Q: Process:  - Bats and other animals produce a high-pitched tone - The sound travels in waves, as sound does - The sound "bounces" off of a nearby object - The sound wave returns to the bat - The bat hears the echoed sound - Folds in the bat's ear and adaptations in the bat's brain enable it to determine the size, shape, and position of the other object via the properties of the returned sound waves - Other animals use echolocation in generally similar ways -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less resources available happens, how will it affect WEAKER echolocation.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: no


Question: Process:  - You breathe air in - Air enters bronchial tubes - Air is then split into the bronchioles of each lung - Bronchioles have alveoli which are tiny air sacs - Alveoli is surrounded by many small blood vessels - Oxygen passes through alveoli into blood vessels - Blood leaves the lungs as it travels through the body - Blood carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs - Carbon dioxide released when you exhale.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose when you hyperventilate happens, how will it affect LESS oxygen being brought to the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Air is pulled into the lungs - Oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream - Air is pushed through the vocal chords - A person talks - Other air is pushed out of the lungs into the environment.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose a person is using less energy happens, how will it affect a SMALLER amount of oxygen being delivered to the blood stream.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


input: Please answer the following: Process:  - A bird lays an egg - The egg hatches into a baby bird - Baby bird eats - Grows into an adult bird - The bird finds a mate - The pair build a nest - The birds lay eggs.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is very little human interference happens, how will it affect fewer eggs hatch.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: yes


Please answer this: Process:  - A red giant burns mass - This mass creates high core temperatures - The mass decreases - The red giant can no longer fuse the carbon and oxygen in its center - The gravity of the star can no longer hold the outside layers - The layers break away - Only the inner core remains - This inner core is known as a white dwarf.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more proteins used by liver happens, how will it affect a SMALLER white dwarf star.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no


Question: Process:  - A tree produces seeds - The seeds are dispersed by wind, animals, etc - The seeds reach the ground - Grow into new trees - These new trees produce seeds - The process repeats itself over and over -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more people use electric heating happens, how will it affect More seeds are dispersed.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer:
no