions at the cost of some performance. Checksums can be disabled, but it is not recommended.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"配置每个资料区块快的同时也会做资料校验，资料校验用的演算法是依数据集属性而有所不同的，请参考<link linkend=\\\"zfs-zfs-set\\\"><command >set</command></link>.每个资料区块会在读取的过成便完成校验，让<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 可以侦测到隐藏的损坏，若资料不符合预期的校验码，<acronym>ZFS</ acronym> 会尝试从任何可用的备援来还原资料，例如镜像(Mirror）或<acronym>RAID-Z</acronym>.要检验所有资料的校验码可以使用清洁(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-scrub\\\"><command>Scrub</command></link>)，资料校验的演算法有：<_:itemizedlist -1/> <literal>fletcher</literal> 演算法最快，而<literal>sha256</literal> 虽较消耗效能，但其有强大的密码杂凑与较低的冲突率.也可关闭资料校验，但并不建议。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: listitem/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41242\n msgid \"<emphasis><acronym>LZ4</acronym></emphasis> - Added in <acronym>ZFS</acronym> pool version 5000 (feature flags), <acronym>LZ4</acronym> is now the recommended compression algorithm. <acronym>LZ4</acronym> compresses approximately 50% faster than <acronym>LZJB</acronym> when operating on compressible data, and is over three times faster when operating on uncompressible data. <acronym>LZ4</acronym> also decompresses approximately 80% faster than <acronym>LZJB</acronym>. On modern <acronym>CPU</acronym>s, <acronym>LZ4</acronym> can often compress at over 500 MB/s, and decompress at over 1.5 GB/s (per single CPU core).\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<emphasis><acronym>LZ4</acronym></emphasis> - <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 存储池版本5000（功能旗标）后所增加，<acronym>LZ4</acronym> 现在是建议的压缩演算法，在处理可压缩的资料时<acronym>LZ4</acronym> 压缩比<acronym>LZJB</acronym> 快将近50%，在处理不可压缩的资料时快将近三倍，<acronym>LZ4< /acronym> 解压缩也比<acronym>LZJB</acronym> 将近80%.在现代的 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 上，<acronym>LZ4</acronym> 经常平均可用 500 MB/s 的速度压缩，而解压缩可到达 1.5 GB/s（每个 CPU 核心)。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: note/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41259\n msgid \"<acronym>LZ4</acronym> compression is only available after FreeBSD 9.2.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<acronym>LZ4</acronym> 压缩只在 FreeBSD 9.2 之后可使用。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: listitem/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41265\n msgid \"<emphasis><acronym>LZJB</acronym></emphasis> - The default compression algorithm. Created by Jeff Bonwick (one of the original creators of <acronym>ZFS</acronym>). <acronym>LZJB</acronym> offers good compression with less <acronym>CPU</acronym> overhead compared to <acronym>GZIP</acronym>. In the future, the default compression algorithm will likely change to <acronym>LZ4</acronym>.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<emphasis><acronym>LZJB</acronym></emphasis> - 预设的压缩演算法.由 Jeff Bonwick 所开发（<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 的创始人之一)。 <acronym>LZJB</acronym> 与 <acronym>GZIP</acronym> 相比，可以较低的 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 提供较佳的压缩功能.在未来预设的压缩演算法将会更换为 <acronym>LZ4</acronym>。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: listitem/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41277\n msgid \"<emphasis><acronym>GZIP</acronym></emphasis> - A popular stream compression algorithm available in <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. One of the main advantages of using <acronym>GZIP</acronym> is its configurable level of compression. When setting the <literal>compress</literal> property, the administrator can choose the level of compression, ranging from <literal>gzip1</literal>, the lowest level of compression, to <literal>gzip9</literal>, the highest level of compression. This gives the administrator control over how much <acronym>CPU</acronym> time to trade for saved disk space.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<emphasis><acronym>GZIP</acronym></emphasis> - 在 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 可用的热门串流压缩演算法.使用 <acronym>GZIP</acronym> 主要的优点之一便是可设定压缩层级.当设定 <literal>compress</literal> 属性，管理者可以选择压缩层级范围从最低的压缩层级 <literal>gzip1</literal> 到最高的压缩层级 <literal>gzip9</literal>.这让管理者可以控制要使用多少 <acronym>CPU</acronym> 来节省磁盘空间。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: listitem/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41293\n msgid \"<emphasis><acronym>ZLE</acronym></emphasis> - Zero Length Encoding is a special compression algorithm that only compresses continuous runs of zeros. This compression algorithm is only useful when the dataset contains large blocks of zeros.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<emphasis><acronym>ZLE</acronym></emphasis> - 零长度编号是一个特殊的压缩演算法，它只会压缩连续的零.