the integrity of wetlands and forests play a huge role in the acquisition and replenishment of freshwater resources because natural ecosystems act as filters to clean water and protect it from diseases that can harm the animal or human health. sdg 15 has a direct link to sdg 8 includes high-yield agriculture and tourism, which attracts tourists through protected ecosystems and biodiverse environments, thereby enhancing economic returns. maintaining biodiversity plays a vital role in helping to mitigate and adapt to climate change. mangrove forests, for example, account for approximately 1% of carbon sequestration by the world's forests, but about 14% by the global ocean. therefore, negative impacts on mangrove habitats can result in very high ghg emissions. the impact of land-based activities such as agriculture, land reclamation and urban development on ecosystems demonstrates the high degree of linkage between sdg 13, sdg 14 and sdg 15, and the importance of the overall management of all three.