university of california, san francisco university of california, san francisco the university of california, san francisco (ucsf) is a public land-grant research university in san francisco, california. it is part of the university of california system and is dedicated entirely to health science and life science. it conducts research and teaching in medical and biological sciences. university of california, san franciscoformer nametoland medical college (1864)the medical department of the university of california (1873)mottofiat lux (latin)motto in englishlet there be lighttypepublic land-grant medical schoolestablished1864 (1864)founderhugh tolandparent institutionuniversity of californiaaccreditationwscucendowment$5.5 billion (2022)budget$8.0 billion (2020)chancellorsam hawgoodvice-chancellordaniel lowensteinacademic staff3,000postgraduates3,132 (fall 2019)locationsan francisco, california, united states37°45′46″n 122°27′29″wcampusurban, 195 acres (79 ha)newspapersynapsecolors ucsf teal navy bluemascotbears (unofficial)websitewww.ucsf.edu ucsf was founded as toland medical college in 1864. in 1873, it became affiliated with the university of california as its medical department. in the same year, it incorporated the california college of pharmacy and in 1881 it established a dentistry school. its facilities were located in both berkeley and san francisco. in 1964, the school gained full administrative independence as a campus of the uc system, headed by its own chancellor, and in 1970 it gained its current name. historically based at parnassus heights with satellite facilities throughout the city, ucsf developed a second major campus in the newly redeveloped mission bay district in the early 2000s. u.s. news & world report's 2022–23 rankings recognize the ucsf school of medicine as the third best medical school for research in the nation (tied with medical schools of columbia university and johns hopkins university) and as the second best medical school for primary care. it is the only medical school to rank in the top three in both categories. in 2022, ucsf attracted the 2nd highest research funding from the national institutes of health. the ucsf medical center is ranked 12th nationally and third in the state. in 2021, the university spent $1.71 billion in research and development, the second most among institutions of higher education in the u.s. with 25,398 employees, ucsf is the second-largest public agency employer in the san francisco bay area. ucsf faculty have treated patients and trained residents since 1873 at the san francisco general hospital and for over 50 years at the san francisco va medical center. history beginnings toland hall in 1887. toland hall on stockton was the first home of the school, before its transfer to the parnassus campus. the university of california, san francisco traces its history to hugh toland, a south carolina surgeon who found great success and wealth after moving to san francisco in 1852. a previous school, the cooper medical college of the university of pacific (founded 1858), entered a period of uncertainty in 1862 when its founder, elias samuel cooper, died. in 1864, toland founded a new medical school, toland medical college, and the faculty of cooper medical college chose to suspend operations and join the new school. the university of california was founded on march 23, 1868, with the enacting of its organic act. section 8 of the organic act authorized the board of regents to affiliate the university of california with independent self-sustaining professional colleges. in 1870, toland medical school began to negotiate an affiliation with the new public university. meanwhile, some faculty of toland medical school elected to reopen the medical department of the university of the pacific, which would later become stanford university school of medicine. negotiations between toland and uc were complicated by toland's demand that the medical school continue to bear his name, an issue on which he finally conceded. in march 1873, the trustees of toland medical college transferred it to the regents of the university of california, and it became the medical department of the university of california. at the same time, the university of california also negotiated the incorporation of the california college of pharmacy, the first pharmacy school in the west, established in 1872 by the california pharmaceutical society. the pharmacy college was affiliated in june 1873, and together the medical college and the pharmacy college came to be known as the "affiliated colleges". the third college, the college of dentistry, was established in 1881. expansion and growth initially, the three affiliated colleges were located at different sites around san francisco, but near the end of the 19th century interest in bringing them together grew. to make this possible, san francisco mayor adolph sutro donated 13 acres in parnassus heights at the base of mount parnassus (now known as mount sutro). the new site, overlooking golden gate park, opened in the fall of 1898, with the construction of the new affiliated colleges buildings. the school's first female student, lucy wanzer, graduated in 1876, after having to appeal to the uc board of regents to gain admission in 1873. until 1906, the faculty of the medical school had provided care at the city-county hospital (named san francisco general hospital from 1915–2016 and zuckerberg san francisco general hospital and trauma center (sfgh) since 2016), but the medical school still did not have a teaching hospital of its own. following the 1906 san francisco earthquake, more than 40,000 people were relocated to a makeshift tent city in golden gate park and were treated by the faculty of the affiliated colleges. this brought the affiliated colleges, which until then were located on the western outskirts of the city, in contact with significant population numbers. by fueling the affiliated colleges' commitment to civic responsibility and health care, the earthquake increased the momentum towards the eventual construction of their own healthcare facilities. within a month after the 1906 earthquake, the faculty of the medical school voted to make room in their building for a teaching hospital by moving the three departments responsible for the first two years of preclinical instruction—anatomy, pathology, and physiology—across san francisco bay to the berkeley campus. as a result, for over 50 years, students pursuing the m.d. degree took their first two years at berkeley and their last two years at parnassus heights. by