In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.

MedicalResearch.com Interview with: 
  
 Sabine Roza MD Ph.D. and 
  
 Ayesha Sajjad MD, Phd student 
  
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology 
  
 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 
  
 Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 
  
 Medical Research: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? 
  
  
  
 Dr. Roza: WHO guidelines recommend six months of exclusive breastfeeding followed by partial breastfeeding until two years for overall optimum growth and development of children. However, the role of breastfeeding duration on child cognitive development remains a topic of continual debate. Previous research has shown mixed results on the role of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity on child IQ. Several methodological differences in study design inhibit comparisons of these studies and thus limit their generalizability. Furthermore, the association of breastfeeding with child cognitive development is subject to confounding by various factors especially maternal IQ. Therefore, we aimed to study the association between breastfeeding duration and breastfeeding exclusivity with non-verbal IQ in children. We used data the Generation R Study, which is a prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. Due to the large variability in ethnic backgrounds in our study participants, we focused on non-verbal IQ. In a large sample of 3761 children aged on average 6 years, we found an initial advantage of 0.32 points in non-verbal IQ for every increasing month of breastfeeding, which strongly attenuated after adjustments were made for child factors, maternal factors, sociodemographic factors, parental lifestyle and maternal IQ. Similar attenuation of effect sizes was observed for breastfeeding duration as a categorical variable and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. 
  
 Medical Research: What should clinicians and patients take away from your report? 
  
 Dr. Roza: Breastfeeding is important for over-all optimum growth of children conferring various health advantages. However, improved IQ with longer duration of breastfeeding is not among those advantages. Sociodemographic factors, parental lifestyle and most importantly maternal IQ mostly explain the association between breastfeeding and child IQ. 
  
 Medical Research: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this study? 
  
 Dr. Roza: Future research should be aimed to investigate other factors that can further explain the complex association between breastfeeding and child IQ such as paternal IQ. Furthermore, other domains of child cognitive development should be investigated in relation to the effects of confounding. 
  
 Citation: 
  
 Breastfeeding duration and non-verbal IQ in children 
  
 Sajjad A1, Tharner A2, Kiefte-de Jong JC3, Jaddoe VV4, Hofman A5, Verhulst FC6, Franco OH3, Tiemeier H7, Roza SJ8. 
  
 J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Feb 19. pii: jech-2014-204486. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204486. [Epub ahead of print] 
  
 MedicalResearch.com Interview with:, & Sabine Roza MD Ph.D. (2015). Longer Breastfeeding Not Linked To Higher Childhood IQ ||||| Brazilian study of 6,000 babies from all backgrounds since 1982 finds those who breastfed were more intelligent, spent longer in education and earned more 
  
 Breastfed babies are more likely to turn into well-educated and higher-earning adults, according to a major long-term study. 
  
 Researchers in Brazil have followed nearly 6,000 babies from birth for the past three decades, enabling them for the first time to get an idea of the long-term effects of breastfeeding. Nearly 3,500 of them, now 30-year-old adults, accepted an invitation to be interviewed and sit IQ tests for the purpose of the study. Those who had been breastfed proved to be more intelligent, had spent longer at school and earned more than those who had not been. And the longer they were breastfed as a baby, the better they tended to be doing. 
  
 It is already known that breastfeeding can increase a child’s IQ by a small amount. The question that Dr Bernardo Lessa Horta from the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil wanted to answer was whether this translated into greater intelligence and better prospects as an adult. 
  
 “Our study provides the first evidence that prolonged breastfeeding not only increases intelligence until at least the age of 30 years but also has an impact both at an individual and societal level by improving educational attainment and earning ability,” he said. 
  
