Q: Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is a free and open international standard file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined by ISO/IEC 8632. 

All graphical elements can be specified in a textual source file that can be compiled into a binary file or one of two text representations. CGM provides a means of graphics data interchange for computer representation of 2D graphical information independent from any particular application, system, platform, or device. CGM was developed by W3C in 1999 As a metafile, i.e., a file containing information that describes or specifies another file, the CGM format has numerous elements to provide functions and to represent entities, so that a wide range of graphical information and geometric primitives can be accommodated. Rather than establish an explicit graphics file format, CGM contains the instructions and data for reconstructing graphical components to render an image using an object-oriented approach. 

Although CGM is not widely supported for web pages and has been supplanted by other formats in the graphic arts, it is still prevalent in engineering, aviation, and other technical applications. 

The initial CGM implementation was effectively a streamed representation of a sequence of Graphical Kernel System primitive operations. It has been adopted to some extent in the areas of technical illustration and professional design, but has largely been superseded by formats such as SVG and DXF.

Answer the following questions:
1. What is CGM?
2. What does it do?
3. Do many web pages support it?
4. What is it used in?
5. What did CGM start out as?
6. Is it used for professional design?
7. What else has it been used to do?
8. Is it the most popular format used?
9. What is used more widely used?
10. How are graphical elements specified?
11. Are they all like this?
12. Is CGM 2d or 3d?
13. When was it developed?
14. What is a metafile?
15. What does CGM contain the instructions for?
A: 1. Computer Graphics Metafile
2. ee and open international standard file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined by ISO/IEC 8632.
3. no
4. engineering, aviation, and other technical applications.
5. streamed representation of a sequence of Graphical Kernel System primitive operations.
6. yes
7. illustration
8. no
9. SVG and DXF.
10. in a textual source file
11. unknown
12. 2D
13. 1999
14. a file containing information that describes or specifies another file
15. reconstructing graphical components to render an image using an object-oriented approach.
Q: CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO 

TREATS OF TODGER'S AGAIN; AND OF ANOTHER BLIGHTED PLANT BESIDES THE PLANTS UPON THE LEADS 

Early on the day next after that on which she bade adieu to the halls of her youth and the scenes of her childhood, Miss Pecksniff, arriving safely at the coach-office in London, was there received, and conducted to her peaceful home beneath the shadow of the Monument, by Mrs Todgers. M. Todgers looked a little worn by cares of gravy and other such solicitudes arising out of her establishment, but displayed her usual earnestness and warmth of manner. 

'And how, my sweet Miss Pecksniff,' said she, 'how is your princely pa?' 

Miss Pecksniff signified (in confidence) that he contemplated the introduction of a princely ma; and repeated the sentiment that she wasn't blind, and wasn't quite a fool, and wouldn't bear it. 

Mrs Todgers was more shocked by the intelligence than any one could have expected. She was quite bitter. She said there was no truth in man and that the warmer he expressed himself, as a general principle, the falser and more treacherous he was. She foresaw with astonishing clearness that the object of Mr Pecksniff's attachment was designing, worthless, and wicked; and receiving from Charity the fullest confirmation of these views, protested with tears in her eyes that she loved Miss Pecksniff like a sister, and felt her injuries as if they were her own. 

'Your real darling sister, I have not seen her more than once since her marriage,' said Mrs Todgers, 'and then I thought her looking poorly. My sweet Miss Pecksniff, I always thought that you was to be the lady?' 

Answer the following questions:
1. Where was Miss Pecksniff going?
2. Did she have a sister?
3. Who met her in London?
4. Who did she ask her about?
5. Did she ask about her ma?
6. Was Mrs Todgers a fancy dressing woman?
7. What was Mrs. Todgers shocked by?
8. how did she feel about this?
9. Was she bitter at Miss Pecksniffer?
10. who then?
11. Why?
12. how did she feel about Miss Pecksmith?
13. like what?
14. Was Miss Pecksmith a lady?
15. who was?
16. Did Mrs. Todgers agree with this?
17. Did Pa find a new ma?
18. was Mrs. Todgersinterested interested in him?
19. Who was not a fool?
A: 1. London
2. yes
3. Mrs Todgers.
4. Her Pa.
5. no.
6. . No.
7. The intelligence.
8. She was quite bitter.
9. no.
10. Mr Pecksniff
11. because the object of his attachment was designing, worthless, and wicked
12. She loved her.
13. Like a sister,
14. No
15. Her sister.
16. Yes, but she thought she was to be the lady.
17. no.
18. unknown
19. Miss Pecksniff
Q: Billy Dengler, a 14-year-old boy, is in the eighth grade. A month after he was born, Billy's mother, Terri, noticed that his eyes weren't quite as big as a normal baby's. She took Billy to the hospital, and the doctor said Billy would never be able to see. Although Billy can't see, he has never let that hold him back or make him different. Billy began teaching himself computer programming by using a screen reader when he was just seven years old. He is a certified Google developer now. Google even tried to offer him a job last year when he discovered a problem in one of its _ , but Billy wasn't old enough. Billy's dream school would be Stanford University or MIT, where he could get a very good education in computer science. After he leaves school, whether he will go to work at a company like Google or design a software company of his own is still to be decided. However, he says he will definitely do something great. "It's a sighted world," Billy said. "You can't let anything get in the way of your dreams, and if you do that, you can't move forward and make your dreams come true."

Answer the following questions:
1. Who is this article about?
2. Who is Billy Dengler?
3. What is unique about him?
4. When did they notice that?
5. Can he see?
6. Did he let that get him down?
7. What does Billy believe?
8. What grade is he in now?
9. What are his goals?
10. Is he good with computers?
11. Where did he learn that?
12. When?
13. How did he do that if he was blind?
14. Does he have any practical experience?
A:
1. Billy Dengler
2. a 14-year-old boy
3. his eyes weren't quite as big as a normal baby's
4. A month after he was born
5. Billy would never be able to see
6. No
7. You can't let anything get in the way of your dreams
8. unknown
9. Stanford University or MIT
10. Yes
11. Billy began teaching himself computer programming
12. seven years old
13. using a screen reader
14. Yes.