Definition: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: Newsroom 
  
 Our Stories 
  
 Drinking non-cow’s milk associated with lower height in children 
  
 Toronto, June 7, 2017 
  
 By Kelly O’Brien 
  
  
  
 Dr. Jonathon Maguire Dr. Jonathon Maguire 
  
 Children who drink non-cow’s milk — including other animal milk and plant-based milk beverages — are shorter than children who drink cow’s milk, new research suggests. 
  
 For each daily cup of non-cow’s milk they drank, children were 0.4 centimetres shorter than average for their age, according to a study published today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. For each daily cup of cow’s milk they drank, children were 0.2 centimetres taller than average. 
  
 The study suggests the more non-cow’s milk children drink, the lower their height. The height difference for a three-year-old who drank three cups of non-cow’s milk compared to three cups of cow’s milk per day was 1.5 centimetres, according to the study. 
  
 This height difference is similar to the difference between major percentile lines on the World Health Organization growth chart, said lead author Dr. Jonathon Maguire, a pediatrician at St. Michael’s Hospital. This means drinking three cups of non-cow’s milk per day might move a child to the 15th from the 50th percentile for height, and vice versa, compared with other children their age. 
  
 The study also found that children who drank a combination of cow’s milk and non-cow’s milk daily were shorter than average. This finding suggests adding some cow’s milk to a child’s diet did not reverse the association between non-cow’s milk consumption and lower height, said Dr. Maguire. 
  
 The study did not examine why children who drank non-cow’s milk were shorter on average than those who drank cow’s milk, however the authors hypothesize that children who drink non-cow’s milk may consume less dietary protein and fat than those who drink cow’s milk, resulting in reduced growth. 
  
 Height is an important indicator of children’s overall health and development, said Dr. Maguire. Cow’s milk has been a reliable source of dietary protein and fat for North American children, two essential nutrients to ensure proper growth in early childhood. But many parents are choosing non-cow’s milk for their children, which may have lower nutritional content, said Dr. Maguire. 
  
 “The nutritional content of cow’s milk is regulated in the United States and Canada, while the nutritional contents of most non-cow’s milks are not,” he said. “The lack of regulation means the nutritional content varies widely from one non-cow’s milk product to the next, particularly in the amount of protein and fat.” 
  
  
  
 Click here or on the infographic above for a larger version. 
  
 For example, two cups of cow’s milk contains 16 grams of protein, which is 100 per cent of the daily protein requirement for a three-year-old child, according to the study. Two cups of almond milk beverage typically contains 4 grams of protein, which is only 25 per cent of the daily protein requirement for a three-year-old, who may not be receiving sufficient protein from other dietary sources, said Dr. Maguire. 
  
 Researchers examined a total of 5,034 children between the ages of 24-72 months. Of those studied, 13 per cent drank non-cow’s milk daily, and 92 per cent drank cow’s milk daily. 
  
 While the majority of children studied drank cow’s milk daily, the number who drank non-cow’s milk daily suggests its popularity has increased in recent years, said Dr. Maguire, possibly due to perceived health benefits. 
  
 Because this shift is so recent, there is very little research on the effect of non-cow’s milk on childhood growth, he said. This makes it difficult for the average consumer to understand the pros and cons of choosing non-cow’s milk over cow’s milk for their child. 
  
 “If products are being marketed as being equivalent to cow’s milk, as a consumer and a parent, I would like to know that they are in fact the same in terms of their effect on children’s growth,” said Dr. Maguire. 
  
 All study participants were enrolled in the Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), collaboration between children’s doctors and researchers from St. Michael’s Hospital and The Hospital for Sick Children. The program follows children from birth with the aim of preventing common problems in the early years and understanding their impact on health and disease later in life. 
  
 This study received funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the St. Michael’s Hospital Foundation. 
  
  
  
 This paper is an example of how St. Michael's Hospital is making Ontario Healthier, Wealthier, Smarter. 
  
 About St. Michael's Hospital 
  
 St. Michael’s Hospital provides compassionate care to all who enter its doors. The hospital also provides outstanding medical education to future health care professionals in more than 29 academic disciplines. Critical care and trauma, heart disease, neurosurgery, diabetes, cancer care, and care of the homeless are among the Hospital’s recognized areas of expertise. Through the Keenan Research Centre and the Li Ka Shing International Healthcare Education Center, which make up the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, research and education at St. Michael’s Hospital are recognized and make an impact around the world. Founded in 1892, the hospital is fully affiliated with the University of Toronto. ||||| Like most parents, Andrea Thompson works hard to make sure her toddler eats nutritious foods. 
  
 The Toronto mother has been a vegan for four years and thinks carefully about the food she gives her two-year-old daughter, Everest Frenke. Sometimes she adds flax oil, peanut butter or hemp seeds to soy milk to ensure her daughter is getting important nutrients. 
  
 "The soy milk I give her is fortified," Thompson said. "She doesn't drink it very often, mostly in her cereal or her oatmeal." 
  
 Recognizing that more families are reaching for alternative milks such as soy, almond or rice over traditional cow's milk, researchers in Toronto set out to see if it has an impact on growth — an indicator of optimal nutrition. 
  
