Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.

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By Jon KellyBBC News Magazine There are a number of simple solutions which might not always be obvious. Wear wet clothes "The most obvious suggestion to me is that you dampen your clothes," says Cambridge University physicist Lisa Jardine-Wright. In order for the water to evaporate - changing its state from a liquid to a gas - there needs an input of heat energy, she explains. This energy will come from the heat of your body which produces a cooling effect to your skin, lowering your temperature. If you use a fan as well, the air blowing over your skin speeds up the process of evaporation, helping you to feel even cooler. "When I was cycling in France it was more than 40C and I soaked my T-shirt in water before I went out. But that's a bit extreme," Jardine-Wright adds. "Anything that involves evaporation is going to take the heat away from you." Stick your hands in cold water Plunging your hands into a bucket or a basin full of cold water will help you cool down, says Mike Tipton, professor of human physiology at the University of Portsmouth. When your deep body temperature rises, blood is sent to the surface of the skin. "Your hands have a high surface area - it's like you have five radiators sticking out of your palm," says Tipton. "As soon as the deep body temperature returns to normal, it slows the blood flow to your hands and you'll feel cool." Fans next to windows A fan placed in the middle of a closed room will circulate the air, which helps speed up the evaporation of your sweat. But it will be much more effective if the device is placed next to an open window, says Jardine-Wright, as this will draw air from outdoors, which should be colder. "You're taking the cooler air from the outside and propelling it inside," she says. "If there are no windows or doors open you're just circulating the hot air." Eat a curry Tucking into a hot vindaloo or madras may seem a counter-intuitive way to lower your temperature. But eating spicy food helps cool you down, says Tipton. Curry contains capsaicin, a heat compound in chilli peppers that stimulates sweat production. "Anything you can do to make sure you are sweating means you will enhance evaporative heat loss," Tipton adds. "As the water evaporates you will feel cooler." Bedouin robes It's widely assumed that wearing lighter-coloured clothing is the best way to stay cool. This isn't necessarily the case, however. A 1980 study of Bedouin tribes found the colour of their garment made little difference to their body temperature. "White clothing will reflect more light, but black clothes are better radiators of heat," says Jardine-Wright. However, she says there is a option that has very clear benefit - wearing looser clothes, like the robes favoured by the Bedouin. "If you have air circulating next to your skin, it will help to evaporate the perspiration, and this will make you feel cooler." Lukewarm showers Standing under a freezing shower might sound like the quickest way to bring your temperature down. But your body will react to a dramatic change like this by trying to preserve heat. "If I'm hot and I go under a cold shower, I'll shut down the blood flow to the skin and trap the heat inside me rather than let it escape," says Tipton. As a result, he says, it's better to use water that is in the 20s Celsius than water that is in the 10s. "It's better to have a warmer shower that is cool enough to lower the deep body temperature but is warm enough to allow the blood to the surface of the skin." Sash windows People with sash windows don't always remember this, but opening both the top and bottom windows by equal amounts is a very efficient way of cooling down a room. This lets rising warm air out of the top while drawing cooler air through the bottom. The same principle applies in two-storey homes, says Jardine-Wright. "It's good if you can get the circulation going throughout the house," she adds. "If you open both the upstairs and downstairs windows, you will improve the circulation through the house as the hot air rises and cold air enters through the ground floor windows." Fan your face If you use a fan, make sure you direct the flow of air to your face, says Tipton. "It's more effective because the face has so many receptors on it," he says. "Even though you're not cooling down your whole body, fanning your face has a disproportionate effect on your comfort." However, he warns, it's important not to make a common mistake - using a manual fan too vigorously, and warming yourself up by doing so. You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

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Soaring temperatures in the UK have been welcome for some. But how can people keep comfortable when the mercury rises?


