TASK DEFINITION: In this task you are expected to fix an SQL query based on feedback. You will be given an SQL statement and an English description with what is wrong about that SQL statement. You must correct the SQL statement based off of the feedback. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1. 
PROBLEM: SQL: SELECT incident_type_code , incident_type_description FROM Ref_Incident_Type GROUP BY incident_type_code ORDER BY Count ( * ) Asc LIMIT 1
Feedback: You need to determine the number of rows of detention id from detention table in step 1 and in step 2, you need to find the smallest value from step 1 for detention type code and description.

SOLUTION: SELECT T1.detention_type_code ,  T2.detention_type_description FROM Detention AS T1 JOIN Ref_Detention_Type AS T2 ON T1.detention_type_code  =  T2.detention_type_code GROUP BY T1.detention_type_code ORDER BY count(*) ASC LIMIT 1

PROBLEM: SQL: SELECT T2.Name FROM Physician AS T1 JOIN Nurse AS T2 JOIN Appointment AS T3 ON T1.EmployeeID = T3.Physician AND T3.PrepNurse = T2.EmployeeID GROUP BY T1.Position ORDER BY Count ( * ) Desc LIMIT 1
Feedback: Replace Physician's position with Appointment's appointment id .

SOLUTION: SELECT T1.name FROM nurse AS T1 JOIN appointment AS T2 ON T1.employeeid  =  T2.prepnurse GROUP BY T1.employeeid ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1

PROBLEM: SQL: SELECT Sum ( Revenue ) FROM Manufacturers WHERE Headquarter = "Austin"
Feedback: revenue should be more than revenue of any company which are situated in Austin .

SOLUTION:
SELECT sum(revenue) FROM manufacturers WHERE revenue  >  (SELECT min(revenue) FROM manufacturers WHERE headquarter  =  'Austin')

