Please answer this: Process:  - A star forms - The star does not have enough mass to become a neutron star - The star goes through a change in its core and bonds helium to carbon and oxygen - The star becomes a red giant - A mass of carbon and oxygen builds up in the center of the star - The star sheds its outside layers and becomes a nebula - The star leaves behind the core which becomes a dwarf star.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose star is smaller in size happens, how will it affect a SMALLER white dwarf star.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes


Please answer this: Process:  - Build a satellite - Attach a rocket - Add rocket fuel - Launch rocket - Satellite goes into orbit.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less resources available happens, how will it affect LESS or SMALLER satelites in space.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no


Please answer this: Process:  - A dam is built in an area prone to flooding - A large amount of rain occurs - The water builds up behind the dam - The dam opens its floodgates when it starts to get full - The water flows into a river below the dam - The dam closes its gates - The dam will occasionally open its gates again to gradually release more water - Eventually all of the floodwater will be slowly released into the river without causing any flood damage.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is an increase in domestic budget happens, how will it affect IMPROVED safety from flooding.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
yes