wrote about the old testament: for many people, ... only physical violence truly qualifies as violence. but, certainly, violence is more than killing people, unless one includes all those words and actions that kill people slowly. the effect of limitation to a "killing fields" perspective is the widespread neglect of many other forms of violence. we must insist that violence also refers to that which is psychologically destructive, that which demeans, damages, or depersonalizes others. in view of these considerations, violence may be defined as follows: any action, verbal or nonverbal, oral or written, physical or psychical, active or passive, public or private, individual or institutional/societal, human or divine, in whatever degree of intensity, that abuses, violates, injures, or kills. some of the most pervasive and most dangerous forms of violence are those that are often hidden from view (against women and children, especially); just beneath the surface in many of our homes, churches, and communities is abuse enough to freeze the blood. moreover, many forms of systemic violence often slip past our attention because they are so much a part of the infrastructure of life (e.g., racism, sexism, ageism).