vaginal artery vaginal artery the vaginal artery is an artery in females that supplies blood to the vagina and the base of the bladder. vaginal arteryarteries of the female reproductive tract (posterior view): uterine artery, ovarian artery and vaginal arteries.vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view.detailssourceinternal iliac arteryuterine arteryveinvaginal venous plexussuppliesurinary bladder, ureter, vaginaidentifierslatinarteria vaginalista98a12.2.15.035fta24336fma18832anatomical terminology structure vaginal artery the vaginal artery is usually a branch of the internal iliac artery. some sources say that the vaginal artery can arise from the uterine artery, but the phrase vaginal branches of uterine artery is the term for blood supply to the vagina coming from the uterine artery. the vaginal artery is frequently represented by two or three branches. these descend to the vagina, supplying its mucous membrane. they anastomose with branches from the uterine artery. it can send branches to the bulb of the vestibule, the fundus of the bladder, and the contiguous part of the rectum. function the vaginal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the muscular wall of the vagina, along with the uterine artery and the internal pudendal artery. it also supplies the cervix, along with the uterine artery. other animals in horses, the vaginal artery may haemorrhage after birth, which can cause death.