Question: Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania extending from New Guinea island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji. 

The region includes the four countries of Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea.
Besides these independent countries, Melanesia also includes: 

The name "Melanesia" (in French "Mélanésie" from the Greek , "black", and , "islands") was first used by Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1832 to denote an ethnic and geographical grouping of islands whose inhabitants he thought were distinct from those of Micronesia and Polynesia. 

The name "Melanesia" ("islands of dark [people]") is one of several toponyms sharing similar etymologies, ultimately meaning "land of the blacks" or similar meanings, in reference to the dark skin of the inhabitants. The concept among Europeans of Melanesia as a distinct region evolved gradually over time as their expeditions mapped and explored the Pacific. Early European explorers noted the physical differences among groups of Pacific Islanders. In 1756 Charles de Brosses theorized that there was an 'old black race' in the Pacific who were conquered or defeated by the peoples of what is now called Polynesia, whom he distinguished as having lighter skin. In the first half of the nineteenth century Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent and Jules Dumont d'Urville identified Melanesians as a distinct racial group. 1. What area of the world is Melanesia in?
2. Which island starts it?
3. Which place ends it?
4. How many countries are in it?
5. Is Vanuatu one of them?
6. Which language is the name from?
7. What does the name mean?
8. Who created the term?
9. When?
10. To label what?
11. Did he think they were different from other groups?
12. How many other groups?
13. What were their names?
14. Who described these people as different from others?
15. Who else?
16. When did de Brosses make his theory?
17. What did he think had existed?
18. What happened to them?
19. By whom?
20. What was different about the Polynesians? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Oceania
2. New Guinea
3. Fiji
4. four
5. yes
6. French
7. islands of dark [people]
8. Jules Dumont d'Urville
9. in 1832
10. an ethnic and geographical grouping of islands
11. yes
12. two
13. Micronesia and Polynesia
14. Jules Dumont d'Urville
15. Charles de Brosses
16. In 1756
17. an 'old black race'
18. they were conquered or defeated
19. the peoples of what is now called Polynesia
20. they had lighter skin


Question: Today we tell about Louisa May Alcott. She wrote . In 1868, an American publisher asked Louisa May Alcott to write a book for girls. At first, she was not sure if she wanted to do it. She said she didn't like girls. However, she decided to write the book finally. She told about her experiences growing up in the northeast of the United States. The book was quite interesting. became one of the most popular children's books in American literature. It was published in more than 50 languages. Alcott was born in Pennsylvania in 1832. The Alcotts did not have much money. She tried teaching, sewing and taking care of children. She did not like any of these jobs. At the age of 16, she wrote her first book, . Her stories were exciting, but unreal. She sold them to newspapers and magazines for money. The first volume of came out in 1868. It made Alcott famous and get a lot of money. She continued writing other popular books for young people. These books included , and . Alcott wrote many exciting stories about love. But she was single all her life. She continued to help her family during the last years of her life. 1. Who is the main person in this passage?
2. Who asked her to write a book for girls?
3. In what year?
4. What was Louisa's reaction?
5. Why?
6. Where did she grew up in?
7. Did she finally write the book?
8. Did it become one of the most popular book?
9. In how many languages was it published?
10. In what year was Alcott born?
11. Where exactly?
12. What other jobs did she have?
13. Did she like any of it?
14. At what age did she write a book?
15. Did she become famous?
16. Was she single throughout her life?
17. Was she helpful towards her family? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Louisa
2. an American publisher
3. 1868
4. she was not sure
5. she didn't like girls
6. the northeast
7. Yes
8. Yes
9. more than 50
10. 1832
11. in Pennsylvania
12. teaching, sewing and taking care of children
13. No
14. 16
15. Yes
16. Yes
17. Yes


Question: Arizona (; ; O'odham: "Alĭ ṣonak" [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. 

Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of "Alta California" in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase. 

Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; some mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. 1. What territory is this about?
2. Was it one of the first states?
3. What number was it?
4. When did it become official?
5. Is it cold there?
6. What did it belong to beforehand?
7. Where was that?
8. Who fought against each other?
9. Who won?
10. What part of the country is AZ in?
11. How many states are bigger?
12. How does it rank in population?
13. What is the capitol?
14. Is that a small place?
15. What other country does it border?
16. How big is that?
17. What kind of forestry does it have?
18. Any others?
19. Such as?
20. Does it ever snow there? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Arizona
2. no
3. the 48th
4. February 14, 1912
5. no
6. Alta California
7. New Spain
8. Mexico and America
9. America
10. the southwestern region
11. five
12. 14th
13. Phoenix
14. no
15. Mexico
16. 389 miles
17. pine
18. yes
19. Douglas fir and spruce trees
20. yes