the presence of deformities of the long bones of the limbs resulting in shortening and other abnormalities." grünenthal criminal trial in 1968, a large criminal trial began in germany, charging several grünenthal officials with negligent homicide and injury. after grünenthal settled with the victims in april 1970, the trial ended in december 1970 with no finding of guilt. as part of the settlement, grünenthal paid 100 million dm into a special foundation; the german government added 320 million dm. the foundation paid victims a one-time sum of 2,500–25,000 dm (depending on severity of disability) and a monthly stipend of 100–450 dm. the monthly stipends have since been raised substantially and are now paid entirely by the government (as the foundation had run out of money). grünenthal paid another €50 million into the foundation in 2008. on 31 august 2012, grünenthal chief executive harald f. stock – who served as the chief executive officer of grünenthal gmbh from january 2009 to may 28, 2013 – apologized for the first time for producing the drug and remaining silent about the birth defects. at a ceremony, stock unveiled a statue of a disabled child to symbolize those harmed by thalidomide and apologized for not trying to reach out to victims for over 50 years. at the time of the apology, there were between 5,000 and 6,000 people still living with thalidomide-related birth defects. victim advocates called the apology "insulting" and "too little, too late", and criticized the company for not compensating victims and for their claim that no one could have known the harm the drug caused, arguing that there were plenty of red flags at the time. notable cases niko von glasow, german filmmaker mercédes benegbi, born with phocomelia of both arms, drove the successful campaign for compensation from her government for canadians who were affected by thalidomide. mat fraser, born with phocomelia of both arms, is an english rock musician, actor, writer and performance artist. he produced a 2002 television documentary, born freak, which looked at this historical tradition and its relevance to modern disabled performers. this work has become the subject of academic analysis in the field of disability studies. niko von glasow, a thalidomide survivor, produced a documentary called nobody's perfect, based on the lives of 12 people affected by the drug, which was released in 2008. josée lake is a canadian paralympic gold medallist swimmer, thalidomide survivor, and president of the thalidomide victims association of canada lorraine mercer mbe of the united kingdom, born with phocomelia of both arms and legs, is the only thalidomide survivor to carry the olympic torch. thomas quasthoff, an internationally acclaimed bass-baritone, who describes himself: "1.34 meters tall, short arms, seven fingers — four right, three left — large, relatively well-formed head, brown eyes, distinctive lips; profession: singer". alvin law, canadian motivational speaker and former radio broadcaster. change in drug regulations the disaster prompted many countries to introduce tougher rules for the testing and licensing of drugs, such as the kefauver harris amendment (u.s.), directive 65/65/eec1 (e.u.), and the medicines act 1968 (uk). in the united states, the new regulations strengthened the fda, among other ways, by requiring applicants to prove efficacy and to disclose all side effects encountered in testing. the fda subsequently initiated the drug efficacy study implementation to reclassify drugs already on the market.