covid-19 pandemic in turkey covid-19 pandemic in turkey the covid-19 pandemic in turkey is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). covid-19 pandemic in turkey7-day incidence rate per 100,000 residents by province, 12–18 june 2021 <10 10–30 30–50 50–70 70–100 ≥ 100regions by number of confirmed cases as of 2 december 2020 ≥100,000 40,000–99,999 30,000–39,999 15,000–29,999 5,000–14,999 <5,000covid-19 deaths per million residents as of 25 november 2020 ≥ 200 150–199 100–149 80–99 50–79 <49risk map by provinces (20–26 march) low medium high very highdiseasecovid-19virus strainsars-cov-2locationturkeyfirst outbreakwuhan, hubei, chinaindex caseundisclosedarrival date11 march 2020 (3 years, 2 months and 2 days)confirmed cases14,775,643recovered5,771,611deaths97,666fatality rate0.66%government websiteministry of healthcovid19.tubitak.gov.tr corona.cbddo.gov.tr the first case in turkey was recorded on 11 march, when a local returned home from a trip to europe. the first death due to covid-19 in the country occurred on 15 march. turkey stood out from the rest of europe by not ordering a legal lockdown until april 2021, when the country enacted its first nationwide restrictions. the government kept many businesses open, and allowed companies to set their own guidelines regarding workers. the turkish health system has the highest number of intensive care units in the world at 46.5 beds per 100,000 people (compared to 9.6 in greece, 11.6 in france, and 12.6 in italy). as of 3 may 2021, turkey's observed case-fatality rate stands at 0.84%, the 148th highest rate globally. this low case-fatality rate has generated various explanations including the relative rarity of nursing homes, favorable demographics, long legacy of contact tracing, high number of intensive care units, universal health care, and a lockdown regime that led to a higher proportion of positive cases among working-age adults. however, according to an august 2020 academic study by the international journal of health planning and management, the government of turkey has been underreporting covid-19 statistics. on 30 september 2020, turkish minister of health fahrettin koca acknowledged that since 29 july, the reported number of cases was limited to symptomatic cases that required monitoring, which was met with rebuke by the turkish medical association. this practice ended on 25 november, when the ministry started to report asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases alongside symptomatic ones. background on 12 january 2020, the world health organization (who) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in wuhan city, hubei province, china, which was reported to the who on 31 december 2019. the case fatality ratio for covid-19 has been much lower than sars of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. timeline main article: timeline of the covid-19 pandemic in turkey covid-19 cases in turkey () deaths recoveries active cases asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases2020202020212021marmarapraprmaymayjunjunjuljulaugaugsepsepoctoctnovnovdecdecjanjanfebfebmarmarapraprmaymayjunjunjuljulaugaugsepsepoctoctlast 15 dayslast 15 days date# of cases# of deaths 2020-03-111(n.a.) 2020-03-121(=) 2020-03-135(+4) 2020-03-146(+1) 2020-03-1518(+12)1(n.a.) 2020-03-1647(+29)1(=) 2020-03-1798(+51)2(+1) 2020-03-18191(+93)3(+1) 2020-03-19359(+168)4(+1) 2020-03-20670(+311)9(+5) 2020-03-21947(+277)21(+12) 2020-03-221,236(+289)30(+9) 2020-03-231,529(+293)37(+7) 2020-03-241,872(+343)44(+7) 2020-03-252,433(+561)59(+15) 2020-03-263,629(+1,196)75(+16) 2020-03-275,698(+2,069)92(+17) 2020-03-287,402(+1,704)108(+16) 2020-03-299,217(+1,815)131(+23) 