Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland. 

In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's Club remain in the collection of the Historical Society. Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748. Burke's father wanted him to read Law, and with this in mind he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe. After eschewing the Law, he pursued a livelihood through writing.

1. where was burke born?
2. what is his full name?
3. what was his mother's name
4. his father
5. when did burke start at trinity college?
6. where is the college located?
7. is it a baptist establishment?
8. what kind is it?
9. before 1790 could catholics get degrees?
10. what year did that change?
11. what type of society did he set up?
12. in what ear
13. what was it called?
14. what club did they merge with?
15. what year did they merge?
16. what was the new club called?
17. is it a newer undergrad society
18. what year did Burke graduate?
19. where did he go after that?
20. to study what?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. in Dublin, Ireland
2. unknown
3. Mary née Nagle
4. Richard Burke
5. In 1744
6. in Dublin,
7. no
8. Protestant
9. no
10. 1793,
11. a debating society
12. In 1747
13. "Edmund Burke's Club",
14. TCD's Historical Club
15. in 1770
16. the College Historical Society;
17. no
18. in 1748.
19. London
20. Law

Question: First recognized in 1900 by Max Planck, it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy, E, of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation, and the frequency, f, of its associated electromagnetic wave. In 1905 the value E, the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator, was theoretically associated by Einstein with a "quantum" or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself. The light quantum behaved in some respects as an electrically neutral particle, as opposed to an electromagnetic wave. It was eventually called the photon. 

Classical statistical mechanics requires the existence of h (but does not define its value). Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value. Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant. Classical physics cannot explain this fact. In many cases, such as for monochromatic light or for atoms, this quantum of action also implies that only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden. 1. Who originally associated the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator with a "quantum" or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself?
2. When did he do this?
3. What letter is the value called?
4. How did the light value behave?
5. As opposed to what?
6. What was it later called?
7. Who was energy E originally recognized by?
8. What type of action can't take an arbitrary value?
9. What must it be instead?
10. What is that also known as?
11. Is there another name for it?
12. What is it?
13. Is this fact widely understood in physics?
14. What does this imply about energy levels?
15. What about values in between? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Einstein
2. In 1905
3. E
4. as an electrically neutral particle
5. an electromagnetic wave
6. the photon
7. Max Planck
8. a physical one
9. some multiple of a very small quantity
10. the "quantum of action"
11. yes
12. the Planck constant
13. no
14. only certain ones are allowed
15. they're forbidden

Q: Macmillan Publishers Ltd (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group) is an international publishing company owned by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. It has offices in 41 countries worldwide and operates in more than thirty others. 

Macmillan was founded in 1843 by Daniel and Alexander Macmillan, two brothers from the Isle of Arran, Scotland. Daniel was the business brain, while Alexander laid the literary foundations, publishing such notable authors as Charles Kingsley (1855), Thomas Hughes (1859), Francis Turner Palgrave (1861), Christina Rossetti (1862), Matthew Arnold (1865) and Lewis Carroll (1865). Alfred Tennyson joined the list in 1884, Thomas Hardy in 1886 and Rudyard Kipling in 1890. 

Other major writers published by Macmillan included W. B. Yeats, Rabindranath Tagore, Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Seán O'Casey, John Maynard Keynes, Charles Morgan, Hugh Walpole, Margaret Mitchell, C. P. Snow, Rumer Godden and Ram Sharan Sharma. 

Beyond literature, the company created such enduring titles as "Nature" (1869), the "Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" (1877) and Sir Robert Palgrave's "Dictionary of Political Economy" (1894–99). 

Macmillan established an office in New York City. It sold its American division in 1896, which published as the Macmillan Company. 

Macmillan Publishers re-entered the American market in 1954 under the name St. Martin's Press.

1. 1843
2. Daniel and Alexander Macmillan

Numbered questions:
1. What year was Macmillan founded?
2. By who?

Q: (CNN) -- Nick Heidfeld has left his role as reserve driver at Mercedes to become a tester for Pirelli ahead of the Italian company's return to Formula One as the sport's sole tire supplier next year. 

The 33-year-old German had driven in F1 for a decade but was left without a seat when BMW ended its association with the Sauber team at the end of last season. 

He was given a lifeline when Mercedes took over the world champion Brawn GP team this year, becoming back-up to returning seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher and Nico Rosberg. 

"I would like to thank Ross Brawn, Norbert Haug and Nick Fry for allowing me the opportunity to become Pirelli's official test driver," Heidfeld told F1's official website. 

"The team has always said that they would not stand in my way if such a chance arose, and they have kindly allowed me to take up this exciting new role." 

Mercedes team principal Ross Brawn said: "Nick is an extremely experienced driver and we are confident that his racing knowledge and technical feedback will prove extremely useful to Pirelli and therefore of benefit to the sport as a whole." 

Mercedes-Benz Motorsport vice-president Haug said the move might help Heidfeld find a drive for 2011. 

"It would be great to see Nick in a competitive car in next year's world championship and I am sure his leading role in the new tire development, in addition to his skills, puts him in a good position for the remaining seats in 2011," Haug said. 

1. 33
2. raced in F1
3. yes
4. tester
5. tires
6. yes
7. Three
8. Ross Brawn
9. Norbert Haug
10. Nick Fry
11. Haug
12. Mercedes-Benz Motorsport
13. find a drive for 2011

Numbered questions:

1. How old is Nick Heidfeld?
2. What has he done for the last 10 years?
3. Did he recently switch roles?
4. What's he doing now?
5. Of what?
6. Does it indicate he is grateful to anyone?
7. How many people were mentioned?
8. Who specifically?
9. And?
10. Anyone else?
11. What vice-president is mentioned?
12. Of what organization?
13. What does he think might happen?