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Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by Abeta(25-35) in mice.', 'Aggregated Abeta(25-35) (3 nmol) was intracerebroventricularly administered to mice. Treatment with silibinin (2, 20 and 200 mg.kg(-1), once a day, p.o.) was started immediately after the injection of Abeta(25-35). Locomotor activity was evaluated 6 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment, and cognitive function was evaluated in a Y-maze and novel object recognition tests 6-11 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment. The levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus were measured 7 days after the Abeta(25-35) injection.', 'Silibinin prevented the memory impairment induced by Abeta(25-35) in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus.
Does silibinin prevent amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice?

n-3 Fatty acids lower plasma triacylglycerols not only in the fasting state but also in the postprandial state. However, it is not known whether chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, and VLDLs are all affected equally or whether some lipoprotein species are lowered preferentially.', 'Lipoproteins, including large and small chylomicron remnants, were determined specifically with the aid of a newly developed method involving a combination of size-exclusion chromatography and fluorometric determination of retinyl palmitate, which served as a marker for exogenous fat.', 'Twelve hypertriacylglycerolemic men were treated for 6 wk with 4 capsules containing 85% fish-oil concentrate/d; each capsule contained 850 mg n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (49.1% eicosapentaenoic acid by wt and 32.2% docosahexaenoic acid by wt). Oral-fat-tolerance tests were performed before and after the treatment. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and until 8 h postprandially.', 'Treatment with n-3 fatty acids reduced the fasting VLDL-triacylglycerol concentration by 44% (P < 0.05) and postprandial chylomicrons and VLDLs at 4, 6, and 8 h (P < 0.05) by 49-64% and 36-43%, respectively. Chylomicron remnants were reduced only in the late postprandial phase: large chylomicron remnants by 19% at 6 h and by 43% at 8 h (P < 0.05) and small chylomicron remnants by 31% at 8 h (P < 0.05).
Are postprandial chylomicrons and VLDLs in severe hypertriacylglycerolemia lowered more effectively than are chylomicron remnants after treatment with n-3 fatty acids?

5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been used for the treatment of skin photoaging. It can significantly improve the appearance of fine lines, dotted pigmentation, and roughness of photoaged skin. However, the mechanisms by which ALA-PDT yields rejuvenating effects on photoaged skin have not been well elucidated. Thus, in this study we explored the effects of ALA-PDT in photoaged fibroblasts.', 'We established a stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model by repeated exposures of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Cells were irradiated by red light laser at 635nm wavelength (50mW/cm(2)). Intracellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was detected by confocal microscopy. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change were detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Morphological changes were observed by optical microscopy. Proliferative activity was measured by a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescence microscopy using Hoechst staining and flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium Iodide double staining.', 'Intracellular PpIX fluorescence in UVB-induced premature senescent HDFs (UVB-SIPS-HDFs) reached the highest intensity after incubation with 1.00mmol/L ALA for 6h (P<0.05). Compared with control group, intracellular ROS level, MMP, and apoptotic rate were increased (P<0.05) and proliferative activity was decreased (P<0.05) in UVB-SIPS-HDFs treated with ALA-PDT, which were positively correlated to ALA incubation time and red light laser dose.

Does aLA-PDT elicit oxidative damage and apoptosis in UVB-induced premature senescence of human skin fibroblasts?

