instruction:
Given a text passage, come up with an appropriate title for it. The title should accurately represent what the main focus of the passage is. The title of a passage may be present in the first few sentences of the passage and/or be referred to multiple times in the passage. The title should be 1-5 words long.
question:
Vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR ) , also known as vesicoureteric reflux , is a condition in which urine flows retrograde , or backward , from the bladder into the ureters / kidneys . Urine normally travels in one direction ( forward , or anterograde ) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters , with a 1 - way valve at the vesicoureteral ( ureteral - bladder ) junction preventing backflow . The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder , creating a short length of ureter ( 1 -- 2 cm ) that can be compressed as the bladder fills . Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling , i.e. , too `` end - on '' .
answer:
Vesicoureteral reflux


question:
The United States dollar ( sign : $ ; code : USD ; also abbreviated US $ and referred to as the dollar , U.S. dollar , or American dollar ) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution . For most practical purposes , it is divided into 100 smaller cent ( ¢ ) units , but officially it can be divided into 1000 mills ( ₥ ) . The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars ( 12 U.S.C. § 418 ) .
answer:
United States dollar


question:
Informed consent is a technical term first used by attorney , Paul G. Gebhard , in a medical malpractice United States court case in 1957 . In tracing its history , some scholars have suggested tracing the history of checking for any of these practices :
answer:

Informed consent


