Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.

By Jon KellyBBC News Magazine There are a number of simple solutions which might not always be obvious. Wear wet clothes "The most obvious suggestion to me is that you dampen your clothes," says Cambridge University physicist Lisa Jardine-Wright. In order for the water to evaporate - changing its state from a liquid to a gas - there needs an input of heat energy, she explains. This energy will come from the heat of your body which produces a cooling effect to your skin, lowering your temperature. If you use a fan as well, the air blowing over your skin speeds up the process of evaporation, helping you to feel even cooler. "When I was cycling in France it was more than 40C and I soaked my T-shirt in water before I went out. But that's a bit extreme," Jardine-Wright adds. "Anything that involves evaporation is going to take the heat away from you." Stick your hands in cold water Plunging your hands into a bucket or a basin full of cold water will help you cool down, says Mike Tipton, professor of human physiology at the University of Portsmouth. When your deep body temperature rises, blood is sent to the surface of the skin. "Your hands have a high surface area - it's like you have five radiators sticking out of your palm," says Tipton. "As soon as the deep body temperature returns to normal, it slows the blood flow to your hands and you'll feel cool." Fans next to windows A fan placed in the middle of a closed room will circulate the air, which helps speed up the evaporation of your sweat. But it will be much more effective if the device is placed next to an open window, says Jardine-Wright, as this will draw air from outdoors, which should be colder. "You're taking the cooler air from the outside and propelling it inside," she says. "If there are no windows or doors open you're just circulating the hot air." Eat a curry Tucking into a hot vindaloo or madras may seem a counter-intuitive way to lower your temperature. But eating spicy food helps cool you down, says Tipton. Curry contains capsaicin, a heat compound in chilli peppers that stimulates sweat production. "Anything you can do to make sure you are sweating means you will enhance evaporative heat loss," Tipton adds. "As the water evaporates you will feel cooler." Bedouin robes It's widely assumed that wearing lighter-coloured clothing is the best way to stay cool. This isn't necessarily the case, however. A 1980 study of Bedouin tribes found the colour of their garment made little difference to their body temperature. "White clothing will reflect more light, but black clothes are better radiators of heat," says Jardine-Wright. However, she says there is a option that has very clear benefit - wearing looser clothes, like the robes favoured by the Bedouin. "If you have air circulating next to your skin, it will help to evaporate the perspiration, and this will make you feel cooler." Lukewarm showers Standing under a freezing shower might sound like the quickest way to bring your temperature down. But your body will react to a dramatic change like this by trying to preserve heat. "If I'm hot and I go under a cold shower, I'll shut down the blood flow to the skin and trap the heat inside me rather than let it escape," says Tipton. As a result, he says, it's better to use water that is in the 20s Celsius than water that is in the 10s. "It's better to have a warmer shower that is cool enough to lower the deep body temperature but is warm enough to allow the blood to the surface of the skin." Sash windows People with sash windows don't always remember this, but opening both the top and bottom windows by equal amounts is a very efficient way of cooling down a room. This lets rising warm air out of the top while drawing cooler air through the bottom. The same principle applies in two-storey homes, says Jardine-Wright. "It's good if you can get the circulation going throughout the house," she adds. "If you open both the upstairs and downstairs windows, you will improve the circulation through the house as the hot air rises and cold air enters through the ground floor windows." Fan your face If you use a fan, make sure you direct the flow of air to your face, says Tipton. "It's more effective because the face has so many receptors on it," he says. "Even though you're not cooling down your whole body, fanning your face has a disproportionate effect on your comfort." However, he warns, it's important not to make a common mistake - using a manual fan too vigorously, and warming yourself up by doing so. You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook
Soaring temperatures in the UK have been welcome for some. But how can people keep comfortable when the mercury rises?

The Rt Rev Richard Chartres said people should use the Queen's Diamond Jubilee to restore strained relationships. He said although people were better off in many ways than in 1952, material progress had come at the expense of equality and communal life. The National Secular Society said having a choice to leave unsuccessful marriages was something to be welcomed. Dr Chartres, a senior Church of England bishop, also called for action to tackle "depressingly high" youth unemployment. Writing in a Bible Society pamphlet, he said relationships had become more strained, fragile and broken than people cared to recognise. 'Empty church' "Literally millions of children grow up without knowing a stable, loving, secure family life - and that is not to count the hundreds of thousands more who don't even make it out of the womb each year," he said. "Promiscuity, separation and divorce have reached epidemic proportions in our society." "Perhaps, then, we shouldn't be surprised that depression and the prescription of anti-depressants has reached a similarly epidemic level." Terry Sanderson, of the National Secular Society, which aims to challenge religious privilege, said that while Britain had problems, there was no "epidemic" of immorality. "That people now have the choice to escape from painful and unsuccessful marriages is something to welcome," he said. "It has not always been so, and women in particular have borne the brunt of sometimes brutal marriages from which they could not escape - mainly because the Church would not let them. "Like so many other clergymen, the bishop is trying to convince us that we are immoral because we have progressed in ways that he doesn't like. And that is probably why his church is so empty." Caroline Davey, from charity Gingerbread, which provides support for single parents, said "poverty and conflict" were the most powerful drivers of poor outcomes for children. "Modern British family life is made up of a range of different family types, all of whom need and deserve support - not criticism - as they bring up their children in these difficult economic times," she added. Queen praised Dr Chartres presented the biblical understanding of a Jubilee as an opportunity to take a long view, and think about the kind of environment being bequeathed to following generations. He said it should include a move to living within our means. Dr Chartres also described youth unemployment in Britain as "appalling" and said we should look to role models and mentors for a solution, as well as government. The government said it was one of the biggest challenges the country faced, but was determined to tackle it head on. Recent figures showed the number of 16 to 24-year-olds seeking work was 707,000, down 24,000 on the previous quarter. Dr Chartres also praised the "quiet dignity" of the Monarch, who he described as the most famous public figure on earth and the most respected. "The way in which she and her family have reached out to include newly established British communities has provided a focus for continuing but expanding national self-respect," he added.
Promiscuity, separation and divorce have reached epidemic proportions in Britain, the Bishop of London has said.

The chief whip told reporters he was sorry for not showing enough respect to the police, but maintained that he "did not use the words attributed to me". He said he wanted to "draw a line" under last Wednesday's incident. The Police Federation and Labour both want an inquiry, while some Lib Dems were unimpressed by the statement. Mr Mitchell is reported to have sworn at an officer during the incident on Wednesday evening - when police directed him away from the main gate to a smaller pedestrian gate - and said "learn your place" and "you don't run this government". 'Discourteous' In his first statement to reporters about the incident, on Monday morning, Mr Mitchell said that the incident had come at the end of a "long and extremely frustrating day". He added: "I didn't show them the amount of respect I should have done." He said the police officer involved had accepted his apology. When asked whether he had used the word "plebs", as is alleged in the Sun newspaper, Mr Mitchell did not answer directly, saying only that he had not used the words that have been reported. The newspaper says it has seen the official police report of the incident, which does include the word. Chair of the Metropolitan Police Federation John Tully told the BBC that Mr Mitchell's apology was not sufficient and an inquiry was needed to resolve the issue. "He is calling the officer's integrity into question and that isn't acceptable from my point of view. "I think the Downing Street officials should launch an inquiry as soon as possible to get to the truth." The issue dominated the prime minister's official spokesman's lobby briefing on Monday, especially the apparently conflicting accounts given by Mr Mitchell and by the police. Asked about the differences, the spokesman said the PM "obviously accepts the statement" from Mr Mitchell. It has also emerged that the Metropolitan Police is investigating how police records of the incident were obtained by the newspaper. The force confirmed they had not made a complaint to Downing Street and they were satisfied with how the officers involved dealt with the incident. Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg - who had called for Mr Mitchell to give a full account of the row - said Mr Mitchell had been right to apologise and show contrition. He said: "Being discourteous is a bad thing. He said the police officer has accepted his apology, which is significant. It is discourteous and just wrong to be rude to police officers." Former Lib Dem leader Sir Menzies Campbell said: "If Andrew Mitchell's determination was to draw two lines under this matter he hasn't achieved it." And fellow Lib Dem Jeremy Browne, a Home Office minister, said: "I think people want to know what was said... explaining to the media what was not said, is not the same as explaining to the media what was said." Business Secretary Vince Cable worked in a joke about the row during his speech to the Lib Dem conference, referring to David Cameron and Boris Johnson's school days at Eton, before adding: "I've been told that jokes about social class are not good for the unity of the coalition. But as a mere pleb, I couldn't resist it." Labour's shadow policing minister David Hanson said: "If Number 10 don't believe the testimony of a number of Downing Street police officers that's very serious. "Alternatively if the chief whip isn't telling the prime minister the full story that's equally as serious. "The prime minister must ensure there is a proper investigation by the cabinet secretary and Andrew Mitchell needs to deliver a lot more answers very fast." Labour MP Bill Esterson has written to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Sir John Lyon, asking him to investigate whether Mr Mitchell has broken the code of conduct for MPs.

David Cameron has full confidence in Andrew Mitchell and said he had taken the "correct action" in apologising for his outburst at police, says No 10.

