Arguments: 1. This even affects the biggest and best resourced university libraries .
2. They then face the cost of getting individual access to an online journal article which can be up to $ 42 , despite there being almost zero marginal cost to the publisher .
3. Sciverse , Pay-per-view , Elsevier , Sample , Ian , Harvard University says it cant afford journal publishers prices , , 24 April 2012 .
4. Robert Darnton the director of Harvard Universitys library which pays $ 3.5 million per year for journal articles says The system is absurd and academically restrictive instead the answer will be open-access journal publishing .
5. Unfortunately this is not always the case .
6. Having paid for access to universities and the materials they provide for research students have a right to expect that they will have all the necessary materials available .
7. Therefore any student who wants to go into areas not anticipated by the course they are enrolled with will find that they do not have access to the materials they require .
8. University libraries are unable to afford all the university journals they wish to have access to or need for their courses .

Debate: Universities should make all academic work they produce, including scholarly articles, course handbooks and recorded lectures, available to the general public.


Arguments: 1. This means that even the very rich pay only a small percentage of the value of their entire estate - if you died in 2009 leaving an estate worth $ 5 million , only the $ 1.5 million above the threshold would actually pay any estate tax .
2. Only about 2 % of Americans , the very wealthiest , actually pay estate taxes because there is a high initial exemption level -LRB- rising to $ 3.5 million in 2009 -RRB- below which nothing is paid .
3. It acknowledges that luck , circumstance , and family contribute to wealth along with hard work , creativity , and sacrifice .
4. The estate tax is a progressive tax that promotes economic equality by taxing the rich more than the poor .
5. Therefore , the estate tax is vital in preventing the emergence of a ` hereditary upper class ' that would institutionalise wealth and prevent its dispersal to those who work the hardest and deserve the greatest reward .
6. Furthermore , the need to reduce economic inequality has never been greater ; in the United States the gap between the earnings of the top fifth and the bottom fifth has jumped 50 % since 1980 .

Debate: This house would impose an estate tax


Arguments: 1. The Pacific island of Tongas switched recognition because it feared the PRC would veto its membership of the UN .
2. So Tom is already a member but that does not mean the PRC cant cause problems in the international body ; it clearly has the ability to scupper any initiative So Tom wishes to pursue .
3. The PRC is a member of the United Nations Security Council and as such is one of the key members of the UN .
4. It is therefore difficult for countries to avoid dealing with it .
5. Fossen , Anthony Van , The Struggle for Recognition : Diplomatic Competition between China and Taiwan in Oceania , , Col. 12 , No. 2 , 2007 , , p. 4
6. Similarly in other international institutions while the PRC does not wield as much power as it does in the UN it still has considerably more influence than Taiwan ; this includes over some organisations that provide aid such as the World Bank and IMF .
7. So Tom therefore must deal with the PRC , this being the case it should not let recognition get in the way .

Debate:
This House would, as Sao Tome, drop relations with Taiwan in favour of Mainland China