2020-03-3010,827(+1,610)168(+37) 2020-03-3113,531(+2,704)214(+46) 2020-04-0115,679(+2,148)277(+63) 2020-04-0218,135(+2,456)356(+79) 2020-04-0320,921(+2,786)425(+69) 2020-04-0423,934(+3,013)501(+76) 2020-04-0527,069(+3,135)574(+73) 2020-04-0630,217(+3,148)649(+75) 2020-04-0734,109(+3,892)725(+76) 2020-04-0838,226(+4,117)812(+87) 2020-04-0942,282(+4,056)908(+96) 2020-04-1047,029(+4,747)1,006(+98) 2020-04-1152,167(+5,138)1,101(+95) 2020-04-1256,956(+4,789)1,198(+97) 2020-04-1361,049(+4,093)1,296(+98) 2020-04-1465,111(+4,062)1,403(+107) 2020-04-1569,392(+4,281)1,518(+115) 2020-04-1674,193(+4,801)1,643(+125) 2020-04-1778,546(+4,353)1,769(+126) 2020-04-1882,329(+3,783)1,890(+121) 2020-04-1986,306(+3,977)2,017(+127) 2020-04-2090,980(+4,674)2,140(+123) 2020-04-2195,591(+4,611)2,259(+119) 2020-04-2298,674(+3,083)2,376(+117) 2020-04-23101,790(+3,116)2,491(+115) 2020-04-24104,912(+3,122)2,600(+109) 2020-04-25107,773(+2,861)2,706(+106) 2020-04-26110,130(+2,357)2,805(+99) 2020-04-27112,261(+2,131)2,900(+95) 2020-04-28114,653(+2,392)2,992(+92) 2020-04-29117,589(+2,936)3,081(+89) 2020-04-30120,204(+2,615)3,174(+93) 2020-05-01122,392(+2,188)3,258(+84) 2020-05-02124,375(+1,983)3,336(+78) 2020-05-03126,045(+1,670)3,397(+61) 2020-05-04127,659(+1,614)3,461(+64) 2020-05-05129,491(+1,832)3,520(+59) 2020-05-06131,744(+2,253)3,584(+64) 2020-05-07133,721(+1,977)3,641(+57) 2020-05-08135,569(+1,848)3,689(+48) 2020-05-09137,115(+1,546)3,739(+50) 2020-05-10138,657(+1,542)3,786(+47) 2020-05-11139,771(+1,114)3,841(+55) 2020-05-12141,475(+1,704)3,894(+53) 2020-05-13143,114(+1,639)3,952(+58) 2020-05-14144,749(+1,635)4,007(+55) 2020-05-15146,457(+1,708)4,055(+48) 2020-05-16148,067(+1,610)4,096(+41) 2020-05-17149,435(+1,368)4,140(+44) 2020-05-18150,593(+1,158)4,171(+31) 2020-05-19151,615(+1,022)4,199(+28) 2020-05-20152,587(+972)4,222(+23) 2020-05-21153,548(+961)4,249(+27) 2020-05-22154,500(+952)4,276(+27) 2020-05-23155,686(+1,186)4,308(+32) 2020-05-24156,827(+1,141)4,340(+32) 2020-05-25157,814(+987)4,369(+29) 2020-05-26158,762(+948)4,397(+28) 2020-05-27159,797(+1,035)4,431(+34) 2020-05-28160,979(+1,182)4,461(+30) 2020-05-29162,120(+1,141)4,489(+28) 2020-05-30163,103(+983)4,515(+26) 2020-05-31163,942(+839)4,540(+25) 2020-06-01164,769(+827)4,563(+23) 2020-06-02165,555(+786)4,585(+22) 2020-06-03166,422(+867)4,609(+24) 2020-06-04167,410(+988)4,630(+21) 2020-06-05168,340(+930)4,648(+18) 2020-06-06169,218(+878)4,669(+21) 2020-06-07170,132(+914)4,692(+23) 2020-06-08171,121(+989)4,711(+19) 2020-06-09172,114(+993)4,729(+18) 2020-06-10173,036(+922)4,746(+17) 2020-06-11174,023(+987)4,763(+17) 2020-06-12175,218(+1,195)4,778(+15) 2020-06-13176,677(+1,459)4,792(+14) 2020-06-14178,239(+1,562)4,807(+15) 2020-06-15179,831(+1,592)4,825(+18) 2020-06-16181,298(+1,467)4,842(+17) 2020-06-17182,727(+1,429)4,861(+19) 2020-06-18184,031(+1,304)4,882(+21) 2020-06-19185,245(+1,214)4,905(+23) 2020-06-20186,493(+1,248)4,927(+22) 2020-06-21187,685(+1,192)4,950(+23) 2020-06-22188,897(+1,212)4,974(+24) 2020-06-23190,165(+1,268)5,001(+27) 2020-06-24191,657(+1,492)5,025(+24) 2020-06-25193,115(+1,458)5,046(+21) 2020-06-26194,511(+1,396)5,065(+19) 2020-06-27195,883(+1,372)5,082(+17) 2020-06-28197,239(+1,356)5,097(+15) 2020-06-29198,613(+1,374)5,115(+18) 2020-06-30199,906(+1,293)5,131(+16) 2020-07-01201,098(+1,192)5,150(+19) 2020-07-02202,284(+1,186)5,167(+17) 2020-07-03203,456(+1,172)5,186(+19) 2020-07-04204,610(+1,154)5,206(+20) 2020-07-05205,758(+1,148)5,225(+19) 2020-07-06206,844(+1,086)5,241(+16) 2020-07-07207,897(+1,053)5,260(+19) 2020-07-08208,938(+1,041)5,282(+22) 2020-07-09209,962(+1,024)5,300(+18) 2020-07-10210,965(+1,003)5,323(+23) 2020-07-11211,981(+1,016)5,344(+21) 2020-07-12212,993(+1,012)5,363(+19) 2020-07-13214,001(+1,008)5,382(+19) 2020-07-14214,993(+992)5,402(+20) 2020-07-15215,940(+947)5,419(+17) 2020-07-16216,873(+933)5,440(+21) 2020-07-17217,799(+926)5,458(+18) 2020-07-18218,717(+918)5,475(+17) 2020-07-19219,641(+924)5,491(+16) 2020-07-20220,572(+931)5,508(+17) 2020-07-21221,500(+928)5,526(+18) 2020-07-22222,402(+902)5,545(+19) 2020-07-23223,315(+913)5,563(+18) 2020-07-24224,252(+937)5,580(+17) 2020-07-25225,173(+921)5,596(+16) 2020-07-26226,100(+927)5,613(+17) 2020-07-27227,019(+919)5,630(+17) 2020-07-28227,982(+963)5,645(+15) 2020-07-29228,924(+0.41%)5,659(+0.25%) 2020-07-30229,891(+967)5,674(+15) 2020-07-31230,873(+982)5,691(+17) 2020-08-01231,869(+996)5,710(+19) 2020-08-02232,856(+987)5,728(+18) 2020-08-03233,851(+995)5,747(+19) 2020-08-04234,934(+1,083)5,765(+18) 2020-08-05236,112(+1,178)5,784(+19) 2020-08-06237,265(+1,153)5,798(+14) 2020-08-07238,450(+1,185)5,813(+15) 2020-08-08239,622(+1,172)5,829(+16) 2020-08-09240,804(+1,182)5,844(+15) 2020-08-10241,997(+1,193)5,858(+14) 2020-08-11243,180(+1,183)5,873(+15) 2020-08-12244,392(+1,212)5,891(+18) 2020-08-13245,635(+1,243)5,912(+21) 2020-08-14246,861(+1,226)5,934(+22) 2020-08-15248,117(+1,256)5,955(+21) 2020-08-16249,309(+1,192)5,974(+19) 2020-08-17250,542(+1,233)5,996(+22) 2020-08-18251,805(+1,263)6,016(+20) 2020-08-19253,108(+1,303)6,039(+23) 2020-08-20254,520(+1,412)6,058(+19) 2020-08-21255,723(+1,203)6,080(+22) 2020-08-22257,032(+1,309)6,102(+22) 2020-08-23258,249(+1,217)6,121(+19) 2020-08-24259,692(+1,443)6,139(+18) 2020-08-25261,194(+1,502)6,163(+24) 2020-08-26262,507(+1,313)6,183(+20) 2020-08-27263,998(+1,491)6,209(+26) 2020-08-28265,515(+1,517)6,245(+36) 2020-08-29267,064(+1,549)6,284(+39) 2020-08-30268,546(+1,482)6,326(+42) 2020-08-31270,133(+1,587)6,370(+44) 2020-09-01271,705(+1,572)6,417(+47) 2020-09-02273,301(+1,596)6,462(+45) 2020-09-03274,943(+1,642)6,511(+49) 2020-09-04276,555(+1,612)6,564(+53) 2020-09-05278,228(+1,673)6,620(+56) 2020-09-06279,806(+1,578)6,673(+53) 2020-09-07281,509(+1,703)6,730(+57) 2020-09-08283,270(+1,761)6,782(+52) 2020-09-09284,943(+1,673)6,837(+55) 2020-09-10286,455(+1,512)6,895(+58) 2020-09-11288,126(+1,671)6,951(+56) 2020-09-12289,635(+1,509)6,999(+48) 2020-09-13291,162(+1,527)7,056(+57) 2020-09-14292,878(+1,716)7,119(+63) 2020-09-15294,620(+1,742)7,186(+67) 2020-09-16296,391(+1,771)7,249(+63) 2020-09-17298,039(+1,648)7,315(+66) 2020-09-18299,810(+1,771)7,377(+62) 2020-09-19301,348(+1,538)7,445(+68) 2020-09-20302,867(+1,519)7,506(+61) 2020-09-21304,610(+1,743)7,574(+68) 2020-09-22306,302(+1,692)7,639(+65) 2020-09-23308,069(+1,767)7,711(+72) 2020-09-24309,790(+1,721)7,785(+74) 2020-09-25311,455(+1,665)7,858(+73) 2020-09-26312,966(+1,511)7,929(+71) 2020-09-27314,433(+1,467)7,997(+68) 2020-09-28315,845(+1,412)8,062(+65) 2020-09-29317,272(+1,427)8,130(+68) 2020-09-30318,663(+1,391)8,195(+65) 2020-10-01320,070(+1,407)8,262(+67) 2020-10-02321,512(+1,442)8,325(+63) 2020-10-03323,014(+1,502)8,384(+59) 2020-10-04324,443(+1,429)8,441(+57) 2020-10-05326,046(+1,603)8,498(+57) 2020-10-06327,557(+1,511)8,553(+55) 2020-10-07329,138(+1,581)8,609(+56) 2020-10-08330,753(+1,615)8,667(+58) 2020-10-09332,382(+1,629)8,722(+55) 2020-10-10334,031(+1,649)8,778(+56) 2020-10-11335,533(+1,502)8,837(+59) 2020-10-12337,147(+1,614)8,895(+58) 2020-10-13338,779(+1,632)8,957(+62) 2020-10-14340,450(+1,671)9,014(+57) 2020-10-15342,143(+1,693)9,080(+66) 2020-10-16343,955(+1,812)9,153(+73) 2020-10-17345,678(+1,723)9,224(+71) 2020-10-18347,493(+1,815)9,296(+72) 2020-10-19349,519(+2,026)9,371(+75) 2020-10-20351,413(+1,894)9,445(+74) 2020-10-21353,426(+2,013)9,513(+68) 2020-10-22355,528(+2,102)9,584(+71) 2020-10-23357,693(+2,165)9,658(+74) 2020-10-24359,784(+2,091)9,727(+69) 2020-10-25361,801(+2,017)9,799(+72) 