Process:  - Magma is formed when rock melts inside the Earth&#x27;s crust - Magma rises - Collects inside magma chambers underneath a volcano - Pressure builds in the magma chambers as they fill - Gain energy for eruption - Some of the energy is converted into seismic activity (earthquakes) - If the magma building in the volcano is thick and sticky it will trap gases - Results in an explosive eruption when the pressure becomes too intense - If the magma is thin and runs - The magma results in a low-pressure, slow-moving flow of magma instead of a violent eruption -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose magma is formed in the ground happens, how will it affect pressure builds up under crust.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Q: Process:  - Human beings burn fossil fuels (oil, gas, etc.) - Carbon dioxide from the burning fossil fuels enter the atmosphere - The make-up of the atmosphere changes - Some energy from the sun cannot escape back through the changed atmosphere - The earth begins to heat because of the extra trapped energy - Human beings cut down trees - Human beings do not re-plant the trees - Trees cannot help take the extra carbon dioxide from the atmosphere - The extra trapped energy starts to change the earth&#x27;s short term weather - Eventually the long-term climate patterns start to change -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more carbon dioxide available happens, how will it affect less global warming occurs.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes


Question: Process:  - Body temperature rises - The brain tells blood vessels to dilate - The sweat glands become active - Moisture is released from the pores - The moisture evaporates - The evaporation causes cooling.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose "persons body temperature is lowered" happens, how will it affect MORE body cooling occurring.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Bacteria enters the body - Bloodstream - Cells in the body are attacked - Cells are killed - Different kinds of sickness are formed.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the ovaries did not produce an egg happens, how will it affect less cells attacked.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no


input: Please answer the following: Process:  - A person takes in oxygen through their nose or mouth - The oxygen travels into the body - Breaks down into glucose - Carbon dioxide is produced by the glucose breakdown - The carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body through the nose or mouth.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose it starts to snow happens, how will it affect more breakdown of glucose.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: no


Process:  - Bread is exposed to the elements - Bread absorbs water from the air - Bread absorbs warmth from the air - Dust particles with mold spores fall on bread - Mold spores start to consume the bread for energy - Mold colonies grow until they are visible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the nest is torn down happens, how will it affect LESS mold forming on bread.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
no