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The edition features Princess Hayfa Bint Abdullah Al Saud in the driving seat of a car. A ban on women driving in the country is due to be lifted on June 24. But almost a dozen women and their supporters who campaigned to end the ban have been arrested in recent weeks. The magazine has been labelled "tone deaf" by critics because several of these activists remain in custody. In a statement, Vogue Arabia editor-in-chief Manuel Arnaut defended the magazine's editorial decisions. He said the publication "highlights and discusses key issues related to womanhood in the Arab world" and said using Princess Hayfa "helped magnify" their message. "Informing and initiating healthy debates around meaningful topics are a priority for us, and we therefore decided to emphasise this with an iconic and powerful image that is completely fulfilling its purpose: bring focus to the region and to the role of women in Saudi society," Mr Arnaut said in a statement sent to the BBC. Some Saudi Twitter users complained that the princess did not deserve to be on the cover, especially with the headline "driving force". Some posted memes photoshopping activists in her place. But others welcomed the edition, saying the magazine had "made history" by featuring Princess Hayfa, and described her as an "inspiration". The BBC's Arab Affairs editor Sebastian Usher said the controversy was reminiscent of another involving Vogue in 2011 - when it ran a feature on Syrian first lady Asmaa Assad in its global edition, just as her husband began a violent repression of protestors. Saudi Arabia's King Salman announced in September 2017 that he would lift the ban on women driving after years of campaigning by activists. A press release for the edition says it was intended as a celebration of the cultural reform under way in Saudi Arabia. In the issue, Princess Hayfa says she supported the changes with "great enthusiasm". The edition also contains features and interviews with several other high-profile Saudi Women, including fashion designers, a footballer and a photographer.
Vogue defends Saudi princess cover after backlash

By Glenn CampbellBBC Political correspondent Brexit Downing Street confirmed Brexit was "top" of the prime minister's agenda when she returned from holiday. Theresa May chaired a special cabinet meeting at Chequers on Wednesday 31 August to discuss the government's approach. Mrs May opened the meeting by repeating the "Brexit means Brexit" mantra she's been using since the day she launched her leadership campaign. "We must continue to be very clear that Brexit means Brexit. That we're going to make a success of it. That means there's no second referendum, no attempts to sort of stay in the EU by the back door. We're actually going to deliver on this," she told cabinet ministers. Beyond that, the prime minister has said precious little that defines the future relationship with the EU she is seeking. After the cabinet meeting, a Downing Street spokeswoman dropped a couple of hints when she said: "The model we are seeking is one unique to the United Kingdom and not an off-the-shelf solution. "This must mean controls on the numbers of people who come to Britain from Europe but also a positive outcome for those who wish to trade goods and services". Only when there's an agreed negotiating position will the prime minister trigger what's called Article 50 - the mechanism to formally begin two years of EU exit talks. Mrs May has already said this will not happen before the end of 2016. The Labour leadership contender, Owen Smith, wants his party to vote against Article 50 being triggered unless the PM agrees to give the public another vote on the final Brexit deal. Downing Street has said there is "no need for a parliamentary vote". Economy Theresa May was quick to rule out an emergency budget following the EU referendum. However, she called for the government's "surplus by 2020" target to be dropped, the day before then-chancellor George Osborne announced that decision. The new chancellor, Philip Hammond, has said he is prepared to "reset" UK economic policy, if necessary, in his Autumn statement. Mrs May set out some of her thinking on economic reform in a leadership campaign speech in Birmingham on 11 July. She talked about improving productivity, issuing more bonds to pay for public works and overhauling corporate governance. In her speech launching her leadership bid, she said that if faced with a choice between spending cuts, increased borrowing or tax rises "the priority must be to avoid tax increases". Hinkley Point One major economic decision that