Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: (Reuters Health) - More than 10 percent of U.S. children have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reflecting a surge in recent years particularly among girls and minority groups, a new study finds. 
  
 Spikes in diagnoses among girls, Hispanics and older kids may be the result of better screening and monitoring among previously under diagnosed groups, experts say. 
  
 Roughly 5.8 million children aged five to 17 years are now diagnosed with ADHD, which is characterized by social and behavioral problems as well as challenges in school, according to the analysis of cases reported by parents from 2003 to 2011. 
  
 Diagnosis rates jumped 43 percent overall during the study period, from 8.4 percent of children in 2003 to 12 percent by 2011. 
  
 Over that time, diagnosis among girls jumped 55 percent from 4.7 percent in 2003 to 7.3 percent in 2011, though prevalence remained higher among boys. 
  
 “The sharper increase among girls was a surprise primarily because ADHD is typically diagnosed among boys,” said study co-author Sean Cleary, a public health researcher at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. 
  
 “One possibility to explain the increasing trend among females is a greater recognition of ADHD symptoms observed (e.g. withdrawn, internalizing) that are traditionally overlooked because they are not typically considered a sign of this condition,” Cleary added by email. 
  
 To assess shifts in diagnosis patterns over time, Cleary and co-author Kevin Collins of Mathematic Policy Research analyzed data on more than 190,000 children from U.S. surveys conducted in 2003, 2007 and 2011. 
  
 As part of the surveys, parents reported whether their child had been diagnosed with ADHD. 
  
 Boys accounted for the majority of cases, and diagnosis for them rose 40 percent during the study period to 16.5 percent by 2011. 
  
 Age also played a role in diagnosis rate gains, with the a 33 percent increase among kids aged five to nine years old, a 47 percent climb for those 10 to 14 years, and a 52 percent surge for teens 15 to 17 years. 
  
 While white children still made up the majority of cases, diagnosis rates climbed much more for black and Hispanic youth, according to the results in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. In particular, diagnosis among Hispanic children spiked 83 percent over the study period. For blacks, diagnoses rose 58 percent. 
  
 Shortcomings of the study include low response rates and its reliance on data from telephone surveys that didn’t include mobile numbers until 2011, the authors note. 
  
 Still, the rising diagnosis rates aren’t surprising, and are consistent with trends U.S. clinicians have been seeing for years, said Quyen Epstein-Ngo, a psychology researcher at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor who wasn’t involved in the study. 
  
 It’s possible that some of the increase in diagnosis is due to some children having avoided diagnosis in the past as a result of having less severe symptoms, more coping strategies or a stronger support system to help them deal with the demands of school, Epstein-Ngo said by email. 
  
 “It could be that the last several years have seen an increased ability, or willingness, to recognize that older adolescents who are still struggling could require more formal help and support,” Epstein-Ngo said. “Alternatively, it could be that increased pressures on adolescents to perform and achieve are leading to a push for more ADHD assessments.” 
  
 Some previous research has also raised concerns that children from certain minority groups may have been underdiagnosed in the past, noted Dr. Timothy Wilens, chief of child and adolescent psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston. 
  
 The surge in diagnosis for some non-white students in the study “may reflect appropriately increased testing and evaluation of academic and interpersonal difficulties,” Wilens, who wasn’t involved in the study, said by email. 
  
 Even though the data point to rising ADHD diagnosis rates, Wilens cautioned, the study based on parents’ responses to a single survey question doesn’t help answer why children were diagnosed or what treatment they may have received. 
  
 “I do believe these data indicate that adolescents, girls, and certain racial ethnic groups are being monitored more stringently for behavioral and academic difficulties including ADHD and other problems,” Wilens added. 
  
 SOURCE: bit.ly/1XZP9Bo Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, online December 8, 2015. ||||| The article you requested is 
  
 Article Abstract 
  
 Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among children in the United States. While overall ADHD prevalence continues to rise, few have examined difference by race/ethnicity. 
  
 Objective: To examine trends in parent-reported ADHD prevalence between 2003 and 2011 across racial/ethnic groups and the role of sociodemographic factors in observed differences in ADHD. 
  
 Method: Data were from 3 waves of the National Survey of Children’s Health (2003, 2007, and 2011), including 190,408 children aged 5–17 years. Independent variables included race/ethnicity (white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, other non-Hispanic), gender, age, poverty level, primary language, insurance status, parental marital status, and neighborhood safety. Sociodemographic factors and year were compared among those diagnosed with ADHD and between racial/ethnic groups using χ2 tests. Adjusted logistic regression models, stratified by race/ethnicity, were fit to examine the association between identified risk factors and ADHD across racial/ethnic groups. Parental report of an ADD or ADHD diagnosis for a child aged 5–17 years was the dependent variable. If the household included more than 1 child aged 5–17 years, 1 was selected at random. 
  
 Results: Increasing trends were observed over the past decade in the prevalence of parent-reported ADHD overall (43%, P < .001), among children aged 10–14 years (47%, P < .001), and adolescents aged 15–17 years (52%, P < .001). Although the ADHD prevalence was still highest among whites, increasing trends were observed for all racial/ethnic groups, most notably among Hispanics, increasing 83% from 2003 to 2011 (P < .001). A greater increase in ADHD was also observed among females (55%, P < .001) than among males (40%). 
  
