mupapillomavirus mupapillomavirus mupapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family papillomaviridae. humans serve as natural hosts. there are three species in this genus. diseases associated with this genus include palmoplantar warts. mupapillomavirus virus classification (unranked): virus realm: monodnaviria kingdom: shotokuvirae phylum: cossaviricota class: papovaviricetes order: zurhausenvirales family: papillomaviridae genus: mupapillomavirus taxonomy the following three species are assigned to the genus: mupapillomavirus 1 mupapillomavirus 2 mupapillomavirus 3 structure viruses in mupapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and t=7 symmetry. the diameter is around 52-55 nm. genomes are circular, around 8kb in length. genusstructuresymmetrycapsidgenomic arrangementgenomic segmentation mupapillomavirusicosahedralt=7non-envelopedcircularmonopartite life cycle viral replication is nuclear. entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. replication follows the dsdna bidirectional replication model. dna-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. the virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. human serve as the natural host. transmission routes are contact. genushost detailstissue tropismentry detailsrelease detailsreplication siteassembly sitetransmission mupapillomavirushumansepithelial: mucous; epithelial: skincell receptor endocytosislysisnucleusnucleuscontact