Problem: Given the question: Process:  - Blood carried into kidney by the renal artery - Nephrons in the kidney filter the blood - The waste that is filtered out mixes with water - Become urine - Ureters carry urine out of the kidneys.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the sunlight increases happens, how will it affect MORE waste being removed from the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
no


Problem: Given the question: Process:  - A plant dies - The remains of the plant are buried very fast in sediment - The soft parts of the plant decay - The hard parts of the plant are replaced with minerals - The sediment turns into rock - The rock erodes - The fossil appears on the surface of the ground.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the plant has a deficency of chlorophyll happens, how will it affect minerals replace the hard parts of the plant less quickly.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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The answer is:
no


Problem: Given the question: Process:  - Fuel mixes with air - Mix gets inducted into cylinder - Piston compresses the mix - Spark plug emits a spark that ignites it causing combustion - Combustion gases expand - Pushes piston during power stroke - Exhaust valve opens to vent exhaust out tail pipe.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the weather has been rainy recently happens, how will it affect the piston does not compress.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:

no