Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Inside the head of the worm C. elegans, the TV antenna-like structure at the tip of the AFD neuron (green) is the first identified sensor for Earth’s magnetic field. Illustration by Andrés Vidal-Gadea 
  
 AUSTIN, Texas — A team of scientists and engineers at The University of Texas at Austin has identified the first sensor of the Earth’s magnetic field in an animal, finding in the brain of a tiny worm a big clue to a long-held mystery about how animals’ internal compasses work. 
  
 Animals as diverse as migrating geese, sea turtles and wolves are known to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. But until now, no one has pinpointed quite how they do it. The sensor, found in worms called C. elegans, is a microscopic structure at the end of a neuron that other animals probably share, given similarities in brain structure across species. The sensor looks like a nano-scale TV antenna, and the worms use it to navigate underground. 
  
 "Chances are that the same molecules will be used by cuter animals like butterflies and birds," said Jon Pierce-Shimomura, assistant professor of neuroscience in the College of Natural Sciences and member of the research team. "This gives us a first foothold in understanding magnetosensation in other animals." 
  
 The researchers discovered that hungry worms in gelatin-filled tubes tend to move down, a strategy they might use when searching for food. 
  
 When the researchers brought worms into the lab from other parts of the world, the worms didn't all move down. Depending on where they were from — Hawaii, England or Australia, for example — they moved at a precise angle to the magnetic field that would have corresponded to down if they had been back home. For instance, Australian worms moved upward in tubes. The magnetic field’s orientation varies from spot to spot on Earth, and each worm's magnetic field sensor system is finely tuned to its local environment, allowing it to tell up from down. 
  
 The research is published this week in the journal eLife. 
  
 The study's lead author is Andrés Vidal-Gadea, a former postdoctoral researcher in the College of Natural Sciences at UT Austin, now a faculty member at Illinois State University. He noted that C. elegans is just one of myriad species living in the soil, many of which are known to migrate vertically. 
  
 "I'm fascinated by the prospect that magnetic detection could be widespread across soil dwelling organisms," said Vidal-Gadea. 
  
 The neuroscientists and engineers, who use C. elegans in their research into Alzheimer’s disease and addiction, had previously discovered the worm's ability to sense humidity. That work led them to ask what else the worms might be able to sense, such as magnetic fields. 
  
 In 2012, scientists from Baylor College of Medicine announced the discovery of brain cells in pigeons that process information about magnetic fields, but they did not discover which part of the body senses the fields. That team and others have proposed a magnetosensor in the birds' inner ear. 
  
 "It's been a competitive race to find the first magnetosensory neuron," said Pierce-Shimomura. "And we think we've won with worms, which is a big surprise because no one suspected that worms could sense the Earth's magnetic field." 
  
 The neuron sporting a magnetic field sensor, called an AFD neuron, was already known to sense carbon dioxide levels and temperature. 
  
 The researchers discovered the worms' magnetosensory abilities by altering the magnetic field around them with a special magnetic coil system and then observing changes in behavior. They also showed that worms which were genetically engineered to have a broken AFD neuron did not orient themselves up and down as do normal worms. Finally, the researchers used a technique called calcium imaging to demonstrate that changes in the magnetic field cause the AFD neuron to activate. 
  
 Pierce-Shimomura suggested this research might open up the possibility of manipulating magnetic fields to protect agricultural crops from harmful pests.Other members of the research team from the College of Natural Sciences are Joshua Russell, a former graduate student who completed his Ph.D.; Kristi Ward, a former undergraduate; and Celia Beron, a current undergraduate. Research team members from the Cockrell School of Engineering are: Dr. Adela Ben-Yakar, associate professor of mechanical engineering; Navid Ghorashian, a former graduate student who completed his Ph.D.; and Sertan Gokce, a current graduate student. 
  
 Support for this research came from the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 
  
 Read the article Magnetosensitive neurons mediate geomagnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans (eLife, June 17, 2015). ||||| Inside the head of the worm C. elegans, the TV antenna-like structure at the tip of the AFD neuron (green) is the first identified sensor for Earth's magnetic field. Credit: Andres Vidal-Gadea. A team of scientists and engineers at The University of Texas at Austin has identified the first sensor of the Earth's magnetic field in an animal, finding in the brain of a tiny worm a big clue to a long-held mystery about how animals' internal compasses work. 
  
 Animals as diverse as migrating geese, sea turtles and wolves are known to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. But until now, no one has pinpointed quite how they do it. The sensor, found in worms called C. elegans, is a microscopic structure at the end of a neuron that other animals probably share, given similarities in brain structure across species. The sensor looks like a nano-scale TV antenna, and the worms use it to navigate underground. 
  
 "Chances are that the same molecules will be used by cuter animals like butterflies and birds," said Jon Pierce-Shimomura, assistant professor of neuroscience in the College of Natural Sciences and member of the research team. "This gives us a first foothold in understanding magnetosensation in other animals." 
  
 The researchers discovered that hungry worms in gelatin-filled tubes tend to move down, a strategy they might use when searching for food. 
  
