Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: A new study suggests that by catching the slowest swimmers, commercial fishermen are inadvertently helping fish species evolve to swim faster. 
  
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 Fisherman Baldassare Noto unloads the daily catch from the 'Jenny G' commercial fishing vessel onto the dock on February 16, 2013, in Gloucester, Mass. 
  
 Is high-volume fishing changing the genetic makeup of fish populations? In other words, if all the slow fish are caught, leaving only the fastest fish to breed, will fish species actually evolve to swim faster? 
  
 Yes, according to new research. 
  
 The "harvest of animals by humans may constitute one of the strongest evolutionary forces affecting wild populations," says lead author Dr. Shaun Killen, with the University of Glasgow. 
  
 "Evidence suggests selective harvest can lead to genetic change within wild populations, for specific traits," he added. His team's research can be seen in the August issue of scientific journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 
  
 Dr. Killen and his colleagues investigated whether commercial fishing was prompting physiological changes, as faster fish had better chances of evading capture by commercial trawlers. "Over time, the selective removal of poor-swimming fish could alter the fundamental physiological makeup of descendant populations that avoid fisheries capture,” explains Killen. 
  
 Though controversial, trawling nets play a large role in the commercial fishing industry; the speed of a trawling net is species-specific, typically determined by the maximum speed of the fish. "Fish being trawled will try to swim at a steady pace ahead of the mouth of the net for as long as possible, but a proportion will eventually tire and fall back into the net,” said Killen in a press release from the University of Glasgow. The study mimicked commercial trawling practices with schools of wild minnows in a laboratory, to observe how the fish interacted with the nets. 
  
 The researchers measured many traits in the 43 fish studied, including swimming ability, metabolic rate, and indicators of aerobic and anaerobic physical fitness. They found that high anaerobic capacity – which allows fish to swim rapidly for short bursts – was most helpful for fish in evading capture. 
  
 Conservationists and fishermen alike are concerned about rapidly decreasing fish populations. 
  
 "There is a lot of concern on how overfishing is affecting the abundance of wild fish, consequences for the economy, employment, and the ecosystem as a whole," said Killen in the press release. "But one aspect that is often overlooked is that intense fishing pressure may cause evolutionary changes to remaining the fish that are not captured." 
  
 This “intense fishing pressure” largely comes from Asia, responsible for catching 48 percent of all captured fish, according to the United Nations. Worldwide, commercial fishing generates $63 billion in household income, according to a 2010 report. 
  
 The research team now plans to study fish in the wild to see if they find the same behaviors that they observed in laboratory conditions. ||||| Scientists investigate whether fish could evolve to become less catchable 
  
 Intensive fishing prompts much concern and debate over sustainability of fish stocks, but could it also be driving evolutionary changes that render fish of the future less catchable? 
  
 There are many examples of an evolutionary ‘arms race’ between predator and prey, where adaptations that help hunted animals avoid capture prompt changes in hunters that help them become more deadly. 
  
 Scientists at the University of Glasgow investigating whether commercial trawling is similarly driving evolutionary change in fish have found fitter fish are better at evading capture. They speculate that, over time, this could lead to physiological changes in future fish populations. 
  
 Dr Shaun Killen of the Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, said: “There is a lot of concern on how overfishing is affecting the abundance of wild fish, consequences for the economy, employment and the ecosystem as a whole. 
  
 “But one aspect that is often overlooked is that intense fishing pressure may cause evolutionary changes to remaining the fish that are not captured.” 
  
 A study led by Dr Killen, published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, used simulated trawling with schools of wild minnows to investigate two key questions around fisheries-induced evolution. 
  
 The researchers wanted to know whether some individuals within a fish shoal were consistently more susceptible to capture by trawling than others, and if so, was susceptibility related to individual differences in swimming performance and metabolism? 
  
 The researchers measured the swimming ability, metabolic rate, and indicators of aerobic and anaerobic physical fitness of 43 individual fish. They then placed them in a tank with a trawling net in a simulation that was repeated several times, enabling the identification of individuals which were more susceptible to capture. 
  
 Dr Killen said: “Fish being trawled will try to swim at a steady pace ahead of the mouth of the net for as long as possible, but a proportion will eventually tire and fall back into the net. 
  
 “Fish that escape trawling are those that can propel themselves ahead of the net or move around the outside of the net. The key question is whether those that escape are somehow physiologically or behaviourally different than those that are captured. Most trawlers travel at the about same speed as the upper limit of the swim speed of the species they are targeting. 
  
 “While trawling nets can be in the water anywhere between 10 minutes to several hours, whether or not fish enter the net is generally decided within a few minutes of when they end up at the trawl mouth.” 
  
 Video of trawling experiment 
  
 The results of the simulation revealed that some fish were indeed more susceptible to capture than others and this was strongly related to anaerobic capacity – the ability to engage in short periods of intense physical activity which demands more oxygen than is available from breathing alone. 
  
 Maximum aerobic swim speed was also negatively correlated with vulnerability to trawling. Metabolic rate – an indicator of how much energy an animal needs to live – was highest among fish that were least vulnerable to trawling but this relationship probably arose through correlations with anaerobic capacity. 
  
 Dr Killen said: “Humans are effective predators, and selective harvest of animals by humans probably represents one of the strongest drivers of evolutionary change for wild animal populations. “Hunting and fishing are selective processes which often remove individuals that, under normal circumstances, may have the highest reproductive potential. Available evidence suggests selective harvest can lead to genetic change within wild populations for specific traits. 
  
 “Using simulated trawling, our study provides the first evidence better swimming fish, and those with higher metabolic rates, are more likely to escape capture. “Over time, the selective removal of poor-swimming fish could alter the fundamental physiological makeup of descendant populations that avoid fisheries capture.” 
  
 The researchers now want to study fish in the wild to see if they get the same results. 
  
 Media enquiries: stuart.forsyth@glasgow.ac.uk / 0141 330 4831 
  
 Related links |||||
Output:
Similarly to how superbugs are evolving so that they can survive our best efforts to drug them out of existence, it's possible that fish could evolve to swim faster and thus escape our masterfully constructed nets. So report University of Glasgow researchers in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. They conducted experiments that found the fastest swimmers are indeed the most successful at evading our nets; over time this "selective" harvesting could "lead to genetic change within wild populations for specific traits," says lead author Shaun Killen in a press release. As of 2010, commercial fishing generated $63 billion in annual household income, reports the Christian Science Monitor, so as "intense fishing pressure" continues, fish will have to either get out of our way or succumb to our appetites. To study this, the researchers employed commercial trawling practices, where the speed of a trawling net is determined by the maximum swim speed of a specific species. This means that while many fish can keep a steady pace ahead of the mouth of the net, most eventually tire out, fall back, and are captured. The researchers tried this on 43 wild minnows in a lab while studying several traits, including metabolic rate and aerobic and anaerobic fitness. It turns out that anaerobic capacity, or the ability of a fish to swim fast for a brief period of time using more oxygen than is available through breathing, had the greatest impact on a fish's ability to evade capture. This trait could presumably become more present in future generations of fish that are the descendents of those who got away. (Meet the world's new horrifying fish.)