(rare). pembrolizumabivanti-pd-1 monoclonal antibody.melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, hodgkin lymphoma, and stomach cancer.fatigue, rash, itchiness (pruritus), diarrhea, nausea, joint pain (arthralgia). pertuzumabivher2 inhibitor.her2-positive breast cancer.anaphylaxis, cardiac dysfunction and anaemia. rituximabivanti-cd20 antibody.cd20-positive b cell non-hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitisinfusion-related reactions, neutropenia, arrhythmias, infection, thrombocytopenia (uncommon), anaemia (uncommon), angina (uncommon), myocardial infarction (uncommon), heart failure (uncommon), haemolytic anaemia (rare), aplastic anaemia (rare), serum sickness (rare), severe skin conditions (rare), pulmonary infiltrates (rare), pneumonitis (rare), cranial neuropathy (vision or hearing loss; rare) and progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (rare). tositumomabivanti-cd20 antibody which is tagged with i131.non-hodgkin's lymphomagrade 3-4 cytopenias, methaemoglobinaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, anaphylaxis and hyperthyroidism. trastuzumabivanti-her2 antibody.her2-positive breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer (orphan) and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.cardiac dysfunction, infusion-related reactions, peripheral neuropathy and pulmonary toxicity (rare). 2.2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinibpoegfr, her2 and her4 inhibitor.non-small cell lung cancer.diarrhoea, hypokalaemia, interstitial lung disease and hepatotoxicity. afliberceptivvegf and pgf inhibitor.colorectal cancer.myelosuppression, hypertension, dehydration, blood clots, gi perforation and reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (uncommon). axitinibpomultikinase inhibitor.renal cell carcinomahypertension, thyroid dysfunction, blood clots, electrolyte disturbances, gi perforation (rare), fistula formation (rare), reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (rare) and polycythaemia (uncommon). bosutinibpobcr-abl and src kinase inhibitor.chronic myeloid leukaemiadiarrhoea, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, qt interval prolongation, kidney failure, pleural effusion, pericarditis (uncommon/rare), acute pancreatitis (uncommon/rare), gi haemorrhage (uncommon/rare), anaphylactic shock (uncommon/rare), acute pulmonary oedema (uncommon/rare), respiratory failure (uncommon/rare), pulmonary hypertension (uncommon/rare) and erythema multiforme (uncommon/rare). crizotinibpoalk, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (hgfr, c-met), and recepteur d'origine nantais (ron) inhibitor.non-small cell lung cancerlymphopenia, neutropenia, hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, peripheral neuropathy, blood clots, qt interval prolongation, bradycardia, pneumonia, pneumonitis, kidney cyst, ards and liver failure. dasatinibpobcr-abl, src family, c-kit, epha2 and pdgfr-β kinase inhibitor.philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.fluid retention, myelosuppression, haemorrhage, hypertension, electrolyte anomalies, cardiac dysfunction (rare), heart failure (rare), myocardial infarction, arrhythmia (rare), prolonged qt interval (rare), kidney failure (rare), hypersensitivity (rare) and hepatic failure (rare). erlotinibpoegfr inhibitor.non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.skin reactions, diarrhoea, gi bleeds, anaemia, dehydration, interstitial lung disease (uncommon), hepatic failure (rare), hepatorenal syndrome (rare), gi perforation (rare) and ulcerative keratitis (rare). gefitinibpoegfr inhibitor.egfr-mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.skin reactions, diarrhoea, dehydration, haemorrhage, interstitial lung disease (uncommon), pancreatitis (uncommon), hepatitis (uncommon), allergy (uncommon), hepatic failure (rare), toxic epidermal necrolysis (rare) and stevens–johnson syndrome (rare). imatinibpobcr-abl kinase inhibitor.philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, gi stromal tumour and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases.myelosuppression, fluid retention, gi bleeding, electrolyte anomalies, left ventricular dysfunction (uncommon), heart failure (uncommon), pulmonary oedema (uncommon), kidney failure (uncommon), angiooedema (rare), anaphylaxis (rare), gi perforation (rare), hepatotoxicity (rare), avascular necrosis (rare), myopathy (rare) and rhabdomyolysis (rare). lapatinibpoher2 inhibitor.her2-positive breast cancer, stomach cancer (orphan) and oesophageal cancer (orphan).diarrhoea, interstitial lung disease (uncommon), hepatotoxicity (uncommon) and anaphylaxis (rare). nilotinibpobcr-abl kinase inhibitor.chronic myeloid leukaemia.myelosuppression, electrolyte disturbances, hyperglycaemia, prolonged qt interval (uncommon), peripheral arterial occlusive disease (uncommon), pancreatitis (uncommon), pleural effusion (uncommon) and pericardial effusion (uncommon). pazopanibpomultikinase inhibitor, including c-kit, fgfr, pdgfr and vegfr.renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma.hypertension, qt interval prolongation, haemorrhage, blood clots, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone, hypothyroidism, electrolyte disturbances, hypo- or hyperglycaemia, torsades de pointes (uncommon), heart failure (uncommon), hepatic failure (uncommon), gi perforation (uncommon), fistula formation (uncommon) and reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (rare). ponatinibpomultikinase inhibitor (begfr, pdgfr, fgfr, eph receptors and src families of kinases, and kit, ret, tie2 and flt3), that also inhibits t135i bcr-abl kinase.t135i positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.hypertension, neutropenia, leucopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, pleural effusion, heart failure, peripheral neuropathy, haemorrhage, blood clots, pancreatitis and infection. regorafenibpomultikinase inhibitor for ret, vegfr1, vegfr2, vegfr3, kit, pdgfr-alpha, pdgfr-beta, fgfr1, fgfr2, tie2, ddr2, trk2a, eph2a, raf-1, braf, brafv600e, sapk2, ptk5, and bcr-abl.colorectal cancer and gi stromal tumours.anaemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, electrolyte anomalies, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, hypothyroidism, neutropenia, myocardial ischaemia or infarction. ruxolitinibpojak1 and jak2 inhibitor.myelofibrosis and pancreatic cancer (orphan).anaemia and thrombocytopenia. sorafenibpomultikinase inhibitor (including vegf and pdgf receptor kinases).renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.hypertension, skin reactions, bleeding, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, peripheral neuropathy, thyroid dysfunction, electrolyte anomalies, myocardial ischaemia or infarctions, heart failure (uncommon), gi perforation (uncommon), pancreatitis (uncommon), reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (rare), hepatitis (rare), nephrotic syndrome (rare) and prolonged qt interval (rare). sunitinibpomultikinase inhibitor (including vegf & pdgf receptor tyrosine kinases)renal cell carcinoma, gi stromal tumour and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumourneutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, blood clots, thyroid dysfunction, electrolyte anomalies, pancreatitis (uncommon), hepatic failure (uncommon), prolonged qt interval (rare), torsades de pointes (rare), gi perforation (rare), fistula formation (rare), seizures (rare), reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (rare), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (rare), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (rare), nephrotic syndrome (rare), hypersensitivity (rare), angiooedema (rare), toxic epidermal necrolysis (rare) and stevens–johnson syndrome (rare). vandetanibpotyrosine kinase inhibitor (tki) with selective activity against ret, vegfr-2 and egfrmedullary thyroid cancer.diarrhoea, hypertension, qt interval prolongation, depression, electrolyte anomalies, hypothyroidism and gi perforation (uncommon). 2.3 mtor inhibitors everolimuspomtor inhibitor.renal cell cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and breast cancerpleural effusion, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, bleeding, kidney failure, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, pneumonitis, impaired wound healing (uncommon), anaphylaxis (rare) and angiooedema (rare). temsirolimusivmtor inhibitor.renal cell cancer and mantle cell lymphoma.infusion reactions, impaired wound healing, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, bleeding, kidney failure, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, pneumonitis, bowel perforation (uncommon) and intracerebral bleeding and stevens–johnson syndrome (rare). 2.4 retinoids alitretinointopicalretinoic acid receptor (rar) and retinoid x receptor (rxr) agonist.kaposi's sarcoma.oedema, rashes bexarotenepo, topicalrxr agonist.cutaneous t cell lymphomaleucopenia, anaemia, lactic dehydrogenase increased, hypochromic anaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesteraemia, hypothyroidism, haemorrhage, hypertension and kidney dysfunction. isotretinoinpo, topicalrxr & rar agonist.neuroblastoma and acne.topical: skin reactions, blood lipid anomalies, increased platelet count and osteoporosis. oral: anaemia, red blood cell sedimentation rate increased, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, neutropenia, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricaemia, psychiatric disturbances (rare), convulsions (very rare), conjunctivitis, vasculitis (very rare), gi haemorrhage (very rare), hepatitis (very rare), erythema multiforme, stevens–johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, arthritis (very rare), rhabdomyolysis and glomerulonephritis (very rare). tamibaroteneporar agonist.refractory acute promyelocytic leukaemia and alzheimer's disease.hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver damage, leucocytosis and differentiation syndrome. tretinoinpo, topicalrxr & rar agonist.acne and acute promyelocytic leukaemia.oral: differentiation syndrome, hyperleucocytosis, elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, arrhythmias, pancreatitis, elevated liver enzymes, thrombosis, intracranial hypertension and pseudotumour cerebri (mainly in children), anxiety, depression and genital ulceration (rare). topical: erythema. 