his linkedin page, the man worked for riot house, a nightclub in the east/northeast phoenix suburb of scottsdale. riot house announced that they brought in a professional "medical-grade" cleaning company to deep-clean riot house and a sister restaurant per the guidance of the maricopa county department of public health. u.s. representative paul gosar (r-arizona) announced on march 8 that he and several of his staff had come into contact with an individual who soon afterward tested positive for covid-19. the exposure happened at the annual conservative political action conference (cpac), which was held in the washington, d.c, area (fort washington, md) february 26–29. gosar and the staff members went into self-isolation. on march 11, jonathan nez, president of the navajo nation (a large portion of which is located in northeastern arizona) declared a state of emergency as a proactive measure to deal with the covid-19 crisis. arizona governor doug ducey declared a public health emergency on march 12. dr. cara christ, director of adhs, said there were no plans to limit large public gatherings as governors in other states have done. as of march 12, there were nine confirmed cases of coronavirus in arizona, including five from the same household in pinal county (reportedly the household of the healthcare worker announced as being positive for covid-19 on march 6). arizona state university president michael crow announced that school would switch beginning march 16 to online instruction "wherever possible" for a period of two weeks over concerns about the virus. similar measures were also taken by the university of arizona (which announced it was extending its then-current spring break period by an additional two days before switching to online instruction) and northern arizona university. on march 20, the university of arizona announced that spring graduation ceremonies, scheduled for may 15, would be canceled, and an "alternate graduation experience" provided instead. on march 17, the first covid-19 case within the navajo nation was confirmed in a 46-year-old resident of chilchinbito. further measures, including restrictions on non-essential businesses on tribal land in an effort to limit visits by outside tourists, were announced on march 18; three tribal residents reportedly tested positive for covid-19 as of the 18th. as of march 19, a total of 14 cases were identified within the navajo nation most of which had reported symptoms to the kayenta indian health service unit in kayenta, arizona. nine other native american tribes, out of 22 in the state of arizona, had also declared states of emergency applicable to their tribal lands. tucson mayor regina romero declared a local emergency on march 17, ordering many businesses to close, limiting restaurants to drive-thru and takeout. the emergency proclamation was released on the afternoon of st. patrick's day, one of the busiest drinking days of the year. all bars, theaters, museums, gyms, bowling alleys and other recreation and entertainment businesses were under a mandatory shutdown as of 8 p.m. and remain closed through the end of march. among the exceptions were grocery stores, pharmacies, food pantries, banks, or vendors located at universities, houses of worship, at care homes and tucson international airport. this order did not affect similar pima county businesses outside of the city limits. similar emergency declarations were announced by other city governments in the phoenix area, led by mayor kate gallego of the city of phoenix. these measures came after u.s. senator kyrsten sinema (d) admonished state and local leaders (on march 16) for not doing enough to stop the spread of covid-19 in arizona, as compared to what leaders in other states were doing. several springtime public events in tucson were canceled as a result of concerns over covid-19, including the tucson festival of books (held on the university of arizona campus), the fourth avenue street fair, the tucson folk festival, and the pima county fair. governor ducey announced march 19 that he would limit restaurant service and close bars, theaters, and gyms in counties with confirmed cases of covid-19. this directive, to take effect upon close of business march 20, would apply to six counties: maricopa, which had 22 cases as of march 19; pinal, which had 10; pima, which had seven; navajo, which had three; coconino, which had one; and graham, which had one. ducey also called on the arizona national guard to help grocery stores and food banks restock shelves to protect food supplies; halted all elective surgeries "to free up medical resources and maintain the capacity for hospitals and providers to continue offering vital services;" extended expiration dates for drivers licenses 6 months so that residents who are 65 or older could renew them without waiting in line; authorized restaurants to deliver alcoholic beverages alongside food, and allowed manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers to buy back unopened products from restaurants, bars and clubs. ducey faced widespread criticism in the days prior to this directive from lawmakers and constituents who felt he was responding too slowly to the covid-19 crisis. on march 20, ducey further stated that he saw no reason to go beyond that directive and issue a statewide stay-at-home order in arizona as his counterparts in new york, california, and some other states had done. on march 20, adhs and maricopa county health officials announced the first death in the state from covid-19: a maricopa county man in his 50s with underlying health conditions. arizona national guard members transporting medical ppe to kayenta on march 31, 2020, in response to covid-19. on march 30, gov. ducey issued a statewide stay at home order to stop the spread of new coronavirus, barring arizonans from leaving their residences except for food, medicine, and other essentials. the order took effect at the close of business march 31. on march 30, the arizona national guard built a medical station in chinle, arizona, to help with the increase of covid-19 cases in the navajo nation. april 2020 on april 22, using state-of-the-art epidemiological modelling, the arizona state university modelling group, in a report to the azdhs predicts "...infections will peak around the middle of may." their modelling, resultant predictions and recommendations