movement disorder movement disorder movement disorder refers to any clinical syndrome with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. movement disorders are synonymous with basal ganglia or extrapyramidal diseases. movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories- hyperkinetic and hypokinetic. movement disorderspecialtyneurologypsychiatry hyperkinetic movement disorders refer to dyskinesia, or excessive, often repetitive, involuntary movements that intrude upon the normal flow of motor activity. hypokinetic movement disorders refer to akinesia (lack of movement), hypokinesia (reduced amplitude of movements), bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigidity. in primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder. in secondary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is a manifestation of another systemic or neurological disorder. classification movement disorders icd-9-cm icd-10-cm hypokinetic movement disorders parkinson's disease (primary or idiopathic parkinsonism) 332 g20 secondary parkinsonism g21 parkinson plus syndromes pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration g23.0 progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia g23.1 striatonigral degeneration g23.2 hyperkinetic movement disorders dystonia g24 drug induced dystonia g24.0 idiopathic familial dystonia 333.6 g24.1 idiopathic nonfamilial dystonia 333.7 g24.2 spasmodic torticollis 333.83 g24.3 ideopathic orofacial dystonia g24.4 blepharospasm 333.81 g24.5 other dystonias g24.8 other extrapyramidal movement disorders g25 essential tremor 333.1 g25.0 drug induced tremor g25.1 other specified form of tremor g25.2 tremor unspecified r25.1 myoclonus 333.2 g25.3 opsoclonus 379.59 h57 chorea (rapid, involuntary movement) drug induced chorea g25.4 rheumatic chorea (sydenham's chorea) i02 huntington's chorea 333.4 g10 ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements) g25.85 hemiballismus (affecting only one side of the body) g25.85 athetosis (contorted torsion or twisting) 333.71 r25.8 dyskinesia (abnormal, involuntary movement) tardive dyskinesia attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity) 314.01 f90 tic disorders (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped) f95 tourette's syndrome f95.2 drug-induced tics and tics of organic origin 333.3 g25.6 stereotypic movement disorder f98.5 paroxysmal nocturnal limb movement g25.80 painful legs (or arms), moving toes (or fingers) syndrome g25.81 sporadic restless leg syndrome g25.82 familial restless leg syndrome g25.83 stiff-person syndrome 333.91 g25.84 abnormal head movements r25.0 cramp and spasm r25.2 fasciculation r25.3 diagnosis step i : decide the dominant type of movement disorder step ii : make differential diagnosis of the particular disorder step ii: confirm the diagnosis by lab tests metabolic screening microbiology immunology csf examination genetics imaging neurophysiological tests pharmacological tests treatment