In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

whether the Bank was motivated, in whole or in part, by Strate’s association with her disabled newborn child, then summary judgment was improperly granted for the Bank. The evidence establishes that Strate gave birth to her disabled child on April 20, 2001, enrolled the child in the Bank’s group healthcare plan on April 24, 2001, and was notified that her job had been eliminated on July 2, 2001, approximately two months later. It is undisputed that Ziegler knew about the child’s disability when he made the decision to eliminate her job. On rare occasions, a close temporal connection between a protected activity and an adverse employment action may be sufficient to create an inference of retaliation. See,e.g., Bassett v. City of Minneapolis, 211 F.3d 1097, 1105-06 (8th Cir. 2000) (<HOLDING>) (citing cases). It follows that close temporal 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that a temporal proximity of one month between the plaintiffs protected activity and adverse employment action was sufficient to establish a causal connection (B) holding that a temporal link between protected activity and an adverse employment action may in some cases be sufficient to create an inference of retaliation (C) holding that temporal proximity between the alleged retaliators knowledge of a protected activity and an adverse employment action may be sufficient to establish causal connection or retaliatory motive in some cases (D) holding that a threeyear gap between the protected activity and the adverse employment action was insufficient to support an inference of causation (E) holding that a prima facie case of retaliation requires a causal link between the employees protected activity and the employers adverse employment action
(B)

1 We note that the Supreme Court of Georgia recently vacated portions of the trial court’s injunction order in Barham v. City of Atlanta, 292 Ga. 375 (738 SE2d 52) (2013). 2 Am. Petroleum Prods., Inc. v. Mom & Pop Stores, Inc., 231 Ga. App. 1, 7 (3) (497 SE2d 616) (1998) (punctuation omitted). 3 Levine v. Sun Trust Robinson Humphrey, 321 Ga. App. 268, 275 (3) (740 SE2d 672) (2013) (punctuation omitted). 4 Am. Petroleum Prods., 231 G 215 SE2d 294) (1975) (“[When] the complaining party cannot legitimately claim surprise, either because he knew of the existence of the witness or had equal means of knowing, it is not error to fail to invoke the sanctions of postponement, mistrial, barring the witness, etc.”). Cf. Malley Motors, Inc. v. Davis, 183 Ga. App. 599, 600 (1) (359 SE2d 394) (1987) (<HOLDING>). 18 See Hunter v. Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. of 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that promises made by the prosecution to a witness in exchange for that witness testimony relate directly to the credibility of the witness (B) holding that a trial court abused its discretion by excluding the testimony of an expert witness where the testimony would have been relevant to show that the defendant breached a duty of care (C) holding that trial court abused its discretion in permitting the testimony of a witness who was not listed in the pretrial order and no reason was given for the failure to list the witness (D) holding that in order to state a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel based on the failure to call a witness to testify the claimant must allege 1 the identity of the potential witness 2 that the witness was available to testify at trial 3 the substance of the witnesss testimony and 4 an explanation of how the omission of the testimony prejudiced the case (E) holding that the jury is the judge of the weight and credibility given to witness testimony
(C)

