instruction:
Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.
question:
Abstract: Three models for continuing professional education (CPE) are described: an education model, which reflects the mainstream of CPE practice and focuses on educational objectives, teaching methods, organization of educational experiences, and assessment; a social change model, which considers the total environment in which CPE occurs; and a problem-based model, which focuses on the professional context and order of complexity of professional problems. Each model is described, and its strengths and drawbacks as applied to continuing medical education are discussed.
answer:
Clinical Competence


question:
Abstract: CT scans were obtained in five patients who presented with abdominal pain and were found to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm without evidence of hypovolaemia. A periaortic haematoma and evidence of a rupture was found on scanning in three of the patients and confirmed at immediate operation. A retrospective diagnosis of rapidly expanding (acute) aneurysm was made in the other two patients in whom no other pathology was found at early elective operation. CT scanning is useful in differentiating small well-controlled ruptures from rapidly expanding aneurysms.
answer:
Acute Disease


question:
Abstract: This article reviews the literature relevant to the possible causes, prevention, and treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain. Shoulder pain and stiffness impede the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia. The cause of this complication is unknown, but it may be related to the severity of neurological deficits, preexisting or posthemiplegic soft tissue injury, subluxation, brachial plexus injury, or shoulder-hand syndrome. Shoulder pain may be preventable if risk factors can be identified and appropriate prophylaxis applied. Resolution of the condition depends on diagnosis and effective treatment at the onset of the symptoms. More clinical research is needed to clarify the cause of hemiplegic shoulder pain and to document the efficacy of prophylactic and treatment methods.
answer:

Brachial Plexus