is expected in the "early autumn" is on the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant. The government unexpectedly put off a decision shortly after Theresa May became prime minister. The former cabinet minister, Sir Vince Cable, has said that, as home secretary, Mrs May was concerned about China's involvement in the deal. Her chief of staff and long-serving adviser, Nick Timothy, has previously expressed security concerns about the Hinkley deal. China's ambassador to the UK has warned that any decision not to go ahead with Hinkley could damage relations between the two countries. If a decision is not made before Theresa May travels to China for the G20 summit, questions over Hinkley Point's future could become a dominant feature during the trip. New runway Another big, much-delayed decision due this autumn is on airport expansion. After the Brexit vote, the then transport secretary, Patrick McLoughlin put off an announcement until "at least October". The Davies commission, published in July 2015, set out three options and recommended building a third runway at Heathrow. Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson and Education Secretary Justine Greening have strongly opposed that idea. The chancellor, Philip Hammond, is on the record supporting Gatwick's expansion instead. The prime minister, whose Maidenhead constituency is on the Heathrow flight path, is chairing the Cabinet sub-committee that will decide. Social reform Mrs May has spoken about making "Britain a country that works, not for a privileged few, but for every one of us". In both her leadership speeches and in her first address as prime minister, she highlighted what she called "burning injustices". "If you're born poor you will die on average nine years earlier than others. If you're black, you're treated more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you're white. If you're a white, working class boy, you're less likely than anybody else in Britain to go to university. If you're at a state school, you're less likely to reach the top professions than if you're educated privately. If you're a woman, you will earn less than a man. If you suffer from mental health problems, there's not enough help to hand. If you're young, you'll find it harder than ever before to own your own home" She has not said exactly how she intends to tackle these issues but she has committed to doing so. Mrs May chaired a new cabinet sub-committee on social reform in Downing Street on 1 September. It seems reasonable to expect more on this agenda in her speech at the Conservative Party conference on 5 October. Education In the context of social reform, Mrs May has specifically talked about school reform. She was due to give more detail on her plans had the Conservative leadership contest continued. The Daily Telegraph has reported that she wants to end the ban on new grammar schools in England. The Department for Education has confirmed that the new secretary of state, Justine Greening, is "looking at the issue" having told the BBC that she is "open-minded" about it. As a child, the prime minister won a place at a grammar school which converted to a comprehensive during her time there. Devolution One other area where Theresa May has signalled a potentially different approach is on devolution. In July Theresa May promised "a proper industrial strategy to get the whole economy firing. And a plan to help not one or even two of our great regional cities but every single one of them". Whatever that means, it does not appear to mean ditching the Northern Powerhouse, which continues to have a dedicated minister. Writing in the Yorkshire Post and the Birmingham Mail, Mrs May also confirmed plans to go ahead with mayoral elections next year. Scotland Theresa May stressed her commitment to the Union as she arrived in Downing Street as PM: "We believe in the union, the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland". Within two days she travelled to Edinburgh to meet Scotland's first minister, Nicola Sturgeon. Ms Sturgeon has said a second independence referendum is "highly likely" following the Brexit vote and has begun a "listening exercise" to gauge support. At the same time, Ms Sturgeon is seeking to retain Scotland's links with the EU as part of the UK's exit negotiations. The prime minister said she was "willing to listen to options" without giving any firm commitments. After the Brexit cabinet at Chequers, a spokeswoman for the prime minister made clear that none of the devolved nations would have a veto over the timing or content of the negotiations to leave the EU.
What's in Theresa May's in-tray?

