nutrition facts label nutrition facts label the nutrition facts label (also known as the nutrition information panel, and other slight variations) is a label required on most packaged food in many countries, showing what nutrients and other ingredients (to limit and get enough of) are in the food. labels are usually based on official nutritional rating systems. most countries also release overall nutrition guides for general educational purposes. in some cases, the guides are based on different dietary targets for various nutrients than the labels on specific foods. a sample nutrition facts label, with instructions from the u.s. food and drug administration fda commissioner margret hamburg speaks at a white house event regarding proposed updates to the fda's nutrition facts labels for food packaging. feb. 27, 2014 nutrition facts labels are one of many types of food labels required by regulation or applied by manufacturers. they were first introduced in the u.s. in 1994, and in the u.k. in 1996. australia and new zealand australia and new zealand use a nutritional information panel of the following format: nutrition information servings per package: serving size: g quantity per serving quantity per 100 g energy0kj (cal) protein0g fat, total0g - saturated0g carbohydrategg - sugarsgg sodiummgmg other items are included as appropriate, and the units may be varied as appropriate (e.g. substituting ml for g, or mmol for mg in the 'sodium' row). in april 2013 the new zealand government introduced rules around common claims made on food packaging, such as 'low in fat'. in june 2019, the food regulation standing committee (frsc) proposed pictorial approaches to convey the amount of sugars and/or added sugar in a serving of food. an experiment showed that sugar-teaspoon labelling reduced the intention to purchase of sugar-sweetened beverages. canada a canadian nutrition label displaying information in both english and french in canada, a standardized "nutrition facts" label was introduced as part of regulations passed in 2003, and became mandatory for most prepackaged food products on december 12, 2005. (smaller businesses were given until december 12, 2007, to make the information available.) in accordance with food packaging laws in the country, all information, including the nutrition label, must be written in both english and french, the country's two official languages. the province of québec has specific requirements in regards to bilingual packaging, most notably being that the french language must be the prominent language on product labels. canadian regulation tightly controls the manner in which the nutrition fact table (nft) data are laid out. there is a variety of possible formats for use on a given food package. a hierarchy is used to select among the formats (28 main formats, and 2–7 sub formats for each). this results in standard (vertical) formats being considered for use before horizontal and linear formats. the selection hierarchy also allows the nft to occupy no more than 15% of the physical package's available display area (ads), but never to be smaller than a format that would be less than 15% of ads. in practice, determining the ads of a package, and selecting the appropriate nft format, can be a detailed calculation. china in 2011 the chinese ministry of health released the national food safety standard for nutrition labeling of prepackaged foods (gb 28050-2011). the core nutrients that must be on a label are: protein, fat, carbohydrate and sodium. energy is noted in kj. and all values must be per 100g/100ml. an example of a chinese nutrition facts label european union and united kingdom a uk nutrition information label, for low-fat yoghurt. a key difference from us labelling is that it always gives values for a set quantity (100 ml or - like here - 100 g), allowing easy comparison between products. also, fibre is not considered a type of carbohydrate. a rare example of optional nutrition facts on a label for oranges (in the eu not mandatory for unprocessed fruits) the united kingdom introduced guideline daily amounts in 1996. this system was adopted in the european union and replicated other countries. it was regulated by the commission directive 2008/100/ec of 28 october 2008 amending council directive 90/496/eec on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions. a new regulation is now in force (regulation 1169/2011). nutritional labelling becomes mandatory for most pre-packaged foods as from december 2016. in the european union, along the "old" rules (directive 90/496, amended), the information (usually in panel format) is most often labelled "nutrition information" (or equivalent in other eu languages). an example is shown on the right. the panel is optional, but if provided, the prescribed content and format must be followed. it will always give values for a set quantity—100 g (3.5 oz) or 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 us fl oz) of the product—and often also for a defined "serving", as an option. first will come the energy values, in both kilocalories and kilojoules. then will come a breakdown of constituent elements: usually most or all of protein, carbohydrate, starch, sugar, fat, fibre and sodium. the "fat" figure is likely to be further broken down into saturated and unsaturated fat, while the "carbohydrate" figure is likely to give a subtotal for sugars. with the "new" rules, the mandatory information is: energy, fat, saturates, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt, in that particular order, with options to extend this list to: mono-unsaturates, polyunsaturates, polyols, starch, fibre, and vitamins and minerals. with regards to health claims and nutrition (composition) claims, these are harmonised in the eu through regulation 1924/2006, amended. in november 2012, the european commission published two new regulations: regulation (ec) no. 1047/2012 and regulation (ec) no.1048/2012. certain nutrition claim groups as of regulation (ec) no 1924/2006 had to be changed. moreover, the health claims associated to barley beta-gluten were amended (e.g. lowering blood cholesterol). within regulation 1924, there are legal definitions of terms such as "low fat", "high fibre", "reduced calories". all health claims have been harmonized in the european union. they can be used if they have been approved by efsa. the list of approved and rejected claims is available on a web site. provided the full nutrition information is shown on the packet, additional nutritional information and formats (e.g. a traffic light rating