question: The world produces about 4 billion metric tons of food a year but 1.2 to 2 billion tons is not eaten, the study by the London-based Institution of Mechanical Engineers said. It is instead thrown away. Experts say food is wasted in both rich and poor countries, but for different reasons. 

Elliot Woolley teaches sustainable manufacturing at Loughborough University in Britain. He spoke at the Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, which was held earlier this month in Vietnam. 

Mr. Woolley said in poor countries, food is usually lost while it is still in the field or during storage and transportation. He said that is because food producers there are inefficient. These businesses are unable to operate effectively without wasting materials, time or energy. But he added that once food is sold in developing countries, people usually eat everything they buy. 

However, people in developed countries throw away as much as half of the food they purchase. In the US, big contributors to waste include supersized portions that customers simply can't manage, and"eat as much as you want"offers in restaurants. In the UK, over-conservative sell-by dates on labels and two-for-one offers of perishable items are key factors, encouraging consumers to buy too much food to start with and to throw away items that have reached their sell-by date, but which are still edible. And efficient farming methods, transport and storage mean that most of the wastage occurs through retail and customer behavior. The British researcher called this custom"adisgrace". 

Elliot Woolley has created a smartphone app that he says shows users what food they have bought and when the food is about to become unsafe to eat. It also gives information on how people can combine the foods they have to make a meal. The software program is called"Pantry App". 

Mr. Woolley said that people who used the app reduced the amount of food they wasted by a third. But this result came from a limited experiment -- users only followed their food use for a week. 

Jeremy Bonvoisin is a student at the Technical University of Berlin. He attended the recent conference in Vietnam. He said one way to solve the problem of wasting food is to take steps to persuade people to stop buying so much food in the first place. He said people buy more food than they need because it is becoming less costly. They waste so much food because they buy more than they need. 

He said the new app could help those who already want to change the way they use the food they buy. But he is also worried that it could get people to waste more food because they no longer have to pay attention to how much they have bought.
1. Who created a smart phone app?
2. What is it called?
3. What does it do?
4. How many run it daily?
5. What were the claimed results of this?
6. Where does the author of the app teach?
7. What's his name?
8. Do poor countries waste food as well?
9. Who is the 2nd person mentioned in the article?
10. What did he say?
****
answer: 1. Elliot Woolley
2. Pantry App
3. shows users what food they have bought and when the food is about to become unsafe to eat
4. unknown
5. the app reduced the amount of food they wasted by a third
6. Technical University of Berlin
7. Elliot Woolley
8. No
9. Jeremy Bonvoisin
10. the new app could help those who already want to change the way they use the food they buy

CHAPTER VI 

ON CRIFFELL HILL 

The sun burned down on the heather. Below, in the curving glen where the heath gave place to white bent-grass, a burn flashed like a silver riband among the stones; above, the long ridge of Criffell ran up against the clear blue sky. Grouse were calling as they skimmed the steep downward slope, and a curlew's wild cry fell sharply from the summit of the hill. These were sounds that delighted Andrew, for he loved the fellside almost as he loved the sea; but his lips were set and his brows knitted as he stood waist-deep in the heather. 

Whitney was toiling up the hill beside Elsie a short distance farther on, and Dick was behind them; but, seeing Andrew stop, they waited until he came up. 

"It's rather steep," said Elsie, giving Andrew a sympathetic glance. "Here's a nice flat stone; we'll rest for a few minutes." 

She sat down on a slab of lichened granite, and Dick found a place beside her. 

"I wonder why Andrew loaded himself up with that heavy ruck-sack on a day like this?" he said. "I suppose there's a pair of marine glasses and a chart, and a parallel rule and compass, inside of it. Andrew thinks he'd get lost if he didn't carry the lot about when he risks himself ashore." 

"They're all there," Andrew replied somewhat grimly. "Still, it wasn't the bag that stopped me." 

"I'm sorry we forced the pace," Elsie said. "You were going well at the bottom."  What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who was delighted by the sounds
2. Where did the sun burn down on?
3. What was calling as they skimmed the steep downward?
4. Did Andrew love the sea?
5. Who was moving up the hill beside Elsie?
6. And behind them?
7. Did Andrew keep moving?
8. What did he do then?
9. Did the others wait for him when he stopped?
10. Who told him it was steep?
11. Where did she sit down?
12. Beside who?
13. Who questioned Andrew?
14. Who said they were sorry?
Answer: 1. Andrew
2. the heather
3. Grouse
4. yes
5. Whitney
6. Dick
7. no
8. he came up
9. yes
10. Elsie
11. on a slab of lichened granite
12. Dick
13. Dick
14. Elsie

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XX 

THE PLUNGE 

Supper was over at the Farnam homestead and Agatha enjoyed the cool of the evening on the veranda with her hosts and George. The school had closed for the holidays, and George had arrived as the meal from which they had just got up was served. Although he had not stated his object yet, Agatha knew why he had come and shrank from the vigorous protest she expected him to make. In the meantime, she had something else to think about and listened for the noise of wheels. 

Farnam's hired man had driven across to the settlement in the afternoon and she wondered, rather anxiously, whether he would bring her a telegram. She had written to Thirlwell, telling him when she would be ready to begin her search for the ore, and now waited his reply. Her letter might take some time to reach him, and she must allow for his messenger's journey to the railroad from the mine; but she knew she would feel restless until the answer came. 

The evening was calm, the air was fresher than in the city, and she found the quiet soothing. A field of timothy grass near the house rippled languidly, the dark heads rising stiffly upright when the faint breeze dropped. Sometimes there was a movement among the tall blades and feathery plumes of the Indian corn, and then the rustle stopped and everything was still. Beyond the zig-zag fence, the fruit trees ran back in rows that converged and melted into a blurred mass at the edge of the bush. The narrow landscape had no prominent feature. It was smooth and calm, and Agatha found it rested her eyes and brain. She wanted to be tranquil, but must shortly rouse herself when Mrs. Farnam and George began their joint attack. George had an ominously determined look, and she knew Mabel would give him her support.  1. Did they already have dinner?
2. Where?
3. who are guests at the house?
4. Is George a guest?
5. Did he get there in time to eat?
6. Why is school not in session?
7. Where are they hanging out?
8. What time of day is it?
9. How's the temperature?
10. What does she want to hear?
11. Is she expecting something?
12. Who might deliver it?
13. who is it from?
14. How is the wait making her feel?
15. Where is Thirlwell?
16. Do they grow crops here?
17. What is one of them?
18. Do you know of another?
19. Who will team up for an assault?
numbered_answers:
1. yes
2. at the Farnam homestead
3. Agatha
4. no
5. no
6. The school had closed for the holidays
7. on the veranda
8. evening
9. it was cool
10. the noise of wheels.
11. a telegram.
12. Farnam's hired man
13. Thirlwell
14. anxious
15. the mine;
16. yes
17. Indian corn
18. fruit trees
19. Mrs. Farnam and George