presumably led the azdhs to send an email ordering the arizona state university and university of arizona team to "pause" the work they were doing compiling data on covid-19 cases in the state. on april 29, gov. ducey announced a partial reopening to begin on may 4 with details describing how some non-essential businesses can operate. the stay at home order was extended until may 15. barbershops along with nail and hair salons would begin reopening on may 8 while restaurants would be allowed to open dining rooms may 11. signs describe public health safety measures for shoppers at a safeway grocery store in tucson. may 2020 on may 6, researchers at arizona state university and the university of arizona were instructed to halt their work on a public model for covid-19 in the united states. their model had recommended against any reopening before the end of may. arizona department of health also stated that the modeling team would no longer be allowed access to special data sets used for this work. the state announced that it would be using fema's model for covid-19 predictions, although the department also declined to reveal the results of the model. on may 12, gov. ducey announced that the stay at home order would be lifted may 15 and that gyms and pools could begin reopening on may 13. on may 15, the statewide lockdown order expired. there were 13,169 confirmed cases and 651 deaths related to covid-19 in arizona. gov. ducey stated that arizona was in compliance with the cdc's phase one guidelines and that businesses would be allowed to reopen with social distancing measures. major league sports were allowed to reopen without fans and only in leagues adhering to cdc guidelines. effective may 16, in accordance with an executive order from governor ducey, local governments were not permitted to institute requirements or restrictions related to covid-19 beyond the state-level restrictions. this prevented local governments from requiring people to wear face masks, until the governor reversed the order in june. on may 17, the percentage of positives of total pcr tests, reported weekly, was 6%. the total number of tests with a specimen collection date of may 17 was 37,032. on may 24, the percentage of positives of total pcr tests, reported weekly, was 9%. the total number of tests with a specimen collection date of may 24 was 42,638. on may 31, two weeks after the expiration of the governor's stay at home order, the percentage of positives of total pcr tests, reported weekly, was 12%. the total number of tests with a specimen collection date of may 31 was 51,413. june 2020 two weeks after the stay-at-home-order expired, the state reported a record high of daily hospitalizations suspected to be related to covid-19, with 1,009 hospitalizations recorded on monday, june 1. on june 3, there were 22,223 cases and 981 deaths related to covid-19, as reported by the arizona health department. over 345,000 tests for covid-19 had been performed (nearly 250,000 pcr tests and over 100,000 antibody tests). about 5.7% of tests returned as positive for covid-19. by june 8 there were 27,678 cases and 1,047 known deaths and the arizona department of health services director, dr. cara christ, told hospitals to 'fully activate' emergency plans. on june 10, governor doug ducey held a press conference to address the rise in cases and hospitalizations. the press conference focused primarily on the fact that hospitals have capacity to care for patients. at one point governor ducey stated: "the plan going forward is we are going to continue to focus on public health and the education campaign around it." on june 12, the president of arizona state university announced that face coverings are mandatory, effective immediately. on june 13, two news outlets reported that a number of restaurants and businesses have voluntarily closed temporarily due to visits by individuals or employees who have tested positive for the virus. on june 17, governor ducey announced that local governments would be able to set mask-wearing regulations after previously having blocked local mask wearing requirements. soon after, many city and county officials began implementing face covering mandates or announcing plans to discuss possible regulations. statewide, hospitals were treating 1,582 patients and were at 85% of capacity. on june 23, incumbent president donald trump held a campaign rally at dream city megachurch in phoenix. according to politico, most attendees did not wear masks. on june 26, arizona attorney general mark brnovich issued cease-and-desist letters to both clean air exp and dream city church regarding false claims that the air purification system installed in the church could eliminate 99% of covid-19 within ten minutes, despite the system not being tested against covid-19. on june 23, coronavirus hospitalizations hit record numbers. on june 29, governor ducey ordered bars, movie theaters, and gyms to close again in a partial reversal of the state's reopening. a delay in reporting caused an anomaly in reporting numbers related to new positives and deaths. sonora quest laboratories submitted 2,454 positive tests but these were not included in the daily dashboard reporting numbers. adhs director dr. christ announced that arizona would implement the state's crisis standards of care plan. this is the first time a state has activated its crisis care plan. on june 30, 2020, 8 cities in the phoenix metropolitan area (including phoenix itself) announced the cancellation of their fireworks display events to reduce viral spread while 3 other cities in the same area announced a continuation of fireworks display events. july 2020 on july 1, 2020, canyon state academy (formerly known as the arizona boys ranch where nicholaus contreraz died) announced that 23 students and 8 staff members tested positive for covid-19. after a visit by vice president mike pence to phoenix, eight secret service agents tested positive for covid-19 and remained in a hotel in phoenix. on july 3, 2020, over 90% of licensed intensive care unit hospital beds were unavailable statewide, out of 156 such beds in arizona. the federal government sent 62 medical professionals to yuma and pima counties, and planned to send another 90 medical professionals to hospitals in maricopa, navajo, pima, and yuma counties. on july 8, a worker at a dutch bros. coffee location on