energy consumption c070201 7.3 by 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency 7.3.1 energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and gdp c070301 7.a by 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology 7.a.1 international financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems c070a01 7.b by 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing states and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support 7.b.1 installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita) c200208 goal 8: promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all main article: sustainable development goal 8 targets (from the 2030 agenda for sustainable development) indicators (versions from march 2020) unsd indicator codes 8.1 sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries 8.1.1 annual growth rate of real gdp per capita c080101 8.2 achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors 8.2.1 annual growth rate of real gdp per employed person c080201 8.3 promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services 8.3.1 proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex c080302 8.4 improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10‑year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead 8.4.1 material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per gdp c200202 8.4.2 domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per gdp c200203 8.5 by 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value 8.5.1 average hourly earnings of employees, by sex, age, occupation and persons with disabilities c080501 8.5.2 unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities c080502 8.6 by 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training 8.6.1 proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training c080601 8.7 take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms 8.7.1 proportion and number of children aged 5–17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age c080701 8.8 protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment 8.8.1 fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers, by sex and migrant status c080801 8.8.2 level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on international labour organization (ilo) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status c080802 8.9 by 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 8.9.1 tourism direct gdp as a proportion of total gdp and in growth rate c080901 8.10 strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all 8.10.1 (a) number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (atms) per 100,000 adults c081001 8.10.2 proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider c081002 8.a increase aid for trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the enhanced integrated framework for trade-related technical assistance to least developed countries 8.a.1 aid for trade commitments and disbursements c080a01 8.b by 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the global jobs pact of the international labour organization 8.b.1 existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy c080b01 goal 9: build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation main article: sustainable development goal 9 targets (from the 2030 agenda for sustainable development) indicators (versions from march 2020) unsd indicator codes 9.1 develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all 9.1.1 proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road c090101 9.1.2 passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport c090102 9.2 promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry's share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries 9.2.1 manufacturing value added as a proportion of gdp and per capita c090201 9.2.2 manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment c090202 9.3 increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets 9.3.1 proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added c090301 9.3.2 proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit c090302 9.4 by 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 9.4.1 co2 emission per unit of value added c090401 9.5 enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending 9.5.1 research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp c090501 9.5.2 researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants c090502 9.a facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to african countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states 9.a.1 total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure c090a01 9.b support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities 9.b.1 proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added c090b01 9.c significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020 9.c.1 proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology c090c01 goal 10: reduce inequality within and among countries main article: sustainable development goal 10 targets (from the 2030 agenda for sustainable development) indicators (versions from march 2020) unsd indicator codes 10.1 by 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average 10.1.1 growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population c100101 10.2 by 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status 10.2.1 proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities c100201 10.3 ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard 10.3.1 proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law c200204 10.4 adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality 10.4.1 labour share of gdp c100401 10.4.2 redistributive impact of fiscal policy c100402 10.5 improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations 10.5.1 financial soundness indicators c100501 10.6 ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions 10.6.1 proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations c200205 10.7 facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies 10.7.1 recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination c100701 10.7.2 number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people c100702 10.7.3 number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination c100703 10.7.4 proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin c100704 10.a implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with world trade organization agreements 10.a.1 proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff c100a01 10.b encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to states where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, african countries, small island developing states and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes 10.b.1 total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows) c100b01 10.c by 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent 10.c.1 remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted c100c01 goal 11: make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable main article: sustainable development goal 11 targets (from the 2030 agenda for sustainable development) indicators (versions from march 2020) unsd indicator codes 11.1.1 proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing c110101 11.2 by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.2.1 proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities c110201 11.3 by 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.3.1 ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate c110301 11.3.2 proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically c110302 11.4 strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage 11.4.1 total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal) c110401 11.5 by 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 11.5.1 number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population c200303 11.5.2 direct economic loss in relation to global gdp, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters c110502 11.6 by 2030, reduce the adverse per