that sharks do not get cancer. 714-x – sometimes called "trimethylbicyclonitramineoheptane chloride", is a mixture of chemicals marketed commercially as a cure for many human ailments, including cancer. there is no scientific evidence for any anti-cancer effect from 714-x. antineoplaston therapy – a form of chemotherapy promoted by the burzynski clinic in texas, united states. the american cancer society has found no evidence that antineoplastons have any beneficial effects in cancer, and it has recommended that people do not spend money on antineoplaston treatments. apitherapy – the use of products derived from bees, such as honey and bee venom, as a therapy. apitherapy has been promoted for its anti-cancer effects; however, according to the american cancer society, "there have been no clinical studies in humans showing that bee venom or other honeybee products are effective in preventing or treating cancer." cancell (also called protocel, sheridan's formula, jim's juice, crocinic acid, js–114, js–101, 126–f and entelev) – a formula that has been promoted as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. the american cancer society and memorial sloan kettering cancer center recommend against the use of cancell, as there is no evidence that it is effective in treating any disease, and its proposed method of action is not consistent with modern science. cell therapy – the practice of injecting cellular material from animals in an attempt to prevent or treat cancer. although the use of human-to-human cell therapy has some established medical uses, the injection of animal material is, according to the american cancer society, not backed by any evidence of effectiveness, and "may in fact be lethal". caesium chloride – a toxic salt, promoted as a cancer cure (sometimes as "high ph therapy"), on the basis that it targets cancer cells. however, there is no evidence to support these claims, while serious adverse reactions have been reported. these include hypokalemia, arrythmia and acute cardiac arrest. chelation therapy – removal of metals from the body by administering chelating agents. chelation therapy is a legitimate therapy for heavy metal poisoning, but it has also been promoted as an alternative treatment for diseases including cancer. the american cancer society says: "available scientific evidence does not support claims that it is effective for treating other conditions such as cancer. chelation therapy can be toxic and has the potential to cause kidney damage, irregular heartbeat and even death." cytokine therapy (or klehr's autologous tumor therapy) – a so-called immunotherapy with a therapeutic substrate made of cytokines from the cancer patients' blood. the inventor of this method is nikolaus walther klehr, a dermatologist, who practiced it in his private clinics in salzburg and munich. the patients were mainly from slovenia, poland and other eastern european countries. klehr is reported as claiming that his treatment leads to extended lifespan. according to german cancer aid, the mechanism of action is unclear and the method's clinical effectiveness unproven. oil extracted from the fat tissue of the emu has been fraudulently marketed as a cancer treatment colloidal silver – liquid containing a suspension of silver particles, marketed as a treatment for cancer and other ailments. quackwatch states that colloidal silver dietary supplements have not been found safe or effective for the treatment of any condition. ingestion of ionic silver can cause a rare condition called argyria in which silver is reduced to elemental form inside tissues, causing an irreversible blue/gray complexion. coral calcium – a dietary supplement supposedly made from crushed coral and promoted with claims it could treat a number of diseases including cancer. a consumer advisory issued by the national center for complementary and alternative medicine stated "consumers should be aware that claims that coral calcium can treat or cure cancer, multiple sclerosis, lupus, heart disease, or high blood pressure are not supported by existing scientific evidence". dhea (dehydroepiandrosterone) – a steroid hormone that has been promoted in supplement form for its claimed cancer prevention properties; there is no scientific evidence to support these claims. di bella therapy – a cocktail of vitamins, drugs and hormones devised by luigi di bella (1912–2003) and promoted as a cancer treatment. according to the american cancer society: "available scientific evidence does not support claims that di bella therapy is effective in treating cancer. it can cause serious and harmful side effects. ... may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased blood sugar levels, low blood pressure, sleepiness and neurological symptoms." dimethyl sulfoxide (or dmso) – an organosulfur compound that has been promoted as a treatment for cancer since the 1960s. according to the american cancer society, "available scientific evidence does not suggest that dmso is effective in treating cancer in humans". emu oil – an oil derived from adipose tissue of the emu, and promoted in dietary supplement form with the claimed ability to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer. these products have been cited by the u.s. food and drug administration as a prime example of a "rip-off". gc-maf (gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor) – a type of protein that affects the immune system, and which has been promoted as a "miracle cure" for cancer and hiv. according to cancer research uk, "there is no solid scientific evidence to show that the treatment is safe or effective". germanium – a metalloid which has been sold in supplement form with the claim that it is capable of treating leukemia and lung cancer. there is, however, no evidence of benefit, and instead some evidence that such supplements are actively harmful. hydrazine sulfate – a chemical compound promoted (sometimes as "rocket fuel treatment") for its supposed ability to treat cancer. according to cancer research uk, although there is some evidence hydrazine sulfate might help some people with cancer gain weight, "there is no evidence that it helps to treat cancer". hyperbaric chamber hyperbaric oxygen therapy – the use of a pressurized oxygen environment as therapy. hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a number of accepted uses—for example hyperbaric chambers are used for treating decompression sickness. the therapy has also been promoted as a cure-all for a wide range of