in 2004. no data <350 350–700 700–1,050 1,050–1,400 1,400–1,750 1,750–2,100 2,100–2,450 2,450–2,800 2,800–3,150 3,150–3,500 3,500–4,000 >4,000 as of 2010, cad was the leading cause of death globally resulting in over 7 million deaths. this increased from 5.2 million deaths from cad worldwide in 1990. it may affect individuals at any age but becomes dramatically more common at progressively older ages, with approximately a tripling with each decade of life. males are affected more often than females. it is estimated that 60% of the world's cardiovascular disease burden will occur in the south asian subcontinent despite only accounting for 20% of the world's population. this may be secondary to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. organizations such as the indian heart association are working with the world heart federation to raise awareness about this issue. coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women and accounts for approximately 600,000 deaths in the united states every year. according to present trends in the united states, half of healthy 40-year-old men will develop cad in the future, and one in three healthy 40-year-old women. it is the most common reason for death of men and women over 20 years of age in the united states. society and culture names other terms sometimes used for this condition are "hardening of the arteries" and "narrowing of the arteries". in latin it is known as morbus ischaemicus cordis (mic). support groups the infarct combat project (icp) is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1998 which tries to decrease ischemic heart diseases through education and research. industry influence on research in 2016 research into the archives of the sugar association, the trade association for the sugar industry in the us, had sponsored an influential literature review published in 1965 in the new england journal of medicine that downplayed early findings about the role of a diet heavy in sugar in the development of cad and emphasized the role of fat; that review influenced decades of research funding and guidance on healthy eating. research further information: atheroma and atherosclerosis research efforts are focused on new angiogenic treatment modalities and various (adult) stem-cell therapies. a region on chromosome 17 was confined to families with multiple cases of myocardial infarction. other genome-wide studies have identified a firm risk variant on chromosome 9 (9p21.3). however, these and other loci are found in intergenic segments and need further research in understanding how the phenotype is affected. a more controversial link is that between chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis. while this intracellular organism has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques, evidence is inconclusive as to whether it can be considered a causative factor. treatment with antibiotics in patients with proven atherosclerosis has not demonstrated a decreased risk of heart attacks or other coronary vascular diseases. since the 1990s the search for new treatment options for coronary artery disease patients, particularly for so called "no-option" coronary patients, focused on usage of angiogenesis and (adult) stem cell therapies. numerous clinical trials were performed, either applying protein (angiogenic growth factor) therapies, such as fgf-1 or vegf, or cell therapies using different kinds of adult stem cell populations. research is still going on – with first promising results particularly for fgf-1 and utilization of endothelial progenitor cells. myeloperoxidase has been proposed as a biomarker. plant-based nutrition has been suggested as a way to reverse coronary artery disease, but strong evidence is still lacking for claims of potential benefits. several immunosuppressive drugs targeting the chronic inflammation in coronary artery disease have been tested.