Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Getty Immigration White House readies immigration legal defense Court and historical precedents eyed as bolstering case for unilateral action. 
  
 The Obama administration is readying its defense for what is expected to be a furious legal assault on executive actions on immigration, pointing to a slew of court precedents and historical actions by previous presidents to bolster its case. 
  
 Administration lawyers have concluded that President Barack Obama has ample space to offer the sweeping deportation relief he plans to announce on Thursday night based on its review of previous Supreme Court and lower court decisions, according to senior administration officials. The Justice Department also has a point-person in place to coordinate its response to the anticipated legal onslaught. 
  
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 The two main arguments in defense of the executive actions: First, Obama has broad discretion under the law to decide which immigrants are deported. Second, predecessors including Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush have taken similar steps, underscoring the legality of Thursday’s planned moves. 
  
 It’s possible the White House will release a formal Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel opinion early Thursday setting forth a detailed legal justification for Obama’s actions, a person familiar with the situation said. 
  
 At the same time, the senior officials acknowledged the legal limits of Obama’s authority, which has taken some options off the table. One official said Obama knows he can’t do certain things without Congress, such as giving immigrants permanent resident status, better known as a green card, or making them citizens. 
  
 Although details of Obama’s plan have yet to be publicly announced, several prominent conservatives are already preparing lines of legal attack. 
  
 Texas Gov. Rick Perry on Wednesday threatened a suit on the issue, and Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) has declared that a Supreme Court showdown may be coming. 
  
 Conservative legal activists are zeroing in on aspects of Obama’s plan that could be most vulnerable in the courts. They think they’ll be able to demonstrate that those seeking relief in court were directly injured by allowing illegal immigrants to stay. 
  
 Conservative lawyers say Obama’s reported decisions to sharply increase the number of currently undocumented migrants eligible for work permits and to admit more high tech workers could be the hook needed to get a judge to consider such a case on the merits. That kind of impact could provide grounds for standing, the lack of which judges have pointed to in dismissing similar cases. 
  
 It’s those earlier decisions that give the Obama administration confidence it will fend off a legal challenge, with one senior administration official saying Wednesday that he has zero doubt that any lawsuits filed over the immigration actions will be decided in the White House’s favor. 
  
 Administration officials cite, in particular, the Supreme Court’s ruling in a 2012 case rejecting key provisions in a new Arizona anti-illegal immigration law. That decision described “broad discretion exercised by immigration officials” as a “principal feature” of the deportation system. 
  
 While a Justice Department official said there’s been no extensive planning in the agency about how to respond to lawsuits over Obama’s new executive actions, there is an official lined up to provide a defense against any fresh immigration-related litigation: Kathleen Hartnett, who heads the branch which responds to lawsuits against federal government programs. 
  
 Hartnett is well known to Obama and his top aides, since she served as a lawyer in the White House counsel’s office for three years. She’s handled oral arguments in politically sensitive cases like a House lawsuit over documents relating to Operation Fast and Furious and also worked on the complicated legal issues surrounding repeal of the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy on gays in the military. 
  
 But Republican critics of a move they see as executive overreach believe they have an opening. 
  
 “I think the Supreme Court would strike it down,” Paul told Fox News’ Sean Hannity Monday. “That takes a while, but that may be the only recourse short of a new president.” 
  
 A senior administration official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, dismissed potential lawsuits as stunts. He also rejected GOP suggestions that Obama’s actions would be vastly different in scale than those undertaken by prior presidents. The administration has assembled a list of unilateral immigration moves since World War II. 
  
 Obama aides point in particular to a 1990 decision under President George H.W. Bush’s administration to defer deportation of about 1.5 million family members of individuals who gained legal status under a 1986 law. Congress ratified the administration’s move a few months later. 
  
 One serious Democratic heavyweight, President Bill Clinton, made a similar argument as he rallied to Obama’s defense Wednesday night. 
  
 “As far as I can tell every president in the modern era has issued some executive action on immigration, so I imagine he’ll be on pretty firm legal ground,” Clinton said. 
  
 But Republicans say many of the past examples involve presidents dealing with oversights by Congress, not in defiance of it. 
  
 “The actions of Presidents Reagan and Bush were merely tying up loose ends, carrying out a law Congress had just passed,” Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) said. “President Obama is threatening to act directly against the wishes of Congress and on a far greater scope and scale.” 
  
 Still, Republicans in Congress have sent mixed signals about whether they intend to pursue their own suit. 
  
 Soon after House Speaker John Boehner in June announced a plan to sue President Barack Obama over his executive actions, a spokesman indicated the suit would focus on Obamacare and not immigration because legal experts advised that “this narrowly tailored action had the greatest chance of success.” 
  
 In recent weeks, House leaders have indicated a willingness to revisit that decision, citing continued pressure from the GOP caucus to try to block Obama’s immigration moves in court. 
  
 A House leadership aide said any immigration litigation would be in addition to the Obamacare-related suit, which Boehner said Wednesday would be filed “soon.” 
  
 However, a source familiar with the situation said lawyers working on that suit have not been directed to research immigration issues. Bringing a separate suit over immigration would require a new House resolution, House aides said. 
  
 Both Obama and his top advisers have said he has wide power to act under the concept of prosecutorial discretion, the traditional power of the executive branch to decide when and where to enforce the law. 
  
