Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.

Ex Input:
Abstract: Of 68 patients with unclippable aneurysms treated by proximal artery occlusion with detachable balloons, permanent occlusion was achieved in 65; of these patients, 37 had carotid artery aneurysms below the origin of the ophthalmic artery, 21 had aneurysms arising from the supraclinoid portion of the carotid artery, six had basilar trunk aneurysms, and one had a distal vertebral aneurysm. Examination for treatment selection included assessment of the circle of Willis by compression angiography and xenon blood flow studies, with the ultimate evaluation being test occlusion under systemic heparinization with the balloon temporarily placed in the desired position. Of 67 patients who underwent a formal occlusion test, eight with carotid artery aneurysms did not initially tolerate the occlusion test, and ischemic signs disappeared instantaneously with deflation and removal of the balloon. During test occlusion, two additional patients had ischemic events that proved to be embolic; these reversed immediately upon balloon deflation. Of the 65 patients in whom permanent occlusion was effected by detachable balloon, there were nine instances of delayed cerebral events. One of these was a seizure leading to respiratory arrest and resuscitation 3 days following occlusion in a patient who had presented with seizures. The other eight cases were delayed ischemic events; seven were completely reversed and one patient had residual weakness in one leg (1.5% permanent morbidity). Extracranial-intracranial bypass procedures were performed in 25 of the 65 cases. All aneurysms of the carotid artery below the level of the ophthalmic artery presented angiographic proof of complete thrombosis. Ten of 21 aneurysms arising from the supraclinoid portion of the carotid artery were completely thrombosed by proximal occlusion alone, without additional trapping procedures. Similarly, in three of six basilar trunk aneurysms, proximal occlusion alone initiated complete aneurysm thrombosis without trapping. The conclusion is that proximal balloon occlusion for unclippable cerebral aneurysms is a convenient, safe, and effective way of producing arterial occlusion in these cases.

Ex Output:
Use of detachable balloons for proximal artery occlusion in the treatment of unclippable cerebral aneurysms.


Ex Input:
Abstract: Although pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common serious infection among young women of reproductive age in the United States, no nationwide data are available on the patterns of antibiotic treatment of this disease. To examine these patterns we analyzed over 25 million antibiotic prescriptions for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease from 1966 through 1983, using the National Disease and Therapeutic Index. Most patients received a single antibiotic on an outpatient basis. Overall, use of natural penicillins declined markedly, and use of aminopenicillins more than doubled. Cephalosporins emerged as the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for hospitalized patients. Nationwide surveillance of treatment patterns may help to identify areas needing improvement through continuing education.

Ex Output:
Antibiotic treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. Trends among private physicians in the United States, 1966 through 1983.


Ex Input:
Abstract: To evaluate the influence of plasma protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) on blood volume and blood pressure, we studied 40 patients with the nephrotic syndrome (plasma protein 41.1 +/- 5.3 g/liter, COP 10.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) and 43 patients with chronic renal failure (plasma protein 65.0 +/- 5.8 g/liter, COP 22.4 +/- 3.0 mm Hg) at overhydration, during gradual edema removal to normal hydration, and occasionally, to mild dehydration. The number of measure points was 113 in the nephrotic syndrome and 92 in renal failure. In both groups blood volume was normal at normal extracellular fluid volume (ECFV). Elevation of ECFV to 300% of normal in the nephrotic syndrome occurred with only a modest elevation of blood volume (NS). Elevation of ECFV to 200% of normal in the patients with renal failure was attended by a major elevation of blood volume (P less than 0.01). Reduction of ECFV to about 10% below normal was accompanied by parallel blood volume reduction in both groups. Blood pressure was comparable at normohydration, and increased to clearly hypertensive levels only in the renal failure group with increasing ECFV and blood volume (P less than 0.01). No major blood pressure difference was observed between normal and subnormal hydration, but hypotension was observed twice in the nephrotic group. Apparently, patients with severe hypoproteinemia due to the nephrotic syndrome are generally able to preserve their blood volume even when free of edema. However, their blood volume is not elevated in overhydration, in contrast to patients with renal failure who are normoproteinemic. This difference in regulation of extracellular fluid distribution is probably related to the hypoproteinemia, and its effect to reduce tissue-fluid protein.

Ex Output:

The importance of plasma protein for blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis.


