Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Idaho Republican backs faith-healer parents: ‘If I want to let my child be with God, why is that wrong?’ 
  
 This is where you should go to survive the zombie apocalypse, according to science 
  
 Illustration of a human brain (Shutterstock) 
  
 The National Institute of Mental Health has called for novel ways of thinking about suicidal behavior and new avenues for its prevention. “Treatments involving classic psychedelics may represent one such approach,” according to a new study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology. 
  
 More than 38,000 Americans died by suicide in 2010, making it the tenth leading cause of death, according to the NIMH. (If you are in a suicide crisis, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255.) 
  
 “Despite advances in mental health treatment over the past 60 years, suicide rates have not significantly declined in much of the world during this time,” Peter S. Hendricks of the University of Alabama at Birmingham and his colleagues wrote in their study. 
  
 The researchers said their study showed that “classic” psychedelics — drugs like LSD, “magic” psilocybe mushrooms, and mescaline-containing cacti like peyote — “have the potential to alleviate human suffering associated with mental illness.” 
  
 The study found that people who used classic psychedelic drugs tended to have lower levels of psychological distress, and were less likely to experience suicidal thoughts, suicidal planning, or attempt suicide. 
  
 “Lifetime classic psychedelic use was associated with a 19% reduced likelihood of past month psychological distress, a 14% reduced likelihood of past year suicidal thinking, a 29% reduced likelihood of past year suicidal planning, and a 36% reduced likelihood of past year suicide attempt,” they said. 
  
 The study was based on data on 190,000 adults who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a national study conducted annually by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 
  
 However, the cross-sectional design of the study makes it impossible to say why the use of psychedelic drugs was associated with reductions in psychological distress and suicidality. 
  
 Previous research conducted in Switzerland has found that psilocybin inhibits the processing of negative emotions in the brain. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine researchers have also found the drug produced long-lasting elevations in mood among healthy volunteers. 
  
 Drugs like LSD and psilocybin affect serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex, a region of the brain associated with suicide risk, Hendricks and his colleagues noted. 
  
 But psychedelics can exacerbate symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis. The drugs can also produce unpleasant experiences, known as “bad trips.” 
  
 “Nevertheless, the associations reported here suggest that if individual-level harms occurred, they failed to obscure the apparent protective effect of classic psychedelic use on psychological distress and suicidality at the population level.” 
  
 The researchers said that the findings could also be due to the characteristics of psychedelic drug users, rather than the characteristics of psychedelic drugs themselves. A previous study found that psychedelic users “reported less materialistic values and greater mysticism, spirituality, and concern for others” – all characteristics that could reduce their risk of suicide. 
  
 “The picture is undoubtedly complex,” the researchers said. “Nevertheless, future research should attempt to delineate longitudinal predictors of classic psychedelic use that also relate to mental health and suicidal behavior.” 
  
 Originally published at PsyPost.org ||||| Abstract 
  
 Mental health problems are endemic across the globe, and suicide, a strong corollary of poor mental health, is a leading cause of death. Classic psychedelic use may occasion lasting improvements in mental health, but the effects of classic psychedelic use on suicidality are unknown. We evaluated the relationships of classic psychedelic use with psychological distress and suicidality among over 190,000 USA adult respondents pooled from the last five available years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008–2012) while controlling for a range of covariates. Lifetime classic psychedelic use was associated with a significantly reduced odds of past month psychological distress (weighted odds ratio (OR)=0.81 (0.72–0.91)), past year suicidal thinking (weighted OR=0.86 (0.78–0.94)), past year suicidal planning (weighted OR=0.71 (0.54–0.94)), and past year suicide attempt (weighted OR=0.64 (0.46–0.89)), whereas lifetime illicit use of other drugs was largely associated with an increased likelihood of these outcomes. These findings indicate that classic psychedelics may hold promise in the prevention of suicide, supporting the view that classic psychedelics’ most highly restricted legal status should be reconsidered to facilitate scientific study, and suggesting that more extensive clinical research with classic psychedelics is warranted. ||||| Getty Images/MattLyon 
  
 Data from population surveys in the United States challenge public fears that psychedelic drugs such as LSD can lead to psychosis and other mental-health conditions and to increased risk of suicide, two studies have found1, 2. 
  
