suicide in the united states suicide in the united states suicide is a major national public health issue in the united states. the country has one of the highest suicide rates among wealthy nations. since the beginning of 2023, there have been an average of about 67 suicide deaths per day in the united states. in 2020, there were 45,799 recorded suicides, up from 42,773 in 2014, according to the cdc's national center for health statistics (nchs). on average, adjusted for age, the annual u.s. suicide rate increased 30% between 2000 and 2020, from 10.4 to 13.5 suicides per 100,000 people. in 2018, 14.2 people per 100,000 died by suicide, the highest rate recorded in more than 30 years. due to the stigma surrounding suicide, it is suspected that suicide is generally underreported. in april 2016, the cdc released data showing that the suicide rate in the united states had hit a 30-year high, and later in june 2018, released further data showing that the rate has continued to increase and has increased in every u.s. state except nevada since 1999. from 2000 to 2020, more than 800,000 people died by suicide in the united states, with males representing 78.7% of all suicides that happened between 2000 and 2020. surging death rates from suicide, drug overdoses and alcoholism, what researchers refer to as "deaths of despair", are largely responsible for a consecutive three year decline of life expectancy in the u.s. this constitutes the first three-year drop in life expectancy in the u.s. since the years 1915–1918. suicide rate by county 2016-2020 average rate per 100,000 no data 5 10 15 20 25 30 in 2015, suicide was the seventh leading cause of death for males and the 14th leading cause of death for females. additionally, it was the second leading cause of death for young people aged 10 to 34. from 1999 to 2010, the suicide rate among americans aged 35 to 64 increased nearly 30 percent. the largest increases were among women aged 60 to 64, with rates rising 60 percent, then men in their fifties, with rates rising nearly 50 percent. in 2008, it was observed that u.s. suicide rates, particularly among middle-aged white women, had increased, although the causes were unclear. as of 2018, about 1.7 percent of all deaths were suicides. the u.s. government seeks to prevent suicides through its national strategy for suicide prevention, a collaborative effort of the substance abuse and mental health services administration, centers for disease control and prevention, national institutes of health, health resources and services administration, and the indian health service. their plan consists of eleven goals aimed at preventing suicides. older adults are disproportionately likely to die by suicide. some u.s. jurisdictions have laws against suicide or against assisting suicide. in recent years, there has been increased interest in rethinking these laws. suicide has been associated with tough economic conditions, including unemployment rate. there are significant variations in the suicide rates of the different states, ranging from 28.89 per 100,000 people in montana to 8.11 per 100,000 people in new york. a firearm is used in approximately half of suicides, accounting for two-thirds of all firearm deaths. firearms were used in 56.9% of suicides among males in 2016, making it the most commonly used method by them. on july 16, 2022, the united states transitioned the national suicide hotline from the former 10-digit number into the 988 suicide & crisis lifeline, linking both the national suicide hotline, the veterans crisis line, and a network of more than 200 state and local call centers run through samhsa, the substance abuse and mental health services administration. trends in suicide attempts crude suicide rate in the united states, 1981–2016 the spike in suicide rates in the united states during the 21st century has gained public and clinical attention. studies have found that despite efforts to minimize suicide rates, rates have steadily increased by approximately 2% per year from 2006 to 2014. a national epidemiologic survey of 69,341 us adults found the percentage of adults attempting suicide increased from 0.62% in 2004 through 2005 to 0.79% in 2012 through 2013. because of this, clinicians aim to determine whether this is a coincident national increase in suicide attempts. in order to achieve this, trends in suicide attempts are characterized among sociodemographic and clinical groups. it was found that suicide attempts impact "younger adults with less formal education and those with antisocial personality disorder, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and a history of violence” at disproportional rates. it is important for trends in suicide attempts to be investigated and researched for they help to determine the cause of the increase in suicide rates. knowing the trends in suicide also allow preventative measures to be taken. suicide prevention is possible through early identification and treatment of individuals deemed high risk. suicide as a public health issue age-adjusted suicide rate in the united states, 1981–2016 suicide prevention has been thought of as the responsibility of mental health professionals within clinical settings between 2000 and 2010. as of 2019, suicide prevention is being recognized as a public health responsibility rather than within clinical settings due to the trend in increasing suicide rates. in 1960–2010, population-based risk reduction approaches have been used for other diseases such as myocardial infarction. however, as of 2019, the urgency of development of effective suicide prevention has been recognized by the cdc. while suicide is often thought of as an individual problem, suicides may impact families, communities, and society in general. the responsibility of public health would be to develop policies to reduce people's risk of suicidal behavior through addressing factors at the individual to societal levels. "public health emphasizes efforts to prevent