Feel frightened when you have public speaking? There is no need for it. All you have to do is appear confident, and the audience will immediately relax and pay attention. There are a few body-language techniques that will make your life easier, even if you hate public speaking.     Look relaxed.Don't stand like a model of human body. Keep your arms relaxed , sometimes raising them. Movement helps keep an audience awake. Raise your hands instead of laying them down to stress your points.   The eyes have it.When making a speech , your eyes are your important tool. Use them well, and you will get your message across. Keep your head raised and avoid looking down at the floor. If you can make a speech without notes, your body language will improve. Make eye contact with all the audience for a short while. They want to feel as if you're speaking to them individually.   Change the rhythm. Variety is the key. As well as using your hands and eyes , you can use your voice to send out signals. You can change your rhythm and raise your tone to emphasize your arguments.   Check if your audience is paying attention. As important as controlling your own body language is being able to recognize and if you are confident, it should be easy to check whether the audience is listening ,Look out for negative body language and any signs of wandering attention.   Regain their attention by making a joke. If this doesn't work , it might be time to have a break. Each audience has a different attention span, and the more complicated your subject is the quicker their minds will wander. If all else fails , open a window. Nothing focuses concentration like a draught  . which of the following techniques can't help you stress your speech? A) Raise your speaking tone B) Use your gestures correctly C) Change your speaking rhythm D) Low down your hand suddenly
D

Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim. The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers' voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known - that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves. The researchers, from Cardiff University's School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words "whoops" and "there". The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums' voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language. Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University's School of Psychology says, "What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did 'whoops' and 'there' in two languages and got exactly the same results." The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek. Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents' voices from an early age. She says, "Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people's minds, except the signals in language that they give out." She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it. Dr Gattis adds, "A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don't sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across." Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study? A) Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking. B) After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant. C) The babies acted the same way regardless of the language. D) The research was conducted on 48 babies.
C

Norm Pethrick, a 36-year-old man in Australia's northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile's back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported. Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged  , locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater. Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked   the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free. Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers. "This could have been a fatal and tragic situation," said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report. He said Ms Pethrick was saved by her husband's "quick and diligent actions". Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria on the teeth of the crocodile. The crocodile attacked Ms Pethrick when she was   _  . A) swimming in the river B) standing on the river bank C) watching the crocodile D) fishing in the water
B

Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern skill has changed this. Either man will stop war, or war will stop man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological(  ) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre ( ),but by judging in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology  would prevent war. I believe this to be a complete error. All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Those people who believe them are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past two years has changed very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course, very difficult problems remain in the international world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the bomb. The author believes that the only way to stop war is to  _  . A) take possession of stronger weapons B) let the stronger side take over the world C) settle international issues through agreements D) destroy bacteriological and chemical weapons

C