Definition: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: ↵ 1 Supported by research grants CA55075, HL35464, and UM1 CA167552 from the NIH and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom (reference BB/J004545/1); AC is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award Holder. This is an open access article distributed under the CC-BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ). 
  
 Abstract 
  
 Background: The predominant etiology for erectile dysfunction (ED) is vascular, but limited data are available on the role of diet. A higher intake of several flavonoids reduces diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk, but no studies have examined associations between flavonoids and erectile function. 
  
 Objective: This study examined the relation between habitual flavonoid subclass intakes and incidence of ED. 
  
 Design: We conducted a prospective study among 25,096 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Total flavonoid and subclass intakes were calculated from food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 y. Participants rated their erectile function in 2000 (with historical reporting from 1986) and again in 2004 and 2008. 
  
 Results: During 10 y of follow-up, 35.6% reported incident ED. After multivariate adjustment, including classic cardiovascular disease risk factors, several subclasses were associated with reduced ED incidence, specifically flavones (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97; P-trend = 0.006), flavanones (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95; P-trend = 0.0009), and anthocyanins (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98; P-trend = 0.002) comparing extreme intakes. The results remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for a composite dietary intake score. In analyses stratified by age, a higher intake of flavanones, anthocyanins, and flavones was significantly associated with a reduction in risk of ED only in men <70 y old and not older men (11–16% reduction in risk; P-interaction = 0.002, 0.03, and 0.007 for flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanins, respectively). In food-based analysis, higher total intake of fruit, a major source of anthocyanins and flavanones, was associated with a 14% reduction in risk of ED (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.92; P = 0.002). 
  
 Conclusions: These data suggest that a higher habitual intake of specific flavonoid-rich foods is associated with reduced ED incidence. Intervention trials are needed to further examine the impact of increasing intakes of commonly consumed flavonoid-rich foods on men’s health. ||||| Men who consume red wine and blueberries and take regular exercise can cut their risk of developing erectile dysfunction by over a fifth, a new study has shown. 
  
 Scientists have identified that foods rich in certain flavonoids cut the risk of men experiencing the sexual problem which affects up to half of all middle-aged and older men. 
  
 The foods with the greatest benefits include blueberries, cherries, blackberries, radishes and blackcurrant, which contain anthocyanins; as well as citrus fruits, which are packed with flavanones and flavones. 
  
 The study built on previous research which showed that exercise can reduce the risk of ED. Scientists have now found that eating a diet rich in flavonoids is as beneficial as walking briskly for up to five hours a week. 
  
 By exercising and eating flavonoid-rich foods, men can cut the risk of experience ED by 21 per cent. 
  
 Researchers also pinpointed that eating more fruit in general was linked to a 14 per cent reduction in the risk of developing ED. 
  
 The study, published in 'The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition', was carried out by researchers at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and UEA’s Norwich Medical School. 
  
 To make their findings, researchers assessed data collected since 1986 on over 50,000 middle-aged men. Particpants were asked about their ability to have and maintain an erection sufficient for having sex. The men were also questioned about their diet every four years. 
  
 The men who consumed high levels of anthocyanins and flavanones, and who were also physically active, had the lowest risk of erectile dysfunction, the study found. 
  
 The evidence also showed that more than a third of men said they struggled with new onset ED, but those who ate a diet full of anthocyanins, flavones and flavanones were less likely to suffer the condition. 
  
 Lead researcher Prof Aedin Cassidy from UEA said that flavanoids are present in many foods and drinks including fruits, vegetables, tea, herbs and wine. 
  
 "In terms of quantities, we’re talking just a few portions a week," she said. 
  
 "The top sources of anthocyanins, flavones and flavanones consumed in the US are strawberries, blueberries, red wine, apples, pears, and citrus products." 
  
 "We also found that the benefits were strongest among younger men," she added. 
  
 Food trends in 2016 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 + show all Food trends in 2016 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 1/11 Celeriac root We had a kale obsession in 2015, but 2016’s vegetable sine qua non is predicted to be the knobbly celeriac root. Celeriac milk (Tom Hunt at Poco in Bristol serves it with winter mussels and wild water celery), celeriac cooked in Galician beef fat (from Adam Rawson of Pachamama, hot new chef in the capital) and salt-baked celeriac (to be found in Matthew and Iain Pennington’s kitchens at The Ethicurean in the West Country) are just a few examples. Getty Images 
  
 2/11 Middle Eastern food The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook (£24.95, Phaidon) by grand-dame Salma Hage, author of the bestseller The Lebanese Kitchen (whose halva is pictured here), is out in April © Liz & Max Haarala Hamilton 
  
