female urinal female urinal a female urinal is a urinal designed for the female anatomy to allow for ease of use by women and girls. different models enable urination in standing, semi-squatting, or squatting postures, but usually without direct bodily contact with the toilet. sitting models also exist, and are designed for body contact with the urinal. not to be confused with female urination device. a row of female urinals in germany separated by privacy partitions, made by gbh bathroom products a woman urinating into a male urinal in a standing position, without using a device. unisex urinals are also marketed by various companies, and can be used by both sexes. female and unisex urinals are much less common than male urinals (often assumed by the term urinal). moreover, male urinals are more abundant in men's or boys' public toilets than in the toilets of private homes. danish brand pollee sells a portable female urinal (similar to porta johns) for public, outdoor events. background advantages compared to toilets for urination urinals for female users could potentially have some of the same advantages as urinals for male users, when compared to toilets (solely with regards to urination): lower cost simpler maintenance smaller space requirements (several wall-mounted urinals may be installed on the floor space of a single toilet cubicle) reduced water consumption for flushing compared to sit toilets (waterless urinals can even function without any flushing water) more hygienic, contact-free urination process (no risk of contact with feces from previous users) no urine on toilet seat from women who avoid contact faster use potential for easier recycling of nutrients as fertilizer due to an increased number of units in the same amount of floor space, there is usually a faster and shorter queue for public urinals; up to 30% more people can use the toilet facilities at the same time. female urinals could possibly be suitable for use in public toilets which are heavily used during peak hours and which are likely to attract large numbers of visitors, especially places like theaters, stadiums, schools, universities, discotheques, shopping centers, and public transit facilities. in addition, temporary mobile female urinals have been developed for use at open-air events and festivals, as well as free-standing units for public spaces. design and implementation announcement of women's urinals in front of a public toilet in frankfurt am main, germany urinals are being developed that can be used by both sexes. while urinals for men and boys can be found almost everywhere in public toilets, unisex and female urinals are still niche products. many people feel that this is satisfactory because of anatomical differences that make use of a urinal more convenient for the male population than it would be for the female population. according to mete demiriz, a professor of sanitary technology at the westphalian university of applied sciences in gelsenkirchen, economic considerations and social conventions also prevent the wider installation of female urinals in public toilets. the female urinal models offered today are conceptually similar to each other and follow the shape and design of male urinals but are more closely tailored to the female anatomy. one difference is most females chose to stand with their back toward the urinal and adopt a half-squatting position, which is also sometimes called the "skier's posture" or "hovering stance". this is based on the posture that females generally adopt in conventional public toilets if they are dirty and when physical contact is not desired, but hovering may leave urine behind in the bladder and may not be good for the pelvic floor muscles. thus some people hover only in cases of dire necessity. in countries where squat toilets are the norm, female urinals can also be found as a ceramic pan at floor level. this kind of urinal would be used in a full squat position to avoid splashing back of urine. in the past, models that were used in a full squat (similar to asian squat-style toilets) have been developed to the prototype stage or brought to the market, like the "peeandgo" by chen-karlsson, but those did not achieve commercial success. as of 2017 all female urinals available on the western market were wall-mounted and used in a half-squat, "skiing" position. squatting urinals (in the ground) for female students at government middle school in peramathur, cuddalore district, tamil nadu, india. the urinals on the right side have privacy partitions and are used by older girls. two different designs of wall-mounted female urinals at an exhibition graphical instructions on how to use a female urinal in a public restroom (frankfurt, germany) female and unisex urinals in public toilets women's urinal: "lady p" at the dortmund airport, germany in the 1990s, a number of prototypes were developed for female urinals, of which only three were finally ready for the market and are now used: the "lady p" by sphinx sanitair, the "lady loo" by gbh and the "girly" by ceramica catalano, which has won several design awards. since the 2000s, female urinals have been introduced in a few european public toilets, with more models, like "ona" designed by cajsa flensburg, "she-pee", "wc3" used with p-mate, "peescape" by alexander schweder, "madamepee" founded by nathalie des isnards (2018), "lapee" created by gina périer (2019), "marcelle" (2019), "peequal", and "missoir" by lena olvedi having been developed. in the course of the development towards unisex toilets, designers and developers are increasingly faced with the challenge of creating gender-appropriate solutions. models, like "uni-pee" designed by tamar dax, "we p" designed by michal farago, "misswizz" from ellen lejeune, "urilift" from pop-up toilet company, "captain" by uridan, "ti'pi" by ves bat eco and "weestand" by liquidgold, have been developed that can be used comfortably by females and males alike. berlin now has some unisex toilets and unisex urinals, to be used by both sexes. as of 2017, with the expiration of a contract for public toilets with wall gmbh, a new toilet concept for public spaces in berlin is being developed. urinals which can be used in a similar fashion (facing the wall) by both sexes are an essential part of the future unisex toilet facilities. berlin has now taken up the problem heroically and is planning urinals for women and men in all public toilets. this is part of the toilet concept for berlin, which was presented last week by the senate department for environment, transport and climate protection, together with the company zebralog and the technical university of berlin. the advantage of the unisex urinal is that it catches women's and men's urine stream earlier and thus avoids the otherwise unavoidable splashing and is thus simply more hygienic. therefore, the urinal can be conveniently used by both sexes. for gender justice!