Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether chiropractic manipulation is associated with any measurable changes in the difference between the arterial blood pressures on the left and right before and after treatment in normotensive subjects.', 'A nonrandomized, matched pair, controlled clinical trial, with the treatment (manipulation) group and control (resting) group matched for age and sex, was performed in chiropractic student clinics in London, UK. The treatment group consisted of 35 new patients presenting to a single student chiropractor between the start of April 2003 and the end of August 2003. The control group consisted of 35 nonpatients matched for sex and age. The intervention was chiropractic manipulation. Preintervention and postintervention systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in both arms through the use of a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer.', "A significant difference was found between the pre- and posttreatment blood pressure differences for systolic pressures (P = .01), but no significant difference was found in either set of control data or the treatment diastolic values. A significant difference was also found between the treatment and control group's preintervention systolic differences (P = .002), but not between the groups at any other time.
Does chiropractic manipulation affect the difference between arterial systolic blood pressures on the left and right in normotensive subjects?

Angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling has been implicated in cardiac arrhythmogenesis, which involves induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was shown that Ang II can activate Ca/Calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) by oxidation via a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent pathway leading to increased arrhythmic afterdepolarizations. Interestingly, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) which regulates similar targets as CaMKII has recently been shown to be redox-sensitive as well.', 'This study aims to investigate the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying Ang II-related cardiac arrhythmias with an emphasis on the individual contribution of PKA vs. CaMKII.', 'Isolated ventricular cardiac myocytes from rats and mice were used. Ang II exposure resulted in increased NOX2-dependent ROS generation assessed by expression of redox-sensitive GFP and in myocytes loaded with ROS indicator MitoSOX. Whole cell patch clamp measurements showed that Ang II significantly increased peak Ca and Na current (ICa and INa) possibly by enhancing steady-state activation of ICa and INa. These effects were absent in myocytes lacking functional NOX2 (gp91phox(-/-)). In parallel experiments using PKA inhibitor H89, the Ang II effects on peak INa and ICa were also absent. In contrast, genetic knockout of CaMKIIδ (CaMKIIδ(-/-)) did not influence the Ang II-dependent increase in peak ICa and INa. On the other hand, Ang II enhanced INa inactivation, increased late INa and induced diastolic SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) Ca leak (confocal Ca spark measurements) in a CaMKIIδ-, but not PKA-dependent manner. Surprisingly, only the increase in diastolic SR Ca leak was absent in gp91phox(-/-)myocytes suggesting that Ang II regulates INa inactivation in a manner dependent on CaMKII- but not on NOX2. Finally, we show that Ang II increased the propensity for cellular arrhythmias, for which PKA and CaMKII contribute, both dependent on NOX2.
Does nADPH oxidase 2 mediate angiotensin II-dependent cellular arrhythmias via PKA and CaMKII?

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass frequently require transfusion of homologous blood products and, therefore, are exposed to the risk of transfusions. Autologous platelet-rich plasma administration may reduce homologous transfusion and attendant risks.', 'In a blinded, randomized fashion, patients undergoing repeat sternotomy and valvular surgery received either a sham product (n = 28) or autologous platelet-rich plasma (n = 28) at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass. Perioperative blood loss, coagulation profiles, and transfusion requirements were compared between the two groups.', 'In the first 24 h postoperatively, both the platelet-rich plasma and sham groups received a median of 10.5 units of homologous blood products. Total median perioperative homologous transfusion requirements were 13 and 11.5 units for the platelet-rich plasma and sham groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in intraoperative or postoperative bleeding between the groups.

Does autologous platelet-rich plasma reduce transfusion of homologous blood products in patients undergoing repeat valvular surgery?

