Teacher:In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. ||||| The record temperatures we keep reading about could be a fond memory in just 15 years' time, which is when a new mini-Ice Age will hit the planet, a group of scientists is warning. 
  
 The last "Little Ice Age," which chilled the northern hemisphere from the year 1300 to 1870, lasted almost 600 years. The U.K. Royal Astronomical Society isn't postulating how long the new one they predict will persist. 
  
 Their prediction has nothing whatsoever to do with the phenomenon of human-driven climate change, about which there is almost-blanket scientific consensus. It has to do with the behavior of the sun, which the team headed by Prof. Valentina Zharkova says it can now model with much greater accuracy than ever before. 
  
 The model suggests that "solar activity will fall by 60 per cent during the 2030s to conditions last seen during the 'mini ice age' that began in 1645," they write in ScienceDaily. 
  
 The sun has a natural activity cycle lasting between ten and 12 years, but the cycles are, by nature, not identical. Yet nobody had been able to nail down the causes of fluctuations, until Zharkova and her team postulated that the sun's activity was driven not by one dynamo, but two – one being moving plasm deep within the Sun, the other closer to the star's surface. 
  
 They found magnetic wave components appearing in pairs, originating in two different layers in the Sun's interior, Zharkova told Science Daily: Both have a frequency of about 11 years but are offset in time. 
  
 "Combining both waves together and comparing to real data for the current solar cycle, we found that our predictions showed an accuracy of 97%," she told the journal. 
  
 And they predict, based on the cycles' behavior, that a new mini-Ice Age will start in 15 years, when the cycles produce a "Maunder minimum" – a period of low solar activity. 
  
 This is not good news. The last "Little Ice Age" – which was no such thing, merely a very long period of colder weather – wreaked havoc on Europe and early settlers of North America, though science isn't clear how it affected the southern hemisphere. In Europe, rivers and canals froze over and so did the usually balmy Bosphorus, for good measure. Frost-afflicted countries suffered widespread crop failure and famine. Some have even linked the travails of the era to the predilection for witch-hunting, which did not, ultimately, solve any problems at all. ||||| A new model of the Sun's solar cycle is producing unprecedentedly accurate predictions of irregularities within the Sun's 11-year heartbeat. The model draws on dynamo effects in two layers of the Sun, one close to the surface and one deep within its convection zone. Predictions from the model suggest that solar activity will fall by 60 per cent during the 2030s to conditions last seen during the 'mini ice age' that began in 1645. 
  
 Results will be presented today by Prof Valentina Zharkova at the National Astronomy Meeting in Llandudno. 
  
 It is 172 years since a scientist first spotted that the Sun's activity varies over a cycle lasting around 10 to 12 years. But every cycle is a little different and none of the models of causes to date have fully explained fluctuations. Many solar physicists have put the cause of the solar cycle down to a dynamo caused by convecting fluid deep within the Sun. Now, Zharkova and her colleagues have found that adding a second dynamo, close to the surface, completes the picture with surprising accuracy. 
  
 "We found magnetic wave components appearing in pairs, originating in two different layers in the Sun's interior. They both have a frequency of approximately 11 years, although this frequency is slightly different, and they are offset in time. Over the cycle, the waves fluctuate between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun. Combining both waves together and comparing to real data for the current solar cycle, we found that our predictions showed an accuracy of 97%," said Zharkova. 
  
 Zharkova and her colleagues derived their model using a technique called 'principal component analysis' of the magnetic field observations from the Wilcox Solar Observatory in California. They examined three solar cycles-worth of magnetic field activity, covering the period from 1976-2008. In addition, they compared their predictions to average sunspot numbers, another strong marker of solar activity. All the predictions and observations were closely matched. 
  
 Looking ahead to the next solar cycles, the model predicts that the pair of waves become increasingly offset during Cycle 25, which peaks in 2022. During Cycle 26, which covers the decade from 2030-2040, the two waves will become exactly out of synch and this will cause a significant reduction in solar activity. 
  
 "In cycle 26, the two waves exactly mirror each other -- peaking at the same time but in opposite hemispheres of the Sun. Their interaction will be disruptive, or they will nearly cancel each other. We predict that this will lead to the properties of a 'Maunder minimum'," said Zharkova. "Effectively, when the waves are approximately in phase, they can show strong interaction, or resonance, and we have strong solar activity. When they are out of phase, we have solar minimums. When there is full phase separation, we have the conditions last seen during the Maunder minimum, 370 years ago." |||||
Student:
In the words of the Starks, winter is coming—and it's going to be bad. Using a new model to forecast the sun's activity, scientists predict solar activity will fall by 60% in the 2030s to conditions not seen since a "mini ice age" in 1645. For almost two centuries, scientists have known that the sun's activity changes on a 10- to 12-year cycle. Each cycle is slightly different, and predicting the sun's activity has proven difficult thanks to a dynamo caused by fluid deep within the sun. However, after reviewing magnetic field activity over three solar cycles, researchers say they've found a second dynamo close to the sun's surface. "They both have a frequency of approximately 11 years, although this frequency is slightly different," researcher Valentina Zharkova explains. The new model based on the pair has allowed for "unprecedentedly accurate predictions," per Science Daily. As if to crush all hope of warmth, Zharkova notes they're 97% accurate. That doesn't mean we're all going to freeze solid. Zharkova explains that, according to the "double dynamo" theory, two sets of magnetic waves, "originating in two different layers in the sun's interior," sway between the sun's Northern and Southern hemispheres. When they are "in phase ... we have strong solar activity." But when the "two waves exactly mirror each other, peaking at the same time but in opposite hemispheres of the sun," as is predicted for 2030 to 2040, "their interaction will be disruptive, or they will nearly cancel each other. We predict that this will lead to the properties of a 'Maunder minimum.'" The Maunder minimum, also known as the Little Ice Age, brought significant temperature drops to the Northern Hemisphere from 1645 to 1715, causing England's River Thames to freeze during the winter of 1683-84, reports the Telegraph. Haaretz, which puts the dates at 1300 to 1870, reports some countries suffered crop failure and famine. (The sun is already partly to blame for our shortening spring.)