has a calming effect on the heart by blocking the receptor for adrenaline, developed cimetidine that suppresses the formation of gastric acid and is used to fight ulcers. nobel prize 1988 shared with hitchings 1988 hans w kosterlitz university of aberdeen endorphins, used electrically stimulated strip of guinea pig intestine to assess opiate activity in pig brain homogenates. 1990 roy yorke calne university of cambridge organ transplantation pioneer, improvement of immunosuppression techniques 1993 virgil craig jordan georgetown university discovered the breast cancer prevention properties of tamoxifen, the prevention of multiple diseases in women using his new discovery, selective estrogen receptor modulators (serms) raloxifene trial. 1996 patrick humphrey glaxo pharmacological profile of selective 5-ht 4 receptor agonists, td-5108, tegaserod, adenosine a1 receptor agonists. 5-ht3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, triptans as the most important breakthrough in headache medicine – sumatriptan, naratriptan, alosetron, ondansetron, vapiprost and salmeterol 2004 ravinder nath maini imperial college school of medicine identified tnf alpha as a key cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis and discoverer of anti-tnf therapy as an effective treatment marc feldmann kennedy institute of rheumatology, university of oxford discoverer of anti-tnf therapy as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, infliximab and etanercept, treatments for crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2007 garret a. fitzgerald university of pennsylvania prostanoid research, pharmacological inhibition of coxs versus the microsomal pge synthase– 1, involved in the interdisciplinary pentacon consortium, integration of basic and clinical research in yeast, mammalian cells, fish, mice and humans with the objective of predicting nsaid efficacy and cardiovascular hazard in patients 2017 sally davies chief medical officer for england disorders of the blood and bone, sickle cell disease. 2020 michael sofia arbutus biopharma sofosbuvir, a cure for hepatitis c. 2023 katalin karikó, drew weissman university of pennsylvania for research into the development of mrna vaccines