2020-10-26363,999(+2,198)9,874(+75) 2020-10-27366,208(+2,209)9,950(+76) 2020-10-28368,513(+2,305)10,027(+77) 2020-10-29370,832(+2,319)10,099(+72) 2020-10-30373,154(+2,322)10,177(+78) 2020-10-31375,367(+2,213)10,252(+75) 2020-11-01377,473(+2,106)10,326(+74) 2020-11-02379,775(+2,302)10,402(+76) 2020-11-03382,118(+2,343)10,481(+79) 2020-11-04384,509(+2,391)10,558(+77) 2020-11-05386,820(+2,311)10,639(+81) 2020-11-06389,256(+2,436)10,722(+83) 2020-11-07391,739(+2,483)10,803(+81) 2020-11-08395,255(+3,516)10,887(+84) 2020-11-09396,831(+1,576)10,972(+85) 2020-11-10399,360(+2,529)11,059(+87) 2020-11-11402,053(+2,693)11,145(+86) 2020-11-12404,894(+2,841)11,233(+88) 2020-11-13407,939(+3,045)11,326(+93) 2020-11-14410,055(+2,116)11,418(+92) 2020-11-15414,278(+4,223)11,507(+89) 2020-11-16417,594(+3,316)11,601(+94) 2020-11-17421,413(+3,819)11,704(+103) 2020-11-18425,628(+4,215)11,820(+116) 2020-11-19430,170(+4,542)11,943(+123) 2020-11-20435,273(+5,103)12,084(+141) 2020-11-21440,805(+5,532)12,219(+135) 2020-11-22446,822(+6,017)12,358(+139) 2020-11-23453,535(+6,713)12,511(+153) 2020-11-24460,916(+7,381)12,672(+161) 2020-11-25489,267(+6.2%)12,840(+1.3%) 2020-11-26518,399(+29,132)13,014(+174) 2020-11-27548,244(+29,845)13,191(+177) 2020-11-28578,347(+30,103)13,373(+182) 2020-11-29607,628(+29,281)13,558(+185) 2020-11-30638,817(+31,189)13,746(+188) 2020-12-01668,927(+30,110)13,936(+190) 2020-12-02700,850(+31,923)14,129(+193) 2020-12-03733,231(+32,381)14,316(+187) 2020-12-04765,967(+32,736)14,509(+193) 2020-12-05797,863(+31,896)14,705(+196) 2020-12-06828,265(+30,402)14,900(+195) 2020-12-07860,402(+32,137)15,103(+203) 2020-12-08893,600(+33,198)15,314(+211) 2020-12-09925,312(+31,712)15,531(+217) 2020-12-101,748,567(+89%)15,751(+1.4%) 2020-12-111,780,673(+32,106)15,977(+226) 2020-12-121,809,809(+1.6%)16,199(+1.4%) 2020-12-131,836,728(+26,919)16,417(+218) 2020-12-141,866,345(+29,617)16,646(+229) 2020-12-151,898,447(+32,102)16,881(+235) 2020-12-161,928,165(+29,718)17,121(+240) 2020-12-171,955,680(+27,515)17,364(+243) 2020-12-181,982,090(+26,410)17,610(+246) 2020-12-192,004,285(+22,195)17,851(+241) 2020-12-202,024,601(+20,316)18,097(+246) 2020-12-212,043,704(+19,103)18,351(+254) 2020-12-222,062,960(+19,256)18,602(+251) 2020-12-232,082,610(+19,650)18,861(+259) 2020-12-242,100,712(+18,102)19,115(+254) 2020-12-252,118,255(+17,543)19,371(+256) 2020-12-262,133,373(+15,118)19,624(+253) 2020-12-272,147,578(+14,205)19,878(+254) 2020-12-282,162,775(+15,197)20,135(+257) 2020-12-292,178,580(+15,805)20,388(+253) 2020-12-302,194,272(+15,692)20,642(+254) 2020-12-312,208,652(+14,380)20,881(+239) 2021-01-012,220,855(+12,203)21,093(+212) 2021-01-022,232,035(+11,180)21,295(+202) 2021-01-032,241,912(+9,877)21,488(+193) 2021-01-042,255,607(+13,695)21,685(+197) 2021-01-052,270,101(+14,494)21,879(+194) 2021-01-062,283,931(+13,830)22,070(+191) 2021-01-072,296,102(+12,171)22,264(+194) 2021-01-082,307,581(+11,479)22,450(+186) 2021-01-092,317,118(+9,537)22,631(+181) 2021-01-102,326,256(+9,138)22,807(+176) 2021-01-112,336,476(+10,220)22,981(+174) 2021-01-122,346,285(+9,809)23,152(+171) 2021-01-132,355,839(+9,554)23,325(+173) 2021-01-142,364,801(+8,962)23,495(+170) 2021-01-152,373,115(+8,314)23,664(+169) 2021-01-162,380,665(+7,550)23,832(+168) 2021-01-172,387,101(+6,436)23,997(+165) 2021-01-182,392,963(+5,862)24,161(+164) 2021-01-192,399,781(+6,818)24,328(+167) 2021-01-202,406,216(+6,435)24,487(+159) 2021-01-212,412,505(+6,289)24,640(+153) 2021-01-222,418,472(+5,967)24,789(+149) 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2021-09-016,411,817(+23,496)57,000(+290) 2021-09-026,435,313(+23,496)57,283(+283) 2021-09-036,458,170(+22,857)57,559(+276) 2021-09-046,478,203(+20,033)57,837(+278) 