Arguments: 1. A Reappraisal in the Light of the New Dynamism of the EC Millennium - Journal of International Studies , Vol .
2. 20 , No. 1 , pp.1-22 ,
3. For example , this might involve integrating coal and steel , then integrating transport systems so that coal and steel are moved around more easily .
4. Secondly , there is Political spill-over , where political actors shift their allegiance to a new centre , for example from the national parliament to Brussels .
5. Thirdly , there is cultivated spill-over , which is the idea that institutions drive further integration by being in practice ; for example the European Commissions growing autonomy .
6. Tranholm-Mikkelsen , Jeppe `` Neo-functionalism : Obstinate or Obsolete ?
7. Spill-over is the following concept in order to enjoy the full benefits of integration of the first sector you need to integrate the related sectors .
8. An example of this is the ECSC -LRB- European Coal and Steel Community -RRB- evolving into other energy sectors and forming Euratom .
9. There are three types of spill-over functional spill-over , political spill-over and cultivated spill-over .
10. Firstly , functional spill-over , which regards spill-over in an economic context .

Debate: Neo-functionalism explains the integration of the European Union


Arguments: 1. Developed nations have been allowed to industrialize at whatever pace they wished , and through industrialization produce emissions .
2. Developing nations need to be allowed to develop without the burden of emission restrictions .
3. Having had free reign to develop for 200 years the developed nations need to take responsibility for those 200 years of irresponsibility while giving the developing world longer to clean up its act .
4. Despite having been polluting the atmosphere as a result of industrialization since the early 19 Century developed nations only began comprehensively limiting pollution after World War II in order to reduce smog through regulation such as the 1955 Air Pollution Control act and 1963 Clean Air Act in the United States and many developed countries have yet to regulate their CO2 emissions .
5. In India 456 million people live on under $ 1.25 per day , it is absurd to suggest that India despite having higher CO2 emissions than Japan , indeed almost double , should have to reduce its emissions by a similar amount and at the same time industrialise to pull these millions out of poverty .
6. The developing world at the same time has higher responsibilities that come first , for example to ensure that there is no one living in poverty .
7. Environmental Protection Agency , History of the Clean Air Act , 16 November 2010 ,

Debate: This house believes that developed countries have a higher obligation to combat climate change than developing countries


Arguments: 1. Accessed September 7 , 2011 from :
2. BBC News -LRB- 26 August , 2011 -RRB- .
3. Although there have been some arguments amongst its member states , NATO has shown us that a standing multinational defence force is possible and more importantly works well overall .
4. NATO has been crucial to maintaining the balance of power during the cold war .
5. Considering many members of NATO are also members of the EU , the proposed European Defence Force could follow its example and complement it .
6. The recent NATO deployment in Libya is an example of its regional influence and military flexibility .

Debate:
This House would create a single European Union army