Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.

Some sites discourage paying for breast milk, while others actively endorse the practice. Advertisements from some sellers play up the convenience and price, which can be as low as $1.50 an ounce. But many women wish to donate milk simply to help out fellow mothers in need. 
  
 Rachel Holtzman, 31, a writer who lives in Brooklyn , had breast reduction surgery that unexpectedly left her unable to lactate. After giving birth to Levi, now 4 ½ months old, she turned to a network of women in Park Slope who were willing to donate their breast milk. It has been a largely positive experience. 
  
 “We worried at first,” she said. “We wanted to be mindful that the donors were healthy, but there was never a moment when we were afraid. We’ve had the milk of about 30 women and have never had a problem.” 
  
 Women who do not wish to rely on an informal network may turn to breast milk banks, which store and sell breast milk from donors. Thirteen banks in the United States and Canada follow voluntary guidelines set up by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America , which require that donors and donations be screened, and that milk be pasteurized. 
  
 But milk banks give priority to premature infants with significant medical complications, and the milk is available only by prescription. A bank will supply milk by prescription to healthy infants, but only if sufficient supplies are available — and they rarely are. The association’s banks distributed 2.15 million ounces in 2011, but the current annual need is 9 million ounces. 
  
 Even when it is available, milk from banks is expensive, as much as $6 an ounce, and the average intake of a 1-month-old is about 25 ounces a day. 
  
 All of this encourages new parents, often scrambling to find breast milk on short notice, to shop for cheaper or more convenient sources, and Web sites including onlythebreast.com and eatsonfeets.org have sprung up to fill the demand. In 2011, there were more than 13,000 postings on the four leading milk-sharing Web sites, according to Sarah Keim, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Ohio State and a researcher at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. 
  
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 In using any of these services, the buyer relies on the representations of the seller. The new study suggests that may prove hazardous. 
  
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 Dr. Keim and her colleagues collected 101 samples from milk-sharing Web sites, recording the sellers’ assertions about their own health and their methods of handling and storage. Then the researchers analyzed the bacterial content in the samples, comparing them with unpasteurized breast milk from screened donors at banks. 
  
 The researchers found that 64 percent of the samples from milk-sharing sites were contaminated with staph, 36 percent with strep, and almost three-quarters with other bacterial species. Three of the samples contained salmonella. Seventy-four percent of the samples would have failed milk bank criteria. 
  
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 The unpasteurized milk bank samples were not entirely free of contamination either, but they were considerably cleaner than those from the online milk-sharers — 25 percent were contaminated with staph, 20 percent with strep, and 35 percent with other types of bacteria. Twenty-five percent of the milk bank samples contained no detectable bacteria at all, compared with 9 percent of the samples from milk-sharing sites. 
  
 “Most staph and strep are harmless at normal levels,” Dr. Keim said. “But some of the levels we found were very high.” Nine percent of the milk-sharing samples contained dangerous levels of staph, and a handful had unusually high strep levels. Salmonella “doesn’t belong in milk at all,” she said. 
  
 Dr. Keim gave high marks to the milk banks. “When you donate to one of the H.M.B.A.N.A. banks, you know it’s been processed and made safe for a baby who really needs it.” 
  
 All milk shipped from milk banks is pasteurized, which kills skin and gastrointestinal bacteria, as well as many viruses, including those that cause colds . But pasteurization also destroys some of the beneficial substances in breast milk. 
  
 Kim Updegrove, president of the milk bank association, believes that however well intended, informal sharing of breast milk can be hazardous. 
  
 “If you get milk from an unscreened sharer, you put your child at risk,” she said. “I hate to say this to an informal sharer, because they are trying to do good. But they are playing a game of Russian roulette.” 
  
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 The Food and Drug Administration does not regulate the buying or selling of breast milk, but the agency discourages both online and person-to-person sharing. Only three states — California , Maryland and New York — regulate milk banks. New York, for instance, specifies rules for collection and storage of breast milk, and requires that donors be screened and periodically re-evaluated in a process overseen by a physician. 
  
 Dr. Keim said there is no way for a consumer to be certain what she is getting from an online source. 
  
 “We looked at everything a buyer could know herself — temperature, the condition of the containers, how long it took to ship, what sellers were saying in their ads — and only the time in transit had any effect on contamination. 
  
 “Buyers have no way of knowing even what they’re getting — it could be cow’s milk or formula.” ||||| Anthony, who lives in Queens, is an athlete, and he has a secret fuel for keeping his stamina up. A friend suggested he try it; a lot of guys he’s met at different gyms use it. 
  
 “It gives me incredible energy I don’t get from other food and drinks,” he said. Typically, he buys it online for about $2.50 an ounce, which isn’t too bad for a magic elixir — but, considering this substance is typically available free of charge, that price represents a substantial markup. Anthony does not mind; he’s happy to pay. “I always compensate the women I buy from,” he told me. “And pretty nicely, too.” 
  
 Anthony’s energy drink of choice is breast milk. 
  
 “I don’t believe in steroids or other energy supplements, none of that garbage,” he said in a phone interview. He’d been buying breast milk from his neighbor for the past year, but she stopped nursing. Now, he uses sites like Only the Breast: “I want natural stuff that’s God-given, and if it’s okay with moms looking to get rid of it, I’ll take it.” 
  
 Some men who drink breast milk, like Anthony, cite reasons of health or nutrition. Jason Nash, a 55-year-old father of four, started drinking breast milk after the birth of his first child. "It occurred to me that breast milk could be just as healthy and tasteful for adults as infants,” Nash said. “I believe it has kept me from getting sick all these years.” His wife isn’t thrilled, but doesn’t mind as long as the milk comes from a safe source. For other men (not least those in adult-nursing relationships), breast milk is a kink. “All I’ll say is it’s a fetish for me,” wrote another man, whose post on Only the Breast identified him as a "nice, harmless man in New Jersey seeking breast milk from healthy, non-smoking mom.” 
  
 Regardless of customer motivation, most national breast-milk banks reserve their milk for babies in need, leaving would-be adult consumers to use sites like Only the Breast, Eats on Feets, and Human Milk 4 Human Babies. (The sale of bodily fluids is banned on mainstream sites like eBay and Craigslist. Only the Breast co-founder Glenn Snow says while his site focuses on mothers, they "do not mind men seeking milk for health or wellness needs”; HM4HB is “donation-only and does not support the sale of human breastmilk.”) As Wired noted in 2011, the donation of breast milk isn’t regulated by the government in the same way that donations of blood, semen, or organs are — and that’s allowed the breast-milk trade to flourish “on an unprecedented scale.” Only the Breast’s founders say the number of men seeking milk online has grown since their site launched in 2010. Last summer, The Telegraph reported that drinking breast milk had become a “fad” in China among “adults with high incomes and high-pressure jobs and who suffered poor health.” 
  
 Certain studies have suggested that a compound in breast milk could help fight cancer cells, and researchers are exploring other possibilities for medical use. Mainstream medicine, though, has typically been skeptical of adults drinking breast milk. "This is quite bizarre, completely anecdotal and probably complete bunkum,” said an Oxford pharmacology professor and cancer specialist whom The Telegraph asked about adult cancer patients drinking breast milk. "It probably won't do any harm, but it's unlikely to do any good either.” And fad or not, society in general is equally suspicious. Anthony prefers not to tell people about his beverage of choice, because being “a thirtysomething-year-old man drinking breast milk makes me sound weird.” (Likewise, most of the devotees I spoke to asked to be identified by first name only.) When Sarah Murphy, a 35-year-old Westchester mother, went on Only the Breast to donate unused breast milk, the responses she received startled her. “I was shocked men were asking for my ‘nutritious milk,’” Murphy said. “It creeped me out to the extent that it made me second-guess the responses from women … I wondered whether there were even women on this thing, or just men trolling for milk.” 
  
 Buying bodily fluids from strangers online also presents some clear health risks. Last October, the New York Times reported that “64 percent of the samples from milk-sharing sites were contaminated with staph, 36 percent with strep, and almost three-quarters with other bacterial species. Seventy-four percent of the samples would have failed milk bank criteria.” Nash, for example, has been drinking breast milk for 17 years and says he’s been extra careful in the wake of the studies cited in the Times. 
  
 “I screen the producers by getting their medical records, and I meet them in person to make sure they don’t have needle marks,” Nash said of the breast milk he buys, which he drinks sometimes straight up, and sometimes with coffee. “I will not buy via mail, UPS, or FedEx.” 
  
 David, a 42-year-old Brooklyn resident, told me he first drank breast milk to help with his nausea while going through chemotherapy three years ago. The remedy was successful, and he’s been drinking breast milk ever since. He describes the taste as “sweet” and “ambrosial.” (He adds that he has a friend, Joey, who started drinking breast milk on the recommendation of a holistic-health-care practitioner. Joey hopes to cure his psoriasis.) Jan Barger, a lactation consultant, said it’s common for chemo patients to drink breast milk. 
  
 “It’s easy to digest,” she explained. “So for people struggling through chemotherapy and losing weight, breast milk can give them nutrients.” 
  
 However, Barger doubted that breast milk would offer benefits to healthy people. Since it’s designed to feed infants, she pointed out, it has a tenth of the nutrients a 200-pound man would need. When I mentioned Anthony’s breast-milk rationale, she laughed. 
  
 “Well,” she said. “We can talk ourselves into just about anything!” |||||

It's a natural food and adherents swear by its health benefits, even if they're not too keen to go public about it. The headline at New York should tell you why: "Meet the Men Who Drink Breast Milk." This seems to be a trend, if the increase in guys looking to buy the stuff online at sites such as Only the Breast is any guide. Here's a typical quote in the story, from a man identified as Anthony who happily pays $2.50 an ounce: "It gives me incredible energy I don’t get from other food and drinks." But he adds later that he doesn't exactly advertise his habit for fear of sounding a little "weird." Most of the guys in the piece say they're in it for the nutrition, though the medical community is by and large skeptical that human breast milk confers any real benefits to grown men, writes Chavie Lieber. At least one quoted in the story admits he's into it for the "kink" factor. Those curious enough to try might take heed of a New York Times story from last year about a study concluding that 64% of breast milk sold at popular online sites is tainted with staph. Or they can opt for breast milk cheese instead.