2021-09-056,497,594(+19,391)58,106(+269) 2021-09-066,518,556(+20,962)58,377(+271) 2021-09-076,542,194(+23,638)58,651(+274) 2021-09-086,566,108(+23,914)58,913(+262) 2021-09-096,589,954(+23,846)59,170(+257) 2021-09-106,613,516(+23,562)59,384(+214) 2021-09-116,636,439(+22,923)59,643(+259) 2021-09-126,657,791(+21,352)59,886(+243) 2021-09-136,682,404(+24,613)60,117(+231) 2021-09-14 2021-09-15 2021-09-16 2021-09-17 2021-09-18 2021-09-19 2021-09-20 2021-09-21 2021-09-22 2021-09-23 2021-09-24 2021-09-25 2021-09-26 2021-09-27 2021-09-28 2021-09-29 2021-09-30 2021-10-01 2021-10-02 2021-10-03 2021-10-04 2021-10-05 2021-10-06 2021-10-07 2021-10-08 2021-10-09 2021-10-10 2021-10-11 2021-10-12 2021-10-13 2021-10-14 2021-10-15 2021-10-16 2021-10-17 2021-10-18 2021-10-19 2021-10-20 2021-10-21 2021-10-22 source: turkish ministry of health notes: on 12 december, the government started to report recoveries among asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients as well, who are usually considered recovered after 10 days of isolation. the number of active cases and recoveries before that date was only provided for monitored symptomatic patients. beginning on 25 november, the government began publicly reporting asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases. however they were not included in the number of recoveries until 12 december. from 29 july to 24 november, the ministry of health did not publicly report asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases. on 10 december, the government announced the total number of cases seen in the country for the first time since 28 july, causing a massive jump in the number of cases. however only 30,424 new cases were actually reported that day. january 2020 on 10 january 2020, ignoring china's insistence on the lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission, ministry of health experts stated that they suspected that sars-cov-2 was transmitted among people, and accordingly set up the coronavirus scientific advisory board. 26 experts in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology originally comprised the coronavirus advisory board, which was subsequently enlarged to include five additional experts in intensive care medicine, internal medicine, and virology. the board put forward voluntary recommendations while the government issued legal restrictions for businesses and public gatherings. on 24 january, turkey's health ministry installed medical stations nationwide to measure the body temperature of passersby and set up free hand sanitizer stations across public transportation hubs. february 2020 on 1 february, turkey announced its decision to stop all the flights from china. after iranian authorities downplayed the spread of sars‑cov‑2, turkey castigated iran for its duplicity and laxity and unilaterally closed its border on 23 february. on the same day, turkey announced its decision to stop all flights to and from iran. on 29 february, turkey announced the termination of all flights to and from italy, south korea and iraq. march 2020: first confirmed case, closures, and cancellations travel restrictions imposed by turkey turkey entry refused to people from these countries turkish cities carried out massive disinfection work in public places and mass transit vehicles. in istanbul, the municipality decided to install hand sanitizers at stations of metrobuses. on 11 march 2020, the very day the first known coronavirus case in turkey was announced, ministry of health created a new website to track cases of covid-19, monitor hot spots, enable people to report places selling fake ppe, and report hospital wait times. the next day, ministry of national education