europe in the european union (eu), there is now significant emphasis on recycling building materials and adopting a cradle-to-grave ideology when it comes to building design, construction, and demolition. their suggestions are much clearer and easier at the local or regional level, depending on government structure. in the 2016 eu construction & demolition waste management protocol, they emphasize the benefits beyond financial gains for recycling such as job creation and reduced landfilling. they also emphasize the consideration of supply and demand geography; if the recycling plants are closer to urban areas than the aggregate quarries this can incentivize companies to use this recycled product even if it is not initially cheaper. in austria, there are new improvements in the recycling of unusable wood products to be burnt in the creation of cement which offsets the carbon footprint of both products. the eu urges local authorities who issue demolition and renovation permits to ensure that a high-quality waste management plan is being followed, and they emphasize the need for post-demolition follow-ups in order to determine if the implemented plans are being followed. they also suggest the use of taxation to reduce the economic advantage of the landfills to create a situation where recycling becomes a reasonable choice financially. however, they do include the fact that the tax should only apply to recyclable waste materials. the main points of how the europeans choose to address this issue of waste management is through the utilization of the tools given to a governing body to keep its people safe. unlike in the united states, the eu's philosophy on waste management is not that it is an optional good thing to do when you can but a mandatory part of construction in the 21st century to ensure a healthy future for generations to follow. taxing landfill has been most effective in belgium, denmark and austria, which have all decreased their landfill disposal by over 30% since introducing the tax. denmark successfully cut its landfill use by over 80%, reaching a recycling rate over 60%. in the united kingdom, all personnel performing builders or construction waste clearance are required by law to be working for a cis registered business. however, the waste generation in the uk continues to grow, but the rate of increase has slowed. a panorama of construction waste in horton, norway united states the united states has no national landfill tax or fee, but many states and local governments collect taxes and fees on the disposal of solid waste. the california department of resource recycling and recovery (calrecycle) was created in 2010 to address the growing c&d waste problem in the united states. calrecycle aids in the creation of c&d waste diversion model ordinance in local jurisdictions. they also provide information and other educational material on alternative c&d waste facilities. they promote these ordinances by creating incentive programs to encourage companies to participate in the waste diversion practices. there are also available grants and loans to aid organizations in their waste reduction strategies. according to a survey, financially incentivizing stakeholders to reduce construction waste demonstrates favorable results. this information provides an alternative way to reduce the cost so that the industry is more careful in their project decisions from beginning to end.