convulsion convulsion a convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking. because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. however, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures. convulsionspecialtyneurology, psychiatrysymptomsmuscle spasms, uncontrollable shakingrisk factorsepilepsy convulsions can be caused by epilepsy, infections, brain trauma, or other medical conditions. they can also occur from an electric shock or improperly enriched air for scuba diving. the word fit is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure. signs and symptoms a person having a convulsion may experience several different symptoms, such as a brief blackout, confusion, drooling, loss of bowel or bladder control, sudden shaking of the entire body, uncontrollable muscle spasms, or temporary cessation of breathing. symptoms usually last from a few seconds to several minutes, although they can last longer. convulsions in children are not necessarily benign, and may lead to brain damage if prolonged. in these patients, the frequency of occurrence should not downplay their significance, as a worsening seizure state may reflect the damage caused by successive attacks. symptoms may include: lack of awareness loss of consciousness eyes rolling back changes to breathing stiffening of the arms, legs, or whole body jerky movements of the arms, legs, body, or head lack of control over movements inability to respond causes most convulsions are the result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. often, a specific cause is not clear. numerous conditions can cause a convulsion. convulsions can be caused by specific chemicals in the blood, as well as infections like meningitis or encephalitis. other possibilities include celiac disease, head trauma, stroke, or lack of oxygen to the brain. sometimes the convulsion can be caused by genetic defects or brain tumors. convulsions can also occur when the blood sugar is too low or there is a deficiency of vitamin b6 (pyridoxine). the pathophysiology of convulsion remains ambiguous. convulsions may also be caused by epileptic seizures, febrile seizures, non-epileptic seizures, or paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. in rare cases, it may be triggered by reactions to certain medications, such as antidepressants, stimulants, and antihistamines. epileptic seizures epilepsy is a neuronal disorder with multifactorial manifestations. it is a noncontagious illness and is usually associated with sudden attacks of seizures, which are an immediate and initial anomaly in the electrical activity of the brain that disrupts part or all of the body. various areas of the brain can be disturbed by epileptic events. epileptic seizures can have contrary clinical features. epileptic seizures can have long-lasting effects on cerebral blood flow. various kinds of epileptic seizures affect 60 million people worldwide. generalized seizures main article: tonic-clonic seizures the most common type of seizure is called a generalized seizure, also known as a generalized convulsion. this is characterized by a loss of consciousness which may lead to the person collapsing. the body stiffens for about a minute and then jerks uncontrollably for the next minute. during this, the patient may fall and injure themselves or bite their tongue, their eyes roll back, and lose control of their bladder. a familial history of seizures puts a person at a greater risk of developing them. generalized seizures have been broadly classified into two categories: motor and non-motor. a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (gtcs), also known as a grand mal seizure, is a whole-body seizure that has a tonic phase followed by clonic muscle retrenchments. gtcss can happen in people of all ages. gtcss are very hazardous, and they increase the risk of injuries and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (sudep). sudep is a sudden, unexpected, nontraumatic death in patients with epilepsy. strong convulsions that are related to gtcss can also cause falls and severe injuries. not all generalized seizures produce convulsions. for example, in an absence seizure, also known as a petit mal seizure, the brain experiences electrical disturbances but the body remains motionless and unresponsive. febrile convulsion