Problem: Process:  - A photovoltaic cell is created with two layers of semiconductor material - The top layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; with impurities to allow a negative charge - The bottom layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; to allow for a positive charge - This produces an electric field that allows electrons to flow from negative to positve - Sunlight enters the cell - Energy from sunlight knocks electrons loose in both fields - This prevents the flow of electrons from negative to positive - Adding an external circuit allows the exchange to continue - Give the cells owner a flow of electricity.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less solar power being generated happens, how will it affect LESS solar power being generated.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - You plant vegetable seeds in the ground - You water the seeds - You wait for the seeds to sprout - You keep the area free of pests and weeds while the plants grow - You thin out the plants as they get bigger to give them space to grow - You remove the vegetables from the plants when they are ripe.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less vegetables grown happens, how will it affect more seeds sprouted.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - A forest fire starts - The trees and plants burn - The animals lose their homes - If the animals can not escape, they may die from smoke inhalation - The plants that provide food are gone - The animals have little to eat -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the weather is dry and windy happens, how will it affect more animals die from smoke inhalation.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Bats and other animals produce a high-pitched tone - The sound travels in waves, as sound does - The sound 'bounces' off of a nearby object - The sound wave returns to the bat - The bat hears the echoed sound - Folds in the bat's ear and adaptations in the bat's brain enable it to determine the size, shape, and position of the other object via the properties of the returned sound waves - Other animals use echolocation in generally similar ways -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the location is quiet happens, how will it affect the bat has a lower perception of the sound waves.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
yes