5 years of age in cambodia. notably, the rate of diarrheal disease and measles decreased significantly in response to high vaccination coverage campaign set forth by the ministry of health. public health in cambodia unsafe drinking water and lack of sanitation facilities are major risk factors of infectious disease, especially diarrhea. however, such sanitary conditions have been improving since the 1990s along with the improvements of the economy and governance of the nation. specifically, in 2010, it was estimated by the who that around 64% of households were able to receive safe drinking water, with urban counterparts of the country receiving higher rates (87%) of improved water than the rural counterpart (58%). organizations and governance ministry of health (moh): ministry of health in cambodia has been taking the leading role in improving the health of the people in cambodia since the 1990s when help from foreign ngos and external government aids were welcomed in cambodia after the establishment of relative political stability. thanks to the moh, public health administration governance has been centralized and organized so that decisions and actions are facilitated to act quickly and critically in response to public health problems. specifically, the moh follows the current health strategic plan 2008-2015 to better the health of the nation. governmental subsidies under the supervision of cambodian ministry of health, governmental health facilities are reimbursed for treatment of low-income patients. in 2012, it was estimated that subsidies were given to around 25,000 inpatients and outpatients, with a total expenditure of us$285,000. however, such governmental infrastructure is not available in rural provinces: ngos take bigger roles in the rural healthcare setting in cambodia. regional: ratanakiri health indicators in ratanakiri are the worst in cambodia. malaria, tuberculosis, intestinal parasites, cholera, diarrhea, and vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles are endemic. rattanakiri has cambodia's highest rates of maternal and child mortality, with 22.9% of children dying before the age of five. ratanakiri also has the country's highest rates of severe malnutrition. ratanakiri residents' poor health can be attributed to a variety of factors, including poverty, physical remoteness, language and cultural barriers that prevent khmer loeu from obtaining medical care, poor infrastructure and access to water, lack of accountability in the medical community, and exacerbating environmental factors such as natural resource degradation, decreasing food production, and internal migration. the province has one referral hospital, 10 health centers, and 17 health posts. medical equipment and supplies are minimal, and most health facilities are staffed by nurses or midwives, who are often poorly trained and irregularly paid. statistics note: these statistics are aggregated for both ratanakiri and mondulkiri provinces. vaccinations dpt1: 44% dpt2: 24% dpt3: 19% measles: 39% nutrition children moderately underweight: 35% children severely underweight: 19% access to health care visited health facility in last year: 13% sexual health age at first intercourse: 18.0 age at first marriage: 18.6 knows that a healthy person can have aids: 78% knows that condoms can be used to prevent aids: 33% uses any method of birth control: 8% uses condoms: 1% uses modern method of birth control: 7% delivery assistance by doctor: 1% delivery assistance by sba: 14%