Problem: Tom Sawyer is known as one of the most beloved characters in American literature , but new research found that Mark Twain based this character on his friend named Tom Sawyer. He admired his firefighting friend so much that he gave the character his name. 

Mark Twain and Tom Sawyer had many adventures together, gambling in Nevada and drinking in pubs. Tom Sawyer once worked as a volunteer firefighter, policeman and customs officer. Before making his way out West, Tom Sawyer used his strength to save 90 people from a burning ship. Mark Twain was particularly moved by this story because his own brother died in a fire while working on a similar steamboat. 

The two men became friends immediately after meeting in 1863, with Tom Sawyer traveling to Virginia City, while Mark Twain was working as a reporter there. 

After one night they returned to San Francisco, Mark Twain told his friend that he would base a character in his yet-unwritten book on him. Tom Sawyer said, "One day he said to me, 'I'm going to put you between the covers of a book, Tom.' 'Go ahead, Sam,' I Said, 'but don't disgrace my name.'" 

Besides their fondness of drinking, the two men also shared a hobby for storytelling. Tom sawyer believed that it was his anecdotes about his own childhood that inspired Mark Twain to create a book on him. 

Finally Mark Twain said that the character of Tom sawyer was based on a mix of three real people---John B. Briggs, William Bowen and himself. In spite of this, the historical evidence shows that there might be a fourth, more prominent influencer.
1. In real life who was Tom Sawyer?
2. When did they meet?
3. Where?
4. What kind of work did Tom do?
5. What was one of the adventures they had together?
6. Did they like to drink?
7. Was the character of Tom Sawyer based on anyone else?
8. Name two.
9. Did the real Tom Sawyer save anyone?
10. How many people?
11. From what?
12. What was Mark Twain doing in Virginia City?
13. Did both men like to tell stories?
14. How did Twain's brother die?
15. Where was that fire?
Answer: 1. Mark Twain's friend.
2. 1863
3. Virginia City
4. volunteer firefighter, policeman and customs officer
5. gambling in Nevada
6. Yes.
7. Yes.
8. John B. Briggs and William Bowen
9. Yes.
10. 90
11. a burning ship
12. working as a reporter
13. YEs.
14. in a fire
15. steamboat

Problem: According to a recent study out of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, men with shaved heads are considered to be more manly, powerful, and successful than those with longer hair or thinning hair. Besides, in some cases, they are considered to have greater leadership potential . That may explain why the power-buzz look has become popular among business leaders in recent years. 

Albert Mannes, Wharton management lecturer, said he was encouraged to do the research after noticing that he was treated with more respect when he shaved off his thinning hair. 

Mannes did three experiments to test people's impression of men with shaved heads. In one of the experiments, he showed 344 subject photos of the same men in two versions: one showing the men with hair and the other showing them with their hair digitally removed, so their heads appear shaved. In all three tests, the subject report found the men with shaved heads are more dominant than their hairy counterparts . 

The study found that men with thinning hair were viewed as the least attractive and powerful. For those men, _ . 

New York image consultant Julie Rath advised her clients to get closely cropped when they start thinning up top. "There is something really strong, powerful and confident about laying it all bare ," she said, describing the thinning look as kind of raunchy . 

Not everyone needs a bare head. Rick Devine, 55, the CEO of Devine Capital Partners, advised executive candidates attracted by their clippers to keep their hair closely cropped, rather than completely shaved. "It is way too much image risk," he said, "The best thing you can do in a business meeting is to make your look not an issue."
1. What type of men were found by the study to be more manly?
2. Who was encouraged to do the research?
3. What did he notice?
4. How many experiments did he do?
5. How many subject photos did he use?
6. What men were viewed as the least attractive in the study
7. What is the name of the image consultant?
8. What did she advise to her clients?
9. How did she describe the thinning look?
10. Who is the CEO of Devine Capital Partners?
11. How old is he?
12. What did he advise executive candidates?
13. Why did he give that advice?
14. Did the tests indicate men with shaved heads are more dominant than their hairy counterparts?
15. According to the text, as the power-buzz look become more popular in business?
16. Where was the study carried out?
17. How did the study remove hair from pictures?
Answer: 1. men with shaved heads
2. Albert Mannes
3. he was treated with more respect when he shaved off his thinning hair
4. three
5. 344
6. men with thinning hair
7. Julie Rath
8. get closely cropped when they start thinning up top
9. kind of raunchy
10. Rick Devine
11. 55
12. keep their hair closely cropped
13. too much image risk
14. Yes
15. seem to have greater leadership potential
16. University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School
17. digitally

Problem: His parents were out and dropped him at the babysitter's house at 12 o'clock. Lunchtime had past, but later the babysitter fixed him a dinner of some kind of brown meat. Under the meat was a slice of dry toast. Timmy didn't like the dinner and wished he had spaghetti or pizza. Even if it wasn't what he wanted, the meal filled his tummy and stopped the hunger pains. Timmy was bored and wanted something to do, but he didn't have any toys. All he had was some paper, his toothbrush and toothpaste. He wished he was home where he had left his favorite toy race car and train. The house was quiet and nighttime was near. He pretended he was camping. It was 8 o'clock and the streetlight came on and shined through the curtain, making scary shadows on the wall. 

He looked through the trash in the babysitter's extra room but couldn't find anything useful. If he at least had some markers or crayons he could draw some pictures, but he didn't even have a pencil. 

Timmy thought for a bit and found he could make a toy boat. He folded the paper into a mighty ship. In his imagination the little boat was in a storm on a dark sea. Danger was all around. The imaginary men on his paper boat were facing the storm bravely and sailed into safety as he was falling asleep.
1. Where was Timmy?
2. What did he eat for supper?
3. What did he really want instead?
4. What did he create?
5. When did the lights on the street come on?
6. Why did he look in the garbage?
7. What did he bring with him to the sitters home?
8. Where did he really want to be?
9. Was he happy?
10. Why was he scared?
Answer:
1. At a babysitter's house.
2. brown meat
3. wished he had spaghetti or pizza. Spaghetti or Pizza
4. He folded the paper into a mighty ship. A toy boat.
5. 8 o'clock. 8
6. He looked through the trash in the babysitter's extra room but couldn't find anything useful. Markers or crayons.
7. All he had was some paper, his toothbrush and toothpaste Paper, toothbrush and toothpaste..
8. He wished he was home where he had left his favorite toy race car and train. Home
9. Timmy was bored. No.
10. t was 8 o'clock and the streetlight came on and shined through the curtain, making scary shadows on the wall. Scary shadows on the wall.