strategies, but is only about 85% as sensitive. because of this relatively low sensitivity, us guidelines advocate the over 5 times more expensive procedures instead, because even the relatively small increase in lives saved and 5-fold cost increase is seen as worth choosing, given us living standards. history in the 1960s, dr. niwa and dr. yamagata at tokyo university developed the device. after 1968, dr. william wolff and dr. hiromi shinya pioneered the development of the colonoscope. their invention, in 1969 in japan, was an advance over the barium enema and the flexible sigmoidoscope because it allowed for the visualization and removal of polyps from the entire large intestine. wolff and shinya advocated for their invention and published much of the early evidence needed to overcome skepticism about the device's safety and efficacy. colonoscopy with ccd invention and market is led by fuji film, olympus and hoya in japan. in 1982, dr. lawrence kaplan of aspen medical group in st. paul, mn reported a series of 100 consecutive colonoscopies and upper endoscopies performed in a free-standing clinic miles from the nearest hospital, demonstrating the safety and cost effectiveness of these outpatient procedures. (personal communication to the joint commission on ambulatory care, may 1983) etymology the terms colonoscopy or coloscopy are derived from the ancient greek noun κόλον, same as english colon, and the verb σκοπεῖν, look (in)to, examine. the term colonoscopy is however ill-constructed, as this form supposes that the first part of the compound consists of a possible root κολων- or κολον-, with the connecting vowel -o, instead of the root κόλ- of κόλον. a compound such as κολωνοειδής, like a hill, (with the additional -on-) is derived from the ancient greek word κολώνη or κολωνός, hill. similarly, colonoscopy (with the additional -on-) can literally be translated as examination of the hill, instead of the examination of the colon. in english, multiple words exist that are derived from κόλον, such as colectomy, colocentesis, colopathy, and colostomy among many others, that actually lack the incorrect additional -on-. a few compound words such as colonopathy have doublets with -on- inserted.