nutritional assessment questionnaire (snaq) and functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy (faact). specific to the geriatric populace, the interrai system identifies detrimental conditions in assisted living facilities and nursing homes. even a simple screening for nutritional insufficiencies such as low levels of important vitamins, can help to identify someone who has anorexia of aging. anorexia in the elderly should be identified by the retirement communities but is often overlooked, especially in patients with dementia. some studies report that malnutrition is prevalent in nursing homes, with up to 58% of residents suffering from it, which can lead to the difficulty of identifying anorexia. one of the challenges with assisted living facilities is that they often serve bland, monotonous food, which lessens residents desire to eat. the treatment for anorexia of aging is undifferentiated as anorexia for any other age group. some of the treatment options include outpatient and inpatient facilities, antidepressant medication and behavioral therapy such as meal observation and discussing eating habits. male and female athletes are often overlooked as anorexic. research emphasizes the importance to take athletes' diet, weight and symptoms into account when diagnosing anorexia, instead of just looking at weight and bmi. for athletes, ritualized activities such as weigh-ins place emphasis on gaining and losing large amounts of weight, which may promote the development of eating disorders among them. while women use diet pills, which is an indicator of unhealthy behavior and an eating disorder, men use steroids, which contextualizes the beauty ideals for genders. in a canadian study, 4% of boys in grade nine used anabolic steroids. anorexic men are sometimes referred to as manorexic. history two images of an anorexic woman published in 1900 in "nouvelle iconographie de la salpêtrière". the case was titled "un cas d'anorexie hysterique" (a case of hysteric anorexia). the history of anorexia nervosa begins with descriptions of religious fasting dating from the hellenistic era and continuing into the medieval period. the medieval practice of self-starvation by women, including some young women, in the name of religious piety and purity also concerns anorexia nervosa; it is sometimes referred to as anorexia mirabilis. the earliest medical descriptions of anorexic illnesses are generally credited to english physician richard morton in 1689. case descriptions fitting anorexic illnesses continued throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. the term "anorexia nervosa" was coined in 1873 by sir william gull, one of queen victoria's personal physicians. gull published a seminal paper providing a number of detailed case descriptions of patients with anorexia nervosa. in the same year, french physician ernest-charles lasègue similarly published details of a number of cases in a paper entitled de l'anorexie hystérique. in the late 19th century anorexia nervosa became widely accepted by the medical profession as a recognized condition. awareness of the condition was largely limited to the medical profession until the latter part of the 20th century, when german-american psychoanalyst hilde bruch published the golden cage: the enigma of anorexia nervosa in 1978. despite major advances in neuroscience, bruch's theories tend to dominate popular thinking. a further important event was the death of the popular singer and drummer karen carpenter in 1983, which prompted widespread ongoing media coverage of eating disorders.