prevalence of tobacco use prevalence of tobacco use prevalence of tobacco use is reported by the world health organization (who), which focuses on cigarette smoking due to reported data limitations. smoking has therefore been studied more extensively than any other form of consumption. part of a series ontobacco history history of tobacco chemistry tobacco tobacco smoke biology nicotiana (nicotiana tabacum) nicotine tobacco diseases types of tobacco personal and social effects health effects prevalence of consumption nicotine marketing tobacco and art tobacco and other drugs tobacco control religious views tobacco politics tobacco smoking tobacconist production cultivation of tobacco curing of tobacco tobacco industry tobacco products smoking is generally five times more prevalent among men than women; however, the gender gap differs across countries and is smaller in younger age groups. in developed countries smoking rates for men have peaked and have begun to decline, and also started to stall or decline for women. smoking prevalence has changed little since the mid-1990s, before which time it declined in english-speaking countries due to the implementation of tobacco control. however, the number of smokers worldwide has increased from 721 million in 1980 to 967 million in 2012 and the number of cigarettes smoked increased from 4.96 trillion to 6.25 trillion due to population growth. in western countries, smoking is more prevalent among populations with mental health problems, with alcohol and drug problems, among criminals, and among the homeless. in 2002, about 20% of young teens (aged 13–15) smoked worldwide. 80,000 to 100,000 children begin smoking every day. half of those who begin smoking in adolescent years are projected to go on to smoke for 15 to 20 years. one of the targets of the sustainable development goal 3 of the united nations (to be achieved by 2030) is to "strengthen the implementation of the world health organization framework convention on tobacco control in all countries, as appropriate." the indicator that is used to measure progress is the prevalence of tobacco use. background who states that "much of the disease burden and premature mortality attributable to tobacco use disproportionately affect the poor". of the 1.22 billion smokers, 1 billion of them live in developing or transitional economies. rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in the developed world. in the developing world, tobacco consumption is rising by 3.4% per year as of 2002. the who in 2004 projected 58.8 million deaths to occur globally, from which 5.4 million are tobacco-attributed, and 4.9 million as of 2007. as of 2002, 70% of the deaths are in developing countries. one of the targets of the sustainable development goal 3 of the united nations (to be achieved by 2030) is to "strengthen the implementation of the world health organization framework convention on tobacco control in all countries, as appropriate." the indicator that is used to measure progress is the "age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older". worldwide prevalence of tobacco use (% of adults) worldwide countries the following is a list of countries by the percentage of age-standardized prevalence of tobacco smoking among persons 15 years and older as published by the world health organization. country20002020 afghanistan36.923.3 albania3522.4 algeria22.221 andorra35.931.8 argentina3424.5 armenia3225.5 australia24.413.6 austria52.326.4 azerbaijan28.724 bahamas10.710.6 bahrain22.214.9 bangladesh57.634.7 barbados10.28.5 belarus41.830.5 belgium33.423.4 belize158.5 benin16.76.9 bolivia32.112.7 bosnia and herzegovina46.635 botswana33.219.4 brazil23.812.8 brunei16.716.2 bulgaria47.539 burkina faso29.814.3 burundi2411.8 cape verde20.611.4 cambodia42.321.1 cameroon12.87.3 canada28.413 chad13.98.3 chile46.929.2 china26.725.6 colombia15.18.5 comoros39.520.3 congo11.914.5 cook islands44.324 costa rica188.8 ivory coast18.79.4 croatia34.436.9 cuba40.817.9 cyprus40.935.1 czech republic34.230.7 denmark37.317.5 dominican republic18.710.6 dr congo18.812.8 ecuador18.411.3 egypt24.324.3 el salvador15.97.9 eritrea13.37.5 estonia4629.7 eswatini12.39.2 ethiopia6.85.1 fiji32.323.1 finland35.721.6 france34.233.4 gambia22.511.1 georgia32.831.7 germany36.422 ghana73.5 greece54.933.5 guatemala14.310.9 guinea-bissau189 guyana30.212.1 haiti12.37.7 hungary37.431.8 iceland30.212 india54.527.2 indonesia35.437.6 iran21.513.6 iraq2218.5 ireland35.620.8 israel31.721.2 italy26.223.1 jamaica17.49.4 japan33.320.1 jordan30.734.8 kazakhstan34.223.2 kenya19.311.1 kiribati68.540.6 kuwait2017.9 kyrgyzstan31.425.4 