jane, susan, and joanna. joanna is described as, "the one who gives herself to good works and has a hare-lip." as a form of offensive synecdoche, huck finn refers to joanna as "the hare-lip" rather than by her name. in inheritance, the final title of christopher paolini's inheritance cycle, the main character eragon heals a newborn girl with this condition in a display of complicated healing magic. it is stated that those within eragon's society born with this condition are often not allowed to live as they face a very hard life. cleft lip and cleft palate are often portrayed negatively in popular culture. examples include oddjob, the secondary villain of the james bond novel goldfinger by ian fleming (the film adaptation does not mention this but leaves it implied) and serial killer francis dolarhyde in the novel red dragon and its screen adaptations, manhunter, red dragon, and hannibal. the portrayal of enemy characters with cleft lips and cleft palates, dubbed mutants, in the 2019 video game rage 2 left chris plante of polygon wondering if the condition would ever be portrayed positively. notable cases name comments jerry byrd american sportswriter for the shreveport journal, 1957–1991, and bossier press-tribune, 1993–2012; born with cleft lip and without cleft palate john henry "doc" holliday american dentist, gambler and gunfighter of the american old west, who is usually remembered for his friendship with wyatt earp and the gunfight at the o.k. corral tutankhamen egyptian pharaoh who may have had a slightly cleft palate according to diagnostic imaging thorgils skarthi thorgils 'the hare-lipped'—a 10th-century viking warrior and founder of scarborough, england. tad lincoln fourth and youngest son of president abraham lincoln carmit bachar american dancer and singer jürgen habermas german philosopher and sociologist ljubo milicevic australian professional footballer stacy keach american actor and narrator cheech marin american actor and comedian owen schmitt american football fullback tim lott english author and journalist richard hawley english musician dario šarić croatian professional basketball player antoinette bourignon flemish mystic tom burke english actor franz rogowski german actor other animals cleft lips and palates are occasionally seen in cattle and dogs, and rarely in goats, sheep, cats, horses, pandas and ferrets. most commonly, the defect involves the lip, rhinarium, and premaxilla. clefts of the hard and soft palate are sometimes seen with a cleft lip. the cause is usually hereditary. brachycephalic dogs such as boxers and boston terriers are most commonly affected. an inherited disorder with incomplete penetrance has also been suggested in shih tzus, swiss sheepdogs, bulldogs, and pointers. in horses, it is a rare condition usually involving the caudal soft palate. in charolais cattle, clefts are seen in combination with arthrogryposis, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. it is also inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in texel sheep. other contributing factors may include maternal nutritional deficiencies, exposure in utero to viral infections, trauma, drugs, or chemicals, or ingestion of toxins by the mother, such as certain lupines by cattle during the second or third month of gestation. the use of corticosteroids during pregnancy in dogs and the ingestion of veratrum californicum by pregnant sheep have also been associated with cleft formation. difficulty with nursing is the most common problem associated with clefts, but aspiration pneumonia, regurgitation, and malnutrition are often seen with cleft palate and is a common cause of death. providing nutrition through a feeding tube is often necessary, but corrective surgery in dogs can be done by the age of twelve weeks. for cleft palate, there is a high rate of surgical failure resulting in repeated surgeries. surgical techniques for cleft palate in dogs include prosthesis, mucosal flaps, and microvascular free flaps. affected animals should not be bred due to the hereditary nature of this condition. cleft lip in a boxer cleft lip in a boxer with premaxillary involvement same dog as picture on left, one year later