# Copyright 2023 Katherine Crowson and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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import math
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch

from ..configuration_utils import ConfigMixin, register_to_config
from ..utils import BaseOutput, logging
from ..utils.torch_utils import randn_tensor
from .scheduling_utils import KarrasDiffusionSchedulers, SchedulerMixin


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)  # pylint: disable=invalid-name


@dataclass
# Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.DDPMSchedulerOutput with DDPM->EulerDiscrete
class EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput(BaseOutput):
    """
    Output class for the scheduler's `step` function output.

    Args:
        prev_sample (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` for images):
            Computed sample `(x_{t-1})` of previous timestep. `prev_sample` should be used as next model input in the
            denoising loop.
        pred_original_sample (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` for images):
            The predicted denoised sample `(x_{0})` based on the model output from the current timestep.
            `pred_original_sample` can be used to preview progress or for guidance.
    """

    prev_sample: torch.FloatTensor
    pred_original_sample: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None


# Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.betas_for_alpha_bar
def betas_for_alpha_bar(
    num_diffusion_timesteps,
    max_beta=0.999,
    alpha_transform_type="cosine",
):
    """
    Create a beta schedule that discretizes the given alpha_t_bar function, which defines the cumulative product of
    (1-beta) over time from t = [0,1].

    Contains a function alpha_bar that takes an argument t and transforms it to the cumulative product of (1-beta) up
    to that part of the diffusion process.


    Args:
        num_diffusion_timesteps (`int`): the number of betas to produce.
        max_beta (`float`): the maximum beta to use; use values lower than 1 to
                     prevent singularities.
        alpha_transform_type (`str`, *optional*, default to `cosine`): the type of noise schedule for alpha_bar.
                     Choose from `cosine` or `exp`

    Returns:
        betas (`np.ndarray`): the betas used by the scheduler to step the model outputs
    """
    if alpha_transform_type == "cosine":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.cos((t + 0.008) / 1.008 * math.pi / 2) ** 2

    elif alpha_transform_type == "exp":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.exp(t * -12.0)

    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported alpha_tranform_type: {alpha_transform_type}")

    betas = []
    for i in range(num_diffusion_timesteps):
        t1 = i / num_diffusion_timesteps
        t2 = (i + 1) / num_diffusion_timesteps
        betas.append(min(1 - alpha_bar_fn(t2) / alpha_bar_fn(t1), max_beta))
    return torch.tensor(betas, dtype=torch.float32)


class EulerDiscreteScheduler(SchedulerMixin, ConfigMixin):
    """
    Euler scheduler.

    This model inherits from [`SchedulerMixin`] and [`ConfigMixin`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic
    methods the library implements for all schedulers such as loading and saving.

    Args:
        num_train_timesteps (`int`, defaults to 1000):
            The number of diffusion steps to train the model.
        beta_start (`float`, defaults to 0.0001):
            The starting `beta` value of inference.
        beta_end (`float`, defaults to 0.02):
            The final `beta` value.
        beta_schedule (`str`, defaults to `"linear"`):
            The beta schedule, a mapping from a beta range to a sequence of betas for stepping the model. Choose from
            `linear` or `scaled_linear`.
        trained_betas (`np.ndarray`, *optional*):
            Pass an array of betas directly to the constructor to bypass `beta_start` and `beta_end`.
        prediction_type (`str`, defaults to `epsilon`, *optional*):
            Prediction type of the scheduler function; can be `epsilon` (predicts the noise of the diffusion process),
            `sample` (directly predicts the noisy sample`) or `v_prediction` (see section 2.4 of [Imagen
            Video](https://imagen.research.google/video/paper.pdf) paper).
        interpolation_type(`str`, defaults to `"linear"`, *optional*):
            The interpolation type to compute intermediate sigmas for the scheduler denoising steps. Should be on of
            `"linear"` or `"log_linear"`.
        use_karras_sigmas (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use Karras sigmas for step sizes in the noise schedule during the sampling process. If `True`,
            the sigmas are determined according to a sequence of noise levels {σi}.
        timestep_spacing (`str`, defaults to `"linspace"`):
            The way the timesteps should be scaled. Refer to Table 2 of the [Common Diffusion Noise Schedules and
            Sample Steps are Flawed](https://huggingface.co/papers/2305.08891) for more information.
        steps_offset (`int`, defaults to 0):
            An offset added to the inference steps. You can use a combination of `offset=1` and
            `set_alpha_to_one=False` to make the last step use step 0 for the previous alpha product like in Stable
            Diffusion.
    """

