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Story highlights The name chosen by the new pope could signal his outlook for the papacy 
  
 Past names can carry a message of conservatism or openness to reform 
  
 Benedict XVI meant his choice of name to be unifying 
  
 No pope is likely to pick Peter -- in part because of a centuries' old prophecy 
  
 The secret election to pick a new pope has yet to begin. But whoever is picked may already be mulling over his choice of name -- and what it means. 
  
 In the long history of popes, stretching back two millennia to St. Peter, some names have picked up negative associations, while others have come to signify conservatism or a desire for change. 
  
 So what the new pontiff chooses may be one of the first clues to the course he intends to steer for the world's 1.2 billion Roman Catholics. 
  
 For example, Pius XII, who served from 1939 to 1958, was very conservative, said eminent Italian church historian Alberto Melloni. 
  
 "If the new pope was to call himself Pius XIII, it would be a very ideological choice," he said. 
  
 On the other side of the coin, a new pope that named himself John XXIV would be signaling an openness to reform. 
  
 John XXIII was famed for calling the Second Vatican Council in 1962, which ushered in great changes in the Roman Catholic Church's relationship with the modern world. 
  
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 He was brave to pick the name John at all, says Melloni, since the last man to hold the name is viewed as an "antipope" because he was elected pontiff during a schism in the church in the 15th Century. 
  
 John XXIII got away with it because he said it was in deference to his parish saint, John the Baptist, Melloni said. 
  
 Benedict XVI, who gets to keep his name in rather than reverting to Joseph Ratzinger in his unprecedented position as pope emeritus, meant his choice to be unifying. 
  
 In his first general audience after taking office in 2005, he told the crowds gathered in St. Peter's Square that he wished to follow in the steps of Benedict XV, who led the church through the turbulent years of the First World War. 
  
 "He was a true and courageous prophet of peace who struggled strenuously and bravely, first to avoid the drama of war and then to limit its terrible consequences," Benedict XVI said. "In his footsteps I place my ministry, in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples." 
  
 The choice also evoked St. Benedict, founder of the Benedictine order of monks, who helped spread Christianity throughout Europe and was particularly venerated in Ratzinger's homeland, Germany. 
  
 For the early popes, the choice of a name wasn't an issue. It wasn't until the end of the 10th Century that the head of the church started taking a different name to the one he was born with, said Melloni. 
  
 But since then only one, Adrian VI in the 16th Century, has kept his baptismal name. 
  
 Some were monks from countries other than Italy who wanted to create a link through their names to the great saints of Rome. This was the start of the long list of popes named Leo, Gregory and Benedict, said Melloni. 
  
 In fact, he added, the practice can be seen as typical of a dynasty without sons and daughters -- creating a sense of succession and a link to the earliest names in the church. 
  
 In the 20th Century, John Paul I was the first to create a composite name, in tribute to the two popes who had led the church through the Second Vatican Council, which closed under Paul VI following John XXIII's death. 
  
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 He died barely more than a month later, putting him among the shortest-lived of popes. 
  
 John Paul II, born Karol Wojtyla in Poland -- making him the first non-Italian pope since the 16th Century -- in turn wanted to show homage to that brief pontificate through carrying on the name, said Melloni. 
  
 As the 115 cardinal-electors prepare to meet in the conclave, for the secret election to pick a new pope almost certainly from within their number, the sense of intrigue will only grow. 
  
 "What you may find in the next few days will be the tendency not to try to guess who will be elected and and what name he will take, but to try to define the kind of pope they may hope for," said Melloni. 
  
 "There is a very conservative party within the cardinals who are hoping for Pius XIII or Benedict XVII," he said. 
  
 Others look to someone like Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle, of Manila, as a possible John Paul III, he said, while some of the Italians who want to see the papacy returned to one of their number talk about Paul VII. 
  
 In any case, any cardinal who's in with a shot of the papacy would do well to do his homework. 
  
 Whoever first gains the two-thirds plus one share of the vote and is named pope won't have long to think about it. 
  
 Once all the votes are counted, the dean of the College of Cardinals will ask the newly elected head of the church on the spot if he accepts the role and what he wants to be called. 
  
 While we wait to hear, we can be sure of only one thing, according to Melloni: the new pope won't be called Peter. 
  
 This is out of respect for the first St. Peter, the Apostle -- but perhaps also reflects a centuries' old prophecy that a Peter II will be the very last pope to serve. ||||| Cardinals will discuss Church matters before holding a conclave to elect a Pope 
  
 Roman Catholic cardinals from around the world have gathered in Rome to begin the process of electing the next Pope. 
  
