Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
See one example below:
Problem: 876 f.3d at 1306.
Solution: non-overruling
Explanation: It's a good example. This sentence doesn't overrule any law, So it's non-overruling.

Problem: these factors distinguish the case from the strawn and atkinson cases, supra, relied upon by plaintiff, and insofar as the duley case, supra, conflicts with the instant ruling on cause and effect it is no longer to be followed.
Solution:
overruling