which ultimately increases productivity. antiviral properties aptamers are used as biosensors to detect diseases and act as therapeutics, such as in fisheries. rodovulum sulfidophilum can produce rna antiviral aptamers against fish infecting viruses, such as hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and hirame rhabdovirus. these aptamers have been shown to reduce japanese flounder mortality from 90% to 10% in 10 days post-infection. rhodovulum sulfidophilum's aptamers have the potential to improve biosecurity in aquaculture and fisheries. additionally, this can be applied to recombinant rna production technology using r. sulfidophilum. probiotics purple non-sulphur bacteria, such as r. sulfidophilum, have been used in aquaculture as probiotics, which are microorganisms that have health benefits. kuruma shrimp (marsupenaeus japonicus) is an important species in the global aquaculture industry, most notably being cultured in japan and china. probiotics have been used as an eco-friendly, low-cost approach to boost shrimp survival by upregulating immune system genes, such as antimicrobial peptides, and moulting-related genes, including cuticle and calcification proteins. rhodovulum sulfidophilum can be effective as a probiotic at a low concentration (10^3 cfu/ml) in rearing waters. after the addition of r. sulfidophilum various features of shrimp growth are improved: body weight (by 1.76-fold), survival rate (by 8.3%), and the feed conversion ratio (by 10%). additionally, r. sulfidophilum has been show to enhance the larval survival of marble goby (oxyeleotris marmorat) and the performance of milkfish (chanos chanos). use of the beneficial bacteria, r. sulfidophilum, confers ammonia reduction and total phosphorus stabilization. this can help reduce the proliferation of cyanobacteria and algae blooms and eutrophication and promote the growth of other helpful bacteria, such as acidobacteria. ultimately, r. sulfidophilum is used a probiotic to increase aquaculture efficiency and improve management.