Write a phrase, the answer to which is present in the passage. The answer to this question should be completely and unambiguously found in the passage. The query must be about a single or multiple linked entities. 
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Question: Water Efficiency. 1  Design for dual plumbing to use recycled water for toilet flushing or a gray water system that recovers rainwater or other nonpotable water for site irrigation. 2  Minimize wastewater by using ultra low-flush toilets, low-flow shower heads, and other water conserving fixtures.  costs Natural Strategies LLC . Materials Efficiency Efficient use of building materials & land Economic benefits   Initial costs  “Right-sizing” of infrastructure and mechanical systems  Optimum value engineering (OVE)   labor & materials in foundations. Green buildings are designed in such a way to reduce overall impact on environment and human health by: 1  Reducing trash, pollution and degradation of environment. 2  Efficiently using energy, water and other resources. 3  Protecting occupant health and improving productivity. The commercial buildings sector boasts the most explosive growth in green building. In 2010, a third of all new commercial construction was green, amounting to a $54 billion market for commercial green buildings. By 2015, green buildings in the commercial sector are expected to triple, accounting for $120 billion to $145 billion in new construction and $14 billion to $18 billion in major retrofit and renovation projects. Enhance existing ecology: Green buildings often are constructed on previously developed property, with measures taken to restore plant life to building sites by decreasing the site area used for parking, or through the use of green roofs, which provide a more ecologically friendly alternative to conventional roofing systems. Economic benefits of green buildings highlighted by Sara Bean • Environment, Knowledge, News, Property Green buildings can be delivered at a price comparable to conventional buildings, with investments recouped through operational cost savings and, with the right design features, create a more productive workplace, says the World Green Building Council (WorldGBC). Economic Benefits of Green Building Design and Construction A primer for builders and project managers Green building - also known as sustainable or high performance building - is the practice of: Protecting and restoring human health and the environment, throughout the building life-cycle: siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. cost savings for energy, water, maintenance and repair, and churn. Sections 2.6 and 2.7 discuss the. indirect benefits of sustainable buildings for building owners, and Section 2.8 discusses the indirect. benefits of sustainable buildings for society. Today, I will focus more on the economic benefits of green buildings and why it is beneficial to invest in green building technology. There are a wide variety of economic benefits of green buildings. In today’s blog post, I will elaborate on three different aspects of economic benefits from green buildings. Firstly, green buildings help to save costs. This can be further divided into construction and operating costs. It is a myth that the construction of a green building costs more than a normal one.

Answer: economic benefits of green buildings


Question: It can take two forms: caustic gouging or caustic cracking, also called caustic embrittlement. Caustic attack or caustic corrosion, is often encountered in phosphate treated boilers in which deposits of phosphates or other ‘scale’ occur in high heat transfer areas. Boiler water can permeate the porous deposit resulting in localize corrosion. #5. Boiler water pH and PO4 levels need to be in balance, a balance moreover that depends on the operating pressure. In the drum the concentration of chemicals is usually higher than in the boiler feedwater, especially for those (added) compounds that aren't taken out by the steam. water treatment, causing highly alkaline conditions. In boilers, the source of this corrosion is excessive use of hydrazine, or leaking internal de-super-heater elements in boiler drums, which allow alkaline Phosphates-dispersants, polyphosphates-dispersants (softening chemicals): reacting with the alkalinity of boiler water, these products neutralize the hardness of water by forming tricalcium phosphate, and insoluble compound that can be disposed and blow down on a continuous basis or periodically through the bottom of the boiler. Boiler water carryover. Boiler water carryover is the contamination of steam with boiler water solids. Common causes of boiler water carryover are: Bubbles or foam form on the surface of the boiler water and leave with the steam. This is due to high concentrations of insoluble or soluble solids in the boiler water. Criteria: The following criteria for total phosphorus were recommended by US EPA (1986): 1  1. no more than 0.1 mg/L for streams which do not empty into reservoirs, 2  2. no more than 0.05 mg/L for streams discharging into reservoirs, and. 3  3. no more than 0.025 mg/L for reservoirs. Boiler water. Boiler water is the liquid phase of steam within a boiler. The term may also be applied to raw water intended for use in boilers, treated boiler feedwater, steam condensate being returned to a boiler, or boiler blowdown being removed from a boiler. Ph And Phosphate Concentration In Bfw And Steam Drum - posted in Industrial Professionals: Boiler feed water (BFW) pH is to be maintained in the range of 8.0 to 9.5(guidelines) where as in steam drum pH maintaining guidelines is in the range of 9.5 to 11.0. Pressure of steam drum is 34 barg. In general, softening chemicals (phosphates, soda ash, caustic, etc.) are added directly to the fee-water at a point near the entrance to the boiler drum. They may also be fed through a separate line discharging in the feed-water drum of the boiler. Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Part I): Why Water Treatment is Necessary Contents. Water for boilers; Impurities in water; Boiler feedwater; Purity requirements of feedwater; Boiler deposits; Corrosion; Boiler water carryover; Water for boilers. All natural waters contain varying amounts of suspended and dissolved matter as well as dissolved gases.

