input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XXXIV. 

THE MEN OF BLOOD. 

So unexpected was the blow that even De Lhut, hardened from his childhood to every shock and danger, stood shaken and dismayed. Then, with an oath, he ran at the top of his speed towards the line of figures, his companions following at his heels. 

As they drew nearer they could see through the dusk that it was not indeed a line. A silent and motionless officer stood out some twenty paces in front of his silent and motionless men. Further, they could see that he wore a very high and singular head-dress. They were still rushing forward, breathless with apprehension, when to their horror this head-dress began to lengthen and broaden, and a great bird flapped heavily up and dropped down again on the nearest tree-trunk. Then they knew that their worst fears were true, and that it was the garrison of Poitou which stood before them. 

They were lashed to low posts with willow withies, some twenty of them, naked all, and twisted and screwed into every strange shape which an agonised body could assume. In front where the buzzard had perched was the gray-headed commandant, with two cinders thrust into his sockets and his flesh hanging from him like a beggar's rags. Behind was the line of men, each with his legs charred off to the knees, and his body so haggled and scorched and burst that the willow bands alone seemed to hold it together. For a moment the four comrades stared in silent horror at the dreadful group. Then each acted as his nature bade him. De Catinat staggered up against a tree-trunk and leaned his head upon his arm, deadly sick. Du Lhut fell down upon his knees and said something to heaven, with his two clenched hands shaking up at the darkening sky. Ephraim Savage examined the priming of his gun with a tightened lip and a gleaming eye, while Amos Green, without a word, began to cast round in circles in search of a trail.  1. was de lhut surprised by the blow?
2. when was he hardened?
3. did he run slowly?
4. who followed him?
5. how far in front was the officer?
6. were the men loud?
7. were they motionless?
8. what did they wear?
9. what did it turn into?
10. how many of them were lashed?
11. what were they wearing?
12. where was the buzzard?
numbered_answers: 1. yes
2. childhood
3. no
4. companions
5. some twenty paces
6. no
7. yes
8. very high and singular head-dress
9. garrison of Poitou
10. some twenty of them
11. nothing
12. In front

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER VIII. 

EXPOSING A SWINDLER. 

It was less than an hour after separating from Dick Arbuckle that Pawnee Brown found his way to Arkansas City. 

He was accompanied by Jack Rasco and Cal Clemmer, and the great scout's object was not alone to aid Dick in the search for Mortimer Arbuckle, but also to help Cal Clemmer get back some money out of which the cowboy boomer claimed he had been swindled. 

Clemmer had played cards with a certain sharp known as Pete Stillwater, and lost two hundred and fifty dollars. At first he had imagined he had lost it fairly enough, but after thoughts, coupled with what he heard on the sly the next day, made him certain that Stillwater had cheated him. 

He had brought his case to Pawnee Brown, and the leader of the boomers at once concluded that the gambler had not acted fairly. He had met Stillwater at Wichita, where the gambler's reputation was far from savory. 

"You were a fool to bet at cards, Cal," he said flatly. "But that is no reason why Stillwater should cheat you. I'll do what I can, but you must promise to leave playing for high stakes alone in the future." 

"Don't yer fear, Pawnee," was Clemmer's ready reply. "A scorched Injun keeps hez distance from the blaze, don't he? Wall, I'm the scorched Injun in this air case. Git back my money fer me an' I won't play nothin' higher then penny-ante ez long ez I live." 

The gambling resort at which Stillwater was holding forth was soon reached, and the three entered, to find the place comfortably crowded by boomers, men-about-town, cowboys and gamblers, all anxious to add to their wealth without working. As Pawnee Brown surveyed the assemblage his lip curled with a sarcasm which was by no means displaced.  1. Who cheated Clemmer?
2. How much did he lose?
3. What were they playing?
4. Who did he present his case to?
5. Was the leader of the boomers on his side?
6. Was Stillwater's reputation good?
7. Who was Dick looking for?
8. Who was traveling with Pawnee and Clemmer?
9. How much did Clemmer promise not to bet over?
10. Who keeps his distance from the fire?
11. What kind of resort was Stillwater at?
12. Were any cowboys hanging out there?
13. Gamblers?
14. Walmart cashiers?
15. Did anybody in there want to work?
numbered_answers: 1. Pete Stillwater
2. two hundred and fifty dollars
3. cards
4. Pawnee Brown
5. no
6. no
7. Mortimer Arbuckle
8. ack Rasco
9. penny-ante
10. scorched Injun
11. gambling
12. yes
13. yes
14. no
15. no

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. 

The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries. 1. What scientist is relatively recent?
2. Who first coined the word scientist?
3. When?
4. What did people call themselves before scientists?
5. What did they investigate?
6. How long have empirical investigations of the natural world been described?
7. Who was one of the people who described these investigations?
8. What did Thales describe?
9. Recently?
10. Have the scientific methods only been used since 2001?
11. What has been employed since the Middle Ages?
12. Is science defined broadly?
13. What have historians of science defined science sufficiently?
numbered_answers:
1. William
2. William Whewell
3. 19th century.
4. natural philosophers
5. nature
6. unknown
7. Roger Bacon
8. natural world
9. 16th- and 17th-century
10. unknown
11. scientific methods
12. no
13. Traditionally