laos52.531.8 latvia43.837 lebanon40.238.2 lesotho31.124.3 liberia16.38.2 lithuania41.432 luxembourg3121.1 madagascar46.727.8 malawi24.110.8 malaysia29.522.5 maldives38.325.2 mali16.38.3 malta34.324 marshall islands28.528.5 mauritania21.310.7 mauritius25.520.2 mexico2413.1 moldova25.329 mongolia34.129.4 montenegro38.731.4 morocco22.514.5 mozambique29.414.3 myanmar66.944.1 namibia25.615.1 nauru63.448.5 nepal64.530.4 netherlands34.322.2 new zealand29.613.7 niger9.77.4 nigeria9.33.7 north korea19.818.8 norway4416.2 oman7.68 pakistan37.520.2 palau26.117.6 panama13.45 papua new guinea54.139.3 paraguay29.111.5 peru32.98.1 philippines34.922.9 poland39.624 portugal25.725.4 qatar13.511.8 romania3528 russia33.326.8 rwanda24.813.7 samoa3925.3 são tomé and príncipe7.85.7 saudi arabia14.214.3 senegal14.36.9 serbia45.139.8 seychelles28.720.2 sierra leone43.713.5 singapore16.416.5 slovakia3231.5 slovenia25.122 solomon islands43.536.5 south africa23.520.3 south korea28.517.4 spain36.827.7 sri lanka28.522 sweden43.824 switzerland28.325.5 tanzania27.88.7 thailand31.722.1 east timor53.539.2 togo14.46.8 tonga33.531 tunisia34.324.6 turkey32.930.7 turkmenistan125.5 tuvalu48.835.6 uganda24.78.4 ukraine37.725.8 united arab emirates19.418.2 united kingdom37.915.4 united states33.823 uruguay35.321.5 uzbekistan24.917.6 vanuatu25.617.8 vietnam29.824.8 yemen27.320.3 zambia19.914.4 zimbabwe2111.7 prevalence of daily smoking in 2012 the share adults who smoke any tobacco product on a daily or non-daily basis in 2016. share of men versus women who smoke in 2016.consumption per smoker per day in 2012. percentages of smoking adult population in finland, norway, usa, japan and the netherlands in 2011 australia in the 20th century, smoking was common. there were social events like the smoke night which promoted the habit. in australia the incidence of smoking is in decline, with figures from the 2011-12 australian health survey showing 18% of the population to be current smokers, a decline from 28% in 1989–90. among the indigenous population, the rate was much higher: 50% of men and 44% of women reported being current smokers in 2007–08. people aged 25 to 34 were the most likely to smoke (24%), with a marked decline in smoking rates as age increased past 45 years in 2011–12. in 2007–08, the prevalence of smoking was strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage: a greater proportion of men (33%) and women (26%) who live in the most disadvantaged 20% of areas were current smokers than those who live in the least disadvantaged 20% of areas (12% and 11% respectively). in 2016 the daily smoking rate was less than 13%. canada in december 2002, statistics canada published a report on smoking prevalence from 1985 to 2001. in that report they found from 1985 to 1991, prevalence of "current smoking" (which they defined as daily smokers and occasional smokers) declined overall, for both sexes and all age groups except for those aged 15 to 24. even larger declines occurred from 1991 to 2001. while current smoking prevalence for youths did not significantly change from 1985 to 1994–1995, there was a significant decrease of 6 percentage points from 1994–1995 to 2001 (from 28.5% to 22.5%). provincially, newfoundland and labrador, nova scotia, quebec, ontario, saskatchewan, alberta and british columbia, experienced most of their declines in current smoking prevalence from 1994 to 1995 onwards. all of the provinces experienced some level of declines over the entire 1985 to 2001 period. declines in daily smoking prevalence occurred for both sexes and all age groups over the entire 17-year time span, although youth smoking did not start significantly declining until the mid-1990s. overall, for daily cigarette consumption, smokers by 2001 had a significantly lower proportion of smoking 26 or more cigarettes daily compared with 1985 (14.0% to 5.8%). most of the declines in the different sex or age groups occurred after 1991. at the same time however, smokers in 2001 had a significantly higher proportion of smoking 1 to 10 cigarettes daily compared with 1985 (18.6% to 31.1%). most of the decline occurred after 1991. as of 2008 the rate was estimated to be 18%, and declining. a 2011 survey estimates that 17% of canadians smoke. germany in 2005, 27% of the population admitted to being current smokers. 