type 2 inflammation type 2 inflammation type 2 inflammation is a pattern of immune response. its physiological function is to defend the body against helminths, but a dysregulation of the type 2 inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases. not to be confused with type ii hypersensitivity. molecular biology il-25, il-33, and tslp are alarmins released from damaged epithelial cells. these cytokines mediate the activation of type 2 t helper cells (th2 cells), type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ilc2 cells), and dendritic cells. th2 cells and ilc2 cells secrete il-4, il-5 and il-13. il-4 further drives cd4+ t cell differentiation towards the th2 subtype and induces isotype switching to ige in b cells. il-4 and il-13 stimulate trafficking of eosinophils to the site of inflammation, while il-5 promotes both eosinophil trafficking and production. dysregulation in human disease type 2 inflammation has been implicated in several chronic diseases: asthma atopic dermatitis chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps eosinophilic esophagitis persons with one type 2 inflammatory disease are more likely to have other type 2 inflammatory diseases. pharmacological targets several medicines have been developed that target mediators of type 2 inflammation: il-4-specific blockers: altrakincept pascolizumab il-5-specific blockers: benralizumab mepolizumab reslizumab il-13-specific blockers: lebrikizumab tralokinumab dual il-4 and il-13 blockers: dupilumab ige-blockers: ligelizumab omalizumab