nv-5138 nv-5138 nv-5138 is an orally and centrally active small-molecule drug which is under development by navitor pharmaceuticals for the treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd). it directly and selectively activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mtorc1) signaling pathway by binding to and modulating sestrin2, a leucine amino acid sensor and upstream regulatory pathway. the mtorc1 pathway is the same signaling pathway that the nmda receptor antagonist ketamine activates in the medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) to mediate its rapid-acting antidepressant effects. a single oral dose of nv-5138 has been found to increase mtorc1 signaling and produce synaptogenesis in the mpfc and to induce rapid antidepressant effects in multiple animal models of depression. like those of ketamine, these actions require the signaling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf). the antidepressant effects following a single dose of nv-5138 are long-lasting, with a duration of up to 7 days, and are similar to those of ketamine. based on these promising preclinical findings, efforts are underway to assess nv-5138 in clinical trials with human subjects. by november 2019, nv-5138 had completed three phase i studies for the treatment of mdd. in these studies, preliminary evidence of efficacy, tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics was observed, and as of 2021 it was into phase ii trials. nv-5138clinical dataroutes ofadministrationby mouthdrug classsestrin2 modulator; mtorc1 activatoridentifiers iupac name (2s)-2-amino-5,5-difluoro-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid cas number2095886-80-7 ypubchem cid129050791chemspider65568226unii06ca9qmg6zchemical and physical dataformulac7h13f2no2molar mass181.183 g·mol−13d model (jsmol)interactive image smiles cc(c)(cc(c(=o)o)n)c(f)f inchi inchi=1s/c7h13f2no2/c1-7(2,6(8)9)3-4(10)5(11)12/h4,6h,3,10h2,1-2h3,(h,11,12)/t4-/m0/s1key:hrfimcjtdkeppv-bypyzucnsa-n