fish waste, bone meal and bean oil cake and water to reach 60% moisture level (damp enough that the material maintains its shape when squeezed by hand). the mixture produces hormones such as auxin (from yeast and filamentous fungus) gibberellins from red fungus and cytokines from germs and yeast. dry compost ferments the same ingredients except water with commercial organic fertilizer for 7–14 days. rice bran/rapeseed another approach surrounds a dampened 10:1 rice bran/tree leaf mixture with a 30:4;2:1:1 mix of rapeseed oil residue/fish waster/bone meal/crab shell/bean cake oil mix, amended with knf inputs and dampened to reach 50–60% moisture content. the mixture is covered with rice straw sprayed with wsp or biochar. lactic acid bacteria lactic acid bacteria (lab) are anaerobic. in the absence of oxygen, they metabolize sugar into lactic acid. lab improve soil ventilation, promoting rapid growth of fruit trees and leaf vegetables. lab ferment "rice wash water" (water that has been used to wash rice), producing a sour smell when complete, then diluted and fermented again with 3-10: 1 with raw (preferred) or pasteurized milk. and fermented a third time after removing flotsam and jetsam and diluting with bs/j 1:1. combining lab with fpj increases effectiveness. minerals knf provides techniques for converting essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium into a form suitable for absorption by plants, by making them water-soluble. many inorganic mineral sources cannot be processed by plants. the resulting solutions may contain allergens. water-soluble calcium calcium (ca) is a common substance. however, the majority exists in the form of calcium carbonate (caco3), which cannot be directly absorbed by plants. egg, clam or other shells can be turned into an excellent source of bio-available, water-soluble calcium (wsca). adequate ca prevents overgrowth, firms fruit, prolongs durability, promotes the absorption of phosphoric acid, helps crops to accumulate and utilize nutrients, is the major component in forming cell membranes, enables smooth cell division and removes harmful substances by binding with organic acids. signs of ca deficiency include underdeveloped roots, discoloured, dry leaves, empty bean pods, poor ripening, soft flesh, insufficient fragrance. leafy vegetables may contract rhizoctonia, while root vegetables become spongy/hollow, lack sugar and fragrance and lack durability in storage. rice and barley may display low starch, lack of lustre and fragrance and low resistance. wsca is produced by grilling and crushing cleaned egg shells and steeping them in brv until no bubbles are present. the bubbles indicate that the vinegar is reacting with organic matter to produce co2. water-soluble calcium phosphate calcium phosphate is soluble in acids, but insoluble in water. bones including faa leftovers can be converted into a source of bio-accessible calcium, phosphate and other minerals by boiling them to create a traditional bone broth. the (edible) broth is removed from the bone residue and the bones are burnt to charcoal at low heat. the bones are diluted with 10x brv and steeped until the bubbling stops (7–10 days). water-soluble phosphoric acid phosphoric acid makes up part of the cell nucleus and reproductive system. phosphoric acid is involved in photo phosphorylation and electron transport in photosynthesis, anabolite transport and in protein synthesis. deficiency hinders cell division and reproduction. symptoms first appear on the petiole and veins of older leaves. new leaves grow slowly and are dark in colour. flowering is reduced knf water-soluble phosphoric acid (wspa), is made by burning phosphoric acid-rich sesame stems into charcoal. the charcoal is soaked in aerated water to dissolve the acid. water-soluble potassium although soils that have been treated with lime may have substantial potassium (k), it may be in an insoluble form. potassium deficiency can also occur in sandy soil which has less humus. k does not become part of plant structure, but acts to regulate water balances, nutrient and sugar movement and drives starch and protein synthesis and legume nitrogen fixation. prior to fruiting, its principal function is to grow meristematic tissues. k promotes the synthesis of carbon dioxide fixing enzymes, decreases the diffusive resistance of co2 in the leaf and activates various enzyme