cusp (anatomy) cusp (anatomy) a cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature. in animals, it is usually used to refer to raised points on the crowns of teeth. cuspthe teeth of the right side of the mouth, shown contacting the teeth in the opposing jaw with their cusp tipsdetailsidentifierslatincuspis dentista98a05.1.03.010ta2925fma56481anatomical terminology 1. tooth 2. enamel 3. dentin 4. dental pulp 5. cameral pulp 6. root pulp 7. cementum 8. crown 9. cusp 10. sulcus 11. neck 12. root 13. furcation 14. root apex 15. apical foramen 16. gingival sulcus 17. periodontium 18. gingiva 19. free or interdental 20. marginal 21. alveolar 22. periodontal ligament 23. alveolar bone 24. vessels and nerves 25. dental 26. periodontal 27. alveolar through channel the concept is also used with regard to the leaflets of the four heart valves. the mitral valve, which has two cusps, is also known as the bicuspid valve, and the tricuspid valve has three cusps. in humans a cusp is an occlusal or incisal eminence on a tooth. canine teeth, otherwise known as cuspids, each possess a single cusp, while premolars, otherwise known as bicuspids, possess two each. molars normally possess either four or five cusps. in certain populations the maxillary molars, especially first molars, will possess a fifth cusp situated on the mesiolingual cusp known as the cusp of carabelli. buccal cusp- one other variation of the upper first premolar is the 'uto-aztecan' upper premolar. it is a bulge on the buccal cusp that is only found in native american indians, with highest frequencies of occurrence in arizona. the name is not a dental term; it comes from a regional linguistic division of native american indian language groups. buccal-the side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek, as opposed to lingual or palatal, which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively. although technically referring only to posterior teeth (where the cheeks are present instead of lips, use of this term may extend to all teeth, anterior and posterior), this term may be employed to describe the facial surface of (or directions in relation to) anterior teeth as well. cusps on the molars of therian mammals right upper molar showing the four main upper molars cusps there are four main cusps found on the molars of the upper dentition of therian mammals. hypocone the hypocone is found on the distal lingual side of the tooth. it fits into the grooves of the lower dentition and is an adaptation for the overall grinding and tearing of foods using the occlusal (chewing side) of the tooth surface during occlusion or mastication (chewing). its strength is due to the thickness of the enamel which differs among species of hominids. the hypocone appears to have evolved independently more than twenty times in different mammal groups during the cenozoic period. metacone the metacone is a cusp on the molars of the upper dentition in hominids. it is found at the buccal distal area of the tooth. the crests between the cusps are adaptations for slicing food during occlusion or mastication (chewing). paracone the anterior of the three cusps of a primitive upper molar that in higher forms is the principal anterior and outside cusp. protocone the protocone is founding the molars of the upper dentition in placental and marsupial vertebrates. it is found at the mesiolingual area of the tooth. the crests between the cusps are adaptations for slicing food during occlusion or mastication (chewing).