Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Ex Input:
Of Presidents, Senators, and Members of Congress (Amendments 12, 17, 20, 22, 25, & 27) The Twelfth Amendment (Proposed December 9, 1803; Adopted June 15, 1804) changed the way the President and the Vice President were elected. Additional Amendments of the Constitution. Download a PDF of the Additional Amendments. The Constitution contains within itself the process for changing it. The amendment process is described in Article 5. Amendments can be proposed in Congress when 2/3 rd of both Houses agree. There are 27 Amendments to the US Constitution. There has been only one 'change' in the Amendments, and that involves the 18th and 21st Amendments. The Amendments in History. 1  The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) 2  Sovereign Immunity of States (Amendment 11) 3  Of Presidents, Senators, and Members of Congress (Amendments 12, 17, 20, 22, 25, & 27) 4  Civil War Reconstruction (Amendments 13, 14, & 15) 5  Income Tax (Amendment 16) 6  The Short Reign of Prohibition (Amendments 18 & 21) The last two amendments address the liberties of citizens and the rights of states. The Ninth Amendment states that the Constitution and the Bill of Rights do not define all of the fundamental rights people have. Such rights exist whether or not they are defined. The Tenth Amendment makes a similar claim concerning the rights of the states. After the first enumeration, required by the first article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred; to which number one Representative shall be added for every subsequent increase of forty thousand, until the Representatives shall amount to two hundred, to which number one Representative shall be added for every subsequent increase of sixty thousand persons. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) Proposed September 25, 1789; Adopted December 15, 1791 It's almost impossible to imagine the United States (U.S.) Constitution without having a Bill of Rights, but when it was first being drafted, a majority of the Founding Fathers didn't think it was necessary. Criminal Amendments in the Bill of Rights by Scott Grabel The Bill of Rights is a crucial component of the United States Constitution that was designed to ensure the basic rights of the country's citizens. Originally, it consisted of ten amendments. Later, an additional seventeen amendments were added to the Constitution. Certain parts of these additional amendments and the Bill of Rights have had a major impact on the criminal justice system. These amendments include the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and the fourteenth amendments. The Sixth Amendment establishes a number of rights of the defendant in a criminal trial: 1  to a speedy and public trial. 2  to trial by an impartial jury. 3  to be informed of criminal charges. 4  to confront witnesses. 5  to compel witnesses to appear in court. 6  to assistance of counsel. Query: how many amendments are there all together, including the ones in the bill of rights?

Ex Output:
There are ten amendments including the ones in the Bill of Rights.


Ex Input:
Teenage Brains Are Different. She learned that that it's not so much what teens are thinking — it's how. Jensen says scientists used to think human brain development was pretty complete by age 10. Or as she puts it, that a teenage brain is just an adult brain with fewer miles on it. But it's not. To begin with, she says, a crucial part of the brain — the frontal lobes — are not fully connected. Really. It's the part of the brain that says: 'Is this a good idea? Brains of Young Adults Not Fully Mature. 1  Why Teens are Lousy at Chores. 2  Study: Your Brain Works Like the Internet. 3  Children Beat Adults in Memory Contest. 4  Mental Exercise Nearly Halves Risk of Dementia. 5  Higher Education Fuels Stronger Belief in Ghosts. Understanding the Teen Brain . It doesn’t matter how smart teens are or how well they scored on the SAT or ACT. Good judgment isn’t something they can excel in, at least not yet. The rational part of a teen’s brain isn’t fully developed and won’t be until age 25 or so. In fact, recent research has found that adult and teen brains work differently. Adults think with the prefrontal cortex, the brain’s rational part. This is the part of the brain that responds to situations with good judgment and an awareness of long-term consequences. Teens process information with the amygdala. This is the emotional part. At what age is the brain fully developed? Although brain development is subject to significant individual variation, most experts suggest that the brain is fully developed by age 25. For some people, brain development may be complete prior to age 25, while for others it may end after age 25. The mid-20s or “25” is just an average age given as checkpoint for when the brain has likely become mature. A control group of 17 older students, ranging in age from 25 to 35, were also studied for comparison. The results indicate that significant changes took place in the brains of these individuals. The changes were localized to regions of the brain known to integrate emotion and cognition. We used to think that the brain was fully developed by very early teenagerhood and we now realise that the brain doesn't stop developing until mid-20s or even early 30s. There's a lot more information and evidence to suggest that actually brain development in various forms goes on throughout the life span. When your brain processes the same signals over and over, those networks will get stronger, like working out a muscle. So even if male and female brains start out similar, they may become different over time as boys and girls are treated differently with different expectations. They are all adult brain functions. 1  Organize information. 2  Make plans. 3  Make judgments. 4  Follow through. 5  Solve problems. However, female brains typically develop... The human brain does not stop developing until around age 25. Parts of the brain that are involved in decision making do not fully develop until that age. However, female brains typically develop... The human brain does not stop developing until around age 25. Promoting Healthy Brain Development. If you are under the age of 25 and your brain is not yet fully developed, you may want to take advantage of this critical period. This means that you can effectively be a co-creator in how your brain decides to mold itself. Query: at what age do our brains fully develop

