In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

id., 77. we observed further that ""the involvement of a police officer in the interview does not automatically preclude a statement from falling within the medical diagnosis and treatment exception.""
non-overruling

for these reasons we believe that board of education v. chattin, supra, should be overruled to the extent that it conflicts with the views herein set out.
overruling

consequently, the proposed claims against clay would be futile, and we conclude that there was no abuse of discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion to amend.

non-overruling

