Problem: Given the question: Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "what is lean manufacturing and who developed?";  Answer: "Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) (hence the term Toyotism is also prevalent) and identified as "Lean" only in the 1990s."? Topic:
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The answer is:
Lean manufacturing

input question: Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "what is endodontic dentistry?";  Answer: "Endodontics (from the Greek endo "inside"; and odons "tooth") is one of the dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association , Royal College of Dentists of Canada , and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons , and deals with the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth ."? Topic:???
output answer: Endodontics

Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "when did the cold war start?";  Answer: "The Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc , dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the Eastern Bloc , dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact ."? Topic:
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Answer: Cold War

Q: Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "when was Pope Benedict XVI elected??";  Answer: "Benedict was elected on 19 April 2005 in a papal conclave , celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass on 24 April 2005, and took possession of his cathedral, the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran , on 7 May 2005."? Topic:
A: Pope Benedict XVI

Question: Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "how many seasons of grey's anatomy are there?";  Answer: "On May 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 27, 2012."? Topic:
Answer: Grey's Anatomy

Please answer this: Determine the topic of the question-answer pair. Question: "what composer used sound mass?";  Answer: "The use of "chords approaching timbres" begins with Debussy and Edgard Varèse often carefully scored individual instrumental parts so that they would fuse into one ensemble timbre or sound mass (Erickson 1975, pp. 18 and 21)."? Topic:
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Answer:
Sound mass