Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: Image caption One of the excavated fragments made from fine silk and silver thread discovered at the two Swedish sites, Birka and Gamla Uppsala 
  
 Researchers in Sweden have found Arabic characters woven into burial costumes from Viking boat graves. The discovery raises new questions about the influence of Islam in Scandinavia, writes journalist Tharik Hussain. 
  
 They were kept in storage for more than 100 years, dismissed as typical examples of Viking Age funeral clothes. 
  
 But a new investigation into the garments - found in 9th and 10th Century graves - has thrown up groundbreaking insights into contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds. 
  
 Patterns woven with silk and silver thread have been found to spell the words "Allah" and "Ali". 
  
 The breakthrough was made by textile archaeologist Annika Larsson of Uppsala University while re-examining the remnants of burial costumes from male and female boat and chamber graves originally excavated in Birka and Gamla Uppsala in Sweden in the late 19th and mid-20th centuries. 
  
 She became interested in the forgotten fragments after realising the material had come from central Asia, Persia and China. 
  
 Larsson says the tiny geometric designs - no more than 1.5cm (0.6in) high - resembled nothing she had come across in Scandinavia before. 
  
 "I couldn't quite make sense of them and then I remembered where I had seen similar designs - in Spain, on Moorish textiles." 
  
 Unlocking a puzzle 
  
 Larsson then realised she was not looking at Viking patterns at all but ancient Arabic Kufic script. 
  
 There were two words that kept recurring. One of them she identified with the help of an Iranian colleague. It was the name "Ali" - the fourth caliph of Islam. 
  
 But the word next to Ali was more difficult to decipher. 
  
 Read more on the Vikings 
  
 To unlock the puzzle, she enlarged the letters and examined them from all angles, including from behind. 
  
 "I suddenly saw that the word 'Allah' [God] had been written in mirrored lettering," she says. 
  
 Image caption Enlarging the patterns and looking at the reflection in a mirror revealed the word 'Allah' (God) in Arabic 
  
 Larsson has so far found the names on at least 10 of the nearly 100 pieces she is working through, and they always appear together. 
  
 The new find now raises fascinating questions about the grave's occupants. 
  
 "The possibility that some of those in the graves were Muslim cannot be completely ruled out," she says. 
  
 "We know from other Viking tomb excavations that DNA analysis has shown some of the people buried in them originated from places like Persia, where Islam was very dominant. 
  
 "However, it is more likely these findings show that Viking age burial customs were influenced by Islamic ideas such as eternal life in paradise after death." 
  
 Image caption A museum display gives a sense of what the Viking woman's boat grave in Gamla Uppsala may have looked like - similar to the tombs the fragments were found in 
  
 Her team is now working with the university's department for immunology, genetics and pathology to establish the geographic origins of the bodies dressed in the funeral clothes. 
  
 Historic first 
  
 Contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds has long been established by historic accounts and the discovery of Islamic coins across the northern hemisphere. 
  
 Two years ago, researchers re-examined a silver ring from a female tomb at Birka and found the phrase "for Allah" inscribed on the stone. 
  
 Again the text was Kufic, developed in the Iraqi town of Kufah in the 7th Century - one of the first Arabic scripts used to write down the Koran. 
  
 What makes Larsson's discovery so interesting is that it is the first time historic items mentioning Ali have ever been unearthed in Scandinavia. 
  
 Image copyright Gabriel Hildebrand/ The Swedish History Museum Image caption A Viking ring with a Kufic inscription saying "for Allah" was found inside a 9th Century woman's grave in Birka two years ago 
  
 "The name Ali is repeated again and again beside Allah," she says. 
  
 "I know Ali is highly revered by the largest Muslim minority group, the Shia, and have wondered if there is a connection." 
  
 Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, having married his daughter Fatima. He also became the fourth leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad died. 
  
 Although both Sunnis and Shia revere Ali as an important companion of Muhammad, he has elevated status amongst the Shia, who see him as the Prophet's spiritual heir. 
  
 "The use of Ali does suggest a Shia connection," says Amir De Martino, programme leader of Islamic studies at the Islamic College in London. 
  
 "But without the phrase 'waly Allah' accompanying the name - meaning 'friend of Allah' - this would not be from mainstream Shia culture and might just have been copied wrongly from something that was," adds De Martino, who is also the chief editor of Islam Today, a British Shia magazine. 
  
 "The pattern suggests Ali is being equated with Allah, and therefore there is a slim possibility it has some connection to very early, extreme, mystical fringe movements who believed in this 
  
 "But more likely it is a wrongly copied pattern." 
  
 Image caption Inscriptions on the ceiling of an Alevi mausoleum in Bulgaria feature - on the right - the names Allah, Muhammad and Ali written in legible, simple Arabic while on the left there is a blue mystic pattern with the three names interlocked 
  
 The names Allah and Ali are often represented in enigmatic patterns inside the tombs and books of mystical Shia sects such as the Alevis and Bektashis to this day, but always they are accompanied by the name Muhammad. These can sometimes include mirrored script. 
  