 The team at St. Michael's Hospital turned to their ongoing study of about 5,000 children aged two to six who were recruited from primary-care practices in the city. 
  
 The kids' heights and weights were measured and blood samples taken. Participating parents were surveyed about their child's diet to see if cow's milk offered a growth advantage over non-cow's milk. 
  
 Among the children in the study, 13 per cent drank non-cow's milk, including goat's milk and plant-based alternatives. The others drank cow's milk daily. 
  
 The researchers found that on average, a three-year-old having three cups of cow's milk a day grew 1.5 centimetres taller than a similar child consuming the same amount of alternative milk. 
  
 The study's lead author, pediatrician Jonathon Maguire, and his co-authors reported the findings in Wednesday's issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 
  
 Difference 'not tiny' 
  
 "When you are only 2.5 feet high and you are that different it is a fairly sizable difference," Maguire said. "How that plays out over childhood, what difference that makes to adult height, is not clear at the present time, but the difference at three years of age is detectable and not tiny." 
  
 What's driving the height difference? The investigators speculate that factors like certain proteins in cow's milk may contribute to height, based on other studies. 
  
 It is a little bit unusual that the same standard isn't applied to the other alternative milks but they are marketed as being similar to cow's milk. - Dr. Jonathon Maguire 
  
 For instance, two cups of cow's milk contains 16 grams of protein, which meets 100 per cent of the daily protein requirement for a three-year-old child, the researchers said. Two cups of almond milk beverage typically contains four grams of protein, which is only 25 per cent of the daily protein requirement for a three-year-old. 
  
 Researchers can't fully explain the apparent height difference and what could be contributing to it. When they factored in age, sex, ethnicity, neighbourhood income and maternal height, the results did not change. 
  
 In Canada, the nutritional content of cow's milk is standardized but non-cow's milk isn't, the researchers noted. 
  
 In Canada, the nutritional content of milk is standardized but non-cow's milk isn't. (Melanie Glanz/CBC) 
  
 "I think the whole reason to standardize was to protect children and provide adequate nutrients," Maguire said. "It is a little bit unusual that the same standard isn't applied to the other alternative milks but they are marketed as being similar to cow's milk." 
  
 What's driving family's choices 
  
 The takeaway is that there's just an association between drinking non-cow's milk and height, but you can't say it makes you shorter, said Dr. Peter Nieman, a community pediatrician in Calgary who was not involved in the study. 
  
 The number of children drinking non-cow's milk has been growing steadily over the past 10 years. In Nieman's practice, more families are avoiding dairy, more for medical reasons than social or environmental ones, although he says that's a growing segment. 
  
 When talking to families, Nieman said it's important to know what's driving their decision. 
  
 "If they tell me they did it for environmental reasons, maybe they're vegan, I would have to respect that and work with them and help them follow a lifestyle that is healthy and that is safe," Nieman said. 
  
 I can't tell you what to do, but because the neighbour is doing it or because more people and more people are doing it doesn't make it right necessarily. - Dr. Peter Nieman 
  
 "If it's just something that's a fad because the neighbour's doing it, then I think you can work with those people and explain," he added. 
  
 "I can't tell you what to do, but because the neighbour is doing it or because more people and more people are doing it doesn't make it right necessarily." 
  
 Nieman said the findings stimulate conversation but more, longer-term information is also needed. 
  
 For her part, Thompson is conscious about giving her daughter foods rich in protein and other nutrients, such as hummus, nut butters, tofu and tempe. 
  
 "I converse with many vegan parents," Thompson said. "We know that really store-bought almond milk is advertised as a diet food, low calorie, low fat. It is not a toddler food." 
  
 Thompson thinks much more research is needed before saying there's a true causal link between drinking alternative milks and shorter height. 
  
 The study was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the St. Michael's Hospital Foundation. |||||
Output:
Does drinking milk make kids taller? If the milk comes from a cow, the answer may be yes, CBC News reports. A new study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that 3-year-olds who drank 3 cups of an alternative to cow's milk, such as soy, almond, or rice milk, each day were on average 1.5 centimeters (or .59 inches) shorter than kids who quaffed 3 cups of the real stuff. While it is not known if the kids will grow up to be shorter, lead author Jonathon Maguire tells the National Post that height differences often widen over time. "Even a one- or two-centimeter difference when you’re little can result in a big difference when you’re an adult," he says. And "when you are only 2.5 feet high," he tells CBC, "it is a fairly sizable difference." His team at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto studied 5,000 children between the ages of 2 and 6, of whom 92% drank cow's milk daily and 13% drank alternatives daily. (Even children who drank a combination of cow's milk and alternatives were shorter on average than those who only drank cow's milk.) While researchers didn't examine a cause for the height drop-off, they theorize that dietary protein and fat are at the heart of the matter. Steadily on the rise, alternatives to cow's milk tend to have less of both. With 16 grams of protein, two cups of cow's milk pack 100% of the daily protein requirement for a 3-year-old. In contrast, the same amount of almond milk has about four grams. Many cow's milk alternatives contain little fat and and the calcium is not not as readily absorbed, a dietitian tells HealthDay. Maguire urges parents to closely read nutrition labels. (Bad news about organic milk.)