Taking photographs at a birthday or a wedding has become as natural as blowing out candles or cutting the cake. But our obsession with recording every detail of our happiest moments could be damaging our ability to remember _ , according to new research. A study has shown that taking pictures rather than concentrating fully on the events in front of us prevents memories taking hold. Dr. Linda Henkel, from Fairfield University, Connecticut, described it as the "photo-taking impairment effect". She said: "People so often pull out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point where they are missing what is happening right in front of them. When people rely on technology to remember for them--counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves--it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences." Dr Henkel and her team carried out an experiment in a museum, to learn if taking pictures of the exhibits was hindering the ability of visitors to remember what they had seen. A group of university students were led on a tour at the Bellarmine Museum of Art at Fairfield University and were asked to either photograph or try and remember objects on display. The next day their memory was tested. The results showed that people were less accurate in recognizing the objects they had photographed than those they had only looked at. It was found that their memory for the details of the objects they had photographed was poorer. Henkel's lab is currently investigating whether the content of a photo, such as whether you are in it, affects later memory. She is also researching whether actively choosing what to photograph might influence what we remember. Previous research suggests that reviewing photos we have taken does help us remember the objects, but only if we take the time. "Research has suggested that the sheer volume and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and recalling them.... What can we learn about Dr. Linda Henkel's study? A) A group of high school students were involved. B) The memory of participants was tested the following week. C) People who just looked at the objects remembered fewer details. D) People who photographed objects were worse at recognizing them.
D


"Hi,howareya." some people say when they see a familiar face.The words run together into a mass,all sense and meaning lost. All the same,people do care how you are.After they greet you,it's likely you will greet them back,with an equally meaningless phrase like,"Can't complain,can't complain."You could probably complain,at length,or share a brilliant thought you were just beginning when a greeting interrupted you.You don't though,you say,"Great,you?" You are not giving each other information about your health and wellbeing.All the same,you are sharing information.You're acknowledging each other's positions as acknowledged friends,or at least as accepted acquaintances.And you are reestablishing the ties that may have lapsed  since yesterday,when you last met at the elevator or the entrance to the train station. It's what anthropologist  Bronislaw Malinoski called a phatic  communication.Its message is not in the words you use,but in the fact that you speak ritually  accepted words.In Asia,for example,people may ask one another if they have eaten,or if they are busy.They're not really asking for their lunch menu or their agenda,they are saying hello.A phatic signal merely says, "I see you there." It says hi. There's embarrassment of being near people without acknowledging them.That uncomfortable feeling is one reason why lonely passengers in the subway may behave as if they cannot see anyone around them or may escape their uncomfortable situation with a book.Some people read all the way home,and never turn a page. Your friend isn't asking how you are,and you aren't telling him.However,he is recognizing your existence,and when you answer,you are recognizing his.In addition,the set speech you have shared opens the door to closer communications if both agree.Someday,you may come to real close friendship,and really tell one another how you are. Meanwhile,people who greet one another this way do care.They care enough to recognize someone's essential humanity .They send a signal across the space between,to share,very... Some people seldom greet strangers because   _  . A) they want to be polite to others B) they feel uncomfortable to do it C) they don't know when to greet them D) they want to do something meaningful
B


Q: IWFU is short for "I want to find you", and is an-easy-use Internet program which makes communication online easy. With IWFU, you can chat, send messages, play games and surf the Internet with your friends, and much more. With just a click of your mouse, you and your friends are connected at once. Using IWFU is simple. When you install IWFU, the program asks you to register . When you register, you receive a special IWFU number. You can also enter information about yourself which allows other IWFU users to recognize you when you log on. Once you've registered, you can make a list of your IWFU friends. IWFU will then use the list to identify your friends. As soon as you log onto the Internet, IWFU will let people know that you are online. Whether you are in Asia or Europe, in the United States or China, you can access your friends from anywhere and at any time through IWFU. IWFU is   _  . A) an Internet document called "I want to find you" B) a computer hardware called "I want to find you C) a computer software used for chatting D) an Internet program used for online communication
A: C


(Q).
The first time I went for a walk around my father-in-law's neighborhood was garbage day, and I was shocked to see what people were throwing out. It was back in 1981, and I saw many people gathered in someone's front yard. As I went nearer to see what was happening I got my first introduction to yard sales. For the few dollars I had in my wallet, I was able to buy a seven-inch black-and-white portable TV. I also bought a flashlight. The following weekend, at another yard sale, I saw a 14-inch color1 TV being sold for almost nothing. I felt I could not miss the offer and bought it. Now I had two sets and couldn't wait to see what else I could afford the next weekend. Spring ended, and by then I had accumulated almost every type of electronic equipment I had always wished to have back home. Then this new idea came to mind. I had heard about a man who traveled back home every few months. He drove a truck filled with boxes of new and used stuff that people were sending to  s. So I told my father that I would send as many types of items as I could so that he could start his resale business. Every few months I would gather several boxes of American "junk" --- televisions, toasters, fans, hair dryers, etc. and send them home. As word got out about my father's "trash" market, people all came to buy these things. Three years later, when I visited my family for the first time since leaving home, I learned that many of the families in our neighborhood had a piece of "trash". It proved that I had the responsibility to keep people back home up to date with the latest technology you no longer need.(304words) According to the text, a yard sale is a place where people   _  . A) sell their front yards at a low price B) throw away their trash in someone's yard C) gather in someone's yard to enjoy things D) sell unwanted things in their own yards
(A).

D