reaction systems. potassium is highly mobile in plants. leaf potassium content decreases rapidly during fruiting because the fruit requires substantial k. symptoms of k deficiency include lower growth rates, smaller fruit and seed sizes, reduced root systems, disease and winterkill susceptibility and lower moisture and nitrogen absorption and content. chlorosis starts from old leaves after k moves to other plant parts. their edges become yellowish-brown and appear as a spot in the middle of leaves in some plants. water-soluble potassium (wsk) is made from steeping bite-sized pieces of tobacco stems in water for 7 days and diluting the result 30:1 with water. seawater lower-salinity surface seawater and/or brackish water carries beneficial microbes. fermenting this water (diluted 30:1 with freshwater and again 200:1 with rice-washed water), ohn and mugwort/dropwort diluted fpj, uncovered, for a few days increases microbial populations. biochar biochar is a porous charcoal that has been designed to produce high surface area per unit volume and small amounts of residual resins. biochar serves as a catalyst that enhances plant uptake of nutrients and water. its surface area and porosity enable it to adsorb or retain nutrients and water and provide a microorganism habitat. bacterial mineral water bacteria mineral water (bmw) steeps granite, limestone, basalt, elvan and other basaltic rocks along with imo4 to leach minerals from the rocks, recirculating the output with refreshed imo4 to increase mineral concentrations. silicon can be pulled out of basalt#life on basaltic rocksic rock with oxygenated water. o2 reacts with the si out of the rock to form sio2 (glass). the rock becomes a reddish dirt. the significant amounts of reduced iron, fe(ii), and manganese, mn(ii), present in basaltic rocks provide potential energy sources for bacteria. bmw are abundant minerals and trace elements. it promotes plant growth, improves storability and deodorizes manure. soil in knf existing soil is amended by a mixture of cultured microorganisms, biochar and growth media. microorganisms accelerate the conversion of organic compounds and other nutrients from dead plants and animals into a readily-absorbable form. outputs can include antibiotics, enzymes and lactic acids that can suppress diseases and promote healthy soil conditions. the basic approach proceeds in four steps, each of which produces a usable amendment. the process takes 3 to 4 weeks. microorganism recruitment (imo1) a cloth-covered wooden or cardboard box containing fairly dry steamed rice and a few bamboo leaves in a shady area protected from rain left 4–5 days attracts and nourishes local microorganisms. microorganisms from a somewhat higher altitude than the target fields tend to be more robust. successful recruitment is indicated by the presence of a white fuzz. black, green or other prominent colors indicate unwanted strains, requiring a restart. mixing cultures from different locations, sun exposures and weather increases diversity. other ways to collect imo include filling the hollow core of a freshly-cut bamboo stump with rice or placing the collection box in a rice paddy after harvest. bs/j nourishment (imo2) diluting the "inhabited" rice with an equal amount of bs/j or jaggery provides nourishment for microorganism growth. after the microorganisms consume the sugar (7 days) the result can be used immediately or stored. mill run of wheat (imo3) a mix of 40 millilitres (1.4 imp fl oz; 1.4 us fl oz) of imo2 with 42.5 ml of brv, 42.5 ml of fpj and 21.2 ml of ohn with 30 pounds of wheat mill run or rice bran dampened with 20 litres (5.3 us gal) of water provides a medium for further imo culturing. the result can be extended with 4 litres (1.1 us gal) of biochar. the highly porous biochar provides superior habitat for imo flourishing and retains carbon in the soil. imo3 is fermented in 12-inch high shaded furrows for 7 days, sheltered from rain and covered with straw mats or gunny bags, turning as needed to ensure that its internal temperature remains around 110 °f (43 °c). the resulting mixture's moisture level should be approximately 40%. alternative dilutants are rice bran or rice flour. soil (imo4) diluting imo3 with an equal amount of soil, half from the field and half from a locally fertile area allows the microorganisms to reach a larger area. alternative mixture (imo-a) another source recommends an alternative mixture as follows, for each hectare: final mixture ingredientquantity imo – 21,250 ml fpj1,250 ml ohn1,250 ml brv1,250 ml lab750 ml wscp750 ml faa750 ml biochar125 kg soil1250 kg salt water7.5 l water500 l farmyard manure2,500 kg applications soil enrichment imo3 or imo4 can be distributed thinly on a field, covered with a layer of mulch to retain moisture and provide a dark environment for further imo growth. imo-a should be applied 7 days before planting, 2–3 hours before sunset and a few hours after mixing. for unproductive fields, apply 14 days before planting. lab (diluted 5-10000:1) solubilizes phosphate in phosphate-accumulated soil and encourages phosphate decomposition. sun-dried salt can be applied to soil at 5 kg for every 10 acres. fertilizer fmc applied 2–3 hours before sunset on a cloudy day and covered with soil/mulch (or lightly plowed with a 1 to 2 inch rotary hoe adds nutrients and microorganisms to depleted soil. alternatively, fmc can produce liquid fertilizer by placing it in a cloth bag and immersing in water with other knf inputs. foliar feeding other inputs are applied directly via foliar feeding to crops at different stages of crop development. foliar delivery reduce the amount of nutrients required, since they are delivered directly to the plant. young seedlings with smaller root systems can still be effectively nourished during the reproductive stage when root activity decreases. foliar nutrient uptake during the reproductive stage is increased due to a decrease in root activity, and the ability to modify the nutrient inputs accordingly. nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients bind with the soil complex easily, making them unavailable for crops. more soluble nutrients such as nitrogen easily leach from the soil and end up polluting groundwater or streams. seeds/seedlings knf prepares seeds for planting by soaking them in a mixture of 2 parts fpj, 2 parts brv, 1 part ohn in 1000 parts water. soak fast-germinating seeds such as turnip, cabbage and bean for 2 hours. soak average-germinating seeds such as cucumber, melon, lotus and squash for 4 hours. soak slow-germinating seeds such as rice, barley and tomato for 7 hours. soak other seeds such as potato, ginger, garlic and taro for 0.5–1 hours. underdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 ml of faa added to this mix. overdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 ml of wsca added to the mix. vegetative growth initially, fpj (diluted 1000:1) from mugwort (artemisia vulgaris) and bamboo shoots help crops become cold-resistant and grow fast and strong. later arrowroot and water/marsh plants with a firm stem help provide nitrogen (diluted 800 1000:1). nitrogen-rich faa can support vegetative plant growth. for leafy vegetables, it is possible to use faa continuously to increase yield and improve taste and fragrance. mackerel amino acids help control mites and the green house whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum). wsca sprayed on leaves enhances growth. lab helps increase fruit and leaf size, but the amount of lab used should be reduced at later growth stages. flowering use ffj from grape, papaya, mulberry or raspberry on fruit crops to provide phosporic acid. alternatively, apply water-soluble calcium phosphate wcap (diluted 1:1000) or a mixture of water-soluble phosphorus wpa and wsca. wsca helps the plant to accumulate nutrients in flower buds, improving future yields and fruit quality. use seawater for seedling treatment of onions, big leeks and garlic. fruiting wsca and ffj from apple, banana, mango, papaya, peach, and grape enhance flavor and firmness of fruit. fermented seawater increase fruit's sugar content and enhance ripening. fermented seawater prevents and controls anthracnose. animal husbandry cultured soil can be used in a piggery or hen house. it converts excrement into soil and thereby allows the piggery to operate without the noxious emissions that have afflicted hog production since agriculture began. with no effluent, the piggery no longer attracts flies and does not require periodic cleaning. no special ventilation is used. pens are laid with sawdust and wood chips with imo to break down the manure. hogs are fed agricultural waste. lab mixed with fpj and optionally wsca can be used as drinking water for livestock, to help