In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.

Nearly a year ago, Nevada death row inmate Scott Dozier asked to be executed, telling a state court judge he would forego his appeals. A doctor deemed Dozier, who was convicted of the 2002 shooting and dismemberment death of 22-year-old Jeremiah Miller, competent to make the decision. But a problem arose: The state had no drugs to carry out a lethal injection. 
  
 Keeping with a recent trend of pharmaceutical industry opposition to the use of their products in executions, the drug manufacturer Pfizer ordered its distributors not to sell midazolam and hydromorphone to prisons. Nevada solicited bids for those drugs from suppliers and received zero offers. 
  
 Earlier this month, Nevada officials announced a solution in the form of a new drug combination, which numerous experts say has never been used in a U.S. execution. At Dozier’s execution on November 14 — the state’s first in more than a decade — he will be injected with fentanyl (the well-known opioid), diazepam (the sedative better known as Valium), and cisatracurium (a muscle relaxant that causes paralysis). 
  
 Though the U.S. Supreme Court has declared that some pain during an execution does not violate the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, the new combination is sure to revive debates over how executions are carried out. 
  
 Much is still unknown. Brooke Keast, a department spokeswoman, said in an email the full protocol — which may include the order of the drugs, who will administer them, and who will witness the execution — will be released in the coming weeks, and that the drugs were “suggested” by the state’s Chief Medical Officer John DiMuro. DiMuro declined to comment, citing pending litigation. 
  
 Several medical professionals say there is no obvious explanation for why these drugs were selected. “It doesn’t make much sense; you don’t need Valium if you have fentanyl,” said Susi Vassallo, a New York University professor of emergency medicine who has written on lethal injection. Valium “makes you sleepy,” and can kill in large doses, but fentanyl also brings about unconsciousness without pain, and the drug’s deadliness is well-known, having caused thousands of overdose deaths around the country in recent years. 
  
 The potential problems will come with cisatracurium, which is related to curare, a paralyzing agent first discovered in South America, where indigenous people used it to poison the tips of their hunting arrows. Fentanyl can stop the heart, but it is short acting and will need to be given in a massive ongoing dose, because otherwise the prisoner may wake up. If he does, the cisatracurium will mask his consciousness while also potentially giving him the sensation — unobservable by witnesses — of being unable to breathe. “People who have recovered from it have said that they couldn’t breathe, and they knew they were suffocating,” Vassallo said. “The paralytic is only going to disguise whether the fentanyl is being administered properly.” 
  
 It is for this reason, she said, that the American College of Veterinarians forbids the use of paralytics when animals are euthanized. 
  
 The fentanyl and diazepam “may be trying to block the experience of suffocation,” said Joel B. Zivot, an Emory University anesthesiologist who has served as an expert witness in legal challenges to execution protocols. “The fentanyl takes away pain, and the Valium takes away anxiety. Both drugs are limited in their ability to do that, and of course neither is designed to block the pain or anxiety of death. So that’s just a show.” 
  
 “This is not actually science,” he added. “It’s not actually medicine. It is a grotesque impersonation of those things.” 
  
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 Such analysis may play some role in forthcoming legal battles, which have often followed announcements of new drug combinations. Nevada public defenders are demanding in court that the state give them more information. A hearing is scheduled for September 11. 
  
 Dozier himself is not concerned about the possibility of pain. “If they tell me, ‘Listen there’s a good chance it’s going to be a real miserable experience for you, for those few hours before you actually expire,’ I’m still gonna do it,” he said in court recently. The state attorney general has argued that this renders moot any legal challenges on his behalf, and that opponents of the method would need to offer an alternative. 
  
 Scott Coffee, a Clark County public defender, argues that the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment is not only about Dozier’s interest. “What if [the method] was Ajax and peanut butter, or dismemberment?” he said. “Dozier could say it’s okay, but there would still be a public outcry.” 
  
