announced on march 15 that the villages of greenhills and west crame were identified as coronavirus hotspots after four salon workers in greenhills tested positive for the virus. zamora thus declared a state of calamity in the city and ordered the temporary closure of all malls in the city, as well as all churches. on march 26, mayor zamora announced that the san juan government had reached an agreement with xavier school to convert the san juan city science high school into a 100-bed isolation facility for covid-19 puis in the city. xavier school would assist the government in providing necessary medical equipment, medicines, and front line personnel. on march 31, mayor zamora signed an ordinance prohibiting the sale, distribution, and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the quarantine period. taguig taguig mayor lino cayetano ordered a lockdown on the city on march 17 after four of its residents tested positive for covid-19; the lockdown only permits delivery vehicles of basic goods and supplies to enter and exit taguig. the city government collaborated with transportation groups and barangays to organize point-to-point transportation services for its residents to access basic supplies amid the moratorium on mass public transportation. mayor cayetano warned barangay officials against collecting payment fees while issuing the city's health professionals and other essential workers special permits to freely roam around the city at any time during the luzon-wide enhanced community quarantine. during the enhanced community quarantine, health workers from the taguig health office had been distributing condoms, birth control pills, medication for tuberculosis and hiv, and vitamins for hypertension and diabetes to residents for free. on march 28, the taguig government launched telemedicine consultation services for its residents to lessen mobility during the quarantine period. on march 19, the city began distributing health kits, which includes vitamin c and a coronavirus information brochure, to the city's senior citizens and those with underlying health conditions. the government also plans to distribute around 2,000 grocery packs door-to-door to the city's households in order to limit the movement of people. on march 30, the taguig city government announced that around 15,000 members of accredited jeepney, tricycle, and pedicab operators and drivers associations in the city would receive a subsidy of ₱4,000 ($79.24). some tricycles drivers have offered to transport front liners around the city. the city has converted a hostel at the technological university of the philippines, the hagonoy sports complex, the taguig city disability and development center, the taguig lakeshore hall in new lower bicutan, and a building in ibayo tipas, into isolation facilities for covid-19 patients in case the taguig–pateros district hospital reaches its maximum capacity. amid reports that some residents of the bonifacio global city have been jogging and leisurely walking outside their homes, mayor cayetano warned on april 9 that "authorities will not hesitate to arrest" residents who engage in outdoor activities during the enhanced community quarantine. valenzuela on march 13, the valenzuela city council approved an ordinance prohibiting the hoarding and panic buying of essential goods. valenzuela mayor rex gatchalian announced on march 15 the cancellation of several scheduled events, namely the top taxpayers and top job providers' night and concert, mega job fair, and the weekend family day activities in public schools, to prevent the spread of the virus amongst large crowds. gatchalian placed the city under a state of calamity, the following day. gatchalian announced on march 17 that ₱500–700-worth of vouchers would be issued to some 75,000 valenzuelaño families for which they could use to claim essential goods at groceries. the city's government would also distribute food packages to families registered under the conditional cash transfer program. he assured the city's health professionals that they would be issued special permits for easier entry into the city borders, amid the establishment of checkpoints in accordance with the national government's directives regarding the partial lockdown. the valenzuela government established two centralized isolation centers on march 19 to accommodate suspected cases of covid-19 and confirmed patients. the government also automated its contact tracing system. a designated dormitory within the city was opened for medical workers from obando, bulacan, who could not return home due to the lockdown. on march 25, the valenzuela city council passed an ordinance prohibiting the sale, distribution, and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the enhanced community quarantine. on march 29, the valenzuela government partnered with the valdeco greenleaf market to launch a mobile market system. mayor gatchalian said that he was inspired by the pasig government's "mobile palengke" initiative and sought pasig mayor vico sotto's permission. the government utilized electric tricycles, instead of trucks like in pasig, to suit the city's smaller terrain roads. logo of valtrace, a contact tracing system in valenzuela the valenzuela government partnered with the medical city to provide free "mass testing" for covid-19 to the city's residents, starting april 11. the public-private partnership deal, which mayor gatchalian noted was the first in the country to provide covid-19 "mass testing", was signed on april 4. gatchalian stated his government would be responsible for the purchase and supply of the test kits, while the laboratory tests and the analysis and interpretation of results would be conducted by the medical city. aside from tmc, they are also partnering with detoxicare molecular diagnostics laboratory to expedite the testing processes. on november 9, 2020, mayor gatchalian announced the application and use of valtrace which aims to enhance the state of contact tracing in the city. the said program was put into use on november 16, 2020. medical response face masks and respiratory hygiene on april 2, the iatf-eid declared that wearing face masks will be mandatory over the entire luzon for the duration of the enhanced community quarantine, including metro manila. residents are now required to wear surgical masks, do-it-yourself masks, handkerchiefs, or improvised cloth that covers the nose and mouth at all times, amid the shortage of available face masks globally. local government units are urged to issue necessary executive orders or ordinances to require the use of face mask and impose penalties for offenders. earlier, muntinlupa had already