list of local anesthetics list of local anesthetics this is a list of local anesthetic agents. not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. some are primarily of historical interest. drug other common names image first synthesis dates of clinical use chemical/structural class duration of effect amylocaine stovaine 1904 (ernest fourneau) ester- benzoic ambucaine diester - aminosalicylic articaine astracaine, septanest, septocaine, ultracaine, zorcaine amide benzocaine anbesol, orajel ester - aminobenzoic short benzonatate tessalon bupivacaine marcaine, sensorcaine, vivacaine 1957 (ekenstam) 1963 (widman and telivuo) amide moderate butacaine ester- aminobenzoic butanilicaine amide chloroprocaine nesacaine ester - aminobenzoic cinchocaine (inn) dibucaine (usan), cincain, cinchocaine, nupercainal, nupercaine, sovcaine 1925 (meischer) 1930 (uhlmann) ester - aminobenzoic cocaine 1855 (first isolation by friedrich gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by richard willstätter) 1884 (karl koller, william stewart halsted) ester - benzoic cyclomethycaine ester - hydroxybenzoic dibucaine amide diperodon dimethocaine larocaine eucaine α-eucaine, β-eucaine α-eucaineβ-eucaine 1900. α β etidocaine duranest 1971 (takman) 1972 (lund) hexylcaine cyclaine, osmocaine fomocaine ester - phenyl fotocaine hydroxyprocaine ester - aminosalicylic isobucaine ester - benzoic levobupivacaine chirocaine 1990s (mather and tucker) 1995 lidocaine (lignocaine) xylocaine 1943 (nils löfgren and bengt lundqvist) 1947 (torsten gordh) mepivacaine carbocaine, polocaine 1956 (ekenstam and egner) 1957 (dhuner) meprylcaine epirocain metabutoxycaine nitracaine ester- aminobenzoic orthocaine oxetacaine (oxethazaine) oxybuprocaine benoxinate, novesine paraethoxycaine phenacaine holocaine piperocaine metycaine piridocaine pramocaine pramoxine prilocaine citanest 1959 (nils löfgren and egner) 1960 (wielding) primacaine procaine novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine 1904 (alfred einhorn) 1905 (heinrich braun) procainamide proparacaine proxymetacaine propoxycaine pyrrocaine quinisocaine (inn) dimethisoquin (usan) ropivacaine naropin 1957 (ekenstam) 1997 trimecaine mesdicain, mesocain, mesokain tetracaine amethocaine, dicaine, pontocaine 1928 (o. eisleb) 1931 tolycaine tropacocaine