instruction:
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those cases, please generate all such options separated by a comma (e.g. "A, B" is a valid answer). Do not generate anything else apart from one or more of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D', etc.
question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: Enter the Shoguns: Japan's austere, ruthless, but statesmanlike new ruler, Yoritomo Minamoto, set up his government in Kamakura (just south of modern Tokyo), well away from the "softening" influence of court life that had been the undoing of his predecessor, Kiyomori.
Sent 2: First of the national rulers to take the title of sei-i tai-shogun ("barbarian-subduing great general"), Minamoto expanded and consolidated his power by confiscating lands from some of the defeated Taira and redistributing them to his samurai vassals.
Sent 3: Minamoto died in 1199, and the feudal structure passed intact to the tutelage of his widow's family, the Hojo, who were content to play regent to a figurehead shogun, in much the same way as the Fujiwara had done with the emperor.
Sent 4: The fiction of Japanese imperial power had become infinitely extendable.
Sent 5: The emperor at Kyoto — still seconded by a Fujiwara regent at court — legitimized a Minamoto who was himself a military dictator controlled by a Hojo regent.
Sent 6: In a country where form and substance were inextricably interrelated, two things counted in politics: symbolic authority and real power.
Sent 7: Neither could exist without the other.
Sent 8: A thwarted Mongol invasion in 1274 weakened the Kamakura regime.
Sent 9: The fighting brought none of the usual spoils of war that provincial warlords and samurai had come to expect as payment.
Sent 10: And the treasury was empty after earthquake, famine, and plague had crippled the economy.
Sent 11: Buddhist monasteries were using their private armies to support imperial ambitions to bring power back to Kyoto.
Sent 12: Worst of all, the Kamakura warriors, resenting the way the Kyoto court referred to them as "Eastern barbarians," sought refinement in a ruinous taste for luxury: extravagant feasts, rich costumes, and opulent homes.
Sent 13: Kamakura was falling apart. 
Question: How did Minamoto expand his power? (A) Softening influence of court life (B) By confiscating lands from some of the defeated Taira and redistributing them to his samurai vassals (C) By invading other territories (D) By setting up set up a government in Kamakura (E) With help from private Buddhist monastery armies.
answer:
B.


question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: To protect its seagoing interests and trade routes, Portugal established strategic garrisons in Goa (India), Malacca (East Indies), and Hormuz in the Persian Gulf.
Sent 2: Portuguese explorers then embarked upon Macau (now Macao), the Congo, and various other parts of Africa, including the Sudan.
Sent 3: The Portuguese policy was to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations.
Sent 4: To this end it succeeded with relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history.
Sent 5: Adventures abroad, however, proved disastrous during the second half of the 16th century.
Sent 6: In 1557 the 14-year-old boy-king Sebastião ascended the throne, the beginning of a calamitous reign that was to end at the battle of Alcacer-Quiber (Morocco) in pursuit of a vain crusade.
Sent 7: Sebastião's untimely demise, alongside some 18,000 ill-prepared, badly led followers, set the stage for a crisis of succession.
Sent 8: For many years afterwards, legends and rumors bizarrely insisted that the king was still alive, and imposters turned up from time to time claiming the throne; those who were plausible enough to be deemed a threat were summarily executed.
Sent 9: In fact, the only rightful claimant to the crown was the elderly Prince Henry.
Sent 10: But after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed, he died, heirless.
Sent 11: Surveying the situation and smelling an opportunity, Spain occupied the power vacuum, and Portugal's neighbor and long-time antagonist became its master.
Sent 12: Spanish rule dictated Portugal's inadvertent involvement in Spain's ongoing wars.
Sent 13: In 1587 a squadron of British ships commanded by Francis Drake attacked the Algarve (now a "legitimate target" as Spanish territory) and sacked Sagres, thus depriving the world of the relics of Henry the Navigator.
Sent 14: Nine years later Faro was torched.
Sent 15: The 1386 Treaty of Windsor, by which Britain and Portugal had pledged eternal friendship, seemed a distant memory.
Sent 16: Portugal's empire was gradually eroded, and many of its trading posts (with the notable exception of Brazil) were picked off by the British and Dutch.
Sent 17: Finally, after 60 years of Spanish rule, Portuguese noblemen (aided by the French, then at war with Spain) organized a palace coup and restored independence.
Sent 18: The Great Disaster Portugal's greatest misfortune struck on All Saint's Day, 1 November 1755. 
Question: Who died after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed? (A) Francis Drake (B) SebastiÃ£oâs (C) Prince Henry.
answer:
C.


question:
Paragraph- Sent 1: Relying on an animal to come by is risky.
Sent 2: A flower may have to wait a long time for the right animals to come by.
Sent 3: What if one never passes close enough to the flower?
Sent 4: Hoping the wind will blow is also risky for a plant.
Sent 5: What if the wind does not blow?
Sent 6: What if the blowing pollen does not land on another flower?
Sent 7: The wind could even blow the pollen over the ocean where it is wasted.
Sent 8: Giving free nectar is costly.
Sent 9: It is not a good use of the plants energy.
Sent 10: A plant uses a lot of energy to produce nectar.
Sent 11: Some animals may just drink the nectar.
Sent 12: They may not carry off any pollen in return.
Sent 13: To improve their chances, plants evolved special traits.
Sent 14: For example, they developed ways to hide their nectar.
Sent 15: Only certain animals were able to get at the plants hidden nectar.
Sent 16: These specific animals might be more likely to visit only flowers of the same species.
Sent 17: This was also a benefit for some animals.
Sent 18: Animals also evolved special traits to get to the nectar. 
Question: How do animals pose a threat to pollination? (A) They block the wind (B) Don't take pollen to another plant (C) They adapted (D) They may drink the nectar or not carry off pollen from the plant in return (E) Animals just eat the pollen (F) Drink nectar without transferring pollen (G) They may not carry off any pollen in return (H) They trample plants.
answer:

B, D, F, G.


