Q: Process:  - A photovoltaic cell is created with two layers of semiconductor material - The top layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; with impurities to allow a negative charge - The bottom layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; to allow for a positive charge - This produces an electric field that allows electrons to flow from negative to positve - Sunlight enters the cell - Energy from sunlight knocks electrons loose in both fields - This prevents the flow of electrons from negative to positive - Adding an external circuit allows the exchange to continue - Give the cells owner a flow of electricity.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there will be less work to clean the dishes happens, how will it affect LESS solar power being generated.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: no


Question: Process:  - The human body takes a breath inward - Air is transported to the lungs - Air reaches the alveoli, the smallest air sacs in the lungs - In the alveoli, air passes into the blood within small capillaries - The gaseous oxygen in the air dissolves into the capillary blood - The dissolved oxygen is picked-up by red blood cells - The red blood cells bind the oxygen via a protein called heme - Red blood cells circulate throughout the body and reach the various tissues - Within small capillaries, the heme release the oxygen - The oxygen can then reach the cells within the tissue -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the lungs arent working properly happens, how will it affect "LESS oxygen being brought to the bodys cells".  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes


[Q]: Process:  - A photovoltaic cell is created with two layers of semiconductor material - The top layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; with impurities to allow a negative charge - The bottom layer are &#x27;doped&#x27; to allow for a positive charge - This produces an electric field that allows electrons to flow from negative to positve - Sunlight enters the cell - Energy from sunlight knocks electrons loose in both fields - This prevents the flow of electrons from negative to positive - Adding an external circuit allows the exchange to continue - Give the cells owner a flow of electricity.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less solar power being generated happens, how will it affect LESS solar power being generated.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
****
[A]: yes


input: Please answer the following: Process:  - The nuclei of some atoms have too few or too many neutrons - The atoms become unstable - The atoms split - In alpha decay, two protons and two neutrons are released from the atom - In beta decay, a neutron changes into a proton and an electron - The proton joins the nucleus of the atom - The electron is released -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less atoms have the right amount of neutrons happens, how will it affect MORE radioactive decay occurring.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++
output: yes


Please answer this: Process:  - Determine the weather where you are going - Pack essential items in your suitcase such as underwear/socks - Pack weather appropriate clothing in the suitcase - Always bring a jacket or two - Always bring one semi-formal outfit for a nice dinner - Zip up the bag and be ready to go.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose you spend more time watching TV happens, how will it affect you will pack be less prepared.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++
Answer: yes


Question: Process:  - The kidneys receive blood through the renal artery - The blood is passed through the nephrons in the kidneys - The kidneys filter the waste from the blood - The clean blood is circulated out of the kidneys - Excess water and waste is expelled from the kidneys in the form of urine.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the body is unable to filter urine happens, how will it affect MORE waste being removed from the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer:
yes