Problem: Many early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullée's ideas and Edmund Burke's conception of the sublime. Ledoux addressed the concept of architectural character, maintaining that a building should immediately communicate its function to the viewer: taken literally such ideas give rise to "architecture parlante". 

The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.
1. What didn't the English like?
2. Who influenced their architecture?
3. What was written about British architecture?
4. Who wrote that?
5. When?
6. Was it popular?
7. It mostly contained whose architecture?
8. How many architects gave ideas to the 1800s?
9. What type did they influence?
10. Whose thoughts are compared to Edmund Burke's?
11. What idea are they compared to?
12. What did he use to draw?
13. Did he think the world would end?
14. What did the other architect think?
15. How quickly should it?
16. What is a term for that?
17. How many important books were written about English architecture?
18. When?
19. Which one was last?
20. What style of architecture became popular in England?
Answer: 1. baroque style
2. by Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux.
3. Vitruvius Britannicus
4. Colen Campbell
5. in 1715
6. it was most popular
7. Vitruvius
8. possibly two
9. neoclassical architects
10. Boullée's
11. conception of the sublime
12. spare geometrical architecture
13. no
14. that a building communicates its function
15. immediately
16. "architecture parlante"
17. Four
18. the 18th century
19. The Designs of Inigo Jones
20. Palladian architecture

Problem: (CNN) -- One of four former Khmer Rouge leaders charged with crimes against humanity was ruled unfit to stand trial and could be set free, a spokesman for the special U.N. court in Cambodia said Thursday. 

Lars Olsen said the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia decided that Ieng Thirith, the 78-year-old former minister of social affairs in the Khmer Rouge regime, was "not fit to stand trial as she has dementia." 

Prosecutors have 24 hours to object to the court's decision, Olsen said. If there is no objection, Ieng Thirith will be released, he added. 

Opening statements by the defendants are scheduled for Monday. 

Ieng Thirith was the only woman among the four defendants in the trial, which charges surviving leaders of the four-year Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s with crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, genocide, homicide, torture and religious persecution. 

The other defendants are her husband, Ieng Sary, the former Khmer Rouge foreign minister; Khieu Samphon, the nominal head of state; and Nuon Chea, the prime minister, also known as Brother Number 2. 

The head of the Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot, was known as Brother Number 1. He died in 1998, long before the U.N.-backed court came into existence. 

Under Pol Pot's leadership, the Khmer Rouge regime was responsible for the deaths of millions of ordinary Cambodians during a four-year reign of terror that was eventually halted in 1979 by invading Vietnamese forces. 

In 1975, the Khmer Rouge ordered people out of Phnom Penh, the capital, and other cities in Cambodia to work in the countryside. 
1. Who is Lars Olsen?
2. Who is leng Thirith?
3. How old is she?
4. What did Lars Olsen say about her?
5. Has she been charged with crimes?
6. Does she have co-defendents?
7. Who are they?
8. Name one of the crimes they are charged with?
9. And another?
10. What country did these things happen in?
11. What is its capital?
12. Which faction or group were the defendents part of ?
13. How long did it last?
14. When did it end?
15. Who was its head?
16. What other name was he known by?
17. Who was Brother Number 2?
18. What did the Khmer Rouge do in 1975?
19. How many Cambodians died?
20. Is brother no 2 one of the defendents?
21. How many women are defendents?
Answer: 1. A spokesman for the special U.N. court
2. Former minister of social affairs in the Khmer Rouge regime
3. 78
4. She was "not fit to stand trial as she has dementia."
5. Yes
6. Yes
7. Ieng Sary, Khieu Samphon, and Nuon Chea
8. Crimes against humanity
9. Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions
10. Cambodia
11. Phnom Penh
12. Khmer Rouge
13. Four years
14. 1979
15. Pol Pot
16. Brother Number 1
17. Nuon Chea
18. Ordered people to work in the countryside.
19. Millions
20. Yes
21. One

Problem: DOS is a family of disk operating systems primarily consisting of MS-DOS and a rebranded version under the name IBM PC DOS which were introduced in 1981, as well as some later compatible systems from other manufacturers: DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1998). MS-DOS dominated the x86-based IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995. 

Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym "DOS", including the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others are Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS. 

IBM PC DOS (and the separately sold MS-DOS) and its predecessor, 86-DOS, resembled Digital Research's CP/M—the dominant disk operating system for 8-bit Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 based microcomputers. DOS instead ran on Intel 8086 16-bit processors. Starting with MS-DOS 1.28 and PC DOS 2.0 the operating system incorporated various features inspired by Xenix, Microsoft's variant of Unix. 

When IBM introduced the IBM PC, built with the Intel 8088 microprocessor, they needed an operating system. Seeking an 8088-compatible build of CP/M, IBM initially approached Microsoft CEO Bill Gates (possibly believing that Microsoft owned CP/M due to the Microsoft Z-80 SoftCard, which allowed CP/M to run on an Apple II). IBM was sent to Digital Research, and a meeting was set up. However, the initial negotiations for the use of CP/M broke down; Digital Research wished to sell CP/M on a royalty basis, while IBM sought a single license, and to change the name to "PC DOS". Digital Research founder Gary Kildall refused, and IBM withdrew.
1. what oprocessor did IBM use int heir PC?
2. who did IBM initially approach?
3. why did they talkk to him?
4. what card might have given that impression?
5. what did that do?
6. what does DOS stand for?
7. name 2 main versions?
8. when were they introduced?
9. which market did MD-DOS dominate?
10. what years?
11. what year was FreeDOS launched?
12. what launched in 1988
13. which  mainframe OS uses the acronym?
14. how many Apple versions were there?
15. name one
Answer:
1. 16-bit
2. Bill Gates
3. possibly believing that Microsoft owned CP/M
4. the Microsoft Z-80 SoftCard
5. allowed CP/M to run on an Apple II
6. disk operating systems
7. MS-DOS and  IBM PC DOS
8. in 1981
9. the x86-based IBM PC compatible market
10. 1981 and 1995
11. 1998
12. DR-DOS
13. DOS/360
14. Two
15. Apple ProDOS