 The gradual restriction of drug supplies has led multiple states to turn to new drugs and combinations, which have in turn led to visible agony among prisoners in Arizona, Ohio, and Oklahoma. The Supreme Court ruled in 2014 that some pain does not make an execution cruel and unusual punishment. “While most humans wish to die a painless death, many do not have that good fortune,” Justice Samuel Alito wrote in Glossip v. Gross. “Holding that the Eighth Amendment demands the elimination of essentially all risk of pain would effectively outlaw the death penalty altogether.” 
  
 Nevada bought its drugs from Cardinal Health, a wholesale pharmaceutical distributor. Company spokesman Corey Kerr responded to a list of questions about the drugs by writing in an email, “We hold ourselves to the highest standards of accuracy and safety and have robust controls in place. We follow every manufacturer’s specific instructions to ensure the safe distribution of their products.” 
  
 Numerous pharmaceutical manufacturers have opposed the use of their drugs in lethal injections, but it has not been made public which companies produced these drugs. It is inevitable that reporters and activists will start looking for the sources. “It’s pretty troubling that Nevada has responded to the industry opposition to the use of ‘traditional’ execution drugs in executions by coming up with an entirely untested, experimental, and dangerous new protocol,” said Maya Foa of Reprieve, a British human rights organization that works with drug manufacturers to cut off supplies for executions. 
  
 In the meantime, New York state comptroller Thomas DiNapoli, who manages the state’s Common Retirement Fund, an investor in Cardinal Health, requested that the company report on its efforts to prevent their drugs from being used in executions. "Association with executions puts the company's reputation at risk and opens it to legal and financial damage,” DiNapoli said in an email. “We invest the state pension fund for more than 1 million active and retired public workers and I am duty-bound to protect their investment portfolio from risks like this.” DiNapoli has filed similar requests to other pharmaceutical companies. 
  
 The cycle of new drugs, legal challenges, and questions of supply is not the first and surely will not be the last of its kind. Zivot, the anesthesiologist, sees this round as further proof that the public should realize it is impossible to conduct a “humane” execution. “If the state is inclined to execute, it might be the time again to take up hanging, the electric chair or the bullet,” he wrote in a 2013 column for USA Today. Nevada is one of two states, along with Utah, that has carried out an execution by firing squad, in 1913, and was the first state to utilize the lethal gas chamber, in 1924. 
  
 Dozier, for his part, prefers the firing squad. “That would be the way to go,” he told a friend, “if it was up to me.” ||||| Nevada death row inmate Scott Raymond Dozier confers with Lori Teicher, a federal public defender involved in his case, during a Thursday, Aug. 17, 2017 appearance in Clark County District Court in Las... (Associated Press) 
  
 Nevada death row inmate Scott Raymond Dozier confers with Lori Teicher, a federal public defender involved in his case, during a Thursday, Aug. 17, 2017 appearance in Clark County District Court in Las... (Associated Press) 
  
 LAS VEGAS (AP) — Prison officials in Nevada drew immediate criticism Friday for proposing an untried three-drug combination for the scheduled Nov. 14 lethal injection of a twice-convicted murderer who says he wants his execution sentence carried out. 
  
 The state has supplies of the sedative diazepam, the powerful synthetic opioid fentanyl and the muscle paralytic cisatracurium it proposes to use to carry out the execution of 46-year-old Scott Raymond Dozier, Nevada Department of Corrections spokeswoman Brooke Keast said. 
  
 Nevada, like other states, is struggling to obtain execution drugs because European pharmaceutical companies began blocking the use of their products for lethal injections. 
  
 Prison administrators didn't immediately respond to questions including who will have the final say about what drugs are used, how the three medications were obtained, what order they would be administered and who will be in the Ely State Prison death chamber for Dozier's execution, which would be the first in the state in 11 years. 
  
 The American Civil Liberties Union of Nevada and an official at the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic in California raised other questions, and said they fear Dozier will suffer and suffocate while he's conscious and paralyzed, but that observers won't be able to tell. 
  
 We don't know how this will go," said Jen Moreno, a death penalty clinic attorney involved in lethal injection challenges in other states. "When we've asked that question before, it has not gone well." 
  
