Teacher:In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: (CNN) Just last week, five more states voted to legalize recreational marijuana, but users may want to be cautious. A study released Sunday suggests that marijuana use can weaken heart muscles, particularly in young men. The study was presented at the annual scientific conference of the American Heart Association in New Orleans. 
  
 Recognizing the possible adverse health effects of smoking pot to get high, the researchers examined the link between marijuana use and heart health. 
  
 Marijuana users vs. non-users 
  
 The researchers, from St. Luke's University Hospital Network, focused on patients with stress cardiomyopathy, a sudden temporary weakening of the heart muscle that prevents it from pumping. Patients with the condition, which has been said to mimic a heart attack, can experience acute chest pain, shortness of breath and dizziness. 
  
 The muscle weakness is most often caused by acute stress or grief, such as a breakup or the death of a loved one. However, according to Dr. Amitoj Singh, the lead investigator of the study, at least two cases of stress cardiomyopathy in medical literature have been related to marijuana use. 
  
 "There have been many reports of heart attacks, strokes and the two cases of (stress cardiomyopathy) that have been linked to marijuana," Singh said. 
  
 Greater availability of marijuana, particularly for recreational use, has heightened concern in the medical community about cardiac risks, sparking Singh's interest. 
  
 Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2003 to 2011, the researchers tracked hospital admissions and outcomes of 33,343 patients with stress cardiomyopathy. The data were taken from across the country and represented both men and women of varied ages. Two groups were formed from the data: one group of marijuana users (which had 210 patients, or 1% of the total study pool) and a group of patients who did not use the drug. 
  
 Each group was strikingly different in terms of demographics, medical histories and outcomes. The marijuana users tended to be younger and more often male, a finding that was surprising to Singh, because stress cardiomyopathy most often occurs in older women, he said. 
  
 Marijuana users also had fewer risk factors that typically cause stress cardiomyopathy, such as acute stress, hypertension, diabetes, migraines and hyperthyroidism. The non-marijuana-using group had much higher rates of these conditions. 
  
 "Even though these young people had less cardiac risk factors, they still had high cardiac risk," Singh said. 
  
 Marijuana users also suffered more severe cardiac problems. "Despite being younger and with fewer cardiovascular risk factors than non-users, during stress cardiomyopathy, the marijuana users were significantly more likely to go into cardiac arrest (2.4% vs. 0.8%) and to require an implanted defibrillator to detect and correct dangerously abnormal heart rhythms (2.4% vs. 0.6%)," the American Heart Association said of the study in a news release. 
  
 Investigating further, the researchers created a model that excluded all of the known causes of stress cardiomyopathy to see whether marijuana use alone could trigger the condition. They found a statistically significant relationship between the drug and stress cardiomyopathy, Singh said. 
  
 "Someone who uses marijuana is almost two times more likely to develop stress cardiomyopathy," he explained. 
  
 However, the report also found that marijuana users were more likely to use tobacco and illicit substances, as well as suffer from depression, than non-marijuana users. 
  
 Dr. Ann Bolger, a professor of clinical medicine at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, said these factors can contribute to stress cardiomyopathy. "It's hard to know exactly that you can account for all of these other contributors" when determining causation of the condition, she said. 
  
 Should you avoid marijuana? 
  
 Bolger agrees with the overall concern raised by the new study. "It does give me some very appropriate worry that exposure to (marijuana) may not be as benign as some people seem to think." 
  
 She added that "If this is in some way predictive of poor outcomes or indicative that we need to have concern about the cardiovascular health and outcomes of patients using marijuana, I think it's a very good thing to start to think about." 
  
 Singh acknowledges that marijuana has several benefits in medicine, particularly with treatments such as chemotherapy. "We don't want to underestimate the benefits of medical marijuana," he confirmed. 
  
 Still, Singh wants to draw attention to the potential harms of recreational use. The lack of regulation makes it difficult for users to know the amount of THC, the psychosis-inducing chemical in marijuana, contained in a dose, which can be dangerous. Singh is still not certain whether THC is principally responsible for users' cardiac problems; that is a topic that needs to be further studied, he said. 
  
