own particular facts", since x miscarried and did not have an abortion, and this renders the case moot in irish law. (see below events in 2012/2013). 1993 – maine passed abortion-related legislation that said women have the right to "terminate a pregnancy before viability". 1993 – in ireland, the health (family planning) (amendment) act, 1992 allowed the sale of contraceptives without a prescription. 1993 – poland banned abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, severe congenital disorders, or threat to the life of the pregnant woman. 1993 – r v morgentaler was a decision by the supreme court of canada invalidating a provincial attempt to regulate abortion in canada. in the decision, the provincial regulations were ruled to be a criminal law, and in violation of the constitution act, 1867, which assigns criminal law exclusively to the parliament of canada. 1994 – madsen v. women's health center, inc., 512 u.s. 753 (1994), was a united states supreme court case where petitioners challenged the constitutionality of an injunction entered by a florida state court prohibiting anti-abortion protesters from demonstrating in certain places and in various ways outside a health clinic that performs abortions. the madsen majority sustained the constitutionality of the clinic's thirty-six-foot buffer zone and the noise-level provision, finding that they burdened no more speech than necessary to serve the injunction's goals. however, the court struck down the thirty-six-foot buffer zone as applied to the private property north and west of the clinic, the "images observable" provision, the three-hundred-foot no-approach zone around the clinic, and the three-hundred-foot buffer zone around residences. the court found that these provisions " more broadly than necessary" to protect the state's interests. thus, the judgment of the florida supreme court was affirmed in part and reversed in part. 1994 – the freedom of access to clinic entrances act was passed by the united states congress, forbidding the use of force or obstruction to prevent someone from providing or receiving reproductive health services. 1995 – the attorney general announces that constitutionally, women have a legal right to an abortion in the northern mariana islands. 1995 – the 89th illinois general assembly enacted the parental notice of abortion act, a parental notification law. the act required physicians to give 48 hours notice to the parent, grandparent or guardian of a minor seeking an abortion. however, the law was enjoined by the courts for more than two decades. 1997 – a louisiana law created a civil cause of action for abortion-related damages, including damage to the unborn, for up to ten years after the abortion. the same law also barred the state's patient's compensation fund, which limits malpractice liability for participating physicians, from insuring against abortion-related claims. 1997 - in 1990, the legislature of guam enacted a law prohibiting abortion in all cases except when there was "substantial risk" to the woman's life or continuing the pregnancy would "gravely impair" her health. this law was challenged by the american civil liberties union and struck down by the ninth circuit court of guam in 1997 in guam society of obstetricians and gynecologists v. ada. 1997 – new hampshire governor jeanne shaheen signed legislation that repealed most of the abortion restrictions in place in the state. 1997 – the kansas legislature passed the woman's right to know act, which required, except in the case of a medical emergency, a 24-hour period between the time that the woman is informed in writing of legally-required information and the abortion. 1997 – in south africa, the choice on termination of pregnancy act, 1996 came into effect, allowing elective abortion care. the abortion and sterilization act, 1975, which only allowed abortions in very limited circumstances, was repealed. 1997 – honduras established a penalty from three to six years in prison for women who obtain an abortion and for medical staff who are involved in the process. 1997 – the montana legislature passed a law that said only physicians could perform abortions. following a lawsuit, the law was changed to allow nurse practitioners to perform abortions. 1998 – in christian lawyers association and others v minister of health and others, the transvaal provincial division of the high court of south africa upheld the choice on termination of pregnancy act, holding that the constitution of south africa does not forbid abortions. 1998 – in portugal, the legalization of abortion until 10 weeks of pregnancy is rejected by voters in a referendum. a second referendum was eventually held nine years later, in which voters approved the legalization of abortion with the same time restrictions. 1998 – the kentucky general assembly passed legislation requiring clinics to have an abortion clinic license if they wanted to operate. part of this was a requirement for a transfer agreement between the clinic and a hospital and ambulance. 1999 – in the united states, congress passed a ban on intact dilation and extraction, which president bill clinton vetoed. 21st century 2000s 2000 – in stenberg v. carhart, the supreme court of the united states overturned a nebraska state law that banned intact dilation and extraction. 2000 – the equal employment opportunity commission of the united states ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the civil rights act of 1964. 2001 – the ten-week limit on abortion in france was extended to the twelfth week. 2001 – minors are no longer required to have parental consent for abortion in france. a pregnant girl in france under the age of 18 may ask for an abortion without consulting her parents if she is accompanied to the clinic by an adult of her choice, who must not tell her parents or any third party about the abortion. 2002 – the california state legislature passed a law that said: "the state may not deny or interfere with a woman's right to choose or obtain an abortion prior to viability of the fetus, or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman." 2003 - in june 2003, the new hampshire parental notification prior to abortion act, "an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors," was narrowly passed by the new hampshire general court. this law was repealed in 2007. 