Argument:1. Increased use of referendums would potentially reduce the influence of lobby groups and corporate donors on the political system .
2. The trend in developed countries tends to be towards greater centralisation , and concentration of power in the hands of a small number of representatives .
3. This , in turn , leads to the creation of a separate political class who will in some cases be more concerned with their own influence and enrichment than that of the voters , and makes it possible for wealthy individuals or companies to lobby politicians for laws favourable to their interests .
Claim: Improves standards in political governance.


Sentences: 1. Everything from Velcro to more efficient and powerful computers has come out of the space program .
2. Space exploration and research have resulted in many major advances in science and technology .
3. That same paradigm has come to permeate scientific enquiry generally , pushing scientists to seek new answers and to develop new technologies .
4. The technological advances produced by the space program would not have been possible were it not for the intensity of focus on the paradigm of exploration .
5. Should humanity , however , take an insular view of itself and turn back on a history of pushing of boundaries , the paradigm of progress might dissolve as well .
6. So long as mankind keeps pushing the barriers of its own knowledge , it will never stagnate , and human understanding of the Universe will continue to grow .
What claim can be made from these sentences?
Space exploration produces many valuable technological innovations that benefit all of human society:


This House would ban smacking
Claim: Permitting smacking sends message to society that violence is acceptable


Question:
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences. 1. Democracy promotion also became a core element of George W. Bushs National Security Strategy of 2002 , and has been a key motivating factor in President Obamas response to the Arab Spring , where the US has supported democratic forces against dictators such as Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and Colonel Gaddafi of Libya .
2. The US under Obama has also provided leadership in the UN Human Rights Council -LSB- 12 -RSB- , and holds governments to account through The Bureau of Democracy , Human Rights and Labour -LRB- DRL -RRB- , which also forges and maintains global partnerships to promote human rights and democracy .
3. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the victory of liberal democracy over communism have provided the US with more impetus to actively promote democracy , human rights and international norms and law .
4. Under President Clinton , the Leahy Amendment to the Defense Appropriations Act of 1998 and the Religious Persecution Act of the same year demonstrated this change in priorities .
5. -LSB- 13 -RSB- U.S. Department of State , Human Rights .
6. , Accessed 14 May 2011 .
7. -LSB- 13 -RSB- -LSB- 12 -RSB- Brookings , U.S. Leadership at the U.N. Human Rights Council : A Foreign Policy at Brookings Event , February 2010 .
8. , Accessed 14 May 2011 .
Answer:
The US has used its power to promote democracy, human rights and international law


Question: What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?
1. It is simply unfeasible that they would remain interested when someone has been out of the spotlight for over two years .
2. In effect this means that for a Korean musician or actor their career will finish at the age of 29 .
3. In other profession it is possible to build a career around national service and employers know that at some point any young man they employ will need to undertake their military service but celebrities simply arent employed in this way .
4. The career path of celebrities is unusual in that it accretes over time on the basis of the performers standing in the public mind .
5. Unlike other professions this does not lend itself to taking two years out of the limelight , especially years when fame is coming to its height .
6. The media is notoriously fickle and equally well-known for having a short memory .
7. It generally struggles to stay interested in a celebrity if theyre out of the limelight for more than a few weeks .

Claim: Celebrities are in the unusual position of requiring constant media attention


Question:
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences. 1. Its all too easy for that state of affairs to be normalised .
2. Community radio offers another voice .
3. Autocracy has , at its root , the premise that only one perspective , or group of perspectives is legitimate .
4. Certain assumptions are unquestionable , certain rules inviolable and , more often than not , certain voices unchallengeable .
5. The process of establishing and running a community radio station is , in and of itself , a powerful fillip for community cohesion .
6. Giving voices to communities supports them as groups in their own right ; cohesive , engaged and worthy of respect .
7. More to the point it offers many .
8. As well as the value of the messages themselves , the very fact that they are there and broadcast is a powerful statement against autocratic assumptions .
9. In doing so it can provide a focus which increases the homogeneity of those communities without requiring the approval of a central structure of control .
10. In addition to well known examples such as Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty , radio stations across the Middle East And , especially , Africa have been key movers in the shift to democracy .
Answer:

Community radio evens the playing field against state and corporate broadcasters.