well as those with allergies or intolerance. correct cleaning and sanitizing procedures, cleaning products and their correct use, and the storage of cleaning items such as brushes, mops and cloths. personal hygiene, hand washing, illness, and protective clothing. food safety standards and requirements are set out at the national level in the food standards code, and brought into force in each state and territory by state-based acts and regulations. legislation means that people responsible for selling or serving unsafe food may be liable for heavy fines. china food safety is a growing concern in chinese agriculture. the chinese government oversees agricultural production as well as the manufacture of food packaging, containers, chemical additives, drug production, and business regulation. in recent years, the chinese government attempted to consolidate food regulation with the creation of the state food and drug administration in 2003, and officials have also been under increasing public and international pressure to solve food safety problems. however, it appears that regulations are not well known by the trade. labels used for "green" food, "organic" food and "pollution-free" food are not well recognized by traders and many are unclear about their meaning. a survey by the world bank found that supermarket managers had difficulty in obtaining produce that met safety requirements and found that a high percentage of produce did not comply with established standards. traditional marketing systems, whether in china or the rest of asia, presently provide little motivation or incentive for individual farmers to make improvements to either quality or safety as their produce tends to get grouped together with standard products as it progresses through the marketing channel. direct linkages between farmer groups and traders or ultimate buyers, such as supermarkets, can help avoid this problem. governments need to improve the condition of many markets through upgrading management and reinvesting market fees in physical infrastructure. wholesale markets need to investigate the feasibility of developing separate sections to handle fruits and vegetables that meet defined safety and quality standards. european union the parliament of the european union (eu) makes legislation in the form of directives and regulations, many of which are mandatory for member states and which therefore must be incorporated into individual countries' national legislation. as a very large organisation that exists to remove barriers to trade between member states, and into which individual member states have only a proportional influence, the outcome is often seen as an excessively bureaucratic 'one size fits all' approach. however, in relation to food safety the tendency to err on the side of maximum protection for the consumer may be seen as a positive benefit. the eu parliament is informed on food safety matters by the european food safety authority. individual member states may also have other legislation and controls in respect of food safety, provided that they do not prevent trade with other states, and can differ considerably in their internal structures and approaches to the regulatory control of food safety. from 13 december 2014, new legislation - the eu food information for consumers regulation 1169/2011 - require food businesses to provide allergy information on food sold unpackaged, in for example catering outlets, deli counters, bakeries and sandwich bars. a further addition to the 2014 legislation, named 'natasha's law' will come into force on 1st october in the uk and ni. following the death of natasha ednan-laperouse, who died after eating a sandwich containing the allergen sesame, foods pre-packed on premises for direct sale will require individual ingredients labelling - this replaces the historic requirement for outlets to provide ingredients information for these types of food upon request. france agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (anses) is a french governmental agency dealing with food safety. germany the federal ministry of food, agriculture and consumer protection (bmel) is a federal ministry of the federal republic of germany. history: founded as federal ministry of food, agriculture and foresting in 1949, this name did not change until 2001. then the name changed to federal ministry of consumer protection, food and agriculture. at 22 november 2005, the name got changed again to its current state: federal ministry of food, agriculture and consumer protection. the reason for this last change was that all the resorts should get equal ranking which was achieved by sorting the resorts alphabetically. vision: a balanced and healthy diet with safe food, distinct consumer rights and consumer information for various areas of life, and a strong and sustainable agriculture as well as perspectives for our rural areas are important goals of the federal ministry of food, agriculture and consumer protection (bmelv). the federal office of consumer protection and food safety is under the control of the federal ministry of food, agriculture and consumer protection. it exercises several duties, with which it contributes to safer food and thereby intensifies health-based consumer protection in germany. food can be manufactured and sold within germany without a special permission, as long as it does not cause any damage on consumers’ health and meets the general standards set by the legislation. however, manufacturers, carriers, importers and retailers are responsible for the food they pass into circulation. they are obliged to ensure and document the safety and quality of their food with the use of in-house control mechanisms. greece in greece, the hellenic food authority (efet) governing body supervised by the ministry of the environment and energy (greek: υπουργείο περιβάλλοντος και ενέργειας), it is in charge of ensuring food sold is safe and fit for consumption. it controls the food business operators including agricultural producers, food processors, retailers, caterers, input material suppliers and private laboratories. hong kong in hong kong sar, the food and environmental hygiene department is in charge of ensuring food sold is safe and fit for consumption. hungary in hungary, the national food chain safety office controls the food business operators including agricultural producers, food processors, retailers, caterers, input material suppliers and private laboratories. its activities also cover risk assessment, risk communication and related research. india food safety and standards authority of india, established under the food safety and standards act, 2006, is the regulating body related to food safety and laying down of standards of food in india. japan