Given a travel related situation, and given a specific question about the situation, summarize the question into a title

What happens if you book tickets through an airline or travel agent, but on the travel date miss a connecting flight (either because the first flight was delayed, or because immigration/security took too long at the connecting airport)? Will you be put on the next flight for free? Are you expected to pay for a new ticket or a change fee? I'm specifically wondering about Continental/United, but also curious about airlines in general.

What happens if you miss a connecting flight?

Searching for flights from Aruba to Ottawa, Canada using Expedia.com I run into this gem:

 

Is this doable? 

Also, I read somewhere you could do US Immigration in Aruba, is this correct? (This would definitely simplify the process in Newark if it were so)

The flight would be the 20th if November, does this date coincide with high season or something in the US?

47 minute layover at Newark, is this doable?

I recently applied for a short-term student visa, mentioning the departure and return dates as 13/05/18 and 10/08/18 (=90 days) respectively. After my visa got approved, the validity dates mentioned were 11/05/18 and 08/08/18 (=90 days) but since I have already booked my return flight on 10/08/18 and if I return back from France on 10//08/18 I'll be violating the visa policy. 

What will be the best thing which I can do in this scenario? 

If I go with this visa and violate the visa policy by exceeding the visa's validity by 2 days what consequences can I possibly face, considering the face that it wasn't actually my fault but a sheer mistake committed by people in embassy?


Can I stay in France more than the validity range of my Schengen visa given I'm not exceeding my duration limit?

