Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Q: These assays can yield results in approximately 1-8 hours depending upon the assay. Notably, the detection of influenza viral RNA by these assays does not necessarily indicate detection of viable infectious virus or on-going influenza viral replication. It is important to note that not all assays have been cleared by the FDA for diagnostic use. The signs and symptoms of influenza can vary by age, immune status, and presence of underlying medication conditions. Uncomplicated influenza can include any or all of these signs and symptoms: fever, muscle aches, headache, lack of energy, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and possibly runny nose. Dr. Robert Vanzant used the quick test for flu in January and February, but he never expected to bring it out again as we head into summer. This is not flu season, so if someone has the flu this time of year we have to consider swine flu, said Dr. Van Zant, a family practice physician. He demonstrated the flu quick test for us by sticking a cotton swab up both nostrils. Both sides and it's gonna tickle. I'm digging for china here, said Dr. Vanzant. After swabbing both nostrils, the swab sits in liquid for a minute, then the test strip goes in and results come back in 10 minutes. It's the same technology that's used for the home pregnancy test, said Dr. Vanzant. Our test is negative, but other tests are examples of what a positive test looks like. Among respiratory specimens for viral isolation or rapid detection of human influenza viruses, nasopharyngeal specimens typically have higher yield than nasal or throat swab specimens. As with any diagnostic test, results should be evaluated in the context of other clinical and epidemiologic information available to health care providers. Preferred respiratory samples for influenza testing include nasopharyngeal or nasal swab, and nasal wash or aspirate, depending on which kind of test is used . Rapid Influenza Testing. The diagnostic accuracy of influenza swabs is often overestimated by clinicians. The CDC notes that rapid influenza testing has a sensitivity ranging from approximately 50% to 70% — meaning that in up to half of influenza cases, the flu swab results will still be negative. Another study in Turkey showed that the sensitivity of rapid influenza testing for H1N1 ranged from 31.7% to 50%, again depending on the brand of test. During a respiratory illness outbreak in a closed setting (e.g., hospitals, long-term care facility, cruise ship, boarding school, summer camp) testing for influenza can be very helpful in determining if influenza is the cause of the outbreak. So how sensitive are they for “flu-like illness”? Rapid Influenza Testing The diagnostic accuracy of influenza swabs is often overestimated by clinicians. The CDC notes that rapid influenza testing has a sensitivity ranging from approximately 50% to 70% — meaning that in up to half of influenza cases, the flu swab results will still be negative. Preferred respiratory samples for influenza testing include nasopharyngeal or nasal swab, and nasal wash or aspirate, depending on which kind of test is used (see table(https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/table-testing-methods.htm)). Samples should be collected within the first 3-4 days of illness. Laboratory Diagnostic Procedures. A number of tests can help in the diagnosis of influenza (see table(https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/table-testing-methods.htm)). But, tests do not need to be done on all patients with suspected influenza. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) provide results within approximately 15 minutes; viral culture provides results in 3-10 days. Most of the rapid influenza diagnostic tests that can be done in a physician’s office are approximately 50-70% sensitive for detecting influenza and approximately greater than 90% specific. Query: how long does a flu swab take for results

