Process:  - The flu virus has receptors, which are like viral Velcro, on the surface of the virus particle - The receptors will lock onto a target cell using these chemical receptors on the surface, which docks onto the cell surface - The receptors  then go into the cell - The receptors use it like a factory - The receptors take it over and make it produce thousands or in some cases millions of copies of new viruses - The copies come streaming out of the cell - The copies infect other cells to make more viruses, or they escape from the body and infect a new victim -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more new viruses created happens, how will it affect MORE cells being damaged.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - He air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases - Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body - At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide - Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled - Your lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose when one has low water levels in the body happens, how will it affect a GREATER amount of oxygen being delivered to the blood stream.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - A forest fire starts - The fire surrounds the vicinity - The animals are trapped - Those that survive have their habitat destroyed - The survivors must find a new habitat - Conflict with other animals occur.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there will be more rain happens, how will it affect a SMALLER negative effect on animals.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - A bird lays eggs in a nest - The parent(s) incubate the eggs - The eggs hatch - The mother (and sometimes the father) bird take care of the baby birds - The baby birds grow up and get their flight feathers - The young birds learn to fly and leave the nest - The adult birds find mates and mate.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Mother bird ferocious and attacks more predators happens, how will it affect "more eggs wont incubate".  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

Ans: yes