xipapillomavirus xipapillomavirus xipapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family papillomaviridae. bovine serve as natural hosts. there are five species in this genus. diseases associated with this genus include: true papillomas on the cutaneous or mucosal surfaces of cattle. xipapillomavirus virus classification (unranked): virus realm: monodnaviria kingdom: shotokuvirae phylum: cossaviricota class: papovaviricetes order: zurhausenvirales family: papillomaviridae genus: xipapillomavirus taxonomy the following five species are assigned to the genus: xipapillomavirus 1 xipapillomavirus 2 xipapillomavirus 3 xipapillomavirus 4 xipapillomavirus 5 structure viruses in xipapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and t=7 symmetry. the diameter is around 52-55 nm. genomes are circular, around 7kb in length. the genome has 6 open reading frames. genusstructuresymmetrycapsidgenomic arrangementgenomic segmentation xipapillomavirusicosahedralt=7non-envelopedcircularmonopartite life cycle viral replication is nuclear. entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. replication follows the dsdna bidirectional replication model. dna-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. the virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. bovine serve as the natural host. transmission routes are contact. genushost detailstissue tropismentry detailsrelease detailsreplication siteassembly sitetransmission xipapillomavirusbovinesepithelial: mucous; epithelial: skincell receptor endocytosislysisnucleusnucleuscontact