Argument:1. Finally , levels of poverty throughout Africa have generally decreased , including in notable countries such as Ghana and Zimbabwe .
2. Education is seen as a cornerstone to growth as it allows the quicker attainment of the skills required for knowledge-intensive industries -LRB- such as agriculture and services -RRB- , which will in turn lead to greater development .
3. The level of literacy in Africa has seen an increase in reports on human development from 2001 and 2011 .
4. Some African states , such Seychelles , Libya and Tunisia , are in the High Human Development category and are positioned in the top 100 for HDI indicators , an improvement from 1990 .
5. Life expectancy has increased by 10 % on the continent and infant mortality has decreased as well , thanks to the greater availability of mosquito nets and the attention given to HIV/AIDS .
6. Human development index -LRB- HDI -RRB- indicators are used to assess levels of life expectancy , education and income indices throughout the world .
7. The majority of African states have seen an improvement in these scores since 2001 , and are predicted to continue this trend .
Claim: Human development indicators have significantly improved in recent years.

Argument:1. Others have involved fights and racist bullying .
2. Do we let things continue until someone has to die on TV to boost the ratings ?
3. Reality TV is actually getting worse as the audience becomes more and more used to the genre .
4. In a search for ratings and media coverage , shows are becoming ever more vulgar and offensive , trying to find new ways to shock .
5. When the British Big Brother was struggling for viewers in 2003 , its producers responded by attempting to shock the audience that little bit more .
6. `` Big Brother '' programmes have also shown men and women having sex on live TV , all in a desperate grab for ratings to justify their continued existence .
Claim: The sheer number of reality programmes is now driving TV producers to create filthier, more corrupt reality shows

Argument:1. The US justifies its military dominance by arguing that terrorist groups pose a serious threat to American society , and then this military dominance increases support for such terrorist groups .
2. America can not act as the world police because such a system will never lead to peace .
3. Indeed , the United States , and its policies and actions , are Bin Ladens only indispensable allies .
4. The United States unwavering support for Israel and its dubious grounds for invading Iraq are further source of anger in the Arab world .
5. Western domination is not the answer to political conflict ; it is the cause of many predicaments that result in the violation of human rights in countries in Asia , Africa , and the Middle East today .
6. Former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer , who led the hunt for Osama Bin Laden , wrote in his 2005 book , , that -LSB- Bin Laden -RSB- could not have his current - and increasing - level of success if Muslims did not believe their faith , brethren , resources , and lands to be under attack by the United States and , more generally , the West .
Claim: US unilateral intervention is a form of the Western imperialism that has caused so much of the strife that exists in the modern world.

Argument:1. Blocking the development of necessary tactical nuclear technologies actually raises the chances of these dangerous states obtaining nuclear weapons .
2. Another instance of tactical nuclear devices proving useful is in the destruction of clandestine biological and chemical weapons factories .
3. Were such facilities destroyed by conventional bombing , some of the materials being manufactured could easily leak into neighbouring population areas , leading to increased casualties .
4. Clearly , in light of these defense innovations , tactical nuclear weapons are an essential addition to a nuclear power 's arsenal .
5. There are a number of technological developments that have made the use of conventional weapons ineffective in combating certain threats .
6. For example , some bunkers are buried so deeply underground that conventional bombs can not penetrate them .
7. Weapons such as the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator -LRB- RNEP -RRB- , currently in development in the United States , would be able to penetrate such bunkers , while leaving no more surface damage than a conventional bomb .
8. Deployment of a weapon such as the RNEP might prove necessary in order to stop proliferation of nuclear weapons in rogue states , as for example , Iran has built extremely tough bunkers for the purpose of nuclear testing and storage of weapons of mass destruction .
Claim:
Countries need to design nuclear devices to adapt with changing defensive technology.