version are available. children's self-perceptions of adequacy in, and predilection for physical activity (csappa) a baseline motor assessment establishes the starting point for developmental intervention programs. comparing children to normal rates of development may help to establish areas of significant difficulty. however, research in the british journal of special education has shown that knowledge is severely limited in many who should be trained to recognise and respond to various difficulties, including developmental coordination disorder, dyslexia and deficits in attention, motor control and perception (damp). the earlier that difficulties are noted and timely assessments occur, the quicker intervention can begin. a teacher or gp could miss a diagnosis if they are only applying a cursory knowledge. "teachers will not be able to recognise or accommodate the child with learning difficulties in class if their knowledge is limited. similarly gps will find it difficult to detect and appropriately refer children with learning difficulties." a diagnosis of dcd is reached only in the absence of other neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or parkinson's disease. classification developmental coordination disorder is classified in the fifth revision of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-5) as a motor disorder, in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. prevalence the exact proportion of people with the disorder is unknown since the disorder can be difficult to detect due to a lack of specific laboratory tests, thus making diagnosis of the condition one of elimination of all other possible causes/diseases. approximately 5–6% of children and adults are affected by this condition. and approximately 2% are severely affected. dcd is a lifelong neurological condition that is expected to be as common in males as it is in females. currently however, the diagnosis criteria favours males which results in over 80% of males being diagnosed before the age of 16 compared to only 22% for females. management there is no cure for the condition. instead, it is managed through therapy. physical therapy or occupational therapy can help those living with the condition. some people with the condition find it helpful to find alternative ways of carrying out tasks or organizing themselves, such as typing on a laptop instead of writing by hand, or using diaries and calendars to keep organized. a review completed in 2017 by cochrane of task-oriented interventions for dcd resulted in inconsistent findings and a call for further research and randomized controlled trials. history collier first described developmental coordination disorder as "congenital maladroitness". a. jean ayres referred to developmental coordination disorder as a disorder of sensory integration in 1972, while in 1975 sasson gubbay, md, called it the "clumsy child syndrome". developmental coordination disorder has also been called "minimal brain dysfunction", although the two latter names are no longer in use. other names include developmental apraxia, disorder of attention and motor perception (damp) dyspraxia, developmental dyspraxia, "motor learning difficulties", perceptuo-motor dysfunction, and sensorimotor dysfunction. the world health organization currently lists developmental coordination disorder as "specific developmental disorder of motor function". in popular culture daniel radcliffe, actor, has dyspraxia fictional characters helen burns, a character from charlotte brontë's jane eyre, is alleged to have been based on the author's dyspraxic elder sister maria brontë. ryan sinclair, a companion of the doctor in the bbc science fiction television programme doctor who, has the disorder. the character debuted in 2018. public figures people who have publicly stated they have been diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder include: actor daniel radcliffe, photographer david bailey, model cara delevingne, singer florence welch, politician emma lewell-buck, rugby union player ellis genge, actor will poulter, singer mel b, actor olive gray, author holly smale, games critic john "totalbiscuit" bain, musician toyah willcox comedian harriet kemsley.