 But unlike Larsson's find, these examples usually include both the name depicted the correct way around and the reflection. 
  
 For Larsson though, her discovery offers much promise for the future. 
  
 "Now that I am looking at Viking patterns differently, I am convinced I will find more Islamic inscriptions in the remaining fragments from these excavations, and other Viking era textiles. 
  
 "Who knows? Maybe they appear in non-textile artefacts too." 
  
 Tharik Hussain is a London-based freelance journalist, travel writer and broadcaster who specialises in Muslim heritage. 
  
 Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning ||||| A Swedish university has claimed to discover Arabic characters for “Allah” and “Ali” woven into Viking burial clothes. Researchers at Uppsala University describe the finding of the geometric Kufic characters in silver on woven bands of silk as “staggering”. 
  
 How the female Viking warrior was written out of history Read more 
  
 The researchers at Uppsala, Sweden’s oldest university, were re-examining clothes that had been in storage for some time. They had originally been found at Viking burial sites in Birka and Gamla Uppsala in Sweden. Textile archaeology researcher Annika Larsson told the BBC that at first she could not make sense of the symbols, but then, “I remembered where I had seen similar designs: in Spain, on Moorish textiles.” 
  
 Uppsala University (@UU_University) #Viking Age script deciphered – mentions ‘Allah’ and ‘Ali’ https://t.co/zdkDy0BeRL pic.twitter.com/7wpUoWstR7 
  
 This led to the identification of the name “Ali” in the text and, when looked at in a mirror, the word “Allah” in reverse was revealed. 
  
 The meaning of the characters was revealed in a mirror. Photograph: Annika Larsson 
  
 “Perhaps this was an attempt to write prayers so that they could be read from left to right,” said Larsson. Arabic characters are more typically inscribed right to left. The finding contradicts theories that Islamic objects in Viking graves are only the result of plunder or trade because, she explained, “the inscriptions appear in typical Viking age clothing that have their counterparts in preserved images of Valkyries”. 
  
 A history of the Viking world – in 10 extraordinary objects Read more 
  
 Larsson said the choice of burial clothes reflected the fineries of Viking life rather than the day-to-day reality, in much the same way that in the modern era people are buried in formal clothes. “Presumably, Viking age burial customs were influenced by Islam and the idea of an eternal life in paradise after death.” 
  
  
  
 However the finding has been disputed. In a blog post, Carolyn Priest-Dorman suggests, from analysis of the weaving technique in the clothes, that the recognition of the Kufic inscriptions is “predicated on unfounded extensions of pattern, not on [the] existing pattern.” 
  
 In addition, Stephennie Mulder, Associate Professor of Islamic Art and Architecture at the University of Texas at Austin, has suggested that the Viking burial finds pre-date the development of the Islamic artistic style Larsson claims to have identified. 
  
 Viking contact with the Islamic world, however, is a well-established fact. There have been finds of more than 100,000 Islamic silver coins known as dirhams in Viking-age Scandinavia. DNA analysis of Viking graves has also shown that some of them contain people who originated in Persia. 
  
 The Vale of York hoard, discovered near Harrogate in 2007, contained objects relating to three belief systems – Islam, Christianity and the worship of Thor – and at least seven different languages. And in March 2015 a Viking woman’s glass ring was discovered bearing the inscription “for Allah” or “to Allah”. 
  
 Facebook Twitter Pinterest The Vale of York hoard, the most important Viking treasure find in the UK in 150 years. Photograph: Linda Nylind for the Guardian 
  
 The textile finds with Larsson’s claimed Arabic script are on display at Enköpings museum’s exhibition on Viking couture until February 2018. 
  
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A:
Is it possible some Vikings were Muslim? That's a question the National Post is asking following the discovery of Viking funeral garb embroidered with ancient Arabic characters spelling "Allah." Annika Larsson of Uppsala University tells the BBC she was examining fragments of clothing discovered in 1,000-year-old burial sites in Sweden when she noticed some unusual symbols in silver thread, and they reminded her of those seen on textiles belonging to Muslim inhabitants of Spain in the Middle Ages, per the Guardian. She later identified the name "Ali" in ancient Kufic script, a likely reference to the cousin of Prophet Muhammad and the fourth caliph of Islam. Then, with the help of a mirror, she found "Allah" woven in reverse, possibly "an attempt to write prayers so that they could be read from left to right,” says Larsson, who found the same pairing on 10 textile fragments. "It is a staggering thought that the bands, just like the costumes, was made west of the Muslim heartland," says Larsson. The garments themselves were actually discovered more than a century ago but have been largely in storage ever since. The fragments discovered by Larsson are the first in Scandinavia to mention "Ali," a figure particularly revered by the Shia Muslim minority, per the BBC. The find—combined with the 2015 discovery of the Kufic script for "Allah" on a Viking ring—opens up the possibility that other Muslim artifacts in Viking graves didn't simply come from trade or plunder, as has been generally presumed. "The possibility that some of those in the graves were Muslim cannot be completely ruled out," says Larsson. (This Viking grave held a big surprise.)