2003 – the u.s. enacted the partial-birth abortion ban act, and president george w. bush signed it into law. after the law was challenged in three appeals courts, the u.s. supreme court held that it was constitutional because, unlike the earlier nebraska state law, it was not vague or overly broad. the court also held that banning the procedure did not constitute an "undue burden", even without a health exception (see also gonzales v. carhart). 2003 – scheidler v. national organization for women, 537 u.s. 393 (2003), was a united states supreme court case involving whether abortion providers could receive damages from protesters under the rico act. the national organization for women (now) obtained class status for women seeking the use of women's health clinics and began its court battle against joseph scheidler and plan et al. in 1986. in this particular case, the court's opinion was that extortion did not apply to the defendants' actions because they did not obtain any property from the respondents (now and the class of women). 2003 – the indiana supreme court recognized the medical malpractice tort of "wrongful pregnancy" when a woman became pregnant after a failed sterilization procedure. the court decided that the damages may include the cost of the pregnancy but may not include the ordinary cost of raising the child, as the benefits of rearing the child could not be calculated. 2005 – the u.s. deficit reduction act of 2005 (implemented in january 2007) prevented college health centers and many health care providers from participating in the drug pricing discount program, which formerly allowed contraceptives to be sold at a low cost to students and women of low income in the united states. 2005 – south dakota's legislature passed five laws curtailing the legality of abortion in 2005. 2006 – governor kathleen blanco of louisiana signed into law a ban on most forms of abortion (unless the life of the mother was in danger or her health would be permanently damaged) once it passed the louisiana state legislature. the bill would only go into effect if the united states supreme court reversed roe v. wade. louisiana's measure would allow the prosecution of any person who performed or aided in an abortion. the penalties include up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of $100,000. 2007 – the new hampshire parental notification prior to abortion act, "an act requiring parental notification before abortions may be performed on unemancipated minors," was repealed. 2007 – the parliament of portugal voted to legalize abortion during the first ten weeks of pregnancy. this followed a referendum that, while revealing that a majority of portuguese voters favored the legalization of early-stage abortions, failed due to low voter turnout. a second referendum passed, however, and president aníbal cavaco silva signed the measure into effect in april 2007. 2007 – the government of mexico city legalized abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and offered free abortions. on 28 august 2008, the mexican supreme court upheld the law. 2007 – the u.s. supreme court upholds the partial birth abortion ban act of 2003. 2007 – the massachusetts legislature passed a law that established a 35-foot buffer zone around abortion clinics. the law was struck down in 2014. 2008 – the australian state of victoria passed a bill decriminalizing abortion, making it legally accessible to women in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. 2009 – in spain, a bill decriminalized abortion, making it legally accessible to women in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy. 2010 2010 – nebraska became the first state to use the disputed notion of fetal pain as a rationale to ban abortion after 20 weeks. 2010 – in chile, the morning after pill law came into force, setting rules on information, advice and services relating to fertility regulation, and allowing the free distribution of oral contraceptives in public clinics. 2011 2011 – a new hampshire parental notification law regarding abortion was passed again in 2011 after the republican-controlled house and senate overrode democratic governor john lynch's veto. 2011 – the u.s. department of health and human services established the policy, effective 2012, that all private insurance plans are required to provide contraceptive coverage to women without a co-pay or deductible. 2012 2012 – in planned parenthood v. rounds, the united states court of appeals for the eighth circuit ruled that a south dakota law, requiring that doctors give patients information about the potential suicide risk in women who have abortions, was not unconstitutional. 2012 – in guam, the woman's reproductive health information act was passed, creating new restrictions for abortion provision, including a 13-week gestational age limit, a physician-only requirement, and a 24-hour mandatory waiting period. 2012 – an early pregnancy abortion bill (sb 1274) was signed into law by then-oklahoma governor mary fallin. the law required abortion providers to ask women if they wanted to hear the fetal heartbeat before ending the pregnancy, and applied when the fetus was at least eight weeks old. 2012 – new hampshire passed a law requiring minors to wait 48 hours after requesting an abortion, but no longer requiring parental consent. 2012 – the mississippi state legislature passed a law requiring abortion clinics to have doctors on staff with hospital admitting privileges. 2012 – arizona governor jan brewer signed into law in april 2012 abortion restrictions that prohibited the procedure after 20 weeks. the u.s. ninth circuit court of appeals overturned this law in january 2015, but it remains on the books. 2012 – in the philippines, the congress of the philippines passed the responsible parenthood and reproductive health act of 2012 which guarantees universal access to contraception, fertility control and maternal care. the bill also mandates the teaching of sexual education in schools. 2012 – uruguay legalized abortion in the first trimester, making it legally accessible to women. 2013 2013 – a wisconsin law, act 37, was passed requiring abortion providers to have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital. 2013 - ohio passed a targeted regulation of abortion