the officers said that he was exhibiting "crazy strength" when they attempted to arrest him but all three said that their body cams had fallen off and thus there was no video of what they claimed to be a violent struggle. mcclain weighed 140 pounds and was 5 feet 6 inches tall. he was handcuffed and then a choke hold was used twice, once "successfully" meaning that mcclain lost consciousness. when paramedics arrived they administered enough ketamine to sedate a 220-pound man. he went into cardiac arrest a few minutes later. in a report of the case on 60 minutes, john dickerson interviewed the district attorney who justified the use of ketamine, adding that since excited delirium could not be ruled out as a cause of death it would be impossible to win a homicide case because "you can't file a homicide charge without cause of death." taser use according to an article in the harvard civil rights–civil liberties law review, since 2000, over one thousand people in the united states have died shortly after being tased, with the deaths sharing several commonalities: "the deceased often were mentally ill or under the influence of drugs at the time of death, they tend to have been shocked multiple times by officers during arrest, and they often share an exceptionally rare cause of death, 'excited delirium.'" axon enterprise, formerly taser international, provides training for police on recognizing excited delirium and several prominent proponents of the diagnosis are retained by axon, with diagnosis often based on a test conducted by deborah mash, a paid consultant to axon. in one case reported by an investigative report done by reuters, within four hours of a man dying after being tasered axon had provided model press releases, instructions for gathering evidence of excited delirium, and advised that samples be sent to mash for lab work to establish a diagnosis. axon has paid thousands of dollars to proponents of the excited delirium diagnosis, including charles wetli who first proposed the term, who have repeatedly used "excited delirium" as a defense in liability suits and to shield police officers from criminal liability for deaths in custody. harvard civil rights–civil liberties law review reports that "axon has actively pursued litigation against some medical examiners who attribute deaths to tasers rather than excited delirium. these lawsuits seem to have a chilling effect on medical examiners' work; a 2011 survey found that 14% of medical examiners had modified a diagnostic finding out of fear of litigation by the company." in canada, the 2007 case of robert dziekanski received national attention and placed a spotlight on the use of tasers in police actions and the diagnosis of excited delirium. police psychologist mike webster testified at a british columbia inquiry into taser deaths that police have been "brainwashed" by taser international to justify "ridiculously inappropriate" use of the electric weapon. he called excited delirium a "dubious disorder" used by taser international in its training of police. in a 2008 report, the royal canadian mounted police argued that excited delirium should not be included in the operational manual for the royal canadian mounted police without formal approval after consultation with a mental-health-policy advisory body.