chapter 234: physical examination of the cardiovascular system chapter 235: electrocardiography chapter 236: noninvasive cardiac imaging: echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, and magnetic resonance/computed tomography imaging chapter 237: diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography section 3: disorders of rhythm chapter 238: principles of electrophysiology chapter 239: the bradyarrhythmias: disorders of the sinoatrial node chapter 240: the bradyarrhythmias: disorders of the atrioventricular node chapter 241: approach to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias chapter 242: physiologic and nonphysiologic sinus tachycardia chapter 243: focal atrial tachycardia chapter 244: paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias chapter 245: common atrial flutter, macroreentrant, and multifocal atrial tachycardias chapter 246: atrial fibrillation chapter 247: approach to ventricular arrhythmias chapter 248: premature ventricular beats, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and idioventricular rhythm chapter 249: sustained ventricular tachycardia chapter 250: polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation chapter 251: electrical storm and incessant vt section 4: disorders of the heart chapter 252: heart failure: pathophysiology and diagnosis chapter 253: heart failure: management chapter 254: cardiomyopathy and myocarditis chapter 255: cardiac transplantation and prolonged assisted circulation chapter 256: aortic valve disease chapter 257: aortic regurgitation chapter 258: mitral stenosis chapter 259: mitral regurgitation chapter 260: mitral valve prolapse chapter 261: tricuspid valve disease chapter 262: pulmonic valve disease chapter 263: multiple and mixed valvular heart disease chapter 264: congenital heart disease in the adult chapter 265: pericardial disease chapter 266: atrial myxoma and other cardiac tumors section 5: coronary and peripheral vascular disease chapter 267: ischemic heart disease chapter 268: non-st-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina) chapter 269: st-segment elevation myocardial infarction chapter 270: percutaneous coronary interventions and other interventional procedures chapter 271: hypertensive vascular disease chapter 272: renovascular disease chapter 273: deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism chapter 274: diseases of the aorta chapter 275: arterial diseases of the extremities chapter 276: chronic venous disease and lymphedema chapter 277: pulmonary hypertension part 7: disorders of the respiratory system section 1: diagnosis of respiratory disorders chapter 278: approach to the patient with disease of the respiratory system chapter 279: disturbances of respiratory function chapter 280: diagnostic procedures in respiratory disease section 2: diseases of the respiratory system chapter 281: asthma chapter 282: hypersensitivity pneumonitis and pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia chapter 283: occupational and environmental lung disease chapter 284: bronchiectasis chapter 285: cystic fibrosis chapter 286: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chapter 287: interstitial lung disease chapter 288: disorders of the pleura chapter 289: disorders of the mediastinum chapter 290: disorders of ventilation chapter 291: sleep apnea chapter 292: lung transplantation part 8: critical care medicine section 1: respiratory critical care chapter 293: approach to the patient with critical illness chapter 294: acute respiratory distress syndrome chapter 295: mechanical ventilatory support section 2: shock and cardiac arrest chapter 296: approach to the patient with shock chapter 297: sepsis and septic shock chapter 298: cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema chapter 299: cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death section 3: neurologic critical care chapter 300: coma chapter 301: severe acute encephalopathies and critical care weakness chapter 302: subarachnoid hemorrhage part 9: disorders of the kidney and urinary tract chapter 303: cellular and molecular biology of the kidney chapter 304: acute kidney injury chapter 305: chronic kidney disease chapter 306: dialysis in the treatment of renal failure chapter 307: transplantation in the treatment of renal failure chapter 308: glomerular diseases chapter 309: polycystic kidney disease and other inherited disorders of tubule growth and development chapter 310: tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidney chapter 311: vascular injury to the kidney chapter 312: nephrolithiasis chapter 313: urinary tract obstruction part 10: disorders of the gastrointestinal system section 1: disorders of the alimentary tract chapter 314: approach to the patient with gastrointestinal disease chapter 315: gastrointestinal endoscopy chapter 316: diseases of the esophagus chapter 317: peptic ulcer disease and related disorders chapter 318: disorders of absorption chapter 319: inflammatory bowel disease chapter 320: irritable bowel syndrome chapter 321: diverticular disease and common anorectal disorders chapter 322: mesenteric vascular insufficiency chapter 323: acute intestinal obstruction chapter 324: acute