input: For more than 40 years, scientists have sought to learn how well human beings can adapt to long periods in space. The International Space Station continues to provide valuable knowledge about spaceflight. But an earlier space station, Skylab, helped make the current space project possible. 

Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield sang aboard the International Space Station on May 12, 2013. His music video has become extremely popular. The astronaut played his own version of David Bowie's song Space Oddity. He performed while floating weightlessly, with images of planet earth and space appearing in the window behind him. 

Chris Hadfield recently returned home after nearly five months on the space station. For him, the long flight produced a hit video on YouTube and no major physical problems. But 40 years ago, scientists did not know how humans would react to long-term spaceflight. To find out, NASA, the American space agency, launched Skylab in May, 1973. Over nearly a year, three teams of astronauts visited Skylab for stays of between 28 to 84 days. They learned how people react to extended periods in space. 

Gerald Carr commanded Skylab 4. He spoke at a NASA event marking the 40th anniversary of Skylab's launch. He said that the loss of the body's muscle mass was a main concern. Astronauts on Skylab used exercise equipment to stay strong. The astronauts spent their workdays carrying out experiments, including biomedical research. 

Marshall Porterfield is the director of NASA's Space Life and Physical Sciences Division. He says the Skylab astronauts' understanding of their own ability to deal with long-term spaceflight continues to help current astronauts. NASA says the next step for life away from Earth is a year-long space station mission, set for 2015. 1. What provides knowledge about space?
2. What is an earlier space station?
3. Did it help the current project?
4. What song did a man sing on the station?
5. When?
6. Who did this?
7. What nationality is he?
8. How long was he in space?
9. Who launched Skylab?
10. When?
11. What is NASA?
12. How long was Skylab in space?
13. How long would astronauts stay there?
14. How many teams?
15. Who commanded Skylab 4?
16. Where did he speak?
17. marking what?
18. Were there negatives to space travel?
19. How did they battle this?
20. Who is Marshall Porterfield? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. The International Space Station
2. Skylab
3. Yes
4. David Bowie's song Space Oddity
5. on May 12, 2013
6. Chris Hadfield
7. Canadian
8. nearly five months
9. NASA
10. in May, 1973
11. the American space agency
12. Over nearly a year
13. for stays of between 28 to 84 days
14. three
15. Gerald Carr
16. at a NASA event
17. marking the 40th anniversary of Skylab's launch
18. loss of the body's muscle mass
19. They used exercise equipment to stay strong
20. the director of NASA's Space Life and Physical Sciences Division

question: CHAPTER 10. Containing the Sequel of the Midshipman's Disaster 

Major Bagstock, after long and frequent observation of Paul, across Princess's Place, through his double-barrelled opera-glass; and after receiving many minute reports, daily, weekly, and monthly, on that subject, from the native who kept himself in constant communication with Miss Tox's maid for that purpose; came to the conclusion that Dombey, Sir, was a man to be known, and that J. B. was the boy to make his acquaintance. 

Miss Tox, however, maintaining her reserved behaviour, and frigidly declining to understand the Major whenever he called (which he often did) on any little fishing excursion connected with this project, the Major, in spite of his constitutional toughness and slyness, was fain to leave the accomplishment of his desire in some measure to chance, 'which,' as he was used to observe with chuckles at his club, 'has been fifty to one in favour of Joey B., Sir, ever since his elder brother died of Yellow Jack in the West Indies.' 

It was some time coming to his aid in the present instance, but it befriended him at last. When the dark servant, with full particulars, reported Miss Tox absent on Brighton service, the Major was suddenly touched with affectionate reminiscences of his friend Bill Bitherstone of Bengal, who had written to ask him, if he ever went that way, to bestow a call upon his only son. But when the same dark servant reported Paul at Mrs Pipchin's, and the Major, referring to the letter favoured by Master Bitherstone on his arrival in England--to which he had never had the least idea of paying any attention--saw the opening that presented itself, he was made so rabid by the gout, with which he happened to be then laid up, that he threw a footstool at the dark servant in return for his intelligence, and swore he would be the death of the rascal before he had done with him: which the dark servant was more than half disposed to believe. 
1. Where are they?
2. What was to be known?
3. who was to know him?
4. who is reserved?
5. who was tough?
6. who was JB?
7. Who was major's friend?
8. What was his last name?
9. where was he from?
10. who was absent?
****
answer: 1. Princess's Place
2. Dombey
3. J. B.
4. Miss Tox,
5. Major
6. Joey B
7. Bill
8. Bitherstone
9. Bengal
10. Miss Tox

Question: Perl is a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and Perl 6. 

Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Perl 6, which began as a redesign of Perl 5 in 2000, eventually evolved into a separate language. Both languages continue to be developed independently by different development teams and liberally borrow ideas from one another. 

The Perl languages borrow features from other programming languages including C, shell script (sh), AWK, and sed. They provide powerful text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary Unix commandline tools, facilitating easy manipulation of text files. Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the late 1990s as a CGI scripting language, in part due to its then unsurpassed regular expression and string parsing abilities. 

In addition to CGI, Perl 5 is used for system administration, network programming, finance, bioinformatics, and other applications, such as for GUIs. It has been nicknamed "the Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages" because of its flexibility and power, and also its ugliness. In 1998, it was also referred to as the "duct tape that holds the Internet together", in reference to both its ubiquitous use as a glue language and its perceived inelegance. 1. What is the duct tape that holds the Internet together?
2. When?
3. What's its nickname?
4. Is this a low-level language?
5. What type of family is it?
6. Of what?
7. Which languages are included?
8. What is an unofficial acronym?
9. Who wrote it?
10. When?
11. What was it's original purpose?
12. Was anything borrowed from other languages?
13. What?
14. How did the sixth version begin?
15. Are they the same language?
16. When did 5 become popular?
17. As what?
18. Why?
19. Does it work with GUI?
20. What other apps? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Perl
2. In 1998, it was also referred to as the "duct tape that holds the Internet together"
3. "the Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages
4. no
5. high-level family
6. dynamic programming languages
7. Perl 5 and Perl 6.
8. "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language"
9. Larry Wall
10. in 1987
11. to make report processing easier
12. yes
13. they liberally borrow ideas from one another.
14. as a redesign of Perl 5
15. no
16. the late 1990s
17. as a CGI scripting language
18. because of its then unsurpassed regular expression and string parsing abilities
19. yes
20. network programming, finance, bioinformatics