Process:  - Magma is formed when rock melts inside the Earth&#x27;s crust - Magma rises - Collects inside magma chambers underneath a volcano - Pressure builds in the magma chambers as they fill - Gain energy for eruption - Some of the energy is converted into seismic activity (earthquakes) - If the magma building in the volcano is thick and sticky it will trap gases - Results in an explosive eruption when the pressure becomes too intense - If the magma is thin and runs - The magma results in a low-pressure, slow-moving flow of magma instead of a violent eruption -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the magma rises less happens, how will it affect more magma fills the chambers.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - Sediment settles in a place due to gravity - The sediment breaks down into small particles - Wind or water picks up the sediment - The sediment travels along the same route as the wind or water - The sediment is deposited at new locations by the wind or water - The sediment is picked up again by new wind or water - The sediment travels further - The sediment is deposited again in a new place.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the sedimentis being kept in a jar happens, how will it affect the sediment will not travel.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - A large rocky area is formed - The rocky area has a higher elevation than the surrounding areas - Water from precipitation falls in the area - The water forms a stream - The stream flows towards lower elevation - The stream becomes a river - The river continues to flow along the same path for a long time - The river erodes the rocky area that it touches - The eroded area cuts deeply into the rock.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more dissolved oxygen is picked up by blood cells happens, how will it affect LESS or SMALLER valleys being formed.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - You breathe oxygen into your body through the nose or mouth - The oxygen travels to the lungs through the windpipe - The air sacs in the lungs send the oxygen into the blood stream - The carbon dioxide in the blood stream is transferred to the air sacs - The lungs expel through the nose or mouth back into the environment.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose oxygen leaves air sacs and goes into bloodstream happens, how will it affect a GREATER amount of oxygen being delivered to the blood stream.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

Ans: yes