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 Speaking at the 1959 inauguration of the monument he’d commissioned to commemorate the victims of the civil war, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco left little doubt that it was really built to celebrate his victory. 
  
 His vanquished enemies had been obliged to “bite the dust of defeat,” Franco said then, according to Paul Preston’s biography of the general who ruled Spain for 36 years after defeating Republican forces in the 1936-1939 conflict, a precursor to World War II. 
  
 Valle de los Caidos monument. Photographer: Denis Doyle/Getty Images 
  
 Fifty years later, Franco’s flower-strewn tomb at the same site has become a pilgrimage destination for Spaniards still harboring sympathy for his fascist regime. On a recent Sunday, a small group of people gathered around the grave after mass to pay their respects, some crossing themselves or kneeling to touch the tombstone. Nearby, a priest sprinkled holy water on three men. 
  
 Now Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez is seeking to put a stop to the tributes. His Socialist government said Friday that it had issued a decree allowing for Franco’s body to be removed from the site and transferred to a place of his family’s choosing. It’s a decision that threatens a backlash in a country whose political fault-lines reach back to the civil war. 
  
 Forced Labor 
  
 Without Franco’s tomb, the basilica will serve its original purpose, which is to commemorate the remains of some 34,000 victims from both sides of Spain’s civil war that are also buried there, the government said. 
  
 Extracting Franco’s remains from a memorial built using forced labor from 20,000 political prisoners brings to an end a 40-year struggle to come to terms with Franco’s legacy, said Alejandro Quiroga, a professor in Spanish history at Newcastle University in England. It represents another step in attempts to address the grievances of the families of an estimated 200,000 Spaniards who were killed for opposing his regime. 
  
 “There’s no doubt that this will at least normalize a situation that by European standards is abnormal and extraordinary,” Quiroga said. “It’s unthinkable that in any other place where there’s been a fascist dictatorship that you could have this kind of celebration of a dictator in a monument constructed by slaves.” 
  
 The move will play well with Sanchez’s supporters but it illustrates how, nearly 80 years after the end of a bloody civil war, Spain’s fledgling democracy is still deeply polarized. Unlike in Germany or Italy, Spain’s fascist regime wasn’t ousted by force and the payoff for a peaceful transition to democracy after Franco’s death in 1975 is that the perpetrators of atrocities, including mass executions and labor camps, have never faced trial. For years, Spaniards held an unofficial “pact of silence” -- it was best to let sleeping dogs lie, was the thinking. 
  
 It’s an idea that still holds sway today. About 41 percent of Spaniards approve of the idea of removing Franco’s remains while 38.5 percent are opposed, according a July 15 Sigma Dos survey carried out for El Mundo. Yet even with a majority in favor of the measure, 54 percent don’t think that now is the moment to do it, the poll found. 
  
 Towering Cross 
  
 Commissioned by Franco, the 262-meter (860-foot) basilica is longer than St. Peter’s in Rome and took 18 years to build. Its 150-meter-high cross towers from a rocky escarpment surrounded by pine, poplar and oak trees on the edge of the Guadarrama mountain range an hour’s drive northwest of Madrid. 
  
 Franco’s grave commands the central point in the basilica, under a mosaic dome on the far side of the altar from the tomb of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, the founder of Spain’s fascist movement known as the Falange. 
  
 Nowhere is opposition to Franco’s exhumation expressed more vehemently than here, where hundreds come to attend mass each Sunday. Mercedes Laso, 64, said the government was attempting to rewrite history. 
  
 “I don’t care either way about Franco but they should leave his remains alone,” Laso said. “They want to change the result of the civil war after having lost it.” 
  
 Concrete Achievement 
  
 Others argued that it would be a profanity to dig him up after so many years or that it was a smokescreen to distract from other issues such as poverty and immigration. Taking selfies outside the church, Nerea Lerida, 22, said she’d made the 250 kilometer (155 mile) trip from Ciudad Real to visit the monument before the government acts on its plans. 
  
 “He built this place for himself so he should be allowed to remain here,” Lerida said. 
  
 For Sanchez, who governs with a minority after ousting Mariano Rajoy in a no-confidence vote following a corruption scandal involving the conservative People’s Party, it’s a chance to notch up a concrete achievement. With just 84 seats out of 350 in Spain’s parliament, Sanchez is struggling to implement his agenda, such as a levy on banks to cover pension payments or increasing the budget-spending ceiling. 
  
 Under the previous Socialist government, symbols of Franco’s regime were removed from public spaces and streets renamed. A commission on the monument’s future concluded Franco should be removed and Primo de Rivera relocated within the mausoleum, but the recommendations were ignored after the People’s Party took power in 2011. 
  