Answer: effect of phosphate in boiler water


Question: The increase in the orographic enhancement factor from cloud seeding does not fully compensate for the continuing decrease from air pollution. Cloud seeding for rain enhancement is aimed at accelerating the conversion of cloud droplets into precipitation particles, whereas air pollution has the opposite effect of suppressing the coalescence of cloud droplets into raindrops and the formation of ice hydrometeors. The Asian brown cloud is created by a range of airborne particles and pollutants from combustion (e.g., woodfires, cars, and factories), biomass burning and industrial processes with incomplete burning. The cloud is associated with the winter monsoon (November/December to April) during which there is no rain to wash pollutants from the air. Topographic cross section showing the effects of urban air pollution on precipitation as the clouds move from the California coast east to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Maritime air (zone 1) is polluted over the coastal and Central Valley urban areas (zones 2, 3): no precipitation decrease occurs. The seeding effect might still persist there, but it is not associated with a decreasing trend of the unseeded conditions. It is apparent that the effects of cloud seeding and air pollution in the low-elevation areas are more limited because of the lack of an orographic enhancement to the rainfall. Air Pollution/Smog: This encompasses many greenhouse gases. Emissions from traffic and manufacturing plants form smog as UV radiation and heat cause the necessary chemical reactions to take place. As a result, the amounts of UV radiation reaching the surface is smaller under these conditions. Scientists call airborne particles of any sort — human-produced or natural — aerosols. The simplest effect of increasing aerosols is to increase clouds. To form clouds, airborne water vapor needs particles on which to condense. With more aerosols, there can be more or thicker clouds. In a warming world, that's good. Sunlight bounces off cloud tops into space without ever reaching Earth's surface, so we stay cooler under cloud cover. But that simplest effect doesn't always happen. If there's no water vapor in the air — the air is dry — aerosols can't make clouds. Different types of aerosols have different effects, and the same aerosol can have different effects depending on how much is in the air and how high it is. Soot particles at certain altitudes can cause cloud droplets to evaporate, leaving nothing but haze. They found that additional pollution over pristine regions of the ocean has a larger effect on the clouds than in already polluted regions. Essentially, adding the same amount of pollution to clean marine air makes clouds brighter and hold more water than when adding the same amount of extra pollution to dirty regions. Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) found that ocean-hugging clouds in clean regions are more affected by pollution than clouds in an already polluted setting. Cloud trails from ships, called ship tracks, are a small-scale example of this effect. Pollution exhaust from ships forms streaks of clouds that are brighter than neighboring clouds. The researchers learned that the amount of pollution already in a region strongly moderates any effect on cloud characteristics from additional pollution. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas produced by human consumption of fossil fuels, along with methane, nitrous oxide, and other carbon gases. Ship tracks, the long lines of clouds downwind of ships, provided a nice opportunity to study the effect of exhaust particles, called aerosols, on clouds. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.

Answer:
effect of air pollution on clouds


