about 13,000 people died from air pollution in uganda in 2017 and 10,000 of the deaths were due to inhaling toxic fumes from indoor wood and charcoal burning cookstoves household air pollution figures from the health effects institute (hei), institute for health metrics and evaluation (ihme) and world health organization (who) reveal . in 2019, it was the year when kampala was reported to have the highest air pollution where the months that stood out as the most polluted were february, july and august, all of which came in with pm2.5 readings of 36.9 μg/m³, 39.9 μg/m³ and 37.4 μg/m³ respectively with black carbon and volatile organic compounds (voc's) being the most pollutant. in 2019, dr daniel okello, the kcca director of public health and environment also reported about 31,600 people die in uganda from air pollution-related diseases annually like heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and most fatalities are in dusty communities, industrial and commercial areas, that have too many cars gushing fumes and dust. another research conducted by makerere university stated that an increase in the number of old vehicles on roads has led to the deterioration of the air quality far beyond the world health organization’s recommended levels. air pollution is fundamentally altering climate, with profound impacts on the health of not only of uganda but the planet at large and it is driven by rapid urbanization and population growth in urban areas. water access and pollution in uganda, an estimate of about 7 million of ugandans lack access to safe water and about 28 millions of the population do not have sufficient access to sanitation facilities. in 2022, it was reported by the joint monitoring programme (jmp), the united nations and world health organization’s (who) that 9 percent of the ugandan population depends on unimproved or surface water for their daily needs. in kampala, the major cause of water pollution is the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the springs and presence of nitrates as found out by researchers. this is said to be caused by poor waste management and badly designed pit latrines. children between the ages of 12 to 14 that have come into contact with nitrates-containing water are reported to have delayed response to light and sound stimuli. diarrhoea alone, one of the effects clean water inaccessibility and one of three major childhood killers in uganda, kills 33 children every day unicef reports. there is as well a lot of plastic waste in lake victoria. polyethene and plastic bottles, often used in bags, wrappers and films, contributes 60% of analyzed microplastic particles, thus making it the biggest of the plastic pollutants of lake victoria.