violence (in this case, toward oneself) before it happens. this approach requires addressing factors that put people at risk for, or protect them from, engaging in suicidal behavior." the cdc has created a national suicide prevention lifeline where they provide free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources for people who are in need of such help, and best practices for professionals. in may 2019, bloomberg reported that in spite of the recent mental health crisis, insurance companies, including unitedhealth group, are doing what they can to limit coverage and deny claims for mental health related issues. a 2019 study by the national bureau of economic research found a direct causal link between worker's wages and suicide rates, and that raising the minimum wage would result in a quick drop in the suicide rate. total suicides in the united states, 1981–2016 in august 2020, during the covid-19 pandemic, a survey conducted by the cdc found that 25.5 percent of people aged between 18 and 24 have seriously contemplated suicide within the last 30 days. for the age group 25 to 44, it was 16 percent. glenn greenwald of the intercept said of the findings: in a remotely healthy society, one that provides basic emotional needs to its population, suicide and serious suicidal ideation are rare events. it is anathema to the most basic human instinct: the will to live. a society in which such a vast swath of the population is seriously considering it as an option is one which is anything but healthy, one which is plainly failing to provide its citizens the basic necessities for a fulfilling life. subgroups age and sex cdc data on suicides by age group in 2015 cdc data on suicide rate by race and gender in 2015 the national violent death reporting system (nvdrs) keeps data on u.s. suicides. number of suicides by age group and sex in 2016 age (years) 10 – 14 15 – 24 25 – 34 35 – 44 45 – 54 55 – 64 65 – 74 75+ unknown all males 2654575588752946198574534633291 234727 females 17111481479173622392014940510 110238 male/female ratio 1.54.04.03.02.82.93.76.5 2.03.4 total 4365723736670308437775944033801 344965 based on the nvdrs 2016 data, the new york times acknowledged that, among men, those over 65—who make up a smaller proportion of the population—are at greatest risk of death by suicide. the nvdrs 2015 data showed that, among men of all races, men over 65 were the most likely to die of suicides (27.67 suicides per 100,000), closely followed by men 40–64 (27.10 suicides per 100,000). men 20–39 (23.41 per 100,000) and 15–19 (13.81 per 100,000) were less likely to die of suicides. the american foundation for suicide prevention reported that in 2016 suicide was the tenth leading cause of death in the u.s., imposing a cost of $69 billion to the us annually. in 2016, middle aged white males were considerably more likely to die than other demographic groups, however native americans had the highest age-adjusted suicide rate. the suicide rate increased considerably among middle aged white women from 1999-2017. race native americans and white americans have the highest suicide rate in the united states. however, more recently, the cdc reported that suicides have sharply increased among people of color, while the white american suicide rate has decreased. the suicide rate increased by nearly 20% for african americans, while the native american rate increased by 26%. white americans were the only group in america to experience a decline in suicide rate. the age-adjusted non-hispanic white suicide rate declined by nearly 4%. by state there are significant variations in the suicide rates of the different states. a number of theories for these differences have been suggested, ranging from socioeconomics (rural poverty) to access to firearms and social isolation (low population densities), and a study in 2011 found a correlation between altitude above sea level and suicide. suicide rate by state (2019) rank state suicide rateper 100,000 people 1 wyoming 29.3 2 alaska 28.5 3 montana 26.2 4 new mexico 24 5 colorado 22.1 6 utah 21.2 7 south dakota 20.9 8 oklahoma 20.5 9 oregon 20.4 10 idaho 20.4 11 nevada 19.8 12 maine 19.4 13 arizona 18.7 14 west virginia 18.5 15 missouri 18.2 16 kansas 18.2 17 north dakota 18.1 18 arkansas 18 19 new hampshire 17.5 20 tennessee 17.2 21 iowa 16.7 22 kentucky 16.5 23 alabama 16.3 24 south carolina 16.2 25 nebraska 16.1 26 vermont 16 27 washington 15.9 28 hawaii 15.5 29 ohio 15.1 30 louisiana 15 31 georgia 14.6 32 florida 14.5 33 mississippi 14.4 34 minnesota 14.4 35 michigan 14.3 36 indiana 14.2 37 pennsylvania 14.1 38 wisconsin 14 39 texas 13.4 40 virginia 12.8 41 north carolina 12.5 42 connecticut 11.4 43 delaware 11.3 44 illinois 10.9 45 rhode island 10.7 46 california 10.7 47 maryland 10.3 48 massachusetts 8.7 49 new york 8.3 50 new jersey 8 college students main article: suicide in colleges in the united states crude suicide rate in the united states by age, 1981–2016 for college students, suicide is the second highest cause of death. the risk tends to be underestimated, as many falsely believe that young people do not have thoughts about suicide. the suicide rate for male students is about three times higher than that of female students. the study of suicide rates and trends was not common in the past, but it has gained more attention in 2019. from 1990 to 2004, about 1,404 college students died by suicide. this is about 6.5 percent of those who died by suicide nationwide. in 2014, the adjusted age rate was higher for male than female: the suicide rate for males was 20.7 per 100,000 while the rate for females was 5.8 per 100,000. while counseling services can help prevent suicide, resource availability may be insufficient. students who do not go to counseling services are at 18 times more at risk of suicide compared to those who do. if a college student has any suicidal thoughts, it is always critical to let others, such as members of the school, family, or friends know. occupation