 In the first study, clinical psychologists Pål-Ørjan Johansen of EmmaSofia, a non-profit advocacy group based in Oslo, and Teri Suzanne Krebs of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, scoured data from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual random sample of the general population, and analysed answers from more than 135,000 people who took part in surveys from 2008 to 2011. 
  
 Of those, 14% described themselves as having used at any point in their lives any of the three ‘classic’ psychedelics: LSD, psilocybin (the active ingredient in so-called magic mushrooms) and mescaline (found in the peyote and San Pedro cacti). The researchers found that individuals in this group were not at increased risk of developing 11 indicators of mental-health problems such as schizophrenia, psychosis, depression, anxiety disorders and suicide attempts. Their paper appears in the March issue of the Journal of Psychopharmacology1. 
  
 The findings are likely to raise eyebrows. Fears that psychedelics can lead to psychosis date to the 1960s, with widespread reports of “acid casualties” in the mainstream news. But Krebs says that because psychotic disorders are relatively prevalent, affecting about one in 50 people, correlations can often be mistaken for causations. “Psychedelics are psychologically intense, and many people will blame anything that happens for the rest of their lives on a psychedelic experience.” 
  
 The three substances Johansen and Krebs looked at all act through the brain’s serotonin 2A receptor. The authors did not include ketamine, PCP, MDMA, fly agaric mushrooms, DMT or other drugs that fall broadly into the category of hallucinogens, because they act on other receptors and have different modes of biochemical action. Ketamine and PCP, for example, act on the NMDA receptor and are both known to be addictive and to cause severe physical harms, such as damage to the bladder3. 
  
 “Absolutely, people can become addicted to drugs like ketamine or PCP, and the effects can be very destructive. We restricted our study to the ‘classic psychedelics’ to clarify the findings,” says Johansen. 
  
 The 'acid casualty' myth 
  
 “This study assures us that there were not widespread ‘acid casualties’ in the 1960s,” says Charles Grob, a paediatric psychiatrist at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has long has advocated the therapeutic use of psychedelics, such as administering psilocybin to treat anxiety in terminal-stage cancer4. But he has concerns about Krebs and Johansen’s overall conclusions, he says, because individual cases of adverse effects use can and do occur. 
  
 For example, people may develop hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), a ‘trip’ that never seems to end, involving incessant distortions in the visual field, shimmering lights and coloured dots. “I’ve seen a number of people with these symptoms following a psychedelic experience, and it can be a very serious condition,” says Grob. 
  
 Krebs and Johansen, however, point to studies that have found symptoms of HPPD in people who have never used psychedelics5. 
  
 The second of the new two studies, also published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology2, looked at 190,000 NSDUH respondents from 2008 to 2012. It also found that the classic psychedelics were not associated with adverse mental-health outcomes. In addition, it found that people who had used LSD and psilocybin had lower lifetime rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts. 
  
 “We are not claiming that no individuals have ever been harmed by psychedelics,” says author Matthew Johnson, an associate professor in the Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. “Anecdotes about acid casualties can be very powerful — but these instances are rare,” he says. At the population level, he says, the data suggest that the harms of psychedelics “have been overstated”. |||||
A:
Are "acid casualties" a myth? While using LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, or mescaline carries the risk of a bad trip, there doesn't seem to be any increased risk of psychosis or other mental-health conditions, according to a pair of new studies. Researchers using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data along with surveys involving 135,000 people found no link between psychedelic use and 11 conditions, including schizophrenia, Nature reports. One of the researchers says the reason many people believe psychedelic drugs and psychosis are linked may be because a relatively large number of people suffer psychosis, and since psychedelics are "psychologically intense," many people "will blame anything that happens for the rest of their lives on a psychedelic experience." A second study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology using similar data not only didn't find a link between psychedelic drugs and mental-health conditions, it found that users were actually less likely to suffer psychological distress or suicidal thoughts and a lot less likely to attempt suicide, Raw Story reports. Charles Grob, a UCLA pediatric psychiatrist who advocates the use of psychedelics to treat certain conditions, tells Nature that while the research shows the dangers are overstated, he has seen people with other conditions, including "hallucinogen persisting perception disorder," which he calls "a very serious condition" in which the visual effects of a trip never seem to end. (Earlier research suggested that the cave painters of 40,000 years ago were tripping on mushrooms.)