list of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads list of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads a medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. the appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis. a medical tetrad is a group of four, while a pentad is a group of five. triads name triad disease abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture triadhypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank painabdominal aortic aneurysm achalasia triadincreased lower esophageal sphincter (les) tone, decreased les relaxation, aperistalsisachalasia allergic triad eczema (atopic dermatitis), allergic rhinitis, bronchitis atopy or atopic triad alkaptonuria triadochronotic arthritis, ochronotic pigmentation, urine darkens on standingalkaptonuria amyand's triadamyand's hernia, appendicitis, undescended testis anderson triadsubcutaneous emphysema, rapid respirations, and abdominal rigidityesophageal rupture (likely intra-abdominal) austrian syndrome triadpneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis (all caused by streptococcus pneumoniae)austrian syndrome beck's triadmuffled heart sound, distended neck veins, hypotensioncardiac tamponade budd–chiari syndromeabdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegalybudd–chiari syndrome charcot's cholangitis triadright upper quadrant pain, fever, jaundiceascending cholangitis charcot's neurologic triadscanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmusmultiple sclerosis triad of congenital toxoplasmosischorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcificationscongenital toxoplasmosis triad of congenital rubellacataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, sensorineural hearing losscongenital rubella congestive heart failure triadtachycardia, tachypnea, tender hepatomegalycongestive heart failure cushing's triad of increased intracranial pressurebradycardia, bradypnea, hypertensionhead injuries danny's triadpainful urination, testicular pain, diarrheachlamydia dieulafoy's triadhyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness and guarding over mcburney's pointacute appendicitis dietl's crisis renal colic, swelling in loin which disappears after urination hydronephrosis fanconi syndrome triadaminoaciduria, proteinuria, phosphaturiafanconi syndrome female athlete triadeating disorders, amenorrhoea, decreased bone mineral densityrelative energy deficiency in sport gradenigos triadsixth cranial n. palsy, persistent ear discharge, deep seated retro orbital paingradenigo's syndrome graves disease triadgoiter, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedemagraves' disease triad of opioid overdoserespiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, cns depressionopioid overdose triad of granulomatosis with polyangiitisfocal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomerulonephritisgranulomatosis with polyangiitis hakim triad (adams triad)urinary incontinence, gait disturbance, dementianormal pressure hydrocephalus triad (triad of sandblom)malena, obstructive jaundice, biliary colichemobilia triad of meigs' syndromeascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumormeigs' syndrome hemolytic–uremic syndrome triadanaemia, thrombocytopenia, kidney failure (but see pentad of ttp below)hemolytic–uremic syndrome horner's syndrome triadptosis (eyelid), miosis, anhydrosishorner's syndrome hutchinson's triadhutchison's teeth, interstitial keratitis, nerve deafnesscongenital syphilis kartagener syndrome triadtriad of bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, and, situs inversus,kartagener syndrome leriche's syndrome triadtriad of bilateral hip, thigh, and buttock claudication, impotence, and symmetric atrophy of the bilateral lower extremities due to chronic ischemialeriche's syndrome mackler's triadvomiting, pain and subcutaneous emphysemaboerhaave syndrome three c's of measlescough, coryza, conjunctivitismeasles meltzer's triadpurpura, arthralgias, weakness/myalgiascryoglobulinemia triad of reactive arthritisurethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, arthritisreactive arthritis saint's triadgall stones, diverticulosis, hiatus hernia samter's triad (also known as acetylsalicylic acid triad or widal's triad or francis' triad or aspirin triad)aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps, asthmaaspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease tetany in children - triadstridor, carpopedal spasm, convulsionstetany trauma triad of deathcoagulopathy, hypothermia, acidosisdeath triad of albinismblack locks, occulo-cutaneous albinism, deafness of sensorineural typealbinism triad of alport syndromesensorineural deafness, progressive kidney failure, ocular anomaliesalport syndrome triad of behcet's syndromerecurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, iridocyclitisbehçet's disease triad of causes of biotin deficiencyglossitis, alopecia, dermatitisbiotin deficiency triad of henoch–schönlein purpurapalpable purpura on buttock/legs, arthralgias, abdominal painiga vasculitis triad of hypernephromapain, hematuria, renal masshypernephroma triad of kwashiorkorgrowth retardation, mental changes, edemakwashiorkor triad of plummer–vinson syndromeiron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal websplummer–vinson syndrome triad of renal cell carcinomahematuria, palpable abdominal mass, flank painrenal cell carcinoma triple test (for diagnosis of downs syndrome)estimation of hcg, estriol, and afpdown's syndrome trotter's triadconductive deafness, immobility of homolateral soft palate, trigeminal neuralgianasopharyngeal carcinoma unhappy triad (also known as o'donoghue's triad or a blown knee)injury to the acl, mcl, and meniscus (either medial or lateral)knee injury virchow's triadstasis, hypercoagulability, vessel injuryvenous thrombosis triad of wernicke encephalopathyconfusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxiawernicke encephalopathy whipple's triadhypoglycaemia during attacks, resolution of symptoms upon correction of blood glucose, symptoms brought about by low glucose states.insulinoma triad of aortic stenosischest pain, heart failure, syncopeaortic stenosis murphy's triadpain-> vomiting -> feveracute appendicitis tillaux's triadsoft fluctuant swelling in umbilical region, swelling moves perpendicular to messentery, zone of resonance all around swellingmesenteric cyst rigler's triadsmall bowel obstruction, a gallstone outside the gallbladder, and air in the bile ductsgallstone ileus wilkie's syndrome (sma syndrome) chronic peptic ulcer, chronic appendicitis and chronic calcular cholecystitis gastro-vascular disorder tetrads name tetrad disease tetralogy of fallotpulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aortatetralogy of fallot ménière's diseasevertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating low frequency hearing loss, aural fullnessménière's disease zoonotic tetradscrub typhus, chiggers, rodents and birds, scrub vegetation pentads name pentad disease pentad of ttpremembered by the mnemonic "fat rn" (or alternatively "art fan"); fever, anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neurologic disturbancesthrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura pentalogy of cantrellomphalocele, anterior diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, intracardiac defect.thoracoabdominal syndrome pentalogy of fallotfallot's tetralogy with a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect. pentad of primary hyperparathyroidism"stones", "bones", "abdominal groans", "thrones", "psychiatric overtones"primary hyperparathyroidism reynold's pentadright upper quadrant abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, shock and depression of central nervous system functionacute suppurative cholangitis