Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra lies north of the subarctic boreal forests and is located throughout the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Figure 20.18). Tundra also exists at elevations above the tree line on mountains. The average winter temperature is –34°C (–29.2°F) and the average summer temperature is 3°C–12°C (37°F –52°F). Plants in the Arctic tundra have a short growing season of approximately 50–60 days. However, during this time, there are almost 24 hours of daylight and plant growth is rapid. The annual precipitation of the Arctic tundra is low (15–25 cm or 6–10 in) with little annual variation in precipitation. And, as in the boreal forests, there is little evaporation because of the cold temperatures. Plants in the Arctic tundra are generally low to the ground and include low shrubs, grasses, lichens, and small flowering plants (Figure 20.26). There is little species diversity, low net primary productivity, and low aboveground biomass. The soils of the Arctic tundra may remain in a perennially frozen state referred to as permafrost. The permafrost makes it impossible for roots to penetrate far into the soil and slows the decay of organic matter, which inhibits the release of nutrients from organic matter. The melting of the permafrost in the brief summer provides water for a burst of productivity while temperatures and long days permit it. During the growing season, the ground of the Arctic tundra can be completely covered with plants or lichens.   Q: Why is there very little evaporation in the boreal forests?   A:

OPTIONS:
- too hot
- too humid
- high elevation
- temperature is too cold

Answer: temperature is too cold


Answer the following question given this paragraph:   It may be logical to assume that the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, called brine , would yield the same result through the same reactions as the process in molten NaCl. However, the reduction reaction that occurs at the cathode does not produce sodium metal because the water is reduced instead. This is because the reduction potential for water is only -0.83 V compared to -2.71 V for the reduction of sodium ions. This makes the reduction of water preferable because its reduction potential is less negative. Chlorine gas is still produced at the anode, just as in the electrolysis of molten NaCl.   Q: Where is chlorine gas produced?   A:

OPTIONS:
- in the nucleus
- carbon cycle
- epidermis
- at the anode

Answer: at the anode


Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: Hydrostatic skeletons are well suited for life in what kind of environments?   A:

OPTIONS:
- pelagic
- bacterial
- surface
- aquatic

Answer: aquatic


Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Phagocytosis , or cellular eating, occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell. The plasma membrane engulfs the solid material, forming a phagocytic vesicle.   Q: What is the term for cellular eating?   A:

OPTIONS:
- Pinocytosis
- consumption
- ancylosis
- phagocytosis

Answer:
phagocytosis