list of abbreviations used in sanitation list of abbreviations used in sanitation this is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the wash sector. main article: sanitation contents a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a aa - activated alumina adb - asian development bank abr - anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also anaerobic digestion and dewats acp - anaerobic contact process ad - anaerobic digestion af - anaerobic filters, see also anaerobic digestion afdb - african development bank afwa - african water association ait - asian institute of technology in bangkok, thailand aka or a.k.a. - "also known as" amcow - african ministers’ council on water as - arsenic ats - aerobic treatment system ausaid - australian agency for international development awf - african water facility, an initiative of the african ministers’ council on water (amcow), hosted and administered by african development bank (afdb) b bcc - behavioral change communication bmgf - bill and melinda gates foundation bmz - federal ministry for economic cooperation and development bod or bod5 - biological oxygen demand (measured for five days) bop or bop - bottom of the pyramid (or base of the pyramid) bot - build-operate-transfer bsf - black soldier fly or biosand filter bsfl - black soldier fly larvae c cap - capita, as per capita (or per person) capex - capital expenditure cats - community approaches to total sanitation, a term coined by unicef cbo - community-based organization cbod - carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand cbs - container-based sanitation cct - conditional cash transfer chc - community health clubs chp - combined heat and power clts - community-led total sanitation clues - community led urban environmental sanitation cfu - colony-forming unit cod - controlled open defecation cod - chemical oxygen demand cop - community of practice cp - contact precipitation, see precipitation cso - combined sewer overflow or civil society organization (same as non-governmental organization) csr - corporate social responsibility cw - constructed wetland d daly - disability-adjusted life year dewats - decentralized wastewater treatment system dfid - department for international development (united kingdom) dna - deoxyribonucleic acid do - dissolved oxygen drc - democratic republic of the congo drr - disaster risk reduction e ecosan - ecological sanitation ec - electrical conductivity eh - redox potential eia - environmental impact assessment em - effective microorganisms en - european standards (the n stands for normalisation in french), e.g. en 12566 epa - united states environmental protection agency eps - extracellular polymeric substances eqnd - equality and nondiscrimination esaro - east and southern africa region eu - european union f fao - food and agriculture organization of the united nations faq - frequently asked questions fc - fecal coliforms fecr - fecal egg count reduction; closest article is on anthelmintic ffs (or f4s) - fit for school fgd - focus group discussion; closest article may be qualitative psychological research fgm - female genital mutilation foam - focus on opportunity, ability and motivation fs - fecal (or faecal) sludge; closest article is septage fsm - fecal (or faecal) sludge management fssm - fecal sludge and septage management fstp - fecal sludge treatment plant fti - faecally transmitted infections; closest article is fecal-oral transmission g gap - good agricultural practices ghg - greenhouse gases giz - deutsche gesellschaft für internationale zusammenarbeit glaas - un-water global analysis and assessment of sanitation and drinking-water gps - global positioning system gsf - global sanitation fund, closest page is water supply and sanitation collaborative council h haccp - hazard analysis and critical control points hab. - inhabitant or user, used in design parameters of wastewater treatment, e.g. 60 g bod/hab. hai - hospital-acquired infection hcf - health care facility hedf - human excreta derived fertiliser (see reuse of excreta) hew - health extension worker hh - household hia - health impact assessment hq - headquarters hrws - human right to water and sanitation hwf - handwashing facility i ict - information and communications technology idp - internally displaced person, often used as "idp camp" iec - information, education, communication; closest article may be behavior change (public health) inr - indian rupee, currency in india iwrm - integrated water resources management j jmp - joint monitoring programme for water supply and sanitation of who and unicef k kap - knowledge, attitude and practice kl (or kl) - kilo liters (or 1000 liters, same as 1 cubic meter) km - knowledge management ksh - kenyan shilling, currency in kenya kvip - kumasi ventilated-improved pit, closest article is pit latrine l l - lakh, used for one hundred thousand in india l - liter (or litre in british english spelling) lcc - life-cycle cost, see whole-life cost or life-cycle cost analysis lcca - life-cycle cost analysis lga - local government area lmics - low and middle income countries lnob - leave no one behind lpcd - liters per capita per day (liters per