Question: When Graham was a little boy, he really like giraffes. They were his favorite animal to see at the zoo. He liked giraffes more than elephants, pandas, tigers or lions. He dreamed of going to Africa to see giraffes in the wild. He told his family how much he liked them and they made sure he had plenty of books about giraffes. At school, he often wrote his reports about giraffes. He even painted his room with spots to look like a giraffe. When he got older, he went to school to study giraffes and other animals. Finally, during his final year of school, he went to Africa to study giraffes in their home. 

While there he met many people who also liked giraffes. He liked seeing how tall the giraffes were. He found that their homes were being destroyed by people using the land. Graham started an organization which raised money to help buy land for the giraffes to live on. Graham used everything he knew about giraffes to teach other people. He gave speeches, wrote books, made signs and sent letters telling people about the giraffes' home being destroyed. 1. What animal does Graham like?
2. Where did he see them?
3. Where did he want to travel?
4. Why?
5. Did he tell his relatives that he cared for these animals?
6. What did his relatives make certain he had a lot of?
7. Were giraffes eventually involved in his studies?
8. Where were his studies done?
9. Was that done in his last year of schooling?
10. What did he discover about the the animals' habitat there?
11. By whom?
12. Who were using what?
13. What did Graham initiate?
14. That did what?
15. Why?
16. For what purpose? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. giraffes
2. the zoo
3. Africa
4. to see giraffes in the wild
5. Yes.
6. books about giraffes
7. Yes.
8. Africa
9. Yes.
10. it was destroyed
11. by people
12. the land
13. an organization
14. raised money
15. to buy land
16. for giraffes to live on


Question: In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed] 

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral. 1. WHo is the leader of this religion?
2. How does he get the job?
3. WHat are some of the other titles in the religion?
4. Like the bird?
5. WHy the name then?
6. WHen this this term come into use?
7. Are only Roman residents allowed to be one?
8. Was that always true?
9. WHen did the rule change?
10. Did they get any added responsibilities then?
11. Were they all assigned only one church or more? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. pope
2. Elected
3. cardinal
4. No
5. based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief"
6. the ninth century
7. No
8. No
9. the 12th century
10. unknown
11. One


Question: Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler. 

The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water. It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder. It was employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, and also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable "head". Water that had passed over the wheel was pumped back up into a storage reservoir above the wheel. 1. What is a true engine?
2. What does it mean to be a "true engine"?
3. Who made the first successful one?
4. Was that in the 19th century?
5. When?
6. Was it any better than the previous steam pump?
7. What made it better?
8. Whose idea was that?
9. What was this engine used for mostly?
10. Where was it used?
11. Anywhere else?
12. Was it an efficient engine?
13. What kind of engine would a steam engine be classified as?
14. Is the fluid in the same compartment as the combustible ingredients?
15. Could a steam engine work with nuclear power?
16. What about energy from the sun?
17. How about from the moon?
18. What is the perfect thermodynamic cycle called?
19. What happens to the water in this cycle?
20. Does it change form? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. atmospheric engine
2. it could generate power and transmit it to a machine
3. Thomas Newcomen
4. no
5. around 1712
6. yes
7. used a piston
8. Papin
9. pumping water
10. mine workings
11. factories
12. no
13. external combustion engines
14. no
15. yes
16. yes
17. unknown
18. Rankine cycle
19. water is heated
20. yes