{"action":"created","comment":{"url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/comments/76397558","id":76397558,"diff_hunk":"@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@\n+---\n+layout: post\n+title: No permanent damage to mouse DNA from low magnetic fields\n+author: RaoOfPhysics\n+image:\n+  feature: 2016-08-28-mouse-dna-magnetic-fields.jpg\n+  credit: Nogas1974\n+  caption: “DNA com GGN”\n+---\n+\n+_Sustained exposure not found to cause permanent damage in cells in brain, kidney and liver that are involved in the transport, reabsorption or storage of iron._\n+\n+Since the 19th-century works of Hans Christian Ørsted, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell and others demonstrated that electricity and magnetism are in fact two sides of the same coin, we have harnessed this unified electromagnetism to provide for the energy needs of billions around the globe.\n+However, it is thought that prolonged exposure to ambient electromagnetic (EM) fields can affect certain cells in the body, causing a variety of cancers.\n+For this reason, several countries have adopted limits for EM exposure, with most European countries limiting flux densities to 0.1&nbsp;mT ([milliteslas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit))).\n+\n+To test the effects of EM fields on biological cells in a controlled environment, researchers exposed mice to low-frequency fluxes of 0.1&nbsp;mT and 1.0&nbsp;mT over eight weeks, with control mice living in similar conditions but without the EM exposure.\n+The frequency chosen for the research was 50&nbsp;Hz, which is the frequency of transmission for alternating current in most countries.\n+[This work](http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109774) is a follow-up to the same group's study of the effects of an eight-week exposure to a flux of 1.5&nbsp;mT, which is considerably higher than the normal limits and which showed unrepaired damage to DNA.\n+In both these studies, the scientists were looking for signs of so-called unrepaired single-strand breakage in nuclear DNA.\n+In the latest study, they also looked for indications that damaged DNA had been repaired and for signs that mitochondrial DNA was being produced at lower rates than usual.\n+\n+<!--break-->\n+\n+Previous research has suggested that extended exposure to EM fields damages cells that are in some way related to the transport, reabsorption or storage of iron.\n+The researchers therefore studied how cells involved in these activities located in the brain, the kidney and the liver were affected by EM exposure.\n+\n+![“DNA com GGN”]({{ site.url }}/images/2016-08-28-mouse-dna-magnetic-fields.jpg)\n+\n+> _“DNA com GGN”. [Image](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_com_GGN.jpg) by Nogas1974 / [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)_\n+\n+Three sets of mice were kept in identical conditions differing only in the EM fields inside their cages.","path":"_posts/2016-08-28-mouse-dna-magnetic-fields.md","position":32,"original_position":32,"commit_id":"733b511ec3d0648ef20600e620de13a78d22fecd","original_commit_id":"733b511ec3d0648ef20600e620de13a78d22fecd","user":{"login":"neuroamanda","id":2295570,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2295570?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda","html_url":"https://github.com/neuroamanda","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/neuroamanda/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"body":"ah, from above it sounded like there were only two mice groups. ","created_at":"2016-08-26T10:23:17Z","updated_at":"2016-08-26T10:23:17Z","html_url":"https://github.com/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pull/68#discussion_r76397558","pull_request_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/68","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/comments/76397558"},"html":{"href":"https://github.com/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pull/68#discussion_r76397558"},"pull_request":{"href":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/68"}}},"pull_request":{"url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/68","id":82766922,"html_url":"https://github.com/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pull/68","diff_url":"https://github.com/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pull/68.diff","patch_url":"https://github.com/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pull/68.patch","issue_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/issues/68","number":68,"state":"open","locked":false,"title":"Add Article 13 (Closes #67)","user":{"login":"RaoOfPhysics","id":7623019,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7623019?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics","html_url":"https://github.com/RaoOfPhysics","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"body":"I must've read this paper at least five times. I hope I haven't got things incorrect.\r\n\r\nPlease to edit, @neuroamanda!","created_at":"2016-08-25T18:11:22Z","updated_at":"2016-08-26T10:23:17Z","closed_at":null,"merged_at":null,"merge_commit_sha":"bf7c3b3e133b0c354100bda8054468d0aaa3663b","assignee":null,"assignees":[],"milestone":null,"commits_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/68/commits","review_comments_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/68/comments","review_comment_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/pulls/comments{/number}","comments_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/issues/68/comments","statuses_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/apostilb/apostilb.github.io/statuses/733b511ec3d0648ef20600e620de13a78d22fecd","head":{"label":"RaoOfPhysics:add-article-13","ref":"add-article-13","sha":"733b511ec3d0648ef20600e620de13a78d22fecd","user":{"login":"RaoOfPhysics","id":7623019,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7623019?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics","html_url":"https://github.com/RaoOfPhysics","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"repo":{"id":33051930,"name":"apostilb.github.io","full_name":"RaoOfPhysics/apostilb.github.io","owner":{"login":"RaoOfPhysics","id":7623019,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7623019?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics","html_url":"https://github.com/RaoOfPhysics","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/RaoOfPhysics/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"private":false,"html_url":"https://github.com/RaoOfPhysics/apostilb.github.io","description":"marginal 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