Process:  - To bake a cake you first need to gather your ingredients - Preheat the oven to desired baking temperature - Grease your preferred cake pan with crisco or butter or other non-stick spray - Add eggs and vegetable oil to the dry ingredients - Stir or whisk until all the dry flour has been absorbed - Pour the batter into the greased cake pan - Place cake pan into the oven for the required time - When a toothpick inserted into the cake comes out clean, the cake is done baking -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less/smaller valleys being formed happens, how will it affect a SMALLER cake.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - Add water to a pot - Put the pot over a source of heat - Turn the heat on - Wait for a few minutes - Begin to observe small bubbles in the water - Wait until the water starts to bubble a lot - Wait until you can see steam rising from the water - Turn the heat source off - Take the pot off of the heat source.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose a larger pan is used happens, how will it affect water will boil faster.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - Water gets into cracks in rocks - The water freezes into ice - The cracks expand - Over time the rocks split - The rocks are now in smaller pieces.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more aluminum is re-melted happens, how will it affect cracks expand less.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - Carbon dioxide from the air passes through small pores (holes) in the leaves - These pores are called stomata - Water is absorbed by the roots and passes through vessels in the stem on its way to the leaves - Chlorophyll absorbs the sun&#x27;s energy - It is this energy that is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen - Oxygen is released from the leaves into the atmosphere - Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose or food for plants.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more birds leave the nest happens, how will it affect more water passes to leaves.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

Ans: no