Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Populations of marine wildlife have plummeted by a half on average over the past 40 years with some species suffering far greater declines as a result of habitat loss, overfishing, rising sea temperatures and worsening ocean acidity, a major report has found. 
  
 The scale of the crisis facing the animals and plants of the sea is documented in detail by the study which claims that marine species around the world, including some that are critical to human food security, are in potentially catastrophic decline. 
  
 Unprecedented pressures on the global ocean ecosystem from several directions are combining to create a perfect storm of difficulties for virtually everything that lives in the sea, says the WWF’s Living Blue Planet report. 
  
 Coral reefs are at serious risk of further decline (WWF) 
  
 Some marine habitats such as mangroves and seagrasses, on which many other species depend, have seen significant declines, while whole populations of commercially valuable fish, such as mackerel and tuna, have plummeted by as much as three quarters since the 1970s, the report found. 
  
 Many coral reefs, often described as the tropical rainforests of the oceans because of their rich diversity of life, could be threatened with extinction by mid-Century if ocean acidity continues to worsen as a result of rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere – which causes a corresponding rise in carbonic acid in the sea. 
  
 “As well as being a source of extraordinary natural beauty and wonder, healthy seas are the bedrock of a functioning global economy,” said Louise Heaps, chief advisor on marine policy at WWF-UK, who helped to compile the report. 
  
 “By over-exploiting fisheries, degrading coastal habitats and not addressing global warming, we are sowing the seeds of ecological economic catastrophe,” Dr Heaps said. 
  
 The report, based on a review of the published scientific literature as well as the Living Planet Index, a database maintained by the Zoological Society of London, is one of the most detailed surveys of marine wildlife ever undertaken. 
  
 Nearly 20 per cent of total mangrove area has been lost between 1980 and 2005 (WWF) 
  
 It investigated a wide range of wildlife, from fish, marine turtles and sea cucumbers – a worm-like animal with leathery skin – to sea plants such as mangroves and sea grasses. The report found that seagrass coverage has declined by about 30 per cent over the past century while the total area covered by mangroves has dropped by 20 per cent between 1980 and 2005, primarily as a result of shrimp farming and other forms of aquaculture. 
  
 “In the space of a single generation, human activity has severely damaged the ocean by catching fish faster than they can reproduce while also destroying their nurseries. Profound changes a needed to ensure abundant ocean life for future generations,” said Marco Lambertini, director general of WWF International. 
  
 Some of the most dramatic declines have been in species fished for commercial gain. For instance, some 58 populations of 17 species belonging to the Scrombidae family – mackerels, tunas and sardines – have fallen by 74 per cent between 1970 and 2010, with no signs of recovery, the report says. 
  
 Critically endangered species 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 10 show all Critically endangered species 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 1/10 Yangtze Finless Porpoise There are as few as 1,000 of this highly intelligent dolphin from the Chinese river of Yangtze. Wikmedia 
  
 2/10 Cross River Gorilla There are around 200-300 left in the wild. Wikmedia 
  
 3/10 The Amur Leopard There are only around 30 left, exclusively in the Russian Far East. Wikmedia 
  
 4/10 Black Rhino Improving numbers, but with fewer than 5,000 left in central Africa, it is critically endangered. Wikmedia 
  
 5/10 Hawskbill Sea Turtle Mostly threatened by wildlife trade; their shells highly valued. Wikmedia 
  
 6/10 Javan Rhino The most threatened rhino species - there are as few as 35 in Ujung Kulon National Park in Java, Indonesia. Wikmedia 
  
 7/10 Leatherback Turtle Having lost many of its habitable beaches, and impacted by fishing operations, this seaturtle is considered by WWF to be 'critically endangered'. Wikmedia 
  
 8/10 South China Tiger It is believed to be 'functionally extinct', with none of the species left in the wild. Wikmedia 
  
 9/10 Sumatran Elephant There are between 2,400 - 2,800 of this elephant native to Borneo and Sumatra. Wikmedia 
  
 10/10 Sumatran Orangutan There are an est. 7,300 but the gradual deforestation of their Sumatran habitat may threaten further. Wikmedia 
  
 “We are in a race to catch fish that could end with people starved of a vital food source and an essential economic engine. Overfishing, destruction of marine habitats and climate change have dire consequences for the entire human population, with the poorest communities that rely on the sea getting hit fastest and hardest,” Mr Lambertini said. 
  
