list of hematologic conditions list of hematologic conditions there are many conditions of or affecting the human hematologic system—the biological system that includes plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, the major components of blood and the bone marrow. this is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completion. anemias the pale hand of a woman with severe anemia (left) in comparison to the normal hand of her husband (right) main article: anemia an anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells (rbcs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. however, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency. anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. there are several kinds of anemia, produced by a variety of underlying causes. anemia can be classified in a variety of ways, based on the morphology of rbcs, underlying etiologic mechanisms, and discernible clinical spectra, to mention a few. the three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss), excessive blood cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production (ineffective hematopoiesis). based on 2005-2006 estimates, the centers for disease control and prevention has stated that approximately 5.5 million americans a year are either admitted to a hospital or seen by a physician, with some form of anemia as their primary diagnosis. symptoms of anaemia include plummer–vinson syndrome, candidal infections. altered taste sensation, smooth, red painful burning sensation of tongue, filiform followed by fungiform papillae atrophy may also be seen. others include generalized stomatitis, angular cheilitis and gingivitis. oral manifestation of anemia include angular cheilitis, generalized stomatitis, candidiasis and gingivitis. there will be pallor of lips and oral mucosa. patients might have a smooth, red painful tongue, experience burning sensation of tongue or disturbed taste sensation. atrophy of filiform and fungiform papillae may also occur. nutritional anemias a nutritional anemia is a type of anemia that can be directly attributed to either a nutritional disorder or a nutritional deficiency. condition name icd-10 coding number diseases database coding number medical subject headings iron-deficiency anemiad50 6947 iron-deficiency anemia (or iron deficiency anaemia) is a common anemia that occurs when iron loss (often from intestinal bleeding or menses) occurs, and/or the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient. in such a state, hemoglobin, which contains iron, cannot be formed. plummer–vinson syndromed50.1 10134 plummer–vinson syndrome (pvs), also called paterson–brown–kelly syndrome or sideropenic dysphagia presents as a triad of dysphagia (due to esophageal webs), glossitis, and iron-deficiency anemia. it most usually occurs in postmenopausal women. vitamin b12 deficiency anemiae53.8 13905 vitamin b12 deficiency anemia occurs when a "lower-than-normal" amount of the vitamin b12 is available within the body, leading to a decreased production of healthy red blood cells. vitamin b12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiencyd51.0 vitamin b12 deficiency is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, as seen in pernicious anemia, causes a vitamin b12 deficiency. pernicious anemiad51.0 9870 pernicious anemia (also known as macrocytic achylic anemia, congenital pernicious anemia, juvenile pernicious anemia, and vitamin b12 deficiency) is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. it is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin b12. pernicious anemia is the result of inadequate production of the protein intrinsic factor needed by the body to absorb vitamin b 12, causing a reduction of new red blood cells. vitamin b 12 deficiency anemia due to selective vitamin b 12 malabsorption with proteinuria vitamin b 12 deficiency anemia due to selective vitamin b 12 malabsorption with proteinuria (also known as imerslund-gräsbeck syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which requires the indefinite administration of vitamin b12 injections. megaloblastic hereditary anemiad51.1, d52.0, d53.1 29507 megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of dna synthesis in red blood cell production. transcobalamin ii deficiencyd51.2 transcobalamin ii deficiency (tcii) (also known as hereditary transcobalamin ii deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in neurological dysfunction. transcobalamin ii are a type of carrier proteins which bind with plasma vitamin b12 (cobalamin) in the production of red blood cells. folate-deficiency anemiad52 e53.8 4894 folate-deficiency anemia (also known as dietary folate-deficiency anemia) is a condition that develops when the body does not have the adequate supply of folic acid available that is needed for the production of new healthy blood cells. nutritional megaloblastic anemiad51.1, d52.0, d53.1 29507d000749 nutritional megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of dna synthesis in red blood cell production. drug-induced folate deficiency anemiad52.1 protein-deficiency anemia protein deficiency anemia is an anemia that results from an inadequate intake of dietary protein. scurvye54 13930 scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin c, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. non-nutritional (hemolytic, aplastic and other) anemias condition name icd-10 coding number diseases database coding number medical subject headings acanthocytosis acanthocytosis can refer generally to the presence of this type of crenated red blood cell, such as may be found in severe cirrhosis or pancreatitis,: 150 but can refer specifically to abetalipoproteinemia, a clinical condition with acanthocytic red blood cells, neurologic problems and steatorrhea.: 2464 this particular cause of acanthocytosis (also known as abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein b deficiency, and bassen-kornzweig syndrome) is a rare, genetically inherited, autosomal recessive condition due to the inability to fully digest dietary fats in the intestines as a result of various mutations of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mttp) gene. acute posthemorrhagic anemiad62.0 acute posthemorrhagic anemia (also known as acute blood loss anemia) is a condition in which a person quickly loses a large volume of circulating hemoglobin. acute blood loss is usually associated with an incident of trauma or a severe injury resulting in a large loss of blood. it can also occur during or after a surgical procedure. alpha-thalassemiad56.0 448, 33334, 33678 alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is a form of thalassemia involving the genes hba1 and hba2. it is condition that causes a reduction of hemoglobin production. there are two types of alpha-thalassemia, named hemoglobin bart hydrops fetalis syndrome (also known as hb bart syndrome) and hbh disease. anemiad50-d64 663 anemia is a type of medical condition that results in a decrease in the number of red