disrupted are called reeler mice. in homozygous reeler mice, extreme changes in gait and other behavioural anomalies are seen (illustrated in video); these changes go beyond those associated with schizophrenia. heterozygous reeler mice display lower social dominance in some tests, but other social deficits seen in schizophrenia are absent. reeler mice also have schizophrenia-like anatomical defects in the frontal cortex, but have few cognitive defects which are associated with that area and found in schizophrenia. tests using the morris water maze have found that reeler mice do not have the abnormalities in spatial reference memory which are found in patients with schizophrenia. other genetic models g72/g30 the g72/g30 gene complex is a possible risk factor for schizophrenia; male animal mutants have less aggressive behaviours and have olfactory abnormalities. ppp3cc ppp3cc is a gene in which mutations are risk factors for schizophrenia; knockout animal models have social deficits. 16p11.2 duplication micro-duplications of a 600kb region of chromosome 16p11.2 have been associated with a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia. this is a region that is conserved across several species, including mice and rats. this has made it a popular target site for current research into rodent models of schizophrenia. 22q11.2 deletion a deletion in chromosome 22q11.2 is the strongest known genetic risk associated with schizophrenia, with 25% of individuals with this deletion ultimately testing positive for schizophrenia.