under the adrenaline of the incident with Taylor when she called her ex-husband, and the sole purpose for that call was to get her children to safety be cause she feared that Taylor, who had just left, would return. [¶ 29] We addressed similar facts in State v. Hafford when we held that an assault victim’s statement to a neighbor was admissible even though the victim wrapped up his injured hand and waited several minutes in his apartment after the attack until he felt it was safe to leave to seek help. 410 A.2d at 219-20. In several other instances, we have held that a de-clarant’s statement qualified as an excited utterance when the declarant made the statement after engaging in a short intervening act after the startling event occurred. See, e.g., Watts, 2007 ME 153, ¶ 8, 938 A.2d 21 (<HOLDING>); Barnes, 2004 ME 38, ¶ 4 & n. 3, 845 A.2d 575 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing statement could be admissible as an excited utterance and still constitute a testimonial statement for purposes of a confrontation clause analysis (B) holding eyewitnesss statement made an hour after the crime properly admitted as excited utterance based on magnitude of crime and officers testimony that witness was excited and upset when making the statement (C) holding that a victims statement to her sister that she had been raped was an excited utterance when between the time of the assault and her making the statement the victim dressed herself and walked down the stairs (D) holding that the victims statement was inadmissible when made two to three hours after victim was allegedly raped because the victims testimony supported the conclusion that her statement was made with conscious reflection (E) recognizing that the state is entitled to prove all of the relevant ci t argues that the trial court erred by admitting the victims hearsay statements through the testimony of her children and of melvin gaither and through the admission of exhibit sixtyone the victims application for an order of protectiona hearsay statement is defined as a statement other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted tenn r evid 801c as a general rule a hearsay statement is not admissible unless it falls within one of the exceptions to the hearsay rule tenn r evid 802 the following standards define our review of the trial courts rulings on the admissibility of hearsayinitially the trial court must determine whether the statement is hearsay if the statement is hearsay then the trial court must next determine whether the hearsay statement fits within one of the exceptions to answer these questions the trial court may need to receive evidence and hear testimony when the trial court makes factual findings and credibility determinations in the course of ruling on an evidentiary motion these factual and credibility findings are binding on a reviewing court unless the evidence in the record preponderates against them once the trial court has made its factual findings the next questionswhether the facts prove that the statement 1 was hearsay and 2 fits under one of the exceptions to the hearsay ruleare questions of law subject to de novo reviewif a statement is hearsay but does not fit one of the exceptions it is inadmissible and the court must exclude the statement but if a hearsay statement does fit under one of the exceptions the trial court may not use the hearsay rule to suppress the statement however the statement may otherwise run afoul of another rule of evidence  if a trial court excludes otherwise admissible hearsay on the basis of rule 401 402 or 403 this determination is reviewed for abuse of discretionkendrick v state 454 sw3d 450 47980 tenn 2015 citations omitted see also state v howard 504 sw3d 260 27576 tenn 2016 we now apply these principles to evaluate each of the defendants challenges to the trial courts evidentiary rulings1 admission of the testimony of the childrenthe trial court permitted each of the children to testify about hearing the victim tell the defendant that she was going to call the police concluding that this testimony was nonhearsay offered to show the effect the victims statements had on the defendant not the truth of the victims statements that she planned to call the police the court of criminal appeals affirmed the trial courts decision hawkins 2015 wl 5169157 at 18 and we do as wellthe childrens testimony regarding the victims threats to call the police was offered to establish the effect the victims statements had on the defendant and to establish the defendant murdered her because he believed she planned to call the police this testimony was not offered to establish the truth of the victims threats as a result the childrens testimony about the victims statements was properly admitted as nonhearsay see state v venable 606 sw2d 298 301 tenn crim app 1980 clearly the statement was probative not as proof of the matter asserted therein but because of its effect on the hearer in this case the defendant supplying evidence of his motive in returning to the service station later in the day armed and threatening to kill the declarant  see generally neil p cohen et al tennessee law of evidence  8017 6th ed 2011 hereinafter tennessee law of evidence discussing nonhearsay declarations offered to prove the effect on the listener2 testimony of melvin gaitherthe trial court also allowed melvin gaither to testify about the victims statements to him concerning her fear of the defendant the trial court ruled that the victims statements were hearsayoffered for the truth of the matter asserted thereinbut admissible pursuant to the state of mind exception to the hearsay rule tenn r evid 8033 the court of criminal appeals affirmed hawkins 2015 wl 5169157 at 19 and we agree that this evidence was properly admittedthe state of mind exception authorizes the admission of a hearsay statementof the declarants then existing state of mind emotion sensation or physical conditions such as intent plan motive design mental feeling pain and bodily health but not including a statement of memory or belief to prove the fact remembered or believed unless it relates to the execution revocation identification or terms of declarants willtenn r evid 8033 here the defendant initially told the police that the victim left home in anger following an argument with him later the defendant admitted the victim had been murdered but claimed that kt had murdered her after kt and the victim argued the defendant maintained that he had not participated in the murder at all and had only assisted kt in covering up the crime and dismembering and disposing of the victims body the defendant never recanted his statement implicating kt and denying his own involvement in the victims murder the defendants statements placed at issue the victims mental state at the time of her murder the state was entitled to establish that the victim feared the defendant not kt at the time of her murder see smith 868 sw2d at 573 ruling that the victims hearsay statements expressing fear of the defendant were admissible under the state of mind exception and relevant to reveal the falsehood of the defendants statement to the police indicating that he and his wife the victim were reconciling state v trusty 326 sw3d 582 603 tenn crim app 2010 given the proof of the onagain offagain nature of the victims relationship with the defendant we conclude that the statements she made shortly before her death about her fear of the defendant were relevant and admissible under the state of mind exception to show not only her state of mind at thetime she uttered the statements but also her probable mental state and behavior at the time of her death   the trial court did not err by admitting mr gaithers testimony about the victims statements pursuant to the state of mind hearsay exception3 application for order of protectionthe defendant next challenges the trial courts admission of the victims january 15 2008 application for an order or protection the application was admitted as exhibit sixtyone through the testimony of deborah coffman a counselor and records keeper for citizens dispute a shelby county government agency that assists persons in completing the application process for orders of protection the victims application included the following statementsthe defendant had the impression that he would be moving with me and my three children when he realized he was not moving he became violent pulling my hair and hit me on my right cheek jaw with his fist he was telling my twelve year old daughter to lock herself in the bathroom and to tell the police that i pulled her hair abused her he was not arrested for his violencehe wants my twelve year old daughter to be around him often sleep with him and she has changed telling lies and disrespectful i hope he hasnt molested her he says no and she says no but both have lied so im just trying to protect me and the childreni dont want him around me or my children i dont trust himthe application also included the victims statement that the defendant had told her she was wrong for taking kt from him and that he could get the victim without  even having to touch her because he could get somebody else to get the victimthe trial court admitted the application pursuant to the forfeiture by wrongdoing exception to the hearsay rule explainingand im finding just so well all understand their relationship had deteriorated to such a point the victim and the defendant that at this point i think the recordthat the state has shown by a preponderance of the evidence from this hearing that the reason for the killing the motive for the killing would be to stop her from prosecuting him for things against her and her child because shes here talking about harassing phone calls and things like that so i think tennessee rule of evidence 8046 is going to apply to this case to that extentthe court of criminal appeals affirmed the trial courts ruling hawkins 2015 wl 5169157 at 19 we also affirm the trial courts rulingthe forfeiture by wrongdoing exception authorizes the admission of a hearsay statement against a party that has engaged in wrongdoing that was intended to and did procure the unavailability of the declarant as a witness tenn r evid 804b6 before admitting a hearsay statement under this exception the trial court must conduct a juryout hearing and determine that a preponderance of the evidence establishes 1

(C)

