I read this background article the other day: Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence. Such events could be an increase in taxes on capital or capital holders or the government of the country defaulting on its debt that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country, or otherwise to lose confidence in its economic strength.  This leads to a disappearance of wealth, and is usually accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country—depreciation in a variable exchange rate regime, or a forced devaluation in a fixed exchange rate regime.  This fall is particularly damaging when the capital belongs to the people of the affected country, because not only are the citizens now burdened by the loss in the economy and devaluation of their currency, but probably also, their assets have lost much of their nominal value. This leads to dramatic decreases in the purchasing power of the country's assets and makes it increasingly expensive to import goods and acquire any form of foreign facilities, e.g. medical facilities.  I am facing a new situation today: As an economist Dan is interested in economies of South America. He has extensively studied two countries, Venezuela and Bolivia. His conclusion is Venezuela's  economic policy had lead to capital flight. But Bolivia is a completely different story. Their economic policy did not lead to capital flight.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: In which county the valuation of assets would be lower?
Ans: Venezuela

I read this background article the other day: Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.Marine debris, which is also known as marine litter, describes human-created waste floating in a body of water. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.  I am facing a new situation today: Two cities situated on the shores of a large ocean polluted it in different ways.  Truck city had an economy that was based on tourism, while Farm city was based on agriculture.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which city caused more hypoxia?
Ans: Farm

I read this background article the other day: Groundwater salinization compromises buffering properties. Vegetation clearance, along with irrigation, causes serious issues. Irrigation increases the water table and mobilizes salts, and vegetation clearance allows it to come in contact with water habitats and vegetation. This stresses species not adapted to high salinity. High levels of salinity reduces water uptake in plants, by causing stomatal closure, reducing photosynthesis. Forests undergo decline in areas of high salinity and shallow groundwater depths because these conditions make them more susceptible to droughts. Forests undergo decline in areas of high salinity and shallow groundwater depths making them more susceptible to droughts.  I am facing a new situation today: Two villages were situated on different sides of the hill. Each village has its own approach to agriculture. East village decided to clear the land, by felling many trees and bushes, and set up a vast irrigation system. West village too a more natural approach to food production and applied the edible forest method, and all the permaculture principles over the years.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which village's soil had fewer mobilized salts?
Ans: West

I read this background article the other day: Huge amounts of chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, are applied to farm fields (see Figure below ). Some of the chemicals are picked up by rainwater. Runoff then carries the chemicals to nearby rivers or lakes. Dissolved fertilizer causes too much growth of water plants and algae. This can lead to dead zones where nothing can live in lakes and at the mouths of rivers. Some of the chemicals can infiltrate into groundwater. The contaminated water comes up in water wells. If people drink the polluted water, they may get sick.  I am facing a new situation today: Rick and Dale are both farmers that have lakes near their farm fields. Rick just began using large amounts of fertilizers because he is trying to improve his harvest significantly this year. Meanwhile, Dale has been cutting back on his fertilizer use because demand for his product has decreased recently.  Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: If both men's farms receive the same amount of rain, lakes near which person's farms are at lower risk for developing dead zones?

Ans: Dale