correlated to the number of emotionally arousing film clips capable of being recalled in patients. unilateral activation of the amygdala due to fearful stimuli may also produce unilateral activation of other regions. the right middle temporal gyrus, right brainstem, left hippocampus, right cerebellum, right fuisform gyrus, and left lingual gyrus were also activated during fearful stimuli. activation of multiple brain regions both indicates that emotions are processed in many parts of the brain and that emotions are complex. the amygdala probably plays a role in the conscious processing of emotion. the left amygdala was activated during the processing of conscious stimuli while the right amygdala was active during the processing of nonconscous stimuli. anterior cingulate cortex (acc) the anterior cingulate cortex (acc) plays a role in a variety of functions including emotional ones. the acc may be important in conscious awareness of emotion. damage to the acc is associated with decreased scr to physical and psychological stimuli. bilateral and unilateral damage both resulted in decreased scr indicates that the right and left acc's may specialized in certain aspects of emotional response. anterior insula (ai) the left anterior insula (ai) increasingly responds to increasingly fearful stimuli. the ai may also be involved in the conscious experience of emotion. implications phenomena such as emotional lateralization may help describe how emotions arise, persist, and alter our behavior. understanding emotional lateralization will help scientists understand emotion in general. emotional lateralization may also play a role in psychological disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. future treatment of psychological disorders may have more targeted neurological treatments rather than ingested drugs. symptoms that arise from confined regions of damage usually have stereotypical emotional and behavioral changes. diagnosis for locating damaged regions that process emotion may aided by noticeable emotional changes categorized under one of the lateralized emotional control systems. diagnosis and treatment for cardiovascular irregularities that arises from emotions states could be aided by understanding the physical basis of the psychological influences. instead of treating the cardiovascular irregularities for psychological issues, treatment could target the lateralized brain regions. limitation of studies like all human based scientific experiments there are limitations to what researchers can do. attempting to study emotions is especially hard since emotions are complex and can lead to subjective response. since the majority of experiments in emotional lateralization have been on fear this leaves the question of whether other emotions are also lateralized. below are two major issues associated with many of the experiments studying emotion that require further explanation. sample size a large percent of the human studies are of anomalies due to accidents, tumors, or attempts to cure disease (e.g. seizures) using lesioning. since very few such cases exist the sample size of human studies of emotional lateralization are generally very limited and may be as small as single person. while these studies may provide a good insight into certain brain regions and their functions their conclusions are not definite. animal studies may help in understanding this problem but emotions in humans are generally considered more complicated than in most animals. functional imaging there are several limitations when using fmri or pet to study emotional responses. because fmri measures changes in blood oxygenation, using the bold effect, its temporal resolution is limited by the haemodynamic response to several seconds. pet has similar limits, offering slightly better temporal resolution and slightly worse spatial resolution. lesioning lesions rarely are localized and can affect large areas of the brain. processing in the brain is generally not localized and requires many areas of the brain to process. furthermore, lesioning may interfere with pathways that span the lesion site. thus, lesions are not always a good way to determine what specific brain areas do. therefore, a degree of skepticism should be kept in mind when viewing lateralization data from lesion studies. notes lane, p. 16. lane, p. 79-80. lane, p. 332. lane, p. 192. lane, p. 233-237. lane, p. 321. lane, p. 334-339. lane, p. 261. lane, p. 71-73. lane, p. 228-230 lane, p. 383 lane, p. 192-195. lane, p. 117-120. lane, p. 359-361.