neuropsychiatrist, (1889-1959)neurologypyramidal tract lesionsthe babinski sign – a reappraisal neurol india 48 (4): 314–8.flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response goodell's signwilliam goodellobstetricspregnancysoftening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester goodsall's ruledavid henry goodsallgastroenterology, general surgeryanal fistulaanatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types gordon's signalfred gordonneurologypyramidal tract lesionsthe babinski sign – a reappraisal neurol india 48 (4): 314–8.squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response gottron's papulesheinrich adolf gottronrheumatologydermatomyositispathologic basis of disease (8th ed), robbins & cotranscaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees gowers' signwilliam richard gowersneurologymuscular dystrophy graham steell murmurgraham steellcardiologymitral stenosispulmonary regurgitation murmur in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis grey turner's signgeorge grey turnersurgeryretroperitoneal hemorrhageflank ecchymosis griffith's signalexander hill griffith, scottish ophthalmologist, manchester (1858-1937)endocrinologygraves' ophthalmopathy(needed)lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement grisel's syndrome pierre grisel rheumatology non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint caused by inflammation of the adjacent tissues gunn's signrobert marcus gunnophthalmologyhypertensiongunn's sign at who named it?av "nicking" or "nipping" in hypertensive retinopathy hamman's signlouis hammanthoracic surgeryoesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinumcrepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration hampton's humpaubrey otis hamptonpulmonology, radiologypulmonary embolus with infarcthampton's hump at who named it?wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura hampton's lineaubrey otis hamptonradiology, gastroenterologypeptic ulcerhampton's line at who named it?line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer hannington-kiff signjohn g. hannington-kiffgeneral surgeryobturator herniaabsent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex harrison's grooveedward harrisoninternal medicinericketsharrison's sulcus at who named it?rib deformity at the lower thorax hatchcock's sign ?paediatrics, infectious diseasemumps(needed)tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident) heberden's nodewilliam heberdenrheumatologyosteoarthritissame as bouchard's nodes, but over dip joints hegar's signernst ludwig alfred hegarobstetricsnormal pregnancysoftening of cervical isthmus appearing between 4th and 6th weeks (usually) hess testalfred fabian hessinternal medicinecapillary fragilityrumpel-konchalevskii-leede phenomenon or sign at who named it?appearance of petechiae after compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff hildreth's signdh hildrethdermatologyglomus tumorrelief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion hippocratic facehippocratespalliative careimpending death hippocratic fingershippocratespulmonary medicinechronic hypoxiaclubbing of distal phalanges hirschberg testjulius hirschbergophthalmologystrabismuscorneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil hoffmann's signjohann hoffmannneurologycorticospinal tract lesionstapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb hollenhorst plaquerobert hollenhorstophthalmologyhypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetescholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies) homans' signjohn homansthrombosisdeep venous thrombosisknee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain hoover's sign (leg paresis)charles franklin hooverneurology, psychiatrylower extremity paresisdifferentiates organic from non-organic etiology hoover's sign (pulmonary)charles franklin hooverpulmonologycopdinward movement of lower ribs during inspiration howship–romberg signjohn howship,moritz heinrich rombergsurgeryobturator herniahowship's syndrome at who named it?pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee hutchinson's frecklesir jonathan hutchinsondermatologymelanomahutchinson's freckle at who named it?precancerous facial pigmentation hutchinson's pupilsir jonathan hutchinsonneurologyoculomotor nerve lesionhutchinson's pupil at who named it?dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to iiird nerve compression hutchinson's signsir jonathan hutchinsonophthalmologyherpes zosterhutchinson's sign 2 at who named it?lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster hutchinson's teethsir jonathan hutchinsonpediatricscongenital syphilissmall, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces hutchinson's triadsir jonathan hutchinsonpediatricscongenital syphilisinterstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, hutchinson's teeth janeway lesiontheodore caldwell janewaycardiologyinfective endocarditispalmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules jendrassik maneuverernő jendrassikneurologyhyporeflexiacompares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction jobe's relocation test christopher jobe orthopedics joffroy's signalexis joffroyendocrinologyexophthalmos in graves diseasejoffroy's sign i at who named it?lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed jolly's testfriedrich jollyneurologymyasthenia gravis or eaton–lambert syndromeelectromyography test using repeated stimuli to show fatiguability in myasthenia jones criteriat. duckett jonesrheumatologyrheumatic fevercriteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever kanavel's signallen b. kanavelorthopedics, rheumatologytenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendonhttp://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic97.htm(1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit. kayser–fleischer ringbernhard kayser,bruno fleischerneurology, gastroenterologywilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction kehr's signhans kehrtrauma