to ensure the safety of imported foods and related products, article 27 of the food sanitation act obliges importers to submit import notification. as article 27 of the food sanitation act states that “those who wish to import food, food additives, apparatuses, or container/packages for sale or for use in business, shall notify the minister of health, labour, and welfare on each occasion as prescribed by the ministerial ordinance,” the imported foods and related products must not be used for sale without import notification. new zealand the new zealand food safety authority (nzfsa), or te pou oranga kai o aotearoa is the new zealand government body responsible for food safety. nzfsa is also the controlling authority for imports and exports of food and food-related products. the nzfsa as of 2012 is now a division of the ministry for primary industries (mpi) and is no longer its own organization. pakistan the pure food ordinance 1960 consolidates and amends the law in relation to the preparation and the sale of foods. its aim is to ensure purity of food being supplied to people in the market and, therefore, provides for preventing adulteration. pakistan hotels and restaurant act, 1976 applies to all hotels and restaurants in pakistan and seeks to control and regulate the standard of service(s) by hotels and restaurants. in addition to other provisions, under section 22(2), the sale of food or beverages that are contaminated, not prepared hygienically or served in utensils that are not hygienic or clean is an offense. korea food & drug administration korea food & drug administration (kfda) is working for food safety since 1945. it is part of the government of south korea. ioas-organic certification bodies registered in kfda: "organic" or related claims can be labelled on food products when organic certificates are considered as valid by kfda. kfda admits organic certificates which can be issued by 1) ifoam (international federation of organic agriculture movement) accredited certification bodies 2) government accredited certification bodies – 328 bodies in 29 countries have been registered in kfda. food import report: according to food import report, it is supposed to report or register what you import. competent authority is as follows: productauthority imported agricultural products, processed foods, food additives, utensils, containers & packages or health functional foodskfda (korea food and drug administration) imported livestock, livestock products (including dairy products)nvrqs (national veterinary research and quarantine service) packaged meat, milk & dairy products (butter, cheese), hamburger patties, meat ball and other processed products which are stipulated by livestock sanitation management actnvrqs (national veterinary research and quarantine service) imported marine products; fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, dehydrated, eviscerated marine produce which can be recognized its characteristicsnfis (national fisheries products quality inspection service) national institute of food and drug safety evaluation national institute of food and drug safety evaluation (nifds) is functioning as well. the national institute of food and drug safety evaluation is a national organization for toxicological tests and research. under the korea food & drug administration, the institute performs research on toxicology, pharmacology, and risk analysis of foods, drugs, and their additives. the institute strives primarily to understand important biological triggering mechanisms and improve assessment methods of human exposure, sensitivities, and risk by (1) conducting basic, applied, and policy research that closely examines biologically triggering harmful effects on the regulated products such as foods, food additives, and drugs, and operating the national toxicology program for the toxicological test development and inspection of hazardous chemical substances assessments. the institute ensures safety by investigation and research on safety by its own researchers, contract research by external academicians and research centers. taiwan in taiwan, the ministry of health and welfare in charge of food and drug safety, also evaluate the catering industry to maintenance the food product quality. currently, us $29.01 million budget is allocated each year for food safety-related efforts. turkey in turkey, the ministry of agriculture and forestry, is in charge of food safety and they provide their mission as "to ensure access to safe food and high-quality agricultural products needed by turkey and world markets" among other responsibilities. the institution itself has research and reference laboratories across the country helping the control and inspection of food safety as well as reviewing and updating the current regulations and laws about food safety constantly. united kingdom in the uk the food standards agency is an independent government department responsible for food safety and hygiene across the uk. they work with businesses to help them produce safe food, and with local authorities to enforce food safety regulations. in 2006 food hygiene legislation changed and new requirements came into force. the main requirement resulting from this change is that anyone who owns or run a food business in the uk must have a documented food safety management system, which is based on the principles of hazard analysis critical control point haccp. furthermore, according to uk legislation, food handlers and their supervisors must be adequately trained in food safety. although food handlers are not legally obliged to hold a certificate they must be able to demonstrate to a health officer that they received training on the job, have prior experience, and have completed self-study. in practice, the self-study component is covered via a food hygiene & safety certificate. common occupations which fall under this obligation are nannys, childminders, teachers, food manufacturers, chefs, cooks and catering staff. in early 2019, as part of us-uk negotiations to arrive at a trade deal prior to brexit, the trump administration asked the uk to eliminate its existing ban on chlorinated chicken, genetically modified plants and hormone-injected beef, products that the us would like to sell in the uk. united states us fda scientist tests for salmonella. the us food system is regulated by numerous federal, state and local officials. since 1906 tremendous progress has been made in producing safer foods as can be seen in the section below. still, it has been criticized as lacking in "organization, regulatory tools, and not addressing food borne illness". federal level regulation the food and drug administration (fda) publishes the food code, a model set of guidelines and procedures that