 When the researchers brought worms into the lab from other parts of the world, the worms didn't all move down. Depending on where they were from—Hawaii, England or Australia, for example—they moved at a precise angle to the magnetic field that would have corresponded to down if they had been back home. For instance, Australian worms moved upward in tubes. The magnetic field's orientation varies from spot to spot on Earth, and each worm's magnetic field sensor system is finely tuned to its local environment, allowing it to tell up from down. 
  
 The research is published today in the journal eLife. 
  
 The study's lead author is Andrés Vidal-Gadea, a former postdoctoral researcher in the College of Natural Sciences at UT Austin, now a faculty member at Illinois State University. He noted that C. elegans is just one of myriad species living in the soil, many of which are known to migrate vertically. 
  
 "I'm fascinated by the prospect that magnetic detection could be widespread across soil dwelling organisms," said Vidal-Gadea. 
  
 The neuroscientists and engineers, who use C. elegans in their research into Alzheimer's disease and addiction, had previously discovered the worm's ability to sense humidity. That work led them to ask what else the worms might be able to sense, such as magnetic fields. 
  
 In 2012, scientists from Baylor College of Medicine announced the discovery of brain cells in pigeons that process information about magnetic fields, but they did not discover which part of the body senses the fields. That team and others have proposed a magnetosensor in the birds' inner ear. 
  
 "It's been a competitive race to find the first magnetosensory neuron," said Pierce-Shimomura. "And we think we've won with worms, which is a big surprise because no one suspected that worms could sense the Earth's magnetic field." 
  
 The neuron sporting a magnetic field sensor, called an AFD neuron, was already known to sense carbon dioxide levels and temperature. 
  
 The researchers discovered the worms' magnetosensory abilities by altering the magnetic field around them with a special magnetic coil system and then observing changes in behavior. They also showed that worms which were genetically engineered to have a broken AFD neuron did not orient themselves up and down as do normal worms. Finally, the researchers used a technique called calcium imaging to demonstrate that changes in the magnetic field cause the AFD neuron to activate. 
  
 Explore further: A microscopic approach to the magnetic sensitivity of animals ||||| It's well known that many animals rely on the Earth's magnetic field to tell them where they are and where they need to go. But until now, no one has ever figured out just how they do it. Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin, led by Andrés Vidal-Gadea, have found a structure inside the brain of the simple worm C. Elegans that appears to act like a tiny antenna, detecting the magnetic field of the Earth and allowing the animal to orientate itself underground. 
  
 Andrés Vidal-Gadea 
  
 The specialized cell featuring the magnetic sensor is called an AFD neuron. It was known to help detect temperature and carbon dioxide levels, but this recent research showed that it is sensitive to magnetism as well. The information is used to tell which way is down, among other things. 
  
 Related: Scientists Aspire to Nature's Genius With 'Biomimetic' Research 
  
 Interestingly, when worms were brought to the Texas lab from Australia, they burrowed up instead of down when hungry — suggesting their magnetic sense hadn't adapted, and their view of the world was literally upside down. Other worms from far away exhibited similarly skewed perspectives, always going the direction "down" would have been if they were still in their native lands. 
  
 That this sophisticated structure was found in so ancient an animal (simple worms like C. Elegans have existed for hundreds of millions of years) is remarkable, and suggests that more complex animals like birds and fish may have similar but perhaps improved versions of the same thing. 
  
 Related: Scary Smart: Dolphins Seem to Have a Magnetic Sense 
  
 The research appeared Wednesday in the journal eLife. ||||| The seed for this crawl was a list of every host in the Wayback Machine 
  
 This crawl was run at a level 1 (URLs including their embeds, plus the URLs of all outbound links including their embeds) 
  
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A:
A tiny find in a worm-sized brain could give scientists a far greater understanding of how animals use the Earth's magnetic field, phys.org reports. In a lab at the University of Austin in Texas, certain hungry worms were found to move down in gelatin-filled tubes, perhaps in their natural search for food. But worms of the same species, C. elegans, from elsewhere in the world—including Hawaii, England, and Australia—didn't, because they were heading in what would have been down in their native region. And when researchers changed the magnetic field in the lab with a magnetic coil system, the worms changed direction. Then it happened: Scientists identified for the first time a microscopic sensor that helps an animal navigate via the Earth's magnetic field, they report in the journal eLife. "It's been a competitive race to find the first magnetosensory neuron," says Jon Pierce-Shimomura, a member of the team. "And we think we've won with worms, which is a big surprise because no one suspected that worms could sense the Earth's magnetic field." They discovered the sensor on the end of the so-called AFD neuron, which resembles a microscopic TV antenna; researchers already knew it could help sense carbon dioxide levels and temperature, NBC News reports. And while other animals (like pigeons) are known to process data related to magnetic fields, no one had found a magnetosensory neuron before. "Chances are that the same molecules will be used by cuter animals like butterflies and birds," says Pierce-Shimomura. He even suggests that farmers could manipulate magnetic fields to rid crops of pests, per UT News. (Dogs use Earth's magnetic field ... to poop.)