list of neurological conditions and disorders list of neurological conditions and disorders this is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., aicardi syndrome). there is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as mental disorders or in other ways. # 22q13 deletion syndrome a abulia achromatopsia addiction acquired brain injury agraphia agnosia aicardi syndrome aids – neurological manifestations akinetopsia alcohol related brain damage alcoholism alcoholic dementia alien hand syndrome allan–herndon–dudley syndrome alternating hemiplegia of childhood alzheimer's disease amaurosis fugax amnesia amyotrophic lateral sclerosis acephalia aneurysm angelman syndrome anosognosia aphasia aphantasia apraxia arachnoiditis arnold–chiari malformation asomatognosia asperger syndrome ataxia atr-16 syndrome attention deficit hyperactivity disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder predominately inattentive auditory processing disorder autism spectrum disorder b back pain behçet's disease bell's palsy bipolar disorder blindsight blindness blurred vision brain damage brachial plexus injury brain death brain injury brain infarction brain tumor brody myopathy c canavan disease capgras delusion carpal tunnel syndrome causalgia central pain syndrome central pontine myelinolysis centronuclear myopathy cephalic disorder cerebral aneurysm cerebral arteriosclerosis cerebral atrophy cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy cerebral dysgenesis–neuropathy–ichthyosis–keratoderma syndrome cerebral gigantism cerebral palsy cerebral vasculitis cerebrospinal fluid leak cervical spinal stenosis charcot–marie–tooth disease chiari malformation chorea chronic fatigue syndrome chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy chronic pain cluster headache cockayne syndrome coffin–lowry syndrome coma complex post-traumatic stress disorder complex regional pain syndrome compression neuropathy congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy congenital facial diplegia color blindness cornelia de lange syndrome corticobasal degeneration cotard delusion cranial arteritis craniosynostosis creutzfeldt–jakob disease cumulative trauma disorders cushing's syndrome cyclic vomiting syndrome cyclothymic disorder cytomegalic inclusion body disease cytomegalovirus infection d dandy–walker syndrome dawson disease de morsier's syndrome dejerine–klumpke palsy dejerine–sottas disease delayed sleep phase disorder or syndrome dementia dermatillomania dermatomyositis developmental coordination disorder diabetic neuropathy disc herniation diffuse sclerosis diplopia disorders of consciousness distal hereditary motor neuropathy type v distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 distal spinal muscular atrophy type 2 dizziness down syndrome dravet syndrome duchenne muscular dystrophy dysarthria dysautonomia dyscalculia dysphagia dysgraphia dyskinesia dyslexia dystonia e empty sella syndrome encephalitis encephalocele encephalopathy encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis encopresis enuresis epilepsy epilepsy-intellectual disability in females erb's palsy erythromelalgia essential tremor exploding head syndrome f fabry's disease fahr's syndrome fainting familial spastic paralysis fetal alcohol syndrome febrile seizures fisher syndrome fibromyalgia foville's syndrome fragile x syndrome fragile x-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome friedreich's ataxia frontotemporal dementia functional neurological symptom disorder g gaucher's disease generalized anxiety disorder generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus gerstmann's syndrome giant cell arteritis giant cell inclusion disease globoid cell leukodystrophy gray matter heterotopia guillain–barré syndrome h head injury headache hemicrania continua hemifacial spasm hemispatial neglect hereditary motor neuropathies hereditary spastic paraplegia heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis herpes zoster herpes zoster oticus hirayama syndrome hirschsprung's disease holmes–adie syndrome holoprosencephaly htlv-1 associated myelopathy huntington's disease hydrocephalia hydranencephaly hydrocephalus hypercortisolism hypoalgesia hypoesthesia hypoxia i immune-mediated encephalomyelitis inclusion body myositis incontinentia pigmenti infantile spasms inflammatory myopathy intellectual disability intracranial cyst intracranial hypertension isodicentric 15 j joubert syndrome k karak syndrome kearns–sayre syndrome kinsbourne syndrome kleine–levin syndrome klippel feil syndrome krabbe disease korsakoff syndrome kufor–rakeb syndrome kugelberg–welander disease – see spinal muscular atrophy l lafora disease lambert–eaton myasthenic syndrome landau–kleffner syndrome lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome learning disabilities leigh's disease lennox–gastaut syndrome lesch–nyhan syndrome leukodystrophy leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter