with a single eye. for example, she perceives arseface, a man with severe facial deformities, as resembling a young james dean. val kilmer's character has visual agnosia in the film at first sight. in "folie à deux", a fifth-season episode of the x-files, mulder succumbs to the same belief as telemarketer gary lambert, that his boss greg pincus is a monster who disguises his true appearance by means of hypnosis. scully, although believing this notion preposterous, suggests that what mulder describes is analogous to an induced visual agnosia. the short story "liking what you see: a documentary" by ted chiang examines the cultural effects of a noninvasive medical procedure that induces a visual agnosia toward physical beauty. in the manga and anime odd taxi, the main character odokawa has agnosia, which causes him to see himself and everyone around him as an animal.