In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.

[Q]: After all, it was unusual for a prime minister to use the bully pulpit in India to exhort people to end this appalling practice and build more toilets.
A staggering 70% of Indians living in villages - or some 550 million people - defecate in the open. Even 13% of urban households  do so. Open defecation continues to be high despite decades of sustained economic growth - and despite the obvious and glaring health hazards.
The situation is so bad that open defecation is more common in India than in that are poorer countries such as Bangladesh, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Burundi and Rwanda.
But building toilets may not be enough to end open defecation in India, a new study has found.
A team of researchers asked people in 3,235 rural households in five north Indian states where they defecate and their attitudes to it.
Some 40% of Indians live in these states - Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. They also account for 45% of households without a toilet. Also, a third of all people worldwide who defecate in the open live in these five states.
The study found that people in households with working toilets continue to defecate in the open, and that toilets provided by the state are especially unlikely to be used.
"In short," the study says, "we find that many people have a revealed preference for open defecating such that merely providing latrine access without promoting latrine use is unlikely to importantly reduce open defecation."
The study found open defecation is very common, even in households with toilets. Toilet use did not necessarily increase with prosperity: in Haryana, one of India's richest states, most people in the villages continue to defecate in the open. Also, men living in households with toilets are more likely to defecate in the open than women.
Why do so many Indians still prefer not to use toilets, even if they are available?
The survey found a range of replies - most said they found it "pleasurable, comfortable, or convenient". Others said it "provides them an opportunity to take a morning walk, see their fields and take in the fresh air". Still others regarded open defecation as "part of a wholesome, healthy virtuous life".
"Building toilets is not enough. What you need is a widespread motivation and information campaign," says Dr Bindeshwar Pathak of Sulabh, a non-profit organisation which has built 1.3 million household toilets in villages.
MP and writer Shashi Tharoor says Indians also have a cultural problem  when it comes to sanitation: "We are a nation full of people who live in immaculate homes where we bathe twice a day, but think nothing of littering public spaces, spitting on walls, dumping garbage in the open and urinating and defecating in public, because those spaces are not 'ours'."
So how do you promote behavioural and cultural change?
India, researchers say, "needs a massive campaign to change sanitation preferences" and promote toilets by linking sanitation behaviour with health. One of the ways it can be done is by raising an army of sanitation workers and campaigners in the villages to spread the message.
Punishment can also help, within reason: In a part of Haryana where Sulabh has built 100 household toilets a village council chief fines people caught defecating in the open.
Imaginative designs could also help: Sulabh has designed an open roof toilet to incentivise men who feel claustrophobic in the confines of a toilet, although it is not clear how this will work in bitter winters or monsoons.
Women could possibly be persuaded to help with education efforts - studies show that they are likely to use toilets more than the men.
"I know of women in villages who stay up all night to take their daughters to defecate outside," says Dr Pathak.
Mr Modi has announced plans to build more than 100 million toilets in the country to end a shameful practice. But many believe the money will not be well spent unless it's accompanied by a massive awareness campaign, involving the government, non-profit groups and citizens.
[A]: When Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his  Independence Day speech, vowed to eliminate open defecation, India  took notice.


