at a frequency of 10 hz resulted in more effective therapeutic stimulation. substance use substance use disorders (sud) may correlate with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction. those who recreationally use drugs have been shown to engage in increased risky behavior, possibly correlating with a dysfunction of the dlpfc. the executive controlling functions of the dlpfc in individuals who recreationally use drugs may have a connection that is lessen from risk factoring areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex and insula. this weakened connection is even shown in healthy subjects, such as a patient who continued to make risky decisions with a disconnect between their dlpfc and insula. lesions of the dlpfc may result in irresponsibility and freedom from inhibitions, and the use of drugs can invoke the same response of willingness or inspiration to engage in the daring activity. alcohol alcohol creates deficits on the function of the prefrontal cortex. as the anterior cingulate cortex works to inhibit any inappropriate behaviors through processing information to the executive network of the dlpfc, as noted before this disruption in communication can lead to these actions being made. in a task known as cambridge risk task, sud participants have been shown to have a lower activation of their dlpfc. specifically in a test related to alcoholism, a task called the wheel of fortune (wof) had adolescents with a family history of alcoholism present lower dlpfc activation. adolescents that have had no family members with a history of alcoholism did not exhibit the same decrease of activity.