Question: The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. POSIX defines the application programming interface (API), along with command line shells and utility interfaces, for software compatibility with variants of Unix and other operating systems. 

Originally, the name "POSIX" referred to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, released in 1988. The family of POSIX standards is formally designated as IEEE 1003 and the international standard name is ISO/IEC 9945. 

The standards emerged from a project that began circa 1985. Richard Stallman suggested the name "POSIX" to the IEEE instead of former "IEEE-IX". The committee found it more easily pronounceable and memorable, and thus adopted it. 

Unix was selected as the basis for a standard system interface partly because it was "manufacturer-neutral." However, several major versions of Unix existed—so there was a need to develop a common denominator system. The POSIX specifications for Unix-like operating systems originally consisted of a single document for the core programming interface, but eventually grew to 19 separate documents (POSIX.1, POSIX.2, etc.). The standardized user command line and scripting interface were based on the UNIX System V shell. Many user-level programs, services, and utilities (including awk, echo, ed) were also standardized, along with required program-level services (including basic I/O: file, terminal, and network). POSIX also defines a standard threading library API which is supported by most modern operating systems. In 2008, most parts of POSIX were combined into a single standard "(IEEE Std 1003.1-2008", also known as "POSIX.1-2008)." 1. what does POSIX stand for?
2. what does it define?
3. what is POSIX?
4. by who?
5. what is the purpose of the standards?
6. when did the standards emerge?
7. from what?
8. who came up with the name?
9. what had it previously been called?
10. why did they decide to go with a new name?
11. which OS was chosen to be the foundation for the standard interface?
12. why?
13. how many versions existed?
14. in 2008, what were the parts combined to?
15. what was it named?
16. what else was it called?
17. how many documents did the original system contain?
18. what was that increase to?
19. what were the systems named? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Portable Operating System Interface
2. The  API, command line shells and utility interfaces, for software compatibility
3. A family of standards
4. The IEEE Computer Society
5. To maintain compatibility between operating systems
6. Circa 1985.
7. A project that began then
8. Richard Stallman
9. IEEE-IX
10. It was pronounceable and memorable
11. Unix
12. It was "manufacturer-neutral."
13. Several major ones
14. A single standard
15. IEEE Std 1003.1-2008
16. POSIX.1-2008
17. One
18. 19
19. POSIX.1, POSIX.2, etc.

Q: Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County. 

Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Durham & Wake Counties partway between the three cities and their universities. The Research Triangle region encompasses the U.S. Census Bureau's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which had an estimated population of 2,037,430 in 2013. The Raleigh Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had an estimated population of 1,214,516 in 2013.

1. home to North Carolina State University
2. combination of three cities and their universities
3. it gets it after the creation of the Research Triangle Park
4. Not slow. It has an estimated population of 2,037,430 in 2013
5. it called "City of Oaks"
6. Because have many oak trees
7. unknown
8. he created the lost Roanoke Colony
9. Yes named after Sir Walter Raleigh
10. Wake County

Numbered questions:
1. what is Raliegh home to?
2. what makes it a triangle?
3. when did this nickname start
4. is it growing slowly?
5. what is another nickname?
6. why?
7. who is the city named for?
8. what did Sir Walter Raleigh do?
9. is the city named for him?
10. what county is it in?

input: Zürich or Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. The municipality has approximately 400,028 inhabitants, the urban agglomeration 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million. Zürich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zürich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country. 

Permanently settled for about 2000 years, Zürich was founded by the Romans, who, in 15 BC, called it "". However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6400 years ago. During the Middle Ages, Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. 

The official language of Zurich is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city, including the Swiss National Museum and the Kunsthaus. Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world. 

Zürich is a leading global city and among the world's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population. The city is home to a large number of financial institutions and banking giants. Most of Switzerland's research and development centres are concentrated in Zürich and the low tax rates attract overseas companies to set up their headquarters there. 1. What is the official language of Zurich?
2. What country is it located in?
3. How many people are in the Zürich metropolitan area?
4. How long has it been permanently settled for?
5. By who?
6. When?
7. What happened in 1519?
8. What is the main spoken language?
9. Can you name one of its museums?
10. What about one of its theatres?
11. What is it one of the largest centres of?
12. Where are most of its research and development centres?
13. What attracts foreign companies there?
14. How long ago were the earliest settlements dated there?
15. What status did it gain in the Middle Ages?
16. What is Kunsthaus?
17. Which lake is it locate at the northwestern tip of? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. German
2. Switzerland
3. 1.83 million
4. for about 2000 years
5. Romans
6. 15 BC
7. it became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli
8. A local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialec
9. the Swiss National Museum
10. Schauspielhaus Zürich
11. financial centres
12. in Zürich
13. low tax rates
14. 6400 years ago
15. the independent and privileged status
16. Museum
17. Lake Zürich