a member of the hippie counterculture, which was very critical of substituted amphetamines, did an interview with the los angeles free press in which he commented that "speed is antisocial, paranoid making, it's a drag... all the nice gentle dope fiends are getting screwed up by the real horror monster frankenstein speed freaks who are going round stealing and bad-mouthing everybody". however, he also acknowledged that he had used speed to stay up all night writing. amphetamine is frequently mentioned in the works of american gonzo journalist hunter s. thompson, likely due to him mainly using dexedrine for his writing process from 1964 to about 1974; before he began to write mostly under the influence of cocaine. “speed” not only appears among the inventory of drugs thompson consumed for what could broadly be defined as recreational purposes, but also receives frequent, explicit mention as an essential component of his writing toolkit, such as in his "author's note" in fear and loathing on the campaign trail '72. one afternoon about three days ago showed up at my door with no warning, and loaded about forty pounds of supplies into the room: two cases of mexican beer, four quarts of gin, a dozen grapefruits, and enough speed to alter the outcome of six super bowls. ... meanwhile, with the final chapter still unwritten and the presses scheduled to start rolling in twenty-four hours unless somebody shows up pretty soon with extremely powerful speed, there might not be a final chapter. about four fingers of king-hell crank would do the trick, but i am not optimistic. in the second part of hubert selby jr.'s 1964 novel last exit to brooklyn the queen is dead, georgette, a transgender prostitute, dies of a drug overdose after the benzedrine-driven party. also, hubert selby jr.'s 1978 novel requiem for a dream involves one of the main characters, a widowed mother named sara goldfarb, getting prescribed amphetamine diet pills in order to lose weight. as she waits for a call back from the casting company for her dream tv show appearance, she slowly gets more addicted to the pills. she eventually develops amphetamine psychosis and is committed to a mental institution, where she undergoes ect for her dissociative symptoms. these scenes were portrayed in the 2000 adaptation of the same name, where sara is played by ellen burstyn. scottish author irvine welsh often portrays drug use in his novels, though in one of his journalism works he comments on how drugs (including amphetamine) have become part of consumerism and how his novels trainspotting and porno reflect the changes in drug use and culture during the years that elapsed between the two texts. millennial writers, such as tao lin and megan boyle, have used amphetamines in the form of adderall heavily. lin wrote about using adderall in his novel taipei. boyle in her novel liveblog. both writers used amphetamines themselves while writing the aforementioned books. boyle appeared to have abused adderall to the point of psychosis and was at one point; heavily addicted. a publisher of tyrant books called it “one of the most personally honest books ever written” where she documented this difficult period of her life online to hold herself accountable to destructive behavior. in music the northern soul and mod subcultures in england were known for their characteristic amphetamine use. their concerts generally involved people taking amphetamines to keep dancing all night. dj roger eagle got out of the northern soul scene, saying: "all they wanted was fast-tempo black dance music... too blocked on amphetamines to articulate exactly which jackie wilson record they wanted me to play." many rock songs have been written about amphetamine. for example, in the track entitled "st. ides heaven" from singer/songwriter, elliott smith's self-titled album. "semi charmed life" by third eye blind explicitly references methamphetamine as does "geek stink breath" by green day. other examples include the song "amphetamine" by alternative rock band everclear, "amphetamine" by three souls in my mind, "20 dollar nose bleed" by the pop-rock band fall out boy, and "headfirst for halos" by my chemical romance. amphetamine has influenced the aesthetics of many rock and roll bands (especially in the garage rock, mod r&b, death rock, punk/hardcore, gothic rock and extreme metal genres). hüsker dü, jesus and mary chain and the who were keen amphetamine users in their early existences. the beatles were said to be extensive users of phenmetrazine in their early days, something they have widely discussed in interviews over the years. hollywood undead references the negative effects of substituted amphetamines in the song "city" from their album swan songs. the red hot chili peppers mentioned benzedrine in their song ‘wet sand’ from the album stadium arcadium. primus's songs "on the tweek again" and "those damned blue-collar tweekers" directly reference widespread amphetamine use in rural america. land speed record is an allusion to hüsker dü's amphetamine use. amphetamine was widely abused in the 1980s underground punk-rock scene. punk-rock band nofx have incorporated references to amphetamines and other stimulants, the two most obvious being the song "three on speed" from the surfer 8-inch lp (in reference to the three guys being on amphetamine while recording the album), and the album the longest line is in reference to a "line" of amphetamine ready for insufflation. the rolling stones referenced the drug in their song "can't you hear me knocking" on the album sticky fingers ("y'all got cocaine eyes / yeah, ya got speed-freak jive now"). lou reed refers explicitly to the drug on his album berlin, in the song "how do you think it feels?". reed's band the velvet underground, a creation of andy warhol's factory years, was fueled by amphetamines, as well as naming their second album white light/white heat after the drug. the pulp song "sorted for e's & wizz" refers to british slang terms for ecstasy and amphetamines. english gothic rock band the sisters of mercy refers to the drug in their song "amphetamine logic" from their first album, first and last and always, and their singer andrew eldritch is associated with amphetamine use. the byrds referenced amphetamines in the 1968 song "artificial energy" on the album the notorious byrd brothers. bob dylan's song "just like a woman" includes the line "her fog, her amphetamine, and her pearls." many rock and roll bands have named themselves after amphetamine and the drug slang and drug culture surrounding it. for example, mod revivalists the purple hearts named themselves after the amphetamine tablets popular with mods during the 1960s, as did the australian band of the same name during the mid-1960s. the amphetameanies, a ska-punk band, are also named after amphetamine, but hint at its effects in their musical style. dexys midnight runners, of number-one hit "come on eileen", are named after "dexies", a slang term for the amphetamine dexedrine. motörhead derived their name from the song of the same name by ian "lemmy" kilmister's earlier band, hawkwind; the song is about a user of speed, a "motorhead". danny brown's album xxx contains many references to adderall, such as the song "adderall admiral". in film producer david o. selznick, an amphetamine user, would often dictate long and rambling memos to his directors under the influence of amphetamine. the documentary shadowing the third man relates that selznick introduced the third man director carol reed to the use of amphetamine, which allowed reed to bring the picture in below budget and on schedule by filming nearly 22 hours at a time. the title of the 2009 movie amphetamine plays on the double meaning of the word in chinese. besides the name for the drug, it also means "isn't this his fate? " which figuratively ties to the movie's plot. the word is transliterated as 安 非 他 命—"ān fēi tā mìng"—and as commonly happens with transliteration of non-chinese terms each character has independent meaning as an individual unrelated word. in mathematics perhaps the most notable example of this is paul erdős, one of the most prolific and successful mathematicians in human history. he took amphetamine and methylphenidate occasionally throughout his early career. he began taking them daily at age 58, when a doctor prescribed them to him to allay the depression associated with his mother's death, and didn't stop until his death at age 83. he would also sustain himself on copious amounts of coffee and caffeine pills. erdős took amphetamine despite the concern of his friends, one of whom (ron graham) bet him $500 that he could not stop taking the drug for a month. erdős won the bet, but complained:you've showed me i'm not an addict. but i didn't get any work done. i'd get up in the morning and stare at a blank piece of paper. i'd have no ideas, just like an ordinary person. you've set mathematics back a month. he then promptly resumed his amphetamine use. illicit drug culture