vaccine diplomacy vaccine diplomacy vaccine diplomacy, a form of medical diplomacy, is the use of vaccines to improve a country's diplomatic relationship and influence of other countries. meanwhile, vaccine diplomacy also "means a set of diplomatic measures taken to ensure access to the best practices in the development of potential vaccines, to enhance bilateral and/or multilateral cooperation between countries in conducting joint r&d, and, in the case of the announcement of production, to ensure the signing of a contract for the purchase of the vaccine at the shortest term." although primary discussed in the context of the supply of covid-19 vaccines, it also played a part in the distribution of the smallpox vaccine.