interleukin 22 interleukin 22 interleukin-22 (il-22) is protein that in humans is encoded by the il22 gene. il22available structurespdbortholog search: pdbe rcsb list of pdb id codes1m4r, 1ykb, 3dgc, 3dlq, 3g9v, 3q1sidentifiersaliasesil22, il-21, il-22, il-d110, il-tif, iltif, tifil-23, tifa, zcyto18, interleukin 22external idsomim: 605330 mgi: 2151139 homologene: 9669 genecards: il22 gene location (human)chr.chromosome 12 (human)band12q15start68,248,242 bpend68,253,604 bpgene location (mouse)chr.chromosome 10 (mouse)band10|10 d2start118,125,534 bpend118,130,943 bprna expression patternbgeehumanmouse (ortholog)top expressed inappendixmuscle tissueepithelium of esophagusthighduodenumthymusurinary bladdergallbladderrhombencephalonmetencephalontop expressed inmorulacerebellumsecondary oocytecerebellar cortexmesencephalonblastocystduodenumileummore reference expression databiogpsn/agene ontologymolecular function protein binding interleukin-22 receptor binding cytokine activity cellular component extracellular space extracellular region biological process response to glucocorticoid acute-phase response inflammatory response regulation of signaling receptor activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway sources:amigo / quickgoorthologsspecieshumanmouseentrez50616116849ensemblensg00000127318ensmusg00000090461uniprotq9gzx6q9jjy8refseq (mrna)nm_020525nm_054079refseq (protein)np_065386np_473420location (ucsc)chr 12: 68.25 – 68.25 mbchr 10: 118.13 – 118.13 mbpubmed searchwikidataview/edit humanview/edit mouse structure il-22 is an α-helical cytokine. il-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of il-10r2 and il-22r1 subunits. il-22r is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. crystallization is possible if the n-linked glycosylation sites are removed in mutants of il-22 bound with high-affinity cell-surface receptor sil-22r1. the crystallographic asymmetric unit contained two il-22-sil-22r1 complexes. function il-22 is produced by several populations of immune cells at a site of inflammation. producers are αβ t cells classes th1, th22 and th17 along with γδ t cells, nkt, ilc3, neutrophils and macrophages. il-22 takes effect on non-hematopoietic cells – mainly stromal and epithelial cells. effects involve stimulation of cell survival, proliferation and synthesis of antimicrobials including s100, reg3β, reg3γ and defensins. il-22 thus participates in both wound healing and in protection against microbes. il-22 dysregulation takes part in pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. il-22 biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of il-22r1 and il-10r2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, il-22bp, which shares sequence similarity with an extracellular region of il-22r1 (sil-22r1). il-22 and il-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. il-22 can contribute to immune disease through the stimulation of inflammatory responses, s100s and defensins. il-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to il-10. in some contexts, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of il-22 are regulated by the often co-expressed cytokine il-17a target tissue targets of this cytokine are mostly non-hematopoietic cells – epithelial and stromal cells of following tissues and organs: liver, lung, skin, thymus, pancreas, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, synovial tissues, heart, breast, eye and adipose tissue. signaling il-22 is a member of a group of cytokines called the il-10 family or il-10 superfamily (including il-19, il-20, il-24, and il-26), a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. it shares use of il-10r2 in cell signaling with other members of this family, il-10, il-26, il-28a/b and il-29. il-22, signals through the interferon receptor-related proteins crf2-4 and il-22r. it forms cell surface complexes with il-22r1 and il-10r2 chains resulting in signal transduction through receptor, il-10r2. the il-22/il-22r1/il-10r2 complex activates intracellular kinases (jak1, tyk2, and map kinases) and transcription factors, especially stat3. it can induce il-20 and il-24 signaling when il-22r1 pairs with il-20r2. regulation of production il-22 production is induced mainly through il-23 receptor signalling. il-23 is produced by dendritic cells after recognition of ligands by specific toll-like receptors especially in combination with dectin-1 and or nod2 signalling. il-1β stimulates il-22 production too. on the other hand il-22 binding protein is a soluble inhibitor which blocks receptor binding site of il-22.