emoxypine emoxypine emoxypine (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine), also known as mexidol or mexifin when used as the succinate salt, is an antioxidant actoprotector manufactured by pharmasoft pharmaceuticals. its chemical structure resembles that of pyridoxine (a type of vitamin b6). not to be confused with amoxapine. emoxypineclinical datatrade namesmexidolother namesemoxipine, emoxypin, epigid, 6-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridineroutes ofadministrationoral & ivatc codenonelegal statuslegal status us: unscheduled; not fda approved ru: rx only pharmacokinetic dataelimination half-life2-2.6 hidentifiers iupac name 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine cas number2364-75-2pubchem cid114681chemspider102688 yuniiv247p5h4e1comptox dashboard (epa)dtxsid40178313 echa infocard100.205.098 chemical and physical dataformulac8h11nomolar mass137.182 g·mol−13d model (jsmol)interactive imageinteractive imagemelting point170 to 172 °c (338 to 342 °f) smiles ccc1c(ccc(n1)c)ooc1ccc(nc1cc)c inchi inchi=1s/c8h11no/c1-3-7-8(10)5-4-6(2)9-7/h4-5,10h,3h2,1-2h3key:jpgdyigschwqcc-uhfffaoysa-n (verify) history emoxypine was first synthesized by l.d. smirnov and k.m. dumayev, then studied and developed in the institute of pharmacology, russian academy of medical sciences and national scientific center of bioactive substances safety. use emoxypine has a wide range of applications in medical practice, primarily as anti-oxidant. it purportedly exercises anxiolytic, anti-stress, anti-alcohol, anticonvulsant, nootropic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory action. emoxypine presumably improves cerebral blood circulation, inhibits thrombocyte aggregation, lowers cholesterol levels, has cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic action. compound’s iron chelating property in vitro, shows potential in the management of neurodegenerative conditions such as alzheimer's disease (ad), as well as hematologic disorders. mechanism of action emoxypine's mechanism of action is believed to be its antioxidant and membrane-protective effects with the following key components: emoxypine inhibits oxidation of biomembrane lipids. increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically that of superoxide dismutase, responsible for the formation and consumption of lipid peroxides and active oxygen forms. inhibits free radicals during the synthesis of prostaglandin catalyzed cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, increases the correlation prostacyclin/ thromboxane a2 and blocks the leukotriene formation. increases the content of polar fraction of lipids (phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol) and reduces the cholesterol/phospholipids ratio which proves its lipid-regulatory properties; shifts structure transition into the low temperature zones, that is provokes the reduction of membrane viscosity and the increase of its fluidity, increases lipid-protein ratio. modulates the activity of membrane-bound enzymes: phosphodiesterase, cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase, aldoreductase, acetylcholinesterase. modulates the receptor complexes of the brain membranes, i.e. benzodiazepine, gaba, acetylcholine receptors by increasing their binding ability. stabilizes biomembranes, i.e. membrane structures of blood cells - erythrocytes and thrombocytes during their haemolysis or mechanical injury accompanied by the formation of free radicals. changes the monoamine level and increases the dopamine content in the brain. clinical study one study determined the effectiveness of emoxypine in 205 patients with clinical manifestations of lumbosacral radiculopathy (lsr). patients were divided into two groups, and further were divided into subgroups depending on the presence of motor disturbances. all patients received a course of conventional medical treatment and physiotherapy; main group additionally received emoxypine. thereafter, clinical-neurological control of long-term results of treatment in subgroups of patients was performed. the results showed that the use of emoxypine in the combined therapy of patients with lsr led to significant and persistent reduction of severity of pain syndrome and rapid recovery of function of spinal roots and peripheral nerves compared with conventional therapy.