omega-3 fatty acid omega-3 fatty acid omega−3 fatty acids, also called omega-3 oils, ω−3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) characterized by the presence of a double bond, three atoms away from the terminal methyl group in their chemical structure. they are widely distributed in nature, being important constituents of animal lipid metabolism, and they play an important role in the human diet and in human physiology. the three types of omega−3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (ala), eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha). ala can be found in plants, while dha and epa are found in algae and fish. marine algae and phytoplankton are primary sources of omega−3 fatty acids. dha and epa accumulate in fish that eat these algae. common sources of plant oils containing ala include walnuts, edible seeds, and flaxseeds as well as hempseed oil, while sources of epa and dha include fish and fish oils, and algae oil.