Argument:1. Worse prison conditions for particular offences would act as a deterrent .
2. If people , in prisons generally and in society as a whole , see that those who are convicted of particularly bad crimes will be deterred from committing those worse crimes .
3. If prison is simply a holding place that prevents people inside from committing crime then it is failing in creating deterrence ; criminals sometimes feel it is better to commit a crime when released in order to get back into prison .
4. Katz , Levitt , and Shustorovich using death rates show how harsh prison conditions are likely to mean lower crime rates overall though a doubling of the death rate only reduces the crime rate by a few percentage points .
5. Blecker , p. 68 Katz , Lawrence et al. , Prison Conditions , Capital Punishment , and Deterrence , , Vol .5 , No. 2 , 2003 , p. 340
Claim: Harsher conditions are a deterrent


Sentences: 1. As a result , they often cause on-going harm to victims who can not feel safe in their communities even after the conflict has ended .
2. The intention of many crimes of war is to destroy and demoralise individuals and communities .
3. While full compensation is impossible , both the symbolic realisation of justice and the illustration of real commitment to prevention allows people to rebuild their lives to some extent .
4. For victims , prosecuting war criminals has a vital cathartic function in helping them , to some extent , to come to terms with the crimes committed against them and their families .
5. Failure to prosecute sends victims a message that the attacks on their freedoms were somehow acceptable .
What claim can be made from these sentences?
Prosecution provides closure for the victims of war crimes.


This House would enable free movement of labour across Africa to alleviate poverty disparities.
Claim: The freedom to move is a human right.


Question:
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences. 1. Term limits , just like voluntary retirement , leads legislators to vote more on the basis of principle than on party stance .
2. When a congressman or senator does not intend to seek reelection , his tendency to vote along strict party lines diminishes substantially .
3. The result of this is a more independent legislature , with a greater interest in actually serving the people .
4. They find it easier to delay a decision until the next Congress , preferring their own reelection to the good of the nation .
5. The fund is set to become insolvent , by some estimates , in less than two decades , yet congressmen and senators have chosen time and again to put off enacting painful , but necessary reform to the system .
6. Furthermore , the need to constantly fight elections places politicians in the pocket of lobby-groups and election supporters to a greater degree , as they will always need to go back to them for support , and thus can not make decisions that are in the national interest alone .
7. When constrained by term limits , legislators must make the most of their limited time in office , resulting in greater prioritization of difficult decisions and reform .
8. It is often the case that hard decisions need to be made by legislators , but it is difficult for them to do so when they are fixated on being reelected .
9. A major focus of a legislator hoping to serve another term is on the next election and on vote getting .
10. An example of such seemingly perpetual procrastination is observable in the United States Congress 's attitude toward social security .
Answer:
The need to constantly fight elections compromises a politician's ability to make the difficult and unpopular decisions that may be needed at a given time:


Question: What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?
1. They are the 3 and 4 world economies .
2. Furthermore these two countries are the second and third largest contributors to the UN budget and deserve a permanent seat in the Council .
3. The current Security Council doesnt reflect the economic reality of the 21st century .
4. France and Great Britain have clearly lost their position among the most powerful nations and their role was long ago taken over by Germany and Japan .
5. -LSB- 1 -RSB- Contributions to the United Nations budget
6. Moreover , as permanent members pay an extra share for their seat , Japan and Germanys contributions would bring considerable amounts to the UN budget The three largest contributors to the United Nations , the US -LRB- 22.000 % of the UN budget -RRB- , Japan -LRB- 12.530 % -RRB- and Germany -LRB- 8.018 % -RRB- thus together finance some 43 % of the entire UN budget .
7. -LSB- 1 -RSB- Meanwhile Brazil and India have emerged as major economies and stable democracies over the past decade , and deserve recognition for their global importance .

Claim: The current Security Council doesn't reflect the economic reality of the 21st century.


Sentences: 1. The very fact that it is illegal makes it a target for teenagers to gain social status by drinking , as is true for other illegal substances such as marijuana .
2. Because it is harder to get , when young people manage to obtain alcohol they tend to have high rates of binge-drinking .
3. By imposing a high drinking age in the US and the UK , illegal drinking is seen as even more attractive because it is exclusive .
4. For many teenagers , underage drinking is seen as a way to gain respect from their peers and appear cool , or to feel more at ease in social situations .
5. Lowering the drinking age would remove this illicit appeal and encourage people to drink more moderately when they do drink .
What claim can be made from these sentences?

A high drinking age makes alcohol even more attractive to minors