Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
"Mobile phones killed our man,"screamed one headline last year.Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.For anyone who uses a mobile phone,these are worring times.But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scared and you will hear a different story. 

What we do have,however,are some results suggesting that mobile phones'emission have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can't be explained by the general radiation biology.And it's only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that we'll be able to say for sure what moblie phones might be doing to the brain. 

One of the strange effects comes from the now famous "memory loss" study Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that copied the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers.The volunteers were all good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen.Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end.But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities."I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,"he says. 

Another expert,Tatterasll,remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss.One result,for instance,suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more--rather than less--receptive to under--going changes linked to the memory formation. 

It would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you.It sounds crazy,but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California,found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer--causing chemical. 

So should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and making us unable to think clearly or reasonably? 

"If it doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,"says William.And while there's still no absolute evidence that mobile phone does damage your memories or give your cancer,the _ is:Don't panic.
1. What did one headline say about mobile phones last year?
2. What did an unpublished study find mobile phones cause?
3. What was the name of the person who conducted the memory loss study
4. Where did he do the study?
5. Did he rule out the suggestion that mobile phones cause memory loss?
6. Did he determine there is an effect on short-term memory?
7. What did Tatterasll determine?
8. Who led the study on mice exposed to microwaves?
9. Where was the study conducted?
10. Did the study conclude that mice were more likely to develop brain tumours after being exposed to microwave?
11. Does the author think we should have some concern about mobile phone radiation?

Numbered answers:
1. Mobile phones killed our man
2. They cause memory loss
3. Alan Preece
4. University of Bristo
5. No
6. No
7. He removed fears about memory loss,
8. William Adey
9. At the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California
10. No
11. No


Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 13th century until 1795. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija. 

The Grand Duchy later expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other Slavic lands, including territory of present-day Belarus, parts of Ukraine, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state with great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage. 

Consolidation of the Lithuanian lands began in the late 12th century. Mindaugas, the first ruler of the Grand Duchy, was crowned as Catholic King of Lithuania in 1253. The pagan state was targeted in the religious crusade by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order. The multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state emerged only at the late reign of Gediminas and continued to expand under his son Algirdas. Algirdas's successor Jogaila signed the Union of Krewo in 1386, bringing two major changes in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: conversion to Catholicism and establishment of a dynastic union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
1. What state is this about?
2. What state within Lithuania in particular?
3. What year did it begin
4. Who was the first ruler?
5. What religion was he?
6. When did the state end?
7. About when was it the largest?
8. What continent?
9. Did everyone speak the same language?
10. Was everyone Catholic?
11. Was everyone religious?

Numbered answers:
1. Lithuania
2. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3. 1253.
4. Mindaugas
5. Catholic
6. 1795
7. 15th century
8. Europe
9. no
10. no
11. no


Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). 

Founded and currently led by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations which maintain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. , the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has 463 members. 

The W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web. 

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) in October, 1994. It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the European Commission and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which had pioneered the Internet and its predecessor ARPANET. 

The organization tries to foster compatibility and agreement among industry members in the adoption of new standards defined by the W3C. Incompatible versions of HTML are offered by different vendors, causing inconsistency in how web pages are displayed. The consortium tries to get all those vendors to implement a set of core principles and components which are chosen by the consortium.
1. Who leads the WC3?
2. Did he also found it?
3. When?
4. Which month?
5. Where?
6. Was he with someone else previously?
7. Who?
8. Do they use an acronym?
9. What is it?
10. Do they try to foster anything with its members?
11. Name one thing?
12. Anything else?
13. What?
14. Does the W3C set any standards?
15. Local ones?
16. Which type?
17. Did anyone support the forming of the group?
18. Who?
19. Anyone else?
20. Who?


Numbered answers:
1. Tim Berners-Lee
2. yes
3. 1994
4. October
5. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science
6. yes
7. the European Organization for Nuclear Research
8. yes
9. CERN
10. yes
11. compatibility
12. yes
13. agreement
14. yes
15. no
16. World Wide
17. yes
18. the European Commission
19. yes
20. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency