Question: Process:  - Food is taken into the mouth - The food is chewed - Saliva mixes with the food and starts breaking it down - The chewed food travels down the esophagus to the stomach - The stomach secretes acid - Grinds and mixes the food - The food moves to the small intestine - The small intestine uses enzymes to further break down the food - The food passes into the colon - The food is expelled from the body.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Less food is eaten happens, how will it affect the digestion process will increase.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

Question: Process:  - The air is cold - Water is in the air - The water forms tiny ice crystals - The ice crystals collide with each other - The ice crystals stick to each other - The ice crystals get bigger as more of them stick together - The ice crystals get too heavy to be in the air - The ice crystals become snowflakes - The snow flakes fall to the ground as snow.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is less of a current happens, how will it affect LESS snow.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: no

Question: Process:  - A star burns in space - Eventually it burns all its hydrogen - Becomes a red giant - Once the red giant burns itself out - The core of the star collapses - The gasses will start to disperse - Only the core is left - A white dwarf has been formed.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose "The red giant doesnt burn itself out" happens, how will it affect a LARGER white dwarf star.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer:
yes