to be president and published "the unconscious of a conservative: a special issue on the mind of barry goldwater." this led to the adoption of an ethical rule against diagnosis of public figures by a clinician who has not performed an examination or been authorized to release information by the patient. this became the goldwater rule. in the 1970s, martha beall mitchell, wife of u.s. attorney general john mitchell, was diagnosed with a paranoid mental disorder for claiming that the administration of president richard m. nixon was engaged in illegal activities. many of her claims were later proved correct, and the term "martha mitchell effect" was coined to describe mental health misdiagnoses when accurate claims are dismissed as delusional. in 2010, the book the protest psychosis: how schizophrenia became a black disease by psychiatrist jonathan metzl (who also has a ph.d. in american studies) was published. the book covers the history of the 1960s ionia state hospital located in ionia, michigan and now converted to a prison and focuses on exposing the trend of this hospital to diagnose african americans with schizophrenia because of their civil rights ideas. the book suggests that in part the sudden influx of such diagnoses could be traced to a change in wording in the dsm-ii, which compared to the previous edition added "hostility" and "aggression" as signs of the disorder. clinical psychologist bruce e. levine, argues that oppositional defiant disorder, which can be easily used to pathologize anti-authoritarianism, is an abuse of psychiatry. in 2014, the mercury news published a series of articles detailing questionable use of psychotropic drugs within california's foster care system where bad behavior is attributed to various mental conditions, and little care is provided besides drugs. likewise, many experts questioned the long-term effects of high dosages on developing brains, and some former patients reported permanent side effects even after stopping the meds. california "5150 (involuntary psychiatric hold)" – there are many instances of usage of california law section 5150, which allows for involuntary psychiatric hold based on the opinion of a law enforcement official, psychological professional (or many other individuals who hold no qualification for making psychological assessment), which have been challenged as being unrelated to safety, and misused as an extension of political power. new york whistleblowers who part ranks with their organizations have had their mental stability questioned, such as, for example, nypd veteran adrian schoolcraft who was coerced to falsify crime statistics in his department and then became a whistleblower. in 2010 he was forcibly committed to a psychiatric hospital.