Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: The treatment of choice for aortic valve insufficiency due to root dilatation has become root replacement with aortic valve sparing. However, root replacement with a synthetic graft may result in altered valve stresses. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress/strain patterns in the spared aortic valve in different root replacement procedures by means of finite element modeling.', 'Our finite element model of the normal human root and valve was modified to simulate and evaluate three surgical techniques: (1) "cylindrical" graft sutured below the valve at the anulus, (2) "tailored" graft sutured just above the valve, and (3) "pseudosinus" graft, tailored and sutured below the valve at the anulus. Simulated diastolic pressures were applied, and stresses and strains were calculated for the valve, root, and graft. Leaflet coaptation was also quantified.', 'All three root replacement models demonstrated significantly altered leaflet stress patterns as compared with normal patterns. The cylindrical model showed the greatest increases in stress (16%-173%) and strain (10%-98%), followed by the tailored model (stress +10%-157%, strain +9%-36%). The pseudosinus model showed the smallest increase in stress (9%-28%) and strain (2%-31%), and leaflet coaptation was closest to normal.

A: 1
****
Q: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a complex mechanism involving several mediators, and different hemodynamic forces. Temporally distinct FMD patterns can be elicited by ischemic stimulus. Some subjects dilate early after cuff release, while others dilate later or do not dilate at all. Aim of the present research was to verify if hemorheological and hemodynamic factors might influence different FMD pattern.', '148 free-living subjects were studied. FMD was measured at 50 s, 2 min and 3 min. Blood viscosity was measured and shear stress calculated. Shear stress stimulus was quantified as the area under the curve after ischemia (SSAUC) over the first 40-s post-occlusion.', 'Based on the timing or absence of arterial dilation, 82 subjects were classified as Early dilators, 37 as Late dilators and 29 as No dilators. Peak FMD was 7.9 ± 4.3 % in Early dilators, and 9.1 ± 5.7 in Late dilators (p = NS). SSAUC was not significantly different among three groups, while blood viscosity was significantly higher in Late FMD subjects. Regression analyses showed the independent predictive role of age and blood viscosity on FMD patterns, and the lack of any association between FMD pattern and the magnitude of SS.

A: 1
****
Q: In CV-1 cells, shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (TRbeta1, TR) is shown in this report to be regulated by extracellular thyroid hormone at a hormone receptor on cell surface integrin alphav3.', 'The receptor was introduced into cells as a GFP-TR1 chimera and intracellular movement of the receptor was monitored by confocal microscopy of cells treated with L-thyroxine (T(4)).

A:
0
****