 Moreno said Nevada didn't release a plan, just a list of drugs including cisatracurium that could "mask any signs of pain and suffering or problems that might occur with breathing," and fentanyl that can slow breathing to a stop. 
  
 Neither drug has been used in executions before, she said. 
  
 Moreno referred to the 2014 executions of Dennis McGuire in Ohio and Joseph Rudolph Wood III in Arizona. Both gasped and snorted for nearly 30 minutes before they were pronounced dead. Both Ohio and Arizona used a two-drug method starting with the sedative midazolam that each state later abandoned. 
  
 "What we saw in those executions was a prolonged struggle to breathe, and movement," Moreno said. "The paralytic would mask the struggle and the movement, but wouldn't mean it wasn't going on." 
  
 ACLU officials criticized Nevada lawmakers for leaving to prison officials decisions about how executions are carried out, beyond the requirement that they be by lethal injection. 
  
 "This experimental combination of drugs has never been used for lethal injection in any state, and it must be reviewed by the court to ensure it complies with all state and federal laws," ACLU executive Tod Story said. 
  
 "Use of these drugs could result in a botched execution, leading to torture or a lingering death," he said. 
  
 Dozier, 46, was convicted of two murders in 2002, in Phoenix and Las Vegas. He was sentenced to death in 2007. 
  
 Dozier isn't appealing his sentence and told a state court judge in Las Vegas on Thursday he wants his sentence carried out, and that he isn't concerned about pain and suffering. 
  
 His attorney, Thomas Ericsson, has been joined by federal public defenders in a request this week for Clark County District Court Judge Jennifer Togliatti to require prisons officials to answer more than 20 questions about the Nevada execution process, drug dosages and the qualifications and training of execution team members. 
  
 The judge is due next Thursday to schedule hearings on those issues. ||||| While Attorney Jeff Sessions is waging war on opioids, the Nevada Department of Corrections has secured fentanyl — a powerful opioid at the center of the crisis — to use in an upcoming execution. 
  
 Fentanyl will be used as part of a three-drug cocktail in addition to diazepam, which causes unconsciousness, and cisatracurium, which causes paralysis. This cocktail has never been used in an execution, and experts are concerned about its effectiveness. 
  
 “Use of these drugs could result in a botched execution, leading to torture or a lingering death in violation of the protections of the United States Constitution,” ACLU of Nevada Executive Director Tod Story said in a statement. 
  
 The ACLU of Nevada is currently looking at what legal avenues it can take to challenge the untried procedure. 
  
 Scott Dozier, 46, is set to be executed on Nov. 14 for two murders in the early 2000s. In 2002 Dozier shot and dismembered 22-year-old Jeremiah Miller. At the time of his trial he was already serving a 22-year sentence for the drug-related murder of Jasen Green. 
  
 Dozier’s execution will be Nevada’s first in more than a decade, and it will take place in the state’s new execution chamber, renovated last year for nearly $900,000. |||||
"This is not actually science," anesthesiologist Joel Zivot tells the Marshall Project. "It’s not actually medicine. It is a grotesque impersonation of those things." Nevada officials announced in August the state will be carrying out an execution—its first in more than a decade—with a combination of drugs experts say has never been tried before, Vice reports. While Nevada hasn't released many details on its planned execution of convicted murderer Scott Dozier, it has said it will use fentanyl, diazepam, and cisatracurium. According to the AP, Nevada, like other states, is having a hard time getting tried-and-true execution drugs. But it already has supplies of the three drugs listed above. Medical experts and anti-death penalty activists are questioning Nevada's choice of drugs. Using both fentanyl—currently at the center of America's opioid crisis—and diazepam—better known as Valium—would appear to be redundant, a professor of emergency medicine says. And cisatracurium—a paralytic that has been known to cause a suffocating sensation—could "mask any signs of pain and suffering" should something go wrong, adds a attorney fighting the death penalty. In fact, the American College of Veterinarians forbids the use of paralytics like cisatracurium when animals are euthanized. Nevada is likely to face a legal challenge ahead of Dozier's scheduled Nov. 13 execution. For his part, Dozier says he would prefer a firing squad but isn't concerned about having "a real miserable experience."