A: A flu swab takes 10 minutes for results.
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Q: Authoritarianism is a form of government in which the people have no participation. The characteristics of authoritarianism include absolute obedience to authority by the people and ill-defined and often changing executive power. Monarchy is a form of government in which a single family rules from generation to generation. The power, or sovereignty, is personified in a single individual. There are two main types of monarchy that differ based on the level of power held by the individual or family currently in power. Another form of government is a democracy. Democracy is defined as a form of government in which power belongs to the people. There are two forms of democracy. One is direct democracy, in which all eligible citizens have direct participation in the a) Political participation can be defined as those actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or to support government and politics. - Participation in electoral processes involves much more than just voting. (2) Citizens engage in two kinds of activities that influence the selection of government personnel and policies. - 1  Low-initiative acts, such as voting, do not require much effort by the individual. - 2  High-initiative acts require active participation by individuals to obtain benefits for a group. A democratic government contrasts to forms of government where power is either held by one, as in a monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an oligarchy or aristocracy. Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. (2) Citizens engage in two kinds of activities that influence the selection of government personnel and policies. - Low-initiative acts, such as voting, do not require much effort by the individual. - High-initiative acts require active participation by individuals to obtain benefits for a group. Authoritarianism is a form of government in which the people have zero participation. The citizens in these societies must adhere to the rules of the leader with absolute obedience. The power often changes and is ill-defined. Finally, totalitarianism is a form of government in which the leaders have unlimited and total control over people's lives. Political Participation. 1  a) Political participation can be defined as those actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or to support government and politics. - 2  Participation in electoral processes involves much more than just voting. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized (synonyms include “regime type” and “system of government”). Query: how do some form of government differ from citizen participation particularly authoritarian and democratic

A: Authoritarianism is a form of government in which citizens have zero participation while direct democracy is a type of government in which all eligible citizens have direct participation.
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Q: Having maxed out credit cards, but on-time payments my credit score prior to filing for Ch 7 was 530, post discharge it was 632 and now six months later is 692! There is life after Bankruptcy! GWNorris3rd's response was: Bankruptcy will ruin your credit for some time to come. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can remain on your credit report for up to 10 years. Although a bankruptcy stays on your record for years, the time to complete the bankruptcy process under Chapter 7, from filing to relief from debt, takes only about 3-6 months. If you decide against Chapter 7 when it may be the right decision for you, your missed debt payments, defaults, repossessions, and lawsuits will also hurt your credit, and may be more complicated to explain to a future lender than bankruptcy. The impact to your credit score is largely based on where your credit stands now and what information is on your credit report.​. In 2010, FICO released information about how bankruptcy and other credit mistakes affect your credit score. Using a mock scenario with two different credit profiles, FICO showed a bankruptcy could cost up to 240 points for someone with a 780 credit score and 150 points for someone with a 680 credit score. And, while a bankruptcy can severely damage your credit score, that doesn’t mean that bankruptcy has to be the end of a good credit rating forever. How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay On The Record. There are two types of bankruptcy – Chapter 13 bankruptcy and Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: Plus, as long as your report is filled with nothing but A+ grades, you should have a decent credit score within a few years, and even a good score by the time the bankruptcy drops off your report. 4. Keep Your Oldest Accounts Active Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. The bankruptcy itself and the debts associated with the bankruptcy will be displayed differently on your credit report. A completed Chapter 13 bankruptcy will stay on your report for up to seven years, and discharged debts will also stay on the report up to seven years after they are discharged. How Long Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Last? In most cases, it takes approximately three to four months to complete a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and obtain a discharge. However, if you have a complex case or creditors object to your discharge, it can take longer. This means that you can complete your case quickly and begin rebuilding your credit right away. How Long Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Remain on Your Credit Report? A Chapter 7 bankruptcy will usually stay on your credit report for ten years. But in general, this does not prohibit you from obtaining new credit and moving on with your life. In fact, most debtors start receiving new credit card offers shortly after they receive their discharge. To do this we’ll need to set the record straight on some of the most commonly held misconceptions about how bankruptcy impacts credit scores. Myth #1: Having no negative information on your credit report prior to bankruptcy leads to a higher post-bankruptcy credit score than if your report contained derogatory information prior to the filing. Myth #3: You will have a low credit score for as long as the bankruptcy information remains on your credit report. Fact #3: While it’s true that you should not expect a high score following bankruptcy, if you manage your credit optimally in its aftermath you can be looking at a 700 score or higher after only about 4-5 years. You cannot file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy if you previously went through bankruptcy proceedings under Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 within the last six years. If you obtained a Chapter 13 discharge in good faith after paying at least 70% of your unsecured debts, the six-year bar does not apply. Query: how long bankruptcy affect credit

A:
A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can remain on your credit report for up to 10 years.
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