Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.

Q: By Dr Wei ZhangSenior fellow, China Policy Institute at Nottingham University In 2000, its number of people aged 60 or over surpassed 10% of the total population, and almost 7% of the population were aged 65 and over. According to government figures, at the end of 2011, when the total Chinese population reached 1.34 billion, 13.7% of the population were 60 or over - that's 185 million people. Those aged 65 or over accounted for 123 million people, or just over 9%. Faster, faster The ageing process in China has two distinguishing features. First, it has happened at a much faster rate than in other countries. According to UN figures, the ratio of those aged 60 and over across the world rose by 3 percentage points in the 60 years from 1950 to 2010, while in China it increased by 3.8 percentage points in just the 10 years from 2000 to 2010. Secondly, China is one of a few countries in the world in which the population has aged before becoming rich or even moderately rich. The UN considers a country to be ageing when 7% of its population is aged 65 or over - the threshold used to be 10% of a population being 60 years old or over. While more than 60% of the world's ageing nations reached that threshold when their GDP per capita exceeded $10,000 (£6,215) - and 30% reached the threshold when their income reached $5,000 - China officially became an ageing country when its GDP per capita was less than $1,000. This inevitably means there are more financial constraints when it comes to any potential solutions. Being old costs more China's unprecedented demographic transformation has been mainly caused by a significant increase in the country's life expectancy. People are living longer life thanks to significant improvements in living standards, including improved nutrition, access to education and medical care. Another factor is China's one-child policy, which was imposed by the state in 1980. According to a government, this caused a sudden decrease in the country's birth rate and prevented 400 million extra births over the past three decades. There is debate among scholars over the exact figure. Some say the drop in birth rates was typical of that which occurs in societies as they modernise, others say it at least slowed down the population growth and therefore speeded up the ageing process in China. This rapid ageing has led some economic and social consequences. Many of those are the same experienced by other ageing nations, such as a huge fiscal deficit due to soaring pension expenses and increased medical costs. But being a less developed country experiencing a faster ageing process than most has made things difficult for China. There are also some consequences particular to China. Probably the most important consequence will be a rapid decline of labour force. There are currently 980 million people in the active labour force in China. According to Professor Zhen Binwen of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this number will reach its peak in 2015, but then start to decrease dramatically. End of cheap labour? Professor Cai Fang, a Chinese labour economist, estimates that the rapid decrease of the labour force will lower China's annual growth rate by 1.5 percentage points from now to 2015, and it will decrease a further percentage point during the period from 2016-2020. China's demographic dividend will end - the country's fast economic growth in the past three decades has been mainly led by exports, which are dependent on an abundant and cheap labour supply. A fast decline of the labour force will cause shortages and a rapid increase in wages. Such changes will weaken the competitiveness of China's export industries in the international market, affecting economic growth. China will need to undertake dramatic economic restructuring to deal with this problem. The rapid ageing process will also bring with it political difficulties. The legitimacy of Chinese communist party as a ruling group of the country since the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989 has been based on its maintaining rapid economic growth. An economic slowdown could prompt challenges to party's legitimacy. Existing disadvantaged social groups, such as migrant workers and pensioners, especially those in rural areas, will be most severely affected, and the social unrest sometimes experience in China now could become increasingly common.

