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Enlarge Image Close Reuters President Obama, visiting a classroom in Decatur, Ga., Thursday, detailed his preschool-expansion plan. 
  
 DECATUR, Ga.—The Obama administration on Thursday unveiled details of a preschool plan that would mark the biggest expansion of early-childhood education since Head Start was launched nearly 50 years ago. 
  
 President Obama visited a pre-kindergarten class at the College Heights Early Childhood Learning Center in Decatur, Ga. on Thursday. Video by WSJ's Peter Nicholas via #WorldStream. 
  
 The centerpiece of the agenda is a federal-state partnership that would try to coax states to create preschool slots for all low- and moderate-income 4-year-olds by providing some matching federal funds. 
  
 Related Video President Obama called for colleges to rein in their costs during his State of the Union address Tuesday night. But new data show those who attend schools with lower tuition often end up paying in other ways. MarketWatch's Rex Crum reports. (Photo: AP) 
  
 President Barack Obama, speaking about the plan Thursday after touring a preschool here, said giving every child access to high-quality early education should be a national priority, adding, "Study after study shows that the earlier a child begins learning, the better he or she does down the road." 
  
 Mr. Obama's preschool agenda builds on research that shows investment in high-quality early education can students' boost academic achievement and job-earning potential. But it isn't clear how much the proposal would cost, or whether states could build up on a large scale the kind of high-caliber programs that research suggests deliver results. 
  
 Administration officials said the price tag would be disclosed in the federal budget next month, but said the move wouldn't add to the nation's deficit. 
  
 Still, some Republican lawmakers balked at the potential cost and the idea of a larger federal role in preschool education, while others questioned whether there is enough scientific research to support preschool expansion. 
  
 Sen. Johnny Isakson (R., Ga.) said his state's program, which offers free prekindergarten to all 4-year-olds, works because it was "started locally, is funded locally, doesn't have a dime of federal money." 
  
 The nation's government-funded preschool programs are a hodgepodge in terms of quality and cost. Mr. Obama said that about one-third of U.S. 4-year-olds are enrolled in high-quality ones, adding that his plan could greatly expand those numbers. 
  
 Though the effort has been billed by the administration as "preschool for all," including the middle class, the plan targets disadvantaged children. The program would provide matching funds—although it isn't clear whether it would be dollar-for-dollar—to states that expand preschool slots for families with incomes of twice the federal poverty level or less. States could get extra funds to expand preschool offerings to middle-class families. 
  
 States would have to meet certain conditions, such as hiring "well-trained teachers" who are paid comparably to K-12 teachers, adopting rigorous curricula, keeping student-teacher ratios low and assessing youngsters. 
  
 The administration would create guidelines for each standard, but states would have some leeway to craft their own. 
  
 Nobel Prize laureate James Heckman, an economist at the University of Chicago, praised Mr. Obama's plan and said every $1 invested in quality early-childhood education for low-income children provides a 7% to 10% annual return on investment per child in terms of better education, health and economic outcomes. He said high-quality programs might appear to be expensive, but the costs "are not high in terms of the opportunity costs of not doing the programs." 
  
 Maria Fitzpatrick, professor of policy analysis and management at Cornell University, in an emailed news release cautioned against any plan that would expand preschool to all 4-year-olds, saying that "results show that only some children gain—disadvantaged children, particularly those in rural areas—and that the effects fade out over time." 
  
 The president's proposal also would increase high-quality early-education programs for infants and toddlers and expand the home-visiting initiative, which sends nurses and other professionals into homes to work with low-income families on parenting and school-readiness skills. 
  
 —Siobhan Hughes contributed to this article. 
  
 Write to Stephanie Banchero at stephanie.banchero@wsj.com and Peter Nicholas at peter.nicholas@wsj.com 
  
 A version of this article appeared February 15, 2013, on page A4 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: White House Details Preschool Plan. ||||| President Obama ’s call in his State of the Union address to “make high-quality preschool available to every single child in America” rallied advocates across the country who have long argued that inequity in education begins at a very young age. 
  
