[Q]: Process:  - Air is drawn in through the mouth - The air goes down the esophagus - The air moves into the lungs - The carbon dioxide is removed - The remaining oxygen enters the body - The remaining carbon dioxide is expelled through the mouth.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose a person is having difficulties breathing happens, how will it affect less oxygen enters the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - The kidneys receive blood through the renal artery - The blood is passed through the nephrons in the kidneys - The kidneys filter the waste from the blood - The clean blood is circulated out of the kidneys - Excess water and waste is expelled from the kidneys in the form of urine.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is no kidney in the body happens, how will it affect waste is filtered out.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Bread is exposed to the elements - Bread absorbs water from the air - Bread absorbs warmth from the air - Dust particles with mold spores fall on bread - Mold spores start to consume the bread for energy - Mold colonies grow until they are visible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Bread is left out in the air happens, how will it affect Bread is protected from mold spores.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Get some seeds - Pick a spot to plant them - Dig a hole in the dirt - Put the seed in the hole - Pour some water on the seed and hole - Cover up the hole - Press down on it - Spray some plant food on it.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose no water available happens, how will it affect bigger amount of water received by vegetables.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
****
[A]:
yes