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But the Welsh Liberal Democrats welcomed increases in the amount people earn before they pay income tax. Plaid Cymru and Labour criticised moves towards introducing regional pay in the public sector. Businesses in an enterprise zone in Deeside will be able to write off the cost of plant and machinery against taxes. The Welsh government has been negotiating with the Treasury over capital allowances in the five enterprise zones it intends to create in Wales. Welsh Finance Minister Jane Huttsaid: "This is a disappointing Budget and not one which will support economic growth in Wales or the UK as a whole. "What we wanted to see today was a Budget for jobs and growth, with significantly increased capital expenditure. "The chancellor did neither." A "lack of action" on fuel duty will be felt particularly hard in rural Wales, she said, and the prospect of further cuts in welfare were "horrific". She welcomed the enhanced capital allowances in the Deeside enterprise zone, but, in a reference to regional pay, said the Welsh government did not support "the chancellor's plans to pay Welsh workers less than workers in other parts of the UK". Welsh Lib Demleader Kirsty Williams welcomed an increase in the income tax threshold, which the UK government says will lift an additional 42,000 people out of paying income tax altogether. She said: "In difficult times, we believe that people on low and middle incomes should get the help they need and that is why I am pleased that the Liberal Democrats have been able to persuade the chancellor to increase the personal income tax threshold. "This will give hard working people in Wales more of their money back in their pockets and it will also incentivise people to get off benefits and into work." She added: "We have heard many times about the need to make tough choices in these difficult times. "The choice for us is clear, lift the burden for the people who are struggling the most now and ensure the wealthy pay their fair share." For Labour,shadow Welsh secretary Peter Hainsaid the Budget "failed the fairness test". 'Bonanza' Following the chancellor's announcement that the top rate of income tax will be cut from 50p to 45p, Mr Hain said: "Pensioners having their personal allowance frozen will hit thousands of older people across Wales while millionaires enjoy a multi-thousand pound bonanza. "In Wales, we have a Welsh Labour government committed to investing in our communities, growing the economy and guaranteeing jobs and training for thousands of young people. "The chancellor had the opportunity today to take firm action to support this work. Instead, he committed himself once again to tax cuts for the richest with the poorest paying through cuts to tax credits and the scaling back of child benefit." Mr Osborne announced in the autumn that independent pay review boards were looking at the introduction of regional pay deals in the public sector. Plaid MP Jonathan Edwardssaid: "Regional pay proposals will mean real term cuts for public sector workers in Wales and institutionalise low pay and low ambition. "In Wales, we clearly need to grow our private sector, but that will not come about through slashing public sector jobs and cutting the amount of money circulating in our communities, which would hurt the private sector as much as the public. "Pay and conditions for workers in Wales should be decided in Wales, not Westminster." Conservative assembly leader Andrew RT Daviessaid: "This is a budget that rewards work, backs business and will support the economy, while benefiting tens of thousands of families the length and breadth of Wales. "The Welsh government's refusal to accept the huge advantages within it smacks either of politically motivated rhetoric or a complete lack of understanding." He said "important announcements" on extending broadband coverage, funding for the Deeside enterprise zone and further consideration of rail electrification in the South Wales Valleys should be welcomed by all. Confederation of British Industry(CBI) Wales said the Wales-specific announcements in the Budget "are few, but nevertheless are welcome". It said the best news for businesses was that Mr Osborne delivered a "fiscally neutral programme" instead of spending money he did not have. ButFarmers' Union of Walesaccused Mr Osborne of ignoring mounting pressure to cut fuel duty and said it was "extremely disappointing" that the Budget would do little to help businesses in rural communities. Save the Children Walessaid he had "chosen to turn his back" on helping children living in poverty, whileOxfam Cymrusay many of the Budget's measures "fail to support the poorest people in Wales".

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The Welsh government has criticised a "disappointing" Budget, saying it will fall short of a pledge to create jobs.


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Harley, a rescue malamute, has been helping travellers who may be feeling stressed, and some with disabilities. Harley - and owner Niel Chisholm - have been working on a trial basis. It is hoped Harley could become a permanent feature. The airport said therapy dogs were quite common in American airports but it was not aware of any in the UK. Mr Chisholm said: "When we go to the airport we start at the assistance check-in, where people with disabilities go. "We then have a wander round past check-in, through security and duty free - 99% of the reactions have been positive. "Harley just does his magic, everybody loves him, but we always ask before approaching someone as not all are dog lovers. "At all times I monitor Harley as his wellbeing comes first. He gets plenty of breaks." Airport duty manager Fraser Bain said: "He is a beautiful dog with such a gentle nature that people warmed to him straight away. "We are keen to explore further ways of how Harley can be of benefit to passengers travelling through the airport."

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A therapy dog has been used at Aberdeen International Airport in what is claimed to be a UK first.