 Facebook Twitter Pinterest The study found babies who had been breastfed for six months, as recommended by the WHO, got most of the benefits enjoyed by those who were fed for longer. Photograph: Katie Collins/PA 
  
 It is not just the age of the participants that makes this study unusual. Horta says it is free of the major complication of most breastfeeding studies because, when it began in 1982, it was not just the more affluent and educated mothers who breastfed in Brazil. Breastfeeding was not limited to one socio-economic group. It was, he says, evenly distributed across the social classes. So the higher achievers at the age of 30 did not come from better-off homes. 
  
 Nonetheless, in analysing their results, now published in the Lancet Global Health journal , they took account of family income at birth, parental schooling, genomic ancestry, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal age, birthweight and type of delivery to try to avoid any of those factors skewing the results. 
  
 They found that all the breastfed babies had greater intelligence, as measured by a standard IQ test, had spent more years in education and had higher earnings. But the longer they had been breastfed, the greater the benefits. Children who had been breastfed for 12 months had an IQ that was four points higher than those breastfed for less than a month, had nearly a year’s more schooling and earned around £70 a month more – about a third more than the average income level. 
  
 Horta acknowledged he could not completely rule out the possibility mothers who breastfed helped their babies’ development in other ways. “Some people say it is not the effect of breastfeeding but it is the mothers who breastfeed who are different in their motivation or their ability to stimulate the kids,” he told the Guardian. 
  
 But, he said, there is evidence from other studies of the nutritional value of mother’s milk, rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for brain growth. Some studies have suggested babies with a particular genotype are more likely to get the IQ benefit from breastfeeding than others. Horta and colleagues are now looking to see whether that applies in their cohort. 
  
 Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is recommended by the World Health Organisation. Horta said babies who had been breastfed for six months got most of the benefits enjoyed by those who were fed for longer. “Mothers should breastfeed for as long as possible,” he said, but he recognised that extended breastfeeding is not always easy for women. Less than a quarter of new mothers in the UK are still exclusively breastfeeding by the time the baby is six weeks old. 
  
 Dr Colin Michie, chair of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health’s nutrition committee, said: “It’s widely known that breastfed babies are better protected against chest and ear infections, are at less risk of sudden infant death and are less likely to become obese, but it’s interesting to see the benefits of breastfeeding for a prolonged period of time not only benefit the baby in the early years, but also translate into increased intelligence and improved earning ability later in life. 
  
  
  
 “It is important to note that breastfeeding is one of many factors that can contribute to a child’s outcomes, however, this study emphasises the need for continued and enhanced breastfeeding promotion so expectant mothers are aware of the benefits of breastfeeding. Furthermore, once mothers have given birth, we must ensure they are properly supported to continue breastfeeding for as long as they are able to.” 
  
 • This article was amended on 18 March 2015 because an earlier version referred to long-chain polyunsaturated acids. This has been corrected to say long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
  
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The benefits of breastfeeding extend long beyond childhood, a decades-long study finds. Researchers have been keeping tabs on a group of Brazilian children since 1982, and recently, they checked in with some 3,500 of them to see how they're doing as adults. Interviews and an IQ test found that those who breastfed had higher IQs and were earning more money, the Guardian reports. In fact, a longer period of breastfeeding was associated with particularly good results: Those babies who had breastfed for a year ended up pulling in about $100 more per month as adults than did those who had breastfed for less than a month. They also had IQs that surpassed the shorter-term breastfeeders by four points. The researchers used data from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds, the Guardian notes, and they worked to control for factors like maternal education, babies' birth weight, mothers' smoking, and more. Still, the scientists say that other influences could be at play, and the lead researcher tells the New York Times that he doesn't "want to terrify people who did not breastfeed or who breastfed for a short time." In fact, another recent study questions the idea that IQ and breastfeeding are linked: A researcher in the Netherlands tells MedicalResearch.com that other variables—including "sociodemographic factors, parental lifestyle, and, most importantly, maternal IQ" may explain the connection. Still, she agrees that "breastfeeding is important for overall optimum growth of children." (A lactation expert recently explained why pumping and breastfeeding aren't equivalent.)