staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). gram-negative species such as pseudomonas sp., enterobacteriaceae are also commonly found. with multi-species biofilms also commonly encountered. if an infection settles on a mesh, administration of antibiotics is commonly ineffective, due to the blood-mesh barrier, and removal of the mesh will be required for over 40% of the deep surgical site infections. scanning electron micrograph of electrospun bicomponent nanofibrous mesh incorporating poly(hexamethylene biguanide) and 5-chloro-8-quinolinol. the sem micrograph presents the bactericidal effect of bicomponent nanofibers incorporating a dual drug-eluting antimicrobial system against s. aureus and p. aeruginosa. from a material science perspective, a mesh can play a passive role towards antibacterial protection through its architecture, or an active role by combining therapeutics in the mesh's composition. for instance, monofilament meshes have been found to be twice as unlikely to adhere bacteria than multifilament meshes. as a drug delivery system, a hernia mesh can be used to deliver antibiotics, antiseptics, antimicrobials, antimicrobial peptides or nanoparticles. different techniques can be used to implement the integration of such substances, including dipping/soaking, physical coating, chemical surface functionalization and electrospinning. fda approved antimicrobial hernia meshes mycromesh and dualmesh plus by gore xenmatrix surgical graft by bd ventrio hernia patch by bd