franchise epizza spa closed down all 29 of its stores. the company had declared bankruptcy in april 2022 after two years of declining sales caused by lockdown restrictions and competition from local pizza chains and restaurants, which began using food delivery apps in response to the covid-19 pandemic in italy. japan restaurant-related diffusion index (飲食関連di, inshoku kanren dhīai) in march 2020 was felt down into 0.7 which was worst value ever. torikizoku (鳥貴族), a yakitori-style izakaya chain, announced on 2 april that they would shut all 394 of their stores from 4 april to 6 may. doutor coffee shut all about 250 of their stores in seven prefectures (tokyo, chiba, saitama, kanagawa, osaka, hyogo and fukuoka), which are issued emergency declaration initially, from 8 april. starbucks also shut all about 850 of their stores in seven prefectures from 9 april. tully's coffee shut about 400 of their stores in seven prefectures and about 50 of their stores in six prefectures (hokkaido, ibarakim ishikawa, gifu, aichi and kyoto), which are designated as special alert prefectures (特定警戒都道府県, tokutei keikai todōfuken), from 16 april to 6 may and from 23 april to 6 may respectively. ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries asked people to drink milk more for reducing disposal of it. according to website of joyfull (ジョイフル) family restaurant chain, 200 restaurant were close from july 2020 in japan, affective of covid-19 in nationwide from february 2020. a western-style restaurant chain, khtchen jiro (キッチンジロー) officially confirmed reports on 3 september that 13 places were closing on 30 september, due to effects of the covid-19 pandemic in japan, according to the restaurant's website. according to web site show for restaurant chain giant, skylark (すかいらーく) announced in 12 november 200 place closed from november 2020 to 2021, and izakaya (japanese style bar) restaurant chain, monterosa (モンテローザ), announced by web site on 15 january 61 places were closed on same day, both affective for covid-19 pandemic on nationwide from march 2020. malaysia mcdonald's temporary closed their dine-in restaurants on mid-march when movement control order begun and their service were restricted to takeaways only. despite the partially relaxation of the movement control order which is known as conditional movement control order effective 4 may which allows restaurants to accept dine-in, mcdonald's refuse to provide dine-in in all their restaurants citing safety as their main priority and continue to offer takeaways until further notice. due to the movement control order that was enforced since mid-march, many restaurants, cafes, bakery and convenient stores in kuala lumpur, selangor and muar were impacted by the pandemic which forces many business to become defunct or dissolved, and each affected stores were placing up the banner regarding the premises is for sale or rent, although some stores has been dissolved few days earlier prior to mco lockdown. however, not all dissolved business placed up the banner yet as their rental contract has yet to be expired. the dissolving of business was attributed to lockdown and curfews which prevents many people from having dinner and supper in restaurants during night time, which were exacerbate further by high rental fees and landlord's refusal to reduce the rental fees. in subang jaya, bubble tea is one of the food industry that was worst hit by covid-19 pandemic. according to the observation by malay mail, reporter discovered that in ss15 area which is well known for bubble tea hence unofficially named "bubble tea street" or "boba street", 15 out of 20 bubble tea shops in that area were permanently closed. while the closure of these bubble tea shops were attributed to their target demographic, mainly university students and young professionals, who are unable to study and work in that area during movement control order lockdown that prevents many people from visiting their shops and was further exacerbated by the rising of rental price due to gentrification caused by booming of bubble tea shops from rm 3000 in 2014 to rm 12000 in may 2020 that causes many struggling business unable to pay rents during pandemic, however, when malay mail interviewed with anonymous quality control officer of an anonymous bubble tea company, he denied that pandemic impact is the real cause of decline of bubble tea shops as bubble tea shops is a food shops which food shops is a category that are allowed to operate during lockdown, but instead stating that lack of passion regarding managing their own bubble tea shops by owner is the main reason of decline of bubble tea shops. some netizens react the closure as predictable, with one said that the decline will continues despite the diseases has contained, while others praised the closure as a hope to reduce diabetes rates among malaysian and considering bubble tea as non-essential business. although some restaurants survived the pandemic impact and has reopened for dine-in, however, it was also reported that many customers were continue to prefer either queuing up for takeaways or using online food ordering system to deliver takeaways to home instead. new zealand in new zealand on 25 march 2020 butcher shops were declared non-essential businesses by the government. according to the 2017 version of the new zealand pandemic plan, retail meat new zealand and other organizations will coordinate with the government to maintain essential food supplies to point of sale. philippines select outlets of fast food and restaurant chains across luzon remained operational during the luzon enhanced community quarantine. the outlets that remained open continue to accept take out and delivery orders. food delivery services such as grabfood and foodpanda temporarily halted but eventually resumed operations in luzon during the quarantine period. south africa near-empty food shelves due to panic-buying in paarl, south africa in may 2021, butchery and restaurant mzoli's was closed indefinitely. the founder's daughter sisanda mangele said it closed due to "a lot of things, from physical safety to the state of the economy and restrictions of the pandemic". zama zwane, manager of chaf pozi a restaurant in soweto, stated "we can't afford a lot of our bills and rent is also an issue. paying salaries has become a struggle and the sector doesn’t support us". sweden according to eater, in the restaurant