TASK DEFINITION: Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.
PROBLEM: Hashem Abedi, who is charged with murdering the 22 victims of the attack, was detained in Libya shortly after the May 2017 suicide bombing. The 22-year-old was extradited on Wednesday and arrested by British officers upon his arrival in the UK. Mr Abedi, of no fixed address, appeared at Oxford Crown Court on Monday via videolink. Judge Mr Justice Sweeney ordered him to be remanded in custody ahead of a preliminary hearing at the Old Bailey or in Oxford on 30 July. Mr Abedi, who was born and raised in Manchester, is also charged with one count of attempted murder, encompassing all the other victims, and one count of conspiring with his brother to cause explosions. Prosecutors allege Hashem Abedi made detonator tubes for the bomb, bought chemicals used to make an explosive substance, and helped his brother buy a Nissan Micra car in which materials were stored that became part of the device. The inquests into the killings at the end of an Ariana Grande concert have been delayed due to legal proceedings. Family members have been told the full inquest hearings are not likely to begin until at least April 2020. A total of 260 people were also seriously injured in the attack, with some left with life-changing injuries.

SOLUTION: Manchester Arena bomber Salman Abedi's younger brother has been remanded in custody at a bail hearing.

PROBLEM: A Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) report, to be published on Monday, says the arrest of leading gang members led to chaos in some areas when younger youths filled the power vacuum. It calls for more support for families and communities to prevent young people joining gangs. Ministers say a £10m fund is helping to target gangs and "seeing results". A government spokesman said the coalition's strategy on violence and gangs made clear the problem could not be tackled through police enforcement alone. The Home Office's report Ending gang and youth violence has already put a focus on early intervention to stop young people becoming involved in gangs as well as providing support to members wanting to break with their past. The CSJ acknowledged the government strategy "put forward a range of positive initiatives" but says it appeared to be "losing commitment". "If fully implemented, these are promising first steps. But contributors to this report have told us that this strategy is not translating into the genuine transformation of communities," it said. The CSJ says many charities have been unaware the cash was available and accuses authorities of a lack of follow-up work with junior gang members. It highlights a marked increase in the number of girl gang members and a rise in sexual violence within gangs. 'Nobody if you haven't killed' The Centre for Social Justice was set up by Work and Pensions Secretary, Iain Duncan Smith, in 2004. Prime Minister David Cameron promised an "all-out war on gangs and gang culture" following the riots which took hold of many English cities including London, Manchester and Liverpool. A year on, the think tank asked organisations and charities how they felt gang culture had changed in the light of government response. Many drew a picture of little or no progress, it says, and "some have even suggested that the problem is becoming worse". It says: "Many in Whitehall regard the riots as a random one-off, and mistake the quashing of the disorder as control of the streets. They could not be more wrong. "The alarming fact is that many streets across the country are besieged by anarchy and violence." CSJ researchers spoke to people in riot-hit areas who reported a "marked increase" in the violent behaviour of some gangs, because of the removal from the streets of "elders" who had previously imposed a code of behaviour. Such unwritten codes had meant, for example, that a rival gang member could not be shot while he was with his mother, it says. The report describes an incident in which a young gang member held a gun to the head of a rival gang member's baby. The person relating the incident remarked "you're seen as 'a nobody' if you haven't killed someone". Jermaine Lawlor - a former gang member who now works for a charity - told BBC News the arrest of a gang leader could provoke its members to commit more crimes. "It's almost like a vacancy is free," he said. "The leader's not there and depending on what sentence they get, usually the underdogs step up and try to get that position, so there is a need for more crime because crime proves your status." Youth worker Patrick Regan, who runs the XLP charity in south London and was interviewed by the CSJ for its report, said ministers had adopted a short term approach. "I'm not going to run a project for six months... It is tough, it is a long haul and it may take a generation," he said. 'Serious social breakdown' The CSJ says one in five of those arrested so far in London after the riots - 337 suspects - was a known gang member. One of the CSJ's central conclusions is that the "drivers of gang culture" need to be addressed, as well as the symptoms. The report says: "Nearly a year on from the publication of the government's gangs strategy, there is a danger that the enthusiasm for change developed after the riots is being allowed to go cold... "The surest way of eliminating gangs is to try to ensure that children and young people never want or feel the need to join them. "To do this we need to tackle deeper issues in our society and seek to nurture and support ever-strong families and stronger communities." A government spokesman highlighted a network of Young People's Advocates to provide support to victims of gang-related sexual violence and the introduction of gang injunctions for 14-17 year olds. "There are no quick fixes but we are seeing results. The Crime Survey for England and Wales shows that crime is down by 6%, and police figures show knife crime is down by 9%."

