guayana esequiba in march 2020. the icj also delayed public hearings over maritime border disputes between somalia and kenya until march 2021. both hearings were postponed due to the pandemic. global ceasefire the coronavirus pandemic appears to have worsened conflict dynamics; it has also led to a united nations security council resolution demanding a global ceasefire. on 23 march 2020, united nations secretary-general antónio guterres issued an appeal for a global ceasefire as part of the united nations' response to the covid-19 pandemic. on 24 june 2020, 170 un member states and observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal, rising to 172 on 25 june 2020. on 1 july 2020, the un security council passed resolution s/res/2532 (2020), demanding a "general and immediate cessation of hostilities in all situations on its agenda," expressing support for "the efforts undertaken by the secretary-general and his special representatives and special envoys in that respect," calling for "all parties to armed conflicts to engage immediately in a durable humanitarian pause" of at least 90 consecutive days, and calling for greater international cooperation to address the pandemic. nato the planned nato "defender 2020" military exercises in germany, poland and the baltic states was held on a reduced scale. the morning star reported that campaign for nuclear disarmament's general secretary kate hudson criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the u.s. and the many european countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating." defender-europe 21, one of the largest u.s. army, nato-led military exercises in europe in decades, began in mid-march 2021 and lasted until june 2021. it included "nearly simultaneous operations across more than 30 training areas" in estonia, bulgaria, romania, kosovo and other countries. vaccine diplomacy main article: vaccine diplomacy after deployment of covid-19 vaccines began in december 2020, vaccine diplomacy was adopted by many nations that manufactured vaccines or possessed vaccine supplies, notably india and china. impact on national politics argentina main article: covid-19 pandemic in argentina the protests in argentina in 2020 and 2021 are a series of demonstrations that take place from may 2020 in different parts of the country. the reasons are diverse, with the common denominator being discontent over the successive extensions of the isolation measures adopted to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease. for this reason, some media describe the protests as "antiquarantine." 4 5 6 other slogans expressed opposition to the government, denial of the existence of the pandemic and demands for more freedom, among others.7 8 the demonstrations were held in different parts of the country, with the epicenter in the city of buenos aires. in general, the participants did so from their vehicles in order to keep their distance from other people, although in some cases the attendees did not comply with the prevention measures established by the authorities. on 12 august 2021, a photo was leaked of a birthday party hosted by first lady fabiola yáñez where president alberto fernández was present among many others during strict quarantine in july 2020. on 13 august 2021, the opposition presented a formal impeachment against fernández asking for his removal for violating restrictions. belgium main article: covid-19 pandemic in belgium on 17 march 2020, sophie wilmès was sworn in as prime minister of belgium. seven opposition parties pledged to support the minority wilmès ii government, in its previous composition, with plenary power to handle the coronavirus pandemic in belgium. brazil main article: covid-19 pandemic in brazil president jair bolsonaro has been criticized for his handling of the crisis. he has referred to the pandemic as a "fantasy". according to one poll, 64% of brazilians reject the way bolsonaro has handled the pandemic, while 44.8% support his impeachment, an all-time high. during a speech by the president about the pandemic, many brazilians participated in a panelaço protesting the president by banging pots and pans on balconies. cambodia main article: covid-19 pandemic in cambodia cambodian prime minister hun sen was granted new powers in a draft state of emergency law amid the covid-19 pandemic in cambodia in march 2020. several human rights organisations criticised the draft law as an opportunistic move to further centralise power and restrict civil rights. canada main article: covid-19 pandemic in canada on 13 march 2020, the parliament of canada voted to suspend activity in both houses until 20 april for the house of commons and 21 april for the senate. the house of commons' health and finance committees were granted the ability to hold weekly virtual meetings during the pandemic. the leadership contests of the conservative party of canada, green party of british columbia, quebec liberal party and parti québécois were postponed. on 1 december 2020, the canadian federal government announced plans for a $100 billion to kick-start the countries post-pandemic economy. this is its biggest relief package since the second world war and it will account for about to 3-4% of canada's gdp and will bring the countries deficit to $381.6 billion. on 7 january the canadian government made it compulsory that travellers to canada must have returned a negative covid-19 test prior to travel. it was introduced to try to prevent new strains of covid-19 from entering the country. this was to extends the restrictions on entry further from 26 march 2020 which saw a requirement that made it mandatory to isolate after entering canada except if you were from the usa. china