blood cells (rbcs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. anemia of chronic disease anemia of chronic disease (acd) (also known as anemia of inflammatory response) is a condition where the body converts iron into unused ferrin, causing a drop in hemoglobin production, and as a result; decreased red blood cell production and count. this is caused by a natural defense mechanism initiated by an inflammatory response in response to the underlying chronic disease. anemia in kidney disease and dialysis anemia in kidney disease and dialysis results from the diseased kidney's inability to produce enough of the hormone erythropoietin. erythropoietin is used to stimulate an adequate production of red blood cells from the bone marrow. anemia of prematurityp61.2 anemia of prematurity is a form of anemia affecting preterm infants with decreased hematocrit. aplastic anemiad60-d61 866 aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. autoimmune hemolytic anemiad59.0-d59.1 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (aiha) is a type of hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (rbcs), leading to their destruction (hemolysis). types of aiha include warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin disease, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. beta-thalassemiad56.1 3087 beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is an autosomal dominant blood condition that results in the reduction of hemoglobin production. the cause for the disorder is related to a genetic mutation of the hbb gene. this gene is responsible for providing the instructions to produce beta-globin; one of the major components of hemoglobin. the two classification types of beta thalassemia are thalassemia major (also known as cooley's anemia) and thalassemia intermedia. diamond–blackfan anemiad61.0 29062 diamond–blackfan anemia (dba), (also known as blackfan–diamond anemia and inherited erythroblastopenia) is a congenital erythroid aplasia that usually presents in infancy. congenital dyserythropoietic anemiad64.4 congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (cda) is a generically inherited autosomal recessive (types i and ii) or autosomal dominant (type iii) blood disorder that affects the normal maturation process of red blood cell production. mutations to the cdan1 gene (type i), sec23b gene (type ii), and a currently unknown gene for type iii causes a disruption in the normal formation of erythropoiesis, thereby causing a reduction of circulating healthy mature red blood cells. drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemiad59.0 drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia in which a mediated immune response triggers igg and igm antibody production in regards to the presence of high doses of penicillin via the hapten mechanism causing the reduction of red blood cells in the spleen. drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyd55.0 19674d005955 hemoglobinopathyd58.2 5037 hemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. hemoglobinopathies are inherited single-gene disorders; in most cases, they are inherited as autosomal co-dominant traits. hemoglobinopathies imply structural abnormalities in the globin proteins themselves. hemoglobinopathy variants include sickle-cell disease. hemolytic anemiad55-d59 5534 hemolytic anemia (also known as haemolytic anaemia) is an anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. a number of different mediating factors can cause this condition; either from within the blood cell itself (intrinsic factors) or outside of the cell (extrinsic factors). congenital hemolytic anemia fanconi anemiad61.0 4745d005199 fanconi anemia is a rare genetic autosomal recessive aplastic anemia that involves chromosomes 9q and 20q. hereditary spherocytosisd58.0 5827 hereditary spherocytosis is a genetically-transmitted (autosomal dominant) form of spherocytosis, an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped (donut-shaped), and therefore more prone to hemolysis. hereditary elliptocytosisd58.1 4172 hereditary elliptocytosis (he) (also known as ovalocytosis), is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of circulating red blood cells are elliptical or cigar shaped rather than the typical biconcave disc shape. it is caused in part by mutations in the formation of specific spectrin tetramers or proteins responsible for giving the red blood cell its shape and elasticity causing continued deformation as the cell matures. subtypes of this condition include southeast asian ovalocytosis and spherocytic elliptocytosis. hereditary pyropoikilocytosis hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (hpp) is an autosomal recessive form of hemolytic anemia which typically presents at infancy or early childhood, characterized by abnormal red blood cell morphology including "budding red cells, fragmented red cells, spherocytes, elliptocytes, triangular cells, and other bizarre-shaped red cells." acquired hemolytic anemia cold hemagglutinin diseased59.1 2949 cold hemagglutinin disease (also known as cold agglutinin disease and autoimmune anemia due to cold-reactive antibodies)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating antibodies, usually igm, directed against red blood cells. it is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically one in which antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31 °c. paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuriad59.6 9679 paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (pch) (also known as donath-landsteiner syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by the sudden presence of hemoglobin in the urine (called hemoglobinuria), typically after exposure to cold temperatures. hemolytic-uremic syndromed59.3 13052 hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) (also known as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome) is a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure (uremia) and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). it predominantly but not exclusively affects children. most cases are preceded by an episode of diarrhea caused by e. coli o157:h7, which is acquired as a foodborne illness. hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin hereditary stomatocytosisd58.8 29710 hereditary stomatocytosis is a classification of inherited autosomal dominant human conditions which affect the red blood cell, in which the membrane or outer coating of the cell 'leaks' sodium and potassium ions, causing cell lyses and eventual haemolytic anaemia. hexokinase deficiencyd55.2 hexokinase deficiency (also known as human erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency) is an anemia-causing condition associated with inadequate hexokinase. hyperanaemia hypochromic anemia hypochromic anemia is any type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are paler than normal. this is caused by a proportionally reduced amount of hemoglobin present in relation to the size of the red blood