Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.

[EX Q]: Jonathan AmosScience correspondent@BBCAmoson Twitter It has put a probe called Hope in orbit around the planet, making it only the fifth spacefaring entity to do so after the US, the Soviet Union, Europe and India. The spacecraft, which left Earth seven months ago, had to make a braking manoeuvre to be sure of being captured by Mars' gravity. UAE scientists can now look forward to studying the planet's atmosphere. Their satellite carries three instruments that will observe, among other targets, how neutral atoms of hydrogen and oxygen - remnants from Mars' once abundant water - leak into space. In the process, Hope will return spectacular, high-resolution, full-disk images of the planet. Tuesday marked the most critical phase in the mission. Hope had been approaching Mars at over 120,000km/h (relative to the Sun) and needed to execute a precise 27-minute burn on its braking engines to scrub some of that speed or risk skipping off into ever deeper space. The manoeuvre, performed by six thrusters on the probe, commenced at about 19:30 GST (15:30 GMT), with confirmation received at Earth some 11 minutes later - the delay being the time it took for radio signals to traverse the 190-million-km separation between Mars and Earth. The official announcement on the burn's completion when it came was calm, and the applause relatively restrained. Perhaps it was the relief speaking after a nerve-shredding wait for the positive telemetry. "Mars orbit insertion was the most critical and dangerous part of our journey to Mars, exposing the Hope probe to stresses and pressures it has never before faced," said Omran Sharaf, the Hope mission's project director at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre "With this enormous milestone achieved, we are now preparing to transition to our science orbit and commence science data gathering." The past few days have witnessed tremendous enthusiasm for Hope and its mission, with public monuments, buildings and heritage sites across the federation all lit up in red. Dubai's Burj Khalifa, the tallest human-made structure on Earth, had been flashing a countdown to Tuesday's big moment. Hope is regarded as a triumph for a small gulf nation that dared to think seven years ago that it could inspire the next generation by launching the first Arab interplanetary space mission. "We wanted to arrive at Mars; (I'm) really grateful, and it's like a weight of seven years has been lifted from my shoulders," said Her Excellency Sarah Al Amiri, UAE minister of state for advanced technology and chair of the UAE Space Agency. "On arriving at Mars. I'm now truly looking forward to the scientific discoveries. And I truly hope this mission will impact an entire generation to strive to do things that are even bigger," she told BBC News. Hope is now running in an initial ellipse around Mars that comes as close as 1,000km from the planet and goes out to almost 50,000km. Over the course of the next few weeks, this will be trimmed to a 55-hour, 22,000km-by-43,000km orbit that is inclined to the equator by about 25 degrees. "It depends on what that initial orbit looks like but we would need around three manoeuvres to get into our science orbit," said propulsion engineer Ayesha Sharafi. This path is very different to those of previous satellites which have tended to operate with greater proximity to Mars to facilitate high-resolution imagery of the surface and communications with landed robots. But it's from this high perch that Hope plans to carry out some novel research. It's going to trace how energy moves through the atmosphere from the very bottom to the very top. A key influencer in this respect is dust which can on occasions blow up into storms that envelop the entire planet. "Dust plays a hugely important role in the Martian atmosphere. There are a few places on Earth where the atmosphere can be that dusty, but they're localised and maybe for short times," explained Prof David Brain, a University of Colorado at Boulder planetary expert who is working with the UAE team. "Dust absorbs a lot of energy; it can become very warm and radiate energy. And so when you're talking about energy transport, dust is a much larger part of the big picture at Mars." Hope is leading a wave of missions to Mars this February. On Wednesday, it will be the turn of China with its Tianwen-1 orbiter. Like Hope, it must complete a braking manoeuvre to be captured by the planet's gravity. Tianwen-1 is carrying a rover that will be despatched to the surface, most likely in May. Next week, on Thursday 18 February, the Americans will arrive at Mars with another of their big rovers. The Perseverance robot is being aimed at a crater that once held a giant lake. It will look for signs of fossilised life.
[EX A]: The United Arab Emirates is celebrating its first mission at Mars.

