india reported a total of 58,264 cases of chikungunya. chicken pox is a highly contagious and a viral infection which breaks out in many parts of india. cases were reported to be 61,118 & deaths to be 60 in 2016. in 2012, india was polio-free for the first time in its history. this was achieved because of the pulse polio programme started in 1995–96 by the government.ncd incidence rates from 1990 to 2019 in india according to ihme (institute of health metrics and evaluation) non-communicable diseases india has witnessed huge progress in the health status of its population since independence. the transition has been seen in economic development, nutritional status, fertility and mortality rates and consequently, the disease profile has changed considerably. although great efforts have been done to control the communicable diseases, but they still contribute significantly to disease burden of the country. decline in disability and death from communicable diseases has been accompanied by a gradual shift to, and accelerated rise in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, mental health disorders and injuries. indians are at particularly high risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. this may be attributed to a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome and adverse changes in coronary artery vasodilation.ncd mortality numbers from 1990 to 2019 in india the burden of the non-communicable diseases (ncd) in india with a population of the over 1.3 billion is huge. ncds in india contributed to 6.8 million deaths in 2019, which is about 67.6% percent of overall deaths. in the same year ischemic heart disease accounted for highest mortality followed by copd, stroke and diabetes among all ncd related deaths. starting in early 1990s, there have been wide disparities in terms of ncd burden on indian diaspora. while life expectancy has increased it is the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death (daly) rate that is almost doubled. it was 29.17% in 1990 and reached 57.92% in 2019 according to ihme. also ncds are accounting for more than 90% of total prevalent cases in india at any given point of time. between ages 15–49 ncds mortality share was 35.56% in 1990 while the share is increased to 48.95% in 2019 a 2021 report on ncd status in india through arbitrage research institute (tari) a private not for profit market research firm has developed a report for assocham regarding ncd status in india. this study highlighted the burden of ncds among indians and has highlighted that the prevalence of having any ncds among the indian population is 116 per 1000 population key findings high blood pressure, intestinal disorders related to digestion, diabetes, respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, and cancers are top ncds among indians major risk factors for ncds include air pollution (76%), low physical activity (67%), imbalanced diet (55%), stress (44%) and obesity (24%) among states odisha has the highest prevalence of ncds, with every 272 per 1,000 population with any ncd and gujarat has the lowest prevalence — 60 per 1,000. more than two-thirds of people with non-communicable disease (ncds) in india are in the 26-59 age group prevalence of ncd has shown to be increasing after 18 years and makes a quantum leap when an individual crosses the age of 35 diabetes and hypertension showed higher prevalence in those who are 50 years and above while brain/neurological disorders showed higher prevalence in the age group 35 years and below in 2018 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the leading cause of death after heart disease. the 10 most polluted cities in the world are all in northern india with more than 140 million people breathing air 10 times or more over the who safe limit. in 2017, pollution levels forced schools to close for several days and air pollution killed 1.24 million indians. a statewide steps survey done in madhya pradesh estimated 22.3 percent had hypertension and 6.8 percent had diabetes. high infant mortality rate despite health improvements over the last thirty years, lives continue to be lost to early childhood diseases, inadequate newborn care and childbirth-related causes. more than two million children die every year from preventable infections. approximately 1.72 million children die each year before turning one. the under five mortality and infant mortality rates have been declining, from 202 and 190 deaths per thousand live births respectively in 1970 to 64 and 50 deaths per thousand live births respectively in 2009 and to 41.1 (in 2018) and 34.6 (in 2016) deaths per thousand live births respectively. however, this decline is slowing. reduced funding for immunization leaves only 43.5% of the young fully immunized. a study conducted by the future health systems consortium in murshidabad, west bengal indicates that barriers to immunization coverage are adverse geographic location, absent or inadequately trained health workers and low perceived need for immunization. infrastructure like hospitals, roads, water and sanitation are lacking in rural areas. shortages of healthcare providers, poor intrapartum and newborn care, diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections also contribute to the high infant mortality rate. sanitation