 Join the conversation See the latest news and share your comments with CNN Health on Facebook and Twitter. 
  
 As a whole, more research needs to be done regarding the effects of marijuana on heart health, Singh emphasized. 
  
 "This is a retrospective study, so we cannot determine causation" between marijuana and weakening heart muscles, he concluded. "Further research is needed to evaluate this study, especially considering the current increase of recreational marijuana in our country." ||||| En Español 
  
 By Dennis Thompson 
  
 HealthDay Reporter 
  
 SUNDAY, Nov. 13, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Marijuana use might raise the risk of a rare, temporary heart muscle malfunction that can feel like a full-fledged heart attack, a new study suggests. 
  
 People who used marijuana were almost twice as likely as non-users to suffer a bout of stress cardiomyopathy, a condition also known as takotsubo, said study co-author Dr. Amitoj Singh. He is chief cardiology fellow at St. Luke's University Health Network in Bethlehem, Pa. 
  
 Further, pot users experiencing takotsubo were more likely to suffer a cardiac arrest or require an implanted defibrillator, compared with non-users with takotsubo, Singh said. Cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating. 
  
 "Marijuana does not appear to be entirely safe, as some of the lobbyists for marijuana are arguing," Singh said. But the study did not prove that pot causes takotsubo. 
  
 Singh was to present his findings Sunday at the American Heart Association's annual meeting, in New Orleans. Research presented at meetings is considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. 
  
 An American Heart Association spokeswoman questioned the findings, noting that the study mainly focused on marijuana use among people who'd fallen ill with takotsubo, which is a very rare condition. 
  
 "I think they're extending conclusions that go beyond the data," said Donna Arnett, dean and professor of epidemiology at the University of Kentucky College of Public Health, in Lexington. "These data are suggestive only. I don't know you can extend it to say you should not use marijuana in terms of risk for stress cardiomyopathy." 
  
 Takotsubo is a sudden and usually temporary weakening of the heart muscle that reduces the heart's ability to pump -- essentially a "stunning" of the heart, Singh explained. This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness and sometimes fainting. 
  
 The condition generally causes no long-term effects on a person's heart health, Singh said. 
  
 Takotsubo typically affects older women, and has been linked to anxiety or stress, Singh said. 
  
 Singh said he and his colleagues decided to investigate this topic after treating a patient in their hospital who'd ingested marijuana and was found to be suffering from takotsubo. 
  
 The researchers analyzed data from a federal health care database, identifying more than 33,000 people who had been hospitalized with stress cardiomyopathy between 2003 and 2011 in the United States. 
  
 Of those patients, 210 were also identified as marijuana users, which amounts to less than 1 percent of all people identified with takotsubo. 
  
 The marijuana users with takotsubo were more likely to be younger and male, with few other heart risk factors, the researchers found. 
  
 "Most of these people who had used marijuana and had developed takotsubo were young men, which was completely diametrically opposite of what takotsubo is known for," Singh said. 
  
 Despite their age and relative heart health, the marijuana users were significantly more likely than non-users to go into cardiac arrest (2.4 percent versus 0.8 percent, respectively) and to require an implanted defibrillator to detect and correct dangerously abnormal heart rhythms (2.4 percent versus 0.6 percent, respectively). 
  
 "They should not be having these severe side effects like cardiac arrest," Singh said. "That's an alarming thing for people who ingested marijuana." 
  
 Looking at the entire database, Singh and his colleagues concluded that active marijuana use doubles the risk of takotsubo in young men. 
  
 Chemicals contained in marijuana are known to interact with systems that control or moderate stress hormones within the body, and could potentially explain this observation, Singh said. 
  
 Paul Armentano, deputy director of NORML, a group advocating reform of marijuana laws, said that takotsubo is extremely rare, and occurred in far fewer than 1 percent of the patients tracked in the health care database. 
  
 On the other hand, national data indicates more than 10 percent of Americans use marijuana, and as many as one-third of young adults aged 18 to 25 are users, Armentano said. 
  
