Q: To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). 

The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).

Answer the following questions:
1. How is Old Style abbreviated?
2. How about new style?
3. Dual dating uses how many years in succession?
4. What dates are included in dual dating?
5. OS and NS dictate the start of what year?
6. When does Julian year begin?
7. The Gregorian calendar modified which version?
8. When was the Julian calendar modified?
A: 1. OS
2. NS
3. two
4. Julian and Gregorian
5. Julian
6. 1 January
7. Julian
8. 1582
Q: Jim wanted to make a fun meal one day. After thinking about it for a long time, he chose to make a chicken dish. Jim made a trip to the store to collect all of the different things he would need to make this meal. He drove his blue truck to the store. On the way he passed a green car, a red van, and a yellow bus. When he got to the store, he met his friends Bob & Mark. He asked if they had seen his friend Joe, but they said no. At the store, Jim bought two pieces of chicken, tomato sauce, cheese, and bread. He drove back to the house, but he saw that something was missing. He had forgotten to grab the bag with the bread in it. He drove back to the store, apologized to the clerk, and grabbed his bag with the bread inside. When he got home, he began to get the food ready. It took him an hour to get the chicken ready to cook and the oven heated up. After that, it took him another hour to cook the food. He had to wait another hour after it was done cooking for his dinner guests to arrive. When they finally arrived, everyone told Jim how wonderful the food tasted, and everyone at the table asked for seconds. Jim smiled, glad that everyone loved this meal that he had worked so hard to make.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who made food?
2. What kind of meal did he want to make?
3. Was it vegetarian?
4. What was it made with?
5. How many different colored cars did he pass?
6. And how many different color vehicles total?
7. Did he see anyone at the store?
8. Who?
9. What were they to him?
10. Who wasn't at the store?
11. What did Jim forget to buy?
A: 1. Jim
2. a fun meal
3. no
4. chicken, tomato sauce, cheese, and bread
5. One
6. Three
7. yes
8. Bob & Mark
9. friends
10. Joe
11. unknown
Q: World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945. Life changed for everybody, including women and children because of the war. Millions of people lost their lives during the war. The Diary of a Young Girl was a record of that time. The book was written by a girl named Anne Frank. Anne Frank was born in Germany in June 1929. Because the German Nazi hated the Jews and warned to kill them, her family had to move to another country. In July 1942, they went into hiding in a secret place in her father's office. During that difficult time, Anne kept writing diaries until she and her family were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944. They were caught and sent to a Nazi camp. The next year, her mother died. In the same year, she and her elder sister died of illness, before the war ended. After the war, her father collected her diaries and the book The Diary of a Young Girl came out in 1947. It has been put into over 30 languages since then. The book has been read by people all over the world. In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future, "I want the diary to be my friend, and I'm going to call this friend Kitty." "I can't spend all day complaining because it's impossible to have any fun! ... Every day, I feel the beauty of nature and the goodness of the people around me. With all that, why should 1 be sad?" The Diary of a Young Girl has also become a symbol of the greatness of the human spirit. It is called one of the wisest and most moving records on war.

Answer the following questions:
1. Which war is the story taking place during?
2. What book is the story about?
3. What's the author's name?
4. Where was she from?
5. Why did she leave Germany?
6. Did her family survive the war?
7. None of the family members?
8. When were her diaries published?
9. Where did people read the book?
10. Was it translated into another language?
11. How many?
12. When did the family start hiding?
13. Where?
14. What does the book represent today?
15. What did Anne call her diary?
16. Was she sad?
17. Why not?
18. How many people died during the war?
19. How long did it last?
20. Did Anne have siblings?
A:
1. World War II
2. The Diary of a Young Girl
3. Anne Frank
4. Germany
5. Because the German Nazi hated the Jews and warned to kill them
6. No
7. Only her father
8. 1947
9. All over the world
10. Yes
11. over 30
12. In July 1942
13. a secret place in her father's office.
14. the greatness of the human spirit.
15. Kitty
16. No
17. She saw the beauty of nature and goodness of people around her
18. Millions
19. 6 years
20. Yes