grepafloxacin grepafloxacin grepafloxacin (trade name raxar, glaxo wellcome) was an oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat bacterial infections. grepafloxacin was withdrawn worldwide from markets in 1999, due to its side effect of lengthening the qt interval on the electrocardiogram, leading to cardiac events and sudden death. grepafloxacinclinical dataahfs/drugs.commultum consumer informationatc codej01ma11 (who) pharmacokinetic dataprotein binding50%identifiers iupac name (rs)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid cas number119914-60-2 ypubchem cid72474drugbankdb00365 ychemspider65391 yuniil1m1u2hc31keggc11368 ychemblchembl583 ycomptox dashboard (epa)dtxsid2048321 echa infocard100.159.692 chemical and physical dataformulac19h22fn3o3molar mass359.401 g·mol−13d model (jsmol)interactive imagechiralityracemic mixture smiles o=c(o)\c2=c\n(c1cc(c(f)c(c1c2=o)c)n3cc(ncc3)c)c4cc4 inchi inchi=1s/c19h22fn3o3/c1-10-8-22(6-5-21-10)15-7-14-16(11(2)17(15)20)18(24)13(19(25)26)9-23(14)12-3-4-12/h7,9-10,12,21h,3-6,8h2,1-2h3,(h,25,26) ykey:aijttzavmxijgm-uhfffaoysa-n y (verify) clinical uses grepafloxacin was used for treating exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by susceptible bacteria (e.g. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis), community-acquired pneumonia (including those, in addition to the above germs, caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae) gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis (for example caused by chlamydia trachomatis or ureaplasma urealyticum). synthesis the preparation of quinolones bearing a substituent at position 5 is complicated by the greater electrophilic character of the 8 position. one scheme for resolving the problem consists in blocking access to position 8 by first adding a readily removable group to that center. grepafloxacin synthesis: the scheme starts with the conversion of the carboxylic acid in (1) to its dimethyloxazoline derivative (3) by reaction with the aminomethyl propanol (2). lithium diisopropylamide (lda) then removes a proton from the 8 position; treatment of that anion with trimethylsilyl iodide leads to the silylated intermediate (4). a second round of lda then generates a carbanion at the only open position; reaction with methyl iodide leads to the corresponding 5 methyl derivative (5). treatment of that product with cesium fluoride breaks the carbon–silicon bond, removing the silyl group; aqueous acid then hydrolyzes the oxazoline to afford the free acid (6). this last intermediate is then taken on to the quinolone (9) by essentially the same scheme as that used to prepare difloxacin, with the difference that the chain elongation is by means of grignard reagent of ethyl bromoacetate. treatment of (9) with 2-methylpiperazine proceeds by reaction at the less hindered of the two amino groups; saponification then affords grepafloxacin (10). stereochemistry grepafloxacin contains a stereocenter and consists of two enantiomers. this is a racemate, ie a 1: 1 mixture of (r)- and the (s)-forms: enantiomers of grepafloxacin (r)-grepafloxacin cas number: 146761-68-4 (s)-grepafloxacin cas number: 146761-69-5