2022–2023 mpox outbreak in spain 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in spain the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in spain is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the west african clade of the monkeypox virus. spain was the second country outside the african countries with endemic mpox, to experience an outbreak in 2022. the outbreak was first reported in spain on 18 may 2022. 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in spain diseasempoxvirus strainmonkeypox virus (west african clade)locationspainindex casemadridarrival date18 may 2022 (11 months, 3 weeks and 4 days ago)dateas of 19 july 2022confirmed cases5,719 (ministry of health)5,805 (regional governments)suspected cases‡0 (regional governments)hospitalized cases155 (ministry of health)deaths2 (ministry of health)government websitemonkeypox alert in spain and other european countries(in spanish)‡suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out. background these paragraphs are an excerpt from mpox and 2022–2023 mpox outbreak. mpox (pronounced /ˈɛmpɒks/ em-poks, formerly known as monkeypox) is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals. symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. the time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks. there may be mild symptoms, and it may occur without any symptoms being apparent. cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems. the disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus orthopoxvirus. the variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is also in this genus. it may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches. human-to-human transmission can occur through exposure to infected body fluids or contaminated objects, by small droplets, and possibly through the airborne route. people can spread the virus from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and fallen off; with some evidence of spread for more than a week after lesions have crusted. diagnosis can be confirmed by testing a lesion for the virus's dna. there is no known cure. a study in 1988 found that the smallpox vaccine was around 85% protective in preventing infection in close contacts and in lessening the severity of the disease. a newer smallpox and mpox vaccine based on modified vaccinia ankara has been approved, but with limited availability. other measures include regular hand washing and avoiding sick people and animals. antiviral drugs, cidofovir and tecovirimat, vaccinia immune globulin and the smallpox vaccine may be used during outbreaks. the illness is usually mild and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment. estimates of the risk of death vary from 1% to 10%, although few deaths as a consequence of mpox have been recorded since 2017. an ongoing outbreak of mpox was confirmed on 6 may 2022, beginning with a british resident who, after travelling to nigeria (where the disease is endemic), presented symptoms consistent with mpox on 29 april 2022. the resident returned to the united kingdom on 4 may, creating the country's index case of the outbreak. the origin of several of the cases of mpox in the united kingdom is unknown. some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the london area as of mid-may, but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in europe in the previous months. transmission stages of lesion development. a large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of africa where mpox is normally found, such as nigeria, the democratic republic of the congo as well as central and western africa. it is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. the cdc has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in africa. in addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. cdc has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes. history on 18 may 2022, the community of madrid regional government reported the first eight suspected cases of mpox, and seven of them were confirmed by the ministry of health on 20 may. on 20 may, the health authorities of madrid closed the gay sauna paraíso, which was under investigation as a possible high transmission point in madrid. the sauna reopened again on 9 june after receiving an authorization from the regional health department. outbreak characteristics according to the community of madrid regional government on 6 june 2022, all cases in the region were men, except one woman who is cohabitant with one of the infected men. the most likely contagion event for most was sexual relations with strangers, usually at parties in private residences, a sauna, or the gay pride event at maspalomas, canary islands. 48% of cases were also hiv-positive. on 10 june, the ministry of health disclosed that out of a sample of 78 cases, 21 had a previous smallpox vaccine dose. on 26 august, the ministry of health published additional data about 6,459 cases. 6,334 of them were men, and 125 were women. age ranged between 7 months and 88 years, with a median age of 37 years. out of 5,198 cases with recorded data, 5,022 were men who have sex with men. out of 3,700 cases with recorded data, 92,6% had prolonged intimate contact during sexual relation as the most likely transmission mechanism. lgbt stigmatization several experts have raised concerns about stigmatization of lgbt people in connection to the mpox outbreak. in june 2022, the public prosecutor of valencia opened an investigation of a publication about the mpox outbreak by the far-right political party españa 2000, which could constitute hate speech against the lgbt community. cases per region mpox cases in spain per autonomous community community confirmed suspected as of ref. andalusia 685 96 12 august 2022 aragon 53 — 12 august 2022 asturias 53 — 12 august 2022 balearic islands 134 — 12 august 2022 canary islands 136 — 12 august 2022 cantabria 27 — 12 august 2022 castilla–la mancha 42 — 12 august 2022 castile and león 54 — 12 august 2022 catalonia 1,782 — 12 august 2022 ceuta — — 12 august 2022 valencian community 353 — 12 august 2022 extremadura 22 — 12 august 2022 galicia 83 — 12 august 2022 community of madrid 2,169 — 12 august 2022 melilla — — 12 august 2022 murcia 33 — 12 august 2022 navarre 13 — 12 august 2022 basque country 162 — 12 august 2022 la rioja 4 — 12 august 2022 total 5,805 96