Process:  - Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis - In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell - In prophase the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell - In metaphase the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere - In anaphase the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart - During telophase the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes - Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are more trees in the area happens, how will it affect more centrioles separation.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no


Process:  - The blood sugar drops in a body - Cells in the pancrease release glucagon - The liver in response turns the glucagon into glucose - And releases it into the blood - The blood sugar levels are restored.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more glucagon is released happens, how will it affect more glucose is made.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Process:  - Solar radiation reaches Earth's atmosphere - Some is reflected back into space - The rest of the energy is absorbed by land and oceans, heating the Earth - Heat radiates from Earth to space - Some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere - Human activities such as burning fuel are increasing the amount of greenhouses gases - This causes more heat radiation to stay trapped in our atmosphere - The Earth's temperature rises -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more people need the heat happens, how will it affect more energy absorbed by land.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
no