Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: Oct. 14, 2016 -- New research is shedding light on a question that has long confounded dieters and obesity researchers alike: Why do so many people regain weight after they’ve worked so hard to lose it? 
  
 The answer, according to a new study, is appetite. People who successfully lose weight get really hungry -- more than anyone had ever expected that they might. The body prompts us to eat about 100 calories more than usual for every 2 pounds or so of weight lost, researchers found. 
  
 “That’s the very first time that number has been quantified. We never knew how big that number was before the study,” says researcher Kevin Hall, PhD, who studies how the body responds to weight loss at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. 
  
 It’s this surge in appetite, even more than the drop in metabolism people have after weight loss, that drives weight regain, he says. 
  
 The effect of appetite is three times stronger than the slowing metabolism. The two together almost virtually assure that lost pounds will creep back on, Hall says. 
  
 Independent experts who reviewed the study, which will be published in the November issue of the journal Obesity and presented on November 2 at the ObesityWeek conference, say it will probably change how doctors treat patients who’ve lost weight. 
  
 “This is a landmark study,” says Ken Fujioka, MD, director of the nutrition and metabolic research center at the Scripps Clinic in Del Mar, CA. “It gives us very useful information that will actually help us develop new guidelines,” to prevent weight regain, he says. 
  
 “We get patients all the time that hit these plateaus, and we’re trying to figure out, what do we do?” Fujioka says. “It’s real clear to us that you really need to deal with the food intake side, the driven appetite, from this paper.” ||||| Focused crawls are collections of frequently-updated webcrawl data from narrow (as opposed to broad or wide) web crawls, often focused on a single domain or subdomain. ||||| Weight loss leads to strong increase in appetite 
  
 Study with diabetes drug measures how extra calories caused weight loss plateau. 
  
 What 
  
 Analysis of a trial that used the drug canagliflozin found that as people lost weight, their appetite increased proportionately, leading to consumption of more calories and weight loss plateau (leveling off). The findings provide the first measurement in people of how strongly appetite counters weight loss as part of the body’s feedback control system regulating weight. Results are currently available on BioRxiv and will publish in Obesity during Obesity Week 2016. 
  
 A team led by the NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) analyzed data from a year-long, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in people with type 2 diabetes who could eat and drink without restriction by the study. Of the 242 participants, 153 received canagliflozin, a drug that caused a substantial increase in the amount of glucose excreted in their urine. Those people were not directly aware of that calorie loss, which caused a gradual decrease in weight averaging about eight pounds. 
  
 The team used a validated math model to calculate the changes in the amount of calories consumed during the study. They found no long-term calorie intake changes in the 89 people who got a placebo. However, for every pound of lost weight, the people treated with canagliflozin consumed about 50 calories per day more than they were eating before the study. This increase in appetite and calorie intake led to slowing of weight loss after about six months. 
  
 The measurements are consistent with the researchers’ analysis of data from a separate trial on a commercial weight loss program not involving canagliflozin. In the weight loss program trial, despite the dieters’ consistent efforts to reduce calorie intake, their increased appetite resulted in a progressive increase in calorie intake — three times stronger than the changes in caloric expenditure that typically accompany weight loss — and weight loss plateau. Findings from the analyses suggest that persistent effort is required to avoid weight regain. 
  
 Support for the study comes from the intramural research program of the NIDDK. 
  
 Who 
  
 Study lead and NIDDK Senior Investigator Kevin Hall, Ph.D. is available to comment. 
  
 Contact 
  
 To schedule an interview, please contact Krysten Carrera, 301-435-8112, Krysten.Carrera@nih.gov. 
  
 The NIDDK, a component of the NIH, conducts and supports research on diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, nutrition and obesity; and kidney, urologic and hematologic diseases. Spanning the full spectrum of medicine and afflicting people of all ages and ethnic groups, these diseases encompass some of the most common, severe and disabling conditions affecting Americans. For more information about the NIDDK and its programs, see www.niddk.nih.gov. 
  
 About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov. 
  
 NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health® |||||
Output:
A "landmark" new study out of the National Institutes of Health helps explain why weight gain after weight loss is so common—and so difficult to avoid. Reporting in the journal Obesity, researchers say that weight loss puts the body in a sort of fight mode and results in a "strong increase in appetite," prompting people to eat an extra 100 calories for every two pounds lost. "That’s the very first time that number has been quantified. We never knew how big that number was before the study," says the lead author. "We get patients all the time that hit these plateaus, and we’re trying to figure out, what do we do?" adds a researcher at the Scripps Clinic. "It’s real clear to us that you really need to deal with the food intake side, the driven appetite, from this paper." Previous research has established that weight loss leads to a drop in metabolism that often leads to weight gain, reports WebMD. These new findings suggest that the gain in appetite has an effect that is three times stronger than the drop in metabolism, and that taken together it's very hard to keep the scale from tipping back toward its starting point. That's the bad news. The good news is that drugs already exist to suppress appetite, and these findings may establish cause to add a prescription to the post-weight loss period, one researcher says. "This helps to explain that it’s not all your fault," another says. "Your body fights against the long-term maintenance of that weight." (One Oprah fan says that if Oprah cannot buy permanent weight loss, maybe it can't be bought.)