In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

##note: r.j. reynolds tobacco co. v. ciccone is the current case that is being dealt with, therefore it is not being overruled.
overruling

carmen and fugate, to the extent that they conflict with this opinion, are overruled.
overruling

ramirez has shown that reasonable jurists would debate whether the district court erred in dismissing his  2255 motion without prejudice as premature based on a finding that he had a pending direct appeal.

non-overruling