    _compatibles = [e.name for e in KarrasDiffusionSchedulers]
    order = 1

    @register_to_config
    def __init__(
        self,
        num_train_timesteps: int = 1000,
        beta_start: float = 0.0001,
        beta_end: float = 0.02,
        beta_schedule: str = "linear",
        trained_betas: Optional[Union[np.ndarray, List[float]]] = None,
        prediction_type: str = "epsilon",
        interpolation_type: str = "linear",
        use_karras_sigmas: Optional[bool] = False,
        timestep_spacing: str = "linspace",
        steps_offset: int = 0,
    ):
        if trained_betas is not None:
            self.betas = torch.tensor(trained_betas, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "linear":
            self.betas = torch.linspace(beta_start, beta_end, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "scaled_linear":
            # this schedule is very specific to the latent diffusion model.
            self.betas = (
                torch.linspace(beta_start**0.5, beta_end**0.5, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32) ** 2
            )
        elif beta_schedule == "squaredcos_cap_v2":
            # Glide cosine schedule
            self.betas = betas_for_alpha_bar(num_train_timesteps)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{beta_schedule} does is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        self.alphas = 1.0 - self.betas
        self.alphas_cumprod = torch.cumprod(self.alphas, dim=0)

        sigmas = np.array(((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5)
        sigmas = np.concatenate([sigmas[::-1], [0.0]]).astype(np.float32)
        self.sigmas = torch.from_numpy(sigmas)

        # setable values
        self.num_inference_steps = None
        timesteps = np.linspace(0, num_train_timesteps - 1, num_train_timesteps, dtype=float)[::-1].copy()
        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps)
        self.is_scale_input_called = False
        self.use_karras_sigmas = use_karras_sigmas

        self._step_index = None

    @property
    def init_noise_sigma(self):
        # standard deviation of the initial noise distribution
        if self.config.timestep_spacing in ["linspace", "trailing"]:
            return self.sigmas.max()

        return (self.sigmas.max() ** 2 + 1) ** 0.5

    @property
    def step_index(self):
        """
        The index counter for current timestep. It will increae 1 after each scheduler step.
        """
        return self._step_index

    def scale_model_input(
        self, sample: torch.FloatTensor, timestep: Union[float, torch.FloatTensor]
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        Ensures interchangeability with schedulers that need to scale the denoising model input depending on the
        current timestep. Scales the denoising model input by `(sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5` to match the Euler algorithm.

        Args:
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                The input sample.
            timestep (`int`, *optional*):
                The current timestep in the diffusion chain.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`:
                A scaled input sample.
        """
        if self.step_index is None:
            self._init_step_index(timestep)

        sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
        sample = sample / ((sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5)

        self.is_scale_input_called = True
        return sample

    def set_timesteps(self, num_inference_steps: int, device: Union[str, torch.device] = None):
        """
        Sets the discrete timesteps used for the diffusion chain (to be run before inference).

        Args:
            num_inference_steps (`int`):
                The number of diffusion steps used when generating samples with a pre-trained model.
            device (`str` or `torch.device`, *optional*):
                The device to which the timesteps should be moved to. If `None`, the timesteps are not moved.
        """
        self.num_inference_steps = num_inference_steps

