Detailed Instructions: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
See one example below:
Problem: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Solution: 1
Explanation: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.

Problem: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) regulates thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA stability. The aim of the present study was to analyze hnRNP K and TP expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic potential of these two markers.', "We analyzed hnRNP K and TP expression immunohistochemically in 121 clinically proven NPC cases. Statistical analyses were applied to correlate cytoplasmic hnRNP K with elevated TP expression and determine the prognostic significance of these parameters. The therapeutic implication of elevated TP expression was determined by measuring sensitivity of NPC cells to the TP-targeting drug, 5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine (5'-DFUR).", "There was a high correlation between cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP (P < 0.001). Both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP were associated with poor overall survival (OS; P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively) of NPC patients. A multivariate analysis confirmed that both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are independent prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively). NPC cells expressing high TP were more sensitive to treatment with the TP-targeting drug, 5'-DFUR.
Solution:
1