这种压缩演算法只在数据集中含有大量为零的资料区块时有用。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41232\n msgid \"Each dataset has a compression property, which defaults to off. This property can be set to one of a number of compression algorithms. This will cause all new data that is written to the dataset to be compressed. Beyond a reduction in space used, read and write throughput often increases because fewer blocks are read or written. <_:itemizedlist-1/>\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"每个数据集都有压缩（Compression）属性，预设是关闭的，这个属性可以设定使用以下几个压缩演算法的其中一个来压缩写入到数据集的新资料.压缩除了减少空间使用量外，常也会增加读取与写入的吞吐量，因为会减少读取与写入的资料区块. <_:itemizedlist-1/>\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-copies\n #: book.translate.xml:41304\n msgid \"Copies\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"副本\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41306\n msgid \"When set to a value greater than 1, the <literal>copies</literal> property instructs <acronym>ZFS</acronym> to maintain multiple copies of each block in the <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-filesystem\\\">File System</link> or <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-volume\\\">Volume</link>. Setting this property on important datasets provides additional redundancy from which to recover a block that does not match its checksum. In pools without redundancy, the copies feature is the only form of redundancy. The copies feature can recover from a single bad sector or other forms of minor corruption, but it does not protect the pool from the loss of an entire disk.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"当设定大于1 的数值时，<literal>copies</literal> 属性会指示<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 备份每个在文件系统(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-filesystem\\\">File System</ link>）或磁盘区(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-volume\\\">Volume</link>）的资料区块数份。在重要的数据集上设定这个属性可以做额外的备援以在资料校验码不相符时可做复原.在没有做备援的存储池上，备份功能提供只是一种资料的备援方式，备份功能可以复原单一坏轨或其他情况的次要损坏，但无法复原存储池中整个磁盘损坏所损失的资料。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41325\n msgid \"Checksums make it possible to detect duplicate blocks of data as they are written. With deduplication, the reference count of an existing, identical block is increased, saving storage space. To detect duplicate blocks, a deduplication table (<acronym>DDT</acronym>) is kept in memory. The table contains a list of unique checksums, the location of those blocks, and a reference count. When new data is written, the checksum is calculated and compared to the list. If a match is found, the existing block is used. The <acronym>SHA256</acronym> checksum algorithm is used with deduplication to provide a secure cryptographic hash. Deduplication is tunable. If <literal>dedup</literal> is <literal>on</literal>, then a matching checksum is assumed to mean that the data is identical. If <literal>dedup</literal> is set to <literal>verify</literal>, then the data in the two blocks will be checked byte-for-byte to ensure it is actually identical. If the data is not identical, the hash collision will be noted and the two blocks will be stored separately. Because <acronym>DDT</acronym> must store the hash of each unique block, it consumes a very large amount of memory. A general rule of thumb is 5-6 GB of ram per 1 TB of deduplicated data). In situations where it is not practical to have enough <acronym>RAM</acronym> to keep the entire <acronym>DDT</acronym> in memory, performance will suffer greatly as the <acronym>DDT</acronym> must be read from disk before each new block is written. Deduplication can use <acronym>L2ARC</acronym> to store the <acronym>DDT</acronym>, providing a middle ground between fast system memory and slower disks. Consider using compression instead, which often provides nearly as much space savings without the additional memory requirement.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"校验码让在写入时可以侦测重复资料区块，使用去重复，可以增加既有、完全相同的资料区块参考数来节省储存空间.要侦测重复的资料区块需要在记忆体中储存去重复资料表(Deduplication table, <acronym>DDT</acronym>)，这个资料表中会有唯一的校验码清单、这些资料区块的所在位置以及参考数.当写入新资料时，便会计算校验码然后比对清单中是否有符合的既有资料区块已在清单.去重复使用了<acronym>SHA256</acronym> 校验码演算法来提供一个安全的加密杂凑，去重复功能是可以调校的，若<literal>dedup</literal> 设为<literal>on< /literal> 只要符合校验码便会认为资料完全相同，若<literal>dedup</literal> 设为<literal>verify</literal> 则会一个一个位元检查两个资料区块的资料来确保资料真的完全相同，若资料不同便会注记与杂凑冲突并会分别储存两个资料区块.由于 <acronym>DDT</acronym> 须要储存每个唯一资料区块的杂凑，所以会消耗大量的记忆体，一般的经验法则是每 1 TB 的去重复资料需要使用 5-6 GB 的记忆体.由于要有足够的<acronym>RAM</acronym> 来储存整个<acronym>DDT</acronym> 在实务上并不实际，导致在每个新资料区块写入前需要从磁盘来读取< acronym>DDT</acronym> 会对效能有很大的影响，去重复功能可以使用<acronym>L2ARC</acronym> 储存<acronym>DDT</acronym> 以在快速的系统记忆体及较慢的磁盘之间取得一个平衡点.也可以考虑使用压缩功能来取代此功能，因为压缩也能节省相近的空间使用量而不需要大量额外的记忆体。