 Cardinals held prayers and swore oaths of secrecy at their first meeting, held by the College of Cardinals. 
  
 There will be a series of daily meetings leading up to a conclave, expected to begin next week, in which a new Pope will be chosen. 
  
 The election process comes after Pope Benedict XVI stepped down last week. 
  
 He was the first pontiff to resign in 600 years, after nearly eight years in office leading the world's 1.2 billion Roman Catholics. 
  
 The first pre-conclave meeting on Monday morning was headed by the dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Angelo Sodano. 
  
 The Vatican said 101 of the 115 cardinals involved in the conclave have arrived in Rome. A further 12 are due to arrive either today or tomorrow, while two are not attending. 
  
 They are the UK's Cardinal Keith O'Brien, who is standing down amid allegations of improper behaviour, and Indonesia's Julius Darmaatmadja, who is ill. 
  
 At the pre-conclave meetings, cardinals - known as the "princes" of the Church - will discuss future challenges and discreetly weigh up possible papal candidates. 
  
 The conclave - to be held in the Sistine Chapel - is expected to take place next week, though the exact date will be agreed on in the coming days. 
  
 'Vatileaks' report 
  
 The conclave in the Vatican's Sistine Chapel is expected to begin next week 
  
 Correspondents say the cardinal electors, those under the age of 80 who will take part in the conclave, will want the new Pope to be officially installed in time to preside over Holy Week. 
  
 Ceremonies start with Palm Sunday on 24 March and culminate in Easter the following Sunday. 
  
 Last year's "Vatileaks" scandal is expected to be high on the agenda during the meetings. 
  
 Corruption and infighting in the Vatican were exposed through a series of leaked documents, and the cardinals are expected this week to be briefed on a confidential report into the scandal seen by Pope Benedict. 
  
 The BBC's David Willey in Rome says strict precautions against leaks of unauthorised information will be in operation at the Vatican until the next Pope has been chosen. 
  
 Technicians will debug the cardinals' lodgings and mobile phones will be banned altogether during the conclave. 
  
 But some cardinals have suggested the internal workings and possible failings of the Vatican's bureaucracy will not be a major factor in the decision to elect the next pope. 
  
 "I think the real priority in the conclave is to choose the pope who is going to deal with these great, global issues," said Cardinal Donald Wuerl of Washington, speaking to the Associated Press in Rome, before the meetings began. 
  
 "If there are some internal problems in the Vatican, administrative problems in the Vatican, that'll eventually be dealt with. But it certainly isn't going to condition how I am going to be looking at who is going to guide and lead the church in the next years." 
  
 O'Brien apology 
  
 The church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse is another recurring issue. 
  
 Benedict XVI flew from the Vatican to Castel Gandolfo by helicopter 
  
 Cardinal Keith O'Brien, formerly Britain's former most senior Roman Catholic cleric, has said he will not take part in the conclave after standing down amid allegations of improper behaviour. 
  
 On Sunday, he admitted his sexual conduct had at times "fallen beneath the standards expected of me". 
  
 He apologised and asked forgiveness from those whom he had "offended". 
  
 Cardinal O'Brien resigned as Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh last Monday after three priests and a former priest made allegations against him dating back to the 1980s. 
  
 Benedict, 85, officially ceased to be the Pope at 20:00 local time (19:00 GMT) on Thursday. 
  
 He left the Vatican by helicopter, flying to the papal retreat at Castel Gandolfo, near Rome. 
  
 He has vowed "unconditional obedience and reverence" to his successor. 
  
 The German pontiff, who was born Joseph Ratzinger, will continue to be known as Benedict XVI, with the new title of "pope emeritus". 
  
 The theologian is expected to retire to a monastery on a hill inside Vatican City. Officials say he will not be able to intervene publicly in the next papacy although he may offer advice. |||||
Catholic cardinals from all over the world are gathering in Rome to begin the process of choosing a successor to Benedict XVI, who ended his papacy Thursday. The 115 cardinal electors will hold meetings this week ahead of a conclave next week in which one of them is expected to be elected as the new pontiff, the BBC reports. To ensure secrecy, debugging technicians will inspect their lodgings and mobile phones will be banned. After the new pope is chosen, he will pick a name for himself and his choice will provide plenty of clues as to how he intends to lead the church, CNN finds. "Pius XIII" would signal that the new pontiff plans to emulate the very conservative Pius XII, while "John XXIV" would be a sign that sweeping reforms like those introduced by John XXIII's Second Vatican Council in 1962 are on the way. One name seen as extremely unlikely is Peter II: Popes shun the name out of respect for the first St. Peter, the Apostle, and because of a medieval prophecy that a Peter II will be the final pope.