 “I’m satisfied that our reforms are within our existing legal authorities,” Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said Wednesday, adding that Obama has “fairly wide latitude … to fix the system.” ||||| In a sign of the difficulties GOP leaders face in keeping their unruly caucus on-message, retiring tea party firebrand Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) said Wednesday that the immigrants given new protections by the president could become “illiterate” Democratic voters. 
  
 “The social cost will be profound on the U.S. taxpayer — millions of unskilled, illiterate, foreign nationals coming into the United States who can’t speak the English language,” Bachmann told reporters at the Capitol. “Even though the president says they won’t be able to vote, we all know that many, in all likelihood, will vote.” 
  
 Bachmann added: “The president has a very single-minded vision. He’s looking at new voters for 2016.... People do vote without being a citizen. It’s a wink and a nod, we all know it’s going to happen." 
  
 When asked by The Washington Post why she chose to use the word “illiterate” to describe a group of mostly Spanish-speaking workers, Bachmann said her view was informed by trips to the border. 
  
 “Some are, some aren’t,” Bachmann said of the literacy of illegal immigrants. “I’ve been down to the border. The reason why I would say that is I spent four days at the border and spoke to American Hispanics on the border. That’s what they told me. Those are not Michele Bachmann’s words, those words came from Hispanics who live on the border…. I’m not using a pejorative term against people who are non-American citizens. I’m only repeating what I heard from Hispanic Americans down at the border. That’s what they told me.” 
  
 Bachmann, a former presidential candidate, is one of several conservatives in Congress urging the leadership to use the upcoming government funding bills as part of the GOP’s response to the president’s overhaul of the nation’s immigration system. She is working closely with Rep. Steve King (R-Iowa) to craft a strategy for the conservative wing of the House GOP. ||||| WASHINGTON (AP) — Former President Bill Clinton on Wednesday noted that previous U.S. presidents have issued some type of executive order on immigration, suggesting his Democratic successor was on "pretty firm legal footing." 
  
 Former President Bill Clinton gives the keynote speech at the New Republic Centennial Gala Dinner at the Andrew Mellon Auditorium in Washington, Wednesday, Nov. 19, 2014. (AP Photo/Cliff Owen) (Associated Press) 
  
 Former President Bill Clinton gestures while giving the keynote speech at the New Republic Centennial Gala Dinner at the Andrew Mellon Auditorium in Washington, Wednesday, Nov. 19, 2014. (AP Photo/Cliff... (Associated Press) 
  
 Former President Bill Clinton gestures while giving the keynote speech at the New Republic Centennial Gala Dinner at the Andrew Mellon Auditorium in Washington, Wednesday, Nov. 19, 2014. (AP Photo/Cliff... (Associated Press) 
  
 The former president spoke on the eve of President Barack Obama's scheduled announcement of executive actions that could spare as many as 5 million immigrants from being deported from the U.S. Clinton said during an event honoring the magazine The New Republic that it was part of a larger debate about the nation's role around the globe. 
  
 "As far as I can tell every president in the modern era has issued some executive orders affecting immigration, so I think it — I imagine he's on pretty firm legal footing," Clinton said at a gala celebrating the publication's centennial. 
  
 Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush extended amnesty to family members who were not covered by the last major overhaul of immigration law in 1986. 
  
 Clinton sought to frame the debate in a larger context, saying Americans should be optimistic about the nation's future. He said the next two decades could be positive for the country if the U.S. can develop inclusive economics and inclusive politics. 
  
 "In a world where borders look more like nets than walls, we are interdependent whether we like it or not, so the only thing that remains is to define the terms of our interdependence," he said. 
  
 Clinton joked that nobody cares what an ex-president says unless his wife might run for office. Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is considering a White House campaign in 2016. |||||
A:
How angry are opponents of immigration reform about President Obama's upcoming executive order? Enough to riot, according to Sen. Tom Coburn. "The country's going to go nuts, because they're going to see it as a move outside the authority of the president, and it's going to be a very serious situation," the Oklahoma Republican tells USA Today. "You're going to see—hopefully not—but you could see instances of anarchy," he says. "You could see violence." He accuses Obama of acting like an "autocratic leader," in a way that is the "total antithesis of what this country was founded on." In a speech at 8pm EST tonight, the president is expected to announce moves to shield 5 million undocumented immigrants from deportation. More: Ronald Reagan and George HW Bush also issued executive orders on immigration, and Bill Clinton believes Obama is on solid legal ground, the AP reports. "As far as I can tell, every president in the modern era has issued some executive orders affecting immigration, so I ... imagine he's on pretty firm legal footing," the former president said at an event in Washington, DC, last night, saying the US should be optimistic about its future in a world where "borders look more like nets than walls." Rep. Michele Bachmann, meanwhile, had one of the more extreme GOP responses, the Washington Post reports. She accuses Obama of ignoring the "social cost" of "unskilled, illiterate, foreign nationals coming into the United States" for political reasons. The workers involved won't be granted citizenship, but Bachmann suspects they will become Democratic voters in 2016 anyway. "People do vote without being a citizen," she says. "It's a wink and a nod, we all know it's going to happen." Conservatives aren't just denouncing the plan, they're already preparing lines of legal action, Politico reports. Rick Perry has threatened a lawsuit, and Sen. Rand Paul has warned of a Supreme Court showdown. But senior administration officials say lawyers believe Obama has plenty of legal justification for his actions and the administration is ready to deal with the expected legal onslaught.