Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.

Abstract: A variety of effective drugs are available for the treatment of schizophrenia. Knowledge of the side-effect spectrum of the various classes of antipsychotic drugs is necessary for the clinician to arrive at a rational choice of medication. In general, the preferred drug will be a high-potency neuroleptic. The following basic principles of clinical psychopharmacology should be followed: Consider risk and benefits; clinical experience is prerequisite; establish the diagnosis; select the appropriate class of psychotropic drug for the primary diagnosis; within drug class, the drugs are usually equally effective for patients with the diagnosis; give a dose that is high enough to be effective; choose target symptoms that can be monitored to indicate when to stop or increase the drug; avoid use of multiple drugs when possible; drugs are only one element in a comprehensive treatment strategy. Other modalities need equally careful consideration, e.g., psychotherapy, group therapy, family treatment, and vocational rehabilitation; and consultation with other subspecialists should be sought readily when indicated.
Dopamine

Abstract: This retrospective review of medical records was designed to address three questions: 1) Can the depression seen in some patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) be successfully treated? 2) Does this treatment lead to any long-term improvement in the patient's cognitive status? and 3) Do patients with coexisting DAT and depression have a different long-term clinical course than nondepressed DAT patients? In the authors' sample of 131 DAT subjects, 41 (31%) also met DMS-III criteria for a major affective disorder. Of those DAT plus depression patients whose records reflected treatment (usually with a tricyclic antidepressant), 85% (17 of 20) showed clear evidence of improvement in mood, vegetative signs, or activities of daily living (ADLs) based on review of the medical record. An analysis of change in cognitive function (measured by the Folstein Mini-Mental State) and five global measures failed to reveal any differences between the depressed and nondepressed groups after a mean interval of 17 months. The depression that occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of DAT patients appears to respond to appropriate therapy. These patients often show improvement in their mood and ADLs but remain demented.
Aged

Abstract: Severe traction injuries may damage the brachial plexus at any level from the spinal cord to the axillary outlet. Investigation aims to determine the level of the injury for each of the nerves, trunks or cords, with particular reference to obtaining firm evidence of any intradural (pre-ganglionic) damage. We report the results of computerised axial tomography of the cervical spine in comparison with conventional myelography and with surgical exploration of the plexus. CT scanning with contrast enhancement greatly improves diagnostic accuracy, particularly at C5 and C6 root levels.

Acute Disease