 3/11 Non-alcoholic cocktails Grain Store mixologist Tony Conigliaro has created Roman Redhead, a riot of red grape juice, beetroot, pale ale and verjus, and Rose Iced Tea (black tea, rose petals, anise essence, pictured here) 
  
 4/11 Gin The discerning will be slurping Hepple gin – from chef Valentine Warner and cocktail guru Nick Strangeway – which is punctuated with bog-myrtle nuances 
  
 5/11 Argyll and Bute Restaurant followers are getting in a froth about Pam Brunton in Scotland, who opened the Inver restaurant in Argyll and Bute to acclaim last year 
  
 6/11 Andy Oliver’s Som Saa One of the most eagerly awaited restaurants of 2016 will be the permanent incarnation of Andy Oliver’s remarkable pop-up Som Saa opening very soon in east London. Oliver, who worked at Thai god David Thompson’s Nahm in Bangkok, raised a whopping £700,000 through crowdfunding, and is renowned for his piquant Thai flavours and obsessive attention to detail, including in his home ferments and DIY coconut cream © Adam Weatherley 
  
 7/11 Venison Another ruminant in vogue is venison, with Sainsbury’s doubling its line for 2016. It provides a protein-packed punch, with B vitamins and iron, and it’s low in fat. Its entry into the mainstream is in part thanks to the Scottish restaurant Mac and Wild, just opened in London, whose Celtic head chef Andy Waugh (who also runs the Wild Game Co) has been touting it as street food for years (his venison burger pictured here) 
  
 8/11 Goat From Brett Graham’s The Ledbury to Angela Hartnett’s kitchens at Lime Wood Hotel in the New Forest, Cabrito is the go-to goat supplier among the chef cognoscenti (roasted loin of kid pictured here) – but this year, domestic cooks can get in on the action, as Sushila Moles and James Whetlor of Cabrito offer their meat through Ocado Mike Lusmore / mikelusmore.com 
  
 9/11 Coffee Coffee sage George Crawford is launching the much-anticipated Cupsmith with his partner, Emma. Crawford believes that 2016 is the year purist coffee will finally meet the masses; Cupsmith’s mission will be to make craft coffee as popular as craft beer on the high street. The company roasts Arabica beans in small batches, improving its quality – but sells it online, at cupsmith.com, in an approachable way: expect cheerful packaging and names such as Afternoon Reviver Coffee (designed for drinking with milk – no matter how uncouth, most of us want milk) and Glorious Espresso Julia Conway 
  
 10/11 120-day-old steak Hanging meat for extremely long lengths of time has become an art. In Cumbria, Lake Road Kitchen’s James Cross is plating up 120-day-old steak (pictured here). The beef is from influential “ager” Dan Austin of Lake District Farmers, who is currently investigating the individual bacterial cultures that go into this maturing process 
  
 11/11 Lotus root Diners can expect root-to-stem dining - cue the full lotus deployed by the Michelin-starred Indian Benares in its kamal kakdi aur paneer korma Getty Images 
  
 Dr Eric Rimm, senior author on the study and a professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, said: "As well as improving sexual health for middle-aged men, there is another important benefit linked to heart health. Erectile dysfunction is often an early barometer of poor vascular function and offers a critical opportunity to intervene and prevent cardiovascular disease, heart attack and even death. 
  
 "Men with erectile dysfunction are likely to be highly motivated to make healthier lifestyle choices, such as exercising more and eating the right foods – which would greatly benefit their long-term cardiovascular health as well." |||||
Output:
Up to half of all middle-aged and older men are affected by erectile dysfunction, and the answer may not be a little blue pill. Men who eat foods rich in flavonoids are less likely to suffer from the condition, and that risk is even lower if they also exercise regularly. So report researchers in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, who asked more than 25,000 otherwise healthy middle aged men about their ability to have and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse, with the data stretching back to 1986. Nearly 36% of the men reported experiencing erectile dysfunction over the course of the study, and the researchers at Harvard and the University of East Anglia in the UK found that "men in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of intakes of [flavonoids] had a 9% to 11% reduced incidence of ED." That benefit was greatest when men—particularly younger ones—consumed foods with three types of flavonoids: anthocyanins, flavones, and flavanones. In the US, the top sources of these are strawberries, blueberries, red wine, apples, pears, and citrus. "In terms of quantities, we’re talking just a few portions a week," says lead researcher Aedin Cassidy. And the benefit grew when exercise was added into the mix: The combination of the two dropped risk by 21%, with the Independent reporting that the findings build on earlier results showing a link between exercise and reduced risk of erectile dysfunction. And the benefits could be even greater: One study author says the dysfunction is "often an early barometer of poor vascular function and offers a critical opportunity to intervene and prevent cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and even death." (Coffee appears to help, too.)