surgeryruptured spleenreferred pain to l shoulder kelly's signhoward atwood kellysurgery, urologyvisible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same) kerley linespeter kerleyradiologypulmonary edema kernig's signwoldemar kernigneurologymeningism, meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhagesynd/2200 at who named it?hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus kocher's signemil theodor kocherophthalmology, endocrinologyhyperthyroidism, basedow's disease,in fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid koebner's phenomenonheinrich koebnerdermatologyvarious conditions koeppe's nodulesleonhard koeppeophthalmologyuveitisgranulomatous nodules at pupillary margin koplik's spotshenry koplikpediatricsmeasles korotkoff soundsnikolai korotkovcardiologyauscultatory sphygmomanometrykorotkov described 5 sounds. only the first (the onset of audible sound, and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible, corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however, see:auscultatory gap) kussmaul breathingadolph kussmaulendocrinologymetabolic acidosislaboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency kussmaul's signadolph kussmaulcardiologyvarious, including right side failureincreased jugular distension on inspiration kveim testmorten ansgar kveimpulmonary medicinesarcoidosisintradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete lachman maneuverjohn lachmanorthopedic surgeryanterior cruciate ligament injurymodified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion ladin's signlouis julius ladin, lithuanian-american gynecologist, (1862-1951)obstetricsnormal pregnancy(needed)softening of uterus; similar to hegar's sign lancisi's signgiovanni maria lancisicardiologytricuspid regurgitationgiant v-wave in seen in jugular vein landau–kleffner syndrome william landau, frank kleffner neurology, psychiatry aphasia aphasia and an abnormal eeg larrey's signdominique larreyrheumatologysacroiliitispain in sacroiliac area on sitting down on hard chair lasègue's signcharles lasègueneurosurgery, orthopaedic surgerylumbar disc lesions, sciaticabetter known as straight leg raise test leopold's maneuverchristian gerhard leopoldobstetricsleopold's maneuver at who named it?determination of fetal lie leser–trélat signedmund leser,ulysse trélatoncologymalignant neoplasmleser-trélat sign at who named it?sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses levine's signsamuel a. levinecardiologymyocardial infarctionpatient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain lhermitte's signjean lhermitteneurologylesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, ms, chemotherapy, behçet's diseaseelectrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension liebermeister's rulecarl von liebermeisterinternal medicineliebermeister's rule at who named it?for each fever degree celsius an increase of 8 beats per minute in cardiac frequency lisch nodulekarl lischophthalmologytype i neurofibromatosisyellow brown hamartomata on iris lisker's sign ?internal medicinedeep venous thrombosis(needed)tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia litten's signmoritz littencardiologyinfective endocarditisemedicinecotton-wool exudate in the retina lombard effectétienne lombardpsychiatrymalingering due to simulated deafnessautomatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise louvel's sign ?internal medicinedeep venous thrombosis(needed)increased pain along vein with valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this lowenberg's signrobert i. lowenbergvascular medicinedeep vein thrombosis(needed)immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf macdonald triadjohn m. macdonaldpsychiatrysociopathic personality disordereneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour macewen's signsir william macewenneurology, neurosurgeryhydrocephalus, brain abscessresonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture magnan's signvalentin magnanaddiction medicinecocaine dependencemagnan's sign at who named it?feeling of moving foreign body under the skin mantoux testcharles mantouxinfectious diseasetuberculosisintradermal protein derivative – diameter of wheal evaluated marcus gunn pupilrobert marcus gunnophthalmology, neurologysevere retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasmgunn's pupillary phenomenon at who named it?relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side markle's signgeorge bushar markle ivsurgeryappendicitis(needed)rlq pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels massouh's signfarouk massouhsurgeryappendicitis(needed)grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep. mayne's sign ?cardiologyaortic insufficiency(needed)diastolic blood pressure drop of >15mmhg on raising arm mcburney's pointcharles mcburneysurgeryappendicitis2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum) mcconnell's signm.v. mcconnellcardiologypulmonary embolismechocardiography finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex mcmurray testthomas porter mcmurrayorthopaedicsmeniscal tearmcmurray's sign at who named it?knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click means–lerman scratchj. lerman, j.h. meansendocrinologyhyperthyroidismsystolic heart murmur similar to pericardial rub mees' linesr.a. meestoxicologyarsenic or heavy metal poisoningtransverse white lines across the nails mellinghoff's signkarl hermann mellinghoff, german endocrinologist, (1908-1967)hyperbaric medicinecutaneous decompression sicknesscoughing or valsalve accentuates the venous markings of an erysipeloid rash mentzer indexwilliam c. mentzer jr.hematologymicrocytic anemiadifferentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia miller fisher testc. miller fisherneurologynormal pressure hydrocephalusimprovement in cognitive function after withdrawal of csf during lumbar puncture used to confirm diagnosis moniz signantónio egas monizneurologypyramidal tract lesionsthe babinski sign – a reappraisal neurol india 48 (4): 