effective at treating depression than medication over long periods of time, but the most effective treatment of depression was exercise in combination with antidepressants. exercise appeared to have the greatest effect on mental health a short period of time after exercise. different studies have found this time to be from twenty minutes to several hours. patients who have added exercise to other treatments tend to have more consistent long lasting relief from symptoms than those who just take medication. no single regimented workout has been agreed upon as most effective for any mental illness at this time. the exercise programs prescribed are mostly intended to get patients doing some form of physical activity, as the benefits of doing any form of exercise have been proven to be better than doing nothing at all. other electroconvulsive therapy (known as ect) is when electric currents are applied to someone with a mental disorder who is not responding well to other forms of therapy. psychosurgery, including deep brain stimulation, is another available treatment for some disorders. this form of therapy is disputed in many cases on its ethicality and effectiveness. creative therapies are sometimes used, including music therapy, art therapy or drama therapy. each form of these therapy involves performing, creating, listening to, observing, or being a part of the therapeutic act. lifestyle adjustments and supportive measures are often used, including peer support, self-help and supported housing or employment. some advocate dietary supplements. a placebo effect may play a role. services mental health services may be based in hospitals, clinics or the community. often an individual may engage in different treatment modalities and use various mental health services. these may be under case management (sometimes referred to as "service coordination"), use inpatient or day treatment. patients can utilize a psychosocial rehabilitation program or take part in an assertive community treatment program. providing optimal treatments earlier in the course of a mental health disorder may prevent further relapses and ongoing disability. this has led to a new early intervention in psychosis service approach for psychosis some approaches are based on a recovery model of mental disorder, and may focus on challenging stigma and social exclusion and creating empowerment and hope. in america, half of people with severe symptoms of a mental health condition were found to have received no treatment in the prior 12 months. fear of disclosure, rejection by friends, and ultimately discrimination are a few reasons why people with mental health conditions often don't seek help. the uk is moving towards paying mental health providers by the outcome results that their services achieve. stigmas and treatment stigma against mental disorders can lead people with mental health conditions not to seek help. two types of mental health stigmas include social stigma and perceived stigma. though separated into different categories, the two can interact with each other, where prejudicial attitudes in social stigma lead to the internalization of discriminatory perceptions in perceived stigma. the stigmatization of mental illnesses can elicit stereotypes, some common ones including violence, incompetence, and blame. however, the manifestation of that stereotype into prejudice may not always occur. when it does, prejudice leads to discrimination, the behavioral reaction. public stigmas may also harm social opportunities. prejudice frequently disallows people with mental illnesses from finding suitable housing or procuring good jobs. studies have shown that stereotypes and prejudice about mental illness have harmful impacts on obtaining and keeping good jobs. this, along with other negative effects of stigmatization have led researchers to conduct studies on the relationship between public stigma and care seeking. researchers have found that an inverse relationship exists between public stigma and care seeking, as well as between stigmatizing attitudes and treatment adherence. furthermore, specific beliefs that may influence people not to seek treatment have been identified, one of which is concern over what others might think. the internalization of stigmas may lead to self-prejudice which in turn can lead a person to experience negative emotional reactions, interfering with a person's quality of life. research has shown a significant relationship between shame and avoiding treatment. a study measuring this relationship found that research participants who expressed shame from personal experiences with mental illnesses were less likely to participate in treatment. additionally, family shame is also a predictor of avoiding treatment. research showed that people with psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to avoid services if they believed family members would have a negative reaction to said services. hence, public stigma can influence self-stigma, which has been shown to decrease treatment involvement. as such, the interaction between the two constructs impact care seeking. list of treatments somatotherapy (type of pharmacotherapy; biology-based treatments) psychiatric medications (psychoactive drugs used in psychiatry) antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) antidepressant drugs antipsychotic drugs mood stabilizers shock therapy also known as convulsive therapies insulin shock therapy (no longer practiced) electroconvulsive therapy psychosurgery leukotomy (prefrontal lobotomy; no longer practiced) bilateral cingulotomy deep brain stimulation psychotherapy (psychology-based treatment) cognitive behavioral therapy psychoanalysis gestalt therapy interpersonal psychotherapy emdr behavior therapy