announced that with the exception of schools catering to students with special needs, all schools in turkey would close starting on 16 march 2020. given the intense learning needs of students with disabilities, the ministry of national education announced that elementary-, middle- and high-school students with special needs will continue to have in-person attendance in fixed small groups, with adults rotating into the class, so as to facilitate contact tracing. the ministry of national education subsequently announced that teachers and staff in schools for students with special needs are able to opt out of in-person teaching if they or their families have a health risk. minister koca updated the number of infected people as four on 13 march, including a pilgrim who had returned from saudi arabia. following the updated tally, turkey extended the flight ban to also include many european countries, including austria, france, and germany. on 16 march, minister of the interior soylu ordered businesses and places of worship to halt indoor activities. with that announcement, more than 80 million people in turkey started to live under some form of restrictions to their movements when trains and public transit came to a halt nationwide. on 20 march, ministry of health issued a decree that designates as "pandemic hospitals" all hospitals that employ at least two specialist doctors in the areas of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, pulmonology, and internal diseases, and have level-3 adult icu beds. at the same time, turkey started to open drive-through screening clinics, based on the south korean-pioneered model, which allows the provision of tests at no cost, while avoiding nosocomial transmission of sars-cov-2. on 21 march, the minister of the interior soylu announced a total curfew, effective midnight on 22 march, for those who are over the age of 65 or persons whose immune system is compromised due to "chronic pulmonary diseases, asthma, copd, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, hypertension, and liver disease." on 23 march, minister of health koca announced that the ministry of health authorized the japanese anti-flu drug favipiravir for emergency use, after early data disclosed by china's science and technology minister wang zhigang showed that the drug shortens recovery time for covid-19 patients. on 31 march, following consultations with trade unions spearheaded by türk-i̇ş and di̇sk, the government launched a paycheck protection program that helped small businesses to keep employees on their books. trade unions criticized this plan for not directly subsidizing employment, which would have required businesses to keep workers employed. on the same day, the government unveiled further emergency measures including a moratorium on evictions, a stay on all debt, seizure (except for alimony and child support), and bankruptcy proceedings until 31 december 2020. april 2020: restrictions continue pasta shelves at a supermarket in istanbul after panic buyingtoilet paper shelves in the same store face masks sold in a vending machine in samsun, for 5 turkish lira each on 2 april, istanbul medical chamber expressed concern about ministry of health's tally, which included only the cases confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction tests, thereby excluding the elisas administered in private hospitals. criticizing private hospitals' use of new antigen-testing technology that offer a much lower sensitivity, the chamber of physicians expressed concern over the decentralization of data collection. on 3 april, citing the potential for asymptomatic transmission of sars-cov-2 by children, the ministry of health