and gradually tapers towards the top. some padded bras are made to suit deep-neck dresses. plunge bra covers the nipples and the lower part of the breasts while leaving the top part bare, making it suitable for low-cut tops and deep v-necks. plunge bras also have a lower, shorter and narrower center gore that maintains support while increasing cleavage by allowing the gore to drop several inches below the middle of the breasts. plunge bras may be padded or push the breasts together to create cleavage. push-up bras, which emerged in the mid-20th century, are designed to press the breasts upwards and closer together to give a fuller appearance with help of padded cups, differing from other padded bras in location of the pads. it leaves the upper and inner area of breasts uncovered adding more cleavage. most of the push-up bras have underwires for added lift and support, while the padding is commonly made of foam. wonderbra used to have 54 design elements in their push-up bras, including a three-part cup, underwires, a precision-angled back, rigid straps, and removable "cookies". in some forms of exercise, breasts unsupported by a sports bra are exposed to greater risk of droopiness. author taffy brodesser-akner claims that long hours wearing a sports bra or a push-up bra that presses breasts together can cause cleavage wrinkles, as does spending long hours sleeping on the side, during which the top breast bend past the body's midline. the deep vertical creases of these wrinkles stay longer as the collagen in skin start to break down with age and exposure to sun. women with bigger breasts, either natural or surgically enhanced, suffer more from cleavage wrinkles. there have been claims of bra designs that minimize cleavage wrinkles. cleavage wrinkles can also be reduced with botox and, according to samantha wilson, founder of skincare product manufacturer skin republic, by intense pulsed light (ipm), collagen induction therapy (cit) and high-intensity focused ultrasound. in 2009, slovenian lingerie manufacturer lisca introduced a high-tech "smart memory bra" that was supposed to push breasts further when its wearer becomes sexually aroused. tape and inserts cotton and silk bust improver, circa 1890 accessories, including lingerie tapes or duct tapes, removable gel pads, fabrics, silicone or microfiber inserts, and clothing—including socks—are used to enhance cleavage. many women, such as beauty pageant participants and transgender people, create cleavage by placing tape underneath and across their breasts, bending forward, tightly pulling them together and up. types of tape used include lingerie tape, surgical tape and athletic tape. some use a strip of moleskin under the breasts; this is held in place with tape. use of the wrong techniques or tape with too strong an adhesive can cause injuries such as rashes, blisters and torn skin. falsies, small silicone-gel pads that are similar to the removable pads sold with some push-up bras, are sometimes referred to colloquially as "chicken fillets". falsies evolved from the bosom pads of the 17th century that were often made of stiff rubber. by the mid 1800s,"bust improvers" were made using soft fabric pads of cotton and wool or inflatable rubber. in 1896, celluloid falsies were advertised and in the 20th century, soft foam rubber pads became available. young women, some as young as 15, were expected to wear falsies to fill out their bodices. for cross-dressers or trans women who have not undergone hormone therapy or breast augmentation, semi-rigid pieces of material such as plastic is sometimes applied to the skin using surgical tape, surgical adhesive, specialist adhesives or even general-purpose craft glue to get a feminine cleavage. surgery