[Q]: First, it shows that building houses is more profitable than building shops - at least in some parts of the UK.
And second, that controversial supermarket "land banking" (buying up swathes of land for potential retail development) has largely run its course.
It is likely that other supermarkets will follow suit, releasing land for housing and smaller retail developments.
Which could be good news for a government keen to see lots more houses built.
I asked Alan Stewart, Tesco's chief financial officer, how many houses could be built.
"It certainly will be thousands, I think it will depend on council by council, site by site exactly what the development turns out to be," he said.
Sources close to the business tell me that as many as 10,000 homes could be built on the sites Tesco has just sold, from Bath to London and the south-east of England.
"These sites were all bought because we intended to put a store [in] and then develop residential around them," Mr Stewart told the BBC.
"We wanted to ensure that we would work with the communities and the council in order to develop and build housing and the other projects as quickly as possible and in a way that is sympathetic to the community."
The 14 sites sold are just a small part of the 49 projects Tesco announced earlier in the year it was abandoning.
The others remain largely unsold and derelict, leading to criticisms from local MPs such as Pat McFadden, MP for Wolverhampton South East, who said the local community felt let down.
I asked Mr Stewart if he had sympathy with the critics.
"Of course, and I think it's in these sort of sites and these communities [that] it's very difficult.
"These were difficult decisions we made [to abandon the developments].
"They weren't made without a lot of contemplation, a lot of thought and we'll do everything we can to try to get the developments that were expected in these areas, developed as quickly as possible.
As quickly as possible, yes, but Mr Stewart knows that selling lucrative sites in the south-east of England is somewhat easier than more marginal sites across the north of England, for example.
As yet, there is still no timeline for selling the rest of the sites, which for the moment will remain padlocked and unused.
[A]: This morning's announcement that Tesco is selling 14 former supermarket sites to a property developer is significant for two reasons.


[Q]: The sides were level when Tyrone reeled off seven unanswered points to lead 0-12 to 0-5 at the break.
Tiernan McCann's early second-half goal ended the game as a contest as the Red Hands booked a place in the final against Monaghan or Down on 16 July.
Michael Carroll scored the only goal for a Donegal team who never looked like avenging their 2016 final defeat.
Paddy McBrearty was the game's top-scorer with six points, while Niall Sludden with four points and McCann (1-1) were joint highest scorers for the victors, for whom 12 players contributed scores.
Tyrone have now reversed a run of four consecutive defeats by Donegal between 2011 and 2015 by winning the last two provincial championship meetings between the sides, thereby denying their big Ulster rivals a seventh successive Ulster final appearance.
Relive the action from the Clones semi-final as it happened
The first quarter of the game was evenly contested as two points apiece from McBrearty and Michael Murphy, his second a sensational score from long range, plus one from Martin Reilly, kept Donegal in contention.
The Red Hands matched the skill and intensity shown by their opponents in the early stages of a match played at a frenetic pace, with Sean Cavanagh seeing his right-foot drive well saved by Mark Anthony McGinley.
At the other end, Eoin McHugh fired wide of Niall Morgan's right-hand post with the goal seemingly at his mercy, a crucial miss for his side.
Tyrone dominated the remainder of the opening half, scoring seven points in a row, with nine players registering scores, including doubles for Peter Harte, Niall Sludden and man-of-the-match Padraig Hampsey.
Cavanagh was denied a goalscoring chance by the hand of Eamonn Doherty and then the Tyrone skipper landed his side's first free of the match before the break, his side's previous 11 points having come from open play.
Donegal, in contrast, were forced to introduce experienced hands Karl Lacey and Martin McElhinney from the bench prior to the interval in a bid to stem the tide.
Three minutes after the interval Mickey Harte's men emphasised their superiority when McCann's mis-hit shot found the back of the net after a surging run.
Mark Bradley received a black card for a foul on his marker as he made space to score a point but the holders continued to keep the scoreboard ticking over to consolidate their advantage.
Carroll rifled the ball home for Donegal just after the hour mark while McBrearty's finishing was one of the few positives from an otherwise hugely disappointing performance.
Tyrone could have added further three-pointers but Rory Brennan saw his effort well saved by McGinley and Ryan McHugh blocked substitute Darren McCurry's goal-bound shot on the line.
Tyrone: N Morgan; A McCrory, R McNamee, P Hampsey; T McCann, C McCarron, P Harte; C Cavanagh, C McCann; K McGeary, N Sludden, R Brennan; M Bradley, S Cavanagh, M Donnelly.
Donegal: M A McGinley; P McGrath, N McGee, E Ben Gallagher; R McHugh, F McGlynn, E Doherty, J McGee, C Thompson, M Carroll, M Reilly, J Brennan, P McBrearty, M Murphy, E McHugh.
Referee: David Gough (Meath)
Attendance: 22,609
[A]:
Tyrone stayed on course to retain their Ulster SFC title by outclassing Donegal in a one-sided semi-final at Clones.


