input question: Process:  - Coal is loaded into the firebox - The boiler produces steam under high pressure - The steam generated in the boiler flows down into a cylinder - Just ahead of the wheels, pushing a tight-fitting plunger, the piston - The piston is connected to one or more of the locomotive&#x27;s wheels through a kind of arm-elbow-shoulder joint called a crank and connecting rod - As the piston pushes, the crank and connecting rod turn the locomotive&#x27;s wheels and power the train along - An outlet valve opens and the piston pushes the steam back through the cylinder and out up the locomotive&#x27;s chimney -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more resources available happens, how will it affect more coal available.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: yes


Process:  - Food is put into mouth - Food is chewed and mixed with saliva (spit) - Food travels down the esophagus (throat) - Food travels into the stomach - Acid in the stomach breaks the food down further - Food travels into the small intestine - Nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood stream - Food travels into the large intestine - Most of the remaining material is now waste - The waste is eventually removed from the body.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more food is broken down by the stomach happens, how will it affect LESS food being digested.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Q: Process:  - A forest fire starts - The trees and plants burn - The animals lose their homes - If the animals can not escape, they may die from smoke inhalation - The plants that provide food are gone - The animals have little to eat -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose everyone had many drinks happens, how will it affect forest is burned down by fire.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: no


Question: Process:  - Animals eat a lot during good (warm, clear) weather - Animals gain weight - The season changes to one with bad (cold, snowy) weather - Animals find a place to hibernate - Animals enter a type of &#x27;sleep&#x27; (hibernation) - Body processes slow down - The animal&#x27;s heart rate and breathing rate slow - The animal loses weight more slowly than usual - The animal is able to survive not eating or drinking without hurting itself -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose animal will not have enough body fat to last the winter happens, how will it affect HURTING the animal to hibernate properly.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Air enters the nose or mouth and travels through the windpipe into the lungs - The lungs have a series of smaller and finer tubes and sacs - Air reaches the smallest and finest air sacs called alveoli - Oxygen travels from the alveoli into the blood - Oxygen-rich blood is carried to the heart - Oxygen-rich blood is pumped throughout the body by the heart - Cells take in the oxygen rich blood and release carbon dioxide rich blood - The carbon dioxide rich blood travels to the lungs - Carbon dioxide travels through the throat and is exhaled.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the machine having a larger carafe happens, how will it affect more oxygen-rich air carried to the heart.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no


Problem: Given the question: Process:  - Someone is infected with bacteria - That bacteria begins to grow and reproduce inside the cells - The dividing bacteria begin to make toxins - Those toxins damage your cells - Disease symptoms may begin.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the body is given an antibiotic happens, how will it affect MORE SEVERE disease occurring.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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The answer is:

yes