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The coder and artist Brannon Dorsey (previously) wondered about the potential of "browser based botnets" -- running Javascript on tons of machines  stitched together into one massively parallel computer.
But that Javascript generally only hits you if you visit the site hosting it.  Dorsey  wondered if there was a faster  more efficient way to inject malicious Javascript into tons of browsers.
And  he  discovered that there was: Online ad networks! Anyone can make an account  create an ad with god-knows-what Javascript in it  then pay to have the network serve that ad up to thousands of browser.
So that's what  Dorsey  did -- very successfully. Within about three hours   his  code (experimental  not malicious  apart from surreptitiously chewing up processing resources) was running on 117 852 web browsers  on 30 234 unique IP addresses. Adtech  it turns out  is a superb vector for injecting malware around the planet.
Some other fun details:  Dorsey  found that when people loaded  his  ad  they left the tab open an average of 15 minutes. That gave  him  huge amounts of compute time -- 327 full days  in fact  for about $15 in ad purchase. To see what such a botnet could do   he  created one to run a denial-of-service attack (against  his  own site  just to see if it worked: It did pretty well).  He  got another to mine the cryptocurrency Monero  at rates that will be profitable if Monero goes much higher.
The most interesting experiment was in writing an adtech-botnet to store and serve Bittorrent files  via Webtorrent. That worked pretty well too:  He  got 180 175 browsers to run  his  torrent file in 24 hours  with a 702 Mbps upload speed for the entire network.
Ad networks let you easily and quickly make a botnet / Boing Boing