-monas -monas the suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "unicellular organism". meaning the suffix -monas found in many genera in microbiology is similar in usage to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum. the genera with the suffix are not a monophyletic group and the suffix is chosen over -bacter, often simply out of stylistic preferences to match with greek words. the first genus to be given the suffix -monas was pseudomonas, a genus of gammaproteobacteria. the generic epithet pseudomonas was coined by walter migula in 1894, who did not give an etymology. since the 7th edition of bergey's manual (=top authority in bacterial nomenclature), other authors have given the etymology to be: greek pseudēs (ψευδής, false) and monas (μονάς, single unit or monad), which can mean "false unit". however, "false unit" conceptually does not make much sense, namely, it does not mean "an organism which may falsely appear as a single unit but it is not" as it is not found in multicellular chains nor was it ever described as such. one speculation is that the name was chosen simply out of aesthetics, while the most plausible theory states that migula intended it as false monas, a nanoflagellate protist (chrysophyceae: ochromonadales: ochromonadaceae: chrysomonadida: ochromonadidae). subsequently, the term "monas" was used in the early history of microbiology to denote single-celled organisms. grammar main article: bacterial taxonomy in english to make a vernacular name for members of a genus, i.e. trivialising the scientific name, the scientific name is taken and written with sentence case and in roman type (i.e. "standard") as opposed to uppercase italic, the plurals are generally constructed by adding an "s", regardless of greco-roman grammar. in the case of genera ending in monas the ending is changed to monad with plural -monads. example: a member of the genus pseudomonas is a pseudomonad, while two are pseudomonads. the use of the stem for non-nominative cases is seen more often in botany, where trivialisation is more common, e.g. a bromeliad is a member of the genus bromelia. archaeal genera genus phylum class order family natronomonas euryarchaeota halobacteria halobacteriales halobacteriaceae thermogymnomonas euryarchaeota thermoplasmata thermoplasmatales bacterial genera genus phylum class order family acidomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodospirillales acetobacteraceae aeromonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria aeromonadales aeromonadaceae agromonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales nitrobacteraceae aidingimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales halomonadaceae albimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae alkalimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria allomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria vibrionales vibrionaceae alteromonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales alteromonadaceae aminomonas synergistota synergistia synergistales synergistaceae aquimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae aquisalimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria chromatiales ectothiorhodospiraceae arenimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae arhodomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria chromatiales ectothiorhodospiraceae aspromonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae aurantimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales aurantimonadaceae azohydromonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales alcaligenaceae azomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria pseudomonadales pseudomonadaceae balneimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales nitrobacteraceae blastomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria sphingomonadales sphingomonadaceae brachymonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae brevundimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria caulobacterales caulobacteraceae butyricimonas bacteroidota bacteroidia bacteroidales porphyromonadaceae caenimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae caldimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae camelimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales beijerinckiaceae carnimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales halomonadaceae celerinatantimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales celerinatantimonadaceae cellulomonas actinomycetota actinomycetia actinomycetales cellulomonadaceae chitinimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales burkholderiaceae chryseomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria pseudomonadales pseudomonadaceae citreimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae cocleimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria collimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales oxalobacteraceae comamonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae conglomeromonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodospirillales rhodospirillaceae dechloromonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria rhodocyclales rhodocyclaceae dehalogenimonas chloroflexota dehalococcoidetes desulfomonas thermodesulfobacteriota desulfovibrionia desulfovibrionales desulfovibrionaceae desulfosalsimonas thermodesulfobacteriota desulfovibrionia desulfobacterales desulfobacteraceae desulfuromonas thermodesulfobacteriota desulfuromonadia desulfuromonadales desulfuromonadaceae dysgonomonas bacteroidota bacteroidia bacteroidales porphyromonadaceae endozoicomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales hahellaceae epilithonimonas bacteroidota flavobacteria flavobacteriales flavobacteriaceae erythromonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria sphingomonadales sphingomonadaceae ferrimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales ferrimonadaceae filimonas bacteroidota sphingobacteria sphingobacteriales chitinophagaceae flagellimonas bacteroidota flavobacteria flavobacteriales flavobacteriaceae flavimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria