thousands of apartment buildings and mobile home parks. oakland also extended a 3.5% limit to rent increases until june 30. legal system further information: covid-19 pandemic in california § effects on prisons on march 20, alameda county officials announced that 247 people would be released from santa rita jail in dublin. transportation further information: impact of the covid-19 pandemic on public transport § californiaan empty car on the bart antioch–sfo/millbrae line on a friday morning beginning march 13, the united states department of homeland security required americans traveling from the schengen area, china, and iran to enter the u.s. through one of 13 airports, including san francisco international airport (sfo). in march, 508,100 passengers traveled through the san jose international airport (sjc), down 58.6% year over year, after consistent gains before the pandemic. by the beginning of april, foot traffic at sfo, sjc, and oakland international airport had fallen by 73% compared to before the pandemic, according to foursquare location tracking data. public transportation agencies in the bay area have lost significant sources of funding from simultaneous, dramatic declines in ridership and sales tax revenue and the suspension of planned fare increases, even as the agencies maintain core service to serve essential workers. the agencies expect to receive $1.3 billion in stimulus funding from the metropolitan transportation commission under the coronavirus aid, relief, and economic security act, with the largest share going to the bay area rapid transit district and san francisco municipal transportation agency. in the first week of the shelter-in-place order, bay area rapid transit (bart) ridership fell by 87% to 89% of average ridership in february, though it had already begun falling with technology companies' transition to remote work. ridership in april and early may stayed between 90% and 94% below the baseline average. bart suspended late weekday night service on march 23, 2020, and reduced weekend service on march 28, 2020. beginning april 8, bart reduced weekday train frequency by half and ran only long train consists to facilitate social distancing. to prepare for commuters' return to bart, the system accelerated its adoption of contactless payment, eliminating paper ticket vending machines in favor of clipper card vending machines at several stations and expanding its mobile application's parking payment feature to all stations. caltrain's ridership dropped by 75% in the first half of march, prior to the bay area–wide shelter-in-place order taking effect, then dropped further to only five percent of normal levels, resulting in losses of $9 million per month. due to low ridership, caltrain suspended baby bullet service on march 13. on march 26, it further reduced weekday service from 92 trains per day to 42, suspending limited service. the peninsula corridor joint powers board, which operates caltrain, had been planning to propose a one-eighth-cent sales tax for voter approval later in the year, to provide an estimated $108 million of dedicated funding for the system, which currently relies on rider fares for 70% of its revenue. in july, after the san francisco board of supervisors initially declined to consider the ballot proposal, citing concerns about the system's governance structure, caltrain officials warned that the agency would run out of operating funds and be forced to suspend service by the end of the year. in august, san mateo county officials agreed to make caltrain more independent from samtrans in exchange for places the sales tax on the ballot. in june 2021, caltrain announced that electric service would be delayed to late 2024 partly due to supply chain disruptions during the pandemic. on may 4, the santa clara valley transportation authority began requiring every rider to wear a face covering, such as a cloth face mask, to reduce the risk of transmission. the san francisco municipal railway reduced bus service to core routes and suspended muni metro service. on march 21, state-owned toll bridges in the bay area stopped accepting cash in favor of open road tolling via fastrak and paying by plate. fastrak also temporarily suspended late fees and collections. on april 29, lyft discontinued its electric scooter service in san jose and oakland in conjunction with a major round of layoffs. lyft continued to operate its bay wheels bike sharing service. race relations san francisco's chinatown under a shelter-in-place order there have been documented incidents of racism towards bay area asian pacific americans. free water distributed by masked protesters officials and community-based organizations expressed concern that fears about covid-19 were disproportionately affecting local asian-american businesses. on february 24, house speaker nancy pelosi toured san francisco's chinatown to support local shops that had seen declining business since the epidemic began in china. several peaceful protests took place in the bay area during the pandemic to raise awareness about police brutality. one in san mateo on june 3, 2020, was attended by hundreds of people. a youth-led protest against police brutality in san francisco attracted at least 10,000 protesters to the mission district. recreation white circles on the grass at dolores park on memorial day to promote social distancing during the memorial day weekend, the