A: It is more than a decade since China officially became an ageing nation, and since then, the country's ageing process has only picked up speed.
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Q: The bank has 48,000 UK workers and will make cuts in both its retail and investment banking operations. Chief executive Stuart Gulliver said the jobs would go by "natural attrition". Staff turnover stood at about 3,000 annually. A total of 25,000 jobs could be axed globally, meaning close to 10% of HSBC's 266,000 workers will go. The bank will also rebrand its UK High Street branches but is yet to decide on a new name. Options could include reviving the Midland Bank brand, which it bought in 1992, or adopting the name of its UK online bank, First Direct. 'Treated fairly' Chief executive Stuart Gulliver said he wanted to ensure that customers made a distinction between HSBC's investment and retail banking operations. The bank is being forced by new government rules to formally separate the two businesses. Dominic Hook, national officer with the union Unite, called on HSBC to achieve any job cuts through voluntary means and natural attrition. "It's really sad that all our members, all the hard work they've done to try to get the bank back working properly after all the scandals of the last few years, are going to be paying with their jobs," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme. The number of UK branches is expected to fall by about 100 from 1,057 now. Analysis: Kamal Ahmed, business editor Tomorrow is the date of the Mansion House speech - George Osborne's annual summary of financial regulation and the City. The Chancellor could send a positive message to banks, saying that they are welcome in the UK and that regulation and the tax burden need to be "proportionate". That could pave the way to a reform of the bank levy so that it has less of an impact on the foreign operations of UK banks. That could be announced in the Budget on 8 July. The Chancellor could also decide not to raise the levy. Both would be welcomed by large global banks such as HSBC. BBC business editor Kamal Ahmed said the UK job cuts would come as a shock to staff: "Global banking now is a far tougher business than it was pre-the financial crisis. It is hard to get profits." Mr Gulliver was "running a bank that investors believe simply doesn't make enough money", he added. Our correspondent said the bank was now looking to "reduce its footprint in developed economies". HSBC plans to sell assets in Turkey and Brazil, where it will continue to service large corporate clients. 'World has changed' The news came ahead of a presentation that Mr Gulliver gave to investors and analysts in his second major strategy plan since taking up the role in 2011. "We recognise that the world has changed and we need to change with it. That is why we are outlining the following... strategic actions that will further transform our organisation," he said in a statement. The 10-point plan aims to cut costs by up to $5bn (£3.25bn) and increase investment in Asia - particularly in China. "Asia [is] expected to show high growth and become the centre of global trade over the next decade," Mr Gulliver said. "Our actions will allow us to capture expected future growth opportunities." Shares in HSBC were down 0.9% at 614p in afternoon trading in London, and closed down 0.5% in Hong Kong. The company is valued at almost £120bn. Headquarters decision James Antos, analyst at Mizuho Securities Asia, said the plan would not restore investor confidence in HSBC. "Slaughtering the staff is not necessarily the solution unless management makes the bank considerably less complex," he said. HSBC said it would make a decision on whether to move its headquarters out of the UK by the end of the year. There has been speculation that the British bank may relocate its headquarters to Hong Kong since it announced the review in April. Analysis: Robert Plummer, business reporter HSBC used to style itself as "the world's local bank", combining the heft of a global brand with the sophistication of local knowledge. Yet it started moving away from that business model as far back as 2011, hit by a combination of spiralling costs and setbacks in some of those local markets to which it was a latecomer. In fact, however much we hear about economic globalisation, global banks are having a tough time of it these days. Not only are they hard to manage, but they also face stiff competition from local banks in individual countries. In Brazil, for instance, where HSBC was unknown until 1997, it has been outflanked by local operators Itau and Bradesco. Unsurprisingly, then, it has decided to dispose of its subsidiary there and concentrate on the area where its expertise has always been clear: East Asia in general, and China in particular. Mr Gulliver laid out a number of criteria for the decision - including whether the UK government supported the growth of financial services industry. He insisted that any move would not be a response to any UK legislation affecting banks, but about deciding "where the mind of the company should be". The government bank levy cost HSBC more than £700m last year - more than any other bank. Chancellor George Osborne is expected to signal a review of the levy in his Mansion House speech on Wednesday night.

A: HSBC, Europe's biggest bank, is planning to cut 8,000 jobs in the UK as it tries to reduce costs.
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Q: The Tamil National Alliance (TNA) accused Sri Lanka authorities of forcing Tamil civilians under their control towards Tamil Tigers. “It is the responsibility of the government to protect every citizen in Sri Lanka. But Tamils do not feel protected,” parliamentarian Nadarajah Raviraj said. The MPs accused security forces and paramilitaries of raping and killing a young girl and killing five students in the east. TNA parliamentary group leader, R Sampanthan said paramilitaries linked to security forces are responsible for the killing of MP Joseph Pararajasingham and Trincomalee district community leader, VVigneshawaran. “The security forces are behaving in a manner, totally hostile to the Tamil civilian population,” he told journalists in Colombo. Many civilians are fleeing the country because of fear, Sampanthan said. Strongly denying the accusations, the government accused Tamil Tigers of forcing civilians to flee “as a political strategy”. Planning Implementation minister Keheliya Rambukwella said civilians who fled Allaipiddy in Kayts Island have admitted that the LTTE forced them to flee or “face consequences”. “This is a long-established terrorist strategy,” the minister told BBC Sandeshaya. Villagers have evacuated Allaipiddy after posters have threatened them to leave the village. 13 civilians were killed by unknown gunmen in separate places in Kayts two weeks ago. Amnesty International in a statement said that it has “reliable information” that Sri Lanka Navy and paramilitaries were present at the scene of the shooting.

A:
The main Tamil political party in Sri Lanka has accused authorities of not doing enough to protect minority Tamil community in the island.
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