Please answer this: Process:  - Bats and other animals produce a high-pitched tone - The sound travels in waves, as sound does - The sound "bounces" off of a nearby object - The sound wave returns to the bat - The bat hears the echoed sound - Folds in the bat's ear and adaptations in the bat's brain enable it to determine the size, shape, and position of the other object via the properties of the returned sound waves - Other animals use echolocation in generally similar ways -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more water will be turned into vapor happens, how will it affect WEAKER echolocation.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no


Please answer this: Process:  - A bird lays eggs in a nest - The parent(s) incubate the eggs - The eggs hatch - The mother (and sometimes the father) bird take care of the baby birds - The baby birds grow up and get their flight feathers - The young birds learn to fly and leave the nest - The adult birds find mates and mate.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose A predator invades the nest and frightens bird more. happens, how will it affect LESS birds.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Please answer this: Process:  - Food is put into mouth - Food is chewed and mixed with saliva (spit) - Food travels down the esophagus (throat) - Food travels into the stomach - Acid in the stomach breaks the food down further - Food travels into the small intestine - Nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood stream - Food travels into the large intestine - Most of the remaining material is now waste - The waste is eventually removed from the body.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more food is broken down by the stomach happens, how will it affect LESS food being digested.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
yes