In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.

[EX Q]: The law was passed after a referendum in May, when the Irish state became the first in the world to legalise same-sex civil marriage by popular vote.
It is not yet known when and where the first same-sex wedding will be held.
But the first people to be affected are same-sex couples who have already wed legally abroad. Their marriages are now automatically recognised by the state.
They include Orla Howard and her wife Dr Grainne Courtney, who were married in the United States in May 2013.
The couple have been in a relationship for the last 13 years and live in Dublin with their two grown-up daughters.
"It's a terrific moment, because our marriage will be the same as any straight couple's marriage from Monday morning," Ms Howard told BBC Northern Ireland.
"It will bring all of the rights and protections that marriage brings, from the constitutional point of view, to our family and that's one of the key things for us."
Same-sex couples who are seeking to wed for the first time will be able to do so from Monday onwards, but it is not yet known who is in line to make legal history by marrying a person of the same sex in a Republic of Ireland ceremony.
The first newlyweds are likely to be couples who had already applied to register a civil partnership over the coming hours or days, but who now have the option to convert this into a marriage application for the same date.
Registrars have been contacting couples who fall into this category to find out their preferences.
People who are already in a civil partnership in the Republic of Ireland can now also choose get married, but they must give at least five day's notice of their intentions to a civil registration office.
Civil partners who do not wish to get married will remain as civil partners, their legal status will not be affected by the new law.
However, new applications for civil partnerships are no longer being accepted.
The Marriage Act 2015 only applies to civil marriage, and no Irish church or religious organisation that objects to the new law will be forced to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies.
The Catholic Church and other Christian organisations had campaigned against the legislation, arguing marriage should only be between a man and woman.
[EX A]: Same-sex marriage has now become legal in the Republic of Ireland, after new legislation came into effect on Monday.

[EX Q]: The country's Football Association (CFA) is proposing the measure for loss-making clubs in order to try to curb the league's extravagant spending.
Chinese clubs spent £331m during the country's winter transfer window, which was more than their English Premier League counterparts in January.
The proceeds from the tax would go into a government-run fund.
If enforced, the measure would in effect double the fee for any player.
Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney and Chelsea striker Diego Costa are among the high-profile players to be linked with the Chinese Super League (CSL), with the transfer window open until 14 July.
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In the last transfer window, Shanghai SIPG bought Brazil international Oscar for £60m from Chelsea, while Shanghai Shenhua spent £40m on Carlos Tevez. The Argentina striker signed a deal worth a reported £310,000 a week.
At the time, a spokesperson for China's General Administration of Sport said clubs in the country were "burning money".
Limits on the number foreign players in squads were put in place for the current season, which runs from March to November. Only three non-Chinese players can now be fielded in a fixture in a move the CFA hoped would tackle "irrational" spending.
Costa was a target for Tianjin Quanjian but the club's owner, Shu Yuhui, said in January that a bid to sign the forward had been scuppered by new CSL rules limiting the number of foreign players.
In each game next year, clubs will also have to field as many Chinese under-23 players as overseas players.
BBC Sport's Simon Stone:
The Chinese Super League transfer window has raised the potential for another massive deal being done for Wayne Rooney.
A move to China is one of a number of options for Rooney, which also include remaining at United for the final year of his contract.
However, he may wish to consider the fate of former team-mate Carlos Tevez, who joined Shanghai Shenhua on a mega deal earlier in the year.
Neither the team nor Tevez are performing to expectations and when the Argentina international was spotted at a theme park after missing a game through injury this weekend, fans went on social media to condemn him, with one saying he has "the worst attitude in the team's history".
Big money. Big demands.
[EX A]: Chinese Super League clubs face a 100% tax on signings as their mid-season transfer window opens on Monday.

