which was between us$3.7 and us$5.5 per capita, this is a significant increase. according to the water operators' association aneas, mexico needs us$6.6 billion investments per year to make up for historic underinvestment. financing investments are financed by federal (61% in 2011, up from 33% in 2005), state (23%, both in 2011 and 2005) and local subsidies (11% in 2011, down from 14% in 2005) and other sources (5% in 2011, down from 31% in 2005), the latter including self-financing, credits and private funding. two thirds of the investment is channeled through several conagua programs. due to overlapping planning and budget cycles at the national, regional and local level as well as poor coordinated investment plans, project planning is very difficult. external support most water and sanitation investments in mexico are financed domestically. among the major external lenders for water supply and sanitation are the world bank and the inter-american development bank, which channel their loans to utilities through the national water commission. the japan international cooperation agency (jica) support a potable water quality control project in mexico city since 2005. world bank the world bank supported a us$300 million project in the state of guanajuato from 2004 to 2009, of which 40% were allocated for water supply and sanitation. it also supported a us$55.2 million technical assistance project for the modernization of the water and sanitation sector approved in 2005. inter-american development bank the inter-american development bank has financed a series of rural water supply and sanitation projects in mexico with a focus on decentralization, community development and participation. it began with a first us$560 million project approved in 1998 community development and participation in 20 states, followed by a second us$292.5 million project approved in 2005. a third phase with a cost of us$200 million was under preparation in early 2010. prome prome stands for programa de mejoramiento de eficiencia de organismos operadores, in english translates to the mexico water utilities efficiency improvement project. prome was established in 2010 and was dedicated to improve current utilities across the country to be more energy efficient. the mexican government specifically instilled this project in order to reduce sector subsidies. one of the main focus areas that prome targets are water utilities. before prome was even an idea in 2005, 98% of urban population in mexico did have access to improved water resources. however, the resources from all 98% were very inefficient due to the lack of financial stability from their providers and high rates of efficiency. prome sought to tackle both these issue head on in order to provide the most quality water services in mexico. this project also worked hand-in-hand with mexico's national water commission (conagua). together, some of the results seen from conagua and prome included: working with 91 water utility companies in 25 mexican states, 12 water utility companies recorded an increase in commercial usage by around 5%, and sepal, a utility company out of jalisco, had a reduction their water usage while their company was still growing thus leaving more usage for those in need. organizations and programs lerma-chapala river basin council laguna catemaco the lerma-chapala river basin council was first introduced in 1993 and was improvement council from the previous river basin council. the lerma-chapala council was established by the mexican federal government as well as five state governments. the goal of both councils were to created programs that allocate water usage among regions in mexico city, querétaro, guanajuato, jalisco, and michoacan. these five states chose to establish this council because a river basin that flows from river lerma to lake chapala and runs through all five of these states. there are approximately 11,300,00 total combined resident all five states that share this river, that also happens to be very shallow averaging 7.2 meters deep. there are four major water concerns that the council wishes to address: water scarcity, pollution, alteration to lake chapala, and alterations to the overall basin ecosystem. in order to address such issues the council focused their own efforts on having equal distribution of water by having policies set in place, treatment of river water quality, increasing usage efficiency, and figuring out how to conserve the basin. sierra madre water program the sierra madre water program was designed to help low-income villages and communities in both mexico and guatemala and is partnership between water charity, the national peace corps association, and the sexto col center for community action. overall, the program is aimed at improving three things: access to safe water, sanitation, and health services to approximately 300 villages. they also hope to provide safe with the intentions of if being using for hygiene and agriculture in various households. some of the projects here are working to implement safe water are improving and adding water technologies such building holding tanks connected to villages through a water line. implementing more common things such as pumps, wells, rainwater catchment systems, water purification solutions, irrigation systems, aqueducts, etc. depending on the village, this program will also be running sub projects that focus on health, hygiene, and sanitation rather than access. projects such as clinics, bathrooms, and hand washing stations are a priority among health and hygiene. as of 2014, this program has already completed various village wide projects in 8 mexican villages and still continues to do today. fundación cántaro azul fundación cántaro azul is a non-profit organization operating of chiapas, mexico that takes a multi-disciplinary approach to providing people throughout mexico with access to clean water, sanitation, and hygienic practices. fundación cántaro azul (fca) undergoes a wide range of activities in order to achieve its goal. the organization primarily creates and provides communities with water sanitation and hygienic technologies, like home water sanitation, that ensure households and communities with good water quality and other public health benefits. accompanying these activities, fca conducts research to assess quality at project locations. also, they champion education programs that promote good hygiene practices. they work closely with communities, as well as local health services, governments, and organizations, to ensure that each project is tailored to fit that community's needs.