SOLUTION: The response to last year's riots has led to more violence among some gangs, a think tank says.

PROBLEM: The claim is being filed on behalf of millions of children in the UK and EU who have used the hugely popular video-sharing app. If successful, the children affected could each be owed thousands of pounds. TikTok said the case was without merit and it would fight it. 'Sinister' Lawyers will allege that TikTok takes children's personal information, including phone numbers, videos, exact location and biometric data, without sufficient warning, transparency or the necessary consent required by law, and without children or parents knowing what is being done with that information. In response, the video-sharing app said: "Privacy and safety are top priorities for TikTok and we have robust policies, processes and technologies in place to help protect all users, and our teenage users in particular. We believe the claims lack merit and intend to vigorously defend the action." TikTok has more than 800 million users worldwide and parent firm ByteDance made billions in profits last year, with the vast majority of that coming via advertising revenue. The claim is being launched on behalf of all children who have used TikTok since 25 May 2018, regardless of whether they have an account or their privacy settings. Children not wishing to be represented can opt out. Ms Longfield told the BBC she was focusing on TikTok because, while all social media platforms collected information, TikTok had "excessive" data collection policies. "TikTok is a hugely popular social media platform that has helped children keep in touch with their friends during an incredibly difficult year. However, behind the fun songs, dance challenges and lip-sync trends lies something far more sinister." She alleges the firm is "a data collection service that is thinly veiled as a social network" which has "deliberately and successfully deceived parents". She added that those parents have a "right to know" what private information is being collected via TikTok's "shadowy data collection practices". The case is being represented by law firm Scott and Scott. Partner Tom Southwell said he believed the information collected by TikTok represents "a severe breach of UK and EU data protection law". "TikTok and ByteDance's advertising revenue is built on the personal information of its users, including children. Profiting from this information without fulfilling its legal obligations, and its moral duty to protect children online, is unacceptable." Age verification The case is not without precedent. In 2019, the Chinese firm was given a record $5.7m fine by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), for mishandling children's data. The firm has been fined in South Korea over how it collects children's data, and in the UK, it has been investigated by the Information Commissioner's Office. That action revolved around Musical.ly, which was incorporated into TikTok, knowingly hosting content published by users under the age of 13. TikTok was ordered to delete the data and set up an age verification system. According to Ofcom, 44% of eight to 12-year-olds in the UK use TikTok, despite its policies forbidding under-13s on the platform. Class action The legal action against TikTok was first brought by an anonymous 12-year-old girl last year, supported by Ms Longfield. At the time, Ms Longfield said she was waiting to see the result of another case before proceeding with suing TikTok. The case in question was brought by Which? director Richard Lloyd on behalf of four million iPhone users who, he alleges, were illegally tracked by Google. Despite being launched in 2017, the case has still not had the go-ahead and is due to be heard by the Supreme Court soon. "It could be difficult for similar cases to succeed if the Supreme Court dismisses Mr Lloyd's ability to bring his claim," said Richard Leedham, partner at law firm Mishcon de Reya.

SOLUTION:
TikTok is facing a legal challenge from former children's commissioner for England Anne Longfield over how it collects and uses children's data.

