of the biological working group issued a report supporting a global neuroinformatics effort. koslow, working with the nih and the white house office of science and technology policy to establishing a new neuroinformatics working group to develop specific recommendation to support the more general recommendations of the first report. the global science forum (gsf; renamed from msf) of the oecd supported this recommendation. community institute of neuroinformatics, university of zurich the institute of neuroinformatics was established at the university of zurich and eth zurich at the end of 1995. the mission of the institute is to discover the key principles by which brains work and to implement these in artificial systems that interact intelligently with the real world. institute for adaptive and neural computation, school of informatics, university of edinburgh computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics group in institute for adaptive and neural computation of university of edinburgh's school of informatics study how the brain processes information. the international neuroinformatics coordinating facility an international organization with the mission to develop, evaluate, and endorse standards and best practices that embrace the principles of open, fair, and citable neuroscience. as of october 2019, the incf has active nodes in 18 countries. this committee presented 3 recommendations to the member governments of gsf. these recommendations were: national neuroinformatics programs should be continued or initiated in each country should have a national node to both provide research resources nationally and to serve as the contact for national and international coordination. an international neuroinformatics coordinating facility should be established. the incf will coordinate the implementation of a global neuroinformatics network through integration of national neuroinformatics nodes. a new international funding scheme should be established. this scheme should eliminate national and disciplinary barriers and provide a most efficient approach to global collaborative research and data sharing. in this new scheme, each country will be expected to fund the participating researchers from their country. the gsf neuroinformatics committee then developed a business plan for the operation, support and establishment of the incf which was supported and approved by the gsf science ministers at its 2004 meeting. in 2006 the incf was created and its central office established and set into operation at the karolinska institute, stockholm, sweden under the leadership of sten grillner. sixteen countries (australia, canada, china, the czech republic, denmark, finland, france, germany, india, italy, japan, the netherlands, norway, sweden, switzerland, the united kingdom and the united states), and the eu commission established the legal basis for the incf and programme in international neuroinformatics (pin). to date, eighteen countries (australia, belgium, czech republic, finland, france, germany, india, italy, japan, malaysia, netherlands, norway, poland, republic of korea, sweden, switzerland, the united kingdom and the united states) are members of the incf. membership is pending for several other countries. the goal of the incf is to coordinate and promote international activities in neuroinformatics. the incf contributes to the development and maintenance of database and computational infrastructure and support mechanisms for neuroscience applications. the system is expected to provide access to all freely accessible human brain data and resources to the international research community. the more general task of incf is to provide conditions for developing convenient and flexible applications for neuroscience laboratories in order to improve our knowledge about the human brain and its disorders. laboratory of neuroinformatics, nencki institute of experimental biology the main activity of the group is development of computational tools and models, and using them to understand brain structure and function. neuroimaging & neuroinformatics, howard florey institute, university of melbourne institute scientists utilize brain imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, to reveal the organization of brain networks involved in human thought. led by gary egan. montreal neurological institute, mcgill university led by alan evans, mcin conducts computationally-intensive brain research using innovative mathematical and statistical approaches to integrate clinical, psychological and brain imaging data with genetics. mcin researchers and staff also develop infrastructure and software tools in the areas of image processing, databasing, and high performance computing. the mcin community, together with the ludmer centre for neuroinformatics and mental health, collaborates with a broad range of researchers and increasingly focuses on open data sharing and open science, including for the montreal neurological institute. the thor center for neuroinformatics established april 1998 at the department of mathematical modelling, technical university of denmark. besides pursuing independent research goals, the thor center hosts a number of related projects concerning neural networks, functional neuroimaging, multimedia signal processing, and biomedical signal processing. the neuroinformatics portal pilot the project is part of a larger effort to enhance the exchange of neuroscience data, data-analysis tools, and modeling software. the portal is supported from many members of the oecd working group on neuroinformatics. the portal pilot is promoted by the german ministry for science and education. computational neuroscience, itb, humboldt-university berlin this group focuses on computational neurobiology, in particular on the dynamics and signal processing capabilities of systems with spiking neurons. led by andreas vm herz. the neuroinformatics group in bielefeld active in the field of artificial neural networks since 1989. current research programmes within the group are focused on the improvement of man-machine-interfaces, robot-force-control, eye-tracking experiments, machine vision, virtual reality and distributed systems. laboratory of computational embodied neuroscience (locen) this group, part of the institute of cognitive sciences and technologies, italian national research council (istc-cnr) in rome and founded in 2006 is currently led by gianluca baldassarre. it has two objectives: (a) understanding the brain mechanisms underlying learning and expression of sensorimotor behaviour, and related motivations and higher-level cognition grounded on it, on the basis of embodied computational models; (b) transferring the acquired knowledge to building innovative controllers for