lewy body dementia lissencephaly locked-in syndrome lou gehrig's disease – see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lumbar disc disease lumbar hernia lumbar spinal stenosis lupus erythematosus – neurological sequelae lyme disease m machado–joseph disease macrencephaly macrocephalia macropsia mal de debarquement megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts megalencephaly melkersson–rosenthal syndrome menieres disease meningitis menkes disease metachromatic leukodystrophy microcephaly micropsia migraine mild brain injury miller fisher syndrome mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack) misophonia mitochondrial myopathy mobius syndrome monomelic amyotrophy morvan syndrome motor neurone disease – see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor skills disorder moyamoya disease mucopolysaccharidoses multifocal motor neuropathy multi-infarct dementia multiple sclerosis multiple system atrophy muscular dystrophy myalgic encephalomyelitis myasthenia gravis myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis myoclonic encephalopathy of infants myoclonus myopathy myotonia congenita myotubular myopathy n narcolepsy neuralgia neuro-behçet's disease neurofibromatosis neuroleptic malignant syndrome neuromyotonia neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal migration disorders neuropathy neurosis niemann–pick disease non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder nonverbal learning disorder o occipital neuralgia occult spinal dysraphism sequence ohtahara syndrome olivopontocerebellar atrophy opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome optic neuritis orthostatic hypotension o'sullivan–mcleod syndrome otosclerosis overuse syndrome p palinopsia pandas pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration paraplegia paralysis paramyotonia congenita paresthesia paresis parkinson('s) disease paraneoplastic diseases paroxysmal attacks parry–romberg syndrome pelizaeus–merzbacher disease periodic paralyses peripheral neuropathy pervasive developmental disorders phantom limb / phantom pain photic sneeze reflex phytanic acid storage disease pick's disease pinched nerve pituitary tumors polyneuropathy pmg polio polymicrogyria polymyositis porencephaly post-polio syndrome postherpetic neuralgia posttraumatic stress disorder postural hypotension postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome prader–willi syndrome primary lateral sclerosis prion diseases progressive hemifacial atrophy progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy progressive supranuclear palsy prosopagnosia pseudotumor cerebri q quadrantanopia quadriplegia r rabies radiculopathy ramsay hunt syndrome type i ramsay hunt syndrome type ii ramsay hunt syndrome type iii – see ramsay–hunt syndrome rasmussen encephalitis reflex neurovascular dystrophy refsum disease rem sleep behavior disorder repetitive stress injury restless legs syndrome retrovirus-associated myelopathy rett syndrome reye's syndrome rhythmic movement disorder romberg syndrome s savant syndrome saint vitus dance sandhoff disease sanfilippo syndrome schilder's disease (two distinct conditions) schizencephaly sclerosis seizures sensory processing disorder septo-optic dysplasia shaken baby syndrome shingles shy–drager syndrome sjögren's syndrome sleep apnea sleeping sickness slurred speech snatiation sotos syndrome spasticity spina bifida spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy spinal cord injury spinal cord tumors spinal muscular atrophy spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 – see distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 spinocerebellar ataxia split-brain steele–richardson–olszewski syndrome – see progressive supranuclear palsy stiff-person syndrome stroke sturge–weber syndrome stuttering subacute sclerosing panencephalitis subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy superficial siderosis sydenham's chorea syncope synesthesia syringomyelia substance use disorder t traumatic encephalopathy tardive dyskinesia tarlov cyst tarsal tunnel syndrome tay–sachs disease temporal arteritis temporal lobe epilepsy tetanus tethered spinal cord syndrome thalamocortical dysrhythmia thomsen disease thoracic outlet syndrome tic douloureux tinnitus todd's paralysis tourette syndrome toxic encephalopathy transient ischemic attack transmissible spongiform encephalopathies transverse myelitis traumatic brain injury tremor trichotillomania trigeminal neuralgia tropical spastic paraparesis trypanosomiasis tuberous sclerosis u unconsciousness unverricht–lundborg disease v vestibular schwannoma vertigo viliuisk encephalomyelitis visual snow von hippel–lindau disease w wallenberg's syndrome werdnig–hoffmann disease – see spinal muscular atrophy wernicke's encephalopathy wernicke korsakoff syndrome west syndrome whiplash williams syndrome wilson's disease y y-linked hearing impairment z zellweger syndrome