 Conclusions: Economics, family status, non-English language in the home, and neighborhood safety factors differentially impacted diagnosed ADHD across racial/ethnic groups. Although new insights into the role of economic, family, and neighborhood factors on parent-reported ADHD diagnoses were noted, more research is needed to understand causes of the observed racial/ethnic disparities. ||||| The number of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rose by 43 percent between 2003 and 2011. The percentage of children who have ADHD, however, is not thought to have changed, it’s simply that more are being diagnosed. 
  
 While the findings, published today in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, may be received as more unnecessary medicalization of childhood, experts welcomed it as good news. 
  
 “Part of the problem with ADHD is that there’s a lot of misinformation, so some people would look at that and say we’re just diagnosing too many kids,” said Dr. Mark Wolraich, chief of the developmental and behavioral pediatrics section at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and a spokesman for the American Academy of Pediatrics. “I see that some of it is encouraging in many kids who have been under-diagnosed in the past may now be getting diagnosed.” 
  
 It may be true that doctors have diagnosed ADHD too liberally. But because white boys, particularly those with insurance coverage, have been far more likely to be diagnosed, there are also likely some children with ADHD who lack access to a doctor to diagnose them. 
  
 Read More: ADHD Symptoms in Boys and Girls » 
  
 Putting Treatment Within Reach 
  
 With a diagnosis comes access to stimulant medications. The drugs effectively manage ADHD symptoms, allowing young people to perform better in school, doctors and psychologists say. 
  
 The new research — done by Sean Cleary, PhD, MPH, an asspcoate professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at The George Washington University Sschool of Public Health and Health Services, and Mathematica Policy Research statistician Kevin Collins — suggests the gap in access may be shrinking. Rates of diagnosis among Hispanic youth rose 83 percent. Girls, who are less than half as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, saw their rates go up by 55 percent. 
  
 The rates of diagnoses, which are based on the number of parents who reported that they had been told by a doctor that their child had ADHD, doesn’t explain why the trends have been different for different demographic groups. 
  
 “We could speculate that among females there may be a greater recognition of symptoms that in the past wouldn’t have been recognized,” Cleary said. “It is possible that female adolescents may have different forms of verbal aggression than male adolescents.” 
  
 The aggression includes teasing and name-calling. 
  
 “It’s not particularly surprising if you have teenagers,” he added. 
  
 Read More: Children Who Don’t Get ADHD Treatment Can Have Problems in Adulthood » 
  
 It’s Not Just Little Kids 
  
 Rates of diagnosis went up more among adolescents than among younger children, according to the study. Psychologists once thought that kids grew out of ADHD, but more now believe that it usually persists. 
  
 “The researchers did show one of the explanations of the increased rates, which is that in the past most of the children were diagnosed at elementary age, and where you’re seeing the increases is more in adolescents,” said Wolraich, who was not involved in the study. 
  
 He offered one theory on why the United States could legitimately see more diagnoses even when ADHD is not becoming more common in absolute terms. 
  
 Being able to function well in school has become a bigger priority and that’s contributing to why more kids are identified. Dr. Mark Wolraich, American Association of Pediatricians 
  
 “There was a much higher dropout rate in ’50s and ’60s, but you could drop out of high school and still get a decent blue collar job. Now, even with a high school degree, options are limited,” Wolraich said. “So being able to function well in school has become a bigger priority and that’s contributing to why more kids are identified.” 
  
 Whatever the reason for the skyrocketing rates, they don’t worry experts as much as children who could benefit from treatment but aren’t given the chance. 
  
 “There may be an issue with over-diagnosis, but the greater concern is making sure that kids do get assessed,” Cleary said. 
  
 Read More: ADHD Medications Make Kids Targets for Bullies » |||||
A:
More than one in 10 US children between the ages of 5 and 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, according to a study published Tuesday in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. That means about 5.8 million kids have the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder for US children. The study looked at surveys of more than 190,000 kids between 2003 and 2011, Reuters reports. It found diagnosis rates rose 43% over that time to the point 12% of US children were diagnosed with ADHD in 2011. But that's a "good thing," according to Healthline. "Some people would look at that and say we’re just diagnosing too many kids,” an American Academy of Pediatrics spokesperson says. “I see that some of it is encouraging in many kids who have been under-diagnosed in the past may now be getting diagnosed.” ADHD was historically mostly diagnosed in white boys, Reuters reports. But the study found diagnosis rates for girls rose 55% between 2003 and 2011. “It is possible that female adolescents may have different forms of verbal aggression than male adolescents," study co-author Sean Clearly explains to Healthline. “It’s not particularly surprising if you have teenagers." Similarly, diagnosis rates rose for older teens (52%), Hispanic children (83%), and black children (58%). Researchers don't believe more kids actually have ADHD than they did in 2003 and are less worried about possible over-diagnosis than children who need help not getting it. According to Healthline, increases in diagnosis rates mean more kids who need medication have access to it, allowing them to do better in school.