In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Example Input: A maximum independent set for this data structure can be found in linear time by adding alternating levels. In this structure, any two vertices or nodes must be connected by a single simple path, and thus it is connected and acyclic. By using (*) union-find with disjoint sets, one type of this structure containing all the vertices of a connected graph can be constructed. One variety of this data structure can be used to easily implement a binary search. This structure also comes in red-black and self-balancing-binary varieties. For 10 points, identify this data structure from computer science, a hierarchical graph in which "leaf" nodes ultimately flow from a "root" node.
Example Output: Science

Example Input: The relationship between temperature and this quantity is given by the Steinhart-Hart equation. Tunnel diodes have a negative value for this quantity, whose changes are measured by the most common type of strain gauge. The proximity and skin effects cause increases in this quantity with increasing frequency. The time constant tau is equal to indudctance divided by this quantity in an RL circuit. An unknown value of this quantity can be determined with a Wheatstone bridge. This quantity is the real part of impedance in AC circuits, and it is equal to voltage divided by current. For 10 points, name this opposition to the flow of current that is measured in ohms.
Example Output: Science

Example Input: This city is located near Sugarloaf Mountain and its attractions include the Roman style aqueduct Arcos da Lapa and the Tijuca rainforest. Residents of this city are often called Cariocas, and it houses the Estadio do Maracana, the largest arena on its continent. Beaches near this city include Ipanema and Copaccabana. The Christ the Redeemer statue can be found in this city, which was the capital of its country until the creation of the planned city of Brasilia. For 20 points, name this tourist hotspot.
Example Output:
Social Science