Ex Output:
Brain is fully developed by age 25.


Ex Input:
The cold sore virus is reactivated in only about a third of adults, and usually by every day factors such as ultraviolet light or cold and flu. Can I get a cold sore from having sex? Cross-infection of HSV-1 (cold sore virus) and HSV-2 (genital herpes virus) may occur during oral sex. You should avoid having oral sex whilst you have a cold sore. You should also avoid kissing anyone when you are suffering from a cold sore as it is one of the more common ways of spreading the cold sore virus. Quick Answer. Cold sores last for as few as 2.5 days if treated with Abreva when the cold sores first appear, according to the Abreva website. The site reports the median healing time for cold sores treated with Abreva as 4.1 days and recommends discontinuing use of the product after 10 days. Cold sores will usually heal within two weeks without treatment. However, there are established cold sore treatments available to help decrease healing time, reduce pain, and in specific cases, suppress the recurrence of the virus. My cold sores used to be MASSIVE and last for weeks, but now they only last a couple days and do not even look like cold sores after I’ve “worked” on them. I used to be so self-conscious when I got a cold sore, now they hardly affect my mood and are more of a slight annoyance for a couple days. How Long Do Cold Sores Last? Herpes-induced cold sores, also known as fever blisters, often break out on the lips or in the mouth. According to the NHS, untreated cold sores take approximately seven to ten days to heal. Medical specialists at the University of Maryland Medical Center believe that they last between two and three weeks, with some sores in people with weakened immune system lasting as long as six weeks. Comments. 1  Hello I just came across this forum. I was recently diagnosed with HSV-2 this past December. 2  Drinking lowers your immune system. I would cut back to once a week. 3  Hello, I am 24 years old, I have had this disease for 10 years now. How long do cold sores last? From the time of the first tingle, a cold sore will take between 7 and 10 days to completely heal - sometimes up to 14 days. Each cold sore goes through several stages before it disappears. In the vast majority of cases, the sore will heal without scarring. How Long Do Herpes Outbreaks Last. Herpes is a sexually transmitted infection. It has two known types: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Genital herpes outbreaks are normally caused by the type 2 virus while the type 1 virus typically manifests itself as cold sores around the mouth and lips. However, HSV-1 can also manifest in the form of genital herpes if there are oral to genital contact. Cycle And Duration Of A Herpes Outbreak (Primary And Recurrent) If you thought the last four days were uncomfortable — this is the most painful stage of the cold sore lifecycle. A shallow ulcer develops and the area is red and inflamed. Duration: Days 4 – 5 If you use an antiviral cream as soon as symptoms start then the cold sore may not last as long as usual and may be less severe. There is debate as to how well the cream works. Aciclovir has to be applied five times per day for five days. Query: how long cold sores last

Ex Output:

A cold sore will take between 7 and 10 days to completely heal - sometimes up to 14 days.


