Q: Process:  - A red giant burns mass - This mass creates high core temperatures - The mass decreases - The red giant can no longer fuse the carbon and oxygen in its center - The gravity of the star can no longer hold the outside layers - The layers break away - Only the inner core remains - This inner core is known as a white dwarf.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more energy absorbed by land happens, how will it affect a SMALLER white dwarf star.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: no

Q: Process:  - A bird lays eggs in a nest - The parent(s) incubate the eggs - The eggs hatch - The mother (and sometimes the father) bird take care of the baby birds - The baby birds grow up and get their flight feathers - The young birds learn to fly and leave the nest - The adult birds find mates and mate.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose More nutritious food for birds. happens, how will it affect More male birds infertile.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

Q: Process:  - Oil is gathered through mining operations - The oil is transported to stores - Oil is purchased by homeowners - Oil is placed into a stove in the house - The oil is lit on fire, and burns for a long time - The warm air off of the oil travels through the house -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less heating by electricity happens, how will it affect less heat for the house.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

Q: Process:  - Blood is sent to the liver - The liver uses chemicals and proteins to treat the blood - The blood is cleaned - Energy is produced - The blood leaves the liver cleaned.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose You go on a juice/water cleanse more often happens, how will it affect Your liver will be impacted by more toxins.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A:
yes