ikk2 ikk2 ikk-β also known as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-b kinase subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ikbkb (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b-cells, kinase beta) gene. ikbkbavailable structurespdbortholog search: pdbe rcsb list of pdb id codes4kik, 3brt, 3brv, 4e3cidentifiersaliasesikbkb, ikk-beta, ikk2, ikkb, imd15, nfkbikb, inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b-cells, kinase beta, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa b kinase subunit beta, imd15a, imd15bexternal idsomim: 603258 mgi: 1338071 homologene: 7782 genecards: ikbkb gene location (human)chr.chromosome 8 (human)band8p11.21start42,271,302 bpend42,332,460 bpgene location (mouse)chr.chromosome 8 (mouse)band8|8 a2start23,149,228 bpend23,196,605 bprna expression patternbgeehumanmouse (ortholog)top expressed inspleenright lobe of thyroid glandright uterine tubeskin of abdomenminor salivary glandleft lobe of thyroid glandthymusvaginaupper lobe of left lunglymph nodetop expressed inbloodpaneth cellcrypt of lieberkuhn of small intestinehair folliclemolarmedullary collecting ductsuperior cervical ganglionspleenleft lobe of liverurotheliummore reference expression databiogpsmore reference expression datagene ontologymolecular function transferase activity protein kinase activity ikappab kinase activity nucleotide binding protein homodimerization activity scaffold protein binding kinase activity protein binding atp binding protein kinase binding protein heterodimerization activity protein serine/threonine kinase activity identical protein binding cellular component membrane membrane raft cd40 receptor complex cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane nucleus ikappab kinase complex cytoplasm cytosol biological process phosphorylation regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to tumor necrosis factor response to virus regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of apoptotic process stimulatory c-type lectin receptor signaling pathway t cell receptor signaling pathway trif-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription, dna-templated protein phosphorylation negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly stress-activated mapk cascade positive regulation of i-kappab kinase/nf-kappab signaling negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity innate immune response inflammatory response i-kappab kinase/nf-kappab signaling cortical actin cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier i-kappab phosphorylation tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of nf-kappab transcription factor activity antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via mhc class i, tap-dependent anatomical structure morphogenesis protein localization to plasma membrane myd88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway peptidyl-serine phosphorylation interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway viral process sources:amigo / quickgoorthologsspecieshumanmouseentrez355116150ensemblensg00000104365ensmusg00000031537uniproto14920o88351refseq (mrna)nm_001190720nm_001190721nm_001190722nm_001242778nm_001556nm_001159774nm_010546refseq (protein)np_001177649np_001229707np_001547np_001153246np_034676location (ucsc)chr 8: 42.27 – 42.33 mbchr 8: 23.15 – 23.2 mbpubmed searchwikidataview/edit humanview/edit mouse function ikk-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of iκb kinase, which is a component of the cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. ikk's activity causes activation of a transcription factor known as nuclear transcription factor kappa-b or nf-κb. activated ikk-β phosphorylates a protein called the inhibitor of nf-κb, iκb (iκbα), which binds nf-κb to inhibit its function. phosphorylated iκb is degraded via the ubiquitination pathway, freeing nf-κb, and allowing its entry into the nucleus of the cell where it activates various genes involved in inflammation and other immune responses. clinical significance ikk-β plays a significant role in brain cells following a stroke. if nf-κb activation by ikk-β is blocked, damaged cells within the brain stay alive, and according to a study performed by the university of heidelberg and the university of ulm, the cells even appear to make some recovery. inhibition of ikk and ikk-related kinases has been investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. the small-molecule inhibitor of ikk2 sar113945, developed by sanofi-aventis, was evaluated in patients with knee osteoarthritis. model organisms model organisms have been used in the study of ikk-β function. the size of an infarct, or tissue killed or damaged by ischemia, is reduced in mice in which ikk-β has been blocked. additionally, experimental mice with an overactive form of ikk-β experience loss of many more neurons than normal mice after a stroke-simulating event. researchers found a molecule that could block the signaling of ikk-β for up to four and a half hours. in another study, researchers found that inhibiting ikk-β prevented kidney and wasting diseases in an animal model used to study wasting diseases of human aids sufferers. ikbkb knockout mouse phenotype characteristicphenotype homozygote viabilityabnormal recessive lethal studyabnormal fertilitynormal body weightnormal anxietynormal neurological assessmentnormal grip strengthnormal hot platenormal dysmorphologynormal indirect calorimetrynormal glucose tolerance testnormal auditory brainstem responsenormal dexanormal radiographynormal body temperaturenormal eye morphologynormal clinical chemistrynormal plasma immunoglobulinsnormal haematologynormal peripheral blood lymphocytesnormal micronucleus testnormal heart weightnormal tail epidermis wholemountnormal brain histopathologynormal salmonella infectionnormal citrobacter infectionnormal all tests and analysis from a conditional knockout mouse line, called ikbkbtm1a(eucomm)wtsi was generated as part of the international knockout mouse consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the wellcome trust sanger institute. male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. twenty six tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. a reduced number of homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and none survived until weaning. the remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice, and no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals. interactions ikk-β (ikbkb) has been shown to interact with hdac9, cdc37, chuk ctnnb1, fanca, ikbkg irak1, nfkbia, map3k14, nfkb1, nfkbib, ncoa3, ppm1b, tnfrsf1a, and traf2.