pseudomonadales pseudomonadaceae fulvimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae gallaecimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria gemmatimonas gemmatimonadota gemmatimonadetes gemmatimonadales gemmatimonadaceae gracilimonas bacteroidota sphingobacteria sphingobacteriales chitinophagaceae halomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales halomonadaceae herminiimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales oxalobacteraceae hydrogenimonas campylobacterota campylobacteria campylobacterales hydrogenimonaceae hyphomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria caulobacterales hyphomonadaceae kistimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales hahellaceae kordiimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria kordiimonadales kordiimonadaceae lebetimonas campylobacterota nautiliia nautiliales nautiliaceae luteimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae lutimonas bacteroidota flavobacteria flavobacteriales flavobacteriaceae macromonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae malonomonas thermodesulfobacteriota desulfuromonadia desulfuromonadales desulfuromonadaceae marinomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales oceanospirillaceae maritimimonas bacteroidota flavobacteria flavobacteriales flavobacteriaceae marixanthomonas bacteroidota flavobacteria flavobacteriales flavobacteriaceae megamonas bacillota negativicutes selenomonadales veillonellaceae methylohalomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria methylomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria methylococcales methylococcaceae miniimonas actinomycetota actinomycetia actinomycetales beutenbergiaceae neptunomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria oceanospirillales oceanospirillaceae nitrosomonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria nitrosomonadales nitrosomonadaceae oceanimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria aeromonadales aeromonadaceae paraferrimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales ferrimonadaceae parapusillimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales alcaligenaceae parvimonas bacillota clostridia clostridiales paucimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales burkholderiaceae pelomonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae petrimonas bacteroidota bacteroidia bacteroidales porphyromonadaceae pleomorphomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales methylocystaceae plesiomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria enterobacteriales enterobacteriaceae polaromonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales comamonadaceae porphyromonas bacteroidota bacteroidia bacteroidales porphyromonadaceae propionicimonas actinomycetota actinomycetia actinomycetales propionibacteriaceae protomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales methylobacteriaceae pseudoalteromonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales pseudoalteromonadaceae pseudofulvimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae pseudomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria pseudomonadales pseudomonadaceae pseudoxanthomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae psychromonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales psychromonadaceae pusillimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales alcaligenaceae rhizomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria sphingomonadales sphingomonadaceae rhodopseudomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales nitrobacteraceae roseomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodospirillales acetobacteraceae rubrimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae rugamonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria pseudomonadales pseudomonadaceae salinarimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria hyphomicrobiales nitrobacteraceae salinimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales alteromonadaceae sediminimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae selenomonas bacillota negativicutes selenomonadales veillonellaceae silanimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae silvimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria neisseriales neisseriaceae singularimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales sinobacteraceae sinomonas actinomycetota actinomycetia actinomycetales micrococcaceae solimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria sphingomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria sphingomonadales sphingomonadaceae stenotrophomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae succinatimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria aeromonadales succinivibrionaceae succinimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria aeromonadales succinivibrionaceae sulfurimonas campylobacterota campylobacteria campylobacterales helicobacteraceae syntrophomonas bacillota clostridia clostridiales syntrophomonadaceae tepidimonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales terrimonas bacteroidota sphingobacteria sphingobacteriales chitinophagaceae thalassomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria alteromonadales colwelliaceae thermanaeromonas bacillota clostridia thermoanaerobacterales thermoanaerobacteraceae thermomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae thiohalomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria thiomonas pseudomonadota betaproteobacteria burkholderiales tolumonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria aeromonadales aeromonadaceae tranquillimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae tropicimonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria rhodobacterales rhodobacteraceae wohlfahrtiimonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae xanthomonas pseudomonadota gammaproteobacteria xanthomonadales xanthomonadaceae xylanimonas actinomycetota actinomycetia actinomycetales promicromonosporaceae zymomonas pseudomonadota alphaproteobacteria sphingomonadales sphingomonadaceae