Commencement  is a time for idealism.  But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new college graduates. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame   to the global economy, But that's not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin. It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers. The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economic pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only. college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity  . The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains.  Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation's total income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top 1 percent of Americans--whose average annual income was $1.1 million-- took in 21.8 percent of the nation's income, their largest share since I929.  Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor's degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy.  They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have also helped and probably accounts, in part, for the pay growth of college-educated women. But such measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater.  Mr.... The passage is mainly about that   _  . A) there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America B) college graduates find it hard to find an idea job after graduation in America C) research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income equality for college graduates D) college degrees are losing value in America
C

For me,my great moment came when I actually decided to accept an opportunity to teach English in Shanghai.There were times when I almost gave up because of fear.But in the end I came here. Last summer,a CanadianChinese woman who teaches in Shanghai just happened to come to the place where I was working in the Seattle area.We talked and I said I had always wanted to teach abroad.She said,"Come to our school.""Okay."I replied,but I wasn't sure if I meant it. We met later for coffee.She answered all of my questions about the school,and gave me the website address and the email address of the person to contact.It took six months for me to finally decide on the job. First of all,in Shanghai there are many western places to eat western food and lots of interesting things to do.Also,there is a great subway system with directions and stops posted in English.Finding your way around is a challenge in a new place.But that isn't hard here.Taxis are very cheap;you can always jump in one and get home.There are also a lot of westerners in Shanghai,so it is fairly easy to ask for directions.Young Chinese people are much more likely to speak English and they are wonderfully helpful. I earn almost $1,000 per month and live in a nice rentfree apartment.My biggest expense has been food as I am a vegetarian and also on a diet.I still have not got used to the traditional Chinese food,but if you like it,you'll be in heaven. Here I have a good place to live in,new friends,a high salary,and a good job.In the US,getting a job at my age has been next to impossible for a woman. We can infer that at first the writer  _  . A) wasn't interested in teaching abroad at all B) wasn't sure whether to accept the job to teach in China C) knew she would be popular as a teacher in China D) thought the CanadianChinese woman was joking
B

"Good fences make good neighbors", the television commentator said, misquoting Robert Frost for the millionth time in my memory.It made me wonder if the poet was not looking down from Heaven and sadly shaking his head.     No line of poetry has ever been more misused in history than that one.It comes from Frost' s great poem Mending Wall.In it he writes of him and his neighbor repairing the broken stone wall that divides their property  .Frost questions why they are doing so, because there are no animals that need fencing in.He sees as well that the wall is a symbol of the barriers   that people create to separate themselves from each other.He wisely writes that, "Before I built a wall I'd ask to know what I was walling in or walling out, and to whom I was like to give offence  .'Something there is that doesn't love a wall, that wants it down'."     His neighbor, however, who Frost describes as a "stone savage" who "moves in darkness" refuses to part from the ways of his forefathers and goes along foolishly with their belief that "Good fences make good neighbors."     I wonder if Mr.Frost would have ever written his poem if he had known that the line he wrote in irony   would be used again and again to encourage what he was so against.Perhaps he would have written a different one about tearing down the fences that separate us and breaking apart the walls that hide our hearts from each other.Either way, we should embrace the wisdom he shared with us.Fences and walls separate us from each other.We need to take them down stone by stone, walk through them, and embrace each other in joy.We need to love our neighbors.We need to see that good fences DO NOT make good neighbors.They just make lonely hearts. What does the wall in Frost's poem stand for according to the author? A) Broken fences. B) Quarrels with neighbors. C) The distance between neighbors. D) The insisting on the forefathers' belief.
C

If you look at the night sky, you'll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made of something called "dark matter". Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even be made up of 90 percent dark matter. How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass   of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move at. Recently, Jorge Penarrubia, a senior academic at Edinburgh University, UK, and his team discovered something interesting: The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, and dark matter may explain why. Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. We can't see dark matter, it's very difficult to measure and we can't find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn't produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark matter may be very different from the matter that we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter. According to the text, dark matter   _  . A) could accelerate the speed of stars B) could lessen the mass of objects in galaxies C) makes up the entire universe and its stars D) may help us identify the origins of the universe

D