march 11, 2021, president biden announced that he would direct all states to make vaccines available to all adults no later than may 1. on april 6 he said he would direct states to make all adults eligible for vaccination by april 19. this deadline was met after several states opened up vaccination to everyone 16 and above the same day. on march 26, 2021, ocugen submitted its master file for covaxin a conventional inactivated vaccine to the fda. in june the fda suggested that the company go the longer route to gain full fda approval instead of emergency use authorization. as of may 2021, most experts thought the united states would be unable to achieve herd immunity, at least in the near term, given insufficient demand for the vaccines. on that note, many sources are saying the new variants last longer than 14 days, such as those found at home and abroad. on july 6, biden announced plans for more targeted outreach in order to reach under-vaccinated populations, such as shifting from larger mass clinics to having wider availability at community locations and events, and going "neighborhood by neighborhood, and oftentimes, door to door—literally knocking on doors—to get help to the remaining people protected from the virus" on july 16, the fda approved a request by pfizer to give its vaccine a priority review designation, meaning that final approval of the vaccine would be pursued on an expedited timetable. while priority review processes usually take up to six months, it was expected that the pfizer vaccine may be approved within weeks. on august 23, the fda announced that it had formally approved the pfizer vaccine for individuals 16 and over. it remains subject to eua for individuals aged 12 to 15. incentives efforts have been made by private businesses to help encourage vaccination, including ridesharing services offering free transport to vaccine clinic sites, and promotional incentives and discounts being offered to those who present proof of a recent vaccination. free items included beer, pizza, crawfish, donuts, and french fries. some sports teams established partnerships to offer vaccine clinics at their venues on game days, with free tickets to games offered to those who use the clinics. free cannabis was available in washington state when getting a vaccine at a dispensary. massachusetts ran a free lottery for fully vaccinated people, and gave out $6.5 million to ten people in the form of cash and scholarships. ohio ran a similar lottery, maine gave away hunting licenses, and west virginia gave away $100 savings bonds. vaccines in order vaccine submitted (eua) emergency use authorization deployment submitted (full) full approval pfizer–biontech november 20, 2020 december 11, 2020 december 14, 2020 may 7, 2021 august 23, 2021 moderna november 30, 2020 december 17, 2020 december 21, 2020 june 1, 2021 january 31, 2022 janssen february 4, 2021 february 27, 2021 march 1, 2021 no no novavax january 31, 2022 july 19, 2022 (ages 18+) august 1, 2022 no no covaxin march 26, 2021 (ages 18+)november 5, 2021 (ages 2–18) pending no no no astrazeneca — — no no no sanofi–gsk no no no no no vaccine administration listed in millions, as of april 14, 2023 100 200 300 400 500 pfizer–biontech moderna janssen novavax pfizer-biontech bivalent booster moderna bivalent booster not identified vaccine deliveries listed in millions, as of april 14, 2023 100 200 300 400 500 600 pfizer–biontech moderna janssen novavax pfizer-biontech bivalent booster moderna bivalent booster booster doses on august 12, 2021, the fda amended the eua for the moderna and pfizer vaccines in order to allow a third, booster dose for patients who are immunocompromised or have received organ transplants. director of the cdc rochelle walensky stated in a press briefing that "certain people who are immune compromised, such as people who have had an organ transplant and some cancer patients, may not have had an adequate immune response to just two doses of the ." in an interview with today, director of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) anthony fauci stated that "inevitably, there will be a time when we'll have to give boosts . what we're doing literally on a weekly and monthly basis is following cohorts of patients to determine if, when and whom should get it. but right now at this moment, other than the immune compromised, we're not going to be giving boosters to people." the world health organization (who) discourages the use of booster shots for covid-19 in developed countries, as they would divert supplies away from the unvaccinated. on august 18, 2021, walensky and acting commissioner of the fda janet woodcock released a joint statement indicating that, pending fda approval, booster doses for the moderna and pfizer vaccines could become generally available by the week of september 20, for those who had received their second dose at least eight months prior. they stated that that protection against severe outcomes or death "could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout", such as health care workers and seniors. on september 17, 2021, the fda vaccines and related biological products advisory committee voted unanimously against recommending that booster doses of the pfizer vaccine be distributed to the general public, citing the lack of evidence that a third dose is safe for younger populations. on september 23, walensky officially approved the distribution of pfizer booster doses to certain populations six months after their second dose, including those who are 65 and over, those with underlying conditions, and those who work in high-risk settings. on october 14, 2021, the committee recommended a half-dose booster for the moderna vaccine among the same populations. the next day, the committee also recommended that a second dose be generally distributed for the janssen vaccine, at least two months after the first. an fda analysis cited that a single dose of the vaccine had a consistently lower efficacy in comparison to the mrna vaccines. timeline vice president elect kamala harris, like many other public officials, was vaccinated on-camera. drive-through vaccination site at the larkspur ferry terminal in larkspur, california december 2020 on december 10, 2020, the fda granted emergency use to the pfizer vaccine. on