[EX Q]: Special Report: The Technology of Business
Africans look to video on demand
The apps changing South Africa's transport services
Crowdfunding the arts in South Africa
Rwanda targets knowledge economy
Why tech giants are investing in Africa
"If there is data, it's usually unreliable and dubious," he continues.
For example, in 2010 Ghana announced it had changed its base year for calculating gross domestic product (GDP) from 1993 to 2006, and overnight the country's GDP jumped 60%.
"Suddenly Ghana was much richer than we thought it was," explains Morten Jerven, author of Poor Numbers: How We Are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to Do about It.
Much of the problem, he says, is that African governments have not put statistics at the forefront of policy and institutional reform agendas, leaving the private sector and non-governmental organisations to fill in the gaps. Yet the uncoordinated demands and needs from both sectors have resulted in fragmented collection of data.
Africa's middle class is rapidly rising, fuelling the second fastest growing economic bloc in the world.
According to the World Bank's most recent Africa Pulse report, consumer spending accounted for more than 60% of sub-Saharan Africa's economic growth last year.
Companies are scrambling to get in on this growth, but one big barrier remains - how to gather reliable market information, insights and opinions from across the continent.
For many research firms, traditional data collection has involved sending a fleet of researchers out with pen and paper to all corners of a country.
But this is still the old-fashioned "Land Rover" methodology, says Nathan Eagle, founder and chief executive of Jana, a US-based company that powers one of the world's largest reward-for-survey platforms in emerging markets, mCent.
"You've got to get into an old Land Rover and head out into the field," he says, which is both expensive and time consuming. "[But] with the advent of mobile phones, that is shifting."
Jana's platform integrates directly into the billing systems of 237 mobile operators, enabling 3.48 billion people in emerging markets to be rewarded with airtime for taking part in surveys.
Users sign up for Jana through a mobile-friendly website or Facebook app, enter their information, and pick what surveys they qualify for. After completing the survey, airtime - ranging from 50 US cents to $5 (30p to £3) - is automatically credited to their phone.
The idea, says Mr Eagle, is to offer financial compensation for users that matches the valuable data they are offering to market research companies - data that would be much more expensive to obtain in other ways.
"We have millions of people across sub-Saharan Africa, and we're just scratching the surface here," he says. "We have far more supply than demand for market research."
Earlier this year, Jana helped CNN International to find out what Africans thought about the possibility of an African Pope. They surveyed 20,000 people across 11 countries over four days. (In case you're wondering, 51% felt an African Pope would be more conservative than previous Popes).
"It was an experiment for us," explains Peter Bale, vice president and general manager of CNN International Digital. "We're experiencing high rates of growth in CNN consumption in Africa, particularly through mobile devices. So we needed to look at how we tap into that.
"It's a proper means of exchange," he adds. "Fifty cents of airtime for six questions, and we got a tremendous flow of information."
Although Jana rewards users through mobile airtime, users need an internet connection to fill out the surveys. The vast majority of mobile phones in Africa are feature phones, which can access the internet, but are generally sluggish in browsing and have high data costs.
In most cases in Africa, Mr Eagle says, users pay to go to local internet cafes, which could also cost them part of their reward.
Yet another company is addressing this problem with a different approach.
BiNu, an Australian firm launched in 2011, is a platform that gives basic mobile feature phones essentially smartphone-like capabilities by offloading all the processing to a cloud-based server, which offers an app store.
"It's like your smartphone in the cloud," says Gour Lentell, BiNu's co-founder. This makes it cheaper and faster to browse on feature phones.
Through BiNu's "Research and Rewards" platform, customers are prompted to opt in to receive surveys and questionnaires, for which they are rewarded with BiNu "credits", convertible to music, books or airtime.
While this type of research could be, and is being, done via text message - through companies like GeoPoll - texts have their limitations.
"The predominant way you'd reach consumers in emerging markets is SMS, because it works on every phone," explains Mr Lentell. "But it's cumbersome and slow, and the types of questions you can post, length of text and methods of collection responses is limited."
Digital may be a fast and efficient way to collect and analyse big data on the continent, but is the data deep enough to replace the old Land Rover methodology?
It depends, says Jasper Grosskurth of Research Solutions Africa.
"The problem with [digital] panels and response rates is that often all you know about the respondents is gender, age, and location or country," he says. "So if I want to run a well-balanced, representative survey, that's tough. It's not as randomised."
Although digital is cheaper, and perhaps better for basic opinion polls - like thoughts on an African Pope - if you want to thoroughly evaluate a development project, for example, "it won't work".
Nevertheless, small and medium-sized businesses are keen to take advantage of the benefits that digital can offer.
"The average consumer in Kenya makes seven to eight payments a day, even the poorest ones," explains Dylan Higgins, chief executive of Kopo Kopo, a Kenya-based start-up. "Those transactions are happening, but they've largely been anonymous to date."
While companies like BiNu and Jana use mobile phones to help big brands find new information from potential or existing consumers, Kopo Kopo aims to find what data already exists, and make it available to local businesses.
M-Pesa, the mobile money service that launched in Kenya in 2007, now has more than 17 million users.
Kopo Kopo captures all of a firm's untracked M-Pesa transactions, and digitises them into a dashboard for business owners to better understand and engage with their customers.
Once businesses are aware of their customers' profiles and spending habits, they can engage with them through offers, rewards, surveys and more.
"A lot of global brands are entering the African market, but there are also a number of brands developing in this market that could become regional or global," says Mr Higgins.
"It's a democratising tool that levels the playing field. As much as I would love to work with the larger brands, why should they be the only ones who can afford to understand and engage their customers?"
[EX A]:
"One thing about data in Africa is that there's a huge lack of it," says Jasper Grosskurth, managing director of Research Solutions Africa, a pan-African research firm based in Nairobi, Kenya.

