new south walesdeath of one horse. a horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. hev infection was confirmed on 17 august 2011.1 15 august 2011ballina, new south walesdeath of one horse.1 17 august 2011south ballina, new south walesdeath of two horses. the horses were found dead in a field. both tested positive to hev. the exact date of death is not known, but hev infection was confirmed on 17 august 2011.2 23 august 2011currumbin valley, gold coast, queenslanddeath of one horse.1 28 august 2011north of ballina, new south walesdeath of one horse.1 11 october 2011beachmere, caboolture queenslandone horse euthanised after testing positive. a horse that died on the property one week before may have died of hev. on 15 october 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive hev antibody test. 3 january 2012townsville, queenslanda horse that died or was euthanised on 3 january 2012 returned a positive hev test on 5 january 2012.1 26 may 2012rockhampton, queenslandone horse died.1 28 may 2012ingham, queenslandone horse died. a dog returned a positive test but was subsequently cleared.1 19 july 2012rockhampton, queenslandone horse died. on 27 july it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.1 27 june 2012mackay, queenslandone horse was euthanised after returning a positive hev test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties. 27 july 2012cairns, queenslandone horse died.1 5 september 2012port douglas, queenslandone horse died. the property with 13 other horses is quarantined.1 1 november 2012ingham, queenslandone symptomatic horse euthanised. a test for hev the following day proved positive. the property, with seven other horses, quarantined. 20 january 2013mackay, queenslandone horse died.1 19 february 2013atherton tablelands, north queenslandone horse died. four horses and four people from the property were assessed.1 3 june 2013macksville, new south walesdeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.1 1 july 2013tarampa, queenslandone horse died. hev virus confirmed.1 4 july 2013macksville, new south walessix year old gelding died. several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. a dog from the property tested positive for hev and was euthanised around 19 july 20131 5 july 2013gold coast, queenslandone horse died. no other horses on property.1 6 july 2013kempsey, new south waleseighteen-year-old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.1 9 july 2013kempsey, new south walesthirteen-year-old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.1 18 march 2014bundaberg, queenslandunvaccinated horse euthanised. 1 june 2014beenleigh, queenslandhorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property. 20 jun 2014murwillumbah, new south walesa 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 june.1 20 july 2014calliope, queenslandhorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak. 20 jun 2015murwillumbah, new south waleshorse found dead after several days of illness. hev confirmed as the cause of death.1 about 20 july 2015atherton tableland, queenslandinfected horse died and property quarantined.1 about 4 september 2015lismore, new south walesinfected horse euthanised and property quarantined. about 15 december 2016casino, new south waleshorse died around 15 december 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 about 24 may 2017gold coast, queenslandan unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. about 8 july 2017lismore, new south waleshendra virus confirmed near lismore about 1 august 2017murwillumbah, new south waleshendra virus confirmed near murwillumbah about 5 august 2017lismore, new south walesthird hendra case confirmed near lismore 7 june 2019scone, new south walesan unvaccinated mare contracted hendra and had to be euthanised 3 june 2020murwillumbah, new south walesan unvaccinated horse contracted hendra and had to be euthanised events of june–august 2011 in the years 1994–2010, fourteen events were recorded. between 20 june 2011 and 28 august 2011, a further seventeen events were identified, during which twenty-one horses died. it is not clear why there was a sudden increase in the number of spillover events between june and august 2011. typically hev spillover events are more common between may and october. this time is sometimes called "hendra season", which is a time when there are large numbers of fruit bats of all species congregated in se queensland's valuable winter foraging habitat. the weather (warm and humid) is favourable to the survival of henipavirus in the environment. it is possible flooding in se queensland and northern nsw in december 2010 and january 2011 may have affected the health of the fruit bats. urine sampling in flying fox camps indicate that a larger proportion of flying foxes than usual are shedding live virus. biosecurity queensland's ongoing surveillance usually shows 7% of the animals are shedding live virus. in june and july nearly 30% animals have been reported to be shedding live virus. present advice is that these events are not being driven by any mutation in hev itself. other suggestions include that an increase in testing has led to an increase in detection. as the actual mode of transmission between bats and horses has not been determined, it is not clear what, if any, factors can increase the chance of infection in horses. following the confirmation of a dog with hev antibodies, on 27 july 2011, the queensland and nsw governments will boost research funding into the hendra virus by $6 million to be spent by 2014–2015. this money will be used for research into ecological drivers of infection in the bats and the mechanism of virus transmission between bats and other species. a further 6 million dollars was allocated by the federal government with the funds being split, half for human health investigations and half for animal health and biodiversity research.