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-scrub\n #: book.translate.xml:41363\n msgid \"Scrub\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"清洁（Scrub）\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41365\n msgid \"Instead of a consistency check like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <acronym>ZFS</acronym> has <command>scrub</command>. <command>scrub</command> reads all data blocks stored on the pool and verifies their checksums against the known good checksums stored in the metadata. A periodic check of all the data stored on the pool ensures the recovery of any corrupted blocks before they are needed. A scrub is not required after an unclean shutdown, but is recommended at least once every three months. The checksum of each block is verified as blocks are read during normal use, but a scrub makes certain that even infrequently used blocks are checked for silent corruption. Data security is improved, especially in archival storage situations. The relative priority of <command>scrub</command> can be adjusted with <link linkend=\\\"zfs-advanced-tuning-scrub_delay\\\"><varname>vfs.zfs.scrub_delay</varname></link> to prevent the scrub from degrading the performance of other workloads on the pool.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 有 <command>scrub</command> 来替代 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 来做一致性的检查. <command>scrub</command> 会读取所有储存在存储池中的资料区块并且根据储存在 Metadata 中已知良好的校验码来检验这些资料区块的校验码，定期检查存储池中储存的所有资料可以确保实际使用这些资料前已将所有损坏的资料区块复原.在不正常的关闭之后并不需要做清洁动作，但建议每三个月至少执行一次.在正常使用读取时便会检查每个资料区块的校验码，但清洁动作可以确保那些不常用的资料也会被检查以避免隐藏的损坏，如此便能增进资料的安全性，特别是对用来保存资料的储存设备. <command>scrub</command> 可以使用<link linkend=\\\"zfs-advanced-tuning-scrub_delay\\\"><varname>vfs.zfs.scrub_delay</varname></link> 调整相对优先权来避免清洁动作降低存储池上其他工作的效率。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-quota\n #: book.translate.xml:41385\n msgid \"Dataset Quota\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"数据集配额（Dataset Quota)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: entry/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41394\n msgid \"<acronym>ZFS</acronym> supports different types of quotas: the dataset quota, the <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-refquota\\\">reference quota (<acronym>refquota</acronym>)</link>, the <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-userquota\\\">user quota</link>, and the <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-groupquota\\\">group quota</link>.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 支持几种不同类型的配额：数据集配额、参考配额(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-refquota\\\">Reference quota, <acronym>refquota</acronym></link> )、使用者配额(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-userquota\\\">User quota</link>）以及群组配额(<link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-groupquota\\\">Group quota</link>)。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: entry/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41402\n msgid \"Quotas limit the amount of space that a dataset and all of its descendants, including snapshots of the dataset, child datasets, and the snapshots of those datasets, can consume.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"配额会限制数据集及后裔包含数据集的快照、子数据集及子数据集的快照能使用的空间量。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: note/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41408\n msgid \"Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the <literal>volsize</literal> property acts as an implicit quota.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"磁盘区上无法设定配额，因为 <literal>volsize</literal> 属性已经被用来做内定的配额。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41387\n msgid \"<acronym>ZFS</acronym> provides very fast and accurate dataset, user, and group space accounting in addition to quotas and space reservations. This gives the administrator fine grained control over how space is allocated and allows space to be reserved for critical file systems. <_:para-1/> <_:para-2/> <_:note-3/>\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"除了配额及空间保留外，<acronym>ZFS</acronym> 提供非常快速且准确的数据集、使用者及群组空间的计算功能，这可让管理者调整空间配置的方式且可为重要的文件系统保留空间. <_:para-1/> <_:para-2/> <_:note-3/>\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refquota\n #: book.translate.xml:41415\n msgid \"Reference Quota\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"参考配额（Reference Quota)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41418\n msgid \"A reference quota limits the amount of space a dataset can consume by enforcing a hard limit. However, this hard limit includes only space that the dataset references and does not include space used by descendants, such as file systems or snapshots.