Problem: Process:  - A machine called a pulverizer grinds the coal into a fine powder - The coal powder mixes with hot air, which helps the coal burn more efficiently, and the mixture moves to the furnace - The burning coal heats water in a boiler, creating steam - Steam released from the boiler powers an engine called a turbine, transforming heat energy from burning coal into mechanical energy that spins the turbine engine - The spinning turbine is used to power a generator, a machine that turns mechanical energy into electric energy - This happens when magnets inside a copper coil in the generator spin - A condenser cools the steam moving through the turbine - As the steam is condensed, it turns back into water - The water returns to the boiler, and the cycle begins again -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Coal cannot be grinded happens, how will it affect MORE coal arriving at the power station.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Your thermostat senses that the room temperature has fallen below your thermostat setting - Your thermostat sends a signal to your heating system to provide heat for your home - When your oil burner is engaged, heating oil travels from the tank to the burner by way of a pump - Here the oil becomes a fine mist mixed with air - The fuel/air mixture is then injected into the burner where it is ignited in the combustion chamber - The warm air is disbursed through vents, hot water through baseboards, or by steam radiators -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less oil will be used happens, how will it affect LESS heat for the house.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - A virus enters a host body - The virus has receptors that lock onto a target cell - The virus enters the cell - The virus uses the cell like a factory to make new copies of the virus - The new copies of the virus leave the cell - Infect other cells - The host gets sick as its cells are damaged.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more copies of virus made happens, how will it affect less cells are damaged.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Suns heat enters atmosphere - Green house gases enter from the earth - Heat is trapped in atmosphere - Different things on earth are hotter - The overall planet is hotter.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is a monsoon happens, how will it affect If things in earth are hotter.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no