Some pigs lend lo be optimistic  while others have a  more pessimisitic   view , according to a new research that is meaningful  to  animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment. Asher, a researcher  at ihc University of Newcastle's   Institute  of Neurowcience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected sandard commercial conditions  and the other was _ with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After the pigs got  accusitomed  to these new homes over a few weeks , the rescarchers picked 18 pigs from  each type of   housing arrangement to train and test their judgment. " To do this, we trained each pig that in one comer of a  training room there would be a bowl wilh chocolate sweets -- specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms -- and in a bowl at the opposite   side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find  bitter-tasting," senior author Lisa  Collins of the  Univerersty  of Lincoln's  School of Life Sciences said. Over n number  of training trials , pigs  leamed to go to the bowl reliably when it  was in the  corner   where they had figured out to expect M&Ms.On the  contrary,they quickly leamed to avoid   the  bowl when it was't in the comer where they would expect to find the coffee beans. The  rescearchers   next  placed an unfamimliar bowl  in different locations , to see how the  pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism    that it  would contain  there  favorite sweds. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism. The  findings  suggest  that  a one -- size- fits - all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal lo bacon or other meal for some people, there is still cause for conccrn . Student  have suggested  that  how an animal is  trented during is lifetime   can  directly affect... Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic? A) The bowl with chocolate sweets. B) The bowl containing coffee beans. C) The bowl full of both sweets and beans. D) The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.
D


(Question)
In March 2012, researchers in the United States announce that they have developed the first wirelessly controlled device that can supply a drug directly into the body. A small chip is implanted under the skin. It contains the medicine, which it releases at preset times. The developers say the device could improve the lives of millions of people who take medicine for long-term illnesses. A company called MicroCHIPS began developing the device about fifteen years ago. Last month, the company released the results of its first successful tests in humans. The tests took place in Denmark with seven women with osteoporosis.  Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and break easily. The disorder is common among older people, especially women. Many patients have to give themselves daily injections of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. Robert farra is the president of MicroCHIPS. He says many patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the injections and that only twenty-five percent of the patients will go through the entire twenty-four months of treatment. The microchip is a few centimeters long. It has small sections that each hold a single dose of medicine. Mr. Farra says the device has to be programmed with the times to release the drug and that doctors will be able to reprogram the device from a computer or even a cell phone.  The seven women in the study were aged sixty-five to seventy. The researchers say the implants were just as effective as daily injections. And they say the dosage amounts were more exact than patients often give themselves. The microchips in the study held only twenty doses of medicine. Mr. Farra and his team are now designing a version that could hold a full year's worth of medicine. Robert Farra says, "The new version may take us two years, and then we may be required to do two additional trials, taking about four years before the device is available on the commercial scale." Which of the following about the new device is right? A) It is of great use to all patients. B) It is the first Microchip in the world. C) It can cure long-term illnesses completely. D) It can release medicine regularly as preset.
(Answer)
D


Ques: Tests administered to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching, according to a new $1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation.And because schools with high minority enrollments generally place a greater reliance on scores from these tests, the study finds,there tends to be "a gap in instructional emphases between high and low minority classrooms that differs from our national concern for the quality of education." George F.Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests, but also the tests designed to accompany(go with)the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade,eighth-grade,and high-school classrooms.Though curriculum(teaching program)experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning, the new study shows that the tests focus on lower-level skills--primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas . Researchers surveyed more than 2,200 math and science instructors,interviewing in depth some 300 teachers and administrators.Especially in schools with high minority enrollments,teachers reported feeling pressured to help students perform well on these tests.Some states judge schools and some schools determine teacher assignments based on students' test scores. "With so much worry,"Madaus says,"teachers feel forced to focus their instruction on drilling what the tests will measure--at the expense of the more valuable,higher-level skills." According to Madaus' opinion,teachers are forced to   _   . A) evaluate students' skills every year B) suffer so much worry on the texts C) teach what will be tested D) focus their instruction on useful drillings
Ans: C


Ques:On Boy's Day,children don't have to go to school.Every family with a boy hangs up huge carpshaped flags.The flags are usually three colors:black(representing the father),red (representing the mother)and blue(representing the son). Japanese parents believe that the flags will bring their boys good luck and give them courage and power. May 5th is Japanese Children's Day. But since the festival is mainly celebrated by boys,it is usually called Boy's Day. The celebration of Boy's Day has a long history.It is said that the festival is derived from the Dragon Boat Festival in China. On this day,Japanese boys eat a special kind of rice cake. It is covered with a leaf and filled with bean paste  .Children love to eat it. And eggs on leaves are another traditional food. Japanese children are so happy that they have three festivals each year. In addition to Boy's Day,they also have Girl's Day and the 753 Festival. Girl's Day is the girl's festival on March 3. It is also called the Doll's Festival because on that day,families get a set of dolls at home for their daughters. It is celebrated because the parents want their daughters to be strong and healthy. The 753 Festival is for children aged three, five and seven years old. Japanese people think that these three ages are the luckiest ones in one's life. On that day, these children get special candies wrapped in beautiful bags.The candy is a symbol of a long and healthy life for these children. The 753 Festival falls in November. According to the passage,why do the girls in Japan always receive dolls on Girl's Day? A) Because girls themselves want dolls. B) Because doll factories want to send dolls to girls to celebrate Girl's Day. C) Because parents want their daughters to be healthy. D) Because parents believe dolls can bring them good luck.

Ans:
C