system) may be included and this falls outside the scope of regulation. the united kingdom regulations are given in schedules 6 and 7 of the food labelling regulations 1996. hong kong in hong kong nutrition facts labels are regulated by the subsidiary legislation food and drugs (composition and labelling) (amendment: requirements for nutrition labelling and nutrition claim) regulation 2008. india the ministry of health and family welfare had, on september 19, 2008, notified the prevention of food adulteration (5th amendment) rules, 2008, mandating packaged food manufacturers to declare on their product labels nutritional information and a mark from the f.p.o or agmark (companies that are responsible for checking food products) to enable consumers to make informed choices while purchasing. prior to this amendment, disclosure of nutritional information was largely voluntary though many large manufacturers tended to adopt the international practice. mexico food products sold in mexico use the nom-051-scfi-1994 "información nutrimental" product labelling standard, very similar to "nutrition facts" in the us. the official mexican standard, or nom (norma oficial mexicana), was developed by the mexican secretary of commerce and industrial promotion (secretaría de comercio y fomento industrial), now a part of the secretary of the economy (secofi). it entered into effect on january 24, 1996, and defines "general specifications for labelling foods and pre-bottled non-alcoholic beverages." singapore in 1998, the voluntary healthier choice symbol system was created by the national health promotion board (hpb) to allow consumer make informed food choices while shopping for groceries. this system was extended to food operators in 2003, allowing them to display the symbol next to the dishes meeting its criteria on the menu. in 2020, hpb, along with its parent ministry, ministry of health, introduced a new compulsory grading system, nutri-grade for pre-packaged drinks, supplanting the healthier choice symbol to combat obesity. nutri-grade system is based on the sugar and saturated fat content in beverages, and has four grading levels. this was enforced in december 2022, and would be rolled out to freshly prepared beverages by end of 2023. united states description in the united states, the nutritional facts label lists the daily value (%dv) or the percentage supplied in a serving (portion) or an entire package that is recommended to be met or not to exceed in the daily american diet. a footnote on the label states that the % daily value (dv) refers to the percent each nutrient “contributes to a daily diet” and that “2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.” with certain exceptions, such as baby foods and infant formula, the following daily values are used. these are called reference daily intake (rdi) values and were originally based on the highest 1968 recommended dietary allowances (rda) for each nutrient in order to assure that the needs of all age and sex combinations were met. these are older than the current rda of the dietary reference intake. for vitamin c, vitamin d, vitamin e, vitamin k, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese, the current highest rdas are up to 50% higher than the older daily values used in labeling, whereas for other nutrients the recommended needs have gone down. a side-by-side table of the old and new adult daily values is provided at reference daily intake. as of october 2010, the only micronutrients that are required to be included on all labels are vitamin a, vitamin c, calcium, and iron. to determine the nutrient levels in the foods, companies may develop or use databases, and these may be submitted voluntarily to the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) for review. nutrient daily value for label (before 2016 update) highest rda of dri unit vitamin a5,0003,000iu vitamin c6090mg thiamine (vitamin b1)1.51.2mg riboflavin (vitamin b2)1.71.3mg niacin (vitamin b3)2016mg pantothenic acid (vitamin b5)105mg pyridoxine (vitamin b6)21.7mg folate (vitamin b9)400400μg biotin (vitamin b7)30030μg cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12)62.4μg vitamin d400600iu vitamin e1215mg vitamin k80120μg calcium1,0001,300mg iron1818mg phosphorus1,0001,250mg iodine150150μg magnesium400420mg zinc1511mg selenium7055μg copper20.9mg manganese22.3mg chromium12035μg molybdenum7545μg chloride3,4002,300mg additionally, there is a requirement for ingredients to be listed in order from highest to lowest quantity, according to their weight. this requirement has some flexibility during the covid-19 pandemic. the original fda nutrition facts label, as of 2006the new nutrition facts label, in use since 2016 the label was mandated for most food products under the provisions of the 1990 nutrition labeling and education act (nlea), per the recommendations of the fda. it was one of several controversial actions taken during the tenure of fda commissioner, dr. david kessler. the law required food companies to begin using the new food label on packaged foods beginning may 8, 1994. (meat and poultry products were not covered by nlea, though the u.s. department of agriculture proposed similar regulations for voluntary labeling of raw meat and poultry. foods labeled before that day could use the old label. this appeared on all products in 1995. the old label was titled "nutrition information per serving" or simply, "nutrition information". the label begins with a standard serving measurement, calories are listed second, and then following is a breakdown of the constituent elements including % daily value (%dv). always listed are total fat, sodium, carbohydrates and protein; the other nutrients usually shown may be suppressed, if they are zero. usually all 15 nutrients are shown: calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, protein, vitamin a, vitamin c, calcium, and iron. products containing less than 5 g of fat show amounts rounded to the nearest 0.5 g. amounts less than 0.5 g are rounded to 0 g. for example, if a product contains 0.45 g of trans fat per serving, and the package contains 18 servings, the label would show 0 g of trans fat, even though the product actually contains a total of 8.1 g of trans fat. in addition to the nutrition label, products may display certain nutrition information or health claims on packaging. these health claims are only allowed by the fda for "eight diet and health relationships based on proven scientific evidence", including: calcium and osteoporosis, fiber-containing grain products, fruits and