as feces before being removed by defecation. laryngeal prominence – the adam's apple, or laryngeal prominence, colloquially known as the neck triangle, is the lump or protrusion in the human neck formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx seen especially in males. laryngeal ventricle – (also called the ventricle of the larynx, laryngeal sinus, or morgagni's sinus) is a fusiform fossa, situated between the vestibular and vocal folds on either side, and extending nearly their entire length. there is also a sinus of morgagni in the pharynx. laryngospasm – ligament – is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones. lips – are a visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans. lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. human lips are a tactile sensory organ, and can be an erogenous zone when used in kissing and other acts of intimacy. little finger – or pinky finger, also known as the fifth digit, or pinkie, is the most ulnar and smallest finger of the human hand, opposite the thumb, and next to the ring finger. liver – is an organ only found in vertebrates which detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. in humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, and the production of hormones. long bone – lumbar vertebrae – lung – lung cancer – lupus erythematosus – lymph – lymphatic system – lymphatic vessel – lymph node – lymphocyte – lymphoma - cancer of the lymphatic system. m major depressive disorder – (mdd), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood. low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause are common symptoms. those affected may also occasionally have delusions or hallucinations. some people have periods of depression separated by years, while others nearly always have symptoms present. major depression is more severe and lasts longer than sadness, which is a normal part of life. male reproductive system – mammary gland – mandible – the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face. it forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. the mandible sits beneath the maxilla. it is the only movable bone of the skull (discounting the ossicles of the middle ear). masseter muscle – in human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. the most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it is the most superficial and one of the strongest. maternal-fetal medicine – (mfm), also known as perinatology, is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy. maxilla – in vertebrates, is the upper fixed (not fixed in neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. in humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. the two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. this is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. the mandible is the movable part of the jaw. mcat – medical college admission test. medical biology – medical classification – a medical classification is a list of standardized codes used in the process of medical coding and medical billing. medical coding – the practice of assigning statistical codes to medical statements, such as those made during a hospital stay. closely related to medical billing. medical college admission test – (mcat), is a computer-based standardized examination for prospective medical students in the united states, australia, canada, and caribbean islands. it is designed to assess problem solving, critical thinking, written analysis and knowledge of scientific concepts and principles. medical device – is any device intended to be used for medical purposes. medical devices benefit patients by helping health care providers diagnose and treat patients and helping patients overcome sickness or disease, improving their quality of life. significant potential for hazards are inherent when using a device for medical purposes and thus medical devices must be proved safe and effective with reasonable assurance before regulating governments allow marketing of the device in their country. as a general rule, as the associated risk of the device increases the amount of testing required to establish safety and efficacy also increases. further, as associated risk increases the potential benefit to the patient must also increase. medical diagnosis – (abbreviated dx or ds) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. it is most often referred to as diagnosis with the medical context being implicit. the information required for diagnosis is typically collected from a history and physical examination of the person seeking medical care. often, one or more diagnostic procedures, such as medical tests, are also done during the process. sometimes posthumous diagnosis is considered a kind of medical diagnosis. medical ethics – medical history – medical imaging – medical laboratory – medical research – medical school – medical sign – medical speciality – medication – medulla oblongata – metacarpal bones – metatarsal bones – microbiology – middle finger – middle temporal artery – molecular biology – mouth – muscle – muscular system – musculoskeletal system – n nail – a nail is a claw-like keratinous plate at the tip of the fingers and toes in most primates. nails correspond to claws found in other animals. fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alpha-keratin which is found in the hooves, hair, claws and horns of vertebrates. nanobiotechnology – nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. nasal cavity – is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. the nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities, also known as fossae. each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. the nasal cavity is the uppermost part of the respiratory system and provides the nasal passage for inhaled air from the nostrils to the nasopharynx and rest of the respiratory tract. the paranasal sinuses surround and drain into the nasal cavity. nasopharynx – the upper portion of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate. it includes the space between the internal nares and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity. the adenoids, also known as the pharyngeal tonsils, are lymphoid tissue structures located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. waldeyer's tonsillar ring is an annular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in both the nasopharynx and oropharynx. the nasopharynx is lined by respiratory epithelium that is pseudostratified, columnar, and ciliated. navel – the navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. all placental mammals have a navel. nephrology – is a specialty of medicine that concerns with study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). nerve – is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibres called axons, in the peripheral nervous system. a nerve transmits electrical impulses and is the basic unit of the peripheral nervous system. a nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses called action potentials that are transmitted along each of the axons to peripheral organs or, in the case of sensory nerves, from the periphery back to the central nervous system. each axon within the nerve is an extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. nervous system – is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. the nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events. neurology – is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems (and their subdivisions, the autonomic and somatic nervous systems), including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system. neuroscience – (or neurobiology), is the scientific study of the nervous system. it is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling, and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits. neurosurgery – or neurological surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. nose – the human nose is the most protruding part of the face. it bears the nostrils and is the first organ of the respiratory system. it is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. the shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two. on average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female. nuclear medicine – is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. nuclear medicine imaging, in a sense, is "radiology done inside out" or "endoradiology" because it records radiation emitting from within the body rather than radiation that is generated by external sources like x-rays. in addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology, as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy, but on the function. for such reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. single photon emission computed tomography (spect) and positron emission tomography (pet) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine. nutrition – is the science that interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. it includes ingestion, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion. o oblique muscle of auricle – the oblique muscle of auricle (oblique auricular muscle or tod muscle) is an intrinsic muscle of the outer ear. the oblique muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. it consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it. obstetrics – is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. as a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (ob/gyn), which is a surgical field. obstetrics and gynaecology – obstetrics and gynaecology (british english) or obstetrics and gynecology (american english) is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) and gynecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system – vagina, uterus, ovaries, and breasts). it is commonly abbreviated as ob-gyn or ob/gyn in us english, and as obs and gynae or o&g in british english. occipital bone – is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). it is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. the occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the