proctocolitis proctocolitis proctocolitis is a general term for inflammation of the rectum and colon. proctocolitisspecialtygastroenterology signs and symptoms cause proctocolitis has many possible causes. common infectious causes of proctocolitis include chlamydia trachomatis, lgv (lymphogranuloma venereum), neisseria gonorrhoeae, hsv, and helicobacter species. it can also be idiopathic (see colitis), vascular (as in ischemic colitis), or autoimmune (as in inflammatory bowel disease). diagnosis anoscopy can be used to diagnose the majority of cases of proctocolitis. treatment antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone and doxycycline, if there is infection