into testable hypotheses remains abstract. the studied suggests that 30-60% of variance in social and political attitudes can be explained by genetic influences. findings have not been widely accepted or incorporated into dominant paradigms that explain the etiology of political ideology. we present results from original analyses of a combined sample of over 12,000 twins pairs. "a genome-wide analysis of liberal and conservative political attitudes" by peter k. hatemi et al. traces dna research involving 13,000 subjects. the study identifies several genes potentially connected with political ideology. evolutionary psychology from an evolutionary psychology perspective, conflicts regarding redistribution of wealth may have been a recurrent issue in the ancestral environment. humans may therefore have developed psychological mechanisms for judging their chance of succeeding in such conflicts which will affect their political views. for males, physical strength may have been an important factor in deciding the outcome of such conflicts. therefore, a prediction is that males that have high physical strength and low socioeconomic status (ses) will support redistribution while males that have both high ses and high physical strength will oppose redistribution. cross-cultural research found this to be the case; for females, their physical strength had no influence on their political views which was as expected since females rarely have physical strength above that of the average male. a study on political attitudes among hollywood actors found that, while the actors were generally more left-leaning, male actors with great physical strength were more likely to support the republican stance on foreign issues and foreign military interventions. an alternative evolutionary explanation for political diversity is that it is a polymorphism, like those of gender and blood type, resulting from frequency-dependent selection. tim dean has suggested that we live in such a moral ecosystem whereby the advantage gained by having any one particular moral strategy diminishes as it becomes very common, causing evolution to produce individuals with a diversity of moral strategies. alford et al posit that political variation could offer groups different strategies of solving problems, thus variation is maintained by virtue of being adaptive at the group level.