alloherpesviridae alloherpesviridae alloherpesviridae is a family of viruses in the order herpesvirales. this family includes the species that infect fish and amphibians. phylogenetic studies have confirmed the validity of this family and suggest that it may be divided into two clades: one consisting of viruses from cyprinid and anguillid hosts and the other of viruses from ictalurid, salmonid, acipenserid, and ranid hosts. there are currently 13 species in this family, divided among four genera. a disease associated with this family includes channel catfish disease. alloherpesviridae tem micrograph on an alloherpesvirus, 'pilchard herpesvirus' virus classification (unranked): virus realm: duplodnaviria kingdom: heunggongvirae phylum: peploviricota class: herviviricetes order: herpesvirales family: alloherpesviridae genera see text taxonomy alloherpesviridae was established as a family in 2005. genera the family contains the following four genera: batrachovirus cyprinivirus ictalurivirus salmonivirus structure viruses in alloherpesviridae are enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical to pleomorphic geometries, and t=16 symmetry. the diameter is around 150–200 nm. genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 134-248kb in length. genusstructuresymmetrycapsidgenomic arrangementgenomic segmentation ictalurivirusspherical pleomorphict=16envelopedcircularmonopartite cyprinivirusspherical pleomorphict=16envelopedlinearmonopartite batrachovirusspherical pleomorphict=16envelopedlinearmonopartite salmonivirusspherical pleomorphict=16envelopedlinearmonopartite life cycle viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. dna-templated transcription is the method of transcription. fish serve as the natural host. transmission routes are passive diffusion. genushost detailstissue tropismentry detailsrelease detailsreplication siteassembly sitetransmission ictalurivirusfishnoneglycoprotiensbuddingnucleusnucleuspassive diffusion cyprinivirusfresh water eelnoneglycoprotiensbuddingcytoplasmcytoplasmpassive diffusion batrachovirusfrogsnoneglycoprotiensbuddingcytoplasmcytoplasmpassive diffusion salmonivirussalmonidaenoneglycoprotiensbuddingnucleusnucleuspassive diffusion genomics several genomes have been sequenced. cyprinid herpesviruses 1, 2 and 3 (cyhv1, cyhv2 and cyhv3) cause disease in common carp, goldfish and koi. their genomes are 291144, 290304 and 295146 base pairs in size. the overall organisation common to all three and consists of a unique central region flanked by a direct repeat at each end. 137, 150, and 155 unique, functional protein coding genes are present in the unique regions: of these six, four, and eight are duplicated in the terminal repeat. the genomes share 120 orthologous genes in a largely colinear arrangement. up to 55 of these latter genes are also conserved in the other member of cyprinivirus; anguillid herpesvirus 1. cyhv1, cyhv2, and cyhv3 have five, six and five families of paralogous genes.