pharmacometrics pharmacometrics pharmacometrics is a field of study of the methodology and application of models for disease and pharmacological measurement. it uses mathematical models of biology, pharmacology, disease, and physiology to describe and quantify interactions between xenobiotics and patients (human and non-human), including beneficial effects and adverse effects. it is normally applied to quantify drug, disease and trial information to aid efficient drug development, regulatory decisions and rational drug treatment in patients. pharmacometrics uses models based on pharmacology, physiology, and disease for quantitative analysis of interactions between drugs and patients. this involves systems pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease progression with a focus on populations and variability. mould and upton provide an overview of basic concepts in population modeling, simulation, and model-based drug development. a major focus of pharmacometrics is to understand variability in drug response. variability may be predictable (e.g. due to differences in body weight or kidney function) or apparently unpredictable (a reflection of the current lack of knowledge). origins the term "pharmacometrics" first appeared in literature in the preface of the 1964 book "evaluation of drug activities: pharmacometrics":the sub-title of the book is, as far as we are aware, a neologism, coined by one of us (a.l.b.), and the word is defined by the main title of the book, which could have been even more explicitly, if more verbosely, expressed as "the identification and the comparative evaluation, qualitative and quantitative, of drug activities". the term has an etymological precedent in the now widely accepted "econometrics". we hope it will prove useful for distinguishing the kind of measurement discussed and described in this book from what is nowadays called bioassay; although the same techniques sometimes serve for both, their objectives are not at all identical.however, the editors later state at the end of the preface:...we have learned with interest and humility that dr. karl beyer, a vice-president of merck, sharpe and dohme, rahway, new jersey, u.s.a., and current president of the american pharmacological society, "coined the word (pharmacometrics) in the early '50s and has been using it in internal reports ever since" (j. r. vane, personal communication). moreover, one of the laboratories in the pharmacological department of his company is "labeled 'pharmacometrics'"! we do not know in exactly what sense dr. beyer has been using the word, though we find it difficult to think of any other legitimate one than that advanced above. we can only hope that he also thinks so and that its use in the title of this book may help to give it the wider currency that we believe it to deserve and all the "priority" rights to dr. beyer. types of models pharmacokinetics (pk) models of pharmacokinetic processes. pharmacodynamics (pd) models of pharmacodynamic processes. physiologically based pharmacokinetics physiologically based pharmacokinetic models exposure-response exposure-response models describe the relationship between exposure (or pharmacokinetics), and response (or pharmacodynamics) for both desired and undesired effects.