Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Saliva Saliva is essentially (95.5 percent) water. The remaining 4.5 percent is a complex mixture of ions, glycoproteins, enzymes, growth factors, and waste products. Perhaps the most important ingredient in salvia from the perspective of digestion is the enzyme salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates. Food does not spend enough time in the mouth to allow all the carbohydrates to break down, but salivary amylase continues acting until it is inactivated by stomach acids. Bicarbonate and phosphate ions function as chemical buffers, maintaining saliva at a pH between 6.35 and 6.85. Salivary mucus helps lubricate food, facilitating movement in the mouth, bolus formation, and swallowing. Saliva contains immunoglobulin A, which prevents microbes from penetrating the epithelium, and lysozyme, which makes saliva antimicrobial. Saliva also contains epidermal growth factor, which might have given rise to the adage “a mother’s kiss can heal a wound. ” Each of the major salivary glands secretes a unique formulation of saliva according to its cellular makeup. For example, the parotid glands secrete a watery solution that contains salivary amylase. The submandibular glands have cells similar to those of the parotid glands, as well as mucus-secreting cells. Therefore, saliva secreted by the submandibular glands also contains amylase but in a liquid thickened with mucus. The sublingual glands contain mostly mucous cells, and they secrete the thickest saliva with the least amount of salivary amylase.   Q: Arguably the most important ingredient in saliva for digestion is a type of what, which initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates?   Choices:  - amino  - genes  - fatty  - enzyme  A:
enzyme
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Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Figure 2.13 Oil and water do not mix. As this macro image of oil and water shows, oil does not dissolve in water but forms droplets instead. This is due to it being a nonpolar compound. (credit: Gautam Dogra).   Q: What does oil do when mixed with water?   Choices:  - dissolves  - precipitates  - dissappears  - forms droplets  A:
forms droplets
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Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The three types of muscles in the body include skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.   Q: Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal are all types of what?   Choices:  - hormones  - bone  - teeth  - muscle  A:
muscle
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Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Sediments are deposited in many different types of environments. Beaches and deserts collect large deposits of sand. Sediments also continuously wind up at the bottom of the ocean and in lakes, ponds, rivers, marshes, and swamps. Avalanches produce large piles of sediment. The environment where the sediments are deposited determines the type of sedimentary rock that can form.   Q: Beaches and deserts collect large deposits of what?   Choices:  - animals  - plants  - water  - sand  A:

sand
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