manitoba march 20, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open august 28, 2021 march 15, 2022 terminated new brunswick march 19, 2020 march 14, 2022 no restrictions open september 22, 2021 march 14, 2022 terminated newfoundland and labrador march 18, 2020 march 14, 2022 no restrictions open september 18, 2021 march 14, 2022 terminated northwest territories march 18, 2020 march 1, 2022 no restrictions open august 25, 2021 april 1, 2022 terminated nova scotia march 22, 2020 march 21, 2022 no restrictions open july 31, 2020 march 21, 2022 terminated nunavut march 18, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open september 19, 2021 march 9, 2022 no ontario march 17, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open october 3, 2020 march 21, 2022 terminated prince edward island march 16, 2020 april 6, 2022 no restrictions open september 17, 2021 may 6, 2022 terminated quebec march 12, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open july 18, 2020 may 14, 2022 terminated saskatchewan march 18, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open september 17, 2021 march 1, 2022 terminated yukon march 18, 2020 ongoing no restrictions open december 1, 2020 march 18, 2022 terminated the start date refers to the first declaration of a state of emergency, while the end date refers to the final expiry date for all declarations. refers to status of internal borders only. although the canadian charter of rights and freedoms guarantees broad mobility rights to canadian citizens, during a state of emergency provincial and territorial governments can effectively restrict or deny entry due to primarily their lawful authority to, at their discretion, refuse any person permission to use their roads:open: no restrictions on entry from other canadian provinces and territories.screened: health checks and/or self-isolation mandatory for persons entering from other canadian provinces and territories.restricted: entry prohibited for non-residents without a valid reason to enter the province or territory.regional: entry restricted to (a) specific region(s) of the province or territory. face masks are compulsory for ages 2 and up, except in british columbia (ages 12 and up for both madates), québec (ages 10 and up as of august 24, 2020; previously ages 12 and up), and newfoundland and labrador (ages 5 and up).british columbia and manitoba implemented mask mandates for two periods. the first provincial mask mandate was effective from december 13, 2020, to june 30, 2021, in alberta, from november 19, 2020, to june 30, 2021, in british columbia, and from november 2, 2020, to august 6, 2021, in manitoba.for all ages, limited medical exemptions may apply. some cities implemented local mandates earlier: july 7, 2020: toronto and ottawa (in ontario) july 31, 2020: banff (in alberta) august 1, 2020: calgary and edmonton (in alberta) september 25, 2020: winnipeg (in manitoba) the mask mandate ended on july 1, 2021 in alberta, and was reinstated september 4, 2021, it was ended again on march 1, 2022. the mask mandate ended on july 1, 2021 in british columbia, and was reinstated august 25, 2021. it was ended again on march 11, 2022. from april 19 to june 16, 2021, entry into the province via land borders was prohibited for non-essential travel. terminated as of march 1, 2022. on july 16, 2021, ontario entered step 3 of reopening. almost all businesses can reopen, with limited restrictions.ontario implemented its first saho on march 24, 2020. to date, a total of three sahos were imposed, with province-wide sahos and lockdowns totalling 165 days. most activities in ontario were closed for even longer. effective july 27, daycares can open if they have 15 people (staff and children) per group. stage 3 is effective july 17 in most regions, july 24 in a few other regions, july 31 in peel and toronto, and august 12 in windsor-essex. dancing is prohibited but if the dancers are hired by the bar they are allowed to dance. the quebec government still recommends that indoor gatherings be kept to 10 people or three different households. summary of reopening for quebec: april 1, 2021: dark red zones, with special emergency measures, are introduced in several regions: most of capitale-nationale, most of outaouais, and the city of lévis, quebec. may 24, 2021: all of quebec is at red zone or better. june 28, 2021: all of quebec is at green zone. québec implemented a curfew from january 9 to may 27, 2021, for dark red, red and orange zones. the mask mandate ended on july 11, 2021 in saskatchewan, and was reinstated september 17, 2021, it was later repealed on march 1, 2022. on march 12, quebec declared a public health emergency, requiring international travellers to self-isolate for 14 days and banning gatherings of 250 people. extending the ban to all gatherings outside workplaces and retail. on march 16, prince edward island declared a public health emergency. alberta and ontario declared emergencies on march 17, followed by british columbia, newfoundland and labrador, the northwest territories, nunavut, saskatchewan, and yukon on march 18. new brunswick, manitoba, and nova scotia declared emergencies on march 19, march 20, and march 22 respectively. these emergencies allowed provinces to ban gatherings and require international travellers to self-isolate. on march 25, mandatory self-isolation was imposed federally, making it a legal requirement for all provinces that had not done so already. new brunswick, the northwest territories, nunavut, prince edward island and have all restricted entry through interprovincial borders, prohibiting the entry of non-residents without a valid reason. quebec has additionally restricted travel into 9 of its 18 regions and parts of 3 other regions. the borders of nova scotia and newfoundland and labrador are being screened, while also requiring travellers to self-isolate for 14 days upon entering the province. schools and universities let's work together stop the spread sign at a school in the gta. public schools (under provincial control) across the country quickly followed suit and closed. schools in the toronto district school board were closed under a 2-week class-free quarantine beginning on the week after the regularly scheduled march break. virtual learning was implemented in the week following the