 “The collapse of ocean ecosystems could trigger serious economic decline and undermine our fight to eradicate poverty and malnutrition,” he said. 
  
 Professor Ken Norris, director of science at the ZL, said: “These devastating figures reveal how quickly human beings are changing the wildlife in our oceans and are a stark warning of the problems we might face as a result.” 
  
 Depleted species 
  
 Seagrasses: Vast underwater “meadows” that catch mineral-rich sediments and stabilise the seabed. Coverage has declined by 30 per cent over the past century. 
  
 Mangroves: Known to exist in 123 countries, with almost half the coverage in just five nations. Nearly 20 per cent of total mangrove area has been lost between 1980 and 2005, mainly due to human encroachment. 
  
 Coral reefs: Some of the most biologically rich and productive habitats on earth. A quarter of all marine species live in or near coral reefs yet three quarters of them are currently threatened and many could be lost this century is ocean acidity continues to worsen. 
  
 Deep-sea habitats: Little is known about the deeper parts of the ocean, but the decline in the number of fish caught in these inaccessible locations over the past 40 years suggests they are also being affected by global changes to the sea. ||||| Apex ocean predators, such as great white sharks, will gain additional protection too as a result of the announced marine reserve expansion. "The creation of these kinds of marine protected areas and reserves in the ocean help to create safe travel corridors for migratory species, which recognize no boundaries in our oceans," Stone said. Photos: NOAA Salutes the Ocean 
  
 Both the Phoenix Islands Protected Area and the expanded marine reserve declared by the Obama administration are home to over 50 species of coral. One of the most distinctive and eye-catching is pearl bubble coral. It's not difficult to see how this beautiful coral got its name. Photos: 30 Days of the Ocean 
  
 Habitat for several frigatebirds exists within the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, according to Stone. Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds that tend to be large and with iridescent black feathers. Major nesting populations of this particular species, the great frigatebird, are found in the Pacific. Photos: Audubon Report Names Birds at Climate Risk 
  
 Marine mammals often travel long distances, requiring widespread protected regions to ensure their safety. As Stone explained, "Sea turtles, sharks, whales, dolphins and seabirds travel through this (south-central) part of the Pacific, and protected areas can help conserve these marine animals and strengthen the marine ecosystem in the Pacific." Humpback Whale Photographed Minutes From Manhattan 
  
 Reef fish such as the Napoleon wrasse, the bohar snapper and the long-nosed parrotfish, shown here, will gain protection, according to Stone. The Waitt Foundation and Oceans 5 recently pledged $5 million dollars to support the Phoenix Islands Protected Area. Stone said that such private support remains essential because the marine reserve includes many developing nations. They are leading conservation projects, but require funding in order to ensure the long-term success of their efforts. Best Ocean Animal Photos of 2013 
  
 The marine reserve, Stone said, "is a part of the ocean that is home to some of the largest tuna stocks in the world. Expanding the area of the monument will help fish stocks recover to a healthy level, which is vital in order to meet the food needs for the growing world population." Tuna or Whale: Which is a More Efficient Swimmer 
  
 Many different kinds of sharks exist in the south-central Pacific, including the bull shark. It is near threatened so, as for green sea turtles, extra protection is needed to increase the shark's numbers. 
  