 "Self-evidently, if cannabis consumption is a risk factor for this condition, it is a nearly insignificant risk factor," he said. 
  
 More information 
  
 For more on takotsubo, visit Harvard Medical School. ||||| Marijuana use may be linked to a weakened heart muscle, a new studyfinds. 
  
 Researchers found that people who used marijuana were twice as likely to later develop a heart condition called transient ventricular regional ballooning (TVRB) than those who did not use marijuana. TVRB is a form of cardiomyopathy, which is a sudden weakening of the heart muscle that can mimic symptoms of a heart attack. The symptoms can include chest pain, dizziness and shortness of breath, but the condition is often temporary. 
  
 The most surprising finding from the study was that the marijuana users in the study were the opposite of the people that TVRB tends to strike in several ways, said Dr. Amitoj Singh, a co-author of the study and the chief cardiology fellow at St. Luke’s University Health Network in Pennsylvania. The condition tends to develop in post-menopausal women, he said. In the study, the marijuana users who developed TVRB were 44 years old, on average, and 36 percent were men. Among the non-marijuana users in the study who developed TVRB, the average age was 66, and just 8 percent were men. [10 Amazing Facts About Your Heart] 
  
 None of the people in the study who had used marijuana died from the heart condition after being admitted to the hospital, so the study does not link marijuana use to deaths, Singh told Live Science. However, people "should be aware that certain cardiovascular abnormalities and complications can occur from marijuana use," he said. 
  
 In the study, the researchers looked at data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, which includes data from community hospitals in 44 states. The researchers found 33,343 admissions for TVRB between 2003 and 2011, and that 210 of these patients had either reported that they had used marijuana, or had a marker of the drug in their urine. 
  
 After the researchers took into account a number of factors linked with TVRB, such as depression and anxiety disorders, the link between marijuana use and TVRB held, they said. 
  
 It isn't clear how the link may work. TVRB has only recently been recognized as a health condition, Singh said. Some research shows that that high levels of stress hormones are linked to the development of the condition. Moreover, studies have shown that stress hormone levels in the urine increase in people who smoke marijuana, he said. [7 Foods Your Heart Will Hate] 
  
 The researchers noted that their study was retrospective, and cannot establish that marijuana maybe be a cause of TVRB. Furthermore, the researchers did not have information on how long patients had been using marijuana, how much of the drug they used, or how that marijuana was ingested. (Marijuana can be smoked, or consumed in edible products, such as brownies or candies.) 
  
 Singh emphasized that he does not discount studies that have shown some of marijuana's positive effects of people's health. However, the drug needs much more study, he told Live Science. "We don't know everything about marijuana." 
  
 Originally published on Live Science. |||||
Student:
Marijuana might help you see in the dark, but it might also cause what feels like a heart attack. Researchers from St. Luke's University Health Network say marijuana users are twice as likely to suffer a rare "stunning" of the heart linked to stress, known as stress cardiomyopathy or takotsubo, compared to non-users, reports HealthDay News. The condition—in which the heart is temporarily weakened, causing dizziness and chest pain—also appears to have more severe effects among marijuana users. Though marijuana users with takotsubo averaged 44 years of age, about 2.4% went into cardiac arrest, compared to 0.8% of non-users with the condition, with an average age of 66, reports Live Science. Some 2.4% of marijuana users also needed an implanted defibrillator, compared to 0.6% of non-users, researchers say. The findings—which have yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal—were presented Sunday at the American Heart Association's annual meeting, where some remained unconvinced. "I think they're extending conclusions that go beyond the data," says an AHA rep, noting researchers focused on just 210 marijuana users with takotsubo, or 0.6% of all US patients who experienced the condition between 2003 and 2011. Of alarm to researchers, however, was that marijuana users with takotsubo were mostly young men who had fewer risk factors for takotsubo than average patients, usually older women, reports CNN. Study author Amitoj Singh says THC in marijuana may interact with stress hormones to cause takotsubo, though that hasn't been proven. Either way, "marijuana does not appear to be entirely safe," he says. (Pot might also affect your IQ.)