Question: Process:  - Fluid - Waste enters the kidneys - A processing moment in the kidneys let waste and fluid pass - Prevents larger molecules to pass - Fluid goes back to the bloodstream - Bad waste is removed - The final product is turned into urine.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose it is very warm happens, how will it affect LESS waste being removed from the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

Question: Process:  - Networks of trees start forming - The trees die off - The dead material provides nutrients for more trees - The rising trees provide shelter - And more organisms begin to thrive - The ecosystem known as a forest is made.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are fewer trees to die happens, how will it affect there is less nutritious material available for new ones.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

Question: Process:  - The consumer throws aluminum cans and foil into a recycle bin - The aluminum is collected - Taken to a treatment plant - The aluminum is sorted and cleaned ready for reprocessing - The aluminum is re-melted - Turned into molten aluminum - The aluminum is made into large blocks called ingots - The ingots are sent to mills to be rolled out - The rolled out product is made into new aluminum products.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more health ingredients happens, how will it affect more new aluminum products are made.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer:
no