passed an ordinance requiring its residents to wear face masks on march 30, followed by makati on april 13. disease testing there are 191 licensed rt-pcr testing laboratories nationwide, 91 of which are in metro manila. the first localized covid-19 mass testing began on valenzuela on april 11, which was administered for free to susceptible and probable residents, front line health workers and returning overseas filipinos. on april 13, the manila city government announced its capability to conduct its own localized targeted mass testing, which can produce up to 1,624 tests per week. on april 14, the city of manila, quezon city and muntinlupa began their own localized mass testing. it was followed by parañaque (april 20), mandaluyong and taguig (april 22), and makati (april 30). vaccination main article: covid-19 vaccination in the philippines vaccination in metro manila, as well as the rest of the philippines, began on march 1, 2021, at the philippine general hospital in manila. to achieve herd immunity, 9,171,286 people in the region must be fully vaccinated. as of august 15, 2021, 6,457,065 have been vaccinated with at least one dose, while 4,092,973 people have been fully vaccinated. impact a coronavirus warning sign at the entrance of the podium mall in ortigas center, mandaluyong. crime and disobedience on march 22, the philippine national police (pnp) reported that crime rates in metro manila decreased by almost 70 percent, according to data between march 15 to 20 during the implementation of the partial metro manila lockdown and the luzon-wide enhanced community quarantine. during that period, the pnp reported only seven cases of murder, ten cases of homicide, 11 cases of physical injury (compared to 41 last year), five cases of rape (compared to 23 last year), 18 cases of robbery (compared to 50 last year), and 24 cases of theft (compared to 68 last year). the pnp attributed the decline in crime rates to the implementation of strict home quarantine measures. on april 1, 21 protesters in quezon city were arrested for organizing a rally "without government permit." the protesters claimed that the quezon city government failed to provide them basic necessities, especially food, during the quarantine; the quezon city government denied the claims. the city's mayor, joy belmonte, ordered the release of the protesters "in the interim for humanitarian reasons" and issued them a warning instead. the pnp stated that it would file charges against the protesters as mass gatherings are prohibited under the enhanced community quarantine. senator francis pangilinan announced that he, his wife sharon cuneta, and their daughter would shoulder the ₱15,000 ($296.57) bail for each of the arrested protesters. actress jodi sta. maria stated that she would also contribute to the bail. decline in night light radiance across metro manila during covid-19 (march 1 – june 30, 2020) economy being the economic hub of the philippines, the metro manila economy comprises 38.1% of the country's gross domestic product. the imposition of president duterte's partial lockdown on the region on march 16 and the enhanced community quarantine on luzon that superseded it impacts heavily on the philippine economy as a whole. bangko sentral ng pilipinas governor benjamin diokno and national economic and development authority director-general ernesto pernia forecast that, due to the imposition of the enhanced community quarantine on luzon, contractions in the national economic growth would likely be experienced in the second and third quarters of the year. diokno and pernia stated that, consequently, the philippines would likely enter a recession in 2020. following the partial lockdown on metro manila, incidents of panic buying and hoarding were reported and became widespread across the region. this prompted most local governments to issue anti-hoarding and panic buying ordinances. severe congestion at the port of manila was reported on march 30 after the region was placed under lockdown with many unclaimed food cargoes and overstaying containers. education the college of the holy spirit manila will close in 2022 after 109 years of operation due to losses caused by the pandemic. on march 12, classes were suspended in metro manila until april 12 when president rodrigo duterte raised the status of the covid-19 pandemic in the whole philippines to "code red sub-level 2" as part of a partial lockdown measure on metro manila. the class suspensions were later extended up to april 14 through a memorandum circular released by malacañang on march 14. the extension of the enhanced community quarantine prompted the ateneo de manila university to shorten its semester and pass all its students, automatically promoting them. the university announced that students would receive a refund of ₱20,000 ($395.75) from their tuition fees. on december 1, 2020, the commission on higher education (ched) inspected our lady of fatima university following the university's request to conduct limited face-to-face classes for their medical courses. other schools, including centro escolar university in manila, were also allowed to conduct limited face-to-face classes following their inspection by the ched. entertainment on march 13, the mmda announced a postponement of the 1st metro manila summer film festival as a result of the pandemic. the philippine amusement and gaming corporation ordered the suspension of all gaming operations in metro manila, including the land-based casinos in entertainment city and newport city, on march 15. the gaming regulator also announced that they were limiting the operations of philippine offshore gaming operations in the region. environment the department of environment and natural resources (denr) reported that the air quality index of different cities in metro manila had improved, following the implementation of the enhanced community quarantine on luzon. the cities with the lowest amounts of inhalable coarse particulate matter (pm10) were parañaque (7), marikina (9), san juan (17), malabon (22), taguig (32), and pasay (43), all reporting "good" values of air quality; meanwhile, the cities of pasig (53), makati (54), las piñas (86), and northern caloocan (92) all reported "moderate/fair" values. the denr collected the data after photos surfaced on social media depicting smog-free skylines of some of the aforementioned cities, which is likely a result of minimized activity due to the pandemic. medical facilities by march 26, eight private hospitals in metro manila announced that it had reached its maximum capacity to handle any covid-19-related case. these hospitals were namely the asian hospital and medical center in