Q: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
of relief. Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a). 32 . See also Avakian v. Chulengarian, 328 Ill.App.3d 147, 262 Ill.Dec. 663, 766 N.E.2d 283, 294 (2002); Tucker v. St. James Hosp., 279 Ill.App.3d 696, 216 Ill.Dec. 332, 665 N.E.2d 392, 396 (1996). 33 . This conclusion also is consistent with the few of our sister circuits that have addressed this precise issue. See, e.g., Liggon-Redding v. Estate of Sugarman, 659 F.3d 258, 261-65 (3d Cir.2011) (finding no conflict between Rule 8 or Rule 11 and a Pennsylvania statute requiring a “certificate of merit” to be filed in professional malpractice claims); Chamberlain v. Giampapa, 210 F.3d 154, 158-61 (3d Cir.2000) (finding no conflict between Rule 8 or Rule 9 and a similar New Jersey law); cf. Littlepaige v. United States, 528 F. App'x 289, 292-93 (4th Cir.2013) (<HOLDING>). 34 . R.40 at 2 (citation omitted). 35 . R.49 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that discovery rule applied to wrongful death action predicated on medical malpractice (B) holding amendment to statute of limitations was a procedural amendment to be applied retroactively in a medical malpractice case (C) holding expert testimony is generally required to establish proximate cause in medical malpractice cases (D) holding the provisions of a comprehensive medical malpractice act unconstitutional (E) holding that a north carolina rule requiring an expert certification in a medical malpractice case applied in a federal tort claims act case sounding in medical malpractice brought in federal court
A:
(E)