sigmoid arteries sigmoid arteries the sigmoid arteries are 2–5 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery that are distributed to the distal descending colon and the sigmoid colon. sigmoid arteriessigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomosesthe inferior mesenteric artery and its branches (sigmoid arteries labeled at bottom right)detailsidentifierslatinarteriae sigmoideaeta98a12.2.12.072ta24295fma14830anatomical terminology anatomy course and relations the sigmoid arteries course obliquely inferior-ward and to the left, passing posterior to the peritoneum and in anterior to the psoas major, ureter, and gonadal vessels. anastomoses the sigmoid arteries anastomose with the left colic superiorly, and with the superior rectal artery inferiorly.