betapapillomavirus betapapillomavirus betapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family papillomaviridae. human serve as natural hosts. there are six species in this genus. diseases associated with this genus include warts, papilloma, and malignant tumours. betapapillomavirus virus classification (unranked): virus realm: monodnaviria kingdom: shotokuvirae phylum: cossaviricota class: papovaviricetes order: zurhausenvirales family: papillomaviridae genus: betapapillomavirus taxonomy the following six species are assigned to the genus: betapapillomavirus 1 betapapillomavirus 2 betapapillomavirus 3 betapapillomavirus 4 betapapillomavirus 5 betapapillomavirus 6 structure viruses in betapapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and t=7 symmetry. the diameter is around 60 nm. genomes are circular, around 8kb in length. genusstructuresymmetrycapsidgenomic arrangementgenomic segmentation betapapillomavirusicosahedralt=7non-envelopedcircularmonopartite life cycle viral replication is nuclear. entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. replication follows the dsdna bidirectional replication model. dna templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. the virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. human serve as the natural host. transmission routes are contact. genushost detailstissue tropismentry detailsrelease detailsreplication siteassembly sitetransmission betapapillomavirushumansepithelial: mucous; epithelial: skincell receptor endocytosislysisnucleusnucleuscontact