sars-cov-2 gamma variant sars-cov-2 gamma variant the gamma variant (p.1) was one of the variants of sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19. this variant of sars-cov-2 has been named lineage p.1 and has 17 amino acid substitutions, ten of which in its spike protein, including these three designated to be of particular concern: n501y, e484k and k417t. this variant of sars-cov-2 was first detected by the national institute of infectious diseases (niid) of japan, on 6 january 2021 in four people who had arrived in tokyo having visited amazonas, brazil, four days earlier. it was subsequently declared to be in circulation in brazil. under the simplified naming scheme proposed by the world health organization, p.1 has been labeled gamma variant, and is currently considered a variant of concern. not to be confused with gammacoronavirus. sars-cov-2 variantgammascientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of sars-cov-2. each "ball" is an atom.general detailswho designationgammaother names20j/501y.v3, variant of concern 202101/02 (voc-202101/02), brazilian variant or brazil variant'lineagep.1first detectedtokyo, japandate reported6 january 2021 (2021-01-06)statusvariant of concerncases maptotal number of p.1 sequences by country as of 21 april 2021 legend: 1,000+ confirmed sequences 500–999 confirmed sequences 100–499 confirmed sequences 2–99 confirmed sequences 1 confirmed sequence none or no data available major variants alpha (b.1.1.7) beta (b.1.351) gamma (p.1) delta (b.1.617.2) omicron (b.1.1.529) ba.1 (b.1.1.529.1)ba.2 (b.1.1.529.2)ba.3 (b.1.1.529.3)ba.4 (b.1.1.529.4)ba.5 (b.1.1.529.5) part of a series on thecovid-19 pandemicscientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of sars-cov-2. each "ball" is an atom. covid-19 (disease) sars-cov-2 (virus) cases deaths timeline 2019 2020 january responses february responses march responses april responses may responses june responses july responses august responses september 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union germany ghana india ireland netherlands new zealand nigeria philippines russia sweden uk government us federal government vietnam medical response disease testing breathalyzer development drug development drug repurposing public health mitigation vaccines history research vitt deployment authorizations operation warp speed misinformation and hesitancy us vaccine card vaccine passports current vaccines coronavac covaxin convidecia janssen medigen moderna novavax oxford–astrazeneca pfizer–biontech sinopharm bibp sputnik v variants variants of concern alpha beta gamma delta omicron other variants epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu cluster 5 lineage b.1.617 economic impact and recession arts and culture aviation cannabis cinema films disney fashion financial markets food industry food security journalism music performing arts retail shipping television us sportscasting programs tourism video games by country canada india ireland malaysia new zealand russia uk us by sport association football baseball basketball combat sports cricket disc golf gaelic games gridiron football ice hockey motorsport rugby league impacts animals black people crime death rates by country disability domestic violence emergency evacuations education female environment hospitals language lgbt community long-term care media coverage mental health symptoms migration military notable deaths other health issues politics diplomacy popular culture protests pregnancy prisons religion catholic church hajj science and technology social media strikes suicides telehealth xenophobia and racism society ireland malaysia new zealand russia uk us covid-19 portal gamma caused widespread infection in early 2021 in the city of manaus, the capital of amazonas, although the city had already experienced widespread infection in may 2020, with a study indicating high seroprevalence of antibodies for sars-cov-2. a research article published in science journal indicate that p.1 infected people have a greater chance of transmissibility and death than b.1.1.28 infected ones. the gamma variant comprises the two distinct subvariants 28-am-1 and 28-am-2, which both carry the k417t, e484k, n501y mutations, and which both developed independently of each other within the same brazilian amazonas region. gamma is notably different from the zeta variant (lineage p.2) which also circulated strongly in brazil. in particular, zeta only carries the e484k mutation and has neither of the other two mutations of concern, n501y and k417t. classification initial reports claimed that both p.1 and p.2 were two separate and different descendants of the brazilian lineage b.1.1.248. however, b.1.1.248 later lost its status as a distinct lineage and was reclassified to b.1.1.28. p.1 has also been called b.1.1.28.1, while p.2 has been b.1.1.28.2 or vui-202101/01. since only three sublevels are permitted in the pango lineage system of nomenclature, hence the designation of b.1.1.28.1 to p.1 and b.1.1.28.2 to p.2. following its detection, genome data for four samples of the new variant were shared to gisaid having been assigned the id range: epi_isl_792680 to epi_isl_792683. mutations amino acid mutations of sars-cov-2 gamma variant plotted on a genome map of sars-cov-2 with a focus on spike. defining mutations in gamma variant gene amino acid orf1absynt733c sync2749t s1188l k1795q del11288-11296 (3675-3677 sgf) sync12778t sync13860t e5665d spikel18f t20n p26s d138y r190s k417t e484k n501y h 655y t1027i orf8e92k ins28269-28273 np80r source: faria et al. (2021), figure 1.b variants of sars-cov-2 as well as having eight mutations (four of these synonymous genetic mutations) in its open reading frames (orf1a and orf1b) – one of which is a set of deletions – gamma has 10 defining mutations in its spike protein, including n501y and e484k. it also has two mutations – one an insertion – in its orf8 gene and one in its n gene. descendant and sublineages coronavirus lineage b.1.1.28 has originated four known lineages classified as variant of interest (voi) or variant of concern (voc): lineages p.1, p.2, p.3 and p.4. lineage p.2 (b.1.1.28.2, zeta variant), first detected in october 2020 in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, only shares one mutation of concern with p.1, which is the e484k. the other p.2 mutations are without concern and rarely found for other variants. the five p.2-specific mutations are: e484k in s-gene, a119s in n-gene, 5’utr c100u, plus l3468v and sync11824u in orf1ab-gene. other mutations commonly found in p.2 are: 3’utr c29754u, f120f (sync28253u) in orf8, m234i in the n-gene, plus l3930f and syna12964g in orf1ab. lineage p.3 (theta variant) was first identified in the philippines on 18 february 2021 when two mutations of concern were detected in central visayas. the remaining b.1.1.28 derivative virus is lineage p.4. although researchers have not identified its precise origin, it was first sequenced in itirapina, brazil, and was already circulating in various municipalities in the state of são paulo of the same country. it carries a mutation of concern in the spike protein called l452r which is also present in lineage b.1.617 (delta and kappa variants) detected in india, epsilon variant (lineages b.1.427 and b.1.429) from california, united states. the branch of this lineage is p.4.1 (vui-np13l)—suspected to have arisen in goiás, brazil, around june–july 2020— also rapidly spread to the southeast of the country, where for example taquara had its first genome sequence, and to the northeast of the nation. it was detected internationally, with reported cases in japan, netherlands and england. the p.4.1 has v1176f and d614g mutations in spike protein. prevention