december 14, 2020, the first vaccine doses were administered. sandra lindsay of queens, new york city, was the first american to be administered an fda-authorized covid-19 vaccine. the moderna vaccine was granted emergency use authorization three days later, on december 17. on december 21, president-elect joe biden publicly received his first dose of the pfizer vaccine during a media event at christiana hospital in delaware. the event was intended as a means by the incoming biden administration to boost public confidence in the vaccines. biden stated that trump "deserve some credit getting this off the ground with operation warp speed", and told the press "it's going to take time, and in the meantime—i don't want to sound a sour note here—but i hope people listen to all the experts." vice president-elect kamala harris received her first dose of the moderna vaccine on december 29, also in public. march 2021 on march 12, 2021, the united states surpassed 100 million doses administered. over the course of the month, seven states (arkansas, mississippi, ohio, connecticut, arizona, texas, and georgia) made the vaccine available to all adults, following a period of selective vaccination for elderly and other vulnerable populations. california and washington announced that all adults would be eligible for a vaccine starting april 15. indiana announced that it would make vaccines available to university students and would specifically facilitate the transfer of vaccines to university-based vaccine clinics, including one such clinic at the university of notre dame. on day 58 (march 19) of the biden administration, it achieved its goal of administering 100 million doses within its first 100 days. on march 25, the administration set a new goal of administering 200 million doses in its first 100 days. april 2021 on april 3, more than four million doses of the covid-19 vaccine were reported administered in the past 24 hours, setting a new record and bringing the seven-day average to more than three million a day. as of april 11, more than 187 million vaccine doses have been administered. on april 13, the cdc and fda issued a statement recommending a pause in the use of the johnson & johnson vaccine "out of an abundance of caution" after six women aged 18 through 48 developed a rare and severe type of blood clot called cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; on april 23, the recommended pause was lifted. by april 19, all u.s. states had made americans aged 16 and older eligible for vaccination. on april 22, the biden administration announced that it had achieved its new goal of 200 million vaccine doses administered within its first 100 days. as of april 28, the cdc reported an average of 2.7 million daily vaccinations over the past week. may 2021 on may 4, 2021, biden announced a new target of having at least 70% of u.s. adults receive one vaccine dose by july 4. on may 10, 2021, the fda granted emergency use authorization for the pfizer vaccine for use on adolescents aged 12–15, making the united states the second country in the world, after canada, to do so. on may 12, director of the cdc rochelle walensky approved the recommendation. on may 25, the biden administration announced that 50% of adults had been fully vaccinated. june 2021 by june 2021, the pace of vaccination had begun to decrease, amid increasing spread of the highly-infectious delta variant across the country. on june 3, the white house announced additional private-sector partnerships in order to expand targeted outreach and vaccine availability, including an initiative to promote and offer vaccines through black-owned barber shops throughout june, and a partnership with brewery anheuser-busch—who pledged in a promotional campaign to offer a "free beer" to all adults over 21 if the country met biden's 70% goal. the united states passed 600,000 covid deaths on tuesday, june 15, more than 200 times higher than the number of lives lost during the attacks of september 11, 2001. by late-june, one-quarter of covid-19 cases in the u.s. were attributable to the delta variant. dr. fauci warned that vaccination disparities could lead to "two americas" where less vaccinated u.s. populations were at much higher risk of covid-19. july 2021 the u.s. missed biden's 70% goal by approximately three million residents, or 3%. only 18 states reached the 70% goal among their local population. generally, the goal was met for adults 27 and over, but not for younger populations. by early-july 2021, the number of daily covid-19 cases in the u.s. had declined by around 90% since the peak in january. however, cases had also begun to increase in parts of the country with below-average vaccination rates, and hesitancy towards the vaccine had become a partisan issue: a poll by the washington post and abc news found that 86% of self-identified democrats surveyed had received at least one dose, as opposed to 45% of self-identified republicans, the 18 states that did reach 70% of first doses by july 4 were all won by biden during the 2020 election, and a july 8 report by kff found that the average vaccination rate in counties that voted for biden was growing in comparison to those that voted for trump. anti-vaccination rhetoric increased among conservatives, including republican politicians and right-wing media outlets (such as fox news and newsmax) promoting misinformation and conspiracy theories (such as falsely claiming that the biden administration would impose mandatory door-to-door vaccination—an exaggeration of biden's recently announced plans for targeted outreach), republican lawmakers attempting to inhibit vaccine outreach, and state laws to prohibit "discrimination" against the unvaccinated (which effectively ban vaccine mandates). on july 15, surgeon general vivek murthy warned that health-related misinformation was a public health threat. the next day, president biden accused social networking service facebook of "killing people" by enabling the spread of vaccine misinformation. on july 19, after criticism from facebook over the comments, biden stated that they were based on a report suggesting that approximately 12 social media users were responsible for at least 60% of vaccine misinformation, and clarified that "facebook isn't killing people,