kathy grant and donna williams. ani is an organization that publishes newsletters "written by and for autistic people". this grew into the autism rights movement. neurodiversity is the idea that people can think differently to the norm without those differences being a medical problem. australian sociologist judy singer and american self-advocate jane meyerdin coined the term in 1998. it was used by the group known as the "institute for the study of the neurologically typical" (inst). the term first appeared in print in the september 1998 article neurodiviersity in the atlantic, by american journalist harvey blume. the term neurodivergent was later coined in 2000 by american neurodiversity activist kassiane asasumasu. autism in china autism was first diagnosed in the people's republic of china in 1982 by professor tao guotai (陶国泰) from the nanjing brain hospital. he presented the case in a chinese journal. in the late 1980s, he introduced his findings to the global audience in english. the "china compulsory education law" (中华人民共和国义务教育法) was enacted in 1986. like the american eha, it required public schools to accept students with disabilities. autism in the united states the us congress endorsed autism awareness month in 1984. newly established organizations domus instituto de autismo was established in mexico in may 1980 by parents of children with autism. autism-europe began in 1983, co-ordinating autism organisations across europe. in brazil, associação de amigos do autista (ama, association of friends of the autistic) was founded in 1983. within a year of this, they were running a school. they are their country's main autism association. the autism society of taiwan (中華民國自閉症總會) was founded in january 1985. eleven mothers of autistic children in the philippines held a gathering in 1987. in march 1989, they and others founded the autistic children and adults of the philippines (acap) foundation. the group became the country's predominant autism organisation. it is now known as autism society philippines. 1987 saw america's national association for autistic children became the autism society of america. a new national french autism organisation, autisme france, was founded in february 1989. representative organisation autism south africa (a;sa) was founded in 1989 by concerned parents and professionals. in saudi arabia, the saudi autistic society (الجمعية السعودية الخيرية للتوح) was founded in january 1990. in india, action for autism (afa) began in 1991 as a parent support group. it soon became india's foremost autism organisation. in turkey, a support group for parents of children with autism began in 1991. it reformed as the turkish autistic support and education foundation türkiye otistiklere destek ve eğitim vakfı (todev) in 1997. it is turkey's pre-eminent autism group. popular books and other media popular american movie rain man was released in 1988. its titular character was an autistic man. bernard rimland was consulted on how the character was portrayed. the movie did much to define public understanding of the condition. the book autism: explaining the enigma was released by uta frith in 1989. it explained to non-autistic people how autistic people thought. a second edition was published in 2003. the popular book children with autism: a parents' guide was also released in 1989. it was edited by american psychologist michael d. powers. a second edition was published in 2000. the similar asperger's syndrome and your child: a parents' guide was released in 2002. 1990-2000 the 1990s saw the continued popularization of autism in general, and asperger syndrome in particular, both in popular culture and in the scientific community. the latter condition was formally recognized in both the icd-10 and the dsm-iv, both released in 1994. asperger syndrome hans asperger's early papers were first published in english in 1991, as part of the book autism and asperger syndrome. they were translated by the book's editor, uta frith. this further increased awareness of asperger's work, and of the concept of "asperger syndrome". mirror neuron theory giacomo rizzolatti led the team that discovered mirror neurons.main article: mirror neuron § autism researchers giacomo rizzolatti, giuseppe di pellegrino, luciano fadiga, leonardo fogassi, and vittorio gallese at the university of parma published a paper announcing the existence of mirror neurons in 1992. they found that when a monkey watches another monkey doing something, specialised neurons in the first monkey's brain fire in a way that mirrors the firing of the neurons in the acting monkey. the same scientists later found the same thing in human brains. it has been proposed that differences in the mirror neuron system could in part explain differences between autistic and neurotypical people. later research, however, did not support this connection. diagnostic tools for toddlers the checklist for autism in toddlers (chat), a tool for diagnosing autism in children aged 18–24 months, was first published in december 1992 by simon baron-cohen, jane allen and christopher gillberg. simon baron-cohen and others also developed another test for autism in 18-month-olds, which was published in february 1996. the modified checklist for autism in toddlers (m-chat) was developed in 1999 by american psychologists diana robins, deborah fein and marianne barton. revised versions, the m-chat-r (2009) and m-chat-r/f were later released. mainstream advocacy in the 1990s temple grandin became a prominent example of a person with autism.american animal behaviourist temple grandin came to prominence in 1996, with the publishing of her popular book thinking in pictures: my life with autism in november 1995. she would later become a board member of the autism society of america. together with catherine johnson, she coauthored the popular book animals in translation: using the mysteries of autism to decode animal behavior, which was published in december 2004. in february 2010, a movie titled temple grandin about her life was released. personal memoir nobody nowhere: the extraordinary autobiography of an autistic girl by australian donna williams was published in 1992, and was on the new york times bestsellers list in 1993. pretending to be normal: living with asperger's syndrome was an autobiography published by american researcher liane holliday willey in 1999. she also coined the term aspie. she released an updated edition in 2014. (the book was praised by sula wolff). she went on to write a number of other books on autism topics. this decade also saw the release of the hollywood action movie mercury rising (1998), which featured a boy with autism. controversial vaccine study (1998)