Please answer this: Process:  - Water comes into contact with something made of iron - The water combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form carbonic acid - As the acid is formed, the iron starts to dissolve - Some of the water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen - The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond together - They form iron oxide, which is rust -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose no carbonic acid is formed happens, how will it affect MORE rust forming.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Please answer this: Process:  - Electromagnet creates magnetic field with electricity - Conductive copper wire is wrapped around a piece of metal - An electric current gets introduced from power source - Flows through the wire - Magnetic field gets created in the wire - And the metal gets magnetized - When turned off it is no longer magnetic.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose sediment will be carried by water happens, how will it affect a STRONGER electromagnet.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no


Please answer this: Process:  - Plants and animals long ago died - They are buried under layers of soil - Pressure builds over time - The remains liquefy - The carbon atoms rearrange to become a new substance.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less carbon atoms rearrange into a new substance happens, how will it affect less of the new substance will be formed.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
yes