 In details that emerged early Thursday, the administration proposed that the federal government work with states to provide preschool for every 4-year-old from low- and moderate-income families. The president’s plan also calls for expanding Early Head Start, the federal program designed to prepare children from low-income families for school, to broaden quality childcare for infants and toddlers. 
  
 While supporters herald the plans as a way to help level the playing field for children who do not have the advantages of daily bedtime stories, music lessons and counting games at home, critics argue that federal money could be squandered on ineffective programs. 
  
 In the 2010-11 school year, the latest year for which data is available, 28 percent of all four-year-olds in the United States were enrolled in state-financed preschool programs, according to the National Institute for Early Education Research. 
  
 According to W. Steven Barnett, director of the institute, which is based at Rutgers University, only five states, including Oklahoma and Georgia, have a stated objective of offering preschool slots to all 4-year-olds. While about 1.1 million students across the country are enrolled in federally financed Head Start programs and others attend private preschools, that still leaves millions of children on the sidelines. 
  
 The president’s plan would provide federal matching dollars to states to provide public preschool slots for four-years olds whose families earn up to 200 percent of the poverty level. President Obama would also allocate extra funds for states to expand public pre-kindergarten slots for middle-class families, who could pay on a sliding scale of tuition. 
  
 President Obama’s early education proposals come as a handful of states have been more aggressively pushing taxpayer-financed preschool. 
  
 In Alabama, for example, Gov. Robert Bentley, a Republican, has called for a $12.5 million increase — or more than 60 percent — in the state’s preschool budget, with the eventual goal of increasing financing over 10 years to the point where every 4-year-old in the state could have a preschool slot. 
  
 The governor’s proposal is supported by a coalition of early-education advocates and business leaders, who see preschool as an important component of future job readiness. 
  
 “We’re trying to invest in a work force that can compete in 20 years with other states and other nations,” said Allison de la Torre, executive director of the coalition, the Alabama School Readiness Alliance. 
  
 Alabama is one of only five states whose preschool program received top marks based on an assessment of its quality standards by the National Institute for Early Education Research, but only 6 percent of 4-year-olds there are enrolled in a state-financed preschool. 
  
 To receive state money in Alabama, a preschool must employ teachers with bachelor’s degrees in early childhood education or child development, keep class sizes under 20 children, and follow a state-approved curriculum. The Obama administration is proposing similar standards for its federal matching program. 
  
 At one of the state-financed sites on Wednesday, the Nina Nicks Joseph Child Development Center in Mobile, Tina Adair, the lead teacher in a class of 18 students, most of whom come from low-income families, helped Amiyah Wilson, 5, copy the words “Happy Valentine’s Day” onto a card for her mother. Elsewhere in the classroom, Donovan Smith, 5, and Henry Hinojosa, 5, used a scale to compare the weights of two loads of blocks. 
  
 Ms. Adair said that the children had plenty of time to paint, sing or play with dress-up clothes and toy trucks. But she said they were also preparing for kindergarten and beyond through letter and number games, science experiments and writing. 
  
 As a former middle-school teacher, Ms. Adair said she could tell when students have had academic preparation from an early age. 
  
 “As fast-paced as our public school system is right now,” she said, “any little advantage that they can get is a bonus.” |||||
Output:
The Obama administration is outlining the "federal-state partnership" it wants to use to widen preschool programs, emphasizing small class sizes and rigorous curricula in its outreach to 4-year-olds in low- and moderate income households, reports the Wall Street Journal. The outline expands on President Obama's State of the Union address, and would require states to put in some matching funds. What's not clear? How much the initiative would cost, where that money is coming from, and whether Obama can convince Congress. "He presented a vision for an ideal federal policy," says a Democrat and proponent of education reform. "But it's hard to see it happening." The United States ranks 28th out of 38 developed countries for 4-year-olds enrolled in early education, and some economists argue that quality preschool education can reduce long-term crime rates, boost academic achievements, and improve incomes. The president's plan also calls for expanding Early Head Start to broaden childcare for infants and toddlers. “The evidence is, if we don’t make this investment and we don’t make it wisely, we’re going to pay for it later," one Alabama businessman tells the New York Times.