trauma or the suture of a laceration. hematomas are susceptible to infection and are typically treated compression, though surgery is necessary in severe cases. excessive blood loss can cause hypovolemic shock in which cellular oxygenation can no longer take place. this can cause tachycardia, hypotension, coma, or organ failure. fluid replacement is often necessary to treat blood loss. other complications of injuries include cavitation, development of fistulas, and organ failure. social and psychological aspects injuries often cause psychological harm in addition to physical harm. traumatic injuries are associated with psychological trauma and distress, and some victims of traumatic injuries will display symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder during and after the recovery of the injury. the specific symptoms and their triggers vary depending on the nature of the injury. body image and self-esteem can also be affected by injury. injuries that cause permanent disabilities, such as spinal cord injuries, can have severe effects on self-esteem. disfiguring injuries can negatively affect body image, leading to a lower quality of life. burn injuries in particular can cause dramatic changes in a person's appearance that may negatively affect body image. severe injury can also cause social harm. disfiguring injuries may also result in stigma due to scarring or other changes in appearance. certain injuries may necessitate a change in occupation or prevent employment entirely. leisure activities are similarly limited, and athletic activities in particular may be impossible following severe injury. in some cases, the effects of injury may strain personal relationships, such as marriages. psychological and social variables have been found to affect the likelihood of injuries among athletes. increased life stress can cause an increase in the likelihood of athletic injury, while social support can decrease the likelihood of injury. social support also assists in the recovery process after athletic injuries occur.