industry in sweden "there is a feeling of utter despair" but also high levels of camaraderie among restaurateurs, who are trying out new ideas in an attempt to survive. turkey on 21 march 2020, the ministry of the interior announced that starting from midnight, restaurants, dining places and patisseries were to be closed to the public for dining in, and were only allowed to offer home delivery and take-away. united kingdom uk prime minister boris johnson on 16 march 2020 recommended the public stay away from bars, clubs, and restaurants. the restaurant industry is the uk's third-largest employer. a relief package for workers was announced 20 march but funds would not be available until the end of april. according to the guardian, restaurants "scrambled to reinvent themselves" by pivoting their business models to adapt to the realities of government restrictions. restaurants became "takeaways, bottle shops, delicatessens. others selling hampers, fresh meal-kits or offering cookery courses." on 23 march 2020, mcdonald's closed all restaurants in the uk and ireland. on 24 march 2020, greggs announced that it would close all of its around 2,000 stores. this is despite having converted into a takeaway shop following the call for all restaurants and cafes to close. nearly half of the uk food supply is imported. multiple suppliers to restaurants switched to direct-to-consumer models. united states sign noting the closure of screen door in portland, oregon, because of the pandemic the 2020 coronavirus pandemic impacted the us food industry via government closures, resulting in layoffs of workers and loss of income for restaurants and owners. it impacted retail groceries with panic buying noted as early as 2 march in some areas. the closures impacted the distribution for food and beverages. in early april, while grocery stores were experiencing shortages of dairy products, farmers whose main customers were in the food service supply chain were dumping their milk because of lack of demand. according to cornell dairy industry economist christopher wolf, "if you have a factory that was set up to produce sour cream to sell at mexican restaurants, you can't just decide that tomorrow you're gonna produce ice cream and send it to the grocery store." meat processor tyson foods temporarily ceased operations in april because many of its workers had contracted coronavirus, and it was expected that farmers would simply slaughter many animals without having anywhere to sell them as meat. according to npr's yuki noguchi, "just about every restaurant nationwide has been hit hard at once, making this disaster unique." industry experts warned that many small businesses would not be able to recover from closures without help from the government. impact on the greater economy was as of 17 march expected to be large as americans have in recent years spent more at restaurants than at grocery stores. lester jones, chief economist of the national beer wholesalers association, said "this is a very significant and traumatic event for the restaurants, bars, taverns and the industry in general." chris swonger, ced of the distilled spirits council of the united states, said "the impact on our industry is going to be really, really difficult. it's going to be a real challenge economically for not only the distillers of the united states, but certainly small businesses, restaurants, and bars." sean kennedy of the national restaurant association on 19 march called the closures a "perfect storm" for the industry, saying the three primary challenges for restaurateurs are short-term access to cash, medium and long-term access to credit, and tax relief when the closures are ended. an investor in two new york city restaurants told the new york post: this situation is apocalyptic for the restaurant business. how sad would the city be if the only places that survived were chains? it makes me depressed to even think about it.— mark amadei the new york times on 20 march reported that industry analysts were predicting that two-thirds of restaurants would not survive, and as many as 75% of independents. on 26 march 11 percent of restaurants anticipated permanently closing within the next 30 days. the us restaurant industry was projected at $899 billion in sales for 2020 by the national restaurant association, the main trade association for the industry in the united states. an estimated 99% of companies in the industry are family-owned small businesses with fewer than 50 employees. the industry as a whole as of february 2020 employed more than 15 million people, representing 10% of the workforce directly. it is the nation's second largest private employer and the third largest employer overall. it indirectly employed close to another 10% when dependent businesses such as food producers, trucking, and delivery services were factored in, according to ohio restaurateur britney ruby miller. in delaware and massachusetts, one in ten workers is employed in the restaurant industry. in north carolina, 11% of workers are employed by the industry. in texas, 12% of workers were employed by the industry as of 2016. forbes on 19 march estimated the job losses in the restaurant industry to be in the millions. the national restaurant association estimated probable job losses to be five to seven million. industry experts on 18 march forecasted $225 billion in direct losses and a full economic impact of $675 billion because of additional revenues generated elsewhere in the economy when customers patronize restaurants. in july, dunkin' donuts announced the permanent closure of 800 stores as pandemic related closures impacted the chain's business revenues. california pizza kitchen filed for bankruptcy. npc international, cec entertainment, le pain quotidien have also filed for bankruptcy. timeline in a 28 february story about how restaurants could prepare for the possibility of a pandemic, restaurant business quoted roslyn stone, coo of a firm that provides crisis response for restaurants, who said "the prospect of a global pandemic has already put a spotlight on restaurants and the tendency for employees to come in sick. though more chains have started giving employees sick time as the supply of labor has tightened, it's increasingly important for companies to change their culture to ensure employees aren't working while sick." a 3 march story in nation's restaurant news characterized the