input question: Process:  - Plants and animals long ago died - They are buried under layers of soil - Pressure builds over time - The remains liquefy - The carbon atoms rearrange to become a new substance.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose using less coal happens, how will it affect MORE oil.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: no

input question: Process:  - There is a fetus in the womb - They are born and are a baby - The baby grows into a child - Puberty turns the child into an adolescent - The adolescent becomes an adult - An adult becomes an elderly person - The elderly person dies.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose no abortion is performed happens, how will it affect MORE babies.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: yes

input question: Process:  - Magma is formed when rock melts inside the Earth&#x27;s crust - Magma rises - Collects inside magma chambers underneath a volcano - Pressure builds in the magma chambers as they fill - Gain energy for eruption - Some of the energy is converted into seismic activity (earthquakes) - If the magma building in the volcano is thick and sticky it will trap gases - Results in an explosive eruption when the pressure becomes too intense - If the magma is thin and runs - The magma results in a low-pressure, slow-moving flow of magma instead of a violent eruption -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is more pressure happens, how will it affect the  the magma building in the volcano less sticky.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: yes

input question: Process:  - Batteries are put in a flashlight - The flashlight is turned on - Two contact strips touch one another - A circuit is completed between the batteries and the lamp - The lamp in the flashlight begins to glow - The reflector in the flashlight directs the lamp's beam - A straight beam of light is generated - The flashlight is turned off - The circuit is broken - The beam is no longer visible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the air is contaminated happens, how will it affect less power for flashlight.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer:
no