[Q]: Process:  - Mix flour, baking powder, sugar, and salt into a bowl - Mix in milk, eggs, and melted butter - Mix until smooth - Heat a griddle or frying pan to medium high - Pour batter onto the griddle -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose only one person will eat the pancakes happens, how will it affect less space on the griddle.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - A machine called a pulverizer grinds the coal into a fine powder - The coal powder mixes with hot air, which helps the coal burn more efficiently, and the mixture moves to the furnace - The burning coal heats water in a boiler, creating steam - Steam released from the boiler powers an engine called a turbine, transforming heat energy from burning coal into mechanical energy that spins the turbine engine - The spinning turbine is used to power a generator, a machine that turns mechanical energy into electric energy - This happens when magnets inside a copper coil in the generator spin - A condenser cools the steam moving through the turbine - As the steam is condensed, it turns back into water - The water returns to the boiler, and the cycle begins again -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are fewer coal fields happens, how will it affect LESS coal arriving at the power station.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - You breathe in - Air goes through all the little branches in your lungs to fill up the air sacs, or alveoli - Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries - The oxygen goes into the bloodstream - Oxygen is left and carbon dioxide is picked up - You breathe it out through your lungs -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more air sacs filled happens, how will it affect shortness of breath.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Bread is exposed to the elements - Bread absorbs water from the air - Bread absorbs warmth from the air - Dust particles with mold spores fall on bread - Mold spores start to consume the bread for energy - Mold colonies grow until they are visible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the bread is left out happens, how will it affect the bread has more dust on it.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]:
yes