314–8.forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response möbius signpaul julius möbiusendocrinologythyrotoxicosismöbius sign at thefreedictionary.cominability to maintain convergence of eyes muehrcke's linesrobert c. muehrckenephrology, oncologyhypoalbuminaemia, chemotherapypaired transverse white lines on nail bed mulder's signjacob d. mulderneurology, podiatrymorton's neuromatransverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the distribution of the affected nerve müller's maneuverjohannes peter müllerpulmonologycollapsed section of airwaypatient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of valsalva maneuver) müller's signfriedrich von müllercardiologyaortic insufficiencymüller's sign at who named it?visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula murphy's punch signjohn b. murphyurologyperinephric abscessmurphy's punch at who named it?punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle murphy's signjohn b. murphysurgerycholecystitismurphy's sign at who named it?hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated myerson's signabraham myersonneurologyparkinson's diseaseinability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed naegele's rulefranz karl naegelegynecologygestationmethod of estimating due date nardi testgeorge nardigastroenterologydysfunction of sphincter of oddiadministration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp luq pain; not in general use nikolsky's signpyotr nikolskydermatologyvarious, including pemphigus vulgarisshearing of epidermis under pressure o'brien's test ?https://mskmedicine.com/clinical_skills/obriens-test/assesses the integrity of the glenoid labrum and ac joint o'donoghue's triadd. o'donoghueorthopaedics, sports medicineknee injurycoincidence of anterior cruciate injury, medial collateral injury and meniscal tear oliver's signwilliam silver olivercardiologyaortic arch aneurysmcaudal movement of trachea with systole oppenheim's signhermann oppenheimneurologypyramidal tract lesionsoppenheim's reflex at who named it?irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe ortolani testmarino ortolanipediatrics & orthopedicscongenital hip dislocationortolani's sign and test at who named it?palpable clunk on moving hip osborn wavejohn jay osborncardiology, emergency medicinehypothermiapositive deflection at qrs-st junction osler's nodesir william oslerinternal medicinevarious, including sbe and slepainful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces osler's signsir william oslerinternal medicineatherosclerosisfalsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels palla's signantonio pallainternal medicinepulmonary embolismpulmonary embolism at merck manual onlineenlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray pastia's signconstantin chessec pastiapediatricsscarlet feverpastia's sign at who named it?lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes) patrick's testhugh talbot patrickrheumatologysacroiliitispatrick's test at who named it?external rotation of the hip causes pain peabody's signc.n. peabodyinternal medicinedeep vein thrombosiscalf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended pemberton's signhugh pembertonthoracic surgeryretrosternal mass with superior vena cava syndromearms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor phalen's maneuvergeorge s. phalenrheumatology, hand surgerycarpal tunnel syndrome30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms piskaçek's signludwig piskaçekobstetricsnormal pregnancypiskaçek's sign at who named it?palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7–8 weeks plummer's nailhenry stanley plummerendocrinologythyrotoxicosisplummer's nail at who named it?onycholysis especially of ring and little fingers pratt's signgerald h. prattinternal medicinedeep venous thrombosispain elicited by compression of posterior calf prehn's sign douglas t. prehn urology testicular torsion no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle suggests testicular torsion queckenstedt's maneuverhans heinrich georg queckenstedtneurologyspinal stenosisqueckenstedt's phenomenon at who named it?bilateral jugular vein pressure during lumbar puncture causes sudden rise in csf pressure quincke's signheinrich irenaeus quinckecardiologyaortic insufficiencyquincke's capillary pulse at who named it?visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed reynolds' pentadb.m. reynoldsgastroenterologyascending cholangitisreynold's pentad at who named it?charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state riesman's signdavid riesmanendocrinologythyrotoxicosisbruit over globe of the eye rigler's signleo george riglerradiology, abdominal surgerypneumoperitoneumrigler's sign at who named it?gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel rinne testheinrich adolf rinneent, neurology, audiometryhearing impairmentrinne's test at who named it?comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness romaña's signcecilio romañatropical medicinechagas' diseaseromaña's sign at who named it?painless unilateral periorbital swelling romberg testmoritz heinrich rombergneurologydorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, alcohol intoxicationromberg's sign at who named it?inability to maintain posture with eyes closed rose's sign ?vascular medicinedeep vein thrombosis(needed)warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected leg is pinched rosenbach's testottomar rosenbachclinical chemistrybilirubinuriarosenbach's test at who named it?colour produced on addition of nitric acid rosenstein's signpaul rosensteingeneral surgeryappendicitisadvances in pediatrics. jp medical ltd. p. 1432. isbn 978-93-5025-777-7.tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture on the left side rossolimo's signgrigory ivanovich rossolimoneurologypyramidal tract lesionsthe babinski sign – a reappraisal neurol india 48 (4): 314–8.percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes roth's spotsmoritz rothophthalmology, internal medicinevarious, including sbe