23% were regular smokers (28% of men and 19% of women,) while 4% smoked irregularly. the highest ratio of regular smokers was in the 20-24 age group: 38% of men and 30% of women. according to a 2010 study by university of bielefeld, 9.9% of all 15-year-old males and 10.8% of 15-year-old females smoked daily, which showed a strong decline during the previous decade. like in the most industrial countries the smoking rate in germany decreases with increasing education level. a 2006 comparative study found that 25.1% of male and 20.6% of female medical students in göttingen smoke, while in london the ratios were only 10.9% and 9.1%. germany has the largest number of cigarette vending machines per capita in the world: 1 per 102.5 people. israel in israel, smoking prevalence among males had remained relatively constant at 30% in the years 1994–2004. among females the prevalence has declined slightly from 25% in 1998 to 18% in 2003. for the youth, 14% smoked at least once per week, according to a 2001 publication. in 2005, research has shown that israeli youths have begun to use bidis and hookah, as alternative methods of tobacco use. in 1990, smoking was the cause of about 1,800 male deaths in israel which was around 12% of all male deaths. smoking has not been found to be significant cause of death among israeli women. the average number of cigarettes smoked per israeli stands at 2162 (6). there are several anti-tobacco use legislations in effect. for instance, advertising is prohibited in youth publications and is forbidden on television and radio, in addition to substantial increases in tobacco taxes, although the prices are still among the lowest compared to all of the european countries. in addition, until 2004, there was no minimum age requirement for buying tobacco products in israel; however, an amendment to the tobacco marketing and advertisement law that became effective at 2004 has limited the sale of tobacco to people above the age of 18. according to israel central bureau of statistics, the smoking rate in the israeli adult population in 2009 was 20.9%, down from 34% in 2000. a ministry of health nationwide survey conducted in 2011 found that 20.6% of the population aged 21 and older were smokers. the highest percentage of smokers was among arab males, 44% percent of whom smoked, though this figure is down from 50% in 1996. new zealand tobacco consumption in new zealand peaked in the mid-1970s when 60% of the population were smokers. by 2011 that number had fallen to 20% of the population, thanks to stringent tobacco control laws which are amongst the world's strictest. however, despite these laws, the number of smokers appears to be increasing as the global economy worsens and a recent spate of natural disasters have seen an increase in tobacco sales and although more males smoke than females, this gap is slowly narrowing. tobacco consumption by maori remains disproportionately high despite having decreased over recent years thanks to television, internet, radio and print media anti-smoking advertising aimed at maori. the high rate of maori tobacco consumption has been described by many maori health advocates and academics as a "cultural genocide". romania according to the romanian ministry of health, the smoking rate among the general population declined from 36% in 2004 to 26% in 2011. a report commissioned in 2012 revealed that 34.9% of men smoked daily, compared to 14.5% of women, and in the preceding 12 months, 37.8% of regular smokers had attempted to quit at least once. despite a general decline in smoking prevalence, the rate among women nearly doubled from 1991 to 2011, with 55% of women smokers belonging to the 15–34 age group. spain according to the 2017 national health survey 22.1% of the population above the age of 15 reports smoking daily, 2.3% declares smoking occasionally, 24.9% reports being ex-smokers and 50,7% never smoked. the survey also revealed that 25,6% of men smoked, compared to 18.8% women. the historical data series shows the rate in spain has fallen more than 10 points from 1993 to 2017, from 44% to 25.6% for men and from 20.8% to 18.8% for women. however, since 2014, the trend has slowed, with just less than 1 point improvement, from 23% to 22,1%. sweden swedish citizens, 16 years or older, that consumed snus or smoking tobacco on a daily basis in 2011. the first research of smoking habits in sweden was performed in 1946; it showed that 50% of men, and 9% of women were smokers. in 1977 41% of men and 32% of women were smokers. by 2011, the use of smoking tobacco on a daily basis had decreased to only 12.5% and 14.3% among women. the use of snus, on a daily basis among men older than 15 years, was approximately 19.4% and only 3.0% for women. united kingdom the health survey for england in 2002 found a smoking rate of 26%. by 2007 the proportion of adult smokers in england had declined four percentage points to 22%. in 2015, it was reported smoking rates