conditions, including cancer, for which there is no evidence of effectiveness. insulin potentiation therapy – the practice of injecting insulin, usually alongside a low dose of conventional chemotherapy drugs, in the belief that this improves the overall effect of the treatment. although it may cause a temporary reduction in tumor size for some patients, there is no evidence that it improves survival time or any other main outcomes. krebiozen (also known as carcalon, creatine, substance x, or drug x) – a mineral oil-based liquid sold as an alternative cancer treatment. according to the american cancer society: "available scientific evidence does not support claims that krebiozen is effective in treating cancer or any other disease. according to the u.s. food and drug administration (fda), creatine has been linked to several dangerous side effects." lipoic acid – an antioxidant available as a dietary supplement and claimed by proponents to be capable of slowing cancer progression. according to the american cancer society, "there is no reliable scientific evidence at this time that lipoic acid prevents the development or spread of cancer". miracle mineral supplement (or mms) – a toxic solution of 28% sodium chlorite in distilled water, is promoted for treating cancer and other ailments. quackwatch states, "the product, when used as directed, produces an industrial bleach that can cause serious harm to health". orthomolecular medicine (or megavitamin therapy) – the use of high doses of vitamins, claimed by proponents to help cure cancer. the view of the medical community is that there is no evidence that these therapies are effective for treating any disease. oxygen therapy – in alternative medicine, the practice of injecting hydrogen peroxide, oxygenating blood, or administering oxygen under pressure to the rectum, vagina, or other bodily opening. according to the american cancer society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that putting oxygen-releasing chemicals into a person's body is effective in treating cancer", and some of these treatments can be dangerous. ozone therapy – the application of ozone to the body, either externally or internally. pangamic acid – a name given to an ill-defined substance peddled by fraudster ernst t. krebs, jr. (1911–1996) with the claim it could cure cancer and various other serious diseases. sometimes called "vitamin b15", pangamic acid wasn't a vitamin and was medically useless. phosphorylethanolamine – a chemical manufactured in brazil by gilberto chierice and distributed with claims it could cure cancer. in 2015, after courts initially upheld people's rights to try phosphorylethanolamine, subsequent opposition from scientific and medical bodies led to a reversal in the law. subsequent testing has found phosphorylethanolamine to be of no therapeutic benefit. poly-mva – a dietary supplement created by merrill garnett (1931–), a former dentist turned biochemist. poly-mva is promoted as a treatment for a number of diseases including hiv/aids and cancer, but there is no medical evidence to support such claims and some concern that the use of poly-mva can interfere with the functioning of conventional cancer treatments. pregnenolone – a steroid which has been promoted online with claims it can treat a variety of diseases including multiple sclerosis, arthritis and cancer, but such claims are not backed by evidence. protandim – a herbal supplement fraudulently marketed with claims it can cure or prevent a number of serious health conditions, including cancer. quercetin – a plant pigment used in dietary supplements that have been promoted for their ability to prevent and treat cancer; however, according to the american cancer society, "there is no reliable clinical evidence that quercetin can prevent or treat cancer in humans". revici's guided chemotherapy – a practice in which a chemical mixture (usually including lipid alcohol and various metals) is given by mouth or injection, supposedly to cure cancer. the practice was devised by emanuel revici (1896–1997) and differs from modern chemotherapy despite being named with the same term. according to the american cancer society: "available scientific evidence does not support claims that revici's guided chemotherapy is effective in treating cancer or any other disease. it may also cause potentially serious side effects." rigvir – a virotherapy medication approved by the state agency of medicines of the republic of latvia. there is no good evidence that rigvir is an effective cancer treatment and a number of medical organisations have written to the latvian government about the dubious science used to promote it. its promotion has been described as likely being an instance of cancer quackery. in urine therapy patients attempt to treat cancer by ingesting their own urine. shark cartilage – a dietary supplement made from ground shark skeleton, and promoted as a cancer treatment perhaps because of the mistaken notion that sharks do not get cancer. the mayo clinic conducted research and were "unable to demonstrate any suggestion of efficacy for this shark cartilage product in patients with advanced cancer". sodium bicarbonate (or baking soda) – the chemical compound with the formula nahco3, sometimes promoted as cure for cancer by alternative medical practitioners such as tullio simoncini. according to the american cancer society: "evidence also does not support the idea that sodium bicarbonate works as a treatment for any form of cancer. there is substantial evidence, however, that these claims are false." edzard ernst has called the promotion of sodium bicarbonate as a cancer cure "one of the more sickening alternative cancer scams i have seen for a long time". urine therapy (or urotherapy) – the practice of attempting to treat cancer—or other illnesses—by drinking, injecting or taking an enema of one's own urine, or by making and taking some derivative substance from it. according to the american cancer society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that urine or urea given in any form is helpful for cancer patients". vitacor – a type of vitamin supplement devised by matthias rath and heavily promoted on the internet, alongside other products from rath's company under the "cellular health" brand, as a claimed treatment for cancer and other human disease; these claims have led to rath's prosecution. according to cancer research uk, "there is no scientific evidence at all to back up the claims that these products work".