Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: Image copyright Science Photo Library 
  
 Depression and anxiety are twice as common in people newly-diagnosed with Parkinson's disease compared with the general population, research suggests. 
  
 Writing in the journal Neurology, US researchers say depression increases in frequency in Parkinson's patients and is often left untreated. 
  
 Previous research suggests that the disease's impact on the brain can be a trigger for depression. 
  
 Parkinson's UK said depression could be due to a number of causes. 
  
 Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine examined 423 newly-diagnosed Parkinson's patients and tracked their mental health over two years. 
  
 There are psychological reasons why people with Parkinson's can become depressed, but their brain pathways are also affected by the disease Prof Daniel Weintraub, University of Pennsylvania 
  
 At the outset, 14% of patients with Parkinson's disease were found to have depression, compared with 6.6% of a group of healthy volunteers. 
  
 During the follow-up, there was a small rise in the frequency and severity of depression in the group with Parkinson's, while in the control group a decrease was noted. 
  
 At the start of the study, 16% of patients with Parkinson's were taking an anti-depressant, and this increased significantly to 25% two years later. 
  
 But 65-72% of patients who screened positive for depression were still not being treated with medication, the study said. 
  
 Brain pathways and mood 
  
 Dr Daniel Weintraub, associate professor of psychiatry and neurology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, said depression in Parkinson's disease was under-recognised. 
  
 "There are psychological reasons why people who have been diagnosed with a neuro-degenerative disease like Parkinson's can become depressed, but their brain pathways are also affected by the disease and these are closely associated with mood." 
  
 Prof David Burn, from the University of Newcastle, who is funded by Parkinson's UK, said depression can be a sign of Parkinson's. 
  
 "It is well-recognised that people do get depression and anxiety up to 10 years before they develop Parkinson's disease. 
  
 "People recognise the tremor and movement problems of Parkinson's, but the disease actually starts in the brain, affecting certain chemicals. 
  
 "This can cause sleep problems initially and can also lead to minor forms of depression." 
  
 Depression can also be a side effect of Parkinson's drugs. 
  
 Because of the range of possible causes, Parkinson's UK says it is important that patients speak to their healthcare professional if they are worried about their symptoms. 
  
 After Robin Williams died in an apparent suicide last week, it emerged the actor - who had depression - was in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. ||||| Breaking News Emails Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. 
  
 A push from Parkinson’s disease could have put Robin Williams at risk of a “perfect storm” of depression, medical experts said Thursday. 
  
 Williams’ wife said the comedian was battling the early stages of Parkinson’s along with the mood disorder when he took his own life, and health experts say the two are closely linked. Parkinson’s, it turns out, can produce depression even in those who have never suffered from it before. 
  
 “I think it makes absolute sense that if you have a pre-existing depression and you get a disorder that by itself has a tendency to cause depression and you also just learned you have the disorder, it creates the perfect storm,” said Dr. Jeff Bronstein, a professor of neurology and director of the movement disorder program at the University of California, Los Angeles. 
  
 The news caught many off guard, including Michael J. Fox, who has been living with Parkinson’s disease for decades. 
  
 A diagnosis with the disease can be traumatic. 
  
 That’s partly because many people have preconceived ideas about Parkinson’s that are “far more grim and dire than reality,” Bronstein said. “The majority of people with Parkinson’s are walking around without telling anyone. You only see the small fraction who are not doing well. And people identify them with the disease.” 
  
 While people can develop Parkinson’s disease as early as their 20s, the majority are diagnosed in their early 60s, Bronstein said. “And then they live essentially a normal lifespan,” he added. “In the early stages, the majority live well and without significant disability.” 
  
 Although the disease is best known for its deleterious effects on the nerve cells that produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that facilitates movement, Parkinson’s also affects a host of other chemical messengers, including serotonin and norepinephrine, which may explain why patients are more likely to develop depression. 
  
 The good news is that Parkinson’s-related depression responds well to currently available antidepressants that pump up the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine circulating in the brain, said Dr. Irene Richard, a professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Rochester Medical Center and a science adviser to the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research. 
  
 The bad news: Often doctors and even patients themselves do not recognize the depression. It’s just too easy to say that the patient is down because of the diagnosis, Richard said. Further, Parkinson’s and depression have overlapping symptoms, such as a blank facial expression and a monotone voice, she explained. 
  
 When it comes to suicide, there isn’t any data suggesting that Parkinson’s patients are at higher risk than others, experts said. However, Williams did fall into a group with one of the highest suicide rates in the world: Suicides among white, upper-middle-aged men has jumped by more than 50 percent in the last decade, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 
  
 “It’s not uncommon for Parkinson’s patients to have death and suicide ideation. But the traditional view is that suicide is less common among them than in the general population, possibly because of personality changes that make patients adverse to taking risks.” 
  
 One thing researchers do know is that people with a history of depression are likely to develop Parkinson’s-related depression before they start having motor symptoms, said Dr. Daniel Weintraub, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. However, it’s usually a motor symptom, such as unexplained tremor, that brings patients in to the doctor’s office, he said. 
  
 Studies have shown “that it’s not uncommon for Parkinson’s patients to have death and suicide ideation,” said Weintraub. “But the traditional view is that suicide is less common among them than in the general population, possibly because of personality changes that make patients averse to taking risks,” he said. |||||
A:
A study is linking new cases of Parkinson's to depression and anxiety—shortly after it emerged that Robin Williams was in the early stages of the disease. In a look at 423 patients who'd recently been diagnosed, researchers found that the incidence of depression and anxiety was twice as high among those who'd recently been diagnosed versus the wider population, the BBC reports. Some 14% of patients had depression at the beginning of the study; in healthy subjects, the figure was just 6.6%. The number of patients with depression increased slightly over the course of the two-year study, while it decreased a bit among the non-Parkinson's population. A researcher points to both psychological and physical reasons for depression in Parkinson's patients, who, another expert notes, can suffer from depression and anxiety a decade before Parkinson's develops. One issue, a neurology professor told NBC last week, is that the public perception of the illness is "far more grim and dire than reality": "The majority of people with Parkinson’s are walking around without telling anyone. You only see the small fraction who are not doing well."