— wienerin problems with implementation at present, two different arrangements are currently being implemented in practice: a row arrangement (usually with a partition as a separating element), comparable to male urinals; and in individual booths or cabins, as in classic toilets. the main advantage compared to the classic toilet, compact space requirements, is lost with the latter design. with a row arrangement, the density of facilities can be increased, resulting in shorter wait times. however, this is not the case with the booth arrangement, in which a classic toilet bowl is simply replaced by a urinal. the booth solution is often proposed with the argument that female use of open urinals is socially unacceptable and associated with embarrassment. however, urination while in the company of others can be a problem for some males as well. there is always the possibility to switch to a classical toilet stall if the use of urinals is associated with shame (e.g. in the case of paruresis). unisex urinals (#2) may be used by both men and women, by combining features of female- (#1) and male- (#3) only urinals. wall-mounted unisex urinals in open row arrangement in an american ladies bathroom this problem arises more in the context of increasing trends towards unisex toilets for males and females. a sharing of toilets raises the question of how urinals should be arranged for both sexes in the room. while toilets are usually housed in booths with lockable doors, urinals are usually installed openly in a row in gender-separated toilets. this construction method requires less space, allows for more people to urinate at the same time while promoting better hygiene and economics, and keeps the toilet stalls cleaner and more available for those who need them - which is currently one of the main advantages of installing male urinals. one possibility would be to continue offering urinals in rows. these could, whether separated into male and female urinals or as unisex urinals, be separated by so-called "pubic walls". however, it is questionable whether the lower level of privacy compared to conventional toilets would be accepted by the general public. due to socio-cultural conventions, the concept of men/boys urinating with their backs visible to women/girls would create awkwardness for both genders and would currently seem strange and contrary to common morals and etiquette for many users. it would be much more impractical for women to use the urinals due to the matter in which women/girls remove much more clothing than a male exposing very little when using a urinal. there would also be concerns over the need for toilet paper and tending menstrual hygiene. an alternative would be to accommodate urinals for both sexes in booths or to continue offering urinals for males only. however, this would at least limit the above-mentioned advantages of the urinals for females. accordingly, the german lawyer and author marcus werner sees a significant disadvantage in unisex toilets if these would lead to the elimination of urinals in classic open rows. therefore, it would be very, very sad if the unisex toilet trend would end up causing men to have to queue up because every urinal would be housed in a booth, which would dramatically reduce the number of facilities. that would be a total waste of time, calculated in terms of gender. men lose time without women winning. there can be unisex urinals here. but please use the ergonomically wall-mounted urinals in a row. that would take the pressure off everyone.— marcus werner urinals arranged in booths have not been popular, since the advantages compared to conventional toilets were not obvious, given the unchanged space requirement. after 13 years, the four ladies' urinals in the salzburg congress center were removed in august 2015 due to a lack of interest. they have been replaced by conventional toilets. in the unisex toilets planned for the alamo drafthouse in austin (texas) in 2017, the urinals are to be located in an area separated from the entrance area by a door. these are designed as unisex urinals and are arranged in open rows within this range. this would allow men and women to use side-by-side urinals in this room, preferably with both sexes standing with their face towards the wall, while those who prefer to not see persons of the opposite sex urinating may use a traditional toilet booth nearby. according to richard weiss, the architect who is planning this restroom, this would create the greatest possible freedom of choice for all genders. history 19th and early 20th century recent developments in creating urinals for females and for use by both sexes are not a new revolution in sanitation, as some manufacturers suggest. rather, it is the renaissance of a concept whose roots lie in the 19th century. during the 19th century, in the early days of public toilet development, female urinals were installed and urinals were not thought of as being exclusively for males. for example, the 1897 german handbuch der architektur (handbook of architecture) shows "women's urinals with automatic rinsing"; at that time the advantages featured were less costly installation and water savings: pissoirs for the female sex have even been successfully used in recent years. these consist of so-called "urinettes" or porcelain sitting basins with automatic flushing and are set up especially in the waiting halls of railway stations, in shops where many girls are employed, in theatres where there is a large choir or ballet. ... such "urinettes" have the great fortune of being able to be placed where a 2-inch drainpipe is present, while the rinsing lavatories usually used by women for urination