included the atlantic islands, 3.1% of samples in madeira were g, and 8.3% of 121 samples from the azores were g. in northern portugal, 5% of 101 samples were g; in central portugal 7.8% of 102 samples were g; and 7% of 100 samples in southern portugal. in a 2008 study of portuguese roma, of 126 men sampled less than 1% was g. in a 2010 study of northeastern portuguese jews, 3.5% of 57 men from trás-os-montes were g as compared to 3.3% of 30 non-jewish men from the same area. romania in 97 samples taken among hungarian-speaking szeklers in transylvania in romania, 5.2% were found to g, and all were g2a (p15+). in a more general survey of the romanian population based on 102 samples of str markers in the yhrd database 2.0% (n=2) are g using the athey haplogroup predictor. one additional sample is borderline for being g. russian federation in a 2008 study, 259 samples taken in three areas in the northernmost third of european russia (ethnic russians/pomors), about 1% were g2a (p15+) and 0% g1. in 246 samples from three areas in the central third of european russia about 1% were g, with more g1 men than g2a found. in 132 samples from two areas near the border with latvia and estonia 0% were g. in 107 samples from roslavl area near the border with belarus, 0% were g. in 394 samples from four areas near the border with the ukraine about 1% were g2a and 0% g1. and in 90 samples from among the kuban cossacks in the south, 1.1% were g2a and 0% g1. and in a 2006 study of 414 samples presumably from western russia (according to a map provided) 1.2% were g. in this same study among 68 kalmyks (a people of mongolian origin) who live near the caspian sea in the south of western russia, none were g. in another study of the kalmyks in the russian republic of kalmykia the authors found 1% g among 99 samples. another study in 2008 reported on 545 samples from 12 locations in western russia. of these, 1.8% of the samples were g. the highest percentage was 9.5% of 42 samples in orlovskaja oblast, east of belarus and north of the ukraine. in a study that sampled 116 men of chuvash origin, 1.7% were haplogroup g. serbia among 113 samples taken in belgrade, none were g (peričić et al. 2006). among 179 samples taken, 2.2% were g (mirabal et al. 2010). slovenia among 75 samples taken in slovenia 2.6% were g. this 2.6% was composed of 1.3% g2a3a (m406+) and 1.3% other types of g2a. spain among 24 samples taken in the northeastern corner of spain in a 2003 study, 8.3% were g. in a larger 2008 study covering about 600 mainland spanish samples outside the basque area, the average was about 5% g with the highest percentage recorded in castilla-la mancha (10%), and the lowest in parts of andalusia and castile (3%). in a 2004 study, among 258 samples taken in 5 populations in southern spain, about 3% were g. this same study found in 3 populations in northwestern spain among 149 samples, about 7% were g, and in the northeastern quarter of spain in two populations none of 52 samples were g. among 221 samples from basque people in spain in a 2008 study, 1.4% were g. of these 168 were living in the three basque provinces. all were g2a (p15+). another study found 0% of 116 samples in basque country were g. in a 2003 study only of cantabria just west of the basque autonomous community in northwestern spain, 7.6% of 118 samples from 3 groupings were g. a 2009 study of 169 samples from the pyrenees mountains in the northeast found almost 2% were g. a 2009 study only of andalusia in southern spain found that 2.1% of andalusians were g. and of 68 separate samples specifically from the pedroches valley (valle de los pedroches) in andalusia 2.9% were g. in the balearic islands 6% of 62 samples in majorca were g; 0% of 37 samples in minorca were g, but 13% of 54 samples in ibiza were g in a 2008 study. sweden among 305 samples taken in seven regions of sweden in a 2006 study, 1.6% were g. the authors also found 0% g in 38 samples from nomadic saami men of sweden. in a 2009 study, which totaled 883 swedish samples, no g was found in the regions of norrland in the north and götaland on the southern end. but in the central svealand area 2.8% of 394 samples were g. if stockholm is excluded, the percentage increases to 3.7% among 166 samples. while specific svealand locations were typically 0–1% g, uppsala on the east central coast showed 12.1% but based on only 33 samples. switzerland a survey of the general population of switzerland based on testing of snps is lacking, but an approximation based on the str markers of 348 samples from there in the yhrd database indicates 4.3% (n=15) are g using the athey haplogroup predictor. an additional sample is borderline for being g. united kingdom a survey of the general population of the great britain for g based on testing of snps is lacking, but an approximation based on the str markers in the yhrd database indicates 3.4% (n=8) of 285 samples from london are g and 1% (n=1) of 97 samples from birmingham are g using the athey haplogroup predictor. ukraine among 92 samples taken in the ukraine, 3.3% were found g2a (p15+). none of these belonged to g2a3a (m406+). an approximation of snp results based on the str markers of 183 samples from kyiv in the yhrd database indicates 1.1% (n=2) are g using the athey haplogroup predictor. australia & pacific islands australia among 33 samples taken among australian aborigines of australia, 0% were g. cook islands among 77 samples taken in the cook islands none were g. fiji islands among 105 samples taken in fiji none were listed as g. niue among 9 samples taken in niue none were g. philippines in 48 samples taken in the philippines 0% were g. samoa among 61 samples taken in samoa none were g. solomon islands among 30 samples gathered in the solomon islands none were g. tokelau among 6 samples taken in tokelau, none were g. tonga among 29 samples taken in tonga, none were g. tuvalu among 100 samples taken in tuvalu none were g. wallis and futuna among 50 samples taken in east futuna, none were g. north america and the caribbean cuba among 245 men sampled in cuba, 6.1% were g. united states among 2517 persons in the united states of america from a wide variety of locales, 2.5% were found to be g. when restricted to those with european ancestry the percentage rises to about 4%. african-americans were about 1% g, and native americans 0.3%. south america brazil in a study of 48 apalai men from the amazon in brazil none were g. in a 2015 study, they investigated a set of 41 y-snps in 1217 unrelated males from the five brazilian geopolitical regions, aiming to disclose the genetic structure of male lineages in the country. haplogroup g-m201 was found to be 5.1% of this study. french guiana in a study of 103 men from 4 native american groups in french guiana none were g. peru in a study of 28 machiguenga men from south inland peru none were g.