[Q]: Process:  - Magma is formed when rock melts inside the Earth&#x27;s crust - Magma rises - Collects inside magma chambers underneath a volcano - Pressure builds in the magma chambers as they fill - Gain energy for eruption - Some of the energy is converted into seismic activity (earthquakes) - If the magma building in the volcano is thick and sticky it will trap gases - Results in an explosive eruption when the pressure becomes too intense - If the magma is thin and runs - The magma results in a low-pressure, slow-moving flow of magma instead of a violent eruption -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose fewer earthquakes happen that year happens, how will it affect more eruptiions of the volcano.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Owls hunt around their hunting territory away from where they roost during the day - They sit still on a perch, like a stump of branch, and wait for prey - They use their highly sensitive hearing to locate prey that cannot be seen - They use their very keen vision to see prey in the dark - They fly silently, without flapping their wings, in order to surprise the prey - The owl silently glides or drops on its prey, grabbing it with its talons and beak - The owl eats the prey, or carries it back to its perch -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose an owl is in a silent environment happens, how will it affect owls fly less silently.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - The organism must die to begin the process - The soft tissue decomposes - The bones are left behind - Scavengers tear the body apart and move the bones elsewhere - Wind and rain also scatter the bones further - The bones left behind will weather and become buried by sand and soil - The proteins in the bone are replaced with minerals that are dissolved in the soil - This creates a rock-like substance called a fossil - Water and wind erosion wear away the layers of soil on top of the fossil - This makes discovery of the fossil possible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less fossils will be able to form happens, how will it affect LESS fossils forming.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes


[Q]: Process:  - Get an ice cube tray - Fill the tray with cool water - Place the tray in the freezer - Leave the tray in the freezer for a few hours - Take they tray out of the freezer - Pop the ice cubes out of tray.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose ice is needed for a cooler happens, how will it affect more trays are placed in the freezer.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]:
yes