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"参考配额可以设定一个硬性限制(Hard limit）来限制数据集能使用的空间量，而这个硬性限制只包含了数据集参考的空间，并不含其后裔所使用的空间，如：文件系统或快照。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-userquota\n #: book.translate.xml:41426\n msgid \"User Quota\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"使用者配额（User Quota)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41429\n msgid \"User quotas are useful to limit the amount of space that can be used by the specified user.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"使用者配额在用来限制特定使用者能使用的空间量时非常有用。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-groupquota\n #: book.translate.xml:41434\n msgid \"Group Quota\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"群组配额（Group Quota)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41437\n msgid \"The group quota limits the amount of space that a specified group can consume.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"群组配额可以限制特定群组能使用的空间量。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-reservation\n #: book.translate.xml:41442\n msgid \"Dataset Reservation\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"数据集保留空间（Dataset Reservation)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: entry/para\n #: book.translate.xml:41460\n msgid \"Reservations of any sort are useful in many situations, such as planning and testing the suitability of disk space allocation in a new system, or ensuring that enough space is available on file systems for audio logs or system recovery procedures and files.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"不管那一种保留空间在许多情境皆很有用，例如：要规划与测试磁盘空间配置在新系统上的适应性，或是确保有足够的空间供稽查日志或系统还原程序及档案使用。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41445\n msgid \"The <literal>reservation</literal> property makes it possible to guarantee a minimum amount of space for a specific dataset and its descendants. If a 10 GB reservation is set on <filename>storage/home/bob</filename>, and another dataset tries to use all of the free space, at least 10 GB of space is reserved for this dataset. If a snapshot is taken of <filename>storage/home/bob</filename>, the space used by that snapshot is counted against the reservation. The <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-refreservation\\\"><literal>refreservation</literal></link> property works in a similar way, but it <emphasis>excludes</emphasis> descendants like snapshots. <_:para-1/>\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<literal>reservation</literal> 属性可以确保对特定数据集及其后裔最小可用的空间量，若在<filename>storage/home/bob</filename> 设定10 GB 的保留空间且其他数据集尝试使用所有剩余的空间时，会保留至少10 GB 的空间供这个数据集使用.若要制作 <filename>storage/home/bob</filename> 的快照，该快照所使用的空间也会被列入保留空间计算. <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-refreservation\\\"><literal>refreservation</literal></link> 属性也以类似的方式运作，但是他 <emphasis>不包含</emphasis> 后裔，例如：快照. <_:para-1/>\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refreservation\n #: book.translate.xml:41470\n msgid \"Reference Reservation\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"参考保留空间（Reference Reservation)\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #: book.translate.xml:41473\n msgid \"The <literal>refreservation</literal> property makes it possible to guarantee a minimum amount of space for the use of a specific dataset <emphasis>excluding</emphasis> its descendants. This means that if a 10 GB reservation is set on <filename>storage/home/bob</filename>, and another dataset tries to use all of the free space, at least 10 GB of space is reserved for this dataset. In contrast to a regular <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-reservation\\\">reservation</link>, space used by snapshots and descendant datasets is not counted against the reservation. For example, if a snapshot is taken of <filename>storage/home/bob</filename>, enough disk space must exist outside of the <literal>refreservation</literal> amount for the operation to succeed. Descendants of the main data set are not counted in the <literal>refreservation</literal> amount and so do not encroach on the space set.\"\n-msgstr \"\"\n+msgstr \"<literal>refreservation</literal> 属性可以确保对特定数据集<emphasis>不包含</emphasis> 其后裔最小可用的空间，这代表若在<filename>storage/home/bob</filename> 设定10 GB的保留空间且其他数据集尝试使用所有剩余的空间时，会保留至少10 GB 的空间供这个数据集使用.于正常 <link linkend=\\\"zfs-term-reservation\\\">reservation</link> 不同的是，由快照及后裔数据集所使用的空间并不会列入保留空间计算.例如，若要制作一个<filename>storage/home/bob</filename> 的快照，在<literal>refreservation</literal> 空间之外必须要有足够的空间才能成功完成这项操作，主数据集的后裔并不会列入<literal>refreservation</literal> 空间额计算，所以也不会占用保留空间。\"\n \n #. (itstool) path: row/entry\n #. 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