Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Non-shockable rhythms represent an increasing proportion of reported cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest but with an associated poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen inhalation on cardiac and neurological function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and compared the therapeutic benefit with hypothermia in an asphyxial rat model of cardiac arrest.', 'Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated after 5 min of untreated asphyxial cardiac arrest. Animals were randomly assigned to three experimental groups immediately after successful resuscitation: ventilation with 2% hydrogen/98% oxygen under normothermia (H2 inhalation), ventilation with 2% nitrogen/98% oxygen under normothermia (Control), and ventilation with 2% nitrogen/98% oxygen under hypothermia (TH). Mixed gas inhalation continued for 1 h while hypothermia continued for 2\u200ah. Animals were observed up to 96\u200ah for assessment of survival and neurologic recovery.', 'No statistical differences in baseline measurements were observed among groups and all the animals were successfully resuscitated. Serum cardiac troponin T and S100B measured during earlier post-resuscitation period were markedly reduced in both H2 inhalation and hypothermic groups. However, significantly better left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac work, and neurological deficit score were observed in the H2 inhalation group. Ninety-six hours survival rate was significantly higher in the H2 inhalation group (75.0%), either compared with TH (45.8%) or compared with Control (33.3%). But there was no statistical difference between TH and Control.
Answer: Small amounts of inhaled hydrogen were superior to mild hypothermia in improving cardiac function and neurological outcome in this asphyxial rat model of cardiac arrest.
Is hydrogen Inhalation Superior to Mild Hypothermia in Improving Cardiac Function and Neurological Outcome in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model of Rats?

Context: Chlorophyll b is a major photosynthetic pigment in green plants that is synthesized by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). The regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis is an important determinant for the antenna size of photosystems. Chlorophyll b synthesis is partly regulated on a transcriptional level by the expression of the CAO gene. In addition, the synthesis of chlorophyll b is strictly regulated on a protein level by the stability of the CAO enzyme. CAO consists of three domains, which are sequentially named from the N terminus as the A, B and C domains. The A domain of CAO participates in the regulation of the CAO protein stability.', 'In order to clarify the physiological function of the A domain, we constructed transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants which either overexpressed the complete CAO or a truncated version of CAO lacking the A domain. The transgenic plants overexpressing the A-domain-deleted CAO accumulated an excess amount of chlorophyll b during greening. The transgenic plants which lacked the A domain either died or were obviously retarded when they were exposed to continuous light immediately after etiolation. In addition, the loss of the A domain in CAO impaired another step of chlorophyll biosynthesis, namely the conversion of divinyl-protochlorophyllide a to monovinyl protochlorophyllide a under dark conditions.
Answer: The A domain of CAO regulates the level of CAO, and thus prevents the excess accumulation of chlorophyll b. This function of the A domain is especially important during the greening stage of etiolated seedlings. At this stage, the plants are vulnerable to photodamages which could be caused by excessive chlorophyll b accumulation. In addition, de-regulation of the CAO level affects monovinyl-protochlorophyllide biosynthesis in darkness by unknown mechanisms. In conclusion, the A domain of CAO is essential in the control of chlorophyll biosynthesis and in the survival of seedlings during de-etiolation especially under strong illumination.
Does loss of the N-terminal domain of chlorophyllide a oxygenase induce photodamage during greening of Arabidopsis seedlings?

Context: The mechanism by which low dose methotrexate (MTX, the gold standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is still debated. Lately, the MTX immunosuppressive effect has been related to apoptosis, especially in active RA patients, with ROS involvement.', 'In the present research we investigated MTX oxidative effect and its ability to modulate immune balance in active versus non-active RA patients.', 'Our results show that MTX induces IL-10 secretion (a TH2 cytokine) and significantly reduces TH1 profile in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells (PMNC) derived from active RA patients (n=28). Additionally, we found that MTX modulates the immune status towards TH2 dominance by decreasing the IL-12R and the CXCR3 receptors typical for the TH1 population. Moreover, MTX was found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in these patients, a phenomenon that might contribute to MTX action toward cytokine homeostasis. A significant correlation was found between MTX IL-10 induction and NO inhibition in active RA patients.
Answer: Our data suggest that, in active RA patients, apoptosis induction by MTX may be primarily due to IL-10 production via modulation of oxidative stress, which may restore the critically important immune balance. These findings may contribute to determining which group of RA patients may better respond to MTX therapy.

Does methotrexate selectively modulate TH1/TH2 balance in active rheumatoid arthritis patients?