        # "linspace", "leading", "trailing" corresponds to annotation of Table 2. of https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08891
        if self.config.timestep_spacing == "linspace":
            timesteps = np.linspace(0, self.config.num_train_timesteps - 1, num_inference_steps, dtype=np.float32)[
                ::-1
            ].copy()
        elif self.config.timestep_spacing == "leading":
            step_ratio = self.config.num_train_timesteps // self.num_inference_steps
            # creates integer timesteps by multiplying by ratio
            # casting to int to avoid issues when num_inference_step is power of 3
            timesteps = (np.arange(0, num_inference_steps) * step_ratio).round()[::-1].copy().astype(np.float32)
            timesteps += self.config.steps_offset
        elif self.config.timestep_spacing == "trailing":
            step_ratio = self.config.num_train_timesteps / self.num_inference_steps
            # creates integer timesteps by multiplying by ratio
            # casting to int to avoid issues when num_inference_step is power of 3
            timesteps = (np.arange(self.config.num_train_timesteps, 0, -step_ratio)).round().copy().astype(np.float32)
            timesteps -= 1
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{self.config.timestep_spacing} is not supported. Please make sure to choose one of 'linspace', 'leading' or 'trailing'."
            )

        sigmas = np.array(((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5)
        log_sigmas = np.log(sigmas)

        if self.config.interpolation_type == "linear":
            sigmas = np.interp(timesteps, np.arange(0, len(sigmas)), sigmas)
        elif self.config.interpolation_type == "log_linear":
            sigmas = torch.linspace(np.log(sigmas[-1]), np.log(sigmas[0]), num_inference_steps + 1).exp()
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{self.config.interpolation_type} is not implemented. Please specify interpolation_type to either"
                " 'linear' or 'log_linear'"
            )

        if self.use_karras_sigmas:
            sigmas = self._convert_to_karras(in_sigmas=sigmas, num_inference_steps=self.num_inference_steps)
            timesteps = np.array([self._sigma_to_t(sigma, log_sigmas) for sigma in sigmas])

        sigmas = np.concatenate([sigmas, [0.0]]).astype(np.float32)
        self.sigmas = torch.from_numpy(sigmas).to(device=device)

        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps).to(device=device)
        self._step_index = None

    def _sigma_to_t(self, sigma, log_sigmas):
        # get log sigma
        log_sigma = np.log(sigma)

        # get distribution
        dists = log_sigma - log_sigmas[:, np.newaxis]

        # get sigmas range
        low_idx = np.cumsum((dists >= 0), axis=0).argmax(axis=0).clip(max=log_sigmas.shape[0] - 2)
        high_idx = low_idx + 1

        low = log_sigmas[low_idx]
        high = log_sigmas[high_idx]

        # interpolate sigmas
        w = (low - log_sigma) / (low - high)
        w = np.clip(w, 0, 1)

        # transform interpolation to time range
        t = (1 - w) * low_idx + w * high_idx
        t = t.reshape(sigma.shape)
        return t

    # Copied from https://github.com/crowsonkb/k-diffusion/blob/686dbad0f39640ea25c8a8c6a6e56bb40eacefa2/k_diffusion/sampling.py#L17
    def _convert_to_karras(self, in_sigmas: torch.FloatTensor, num_inference_steps) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """Constructs the noise schedule of Karras et al. (2022)."""

        sigma_min: float = in_sigmas[-1].item()
        sigma_max: float = in_sigmas[0].item()

        rho = 7.0  # 7.0 is the value used in the paper
        ramp = np.linspace(0, 1, num_inference_steps)
        min_inv_rho = sigma_min ** (1 / rho)
        max_inv_rho = sigma_max ** (1 / rho)
        sigmas = (max_inv_rho + ramp * (min_inv_rho - max_inv_rho)) ** rho
        return sigmas

    def _init_step_index(self, timestep):
        if isinstance(timestep, torch.Tensor):
            timestep = timestep.to(self.timesteps.device)

        index_candidates = (self.timesteps == timestep).nonzero()

        # The sigma index that is taken for the **very** first `step`
        # is always the second index (or the last index if there is only 1)
        # This way we can ensure we don't accidentally skip a sigma in
        # case we start in the middle of the denoising schedule (e.g. for image-to-image)
        if len(index_candidates) > 1:
            step_index = index_candidates[1]
        else:
            step_index = index_candidates[0]

        self._step_index = step_index.item()

    def step(
        self,
        model_output: torch.FloatTensor,
        timestep: Union[float, torch.FloatTensor],
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
        s_churn: float = 0.0,
        s_tmin: float = 0.0,
        s_tmax: float = float("inf"),
        s_noise: float = 1.0,
        generator: Optional[torch.Generator] = None,
        return_dict: bool = True,
    ) -> Union[EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput, Tuple]:
        """
        Predict the sample from the previous timestep by reversing the SDE. This function propagates the diffusion
        process from the learned model outputs (most often the predicted noise).

