bicosoecida bicosoecida bicosoecida (iczn) or bicosoecales/bicoecea (icbn) is an order of bikosea, a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the stramenopiles. informally known as bicosoecids, they are a small group of unicellular flagellates. the cells are free-living, with no chloroplasts, and in some genera are encased in a lorica. bicosoecida cafeteria roenbergensis, a non-loricate bicosoecid scientific classification domain: eukaryota (unranked): sar superphylum: stramenopiles class: bikoseacavalier-smith 2013 subclass: bicosidia superorder: cyathobodoniae order: bicosoecidagrassé, 1926 emend. karpov, 1998 honigberg et al., 1964, zhukov, 1978, karpov, 1998, 2000 families rictidia bicosidia synonyms bikoecida stein, 1878 bicoecinae grassé, 1926 bicoecidea grassé & deflandre in grassé, 1952 bicosoecales bourrelly, 1968, 1981 bicoecales kristiansen, 1972 bicosoecophyceae casper, 1974, loeblich iii & loeblich 1979 bicosoecea cavalier-smith, 1986 bicoecia cavalier-smith, 1989 bicoecea cavalier-smith, 1993 bicocoecida van den hoek et al., 1995 bicosoecida honigberg et al., 1964, zhukov, 1978, karpov, 1998, 2000 the name of the type genus bicosoeca described by james-clark in 1866 is derived from greek roots (bikos, vase, bowl, plus oekein, inhabit). the philologically preferable compound would be bicoeca, as "corrected" by stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. however, according to the icbn and iczn, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form. the group was formerly considered to be related to the chrysophyceae. some authors use the vernacular term "bicosoecid" (or "bicoecid") in a narrower sense, only for bicosoeca, applying "bicoeceans" to bicosoeca and related groups like cafeteria. with the advent of using molecular phylogenies to resolve relationships of many eukaryotes the original circumscription of bicosoecids has been greatly expanded upon to include other orders and the rank has changed from an order to a class. classification family labromonadidae cavalier-smith 2006 genus labromonas cavalier-smith 2006 family bicosoecaceae ritter von stein 1878 ?genus platytheca stein 1878 nom. nud. genus bicosoeca clark 1866 genus codonoeca clark 1867 genus hedraeophysa kent 1880