Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Genetic variants in DLG5, which encodes a scaffolding protein on chromosome 10q23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, encoding a proinflammatory cytokine on chromosome 6p, have recently been reported to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied these variants to seek evidence of association with IBD in a large independent dataset.', "We genotyped 1104 unrelated white IBD subjects-496 with Crohn's disease, 512 with ulcerative colitis, and 96 with indeterminate colitis from the Cambridge/Eastern (UK) panel-and 760 healthy control subjects for DLG5_113G/A, DLG5_4136C/A, TNF-857C/T, and TNF-1031T/C polymorphisms. Known Crohn's disease-predisposing variants in CARD15/NOD2 were also genotyped to permit analysis for reported epistatic interactions.", ": TNF-857 was shown to be associated with IBD overall (P = 0.0079). A formal interaction test showed that TNF-857 is associated equally with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Neither of the DLG5 alleles, however, was associated with IBD (P = 0.32 and 0.35). Subgroup analysis also failed to show evidence of association between either DLG5 allele or genotype frequencies and ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Stratification of TNF-alpha and DLG5 cases by CARD15 genotype made no significant difference in the strength of associations.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy.', 'CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patients with DLCL aged >65 years and diagnosed at a single institution. Treatment with curative versus palliative intent was chosen according to clinical judgment. Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens were given to 62 (74%) patients. The outcome of patients was analyzed according to both the treatment received and the results of CGA.', 'According to CGA, 42 (50%) patients were classified as "fit." They were younger (P < .0001) and had less frequent systemic symptoms (P = .03). These patients received curative treatment by clinical judgment. Their response rate (92.5% vs 48.8%; P < .0001) and median survival (not reached vs 8 months; P < .0001) were significantly better than those of 42 patients considered "unfit" by CGA. Among unfit patients, 20 had actually received curative and 22 palliative therapy. These subgroups did not differ in any geriatric or lymphoma-related characteristic. Their outcome was similar irrespectively of the type of treatment received (median survival, 8 vs 7 months; P = nonsignificant). Lymphoma rather than toxicity was the main cause of failure/death also among unfit patients treated aggressively.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations are considered to be a consequence of hepatocyte damage. We performed a prospective study to examine the association between ALT within its reference interval and risk for subsequent development of NAFLD.', 'The study cohort comprised 5237 healthy men without diagnosed NAFLD and without increases of either ALT (> or =35 U/L) or gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; > or =40 U/L) above the reference intervals. We assessed alcohol intake via self-reporting (questionnaire) and performed biochemical tests for liver and metabolic function and abdominal ultrasonography. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in the model for NAFLD.', 'During 13 276.6 person-years of follow-up over a 4-year period, 984 new incident cases of NAFLD developed. We adjusted for age, weight change, body mass index, glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and incident diabetes. Compared with an ALT concentration of <16 U/L, aHR values (95% confidence intervals) for ALT concentrations were 1.53 (1.18-1.98), 1.66 (1.29-2.13), 1.62 (1.26-2.08), and 2.21 (1.73-2.81) for ALT concentrations of 16-18, 19-21, 22-25, and 26-34 U/L, respectively. This relationship remained significant even among normal-weight participants who were still within the reference interval of ALT and GGT at all follow-up examinations.
Example Output:
0

