del medio ambiente (sema) with the responsibility of setting the national environmental regulatory policy and to also enforce its compliance. as of 1998, land use regulations rested with the administracion nacional de acueductos y alcantarillados (anda) but these regulations were lacking the necessary enforcement tools. although there is a general lack of enforcement, laws for regulating discharge of domestic and industrial wastes exist, but only for new industries. legal framework 1961: law of the national administration for water supply and sanitation (anda) was passed to create anda. 2007: approval procedure by act 2095 for the revision of technical plans to introduce a certification process for feasible drinking water projects. institutional framework anda (administración nacional de acueductos y alcantarillados) is the national administration for water supply and sanitation. the mission of anda is to provide adequate supplies of water for human consumption in quantities demanded by consumers and to treat sewage. dgfcr (general directorate of forestry, river basin and irrigation management) is under the ministry of farming and agriculture and is in charge of generating and distributing information, providing technical and legal assistance about water resources, and implementing programs contributing to the sustainable development of water resources in el salvador. the irrigation and drainage division of dgfcr is in charge of administrating and regulating the irrigation systems. cel (comisión ejecutiva hidroeléctrica del río lempa) is the lempa river executive hydroelectric commission whose role is to develop and utilize the hydroelectric potential of the country. snet (servicio nacional de estudios territoriales) conducts national studies on many sectors. specific to water resources, their focus is on the following: monitoring and evaluation of contaminated waters and related health risks, vulnerability to aquifers and contamination due to over-exploitation, and analysis of floods, water availability, equity of water supplies, and the effects of climate change on water resources. marn is the ministry of environment and natural resources created in 1997, is the environmental authority in the country. among other functions it oversees el salvador's commitments to the united nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc) and other climate change related actions. fisdl (fondo de inversion social de el salvador) is the social investment fund of el salvador and supplies the materials and expertise needed for the development and construction of ground and surface water supply projects for rural areas. mspas (ministerio de salud pública y asistencia social) is the public health and social assistance ministry and is responsible for financing small infrastructure projects and the provision of equipment for health, potable water, sanitation, and other programs. their mission is to reduce the negative effects of failing infrastructures, namely those existing in communities experiencing extreme poverty. cooperation with guatemala and honduras the upper watershed of the lempa river is shared by guatemala, el salvador, and honduras, as outlined in the trifinio plan, which was established and signed by the aforementioned countries to address economic and environmental problems in the lempa river basin, and foster cooperation and regional integration. the trifinio plan or treaty sought to provide a more viable and effective alternative to unilateral development thereby concentrating on greater multinational integration. the trifinio region covers an area of about 7,500 km2 in the border areas of honduras, guatemala, and el salvador. the region is made up of 45 municipalities whereby 22 belong to honduras within the departments of ocotepeque and copán, 15 are situated in guatemala corresponding to the departments of chiquimula and jutiapa, and 8 are in the departments of santa ana and chalatenango in el salvador. in the early stages of the trifinio plan's development, the commission studied three international river basins, and in 1987 they developed a new plan involving the lempa river basin, the ulúa river, and the motagua river. however, the motagua and ulúa rivers were eventually dropped, leaving the lempa river as the trifinio plan's primary focus. in 1996, the governments of el salvador, honduras, and guatemala signed an agreement to cooperate on formulating a development plan for their shared boundary region. in 1998, the signatories completed the central american action plan for integrated development of water resources to combat water pollution and promote the sustainable development of central america's shared water resources by jointly developing watershed management plans. these plans included reforestation efforts which concluded in the second phase of the trifinio plan in 1997. by 2000 new efforts were initiated to begin managing the upper lempa river basin. ramsar wetland sites in el salvador lake olomegalake olomegashow map of el salvadorlake olomegashow map of central americalocationsouth-eastern el salvadorcoordinates13°19′n 88°04′wprimary inflowsrío grande de san miguelbasin countriesel salvador wetlands in el salvador serve many crucial water management services such as flood control, groundwater replenishment, natural water purification, and are also productive fish and shrimp ecosystems. the wetlands within the bahía de jiquilisco for example are primarily mangrove forests that serve to protect against tidal surges when hurricanes and tropical storms strike. without these forests, tidal surges would lead to the salination of fresh groundwater further inland which would contaminate supplies for domestic and agricultural uses. the ramsar convention wetland sites: complejo bahía de jiquilisco in the state of usulután (63,500 ha, 156,911 acres) embalse cerrón grande in chalatenango, san salvador, cuscatlán, cabañas (60,698 ha, 150,000 acres) laguna de olomega in the states of san miguel and la unión (7,557 ha, 18,673 acres) area natural protegida laguna del jocotal (1,571 ha, 3,882 acres) potential climate change impacts the global climate risk index constructed for the period between 1997 and 2006 and covering both human and economic impacts, ranks el salvador the 30th most at risk country in the world. according to climate scenarios developed by researchers for el salvador, the following (below) climate changes are likely to occur between 2070 and 2099 and adversely impact groundwater, hydropower output, and flood control management efforts. average temperatures will rise be between 1.9-3.4 °c increasing likelihood of drought significant temperature increases will occur in june and july precipitation decreases early in rainy season reducing infiltration to groundwater supplies greatest decrease in precipitation in may–july average inflows to the major reservoirs will decline by 13-24% the greatest declines in reservoir inflow will be between july–august and be around 21 to 41% affecting hydropower output and irrigation supplies drop in hydropower generation capability may range from 33% to 53% near the end of the 21st century sea level increase: it is probable that the sea level will increase 20 cm by 2030, 40 cm by 2040, and up to 70 cm by 2100. this will contaminate coastal groundwater with high concentrations of saline water and greatly reduce supply for domestic and agricultural uses. the drought response and mitigation project in el salvador, implemented by the red cross in 2002 helped to mitigate the effects of droughts affecting the country. the objective of this initiative was to increase the capacity of subsistence farmers in the east of the country to better respond to adverse effects of climate conditions, by providing technical assistance to diversify and market crops, reforestation using fruit trees, use of organic fertilizers and small scale irrigation systems.