the first 72–96 hours of treatment. prognosis severe acute pancreatitis has mortality rates around 2–9%, higher where necrosis of the pancreas has occurred. several scoring systems are used to predict the severity of an attack of pancreatitis. they each combine demographic and laboratory data to estimate severity or probability of death. examples include apache ii, ranson, bisap, and glasgow. the modified glasgow criteria suggests that a case be considered severe if at least three of the following are true: age > 55 years blood levels: po2 oxygen < 60 mmhg or 7.9 kpa white blood cells > 15,000/µlitre calcium < 2 mmol/litre blood urea nitrogen > 16 mmol/litre lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) > 600iu/litre aspartate transaminase (ast) > 200iu/litre albumin < 32g/litre glucose > 10 mmol/litre this can be remembered using the mnemonic pancreas: po2 oxygen < 60 mmhg or 7.9 kpa age > 55 neutrophilia white blood cells > 15,000/µlitre calcium < 2 mmol/litre renal function (bun) > 16 mmol/litre enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) > 600iu/litre aspartate transaminase (ast) > 200iu/litre albumin < 32g/litre sugar glucose > 10 mmol/litre the bisap score (blood urea nitrogen level >25 mg/dl (8.9 mmol/l), impaired mental status, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, age over 60 years, pleural effusion) has been validated as similar to other prognostic scoring systems. epidemiology globally the incidence of acute pancreatitis is 5 to 35 cases per 100,000 people. the incidence of chronic pancreatitis is 4–8 per 100,000 with a prevalence of 26–42 cases per 100,000. in 2013 pancreatitis resulted in 123,000 deaths up from 83,000 deaths in 1990. costs in adults in the united kingdom, the estimated average total direct and indirect costs of chronic pancreatitis is roughly £79,000 per person on an annual basis. acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis occur infrequently in children, but are associated with high healthcare costs due to substantial disease burden. globally, the estimated average total cost of treatment for children with these conditions is approximately $40,500/person/year. other animals fatty foods may cause canine pancreatitis in dogs.