master of medicine master of medicine master of medicine (mmed) is a postgraduate professional clinical degree awarded by medical schools to physicians following a period of instruction, supervised clinical rotations, and examination. the degree usually takes three years to complete, but may take up to four years in some countries. it is awarded by both surgical and medical subspecialties and usually includes a dissertation component. the degree may complement an existing fellowship in the chosen specialty or be the sole qualification necessary for registration as a specialist. the advantages of an mmed over membership certificated qualifications are that, whilst both groups are clinically competent at their levels, an mmed specialist can enroll into a four-year phd plus fellowship and complete as consultants with a phd, or do a two-year fellowship without a phd. however, members of various professional colleges only advance to fellowship graduating as non-phd consultants which reduces their academic ranking, as most universities insist on a phd for their teaching staff. another advantage of an mmed is that it takes less years to sub-specialise compared to professional membership which often hold practitioners as 'general specialists' even at fellowship level. it is envisaged that, most professional colleges will soon adopt the mmed and fellowship/phd certification system. as of may 2009, the following universities in the following countries award mmed degrees leading to specialists practice in the following subjects: australia university of queensland mmed in general practice mmed in primary care skin cancer medicine university of sydney mmed in ophthalmology mmed in sleep medicine mmed in critical care medicine monash university mmed in perioperative medicine p.r. china chinese universities in collaboration with their affiliated hospitals award two categories of master's degrees of medicine: specialty mmed or academic mmed degrees. specialty mmed degrees are awarded after a supervised rotational training in the university's affiliated teaching hospitals and lead to registration as specialist. academic mmed degrees on the other hand are research and basic sciences oriented, focusing more on medical laboratory research . both qualifications are acceptable prerequisites for phd enrolment. the entry requirements of both specialty and academic mmed programs are mbbs or related undergraduate medical qualifications. graduates of specialty mmed qualifications can either choose to practise as specialist physicians and surgeons in their respective specialties or undergo subspecialty phd/fellowship training leading to an advanced specialisation practice as consultants. the most important condition for gaining admission into mmed program is the availability of supervising professors or consultants who are willing to mentor the student. guyana texila american university the following mmed courses are available at texila american university: mmed in pediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in pathology mmed in surgery mmed in anesthesia mmed in ear nose and throat surgery mmed in diagnostic radiology mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in immunology mmed in internal medicine mmed in neurology mmed in dermatology mmed in emergency medicine mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopaedics mmed in forensic medicine mmed in human anatomy & histo-embryology kenya university of nairobi various mmed courses are available at university of nairobi and moi university. malaysia universiti of malaya mmed in clinical pathology mmed in medical physics mmed in internal medicine mmed in emergency medicine mmed in clinical oncology mmed in anaesthesiology mmed in medical science mmed in nursing science mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in paediatrics mmed in paediatrics surgery mmed in otorhinolaryngology medical based programs mmed in anaesthesiology mmed in emergency medicine mmed in family medicine mmed in internal medicine mmed in paediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in radiology surgical based programs mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopaedics mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in surgery mmed in neurosurgery mmed in plastic surgery singapore the master of medicine (mmed) is conferred by the national university of singapore (nus) division of graduate medical studies. mmed in internal medicine mmed in surgery (may be taken jointly with the mrcs examinations) mmed in pediatrics mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in occupational medicine mmed in public health mmed in psychiatry mmed in family medicine mmed in diagnostic radiology mmed in orthopaedic surgery mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in emergency medicine south africa university of cape town the following mmed courses are available at the university of cape town mmed in occupational medicine mmed in public health mmed in anesthesia mmed in anatomical pathology mmed in haematology mmed in internal medicine mmed in microbiology and immunology mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopedics mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in pediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in radiology mmed in radiation oncology mmed in surgery university of pretoria the following mmed courses are available at the university of pretoria mmed in anaesthesiology mmed in dermatology mmed in emergency medicine mmed in family medicine mmed in geriatrics mmed in internal medicine mmed in medical oncology mmed in neurology mmed in neurosurgery mmed in nuclear medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynaecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopaedics mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in paediatrics mmed in anatomical pathology mmed in chemical pathology mmed in clinical pathology mmed in forensic pathology mmed in haematology mmed in medical microbiology mmed in medical virology mmed in plastic surgery mmed in psychiatry mmed in public health mmed in radiation oncology mmed in diagnostic radiology mmed in surgery mmed in paediatric surgery mmed in thoracic surgery mmed in urology mmilmed - master of military medicine tanzania muhimbili university the following mmed courses are available at muhimbili university: mmed in anesthesiology mmed in anatomical pathology mmed in clinical oncology mmed in emergency medicine mmed in haematology mmed in internal medicine mmed in microbiology and immunology mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopedics and trauma mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in pediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in radiology mmed in surgery mmed in urology university of dodoma the following mmed courses are available at university of dodoma: mmed in internal medicine mmed in microbiology and immunology mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in pediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in surgery kilimanjaro christian medical university college the following mmed courses are available at kilimanjaro christian medical university college: mmed in anesthesiology mmed in dermato-venereology mmed in internal medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in orthopedics and trauma mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in pediatrics mmed in diagnostic radiology mmed in surgery mmed in urology catholic university of health and allied sciences the following mmed courses are available at catholic university of health and allied sciences: mmed in anatomical pathology mmed in internal medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in orthopedics and trauma mmed in pediatrics mmed in surgery uganda gulu university the following mmed courses are available at gulu university school of medicine: mmed in surgery mmed in psychiatry makerere university the following mmed courses are available at makerere university school of medicine: mmed in anesthesiology and critical care mmed in family medicine mmed in internal medicine mmed in medical oncology mmed in neurosurgery mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in ophthalmology mmed in otolaryngology mmed in pediatrics mmed in psychiatry mmed in surgery mmed in surgical oncology mmed in urology mbarara university the following mmed courses are available at mbarara university school of medicine: mmed in internal medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in pediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in plastic & reconstructive surgery uganda martyrs university the following mmed courses are available at uganda martyrs university school of medicine: mmed in internal medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in pediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in emergency medicine kampala international university the following mmed courses are available at kampala international university mmed in internal medicine mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in pediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in psychiatry zambia university of zambia the following mmed courses are available at university of zambia: mmed in pediatrics mmed in clinical pathology mmed in psychiatry mmed in internal medicine mmed in infectious diseases mmed in general surgery mmed in urology mmed in orthopaedics and trauma mmed in obstetrics and gynecology mmed in family medicine mmed in ophthalmology mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in anaesthesiology mmed in neurology zimbabwe university of zimbabwe the following mmed courses are available at university of zimbabwe: mmed in medicine mmed in anaesthetics mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in paediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in neurosurgery mmed in urology mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in medicine mmed in psychiatry mmed in ophthalmology mmed in histopathology mmed in radiotherapy and oncology democratic republic of the congo university of lubumbashi the following mmed courses are available at university of zimbabwe: mmed in medicine mmed in anaesthetics mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in paediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in medicine mmed in psychiatry mmed in ophthalmology mmed in histopathology university of kinshasa mmed in medicine mmed in anaesthetics mmed in obstetrics & gynaecology mmed in paediatrics mmed in surgery mmed in neurosurgery mmed in urology mmed in otorhinolaryngology mmed in medicine mmed in psychiatry mmed in ophthalmology mmed in histopathology