 “It’s about time they did this,” said Cristina Garcia, a 37-year-old engineer from Madrid. “It can remain as a monument but it shouldn’t be a place of pilgrimage for fascists. You can’t turn the page without reading it first.” ||||| Spain has taken another step towards dealing with the legacy of the civil war after the government approved the exhumation of the remains of Francisco Franco, which have lain in the Valley of the Fallen mausoleum near Madrid since his death in 1975. 
  
 The council of ministers voted in favour of the move, which was opposed by the rightwing People’s and Citizens parties. However, the decree only needed a simple majority to pass. The Socialist party of the prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, the leftwing Podemos and the Catalan and Basque nationalist parties all voted in favour. 
  
 The decree means that after a dispute lasting many years, the removal of the former dictator’s remains will go ahead, probably later this year, despite opposition from Franco’s family. 
  
 His grandson, Francisco Franco Martínez Bordiú, said: “The government has taken this opportunistic, cowardly and vengeful decision. This is just a trick to win votes for the left.” 
  
 Yes, Spain should dig Franco up. But it must not bury the horror of his regime | Giles Tremlett Read more 
  
 Pablo Casado, the leader of the People’s party, which emerged from the reformist wing of the old Franco regime, criticised Sánchez for “reopening old wounds” in an effort to “cover up the fact that he is incapable of governing”. 
  
 The Citizens party, which is going head to head with the People’s party for the rightwing vote, also criticised the move. 
  
 “It seems that some want to return to the fratricidal battles between reds and blues, of confrontation and division, which is what bipartisan politics likes,” said Albert Rivera, the party leader. He claimed this type of politics was as obsolete as “listening to music on cassette or vinyl”. 
  
 While the opposition argued the decision would only reopen old wounds, these have never healed for millions of Spaniards. 
  
 Facebook Twitter Pinterest Flowers placed on the tomb of Francisco Franco inside the basilica at the Valley of the Fallen monument. Photograph: Andrea Comas/AP 
  
 While Franco has lain in splendour 37 miles (60km) outside Madrid, until recently, an estimated 140,000 of his opponents lay in unmarked graves around the country, buried where they were summarily executed during and after the civil war. The last of these executions was carried out in 1975. 
  
 In order to smooth the transition to democracy after Franco’s death, all parties agreed to a “pact of silence”, leaving the crimes of the civil war and its aftermath as unfinished business. 
  
 As a result, for decades before and after the transition, the “vanquished” in the civil war have had to live alongside the “victors”, often knowing their neighbours or local mayor are the people who murdered members of their family or confiscated their property. 
  
 No one has been prosecuted and, despite plans to establish a truth commission, those who committed crimes under the dictatorship are protected by an amnesty. 
  
 There has been no attempt at reconciliation regarding the civil war and it is only in recent years, when the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory was formed in the realisation that the witnesses to this history would soon be dead, that the issue has been addressed and the nation shaken from its collective amnesia. 
  
 Every day, fresh flowers are laid on Franco’s grave, but the fact it exists as a monument is seen as an insult to the millions who suffered and were driven into exile by his regime. While it is a crime in Germany to venerate Hitler and the Nazis, in Spain, there is a Francisco Franco National Foundation dedicated to his memory. 
  
 The exhumation is expected to be carried out in secret to avoid protests and it is not yet clear where the remains will be reburied. The government has given the family 15 days to come up with a proposal. 
  
 However, wherever his final resting place, what the furore about his removal makes clear is that, while the dictator may be long dead, his legacy is very much still with us. |||||
Output:
Spain is taking a major step toward dealing with its fascist past by exhuming the body of former dictator Francisco Franco, the Guardian reports. Buried at a monument for the nation's civil-war dead near Madrid, Franco remains a magnet for fascist sympathizers who spread flowers on his grave—but many see him as an insult to the roughly 200,000 Spaniards who died opposing his regime. Now the Socialist party led by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez is having the fascist leader exhumed against the wishes of Franco's family. "The government has taken this opportunistic, cowardly and vengeful decision," says Franco's grandson, Francisco Franco Martínez Bordiú. "This is just a trick to win votes for the left." Clearly, there's a history here—a history of unhealed wounds. To ease Spain's transition to democracy when Franco died in 1975, the country agreed on a "pact of silence" that left civil-war crimes unpunished. But that meant some Spaniards lived alongside neighbors they knew had killed their family members or taken their property. Under the last Socialist government, symbols of Franco's era were removed and streets renamed, but a plan to have his body taken from the Valley of the Fallen Mausoleum went unheeded when the People's Party took over in 2011, per Bloomberg. Now the exhumation will take place, reburial location unknown. "It's about time they did this," says a 37-year-old woman in Madrid. "It can remain as a monument but it shouldn’t be a place of pilgrimage for fascists."