2.4 immunomodulatory agents (imids) lenalidomideponumerous actions; anti-angiogenesis (via inhibition of vegf release), anti-tnf, il-6 and pro-il-2, ifn-γ effects. also stimulates t cells and apoptosis in cancer cells.multiple myelomablood clots, neutropenia (dose-limiting), thrombocytopenia (dose-limiting), anaemia, infection, hypotension, hypokalaemia, hypothyroidism, stevens–johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity and secondary malignancies (mostly myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia). pomalidomidepoas above.multiple myeloma and systemic sclerosis (orphan).neutropenia, anaemia, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcaemia, hyperglycaemia, kidney failure, lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, peripheral neuropathy and thromboembolism. thalidomidepoas above.multiple myeloma, erythema nodosum leprosum and the following orphan indications: graft versus host disease, mycobacterial infection, recurrent aphthous ulcers, severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis, primary brain malignancies, hiv-associated wasting syndrome, crohn's disease, kaposi's sarcoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.peripheral neuropathy, depression, thromboembolism, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, leucopenia, hypothyroidism, thrombocytopenia (uncommon), stevens–johnson syndrome (rare), toxic epidermal necrolysis (rare), pneumonitis (rare), hepatotoxicity (rare) and hearing loss (rare). 2.5 histone deacetylase inhibitors panobinostataddaddaddadd romidepsinivhistone deacetylase inhibitor, hence inducing alterations in gene expression in the affected cells.peripheral and cutaneous t cell lymphoma.electrolyte anomalies, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and ecg anomalies. valproatepo, ivas above.migraine prophylaxis, mania, epilepsy, fragile x syndrome (orphan), familial adenomatous polyposis (orphan) and the following off-label uses: cervical cancer, melanoma, mesothelioma, acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.hyperammonaemia, thrombocytopenia, polycystic ovaries, siadh (uncommon), hepatic failure (rare), pancreatitis (rare), leucopenia (rare), neutropenia (rare), pure red cell aplasia (rare), agranulocytosis (rare), extrapyramidal syndrome (rare), reduced bmd with long-term use, pleural effusion (rare) and multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction (rare). vorinostatpoas above.as per romidepsin.thrombocytopenia, anaemia, qt interval prolongation and pulmonary embolism. 2.6 other agents anagrelidepophosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor.essential thrombocythaemiafluid retention, palpitations, tachycardia, hepatotoxicity (uncommon), heart failure (uncommon), hypertension (uncommon), arrhythmia (uncommon), syncope (uncommon), cardiomyopathy (rare), cardiomegaly (rare), mi (rare), pulmonary hypertension (rare), interstitial lung disease (rare) and pancreatitis (rare). arsenic trioxideivnot fully understood. induces partial differentiation and promotes apoptosis of leukaemic cells and may also inhibit angiogenesis.refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia. orphan indications include: acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, malignant glioma, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, liver cancer and chronic myeloid leukaemia.differentiation syndrome, hyperleucocytosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, ventricular tachycardia, prolonged qt interval, torsades de pointes, complete atrioventricular block, peripheral neuropathy, hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, elevation of bilirubin or aminotransferases, hepatotoxicity and secondary malignancies. asparaginaseim, ivcatalyses the conversion of the amino acid l-asparagine to aspartic acid and thereby reduces the availability of l-asparagine to leukaemic cells. unlike normal cells, certain types of leukaemic cells do not synthesise l-asparagine, which is essential for cell growth and survival.acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma.allergic reactions, haemorrhagic and thrombotic events, uraemia, pancreatitis, hyperglycaemia, hyperammonaemia, acute kidney failure and diabetic ketoacidosis. bcg vaccineiblive, attenuated mycobacterium bovis, which produces a local inflammatory reaction, resulting in elimination or reduction of superficial tumour lesions of the bladder.bladder cancercystitis, bcg infection and contracted bladder. denileukin diftitoxivinterleukin 2 combined with diphtheria toxin which binds to the interleukin receptor on immune cells and introduces the diphtheria toxin into the cell.cutaneous t cell lymphoma and peripheral t cell lymphoma (orphan).infusion reactions, hypocalcaemia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury (uncommon/rare), hyper/hypothyroidism (uncommon/rare), pancreatitis (uncommon/rare) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (uncommon/rare). vemurafenibpobraf kinase inhibitor.braf kinase mutation v600e-positive metastatic melanoma.skin reactions, secondary malignancies (mostly squamous cell carcinoma), anaphylaxis (rare) and hypotension (rare). abbreviations/acronyms: im – intramuscular. iv – intravenous. ia – intra-arterial. sc – subcutaneous. po – per os, oral. ip – intrapleural. ib – intrabladder. preg. cat. - pregnancy category. the preferred pregnancy category is australian, but if it is unavailable the pregnancy category given is american. notes its use in cancer treatment is purely investigational at present there is no inn for arsenic trioxide, just the usan there is no inn for asparaginase, only a usan there is no inn for bcg main article: chemotherapy