By Richard BlackEnvironment correspondent, BBC News And with the human population set to expand by about two billion people between now and the middle of the century, and with yields from fishing flat-lining as stocks decline, that proportion is set to increase dramatically. But given the environmental issues that have dogged fish farming down the years - pollution, disease, the need for wild fish to feed to the farmed ones - how can the industry expand so far without creating major problems? And where are all the extra fish farms to go? On all fronts, aquaculture is searching for new frontiers. And the indications are that the industry of the future will farm different species, use novel integrated production methods, and explore new physical environments, from city centres to the open ocean. "The forecast is that by the year 2050 there will be a shortage of land for food production," says Patrick Sorgeloos from Ghent University in Belgium, an aquaculture adviser to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). "And on top of that, freshwater will be a really precious resource that we will not be able to waste or use to expand freshwater aquaculture. "So the FAO and other organisations are very much convinced that the future for aquaculture is much more in the marine environment - and with 70% of the globe covered by sea, we have a great opportunity to get more food produced there." Already, the bays and inlets of many coastlines are chock full of fish pens and floating platforms for shellfish. Some companies have responded by moving to more far-flung locations - to uninhabited peninsulas or islands. "In Canada already they're in remote locations, with staff living on barges, and the same thing's happening in Chile," says Steve Bracken, business support manager for Marine Harvest. This company - the world's biggest producer of farmed salmon - is now looking at starting similar remote operations off the west coast of Scotland. "The waters would be faster flowing, deeper, and ideal locations for farming salmon," he says. "But that brings a degree of remoteness - it's likely we'd have staff living and working there, so they'd be some kind of residential fish farms." Marine Harvest has outlined plans for barge-based operations, each of which would entail a staff of six living and working on the farm, much as oil-rig workers or lighthouse-keepers do today. But things could go further. "One idea that's been put forward is that smolts - which are the start of the grow-out period for salmon in the sea, as young fish of 60-80g - could be put on board a large vessel, and then the vessel heads up the west coast of America to California," says Steve Bracken. "By the time it gets there, the fish are at market size. It would be a slow journey - but it's an exciting prospect." Blue horizons Another avenue for expansion is through looking at species that are not currently staples, but that are palatable and ideal for farming. Bluefin tuna, for example, are under huge pressure in the wild as the favoured species for sushi and sashimi. Farming them from scratch would be a natural step; but it has proved really hard to do. The Kona Blue company, operating in Hawaii, believes it has a solution; stop eating bluefin, and start eating Kona Kampachi. "We can't just rely on pillage and plunder from wild stocks anymore - we have to produce it ourselves, and we have to produce it in the open ocean, in deeper water," argues the company's co-founder Neil Sims. "What we have to do is to winnow through the marine species; and those that are the best targets for wild fisheries may not be the best species for us to farm long-term." Derived from the Almaco Jack or kahala, the company says Kona Kampachi is not only a good replacement from the palate's perspective, but also because the fish can be farmed sustainably. Key to that sustainability, it says, is that the farm is located in open ocean, half a mile off the coast of Kona island, with the strong currents able to remove the fish's faeces and any other pollutants. Fresh to your door At the other end of the scale from open-sea cages and vast barges full of salmon smolts are urban fish farms - water in the heart of the city, close to where the eager consumer awaits. "There's no limit except your imagination as to what we can do indoors," says Dickson Despommier, the Columbia University professor who developed the concept of vertical farming a decade ago. "We can produce shrimp, we can produce molluscs; you can raise trout, striped bass, catfish..." The vertical farming concept began with a challenge to Columbia University students to find new ways of feeding New York's teeming millions. The answer was, special skyscrapers... and if they can produce plants, why not fish as well? Space and resources, not least water, are at a premium - hence the development of techniques such as aquaponics, a variant of the water-frugal plant-growing technique of hydroponics. "In aquaponics, what you do is place the growing bed of the vegetables or flowers or whatever you're growing in the flow of the water coming out of the fish tanks," explains Martin Schreibman from Brooklyn College in New York. "It's the fish wastes, the breakdown products of protein metabolism, that provide the nitrates and phosphates for plants. "So I now have a system with styrofoam floats, there are holes in the styrofoam that contain the plants - we've got pak choi and lettuce at the moment - and the water is plumbed back into the fish tank, so you've got a closed cycle." Several cities are investigating vertical farming - Portland, Los Angeles, Las Vegas inside the US, Beijing, Incheon, Abu Dhabi elsewhere. One option would be to run the farms as community enterprises in which people could take a share - akin to allotments used for growing vegetables Just as with the ocean-going salmon barges, there is a lot of work to be done before vertical fish farms become standard... but given rising food prices, the squeeze on land, the growing human population and the increasing taste for local food, perhaps its day is coming. Fancy turbot for dinner, or some shrimp for tomorrow's salad? Just nip across to the aquaponics centre, pluck some out, and 10 minutes later they are in the pan. Sounds appetising; but Dickson Despommier sees other reasons to pursue the dream. "If vertical farming proves successful... then if you were to take a picture today of the skyline of New York or London or Shanghai and then compare that to 50 years later, you'd see a remarkable change," says Dickson Despommier. "You'd see absolutely gorgeous, tall transparent buildings, apartment houses with three or four stories of transparent vertical farming on top... and you've taken food out of the hands of a few mass producers and placed it into the hands of all the people." You can find out more about the possible futures of aquaculture in this week's edition of One Planet on the BBC World Service.

City street to open sea - fish farming's new frontiers