[EX Q]: A 69,000 sell-out crowd watched Team GB beat Uruguay 1-0 in the second match of a double-header. Earlier, Mexico beat Switzerland 1-0. Team GB will now return to Cardiff on Saturday for the quarter-final. Welshman Craig Bellamy led the team after Ryan Giggs started on the bench. Welsh stars Joe Allen, Aaron Ramsey and Neil Taylor were also in the squad. Welsh fans in the crowd were asked not to boo the national anthem following a plea from players, and it was respected. GB took the lead a minute before half-time when Daniel Sturridge scored the only goal of the match. Speaking before the event, Millennium Stadium manager Gerry Toms advised people to turn up early and not to bring bags. Last minute "I know some are only coming for the GB game but we say come and watch part of the first game and it will help considerably with the search procedure," he said. "If you don't need to bring a bag then don't bring on. It's going to slow the entry into the stadium." Cardiff city centre was packed as fans arrived in the city centre. Supporters from all four sides competing created a party atmosphere in the streets - playing instruments and dancing. Nick Haggar, from Haverfordwest, took his three children to watch Team GB play Uruguay. "It's great to come here and be part of the Olympics," he told BBC Wales. "There's been an excellent atmosphere. It's great to see people from all the other nations having such a good time." Matt Lewis, 43, brought his sons Myles, 11, and Joshua, nine, to the game. "We're excited to be here," he said. "This is our first Olympic match and it's a great occasion." David and Jean Peters, from Worcester, took their children Euton, 17, and Ethan, eight, to watch Team GB. Mrs Peters, 38, said: "We thought if the Olympics are in the UK this might be our only chance to watch it. Everyone said Cardiff is a great city and they were right." Swiss fans Leoni Giorgio and Salamina Alberto, from Locarno in Switzerland, have been following their team all around the UK. 'Tense and joyous' "It's been a very good experience. It think we have to beat Mexico 2-0 today to qualify. We have confidence we can do it." Earlier, crowds gathered in the Hayes to watch rowers Helen Glover and Heather Stanning win Great Britain's first gold medal on the BBC big screen. Before the match, GB coach Stuart Pearce and his staff took some time out in Bute Park. First Great Western put two extra services on after the match from Cardiff Central to London Paddington at 22:55 BST and 23:10 BST, as well as almost 3,000 extra seats on its regular services.
[EX A]: Thousands of fans gathered at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium as the Great Britain men's football team played there for the first time at the Olympics.

[EX Q]: Simon JackBusiness editor@BBCSimonJackon Twitter Take the new transatlantic Barclays, with a big US and European investment banking business, and a very profitable UK retail and credit card business, and bolt it on to Standard Chartered's Asian, African and Middle East trade expertise. Not only that, but Standard Chartered's big Asian deposit base would be a source of cheap capital for Barclays investment bank. Voila - an all-singing, all-dancing bank with a truly global footprint. It's such a tempting idea that it gets kicked around every few years and folks are now doing it again for some understandable reasons. Barclays has made good progress clearing up some big outstanding items. The fine from the US authorities over risky mortgage selling: sorted. The criminal charges over the way it raised money in Qatar in the aftermath of the crisis: dropped. The outstanding investigation into chief executive Jes Staley's handling of a whistleblowing incident last year: resolved, with a fine and yellow card from the City watchdog. The ring fencing of its UK retail bank: complete. 'Interesting blue sky' With all that out the way, so the thinking goes, the board is now twiddling its thumbs and outgoing chairman John McFarlane might fancy one last big deal as his swansong. Mr McFarlane - who used to work for Standard Chartered - has looked at this before when he joined five years ago, but both banks had more immediate fish to fry. With those fish now fried it makes sense he might look at the idea again. Certainly, deputy chairman Gerry Grimstone is a fan: he told me last year that a deal was "just blue sky thinking - but quite an interesting bit of blue sky". At that time no discussions between the two banks had taken place and I am told that is still the case. The other reason tongues are wagging is the arrival on the share register of activist investor Edward Bramson. Activist investors arrive and agitate for usually pretty radical change to deliver more value for shareholders. Perhaps, say some, this deal would tick that box. Both bosses - Mr Staley of Barclays and Bill Winters at Standard Chartered - have dismissed the idea when I have put it to them in the past. Practicalities Mr Staley is focused on building a bank centred in London and New York, and has just sold dozens of businesses, and exited Africa, where the bank spent a chequered century. He has no desire to do business in the places that Standard Chartered plies its trade. Standard Chartered itself has learnt the hard way about the pitfalls of doing business in places like Iran - incurring hefty fines from US regulators. Standard Chartered is focused on building a bank based on facilitating trade in the developed and developing countries of Asia and Africa. It has little institutional interest or expertise in investment banking - despite the fact that Bill Winters was a long-time colleague of Mr Staley's at JP Morgan's US investment bank. As for Mr Bramson, the activist shareholder, he has so far not been that active, and if and when that changes, it seems unlikely that this deal is the thing he would agitate for. City sources say his plan is most likely to include getting Barclays to sell off bits of its investment bank. Investment banking is risky, and regulators require investment banks to set aside a lot more shock absorbing capital as the price of playing that game, compared to supposedly less risky retail banking. Reducing the size of the investment bank would free up lots of capital that could then be returned to shareholders like Mr Bramson. Never say never - but my guess is that this fairytale marriage of two of Britain's biggest banks is, at the moment, just that.
[EX A]:
The marriage of Barclays and Standard Chartered is in many ways a tantalising prospect.