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                The direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`float`):
                The current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.
            s_churn (`float`):
            s_tmin  (`float`):
            s_tmax  (`float`):
            s_noise (`float`, defaults to 1.0):
                Scaling factor for noise added to the sample.
            generator (`torch.Generator`, *optional*):
                A random number generator.
            return_dict (`bool`):
                Whether or not to return a [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] or
                tuple.

        Returns:
            [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is `True`, [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] is
                returned, otherwise a tuple is returned where the first element is the sample tensor.
        """

        if (
            isinstance(timestep, int)
            or isinstance(timestep, torch.IntTensor)
            or isinstance(timestep, torch.LongTensor)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                (
                    "Passing integer indices (e.g. from `enumerate(timesteps)`) as timesteps to"
                    " `EulerDiscreteScheduler.step()` is not supported. Make sure to pass"
                    " one of the `scheduler.timesteps` as a timestep."
                ),
            )

        if not self.is_scale_input_called:
            logger.warning(
                "The `scale_model_input` function should be called before `step` to ensure correct denoising. "
                "See `StableDiffusionPipeline` for a usage example."
            )

        if self.step_index is None:
            self._init_step_index(timestep)

        sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]

        gamma = min(s_churn / (len(self.sigmas) - 1), 2**0.5 - 1) if s_tmin <= sigma <= s_tmax else 0.0

        noise = randn_tensor(
            model_output.shape, dtype=model_output.dtype, device=model_output.device, generator=generator
        )

        eps = noise * s_noise
        sigma_hat = sigma * (gamma + 1)

        if gamma > 0:
            sample = sample + eps * (sigma_hat**2 - sigma**2) ** 0.5

        # 1. compute predicted original sample (x_0) from sigma-scaled predicted noise
        # NOTE: "original_sample" should not be an expected prediction_type but is left in for
        # backwards compatibility
        if self.config.prediction_type == "original_sample" or self.config.prediction_type == "sample":
            pred_original_sample = model_output
        elif self.config.prediction_type == "epsilon":
            pred_original_sample = sample - sigma_hat * model_output
        elif self.config.prediction_type == "v_prediction":
            # * c_out + input * c_skip
            pred_original_sample = model_output * (-sigma / (sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5) + (sample / (sigma**2 + 1))
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"prediction_type given as {self.config.prediction_type} must be one of `epsilon`, or `v_prediction`"
            )

        # 2. Convert to an ODE derivative
        derivative = (sample - pred_original_sample) / sigma_hat

        dt = self.sigmas[self.step_index + 1] - sigma_hat

        prev_sample = sample + derivative * dt

        # upon completion increase step index by one
        self._step_index += 1

        if not return_dict:
            return (prev_sample,)

        return EulerDiscreteSchedulerOutput(prev_sample=prev_sample, pred_original_sample=pred_original_sample)

    def add_noise(
        self,
        original_samples: torch.FloatTensor,
        noise: torch.FloatTensor,
        timesteps: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        # Make sure sigmas and timesteps have the same device and dtype as original_samples
        sigmas = self.sigmas.to(device=original_samples.device, dtype=original_samples.dtype)
        if original_samples.device.type == "mps" and torch.is_floating_point(timesteps):
            # mps does not support float64
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
        else:
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device)

        step_indices = [(schedule_timesteps == t).nonzero().item() for t in timesteps]

        sigma = sigmas[step_indices].flatten()
        while len(sigma.shape) < len(original_samples.shape):
            sigma = sigma.unsqueeze(-1)

        noisy_samples = original_samples + noise * sigma
        return noisy_samples

    def __len__(self):
        return self.config.num_train_timesteps
