Question: On a stormy day last August, Tim heard someone shouting. Looking at the sea carefully, he saw that two kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea. Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, had rowed out in a boat to _ a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The boys were terrified and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for _ and the boat was out of control. Tim knew that it would soon be swallowed by the waves. "Everything went quiet in my head," Tim recalls. "I'm trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line." Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. "At one point, I considered turning back," he says. "I wondered if I was putting my life at risk." After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to shout to the boys, "Take down the umbrella!" "Let's aim for the pier ," Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. "Can you swim?" he cried. "A little bit," the boys said. Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys' faces. "Are we almost there?" they asked again and again. "Yes," Tim told them each time. After 30 minutes, they reached the pier. ,. 1. How old were the boys who went out to sea?
2. What were there names?
3. Who heard them shouting?
4. What was caught in the wind and pulled the boat out?
5. What did Tim do before he jumped in the ocean?
6. Did he turn back?
7. What did he wonder?
8. Did he struggle for 60 minutes?
9. What did he do after 30 minutes?
10. What did he tell them to do?
11. Could the boys swim?
12. Where did Tim pull the boys toward?
13. Did they only have one life jacket?
14. What did they ask over and over?
15. Did it take them 45 minutes to get back?
16. How long did it take them? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. 12
2. Christian and Jack
3. Tim
4. a beach umbrella
5. took off his clothes
6. no
7. if he was putting his life at risk
8. no
9. he shouted to the boys
10. Take down the umbrella
11. A little bit
12. the pier
13. no
14. Are we almost there?
15. no
16. 30 minutes


Question: CHAPTER XIX GOOD MONEY FOR BAD 

At luncheon Josie appeared at the table, fresh as ever, and Mary Louise began to relate to her and to her grandfather the occurrences of the morning. When she came to tell how Sol Jerrems had declared the money counterfeit, Josie suddenly sprang up and swung her napkin around her head, shouting gleefully: 

"Glory hallelujah! I've got him. I've trapped Old Swallowtail at last." 

They looked at her in amazement. 

"What do you mean?" asked Mary Louise. 

Josie sobered instantly. 

"Forgive me," she said; "I'm ashamed of myself. Go on with the story. What became of that counterfeit bill?" 

"Mr. Jerrems has it yet. He is keeping it to show to a commercial traveler, who is to visit his store to-morrow. If the man declares the money is good, then Ingua may buy her things." 

"We won't bother the commercial traveler," said Josie, in a tone of relief. "I'm going straight down to the store to redeem that bill. I want it in my possession." 

Colonel Hathaway regarded her gravely. 

"I think our female detective, having said so much and having exhibited such remarkable elation, must now explain her discoveries to us more fully," said he. 

"I'd rather not, just yet," protested Josie. "But what have I said in my madness, and what did my words imply?" 

"From the little I know of this case," replied the Colonel, "I must judge that you believe Mr. Cragg to be a counterfeiter, and that his mysterious business is--to counterfeit. In this out-of-the-way place," he continued, thoughtfully, "such a venture might be carried on for a long time without detection. Yet there is one thing that to me forbids this theory."  1. What did Josie call Mr. Cragg?
2. Who told the story about the money?
3. Was the money declared good?
4. Who said it wasn't?
5. Was Josie sad about this?
6. How do you know?
7. Was she sitting still when she shouted?
8. What did she wave in the air?
9. Was she proud of herself for being so happy?
10. How did she feel?
11. Who has the money now?
12. Does Mr. Jerrems own a bar?
13. Does he own a store?
14. Who is going to show the money too?
15. When?
16. Does Josie agree with the plan?
17. Does she want the money herself?
18. What is her grandfather's name?
19. What does he call his grand daughter?
20. Does he agree with her theory? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Old Swallowtail
2. Josie
3. No.
4. Sol Jerrems
5. No.
6. She shouted gleefully.
7. No
8. Her napkin
9. No
10. ashamed
11. Mr. Jerrems
12. No.
13. Yes.
14. A commercial traveler
15. tomorrow
16. No.
17. Yes.
18. Colonel Hathaway
19. our female detective
20. No


Question: Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers". Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers. 

Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by the 1944 book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior", co-written with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty. 

This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. With the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences going to game theorist Jean Tirole in 2014, eleven game-theorists have now won the economics Nobel Prize. John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology. 1. What was developed in the fifties?
2. By one person?
3. How then?
4. What was it put with in the seventies?
5. For the first time?
6. What is the definition of this topic?
7. How many applications is it practiced with?
8. And they are?
9. What did it initially work as?
10. Who proofed it?
11. Did he write a publication?
12. Called?
13. When did he write it?
14. Did he write it by himself?
15. Who helped?
16. How many people who work with this concept have received a special achievement?
17. What was it?
18. Any other special achievements?
19. What was it?
20. Who got it? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Game theory
2. no
3. by many scholars
4. biology
5. no
6. the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers
7. at least 6
8. economics, political science, psychology, logic, computer science and biology
9. zero-sum games
10. John von Neumann
11. yes
12. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
13. 1944
14. no
15. Oskar Morgenstern
16. eleven
17. the economics Nobel Prize
18. yes
19. the Crafoord Prize
20. John Maynard Smith