Process:  - The carafe is filled with water - The water is poured into the machine at the back - Coffee beans are put into a grinder - The grinder is activated - A filter is put into the coffee maker - The ground coffee is put into the filter - Sometimes a bit of salt is added to the grounds to bring out flavor - The top of the machine is closed - The power is turned on - The water passes through the grounds and becomes coffee.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less ice needed happens, how will it affect filling the coffee maker with water.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - People breathe and expel carbon dioxide - Engines produce carbon dioxide - Living things produce waste - Waste decomposes - Decomposition produces methane - Water evaporates - Water vapor joins the atmosphere - Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane are greenhouse gases -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more electric cars happens, how will it affect less carbon dioxide in environment.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - The flu virus has receptors, which are like viral Velcro, on the surface of the virus particle - The receptors will lock onto a target cell using these chemical receptors on the surface, which docks onto the cell surface - The receptors  then go into the cell - The receptors use it like a factory - The receptors take it over and make it produce thousands or in some cases millions of copies of new viruses - The copies come streaming out of the cell - The copies infect other cells to make more viruses, or they escape from the body and infect a new victim -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the body is health happens, how will it affect the infected virus spreads to receptors.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - Air is taken into the body via the nose or mouth - The air travels into the windpipe - The windpipe divides the air to the two lungs via the bronchial tubes - The lungs oxygenate the blood in the body - Carbon dioxide is filtered out by every cell in the body - The carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs via the bloodstream - The carbon dioxide is exhaled.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose lava chambers are aggravated with build up pressure happens, how will it affect MORE oxygen being brought to the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

Ans: no