autonomous humanoid robots capable of learning in an open-ended fashion on the basis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. japan national neuroinformatics resource the visiome platform is the neuroinformatics search service that provides access to mathematical models, experimental data, analysis libraries and related resources. an online portal for neurophysiological data sharing is also available at brainliner.jp as part of the mext strategic research program for brain sciences (srpbs). laboratory for mathematical neuroscience, riken brain science institute (wako, saitama) the target of laboratory for mathematical neuroscience is to establish mathematical foundations of brain-style computations toward construction of a new type of information science. led by shun-ichi amari. netherlands state program in neuroinformatics started in the light of the international oecd global science forum which aim is to create a worldwide program in neuroinformatics. nust-seecs neuroinformatics research lab establishment of the neuro-informatics lab at seecs-nust has enabled pakistani researchers and members of the faculty to actively participate in such efforts, thereby becoming an active part of the above-mentioned experimentation, simulation, and visualization processes. the lab collaborates with the leading international institutions to develop highly skilled human resource in the related field. this lab facilitates neuroscientists and computer scientists in pakistan to conduct their experiments and analysis on the data collected using state of the art research methodologies without investing in establishing the experimental neuroscience facilities. the key goal of this lab is to provide state of the art experimental and simulation facilities, to all beneficiaries including higher education institutes, medical researchers/practitioners, and technology industry. the blue brain project the blue brain project was founded in may 2005, and uses an 8000 processor blue gene/l supercomputer developed by ibm. at the time, this was one of the fastest supercomputers in the world. the project involves: databases: 3d reconstructed model neurons, synapses, synaptic pathways, microcircuit statistics, computer model neurons, virtual neurons. visualization: microcircuit builder and simulation results visualizator, 2d, 3d and immersive visualization systems are being developed. simulation: a simulation environment for large-scale simulations of morphologically complex neurons on 8000 processors of ibm's blue gene supercomputer. simulations and experiments: iterations between large-scale simulations of neocortical microcircuits and experiments in order to verify the computational model and explore predictions. the mission of the blue brain project is to understand mammalian brain function and dysfunction through detailed simulations. the blue brain project will invite researchers to build their own models of different brain regions in different species and at different levels of detail using blue brain software for simulation on blue gene. these models will be deposited in an internet database from which blue brain software can extract and connect models together to build brain regions and begin the first whole brain simulations. genes to cognition project genes to cognition project, a neuroscience research programme that studies genes, the brain and behaviour in an integrated manner. it is engaged in a large-scale investigation of the function of molecules found at the synapse. this is mainly focused on proteins that interact with the nmda receptor, a receptor for the neurotransmitter, glutamate, which is required for processes of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (ltp). many of the techniques used are high-throughout in nature, and integrating the various data sources, along with guiding the experiments has raised numerous informatics questions. the program is primarily run by professor seth grant at the wellcome trust sanger institute, but there are many other teams of collaborators across the world. the carmen project the carmen project is a multi-site (11 universities in the united kingdom) research project aimed at using grid computing to enable experimental neuroscientists to archive their datasets in a structured database, making them widely accessible for further research, and for modellers and algorithm developers to exploit. ebi computational neurobiology, embl-ebi (hinxton) the main goal of the group is to build realistic models of neuronal function at various levels, from the synapse to the micro-circuit, based on the precise knowledge of molecule functions and interactions (systems biology). led by nicolas le novère. neurogenetics genenetwork genenetwork started as component of the nih human brain project in 1999 with a focus on the genetic analysis of brain structure and function. this international program consists of tightly integrated genome and phenome data sets for human, mouse, and rat that are designed specifically for large-scale systems and network studies relating gene variants to differences in mrna and protein expression and to differences in cns structure and behavior. the great majority of data are open access. genenetwork has a companion neuroimaging web site—the mouse brain library—that contains high resolution images for thousands of genetically defined strains of mice. the neuronal time series analysis (ntsa) ntsa workbench is a set of tools, techniques and standards designed to meet the needs of neuroscientists who work with neuronal time series data. the goal of this project is to develop information system that will make the storage, organization, retrieval, analysis and sharing of experimental and simulated neuronal data easier. the ultimate aim is to develop a set of tools, techniques and standards in order to satisfy the needs of neuroscientists who work with neuronal data. the cognitive atlas the cognitive atlas is a project developing a shared knowledge base in cognitive science and neuroscience. this comprises two basic kinds of knowledge: tasks and concepts, providing definitions and properties thereof, and also relationships between them. an important feature of the site is ability to cite literature for assertions (e.g. "the stroop task measures executive control") and to discuss their validity. it contributes to neurolex and the neuroscience information framework, allows programmatic access to the database, and is built around semantic web technologies. brain big data research group at the allen institute for brain science (seattle, wa) led by hanchuan peng, this group has focused on using large-scale imaging computing and data analysis techniques to reconstruct single neuron models and mapping them in brains of different animals.