and each household is allowed limited numbers of entrances and exits. in some places, night-time access is prohibited, effectively a curfew, and in extreme cases, access is prohibited throughout the day. people entering and leaving are required to wear masks and receive temperature tests. in some areas, vouchers are issued to the public, with vouchers and valid credentials. there are also areas where people are allowed to declare on wechat mini-programs or public accounts and some apps at the same time. courier and food delivery personnel are usually prohibited from entering. control in communities with confirmed cases is more stringent. list by the time of official announcement: closed management of communities in mainland china during the covid-19 outbreak start date enddate place province city level sources and notes 2020-01-31 2020-03-25 wanzhou chongqing county 2020-03-25 liangping county april 2020 wuzhong city ningxia prefecture yinchuan city prefecture 2020-02-02 2020-02-19 wenzhou city zhejiang prefecture 2020-02-03 2020-04-10 huai'an city jiangsu prefecture jiangyin city county 2020-02-04 hangzhou city zhejiang sub-provincial ningbo city prefecture zhengzhou city henan sub-provincial zhumadian city prefecture linyi city shandong prefecture harbin city heilongjiang sub-provincial nanjing city jiangsu sub-provincial xuzhou city prefecture until 24:00 on 8 february changzhou city prefecture nantong city prefecture zhenjiang city prefecture jiangyan district county fuzhou city fujian sub-provincial jingdezhen city jiangxi prefecture 2020-02-05 haikou city hainan prefecture sanya city prefecture kunming city yunnan sub-provincial qingdao city shandong prefecture jinan city sub-provincial tai'an city prefecture rizhao city prefecture nanchang city jiangxi sub-provincial 2020-03-18 hefei city anhui sub-provincial nanning city guangxi sub-provincial shijiazhuang city hebei sub-provincial yangzhou city jiangsu prefecture taizhou city prefecture suqian city prefecture buning county county 2020-02-06 — liaoning — jiangxi jilin city jilin 2020-03-18 ma'anshan city anhui prefecture zhuhai city guangdong prefecture ya'an city sichuan prefecture neijiang city prefecture suzhou city jiangsu prefecture 2020-02-07 — hubei community closed management further added on 10 february 2020-03-18 — anhui — tianjin guangzhou city guangdong sub-provincial shenzhen city prefecture lanzhou city gansu sub-provincial chengdu city sichuan sub-provincial suining city prefecture guangyuan city prefecture guiyang city guizhou sub-provincial zunyi city prefecture tangshan city hebei prefecture lianyungang city jiangsu prefecture jiangjin district chongqing county 2020-02-08 — chongqing ziyang city sichuan prefecture foshan city guangdong prefecture 2020-02-09 deyang city sichuan prefecture mianyang city prefecture huizhou city guangdong prefecture dongguan city prefecture hanzhong city shaanxi prefecture wuxi city jiangsu prefecture 2020-02-10 — beijing — shanghai 2020-02-12 — neimenggu 2020-03-31 jia county henan county 2020-04-08 suifenhe city heilongjiang prefecture 14 march 2022 shenzhen city guangdong prefecture impacts and reactions the exodus from wuhan before the lockdown resulted in angry responses on the chinese microblogging website sina weibo from residents in other cities who were concerned that it could result in spreading of the novel coronavirus to their cities. some in wuhan were concerned with the availability of provisions and especially medical supplies during the lockdown. the world health organization called the wuhan lockdown "unprecedented" and said it showed "how committed the authorities are to contain a viral breakout". however, who clarified that the move was not a recommendation that who had made and authorities have to wait and see how effective it is. the who separately stated that the possibility of locking down an entire city in this way was "new to science". the csi 300 index, an aggregate measure of the top 300 stocks in the shanghai and shenzhen stock exchanges, dropped almost 3% on 23 january 2020, the biggest single-day loss in almost 9 months, after the wuhan lockdown was announced as investors reacting to the drastic measure sought safe haven for their investments. the unprecedented scale of this lockdown generated controversy, and at least one expert criticized this measure as "risky business" that "could very easily backfire" by forcing otherwise healthy people in wuhan to stay in close conditions with infected people. drawing a cordon sanitaire around a city of 11 million people raises ethical concerns. it also drew comparisons to the lockdown of the poor west point neighbourhood in liberia during the 2014 ebola outbreak, which was lifted after ten days. the lockdown caused panic in the city of wuhan, and many expressed concern about the city's ability to cope with the outbreak. at the time, some experts questioned whether the large costs of such a vast lockdown, both financially and in terms of personal liberty, would translate to effective infection control. medical historian howard markel argued that the chinese government "may now be overreacting, imposing an unjustifiable burden on the population," and said that "incremental restrictions, enforced steadily and transparently, tend to work far better than draconian measures." others, such as anthony fauci, director of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, defended the intent behind the lockdowns, saying that they have bought the world a "delay to essentially prepare better." mathematical epidemiologist gerardo chowell of georgia state university stated that based on mathematical modelling, "containment strategies implemented in china are successfully reducing transmission." however, as the global covid-19 pandemic worsened, similar lockdown measures were enacted around the world. after northern italy became a new hotspot of the outbreak in late february, the italian government has enacted what has been called a "wuhan-style lockdown," by quarantining nearly a dozen towns of 50,000 people in the provinces of lombardy and veneto. iran, another developing hotspot for the coronavirus as of 25 february, has come under calls to assume similar lockdown procedures as china and italy. security experts such as gal luft of the institute for the analysis of global security in washington, have said that "the best way for iran to deal with the disease is to do precisely what china has done – quarantine." and that "if wuhan with its 11 million population can be under quarantine, so can tehran with its 8 million" by late 2020, public health experts estimated that the wuhan lockdown prevented between 500,000 and 3 million infections and between 18,000 and 70,000 deaths. a november 2021 study examining data from the first half of 2020 estimated that over 347,000 deaths may have been prevented in china by covid-19 prevention measures from 1 january 2020, to 31 july 2020. the estimate does not solely include deaths that would have occurred due to covid-19. it includes deaths that were inadvertently prevented, such as from traffic collisions or air pollution.