Question: Robert and Peter study in the same university. They do everything together and help each other. But they often play jokes on each other. The school year was over last month and they decided to travel through the country in America. They drove a car and could stop wherever they were interested in and started whenever they wanted. Of course they enjoyed themselves. It was very hot one day and they were both hungry and thirsty. They stopped in front of a restaurant by the road. They came in, sat down at a table and ordered some dishes. Robert looked around and found there was a small bowl on the table. He thought there was some ice cream in it and took a spoonful of it and put it into his mouth. Immediately he knew it was mustard ,but it was too late. Tears ran down his face, but he pretended nothing had happened. The other young man, seeing his friend crying, asked, "What are you crying about, Robert?" "I'm thinking of my father who was hanged twenty years ago," was his reply. 

After a while, Peter made the same mistake. Tears ran down his cheeks, too. And his friend asked him why. 

"I wonder why your father hadn't been hanged before he got married!" 1. Why was Robert crying?
2. Who asked him why?
3. Are they friends?
4. What do they have in common?
5. Are they always serious with each other?
6. What did they do when school ended?
7. Did they do it on foot?
8. How did they do it?
9. Did they have fun?
10. What did Robert think was in the dish?
11. And where was this? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. mustard
2. Peter
3. yes
4. same university
5. no
6. travel
7. no
8. by car
9. yes
10. ice cream
11. a restaurant


Question: Turkish people (), or the Turks (), also known as Anatolian Turks (), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language. They are the largest ethnic group in Turkey, as well as by far the largest ethnic group among the speakers of Turkic languages. Ethnic Turkish minorities exist in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire. In addition, a Turkish diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe. 

The ethnonym "Turk" may be first discerned in Herodotus' (c. 484–425 BC) reference to Targitas, first king of the Scythians; furthermore, during the first century AD., Pomponius Mela refers to the "Turcae" in the forests north of the Sea of Azov, and Pliny the Elder lists the "Tyrcae" among the people of the same area. The first definite references to the "Turks" come mainly from Chinese sources in the sixth century. In these sources, "Turk" appears as "Tujue" (), which referred to the Göktürks. Although "Turk" refers to Turkish people, it may also sometimes refer to the wider language group of Turkic peoples. 

In the 19th century, the word "Türk" only referred to Anatolian villagers. The Ottoman ruling class identified themselves as Ottomans, not usually as Turks. In the late 19th century, as the Ottoman upper classes adopted European ideas of nationalism the term "Türk" took on a much more positive connotation. The Turkish-speakers of Anatolia were the most loyal supporters of Ottoman rule. 1. What did the word "Türk" refer to in the 19th century?
2. In the middle of the 19th was this a term that the ruling class used to describe themselves?
3. Was the term seen as more favorable as time went on?
4. What is the largest ethnic group in Turkey now?
5. Did the Turks all stay in Turkey?
6. What area is a popular place to migrate to currently?
7. Who was the first king of the Scythians?
8. When did Herodotus live?
9. What is another term that might refer to the Turkish people?
10. What language do they generally speak?
11. Is there more than one variation of the Turkish language? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Anatolian villagers
2. No
3. Yes
4. the Turks
5. No
6. Western Europe
7. Targitas
8. 484–425 BC
9. Anatolian Turks
10. Turkish
11. Yes


Question: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre). 

Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature. Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to the older, more inclusive notion of what constitutes literature. Cultural studies, for instance, takes as its subject of analysis both popular and minority genres, in addition to canonical works. 1. What is the Latin root of Literature?
2. What does that come from?
3. What does that mean?
4. What does literature include?
5. Anything written?
6. Which ones?
7. How many ways can it be categorized?
8. Can those categories be broken down further?
9. in how many ways?
10. Do they separate it by periods?
11. What about features?
12. What are those categories called?
13. When did imaginative works start?
14. What kind of studies deals with literature?
15. What types of genres do they use?
16. What else?
17. Has the meaning of literature changed?
18. When did it mean books and writing?
19. Where?
20. Is the current definition more inclusive? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. literatura or litteratura
2. from littera
3. letter or handwriting
4. written productions
5. no
6. ones that have artistic or intellectual value
7. four
8. yes
9. three
10. yes
11. yes
12. genres
13. during the Romantic period
14. Cultural studies
15. cultural and minority
16. canonical works.
17. yes
18. prior to the eighteenth century
19. In Western Europe
20. yes