quarantine and extended until the beginning of the next school year, giving students the option of going in-person with restrictions or continuing virtual learning. march break was pushed back to the week of april 11. laurentian university in greater sudbury was the first to voluntarily suspended classes and moved to online instruction on march 12. this was quickly followed by many other universities across the country. business closures playground in port moody, british columbia, closed off with caution tape. a sign indicates the playground is closed because of covid-19. bars, restaurants, cinemas, and other businesses have been ordered closed by provinces, territories, and municipalities across the country. initially, some jurisdictions allowed restaurants or bars to stay open with reduced capacity and social distancing. takeout and delivery orders are largely still permitted. jurisdictions have differed on daycare closures. in particular, british columbia and saskatchewan have faced criticism for allowing daycares to remain open while closing schools, bars, and restaurants. ontario, quebec, and saskatchewan have mandated the closure of all businesses not deemed essential by the provinces. essential businesses include grocery stores, takeout and delivery restaurants, pharmacies, transportation, manufacturing, food production, energy, and healthcare. liquor and cannabis stores remained mainly open across the country, with governments reversing their closure orders due to alcohol withdrawal syndrome concerns. aid programs alberta, british columbia, new brunswick, prince edward island, and manitoba all offered one-time payments that aimed to bridge the gap before implementing the federal canada emergency response benefit. quebec's temporary aid for workers program provides up to four weeks of payments for those who do not qualify for federal assistance. prince edward island also provides payments to those who have kept their jobs but work reduced hours. many provinces and territories have increased payments for those already receiving income supports. courts courts across the country instituted measures to reduce public contact while maintaining access to the courts. the supreme court of canada has closed the building to public tours while maintaining the ability to file documents for cases electronically. it has also adjourned appeals which were to be heard in march, to dates in june. other courts have prioritized the cases that will be heard, giving priority to ongoing criminal trials and trials in family and child protection matters while adjourning most pending cases to later dates. first nations on march 19, the pimicikamak cree nation in northern manitoba restricted entry to essential travellers, and chief david monias said the sayisi dene and others are doing the same. as of march 19, the council of the haida nation said it was discouraging all non-resident travel to the islands "for the time being." on march 27, wasauksing first nation declared a state of emergency with gimaa (chief) wally tabobondung announcing the creation of a response team and the state of emergency via youtube video. in an update posted on may 16, the chief and council announced they had installed cameras with facial and licence plate recognition technology at local checkpoints to identify outsiders entering the territory. cottagers leasing property on the territory had been barred from entering until june 6. as of june 6, anyone entering the wasauksing must have a tag issued by the band government and provide information for a centralized registry. re-opening has been occurring in phases. as of an update posted on june 21, the state of emergency had been extended an additional 90 days. on october 1, in anticipation of the "second wave," tk’emlups te secwepemc secwépemc first nation instituted a mandatory face mask policy in indoor spaces where physical distancing was not possible, including hallways, staircases, and shared vehicles. as of october 8, the infection rate in indigenous communities had been one-third of the infection rate in non-indigenous communities, according to an update from indigenous services minister marc miller. miller praised indigenous leadership and with indigenous services canada's chief medical officer dr. tim wong, encouraging indigenous people to remain vigilant and safe. first nations communities are prioritized amongst others in the first phase of vaccinations against the virus. economic impact panic buying: empty toilet paper shelves on 12 march 2020 at an atlantic superstore in halifax, nova scotia. the covid-19 pandemic had a deep impact on the canadian economy, leading it into a recession. the government's social distancing rules had the effect of limiting economic activity in the country. companies started mass layoffs of workers, and canada's unemployment rate was 13.5 percent in may 2020, the highest it has been since 1976. many large-scale events that planned to take place in 2020 in canada were cancelled or delayed. this includes all major sporting and artistic events. canada's tourism and air travel sectors were hit especially hard due to travel restrictions. some farmers feared a labour shortfall and bankruptcy. covid-19 affected consumer behaviours. in the early stages of the pandemic, canadian grocery stores were the site of large-scale panic buying which led to many empty shelves. by the end of march 2020, most stores were closed to walk-in customers with the exception of grocery stores and pharmacies, which implemented strong social distancing rules in their premises. these rules were also implemented in other canadian businesses as they began to re-open in the following months. pandemic by province or territory alberta main article: covid-19 pandemic in alberta british columbia main article: covid-19 pandemic in british columbia deserted exterior of canada place in vancouver. manitoba main article: covid-19 pandemic in manitoba new brunswick main article: covid-19 pandemic in new brunswick newfoundland and labrador main article: covid-19 pandemic in newfoundland and labrador northwest territories main article: covid-19 pandemic in the northwest territories nova scotia main article: covid-19 pandemic in nova scotia nunavut main article: covid-19 pandemic in nunavut ontario main article: covid-19 pandemic in ontario