if we all come under this one great metaphysical category 'the disabled'. the effect of this is a depersonalization, a sweeping dismissal of our individuality, and a denial of our right to be seen as people with our own uniqueness, rather than as the anonymous constituents of a category or group. these words that lump us all together – 'the disabled', 'spina bifida', 'tetraplegic', 'muscular dystrophy', – are nothing more than terminological rubbish bins into which all the important things about us as people get thrown away. economic aspects the social model also relates to economic empowerment, proposing that people can be disabled by a lack of resources to meet their needs. for example, a disabled person may need support services to be able to participate fully in society, and can become disabled if society cuts access to those support services, perhaps in the name of government austerity measures. the social model addresses other issues, such as the underestimation of the potential of disabled people to contribute to society and add economic value to society if they are given equal rights and equally suitable facilities and opportunities as others. economic research on companies that attempt to accommodate disability in their workforce suggest they outperform competitors. in autumn 2001, the uk office for national statistics identified that approximately one-fifth of the working-age population was disabled, equating to an estimated 7.1 million disabled people, compared to an estimated 29.8 million nondisabled people. this analysis also provided insight into some of the reasons why disabled people weren't in the labor market, such as that the reduction in disability benefits in entering the labor market would not make it worthwhile to enter into employment. a three-pronged approach was suggested: "incentives to work via the tax and benefit system, for example through the disabled person's tax credit; helping people back into work, for example via the new deal for disabled people; and tackling discrimination in the workplace via anti-discrimination policy. underpinning this are the disability discrimination act (dda) 1995 and the disability rights commission." canada and the united states have operated under the premise that social assistance benefits should not exceed the amount of money earned through labour in order to give citizens an incentive to search for and maintain employment. this has led to widespread poverty amongst disabled citizens. in the 1950s, disability pensions were established and included various forms of direct economic assistance; however, compensation was low. since the 1970s, both governments have viewed unemployed, disabled citizens as excess labor due to continuous high unemployment rates and have made minimal attempts to increase employment, keeping disabled people at poverty-level incomes due to the 'incentive' principle. poverty is the most debilitating circumstance disabled people face, resulting in the inability to afford proper medical, technological and other assistance necessary to participate in society. law and public policy in the united kingdom, the disability discrimination act defines disability using the medical model - disabled people are defined as people with certain conditions or limitations on their ability to carry out "normal day-to-day activities." but the requirement of employers and service providers to make "reasonable adjustments" to their policies or practices, or physical aspects of their premises, follows the social model. by making adjustments, employers and service providers are removing the barriers that disable, according to the social model. in 2006, amendments to the act called for local authorities and others to actively promote disability equality; this was enforced via the formation of the disability equality duty in december 2006. in 2010, the disability discrimination act (1995) was amalgamated into the equality act 2010, along with other pertinent discrimination legislation. the equality act of 2010 extends the law on discrimination to indirect discrimination. for example, if a carer of a disabled person is discriminated against, this is now also unlawful. since october 2010, when it came into effect, employers may not legally ask questions about illness or disability at interviews for a job or for a referee to comment on such in a reference, except where there is a need to make reasonable adjustments for an interview to proceed. following an offer of a job, an employer can lawfully ask such questions. in the united states, the americans with disabilities act of 1990 (ada), is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability in a wide range of settings. the ada was the first civil rights law of its kind in the world and affords protections against discrimination to disabled americans. the law was modeled after the civil rights act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. it requires that mass transportation, commercial buildings, and public accommodations be accessible to disabled people. in 2007, the european court of justice in the chacón navas v eurest colectividades sa court case, defined disability narrowly according to a medical definition that excluded temporary illness, when considering the directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (council directive 2000/78/ec). the directive did not provide for any definition of disability, despite discourse in policy documents previously in the eu about endorsing the social model of disability. this allowed the court of justice to take a narrow medical definition. technology over the last several decades, technology has transformed networks, services, and communication by promoting the rise of telecommunications, computer use, etc. this digital revolution has changed how people work, learn, and interact, moving these basic human activities to technological platforms. however, many people who use such technology experience a form of disability. even if it is not physically visible, those with, for example cognitive impairments, hand tremors, or vision impairments, have some form of disability that prohibit them from fully accessing technology in the way that those without a "technological disability" do. in "disability and new media," katie ellis and mike kent state that "technology is often presented as a source of liberation; however, developments associated with web 2.0 show that this is not always the case." they go on to state that the technological advancement of web 2.0 is tethered to social ideology and stigma which "routinely disables people with disability." in "digital disability: the social construction of disability in new media," gregg goggin and christopher newell call for an innovative understanding of new media and disability issues. they trace developments ranging from telecommunications to assistive technologies to offer a technoscience of disability ,which offers a global perspective on how disabled people are represented as users, consumers, viewers, or listeners of new media, by policymakers, corporations, programmers, and disabled people themselves. social construction of disability the social construction of disability comes from a paradigm that suggests that society's beliefs about a particular community, group, or population are grounded in the power structures inherent in that society at any given time. these are often steeped in historical representations of the issue and social expectations surrounding concepts, such as disability, thereby enabling a social construct around what society deems disabled and healthy. ideas surrounding disability stem from societal attitudes, often connected to who is deserving or undeserving, and deemed productive to society at any given time. for example, in the medieval period, a person's moral behavior established disability. disability was a divine punishment or side effect of a moral failing; being physically or biologically different was not enough to be considered disabled. only during the european enlightenment did society change its definition of disability to be more related to biology. however, what most western europeans considered to be healthy determined the new biological definition of health. 2000 paralympics since the invention of the television in the early 1900s, this medium has held a pervasive influence on public outlook on many aspects of society, disability being one of them. one example is how the 2000 paralympics were televised, in contrast to the olympics. the 2000 sydney paralympic games, one of the biggest in history, was barely acknowledged by mainstream media prior to the event. the sydney paralympic organizers worked extensively to try to solicit coverage of the games. for more than two years, they negotiated with channel 7 to broadcast the competitions. channel 7 proposed that if the paralympics paid them $3 million in case of lack of advertising revenue, they would agree to broadcast the event. eventually, the australian broadcasting company (abc) and channel 7 announced they would be broadcasting the games and channel 7 would "complement" the coverage with a highlights package that ran daily on its pay-tv channel. abc also promised to broadcast at least 60 minutes of daily highlights. later, abc finally agreed to air a live broadcast of the opening and closing ceremonies. the opening and closing ceremonies were quite popular amongst viewers, watched by 2.5 million; however the rest of the games were not popular. while the olympics were covered live throughout the entire event, the paralympics were not seen as important enough for the same live coverage before the initial showing. by separating the olympics and paralympics, and thus indicating that one is less valuable than the other, disability is socially constructed. applications applying the social model of disability can change goals and care plans. for example, with the medical model of disability, the goal may be to help a child acquire typical abilities and to reduce impairment. with the social model, the goal may be to have a child be included in the normal life of the community, such as attending birthday parties and other social events, regardless of the level of function. education it has been suggested that disability education tries to restore the idea of a moral community, one in which the members question what constitutes a good life, reimagine education, see physical and mental conditions as part of a range of abilities, consider that different talents are distributed in different ways, and understand that all talents should be recognized. in this system, all students would be included in the educational network instead of being set apart as special cases, and it would be acknowledged that all humans have individual needs.