 Gentle green sea turtles are endangered, so protection of their habitat is all the more crucial. They must migrate long distances between feeding grounds and hatching beaches, putting them at risk throughout the journeys. Hopefully the newly expanded marine reserve will help to stabilize their populations. Photos: Sea Turtles From Shell to Surf 
  
 This manta ray was also photographed in the south-central Pacific. Manta rays frequently have been killed, both directly and indirectly, by fisheries. Closure to commercial fishing in the region will prevent manta rays from being captured with nets, trawls, harpoons and more. Photos: These Sharks and Rays Just Got Protected 
  
 Expansion of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument establishes 490,000 square miles of protected tropical marine habitat. This will benefit its many species ranging from delicately beautiful corals to toothsome sharks. President Obama designated the expansion this week because science has shown that large marine protected areas can help rebuild biodiversity, support fish and other marine populations, and improve overall ecosystem resilience. The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument is now the largest marine reserve in the world. Greg Stone, executive vice president and chief scientist for Conservation International, told Discovery News, "The national monument shares a maritime border with the Republic of Kiribati, one of which is adjacent to the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, another protected area which, as of January 1, 2015, will be closed to commercial fishing." That is good news for this blacktip shark, photographed in the region. Both it and the prey it hunts will gain protection. 
  
 In just four decades, marine species have declined by 49 percent, according to one of the most extensive surveys of marine life ever compiled. 
  
 The “Living Blue Planet Report,” just released by World Wildlife Fund in collaboration with the Zoological Society of London, documents the extraordinary losses, which occurred from 1970 to 2012. Alarmingly, some fish species were found to have declined by almost 75 percent. 
  
 Play Video How the Endangered Species Act Looks Out for Animals News that the monarch butterfly has nearly vanished from the planet means it may be be deemed an endangered species. What does that mean? DCI 
  
 The authors of the report attribute the dramatic population drops to human-driven climate change as well as to habitat loss, overexploitation and pollution. 
  
 “In less than a human generation, we can see dramatic losses in ocean wildlife -- they have declined by half -- and their habitats have been degraded and destroyed,” Brad Ack, senior vice president for Oceans at WWF, told Discovery News. “Driving all these trends are humans actions: from overfishing and resource depletion, to coastal development and pollution, to the greenhouse gas emissions causing ocean acidification and warming.” 
  
 The findings were determined after researchers surveyed more than 10,000 populations of 3,038 marine species, including fish, birds, mammals and reptiles. The report estimates that close to one-third of the world’s fish stocks are overfished, and 1 in 4 species of sharks, rays and skates are threatened with extinction. 
  
 Several shark species “have declined dramatically around the world due to overfishing,” and other human-driven causes, confirmed Mahmood Shivji, director of the Guy Harvey Research Institute at Nova Southeastern University, who was not involved with the study. 
  
 Yet another key finding from the report is that three-quarters of the world’s coral reefs are currently threatened. At current projected levels of warming and ocean acidification, all coral reefs are projected to be lost by the year 2050. 
  
 “Corals are suffering from poor water quality due to deforestation and coastal agriculture, along with increasing fishing pressure on beneficial animals that help them stay healthy, such as reef fish,” Ack said. ||||| Starting in 1996, Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period. |||||
A:
The oceans, with more than 90% of the habitable space on Earth, still contain most of the life on our planet, but there's a lot less of it than there was just 45 years ago, according to a deeply dispiriting report from the World Wildlife Fund. The group, which surveyed 10,000 populations of more than 3,000 species, says marine life—including mammals and birds as well as fish—has declined by 49% between 1970 and 2012, the BBC reports. The WWF says humans have caused the decline in marine species through overfishing, destruction of habitats like seagrass beds and mangrove swamps, and through climate change, which has caused ocean acidification. Experts warn the latter could cause a "Great Dying" even worse than what has taken place over the last few decades. Some of the steepest declines were among fish caught for food, including tuna and mackerel, which are down almost 75%, the BBC reports. "In less than a human generation, we can see dramatic losses in ocean wildlife—they have declined by half—and their habitats have been degraded and destroyed," a WWF spokesman tells Discovery. "Driving all these trends are human actions: from overfishing and resource depletion, to coastal development and pollution, to the greenhouse gas emissions causing ocean acidification and warming." Not as much is known about deep-sea populations, though declining catches suggest they're also dropping fast, the Independent reports. (Wildlife on land isn't faring any better.)