choline transporter choline transporter the high-affinity choline transporter (cht) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 7 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the slc5a7 gene. it is a cell membrane transporter and carries choline into acetylcholine-synthesizing neurons. slc5a7identifiersaliasesslc5a7, cht, cht1, hmn7a, hcht, choline transporter, solute carrier family 5 member 7, cms20external idsomim: 608761 mgi: 1927126 homologene: 32516 genecards: slc5a7 gene location (human)chr.chromosome 2 (human)band2q12.3start107,986,523 bpend108,013,994 bpgene location (mouse)chr.chromosome 17 (mouse)band17|17 cstart54,580,618 bpend54,606,062 bprna expression patternbgeehumanmouse (ortholog)top expressed inputamenurinary bladdercaudate nucleusrectumsuperior vestibular nucleussmooth muscle tissuegastric mucosaappendixnucleus accumbenshypothalamustop expressed inhabenulasuperior frontal gyrusneural tubecerebellar cortexfacial motor nucleusanterior horn of spinal cordstomachesophaguslipduodenummore reference expression databiogpsn/agene ontologymolecular function choline:sodium symporter activity symporter activity choline binding choline transmembrane transporter activity transmembrane transporter activity cellular component integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane neuronal cell body dendrite integral component of plasma membrane perikaryon presynapse axon neuromuscular junction cell junction synapse biological process sodium ion transport neurotransmitter biosynthetic process ion transport choline transport transmembrane transport acetylcholine biosynthetic process neurotransmitter secretion synaptic transmission, cholinergic neuromuscular synaptic transmission sources:amigo / quickgoorthologsspecieshumanmouseentrez6048263993ensemblensg00000115665ensmusg00000023945uniprotq9gzv3q2t9h3q8bgy9refseq (mrna)nm_001305005nm_001305006nm_001305007nm_021815nm_022025refseq (protein)np_001291934np_001291935np_001291936np_068587np_001291936.1np_071308location (ucsc)chr 2: 107.99 – 108.01 mbchr 17: 54.58 – 54.61 mbpubmed searchwikidataview/edit humanview/edit mouse hemicholinium-3 is an inhibitor of the cht and can be used to deplete acetylcholine stores, while coluracetam is an enhancer of the cht and can increase cholinergic neurotransmission by enhancing acetylcholine synthesis. function choline is a direct precursor of acetylcholine (ach), a neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous system that regulates a variety of autonomic, cognitive, and motor functions. slc5a7 is a na(+)- and cl(-)- dependent high-affinity transporter that mediates the uptake of choline for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons. mutations in the slc5a7 gene have been associated with distal spinal muscular atrophy with vocal cord paralysis (distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 7a). the cht seems to be a site of action of some β-neurotoxins found in snake venoms, which disrupt peripheral cholinergic transmission by interfering with presynaptic acetylcholine synthesis. it is hypothesized that these toxins irreversibly block the cht. model organisms model organisms have been used in the study of slc5a7 function. a conditional knockout mouse line called slc5a7tm1a(komp)wtsi was generated at the wellcome trust sanger institute. male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. additional screens performed: - in-depth immunological phenotyping choline transporter in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells choline is a necessary reagent for the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. neurons get their choline by specific protein transporters known as choline transporters. in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells, two systems initiate the choline absorption. the first system is known as the choline transporter-like protein 1, or ctl1. the second system is the choline transporter-like protein 2, or ctl2. those two systems are found on the plasma membrane of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. they are also found on the mitochondrial membrane. ctl2 was found to be highly expressed on the mitochondria. meanwhile, ctl1 was mostly found on the plasma membrane of those microvascular cells. ctl2 is the main protein involved in the absorption of choline into the mitochondria for its oxidation, and ctl1 is the main protein for the choline uptake from the extracellular medium. ctl1 is a ph dependent protein. the absorption of choline through ctl1 proteins changes with the ph of the extracellular medium. when the ph of the medium is changed from 7.5 to 7.0-5.5, the rate of absorption of choline by ctl1 proteins decreases greatly. the choline uptake does not change upon the alkalinization of the extracellular medium. moreover, it was found that the choline uptake is also influenced by the electronegativity of the plasma membrane. when the concentration of potassium ions is increased, the membrane becomes depolarized. the choline absorption decreases majorly as a result of the membrane depolarization by the potassium ions. the choline uptake was found to be only affected by the potassium ions. the sodium ions do not affect the affinity of ctl1 and ctl2 to choline. slc5a7 knockout mouse phenotype characteristicphenotype all data available at. insulinnormal homozygous viability at p14abnormal recessive lethal studynormal body weightnormal neurological assessmentnormal grip strengthnormal dysmorphologynormal indirect calorimetrynormal glucose tolerance testnormal auditory brainstem responsenormal dexanormal radiographynormal eye morphologynormal clinical chemistrynormal haematology 16 weeksnormal peripheral blood leukocytes 16 weeksnormal salmonella infectionnormal