october 1906, an outpatient clinic was operational on the first floor of the medical building, and by april 1907, the new teaching hospital started to admit inpatients. this created the need to train nursing students, of whom the first was informally admitted in june; in december 1907, the uc training school for nurses was formally established, adding a fourth professional school to the affiliated colleges. around this time, the affiliated colleges agreed to submit to the regents' governance during the term of president benjamin ide wheeler, as the board of regents had come to recognize the problems inherent in the existence of independent entities that shared the uc brand but over which uc had no real control. the last of the affiliated colleges to become an integral part of the university was the pharmacy school, in 1934. the affiliated colleges buildings in 1908, with the streetcar that used to run on parnassus post-war 20th century the schools continued to grow in numbers and reputation in the following years. one notable event was the incorporation of the hooper foundation for medical research in 1914, a medical research institute second only to the rockefeller institute. this addition bolstered the prestige of the parnassus site during the long-running dispute over whether the schools should consolidate at parnassus or in berkeley. the final decision came in 1949 when the regents of the university of california designated the parnassus campus as the uc medical center in san francisco. after the medical facilities were updated and expanded, the preclinical departments returned to san francisco in 1958, and from that point forward the m.d. degree program was again provided entirely in parnassus heights. during this period a number of research institutes were established, and many new facilities were added, such as the 225-bed uc hospital (1917), the clinics building (1934), the langley porter clinic (1942) and the herbert c. moffitt hospital (1955). in 1958, the addition of the guy s. millberry union offered dorms and services for students. with medical education again concentrated in san francisco, the uc medical center gained more independence and autonomy from the berkeley campus during the 1960s. the four departments were renamed as "school of ..." and the graduate division was founded in 1961. further along this line, in 1964 the institution obtained full administrative independence under the name university of california, san francisco medical center, becoming the ninth campus in the university of california system and the only one devoted exclusively to the health sciences. the first chancellor under the new independent configuration was john b. de c.m. saunders, previously provost, who had a strong preference for medical training over research. this stance led to his resignation and the naming of willard c. fleming, dds, as the second chancellor in 1966. fleming brought balance between clinicians and researchers and a new level of stability to the administration. by the end of the 1960s, the university was starting to become a leading research center; its research enterprise was bolstered by the opening of health sciences east and health sciences west the same year. under the guidance of the third chancellor, philip r. lee, the institution was renamed to its current form, the university of california, san francisco (ucsf), a symbol of its coequal status as a uc campus and a research university, while the medical center name was kept for its hospital facilities. lee also was crucial in guiding ucsf through the turmoil of the late 1960s and worked to increase minority recruitment and enrollment. by then, ucsf had already reached the top ranks of us schools in the health sciences through its innovative programs that blended basic science, research, and clinical instruction. this stature was further augmented by francis a. sooy, fourth chancellor, who dedicated his ten years to recruiting the top physicians and scientists in the field. late 20th century the 1970s saw a dramatic expansion of ucsf, both in its medical capacities and as a research institute. the increase in researchers, physicians and students brought a need for additional space. the nursing school opened its own building in 1972 and the medical center opened the ambulatory care center in 1973. the discovery of recombinant dna technology by ucsf and stanford scientists in the mid-1970s opened many new avenues of research and attracted more people. ucsf scientists also played a central role in the birth and development of the biotechnology industry in the san francisco bay area during this period. herbert boyer, a professor of ucsf’s biochemistry and biophysics department co-founded genentech, the first therapeutic biotech firm, and ucsf scientists were also involved in the formation of most other major biotech firms in the san francisco region that date back to the late 1970s and early 1980s. furthermore, a 2006 analysis of the roots of the ten largest biotech firms measured in terms of their market capitalization in the san francisco region highlighted the central position of ucsf continued to play within the region’s industry: six biotech firms out of the top ten were either directly or indirectly linked to ucsf—a direct link meaning that the firm was founded by a ucsf scientist, an indirect link meaning that the firm was spun-off from a firm founded by a ucsf scientist. on the clinical side, great advances in patient care, diagnostics, and treatments advanced ucsf's reputation in the health field. 1975 also saw the opening of the ucsf center in fresno. panorama of ucsf and golden gate park from health sciences west julius r. krevans, the fifth chancellor from 1982 to 1993, was a strong advocate of biomedical research and public policy in the health sciences. during his tenure, ucsf rose to become one of the leading recipients of nih funding. this led to the need for new space, and additions included the marilyn reed lucia child care center in 1978, the dental clinics building (1980), the new joseph m. long hospital in 1983 (which was integrated with the existing moffitt hospital), the beckman vision center and the koret vision research laboratory (1988), and the kalmanovitz library (1990). due to the space constraints of the parnassus heights campus, ucsf started looking into expanding into other areas of the city. the university opened ucsf laurel heights in 1985 in the laurel heights neighborhood. initially intended for pharmacy school laboratory research and instruction, neighborhood concerns pushed