person per day), e.g. for daily wastewater flowrate m mbbr - moving bed biofilm reactor mbr - membrane bioreactor mca - multiple criteria analysis, see multiple-criteria decision analysis mcda - multiple-criteria decision analysis mda - mass drug administration mdg - millennium development goal m&e - monitoring and evaluation mena - middle east and north africa mfc - microbial fuel cell mfi - microfinance institution mg - milligram μg - microgram mhm - menstrual hygiene management ml - megaliter or 1 million liter or 1000 cubic meters mld - million liters per day moh - ministry of health (see also list of health departments and ministries) mooc - massive open online course mos - manual of style, see also: mos for wikiproject sanitation mou - memorandum of understanding moud - ministry of urban development msw - municipal solid waste n nba - nirmal bharat abhiyan in india, formerly called "total sanitation campaign" (tsc) - not to be confused with clts ngo - non-governmental organization nimby - not in my back yard nrw - non-revenue water nss - non-sewered sanitation (similar term to fecal sludge management) ntds - neglected tropical diseases o oba - output based aid od - open defecation oda - official development assistance odk - open data kit o&m - operation and maintenance odf - open defecation free, i.e. a community without open defecation taking place op - omni processor opex - operational expenditure (or operating expense) orp - oxidation reduction potential ort - oral rehydration therapy p pbr - payment by results pc - preventive chemotherapy; closest article is helminthiasis pfu - plaque-forming unit phc - primary health centre pim - post implementation monitoring; no article yet, see wash pmu - project management unit psp - public sector participation, see also public–private partnership pvc - polyvinyl chloride ppp - public private partnership ppm - parts per million ppb - parts per billion q qa/qc - quality assurance / quality control q&a - question and answer, see also faq qmra - quantitative microbiological risk assessment r rbf - results-based financing, see also output based aid or payment by results rct - randomized controlled trial r&d - research and development rna - ribonucleic acid rrr - resource recovery and reuse rti - reproductive tract infection rttc - reinvent the toilet challenge, an r&d funding scheme by the bill and melinda gates foundation rvo - rijksdienst voor ondernemend nederland (netherlands enterprise agency) s sar - sodium adsorption ratio sba (or sbm) - swachh bharat abhiyan, clean india mission or swachh bharat mission sbr - sequencing batch reactor sdg - sustainable development goal sdg6 - sustainable development goal number 6: "clean water and sanitation" sfd - shit flow diagram, see example here shg - self-help group sla - service-level agreement slb - service-level benchmarking slts - school-led total sanitation, see community-led total sanitation sme - small and medium-sized enterprise sms - short message service sop - standard operating procedure stp - sewage treatment plant srhr - sexual and reproductive health and rights srt - solids retention time, see also activated sludge ss - suspended solids ssa - sub-saharan africa ssla - sanitation service-level agreement ssp - sanitation safety planning; closest page might be water safety plan susana - sustainable sanitation alliance swash - school water, sanitation and hygiene, see water, sanitation and hygiene t t90 - time at which 90 percent reduction in pathogens is achieved taf - technology applicability framework thod - theoretical oxygen demand tor - terms of reference tsc - total sanitation campaign in india, now called nirmal bharat abhiyan - not to be confused with clts tss - total suspended solids (in sanitary engineering) or toxic_shock_syndrome (medical field) tssm - total sanitation and sanitation marketing tsu - technical support unit u uasb - upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor ucd - user-centered design uddt - urine-diverting dry toilet udt - urine diversion toilet udft - urine diverting flush toilet μg - microgram ulb - urban local body undp - united nations development programme unep - united nations environment programme unsgab - united nations secretary general's advisory board on water and sanitation usepa - united states environmental protection agency uti - urinary tract infection v vip - ventilated improved pit latrine vnd - vietnamese dong (currency in vietnam) w wash or wash - water, sanitation and hygiene wash2 - water, sanitation, hygiene and health watsan - water and sanitation, used in the same way as wash wc - water closet wef - water-energy-food nexus wg - working group, e.g. working groups of susana wins - wash in schools who - world health organization wpm - water point mapping wsp: water and sanitation program of the world bank water safety plan waste stabilization pond wsup - water and sanitation for the urban poor wsh - water, sanitation, hygiene wsscc - water supply and sanitation collaborative council wtd - world toilet day wtp: water treatment plant willingness to pay wwd - world water day wwtp - wastewater treatment plant wysiwyg - what you see is what you get