Ques:Whether it is "women and children first" or "every man for himself" in a shipwreck  may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently.    When the Lusitania was torpedoed  by a German ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts .    But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took "three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize  behavior to take control--and the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children.    Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a "rational"  and selfish manner. The two tragedies provided a "natural experiment" for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender   and wealth.    The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. But psychologists  noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments  that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures. The extent   of altruism   and how it occurs "is a very controversial issue," said Anthony R. Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.He thinks the dominant  response was attachment behavior.  Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means "people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young... According to Benno Torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks? A) The survival instinct. B) The civilized behavior. C) The leadership of the captain. D) The length of time.

Ans:D
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Ques:Leaders of the World Health Organization say they are concerned about the air quality and health efiects on citizens during a recent outbreak of heavy pollution in Beijing.Still,they said they were unsure of the exact amount the air pollution takes on any person's body,casting doubts on local reports tying the area's dirty air to particular cases of illness.    Speaking at a briefing on Tuesday,the WHO's Western Pacific regional director, Shin Young--Soo,cited reports about poor air quality causing lung cancer in recent weeks. "The WHO is skeptical of the information,"she said."We're cautious of whether the illness is related to air po11ution. We know it has an impact on health,but we don't know how much."     The officials didn't cite particular reports.The comments follow a number of articles since late last year connecting some cases of diseases like lung cancer with pollution,.including one in November regarding an 8-year-old girl.    The health impact of Beijing's gray skies has been on the minds of many over the past week. Local authorities on Tuesday preserved an orange alert the city's second highest pollution-warning level--and again warned people to stay indoors.Experts widely agree that small particulates  known as PM2.5 carry significant short-and long-term health risks,particularly with children.Other studies find a certain link between pollution and shorter life spans.  Chinese state media have noted a rise in cancer levels in Beijing,without specifying  whether the new cases are the main result of pollution,smoking,other sources or some combination. Bernhard Schwartlander,the organization's China chief,said he is concerned and has been in contact with national authorities."There is no easy solution,"Dr. Schwartlainder said,adding that solving the problem requires managing industry and the economy.WHO leaders advised citizens.to stay indoors and limit exposure to the harmful particulates.When asked if wearing a face mask has any proven efficacy in preventing health effects of air pollution,Dr.... What would be the best title of this passage? A) The dangers of heavy pollution B) The impacts of pollution on health C) The importance of protecting the environment D) The uncertainty of relationship between pollution and health

Ans:D
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Ques:"In the online world you don't need to fill buildings or lecture theatres with people and you don't need to be trapped into a lecture timetable," says Peter Scott, director of the Open University's Knowledge Media Institute. The Open University, the UK's open access university, which allows people to study from home in their own time, has been an international pioneer of degree courses online. The university, with more than 263,000 students in 23 countries, has become a record breaker on the iTunes U service, which provides a digital library of materials for university students and staff.Instead of music or movies, Apple's iTunes U provides a download service for lectures and resources from universities around the world.Top universities from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard in the US to Oxford and Cambridge in the UK have been making their materials available, with no charge to the users. There have been 31 million downloads of OU materials, more than any other university, representing roughly 10% of all iTunes U downloads.Nearly 90% of these users are from outside the UK.In this online era, the OU student is also getting younger.A quarter of students are aged under-25 and only 10% are aged 50 or over.That change can only be accelerated as the cost of going to university increases in many countries.The prospect of learning from Harvard from your own bedroom is getting closer. "We have a belief that a degree and an opportunity are rights for all citizens.And we have got to enable the population of students attending higher education to scale up.What I am most excited about is that the privilege of going for higher education is not something only for the wealthy or for the smartest or for the most well-equipped students in the future," an American educator says.Online education will be a way of opening up more choices and getting beyond the big brand names of the most exclusive universities. At the Open University, Peter Scott says they are trying to develop services that give students... What made the American educator most excited was that  _  . A) only the rich or the cleverest students can get the higher education B) more chances of attending the higher education will be offered to common people C) common people are given the privilege to go to famous universities D) the number of OU students will increase in the future

Ans:B
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Ques:China Daily, the national English-language newspaper of China, keeps you in touch with China and the world with our mobile solutions. Now anyone can read our exclusive reports   anywhere. Download your favorites! China Daily iPaper           Want to read China Daily with your iPhone or iPad? Then look no further than China Daily iPaper. With China Daily iPaper, all sections are presented as full-content digital replicas  , in their original layout  . The application is free, and you can download your favourite news reports wherever you are.  China Daily Digest           Since the China Daily Digest application is now available on the iPad App Store, iPad users can read and download China Daily Digest's in-depth news reports, website exclusives and analysis  , which will give you unique views on China's economy, society and culture. China Daily News           A bridge connecting China and the world, the China Daily iPhone application lets you get the latest information and photos of China wherever you go. Specifically designed to use the characteristics and navigation of the iPhone, this application downloads the latest news of China directly to the device. China Daily Video           China Daily Video iPhone application is a window to China, letting you get video products covering all of China's cultural heritages  , natural wonders, interviews with famous people and major news events. What can we read in all of the four digital products? A) News reports. B) Economic analysis. C) Unique views on China's society. D) Interviews with famous people.

Ans:
A
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