Generate the answer for a given question. The question requires common knowledge of English. Make sure that the answer is in detail, long, consistent with the context, and requires general knowledge of English. To be less repetitive, please vary your language for each question. Give a proper explanation to answer, and if necessary, provide the definition of various terms. And conclude your answer if it's long. If you have used other resources (e.g., Merriam Webster's.) to answer the question, include citations in your answer. You don't need to paraphrase the context of your resources, but make sure that your answer is consistent and complete.

Possible Duplicate: 'Did it close' vs 'Has it closed'? As a English non-native speaker it is difficult for me to understand when I must use present perfect or past simple because in my official language there isn't the present perfect tense. I know that present perfect is related to something that happened in the past but its result is important now. But for instance: The message has been sent. The message was sent. Please help me point me out any examples/contexts where I should use 1. instead of 2.
1 means that the action happened just now. You would typically see it in your e-mail program just after you send an e-mail. Your program might give you this message to let you know that the message you just sent has indeed been sent. 2 refers to something that happened at some time in the past. It could have been an hour ago, a day ago, or even a century ago! But it wasn't just now.

Is there a term for a well informed person who is not believed, or not listened to, or is even ridiculed? I do not necessarily mean some one before their time... I am thinking in more general terms. (I have googled this but the question is too broad and has too many keywords and if I try to narrow it down I lose the original meaning.).
You could try Cassandra:- Greek Mythology A daughter of Priam, the king of Troy, endowed with the gift of prophecy but fated by Apollo never to be believed. One that utters unheeded prophecies. [American Heritage Dictionary] This would be particularly apposite if the person was something of a pessimist.

Is there a proverb that fits the following situation: John and Anderson (while walking): John: [sees a $100 bill lying in the road, and shouts] Yahoo! $100! Anderson: [takes the money and puts it into his pocket] Reflection: John exclaimed when he saw the money in the road, but he didn't try to take it. Anderson was smarter, as, when he saw John exclaiming, he took the money and put it into his pocket. Consequently, John now repents his foolish excitement. My question is, is there a proverb for such situations? EDIT: When I asked my friend, he suggested the following saying: 'Some feel the rain others just get wet.'.

you snooze, you lose informal if you do not pay attention and do something quickly, someone else will do it instead of you: Cambridge Dictionary If you wait too long to do something, that opportunity might become unavailable. Farlex Dictionary of Idioms John: Yahoo! $100! (Anderson takes the money) John: Hey, I saw it first! Anderson: You snooze, you lose.

