Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.

The tsunami and nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, now threatens the developing brains of children in Cambodia — but not for reasons that were ever expected. 
  
 Cambodia has long struggled with iodine deficiency. The element is crucial to early brain growth: When pregnant women and their infants have low levels, the children can permanently lose 10 to 15 I.Q. points. Iodine deficiency is considered the world’s leading preventable cause of mental impairment. 
  
 But there is a cheap, easy remedy: iodized salt. As salt is cleaned and packaged, potassium iodate may be sprayed on it, normally at a cost of only a dollar or two per ton. 
  
 That means, nutrition experts say, that the I.Q. of entire nations can be raised 10 points for just a nickel per child per year. ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. ||||| Field Diary: Seeing first-hand how iodized salt eliminates iodine deficiency disorder In Cambodia 
  
 © UNICEF Cambodia/1997/Thearith TITH Sorn Ratha, aged thirteen, with goitre 
  
 By Bona KHOY 
  
  
  
 In 1997, Bona Khoy was a UNICEF Communication Assistant documenting the impact of iodine deficiency disorder in Cambodia. Now a Communication Officer, he recently revisited one family and saw first-hand how iodised salt had a made a difference in their lives. 
  
  
  
 Kratie, Cambodia, 13 September 2012 â€“ I first met Sorn Ratha in Toul Monorum village, Kratie province, north-east Cambodia, fifteen years ago, as a UNICEF film maker accompanying programme colleagues, government officials and development partners as they conducted a comprehensive survey on iodine deficiency disorder. Sorn Ratha looked younger than her thirteen years and had a large swelling on the right side of her neck. She had no idea what it was and neither did her sisters aged nine and six, her brother aged four, nor her mother who all had similar swellings. Back then, many people used to think the swellings were caused by swallowing the hard seeds of certain fruit or by working too much. 
  
  
  
  
  
 ©UNICEF Cambodia/2012/Bona KHOY 
  
 Sorn Ratha, now 28 years old, is healthy and a happily married mother with two children 
  
  
  
 A life transformed 
  
  
  
 In August 2012 I revisited Toul Monorum village and met Sorn Ratha again. She is now a happily married 28-year-old and the mother of two healthy children. Her life was transformed by her encounter with the IDD team in 1997. 
  
  
  
 "I didn't know what [the swelling] was until a group of official people came to visit my family and told us about this problem. Since then, I realised that almost my whole family had goitre.â€� says Sorn Ratha. 
  
  
  
 Goitre is name for the enlargement of the thyroid when the thyroid gland is not functioning properly. It is caused by iodine deficiency. Lack of iodine can also cause brain damage, growth retardation and learning difficulties. Iodine is especially essential for women of childbearing age, because lack of it can cause miscarriage, stillbirth and mental retardation. 
  
  
  
 Although only small quantity of iodine is needed to prevent deficiency (just a quarter of a milligram a day) Sorn Ratha and her family had developed goitre because in Toul Monorum village along the Mekong River, there is very little naturally-occurring iodine in the soil or water. The area is exposed to heavy rainfall and periodic floods which also leach iodine from the soil, so that its crops lack this vital micronutrient. 
  
  
  
 According to UNICEF Nutrition Officer, Un Sam Oeun, "When we came here in 1997â€¦we observed that many middle-aged women and children had goitre. We could see them everywhere, on the street and in their communities." 
  
  
  
 The 1997 survey found that 17 per cent of people in Cambodia had goitre (almost two million) and over five million more were at risk. As an immediate response to the high incidence of iodine deficiency disorder, the Royal Government of Cambodia adopted a strategy of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) and stepped up the supply of iodised salt throughout the country. 
  
  
  
 © UNICEF Cambodia/2012/Bona KHOY Sorn Ratha cooks with iodised salt every day having learned that it will keep her family healthy and make her children smart 
  
 Government encouraged universal salt iodisation 
  
  
  
 With funding from United States Agency for International Development (USAID) UNICEF has continued to support the government to encourage iodisation of national salt production, enforce USI legislation, and promote the consumption of iodised salt. 
  
  
  
 The strategy made a huge difference to Sorn Ratha. Without iodine her life would have turned out very differently given the inevitable impact on her physical growth and development. "The team from the organisation told us to use iodised salt in order to eliminate the goitre and we started to use it and the goiter disappeared. All of our family members got rid of goitre. I continue to use iodised salt for cooking because it makes us healthy and it improves our memory. It really caught my attention when I also heard on radio and TV that the use of iodised salt everyday makes us healthy and it makes our children smart." Sorn Ratha said. 
  
  
  
 I also learned a great deal from my meeting with Sorn Ratha and her family. Having seen and documented the difference â€˜beforeâ€™ and â€˜afterâ€™ the use of iodised salt, I can personally attest to the benefits of iodine and have never failed to urge everyone I meet to use iodised salt. ||||| All of the symptoms of iodine deficiency are related to its effect on the thyroid: 
  
 GOITER – Without adequate iodine, the thyroid progressively enlarges (develops a goiter) as it tries to keep up with demand for thyroid hormone production. Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid enlargement and goiter (see Goiter brochure). Within a goiter, nodules can develop. Patients with a large goiter may experience symptoms of choking, especially when lying down, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. 
  
 HYPOTHYROIDISM – As the body’s iodine levels fall, hypothyroidism may develop, since iodine is essential for making thyroid hormone. While this is uncommon in the United States, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide (see Hypothyroidism brochure). 
  
 PREGNANCY-RELATED PROBLEMS – Iodine deficiency is especially important in women who are pregnant or nursing their infants. Severe iodine deficiency in the mother has been associated with miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and congenital abnormalities in their babies. Children of mothers with severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can have intellectual disabilities and problems with growth, hearing, and speech. In the most severe form, an underactive thyroid can result in cretinism (a syndrome characterized by permanent brain damage, intellectual disabilities, deaf mutism, spasticity, and short stature), though this is not seen in the United States. Congenital hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the world. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy, which may be present in some women in the United States, may be associated with low intelligence in children. |||||

Cambodia thought it had a handle on its scarcity of iodine, an element critical for humans (and one not made naturally by the body) to make thyroid hormone. The country had long struggled with the lack of iodine in its soil, which at one point in the late 1990s resulted in goiters in 17% of its population, per UNICEF. The solution: iodizing table salt, a cheap way to boost citizens' iodine intake. But as the New York Times reports, national efforts to iodize table salt started disintegrating in 2010, and in 2011 a major event happened more than 2,600 miles away that had unexpected consequences for the country's iodine deficiency dilemma: the Japanese earthquake and tsunami, which caused once-affordable iodine to spike in price globally and decimate specifically Cambodia's salt industry. The iodizing initiative had already started to erode before 2011, as the government and salt producers let things fall through the cracks. After the tsunami, things worsened: There was already a dearth of iodine due to the 2008 recession, and the natural disaster in Japan, which produces about a third of the world's iodine, exacerbated it. Add cheaper, non-iodized Vietnamese salt in, as well as the fact that iodine was being scooped up by higher-paying parties such as pharmaceutical firms, and iodized salt in Cambodia fell by the wayside. Now suffering the effects: the country's kids, 2,300 of whom, when tested in 2014, showed a 30% drop of iodine levels in urine compared to 2011. Iodine Global Network Director Jonathan Gorstein tells the Times efforts must be taken anew to halt the deficiency and the "pattern in which success leads to backsliding." (Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lower a baby's IQ.)