appendicitis and peritonitis section 2: nutrition chapter 325: nutrient requirements and dietary assessment chapter 326: vitamin and trace mineral deficiency and excess chapter 327: malnutrition and nutritional assessment chapter 328: enteral and parenteral nutrition section 3: liver and biliary tract disease chapter 329: approach to the patient with liver disease chapter 330: evaluation of liver function chapter 331: the hyperbilirubinemias chapter 332: acute viral hepatitis chapter 333: toxic and drug-induced hepatitis chapter 334: chronic hepatitis chapter 335: alcoholic liver disease chapter 336: nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis chapter 337: cirrhosis and its complications chapter 338: liver transplantation chapter 339: diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts section 4: disorders of the pancreas chapter 340: approach to the patient with pancreatic disease chapter 341: acute and chronic pancreatitis part 11: immune-mediated, inflammatory, and rheumatologic disorders section 1: the immune system in health and disease chapter 342: introduction to the immune system chapter 343: the major histocompatibility complex chapter 344: primary immune deficiency diseases section 2: disorders of immune-mediated injury chapter 345: urticaria, angioedema, and allergic rhinitis chapter 346: anaphylaxis chapter 347: mastocytosis chapter 348: autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases chapter 349: systemic lupus erythematosus chapter 350: antiphospholipid syndrome chapter 351: rheumatoid arthritis chapter 358: inflammatory myopathies chapter 352: acute rheumatic fever chapter 353: systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and related disorders chapter 354: sjögren’s syndrome chapter 355: the spondyloarthritides chapter 356: the vasculitis syndromes chapter 357: behçet’s syndrome chapter 359: relapsing polychondritis chapter 360: sarcoidosis chapter 361: igg4-related disease chapter 362: familial mediterranean fever and other hereditary autoinflammatory diseases section 3: disorders of the joints and adjacent tissues chapter 363: approach to articular and musculoskeletal disorders chapter 364: osteoarthritis chapter 365: gout and other crystal-associated arthropathies chapter 367: arthritis associated with systemic disease, and other arthritides chapter 366: fibromyalgia chapter 368: periarticular disorders of the extremities part 12: endocrinology and metabolism section 1: endocrinology chapter 369: approach to the patient with endocrine disorders chapter 370: mechanisms of hormone action chapter 371: physiology of anterior pituitary hormones chapter 372: hypopituitarism chapter 373: pituitary tumor syndromes chapter 374: disorders of the neurohypophysis chapter 375: thyroid gland physiology and testing chapter 376: hypothyroidism chapter 377: hyperthyroidism chapter 378: thyroid nodular disease and thyroid cancer chapter 379: disorders of the adrenal cortex chapter 380: pheochromocytoma chapter 381: multiple endocrine neoplasia chapter 382: autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes section 2: sex- and gender-based medicine chapter 383: disorders of sex development chapter 384: disorders of the testes and male reproductive system chapter 385: disorders of the female reproductive system chapter 386: menstrual disorders and pelvic pain chapter 387: hirsutism chapter 388: menopause and postmenopausal hormone therapy chapter 389: infertility and contraception chapter 390: sexual dysfunction chapter 391: women’s health chapter 392: men’s health chapter 393: lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) health section 3: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome chapter 394: pathobiology of obesity chapter 395: evaluation and management of obesity chapter 396: diabetes mellitus: diagnosis, classification, and pathophysiology chapter 397: diabetes mellitus: management and therapies chapter 398: diabetes mellitus: complications chapter 399: hypoglycemia chapter 400: disorders of lipoprotein metabolism chapter 401: the metabolic syndrome section 4: disorders of bone and mineral metabolism chapter 402: bone and mineral metabolism in health and disease chapter 403: disorders of the parathyroid gland and calcium homeostasis chapter 404: osteoporosis chapter 405: paget’s disease and other dysplasias of bone section 5: disorders of intermediary metabolism chapter 406: heritable disorders of connective tissue chapter 407: hemochromatosis chapter 408: wilson’s disease chapter 409: the porphyrias chapter 410: disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism chapter 411: lysosomal storage diseases chapter 412: glycogen storage diseases and other inherited disorders of carbohydrate metabolism chapter 413: inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism in adults chapter 414: inherited defects of membrane transport part 13: neurologic disorders section 1: diagnosis of neurologic disorders chapter 415: approach to the patient with neurologic disease chapter 416: neuroimaging in neurologic disorders chapter 417: pathobiology of neurologic diseases section 2: diseases of the central nervous system chapter 418: seizures and epilepsy chapter 419: cerebrovascular diseases chapter 420: ischemic stroke chapter 421: intracranial hemorrhage chapter 422: migraine and other primary headache disorders chapter 429: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases chapter 423: alzheimer’s disease chapter 424: frontotemporal dementia chapter 425: vascular dementia chapter 426: dementia with lewy bodies chapter 427: parkinson’s disease chapter 428: tremor, chorea, and other movement disorders chapter 430: prion diseases chapter 431: ataxic disorders chapter 432: disorders of the autonomic nervous system chapter 433: trigeminal neuralgia, bell’s palsy, and other cranial nerve disorders chapter 434: diseases of the spinal cord chapter 435: concussion and other traumatic brain injuries chapter 436: multiple sclerosis chapter 437: neuromyelitis optica section 3: nerve and muscle disorders chapter 438: peripheral neuropathy chapter 439: guillain-barré syndrome and other immune-mediated neuropathies chapter 440: myasthenia gravis and other diseases of the neuromuscular junction chapter 441: muscular dystrophies and other muscle diseases section 4: chronic fatigue syndrome chapter 442: chronic fatigue syndrome section 5: psychiatric and addiction disorders chapter 443: biology of psychiatric disorders chapter 444: psychiatric disorders chapter 445: alcohol and alcohol use disorders chapter 446: opioid-related disorders chapter 447: cocaine and other commonly used drugs chapter 448: nicotine addiction part 14: poisoning, drug overdose, and envenomation chapter 449: heavy metal poisoning chapter 450: poisoning and drug overdose chapter 451: disorders caused by venomous snakebites and marine animal exposures chapter 452: ectoparasite infestations and arthropod injuries part 15: disorders associated with environmental exposures chapter 453: altitude illness chapter 454: hypothermia and peripheral cold injuries chapter 455: heat-related illnesses part 16: genes, the environment, and disease chapter 456: principles of human genetics chapter 457: the practice of genetics in clinical medicine chapter 458: gene and cell based therapy in clinical medicine chapter 459: the human microbiome part 17: global medicine chapter 460: global issues in medicine chapter 461: worldwide changes in patterns of infectious disease chapter 462: primary care and global health part 18: aging chapter 463: the biology of aging chapter 464: clinical problems associated with the aging process part 19: consultative medicine chapter 465: approach to medical consultation chapter 466: medical disorders during pregnancy chapter 467: medical evaluation of the surgical patient part 20: frontiers chapter 468: behavioral economics and health chapter 469: complementary, alternative, and integrative health approaches chapter 470: telomere disease chapter 471: the role of epigenetics in disease and treatment chapter 472: mitochondrial dna and heritable traits and diseases chapter 473: applications of stem cell biology in clinical medicine chapter 474: microbial genomics and infectious disease chapter 475: the role of circadian biology in health and disease chapter 476: network medicine: systems biology in health and disease chapter 477: emerging neurotherapeutic technologies part 21: video collection chapter v1: video library of gait disorders chapter v2: primary progressive aphasia, memory loss, and other focal cerebral disorders chapter v3: video library of neuro-ophthalmology chapter v4: examination of the comatose patient chapter v5: video atlas of gastrointestinal endoscopic lesions chapter v6: the neurologic screening exam chapter v7: video atlas of the detailed neurologic examination part 22: supplementary topics chapter s1: fluid and electrolyte imbalances and acid-base disturbances: case examples chapter s2: microbial bioterrorism chapter s3: chemical terrorism chapter s4: radiation terrorism chapter s5: infections in war veterans chapter s6: health care for military veterans chapter s7: primary immunodeficiencies associated with (or secondary to) other diseases chapter s8: cardiac trauma chapter s9: technique of lumbar puncture chapter s10: classification of the spinocerebellar ataxias chapter s11: hyperbaric and diving medicine chapter s12: the clinical laboratory in modern health care chapter s13: laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases chapter s14: laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections part 23: atlases chapter a1: atlas of rashes associated with fever chapter a2: atlas of oral manifestations of disease chapter a3: atlas of urinary sediments and renal biopsies chapter a4: atlas of skin manifestations of internal disease chapter a5: atlas of hematology chapter a6: atlas of blood smears of malaria and babesiosis chapter a7: atlas of electrocardiography chapter a8: atlas of noninvasive imaging chapter a9: atlas of cardiac arrhythmias chapter a10: atlas of atherosclerosis chapter a11: atlas of percutaneous revascularization chapter a12: atlas of chest imaging chapter a13: atlas of liver biopsies chapter a14: atlas of the vasculitic syndromes chapter a15: atlas of clinical manifestations of metabolic diseases chapter a16: atlas of neuroimaging part 24: clinical procedure tutorials chapter