san francisco recreation & parks department painted a grid of white circles 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter, spaced 8 feet (2.4 m) apart, on the grass at mission dolores park, washington square, and two other city parks. city of berkeley posted signs with numbers of people allowed on the playgrounds and reminding users to maintain social distancing and limits. the fifth semiannual viva callesj street festival in san jose had been scheduled for may 17 but was replaced with a virtual tour. religion further information: covid-19 pandemic in california § effects on religion on march 13, 2020, the roman catholic diocese of san josé closed all diocesan schools from until at least april 20. it suspended public masses and dispensed with the obligation to attend mass from march 14 until further notice. the diocese of oakland also suspended public masses on march 16, and the archdiocese of san francisco and diocese of santa rosa followed suit on march 17. on march 18, the california catholic conference of bishops suspended the public celebration of mass throughout the state until further notice. on may 23, 2021, the diocese of santa rosa lifted the dispensation from obligation to attend sunday mass. the archdiocese of san francisco also lifted the dispensation on june 24, followed by the diocese of oakland on august 15. on february 8, 2022, the diocese of san josé announced that the dispensation would be lifted effective march 6. sports further information: covid-19 pandemic in california § effects on sports after santa clara county banned all large gatherings larger than 1,000 people for a three-week period beginning march 11, the san jose sharks of the nhl and the golden state warriors of the nba announced that all of their remaining home games of the regular season would be played behind closed doors with no spectators. with their game on march 12 against the brooklyn nets, the warriors were to be the first professional sports team in the united states to play a home game behind closed doors due to the pandemic, before the nba suspended the season one day prior. along with a sacramento-area school, archbishop riordan high school and the menlo school withdrew from the california interscholastic federation (cif) northern california championship tournament after their schools were forced to close. stanford university announced plans to cut 11 of its 36 varsity sports at the end of the 2020–21 school year, citing a $70 million deficit due to the pandemic. vaccinations the oakland coliseum mass vaccination site in february 2021 vaccinations in bay area vaccinations population 3,947,957 7,739,378 santa clara 842,396 1,927,852 alameda 841,690 1,671,329 contra costa 614,689 1,153,526 san francisco 493,749 881,549 san mateo 422,406 766,573 sonoma 283,625 494,336 solano 185,628 447,643 marin 179,010 258,826 napa 84,764 137,744 the first vaccinations in the bay area took place on december 15, 2020, at zuckerberg san francisco general hospital after the city received 12,500 doses of the pfizer vaccine. mass vaccination sites were opened across the region in february 2021. the first three mass vaccination sites were located at the oakland coliseum, the moscone center and city college. the santa clara county public health department administered 1.9 million vaccinations, about a third of all vaccinations in the county, at a cost of $1 billion. at the peak of the pandemic, the department operated one of the largest vaccination sites in the united states, serving about 14,000 patients per day at levi's stadium. other vaccination sites, including those at the santa clara county fairgrounds and san antonio shopping center, are scheduled to operate until the end of the public health emergency on february 28, 2023. environmental impact an empty interstate 280 near sr 85 in cupertino at 9:30 a.m., during the friday morning rush hour a deserted market street in san francisco's financial district, 1 p.m., on a weekday afternoon the bay area–wide shelter-in-place order resulted in significant a reduction in road traffic volume, the main source of air pollution in the area. during the first week after the shelter-in-place order took effect, air pollutant levels fell by one-third year over year, while nitrogen dioxide levels in the atmosphere dropped by roughly half compared to the previous week. traffic on the san francisco–oakland bay bridge fell by about 40% compared to two weeks earlier. by april, traffic in the bay area had decreased by 70%. an 11% reduction in shipping traffic at the port of oakland could have also contributed to air quality improvements. an assistant professor of earth system science at stanford university estimated that improved bay area air quality during the shutdown would result in roughly 10 fewer deaths caused by air pollution per week. according to save the bay, the decrease in traffic volume also led to decreased water and noise pollution in and around san francisco bay. however, traffic volumes and congestion may return to normal levels or worse after the shelter-in-place orders are lifted, due to the avoidance of public transportation. disposable, non-biodegradable face masks and latex gloves used during the pandemic have been discarded on sidewalks and in lakes, raising concern about new sources of litter going into the san francisco bay at a time when fewer volunteers are available to pick up litter.